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Song J, Gao N, Chen Z, Xu G, Kong M, Wei D, Sun Q, Dong A. Shared genetic etiology of vessel diseases: A genome-wide multi-traits association analysis. Thromb Res 2024; 241:109102. [PMID: 39059088 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.109102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity among vascular diseases has been widely reported, however, the contribution of shared genetic components remains ambiguous. METHODS Based on genome-wide association study summary statistics, we employed statistical genetics methodologies to explore the shared genetic basis of eight vascular diseases: coronary artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, thoracic aortic aneurysm, phlebitis, varicose veins, and venous thromboembolism. We assessed global and local genetic correlations among these disorders by linkage disequilibrium score regression, high-definition likelihood, and local analysis of variant association. Cross-trait analyses conducted with CPASSOC identified pleiotropic variants and loci. Further, biological pathways at the multi-omics level were explored using multimarker analysis of genomic annotation, transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association studies. Causal associations among the vascular diseases were evaluated by mendelian randomization and latent causal variable to assess vertical pleiotropic effects. RESULTS We found significant global genetic associations in 18 pairs of vascular diseases. Additionally, we discovered 317 unique genomic regions where at least one pair of traits demonstrated significant correlation. Multi-trait association analysis identified 19,361 significant potential pleiotropic variants in 274 independent pleiotropic loci. Multi-trait colocalization analysis revealed 56 colocalized loci in specific disease sets. Gene-based analysis identified 700 potential pleiotropic genes, which were subsequently validated at both transcriptome and protein levels. Gene-set enrichment analysis supports the role of biological pathways such as vessel wall structure, coagulation and lipid transport in vascular disease. Additionally, 7 pairs of vascular diseases have a causal relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates a shared genetic basis and the presence of common risk genes among vascular diseases. These findings offer novel insights into potential mechanisms underlying the association between vascular diseases, as well as provide guidance for interventions and treatments of multi-vascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guocong Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjian Kong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Aiqiang Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Le A, Peng H, Golinsky D, Di Scipio M, Lali R, Paré G. What Causes Premature Coronary Artery Disease? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:189-203. [PMID: 38573470 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of genetic and non-genetic causes of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD). RECENT FINDINGS pCAD refers to coronary artery disease (CAD) occurring before the age of 65 years in women and 55 years in men. Both genetic and non-genetic risk factors may contribute to the onset of pCAD. Recent advances in the genetic epidemiology of pCAD have revealed the importance of both monogenic and polygenic contributions to pCAD. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder associated with atherosclerotic pCAD. However, clinical overreliance on monogenic genes can result in overlooked genetic causes of pCAD, especially polygenic contributions. Non-genetic factors, notably smoking and drug use, are also important contributors to pCAD. Cigarette smoking has been observed in 25.5% of pCAD patients relative to 12.2% of non-pCAD patients. Finally, myocardial infarction (MI) associated with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may result in similar clinical presentations as atherosclerotic pCAD. Recognizing the genetic and non-genetic causes underlying pCAD is important for appropriate prevention and treatment. Despite recent progress, pCAD remains incompletely understood, highlighting the need for both awareness and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Le
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Helen Peng
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Danielle Golinsky
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Matteo Di Scipio
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Ricky Lali
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada.
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3
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Gao M, Liu W, Li T, Song Z, Wang X, Zhang X. Identifying Genetic Signatures Associated with Oncogene-Induced Replication Stress in Osteosarcoma and Screening for Potential Targeted Drugs. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1690-1715. [PMID: 37672187 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor. Due to the lack of selectivity and sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells, coupled with the use of large doses, chemotherapy drugs often have systemic toxicity. The use of modern sequencing technology to screen tumor markers in a large number of tumor samples is a common method for screening highly specific and selective anti-tumor drugs. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers using the latest reported gene expression signatures of oncogene-induced replication stress (ORS) in aggressive cancers, and potential anti-osteosarcoma drugs were screened in different drug databases. In this study, we obtained 89 osteosarcoma-related samples in the TARGET database, all of which included survival information. According to the median expression of each of six reported ORS gene markers (NAT10/DDX27/ZNF48/C8ORF33/MOCS3/MPP6), we divided 89 osteosarcoma gene expression datasets into a high expression group and a low expression group and then performed a differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. The coexisting genes of 6 groups of DEGs were used as replication stress-related genes (RSGs) of osteosarcoma. Then, key RSGs were screened using LASSO regression, a Cox risk proportional regression prognostic model and a tenfold cross-validation test. GSE21257 datasets collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to verify the prognostic model. The final key RSGs selected were used in the L1000PWD and DGIdb databases to mine potential drugs. After further validation by the prognostic model, we identified seven genes associated with ORS in osteosarcoma as key RSGs, including transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2), solute carrier family 27 member 4 (SLC27A4), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), nucleolar protein 6 (NOL6), coiled-coil-coil-coil-coil-helix domain containing 4 (CHCHD4), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B (EIF3B), and synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 1 (SCO1). Then, we screened the seven key RSGs in two drug databases and found six potential anti-osteosarcoma drugs (D GIdb database: repaglinide, tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, and hydrochlorothiazide; L1000PWD database: the small molecule VU-0365117-1). Seven RSGs (TCF7L2, SLC27A4, PCSK5, NOL6, CHCHD4, EIF3B, and SCO1) may be associated with the ORS gene signatures in osteosarcoma. Repaglinide, tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, hydrochlorothiazide and the small molecule VU-0365117-1 are potential therapeutic drugs for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Weibo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - ZeLong Song
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - XiangYu Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, First Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - XueSong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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4
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Belenkov YN, Iusupova AO, Slepova OA, Pakhtusov NN, Popova LV, Lishuta AS, Krivova AV, Khabarova NV, Abidaev MY, Privalova EV. WNT Signaling Cascade Proteins and LRP6 in the Formation of Various Types of Coronary Lesions in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. KARDIOLOGIIA 2024; 64:3-10. [PMID: 38841783 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2024.5.n2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Assessment of WNT1, WNT3a, and LRP6 concentrations in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery (CA) disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional observational study included 50 IHD patients (verified by coronary angiography, CAG), of which 25 (50%) were men, mean age 64.9±8.1 years; 20 patients had non-obstructive CA disease (stenosis <50%), and 30 patients had hemodynamically significant stenosis. Concentrations of WNT1, WNT3a and LRP6 were measured in all patients. RESULTS The concentrations of WNT1 and WNT3a proteins were significantly higher in patients with IHD and obstructive CA disease (p < 0.001), while the concentration of LRP6 was higher in the group with non-obstructive CA disease (p = 0.016). Data analysis of the group with obstructive CA disease showed a moderate correlation between WNT1 and LRP6 (ρ=0.374; p=0.042). Correlation analysis of all groups of patients with CA disease revealed a moderate association between the concentrations of WNT1 and uric acid (ρ=0.416; p=0.007). Regression analysis showed that risk factors for the development of IHD, such as increased body mass index, age, smoking, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, did not significantly influence the type of CA disease in IHD patients. According to ROC analysis, the obstructive form of IHD was predicted by a WNT3a concentration higher than 0.155 ng/ml and a LRP6 concentration lower than 12.94 ng/ml. CONCLUSION IHD patients with non-obstructive CA disease had the greatest increase in LRP6, while patients with obstructive CA disease had significantly higher concentrations of the canonical WNT cascade proteins, WNT1 and WNT3a. According to the ROC analysis, a WNT3a concentration >0.155 ng/ml can serve as a predictor for the presence of hemodynamically significant CA stenosis in IHD patients (sensitivity 96.7%; specificity 70%), whereas a LRP6 concentration >12.94 ng/ml can predict the development of non-obstructive CA disease (sensitivity 76.7%; specificity 65%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu N Belenkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - A O Iusupova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - O A Slepova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - N N Pakhtusov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - L V Popova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - A S Lishuta
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - A V Krivova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - N V Khabarova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - M Yu Abidaev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - E V Privalova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
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5
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Rojas MG, Pereira-Simon S, Zigmond ZM, Varona Santos J, Perla M, Santos Falcon N, Stoyell-Conti FF, Salama A, Yang X, Long X, Duque JC, Salman LH, Tabbara M, Martinez L, Vazquez-Padron RI. Single-Cell Analyses Offer Insights into the Different Remodeling Programs of Arteries and Veins. Cells 2024; 13:793. [PMID: 38786017 PMCID: PMC11119253 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteries and veins develop different types of occlusive diseases and respond differently to injury. The biological reasons for this discrepancy are not well understood, which is a limiting factor for the development of vein-targeted therapies. This study contrasts human peripheral arteries and veins at the single-cell level, with a focus on cell populations with remodeling potential. Upper arm arteries (brachial) and veins (basilic/cephalic) from 30 organ donors were compared using a combination of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, proteomics, flow cytometry, and histology. The cellular atlases of six arteries and veins demonstrated a 7.8× higher proportion of contractile smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in arteries and a trend toward more modulated SMCs. In contrast, veins showed a higher abundance of endothelial cells, pericytes, and macrophages, as well as an increasing trend in fibroblasts. Activated fibroblasts had similar proportions in both types of vessels but with significant differences in gene expression. Modulated SMCs and activated fibroblasts were characterized by the upregulation of MYH10, FN1, COL8A1, and ITGA10. Activated fibroblasts also expressed F2R, POSTN, and COMP and were confirmed by F2R/CD90 flow cytometry. Activated fibroblasts from veins were the top producers of collagens among all fibroblast populations from both types of vessels. Venous fibroblasts were also highly angiogenic, proinflammatory, and hyper-responders to reactive oxygen species. Differences in wall structure further explain the significant contribution of fibroblast populations to remodeling in veins. Fibroblasts are almost exclusively located outside the external elastic lamina in arteries, while widely distributed throughout the venous wall. In line with the above, ECM-targeted proteomics confirmed a higher abundance of fibrillar collagens in veins vs. more basement ECM components in arteries. The distinct cellular compositions and transcriptional programs of reparative populations in arteries and veins may explain differences in acute and chronic wall remodeling between vessels. This information may be relevant for the development of antistenotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel G Rojas
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Simone Pereira-Simon
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Zachary M Zigmond
- Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Javier Varona Santos
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mikael Perla
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nieves Santos Falcon
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Filipe F Stoyell-Conti
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alghidak Salama
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Juan C Duque
- Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Loay H Salman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Marwan Tabbara
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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6
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Behrmann A, Zhong D, Li L, Xie S, Mead M, Sabaeifard P, Goodarzi M, Lemoff A, Kozlitina J, Towler DA. Wnt16 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractile Phenotype and Function via Taz (Wwtr1) Activation in Male LDLR-/- Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad192. [PMID: 38123514 PMCID: PMC10765280 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Wnt16 is expressed in bone and arteries, and maintains bone mass in mice and humans, but its role in cardiovascular physiology is unknown. We show that Wnt16 protein accumulates in murine and human vascular smooth muscle (VSM). WNT16 genotypes that convey risk for bone frailty also convey risk for cardiovascular events in the Dallas Heart Study. Murine Wnt16 deficiency, which causes postnatal bone loss, also reduced systolic blood pressure. Electron microscopy demonstrated abnormal VSM mitochondrial morphology in Wnt16-null mice, with reductions in mitochondrial respiration. Following angiotensin-II (AngII) infusion, thoracic ascending aorta (TAA) dilatation was greater in Wnt16-/- vs Wnt16+/+ mice (LDLR-/- background). Acta2 (vascular smooth muscle alpha actin) deficiency has been shown to impair contractile phenotype and worsen TAA aneurysm with concomitant reductions in blood pressure. Wnt16 deficiency reduced expression of Acta2, SM22 (transgelin), and other contractile genes, and reduced VSM contraction induced by TGFβ. Acta2 and SM22 proteins were reduced in Wnt16-/- VSM as was Ankrd1, a prototypic contractile target of Yap1 and Taz activation via TEA domain (TEAD)-directed transcription. Wnt16-/- VSM exhibited reduced nuclear Taz and Yap1 protein accumulation. SiRNA targeting Wnt16 or Taz, but not Yap1, phenocopied Wnt16 deficiency, and Taz siRNA inhibited contractile gene upregulation by Wnt16. Wnt16 incubation stimulated mitochondrial respiration and contraction (reversed by verteporfin, a Yap/Taz inhibitor). SiRNA targeting Taz inhibitors Ccm2 and Lats1/2 mimicked Wnt16 treatment. Wnt16 stimulated Taz binding to Acta2 chromatin and H3K4me3 methylation. TEAD cognates in the Acta2 promoter conveyed transcriptional responses to Wnt16 and Taz. Wnt16 regulates cardiovascular physiology and VSM contractile phenotype, mediated via Taz signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Behrmann
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dalian Zhong
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Li Li
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shangkui Xie
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Megan Mead
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Parastoo Sabaeifard
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Andrew Lemoff
- Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- McDermott Center for Human Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Internal Medicine—Endocrine Division and the Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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7
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Kim Y, Kim HK, Kang S, Kim H, Go GW. Rottlerin suppresses lipid accumulation by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis and adipogenesis via LRP6/mTOR/SREBP1C in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1445-1452. [PMID: 37457404 PMCID: PMC10349001 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rottlerin is isolated from Mallotus japonicus, a plant rich in polyphenols. Rottlerin is a selective PKCδ-inhibitor and is also known as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and anti-neoplastic agent. However, its anti-obesity effect is yet to be established. Therefore, this study tested whether rottlerin inhibits adipogenesis and de novo lipogenesis via the LRP6/mTOR/SREBP1C pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rottlerin dramatically decreased lipid accumulation assessed by Oil Red O as evidence to support the cellular phenotype (p < 0.001). Pivotal messenger RNA and protein expressions associated with de novo lipogenesis (SREBP1C, ACC1, FAS, and SCD1) and adipogenesis (PPARγ and C/EBPα) were subsequentially verified by rottlerin in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Further investigation revealed that rottlerin reduced the AKT/mTOR pathway via diminished total protein of LRP6 (p < 0.05). Collectively, these findings establish a causal link between rottlerin, LRP6, and the altered nutrient-sensing mTOR pathway, in which rottlerin regulates de novo lipogenesis and adipogenesis in white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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8
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Wang J, Tian X, Yan C, Wu H, Bu Y, Li J, Liu D, Han Y. TCF7L1 Accelerates Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching and Aggravates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:155-170. [PMID: 36908661 PMCID: PMC9998605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells is a central process in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathology. We found that knockdown TCF7L1 (transcription factor 7-like 1), a member of the TCF/LEF (T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor) family of transcription factors, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. This study hints at potential interventions to maintain a normal, differentiated smooth muscle cell state, thereby eliminating the pathogenesis of AAA. In addition, our study provides insights into the potential use of TCF7L1 as a biomarker for AAA.
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Key Words
- AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- CVF, collagen volume fraction
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SM22α, smooth muscle protein 22-α
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- SRF, serum response factor
- TCF7L1
- TCF7L1, transcription factor 7-like 1
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell
- abdominal aortic aneurysms
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- phenotypic switching
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- smooth muscle cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanlin Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxin Bu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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9
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Sutton NR, Malhotra R, Hilaire C, Aikawa E, Blumenthal RS, Gackenbach G, Goyal P, Johnson A, Nigwekar SU, Shanahan CM, Towler DA, Wolford BN, Chen Y. Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Health: Insights From Vascular Aging and Calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:15-29. [PMID: 36412195 PMCID: PMC9793888 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, especially beyond the age of 65 years, with the vast majority of morbidity and mortality due to myocardial infarction and stroke. Vascular pathology stems from a combination of genetic risk, environmental factors, and the biologic changes associated with aging. The pathogenesis underlying the development of vascular aging, and vascular calcification with aging, in particular, is still not fully understood. Accumulating data suggests that genetic risk, likely compounded by epigenetic modifications, environmental factors, including diabetes and chronic kidney disease, and the plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells to acquire an osteogenic phenotype are major determinants of age-associated vascular calcification. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic and modifiable risk factors in regulating age-associated vascular pathology may inspire strategies to promote healthy vascular aging. This article summarizes current knowledge of concepts and mechanisms of age-associated vascular disease, with an emphasis on vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R. Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Cynthia Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 1744 BSTWR, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260 USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease; Baltimore, MD
| | - Grace Gackenbach
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Parag Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Adam Johnson
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sagar U. Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dwight A. Towler
- Department of Medicine | Endocrine Division and Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Brooke N. Wolford
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Research Department, Veterans Affairs Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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10
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Akoumianakis I, Polkinghorne M, Antoniades C. Non-canonical WNT signalling in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:783-797. [PMID: 35697779 PMCID: PMC9191761 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
WNT signalling comprises a diverse spectrum of receptor-mediated pathways activated by a large family of WNT ligands and influencing fundamental biological processes. WNT signalling includes the β-catenin canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathways, namely the planar cell polarity and the calcium-dependent pathways. Advances over the past decade have linked non-canonical WNT signalling with key mechanisms of atherosclerosis, including oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, macrophage activation and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype regulation. In addition, non-canonical WNT signalling is involved in crucial aspects of myocardial biology, from fibrosis to hypertrophy and oxidative stress. Importantly, non-canonical WNT signalling activation has complex effects in adipose tissue in the context of obesity, thereby potentially linking metabolic and vascular diseases. Tissue-specific targeting of non-canonical WNT signalling might be associated with substantial risks of off-target tumorigenesis, challenging its therapeutic potential. However, novel technologies, such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant decoy receptors, tissue-specific gene silencing with small interfering RNAs and gene editing with CRISPR-Cas9, might enable more efficient therapeutic targeting of WNT signalling in the cardiovascular system. In this Review, we summarize the components of non-canonical WNT signalling, their links with the main mechanisms of atherosclerosis, heart failure and arrhythmias, and the rationale for targeting individual components of non-canonical WNT signalling for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Murray Polkinghorne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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11
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Sanabria-de la Torre R, García-Fontana C, González-Salvatierra S, Andújar-Vera F, Martínez-Heredia L, García-Fontana B, Muñoz-Torres M. The Contribution of Wnt Signaling to Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136995. [PMID: 35805996 PMCID: PMC9266892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These vascular abnormalities result in a chronic hyperglycemic state, which influences many signaling molecular pathways that initially lead to increased oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, leading to both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction represents the initial stage in both types of vascular complications; it represents “mandatory damage” in the development of microvascular complications and only “introductory damage” in the development of macrovascular complications. Increasing scientific evidence has revealed an important role of the Wnt pathway in the pathophysiology of the vascular wall. It is well known that the Wnt pathway is altered in patients with T2DM. This review aims to be an update of the current literature related to the Wnt pathway molecules that are altered in patients with T2DM, which may also be the cause of damage to the vasculature. Both microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease) are analyzed. This review aims to concisely concentrate all the evidence to facilitate the view on the vascular involvement of the Wnt pathway and its components by highlighting the importance of exploring possible therapeutic strategy for patients with T2DM who develop vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.-F.); (B.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-958023460 (C.G.-F.)
| | - Sheila González-Salvatierra
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco Andújar-Vera
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI Institute), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Heredia
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.-F.); (B.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-958023460 (C.G.-F.)
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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LRP6 Receptor Plays Essential Functions in Development and Human Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010120. [PMID: 35052459 PMCID: PMC8775365 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LRP6 is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily of cell-surface receptors. It is required for the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. LRP6 is detected in different tissue types and is involved in numerous biological activities such as cell proliferation, specification, metastatic cancer, and embryonic development. LRP6 is essential for the proper development of different organs in vertebrates, such as Xenopus laevis, chickens, and mice. In human, LRP6 overexpression and mutations have been reported in multiple complex diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancers. Clinical studies have shown that LRP6 is involved in various kinds of cancer, such as bladder and breast cancer. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the structure of LRP6 and its interactions with Wnt inhibitors (DKK1, SOST). We also discuss the expression of LRP6 in different model systems, with emphasis on its function in development and human diseases.
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13
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Coban N, Ozuynuk AS, Erkan AF, Guclu-Geyik F, Ekici B. Levels of miR-130b-5p in peripheral blood are associated with severity of coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7719-7732. [PMID: 34689283 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have a high mortality rate, the pathogenesis of CAD is still poorly understood. During the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as new, potential diagnostic biomarkers in several diseases, including CAD. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of miRNAs in individuals with CAD and non-CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS The Agilent's microarray analyses were performed to compare the whole blood miRNA profile of selected individuals with severe CAD (n = 12, ≥ 90% stenosis) and non-CAD (n = 12, ≤ 20 stenosis). Expressions of selected differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were analyzed for validation in individuals with critical CAD (n = 50) and non-CAD (n = 43) using real-time PCR. Target prediction tools were utilized to identify miRNA target genes. We identified 6 DEMs that were downregulated in CAD patients, which included hsa-miR-18a-3p and hsa-miR-130b-5p, that were analyzed for further testing. Expression levels of hsa-miR-130b-5p were found negatively correlated with SYNTAX score and stenosis in female CAD patients (p < 0.05). In addition, both miRNAs were found positively correlated with plasma HDL and inversely correlated with fasting triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). In linear regression analysis adjusted for several confounders, the correlations have remained statistically significant. Computational prediction of target genes indicated a relevant role of hsa-miR-130b-5p and hsa-miR-18a-3p in modulating the expression of genes associated with cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight a significantly different pattern of miRNA expression in CAD patients in microarray results. Hsa-miR-18a-3p and hsa-miR-130b-5p might serve as biomarkers of CAD development and progression and warrant further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Coban
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aybike Sena Ozuynuk
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aycan Fahri Erkan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Guclu-Geyik
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ekici
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Jeong W, Jho EH. Regulation of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein LRP6 and Its Association With Disease: Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714330. [PMID: 34589484 PMCID: PMC8473786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays crucial roles in development and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation leads to various diseases, notably cancer. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is initiated when the glycoprotein Wnt binds to and forms a ternary complex with the Frizzled and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6). Despite being identified as a Wnt co-receptor over 20 years ago, the molecular mechanisms governing how LRP6 senses Wnt and transduces downstream signaling cascades are still being deciphered. Due to its role as one of the main Wnt signaling components, the dysregulation or mutation of LRP6 is implicated in several diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome and skeletal disease. Herein, we will review how LRP6 is activated by Wnt stimulation and explore the various regulatory mechanisms involved. The participation of LRP6 in other signaling pathways will also be discussed. Finally, the relationship between LRP6 dysregulation and disease will be examined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Jeong
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Li J, Zhou L, Ouyang X, He P. Transcription Factor-7-Like-2 (TCF7L2) in Atherosclerosis: A Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:701279. [PMID: 34568447 PMCID: PMC8459927 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.701279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor-7-like-2 (TCF7L2), a vital member of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family, plays an important role in normal human physiological and pathological processes. TCF7L2 exhibits multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects through the activation of specific molecular mechanisms, including regulation of metabolic homeostasis, macrophage polarization, and neointimal hyperplasia. A single-nucleotide substitution of TCF7L2, rs7903146, is a genetic high-risk factor for type 2 diabetes and indicates susceptibility to cardiovascular disease as a link between metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the anti-atherosclerosis effect and novel mechanisms underlying the function of TCF7L2 to elucidate its potential as an anti-atherosclerosis biomarker and provide a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinping Ouyang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Pingping He
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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16
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Regulatory variants in TCF7L2 are associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1578-1589. [PMID: 34265237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is characterized by dilation of the aortic root or ascending/descending aorta. TAA is a heritable disease that can be potentially life threatening. While 10%-20% of TAA cases are caused by rare, pathogenic variants in single genes, the origin of the majority of TAA cases remains unknown. A previous study implicated common variants in FBN1 with TAA disease risk. Here, we report a genome-wide scan of 1,351 TAA-affected individuals and 18,295 control individuals from the Cardiovascular Health Improvement Project and Michigan Genomics Initiative at the University of Michigan. We identified a genome-wide significant association with TAA for variants within the third intron of TCF7L2 following replication with meta-analysis of four additional independent cohorts. Common variants in this locus are the strongest known genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Although evidence indicates the presence of different causal variants for TAA and type 2 diabetes at this locus, we observed an opposite direction of effect. The genetic association for TAA colocalizes with an aortic eQTL of TCF7L2, suggesting a functional relationship. These analyses predict an association of higher expression of TCF7L2 with TAA disease risk. In vitro, we show that upregulation of TCF7L2 is associated with BCL2 repression promoting vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, a key driver of TAA disease.
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17
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Wang F, Zhen Y, Si C, Wang C, Pan L, Chen Y, Liu X, Kong J, Nie Q, Sun M, Han Y, Ye Z, Liu P, Wen J. WNT5B promotes vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation via mitochondrial dynamics regulation in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:789-803. [PMID: 34368954 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is characterized by proliferative vascular remodeling. Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching is crucial to this process, highlighting the need for VSMC metabolic changes to cover cellular energy demand in CTEPH. We report that elevated Wnt family member 5B (WNT5B) expression is associated with vascular remodeling and promotes VSMC phenotype switching via mitochondrial dynamics regulation in CTEPH. Using primary culture of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, we show that high WNT5B expression activates VSMC proliferation and migration and results in mitochondrial fission via noncanonical Wnt signaling in CTEPH. Abnormal VSMC proliferation and migration were abolished by mitochondrial division inhibitor 1, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission. Secreted frizzled-related protein 2, a soluble scavenger of Wnt signaling, attenuates VSMC proliferation and migration by accelerating mitochondrial fusion. These findings indicate that WNT5B is an essential regulator of mitochondrial dynamics, contributing to VSMC phenotype switching in CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Zhen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaozeng Si
- Department of Operations and Information Management, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lin Pan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiangqiang Nie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyan Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Rattanatham R, Settasatian N, Komanasin N, Kukongviriyapan U, Sawanyawisuth K, Intharaphet P, Senthong V, Settasatian C. Association of Combined TCF7L2 and KCNQ1 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetic Micro- and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:578-593. [PMID: 33752320 PMCID: PMC8369220 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular complications are the major morbid consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1), and inwardly-rectifying potassium channel, subfamily J, member 11 gene (KCNJ11) are common T2DM susceptibility genes in various populations. However, the associations between polymorphisms in these genes and diabetic complications are controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined gene-polymorphisms within TCF7L2, KCNQ1, and KCNJ11 on vascular complications in Thai subjects with T2DM. METHODS We conducted a case-control study comprising 960 T2DM patients and 740 non-diabetes controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in TCF7L2, KCNQ1, and KCNJ11 were genotyped and evaluated for their association with diabetic vascular complications. RESULTS The gene variants TCF7L2 rs290487-T, KCNQ1 rs2237892-C, and KCNQ1 rs2237897-C were associated with increased risk of T2DM. TCF7L2 rs7903146-C, TCF7L2 rs290487-C, KCNQ1 rs2237892-T, and KCNQ1 rs2237897-T revealed an association with hypertension. The specific combination of risk-alleles that have effects on T2DM and hypertension, TCF7L2 rs7903146-C, KCNQ1 rs2237892-C, and KCNQ1 rs2237897-T, as genetic risk score (GRS), pronounced significant association with coronary artery disease (CAD), cumulative nephropathy and CAD, and cumulative microvascular and macrovascular complications (respective odds ratios [ORs] with 95% confidence interval [95% CI], comparing between GRS 2-3 and GRS 5-6, were 7.31 [2.03 to 26.35], 3.92 [1.75 to 8.76], and 2.33 [1.13 to 4.79]). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated, for the first time, the effect conferred by specific combined genetic variants in TCF7L2 and KCNQ1 on diabetic vascular complications, predominantly with nephropathy and CAD. Such a specific pattern of gene variant combination may implicate in the progression of T2DM and life-threatening vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujikorn Rattanatham
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nongnuch Settasatian
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nantarat Komanasin
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Phongsak Intharaphet
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Queen Sirikit Heart Center of the Northeast, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vichai Senthong
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Queen Sirikit Heart Center of the Northeast, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chatri Settasatian
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Corresponding author: Chatri Settasatian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-8700 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Rd, Muang Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand E-mail:
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19
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Nie X, Wei X, Ma H, Fan L, Chen WD. The complex role of Wnt ligands in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6479-6495. [PMID: 34042263 PMCID: PMC8278111 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major chronic diseases, whose prevalence is increasing dramatically worldwide and can lead to a range of serious complications. Wnt ligands (Wnts) and their activating Wnt signalling pathways are closely involved in the regulation of various processes that are important for the occurrence and progression of T2DM and related complications. However, our understanding of their roles in these diseases is quite rudimentary due to the numerous family members of Wnts and conflicting effects via activating the canonical and/or non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the expression pattern and exact role of each human Wnt in T2DM and related complications, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11 and Wnt16. Moreover, the role of main antagonists (sFRPs and WIF-1) and coreceptor (LRP6) of Wnts in T2DM and related complications and main challenges in designing Wnt-based therapeutic approaches for these diseases are discussed. We hope a deep understanding of the mechanistic links between Wnt signalling pathways and diabetic-related diseases will ultimately result in a better management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Han Ma
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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20
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Liu J, Zhou Y, Hu X, Yang J, Lei Q, Liu W, Han H, Li F, Cao D. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Profile of Long Non-coding RNAs During Chicken Muscle Development. Front Physiol 2021; 12:660370. [PMID: 34040544 PMCID: PMC8141850 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.660370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental complexity of muscle arises from elaborate gene regulation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in muscle development through the regulation of transcription and post-transcriptional gene expression. In chickens, previous studies have focused on the lncRNA profile during the embryonic periods, but there are no studies that explore the profile from the embryonic to post-hatching period. Here, we reconstructed 14,793 lncRNA transcripts and identified 2,858 differentially expressed lncRNA transcripts and 4,282 mRNAs from 12-day embryos (E12), 17-day embryos (E17), 1-day post-hatch chicks (D1), 14-day post-hatch chicks (D14), 56-day post-hatch chicks (D56), and 98-day post-hatch chicks (D98), based on our published RNA-seq datasets. We performed co-expression analysis for the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, using STEM, and identified two profiles with opposite expression trends: profile 4 with a downregulated pattern and profile 21 with an upregulated pattern. The cis- and trans-regulatory interactions between the lncRNAs and mRNAs were predicted within each profile. Functional analysis of the lncRNA targets showed that lncRNAs in profile 4 contributed to the cell proliferation process, while lncRNAs in profile 21 were mainly involved in metabolism. Our work highlights the lncRNA profiles involved in the development of chicken breast muscle and provides a foundation for further experiments on the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jingchao Yang
- Shandong Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxia Lei
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Haixia Han
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dingguo Cao
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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21
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Zhang Z, Xu L, Xu X. The role of transcription factor 7-like 2 in metabolic disorders. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13166. [PMID: 33615650 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family, generally forms a complex with β-catenin to regulate the downstream target genes as an effector of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. TCF7L2 plays a vital role in various biological processes and functions in many organs and tissues, including the liver, islet and adipose tissues. Further, TCF7L2 down-regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and promotes lipid accumulation. In islets, TCF7L2 not only affects the insulin secretion of the β-cells but also has an impact on other cells. In addition, TCF7L2 influences adipogenesis in adipose tissues. Thus, an out-of-control TCF7L2 expression can result in metabolic disorders. The TCF7L2 gene is composed of 17 exons, generating 13 different transcripts, and has many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The discovery that these SNPs have an impact on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has attracted thorough investigations in the study of TCF7L2. Apart from T2D, TCF7L2 SNPs are also associated with type 1, posttransplant and other types of diabetes. Furthermore, TCF7L2 variants affect the progression of other disorders, such as obesity, cancers, metabolic syndrome and heart diseases. Finally, the interaction between TCF7L2 variants and diet also needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Weerackoon N, Gunawardhana KL, Mani A. Wnt Signaling Cascades and Their Role in Coronary Artery Health and Disease. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2021; 2:52-62. [PMID: 33969358 PMCID: PMC8098721 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.2.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling is classified as two distinct pathways of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and the non-canonical pathways of planar cell polarity and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways. However, the scientific discoveries in recent years have shown that canonical and non-canonical Wnts pathways are intertwined and have complex interaction with other major signaling pathways such as hedgehog, Hippo and TOR signaling. Wnt signaling plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration during embryonic development. The impairment of these pathways during embryonic development often leads to major congenital defects. In adult organisms Wnt expression is more restricted to proliferating tissues, where it plays a key role in tissue regeneration. In addition, the disruption of homeostatic processes of multicellular organisms may give rise to reactivation and/or altered activation of Wnt signaling, leading to development of malignant tumors and chronic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and adult cardiovascular diseases. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the world. The disease is the consequences of two distinct disease processes: Atherosclerosis, a primarily inflammatory disease and plaque erosion, a disease process associated with endothelial cell defect and smooth muscle proliferation with only modest contribution of inflammatory cells. The atherosclerosis is itself a multifactorial disease that is initiated by lipid deposition and endothelial dysfunction, triggering vascular inflammation via recruitment and aggregation of monocytes and their transformation to foam cell by the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), culminating in an atheromatous plaque core formation. Further accumulation of lipids, infiltration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and extracellular matrix deposition result in intimal hyperplasia. Myocardial infarction is the ultimate consequence of these processes and is caused by plaque rupture and hypercoagulation. In vivo studies have established the role of the Wnt pathway in all phases of atherosclerosis development, though much remains unknown or controversial. Less is known about the mechanisms that induce plaque erosion. The limited evidence in mouse models of Wnt coreceptor LRP6 mutation and heterozygous TCF7L2 knock out mice implicate altered Wnt signaling also in the pathogenesis of plaque erosion. In this article we focus and review the role of the Wnt pathway in CAD pathophysiology from clinical and experimental standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadisha Weerackoon
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kushan L Gunawardhana
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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23
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Mineo C. Lipoprotein receptor signalling in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1254-1274. [PMID: 31834409 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The founding member of the lipoprotein receptor family, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a major role in the atherogenesis through the receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL particles and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Since the discovery of the LDLR, many other structurally and functionally related receptors have been identified, which include low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)1, LRP5, LRP6, very low-density lipoprotein receptor, and apolipoprotein E receptor 2. The scavenger receptor family members, on the other hand, constitute a family of pattern recognition proteins that are structurally diverse and recognize a wide array of ligands, including oxidized LDL. Among these are cluster of differentiation 36, scavenger receptor class B type I and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1. In addition to the initially assigned role as a mediator of the uptake of macromolecules into the cell, a large number of studies in cultured cells and in in vivo animal models have revealed that these lipoprotein receptors participate in signal transduction to modulate cellular functions. This review highlights the signalling pathways by which these receptors influence the process of atherosclerosis development, focusing on their roles in the vascular cells, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and platelets. Human genetics of the receptors is also discussed to further provide the relevance to cardiovascular disease risks in humans. Further knowledge of the vascular biology of the lipoprotein receptors and their ligands will potentially enhance our ability to harness the mechanism to develop novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA
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24
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Pashova A, Work LM, Nicklin SA. The role of extracellular vesicles in neointima formation post vascular injury. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109783. [PMID: 32956789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathological neointimal growth can develop in patients as a result of vascular injury following percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting using autologous saphenous vein, leading to arterial or vein graft occlusion. Neointima formation driven by intimal hyperplasia occurs as a result of a complex interplay between molecular and cellular processes involving different cell types including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and various inflammatory cells. Therefore, understanding the intercellular communication mechanisms underlying this process remains of fundamental importance in order to develop therapeutic strategies to preserve endothelial integrity and vascular health post coronary interventions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, are membrane-bound particles secreted by cells which mediate intercellular signalling in physiological and pathophysiological states, however their role in neointima formation is not fully understood. The purification and characterization techniques currently used in the field are associated with many limitations which significantly hinder the ability to comprehensively study the role of specific EV types and make direct functional comparisons between EV subpopulations. In this review, the current knowledge focusing on EV signalling in neointima formation post vascular injury is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pashova
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L M Work
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S A Nicklin
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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25
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Rakipovski G, Rolin B, Barascuk N, Lund HE, Bjørn Bonde MF, Djordjevic D, Wulff-Larsen PG, Petersen M, Kirk RK, Hultman K, Manfe V, Blume N, Zahn S, Lengquist M, Maegdefessel L, Hovingh GK, Conde-Knape K, Hedin U, Matic L, Nyberg M. A neutralizing antibody against DKK1 does not reduce plaque formation in classical murine models of atherosclerosis: Is the therapeutic potential lost in translation? Atherosclerosis 2020; 314:1-9. [PMID: 33129080 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clinical interventions targeting nonlipid risk factors are needed given the high residual risk of atherothrombotic events despite effective control of dyslipidemia. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) plays a lipid-independent role in vascular pathophysiology but its involvement in atherosclerosis development and its therapeutic attractiveness remain to be established. METHODS Patient data, in vitro studies and pharmacological intervention in murine models of atherosclerosis were utilized. RESULTS In patients' material (n = 127 late stage plaque specimens and n = 10 control vessels), DKK1 mRNA was found to be higher in atherosclerotic plaques versus control arteries. DKK1 protein was detected in the luminal intimal area and in the necrotic core of plaques. DKK1 was released from isolated primary human platelets (~12 - 21-fold) and endothelial cells (~1.4-2.5-fold) upon stimulation with different pathophysiological stimuli. In ApoE-/- and Ldlr-/- mice, plasma DKK1 concentrations were similar to those observed in humans, whereas DKK1 expression in different atheroprone arterial segments was very low/absent. Chronic treatment with a neutralizing DKK1 antibody effectively reduced plasma concentrations, however, plaque lesion area was not reduced in ApoE-/- and Ldlr-/- mice fed a western diet for 14 and 16 weeks. Anti-DKK1 treatment increased bone volume and bone mineral content. CONCLUSIONS Functional inhibition of DKK1 with an antibody does not alter atherosclerosis progression in classical murine models. This may reflect the absence of DKK1 expression in plaques and more advanced animal disease models could be needed to evaluate the role and therapeutic attractiveness of DKK1 in late stage complications such as plaque destabilization, calcification, rupture and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bidda Rolin
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maj Petersen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Karin Hultman
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Valentina Manfe
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Niels Blume
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Chief Medical Office, Novo Nordisk A/S, Soeborg, Denmark; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark.
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26
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Liu Y, Neogi A, Mani A. The role of Wnt signalling in development of coronary artery disease and its risk factors. Open Biol 2020; 10:200128. [PMID: 33081636 PMCID: PMC7653355 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signalling pathways are composed of a highly conserved cascade of events that govern cell differentiation, apoptosis and cell orientation. Three major and distinct Wnt signalling pathways have been characterized: the canonical Wnt pathway (or Wnt/β-catenin pathway), the non-canonical planar cell polarity pathway and the non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. Altered Wnt signalling pathway has been associated with diverse diseases such as disorders of bone density, different malignancies, cardiac malformations and heart failure. Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart disease in the United States. Atherosclerosis is a multi-step pathological process, which starts with lipid deposition and endothelial cell dysfunction, triggering inflammatory reactions, followed by recruitment and aggregation of monocytes. Subsequently, monocytes differentiate into tissue-resident macrophages and transform into foam cells by the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein. Meanwhile, further accumulations of lipids, infiltration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and deposition of the extracellular matrix occur under the intima. An atheromatous plaque or hyperplasia of the intima and media is eventually formed, resulting in luminal narrowing and reduced blood flow to the myocardium, leading to chest pain, angina and even myocardial infarction. The Wnt pathway participates in all different stages of this process, from endothelial dysfunction to lipid deposit, and from initial inflammation to plaque formation. Here, we focus on the role of Wnt cascade in pathophysiological mechanisms that take part in coronary artery disease from both clinical and experimental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Arpita Neogi
- Yale Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Yale Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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27
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LRP6 downregulation promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. Cell Res 2020; 31:450-462. [PMID: 32973339 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart is thought to be a terminally differentiated organ given the postmitotic nature of cardiomyocytes. Consequently, the potential for cardiac repair through cardiomyocyte proliferation is extremely limited. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) is a Wnt co-receptor that is required for embryonic heart development. In this study we investigated the role of LRP6 in heart repair through regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Lrp6 deficiency increased cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in neonatal, juvenile and adult mice. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Lrp6 in the mouse heart induced a robust regenerative response after myocardial infarction (MI), led to reduced MI area and improvement in left ventricular systolic function. In vivo genetic lineage tracing revealed that the newly formed cardiomyocytes in Lrp6-deficient mouse hearts after MI were mainly derived from resident cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we found that the pro-proliferative effect of Lrp6 deficiency was mediated by the ING5/P21 signaling pathway. Gene therapy using the adeno-associated virus (AAV)9 miRNAi-Lrp6 construct promoted the repair of heart injury in mice. Lrp6 deficiency also induced the proliferation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Our study identifies LRP6 as a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation, which may lead to the development of a novel molecular strategy to promote myocardial regeneration and repair.
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28
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He LH, Gao JH, Yu XH, Wen FJ, Luo JJ, Qin YS, Chen MX, Zhang DW, Wang ZB, Tang CK. Artesunate inhibits atherosclerosis by upregulating vascular smooth muscle cells-derived LPL expression via the KLF2/NRF2/TCF7L2 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173408. [PMID: 32739175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a central role in hydrolyzing triglyceride and its deficiency leads to atherosclerosis. Artesunate (ART), a derivative of artemisinin, has been demonstrated that ART reduces the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. However, it remains unclear whether ART-alleviated atherosclerotic lesion is involved in regulating lipid metabolism. ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet to form atherosclerotic plaques and then injected with artesunate or not. Oil Red O, HE and Masson staining were performed to assess atherosclerotic plaques. Both Western blot and qRT-PCR were applied to detect protein expression. The Luciferase reporter gene and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to assess the interaction between proteins. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to show the localization of target proteins. In vitro, our data shown that ART increased LPL expression and inhibition of NRF2 blocked the binding of TCF7L2 to LPL promoter region in VSMCs. Downregulated Klf2 could decrease the nuclear enrichment of NRF2, TCF7L2 and LPL expression. In vivo, ART decreased atherosclerotic plaque formation and increased VSMC counts and LPL expression within atherosclerotic plaques. We observed the reduced tendency of serum lipids, and increased in serum LPL activity in mice. In support of vitro data, the markedly increased KLF2, TCF7L2 and LPL expression have been detected in aorta. Our study suggests that ART may be a novel therapeutic drug for inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque formation. The molecular mechanism may involve in upregulation of LPL expression via the KLF2/NRF2/TCF7L2 pathway in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hao He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jia-Hui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Wen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jing-Jing Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Qin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ming-Xin Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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29
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Rondon-Galeano M, Skoczylas R, Bower NI, Simons C, Gordon E, Francois M, Koltowska K, Hogan BM. MAFB modulates the maturation of lymphatic vascular networks in mice. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1201-1216. [PMID: 32525258 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic vessels play key roles in tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking and in diverse disease settings. Lymphangiogenesis requires lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) differentiation, proliferation, migration, and co-ordinated network formation, yet the transcriptional regulators underpinning these processes remain to be fully understood. The transcription factor MAFB was recently identified as essential for lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish and in cultured human LECs. MAFB is activated in response to VEGFC-VEGFR3 signaling and acts as a downstream effector. However, it remains unclear if the role of MAFB in lymphatic development is conserved in the mammalian embryo. RESULTS We generated a Mafb loss-of-function mouse using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Mafb mutant mice presented with perinatal lethality associated with cyanosis. We identify a role for MAFB in modifying lymphatic network morphogenesis in the developing dermis, as well as developing and postnatal diaphragm. Furthermore, mutant vessels displayed excessive smooth muscle cell coverage, suggestive of a defect in the maturation of lymphatic networks. CONCLUSIONS This work confirms a conserved role for MAFB in murine lymphatics that is subtle and modulatory and may suggest redundancy in MAF family transcription factors during lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rondon-Galeano
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renae Skoczylas
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neil I Bower
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Gordon
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6-mediated signaling pathways and associated cardiovascular diseases: diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. Hum Genet 2020; 139:447-459. [PMID: 32076828 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) family and accumulating evidence points to the critical role of LRP6 in cardiovascular health and homeostasis. In addition to presenting the well-appreciated roles in canonical signaling regulating blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, cardiac valve disease, cardiac development, Alzheimer's disease and tumorigenesis, LRP6 also inhibits non-canonical Wnt signals that promote arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular calcification. Noticeably, the role of LRP6 is displayed in cardiometabolic disease, an increasingly important clinical burden with aging and obesity. The prospect for cardiovascular diseases treatment via targeting LRP6-mediated signaling pathways may improve central blood pressure and lipid metabolism, and reduce neointima formation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, a deep and comprehensive understanding of LRP6 structure, function and signaling pathways will contribute to clinical diagnosis, therapy and new drug development for LRP6-related cardiovascular diseases.
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31
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Kuipers AL, Miljkovic I, Barinas-Mitchell E, Nestlerode CS, Cvejkus RK, Wheeler VW, Zhang Y, Zmuda JM. Wnt Pathway Gene Expression Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014170. [PMID: 32013702 PMCID: PMC7033870 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Animal and in vitro experiments implicate the Wnt pathway in cardiac development, fibrosis, vascular calcification, and atherosclerosis, but research in humans is lacking. We examined peripheral blood Wnt pathway gene expression and arterial stiffness in 369 healthy African ancestry men (mean age, 64 years). Methods and Results Gene expression was assessed using a custom Nanostring nCounter gene expression panel (N=43 genes) and normalized to housekeeping genes and background signal. Arterial stiffness was assessed via brachial‐ankle pulse‐wave velocity. Fourteen Wnt genes showed detectable expression and were tested individually as predictors of pulse‐wave velocity using linear regression, adjusting for age, height, weight, blood pressure, medication use, resting heart rate, current smoking, alcohol intake, and sedentary lifestyle. Adenomatous polyposis coli regulator of Wnt signaling pathway (APC), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3B), and transcription factor 4 (TCF4) were significantly associated with arterial stiffness (P<0.05 for all). When entered into a single model, APC and TCF4 expression remained independently associated with arterial stiffness (P=0.04 and 0.003, respectively), and each explained ≈3% of the variance in pulse‐wave velocity. Conclusions The current study establishes a novel association between in vivo expression of the Wnt pathway genes, APC and TCF4, with arterial stiffness in African ancestry men, a population at high risk of hypertensive vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | | | | | - Ryan K Cvejkus
- Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | | | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
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32
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Rogers MA, Aikawa E. Cardiovascular calcification: artificial intelligence and big data accelerate mechanistic discovery. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 16:261-274. [PMID: 30531869 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is a health disorder with increasing prevalence and high morbidity and mortality. The only available therapeutic options for calcific vascular and valvular heart disease are invasive transcatheter procedures or surgeries that do not fully address the wide spectrum of these conditions; therefore, an urgent need exists for medical options. Cardiovascular calcification is an active process, which provides a potential opportunity for effective therapeutic targeting. Numerous biological processes are involved in calcific disease, including matrix remodelling, transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium and phosphate signalling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid and mineral metabolism, autophagy, inflammation, apoptosis, loss of mineralization inhibition, impaired mineral resorption, cellular senescence and extracellular vesicles that act as precursors of microcalcification. Advances in molecular imaging and big data technology, including in multiomics and network medicine, and the integration of these approaches are helping to provide a more comprehensive map of human disease. In this Review, we discuss ectopic calcification processes in the cardiovascular system, with an emphasis on emerging mechanistic knowledge obtained through patient data and advances in imaging methods, experimental models and multiomics-generated big data. We also highlight the potential and challenges of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning to integrate imaging and mechanistic data for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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33
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Ku EJ, Won GW, Lee YH, Lee DH, Jeon HJ, Oh TK. Genetic variation in TCF7L2 rs7903146 correlating with peripheral arterial disease in long-standing type 2 diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2020; 17:1479164119888475. [PMID: 31775533 PMCID: PMC7510358 DOI: 10.1177/1479164119888475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) rs7903146 polymorphism and peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes. METHODS In total, 1818 Korean type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled from January 2013 to December 2017. Subjects were categorized into two groups according to their duration of type 2 diabetes: long (⩾10 years, n = 771) and short (<10 years, n = 1047) durations. A multivariate logistic regression model was used for assuming an additive effect on peripheral arterial disease for the presence of a variant allele in TCF7L2 rs7903146. RESULTS The frequency of the minor T-allele was 7.6% (n = 139), and this allele was significantly associated with a 2.6-fold higher risk of peripheral arterial disease (odds ratio = 2.595, 95% confidence interval = 1.177-5.722, p = 0.018) in patients exhibiting a long duration of type 2 diabetes (⩾10 years). This result was significant after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, familial history of diabetes, smoking, duration of diabetes and laboratory measurements, which included glycated haemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and lipid profiles. In patients with diabetes < 10 years, there was no significant association between TCF7L2 rs7903146 and peripheral arterial disease (odds ratio = 1.233, 95% confidence interval = 0.492-3.093, p = 0.655). CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that genetic variation in TCF7L2 rs7903146 could increase risk for peripheral arterial disease in patients exhibiting long-standing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk
National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Woo Won
- Department of Biochemistry, College of
Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of
Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk
National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk
National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Keun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk
National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of
Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Tae Keun Oh, Department of Internal Medicine,
College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Srivastava R, Rolyan H, Xie Y, Li N, Bhat N, Hong L, Esteghamat F, Adeniran A, Geirsson A, Zhang J, Ge G, Nobrega M, Martin KA, Mani A. TCF7L2 (Transcription Factor 7-Like 2) Regulation of GATA6 (GATA-Binding Protein 6)-Dependent and -Independent Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Intimal Hyperplasia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:250-262. [PMID: 30567484 PMCID: PMC6365015 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7-like 2) is a Wnt-regulated transcription factor that maintains stemness and promotes proliferation in embryonic tissues and adult stem cells. Mice with a coronary artery disease–linked mutation in Wnt-coreceptor LRP6 (LDL receptor-related protein 6) exhibit vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation and obstructive coronary artery disease, which are paradoxically associated with reduced TCF7L2 expression. We conducted a comprehensive study to explore the role of TCF7L2 in vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation and protection against intimal hyperplasia. Approach and Results— Using multiple mouse models, we demonstrate here that TCF7L2 promotes differentiation and inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. TCF7L2 accomplishes these effects by stabilization of GATA6 (GATA-binding protein 6) and upregulation of SM-MHC (smooth muscle cell myosin heavy chain) and cell cycle inhibitors. Accordingly, TCF7L2 haploinsufficient mice exhibited increased susceptibility to injury-induced hyperplasia, while mice overexpressing TCF7L2 were protected against injury-induced intimal hyperplasia compared with wild-type littermates. Consequently, the overexpression of TCF7L2 in LRP6 mutant mice rescued the injury-induced intimal hyperplasia. Conclusions— Our novel findings imply cell type-specific functional role of TCF7L2 and provide critical insight into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Srivastava
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Harshvardhan Rolyan
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yi Xie
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Na Li
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Neha Bhat
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lingjuan Hong
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Fatemehsadat Esteghamat
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Arnar Geirsson
- Department of Surgery (A.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Guanghao Ge
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Marcelo Nobrega
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (M.N.)
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Arya Mani
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center (R.S., H.R., Y.X., N.L., N,B., L.H., F.E., J.Z., G.G., K.A.M., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Genetics (A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Sun Z, Pang S, Cui Y, Yan B. Genetic and Functional Variants Analysis of the GATA6 Gene Promoter in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Genet 2019; 10:1100. [PMID: 31781165 PMCID: PMC6851265 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) which is a specific type of coronary artery disease (CAD), is caused by the combination of genetic factors and acquired environment. Although some common genetic variations have been recorded to contribute to the development of CAD and AMI, more genetic factors and potential molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The GATA6 gene is expressed in the heart during embryogenesis and is also detected in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), different human primary endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular ECs in mice. To date, no studies have directly linked GATA6 gene with regulation of the CAD. Methods: In this study, we used a case-control study to investigate and analyze the genetic variations and functional variations of the GATA6 gene promoter region in AMI patients and controls. A variety of statistical analysis methods were utilized to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AMI. Functional analysis of DNA sequence variants (DSVs) was performed using a dual luciferase reporter assay. In vitro, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was selected to examine DNA-protein interactions. Results: A total of 705 subjects were enrolled in the study. Ten DSVs were found in AMI patients (n = 352) and controls (n = 353), including seven SNPs. One novel heterozygous DSV, (g.22168409 A > G), and two SNPs, [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760) and g.22168521 G > T(rs1445501474)], were reported in three AMI patients, which were not found in controls. The relevant statistical analysis, including allele and genotype frequencies between AMI patients and controls, five genetic models, linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis, and SNP–SNP interactions, suggested no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The transcriptional activity of GATA6 gene promoter was significantly increased by the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)]. The EMSA revealed that the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)] evidently influenced the binding of transcription factors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)] may increase GATA6 levels in both HEK-293 and H9c2 cell lines by affecting the binding of transcription factors. Whether the two variants identified in the GATA6 gene promoter can promote the development and progression of human AMI by altering GATA6 levels still requires further studies to verify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Sun
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Resveratrol targeting the Wnt signaling pathway: A focus on therapeutic activities. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4135-4145. [PMID: 31637721 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway is considered as an important pathway regulating a variety of biological processes such as tissue formation and homeostasis, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and embryogenesis. Impairment in the Wnt signaling pathway is associated with pathological conditions, particularly cancer. So, modulation of this pathway can be considered as a promising strategy and several drugs have been developed in line with this strategy. Resveratrol (Res) is a naturally occurring nutraceutical compound exclusively found in different fruits and nuts such as grape, peanut, and pistachio. This compound has favorable biological and therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic. At the present review, we demonstrate how Res modulates Wnt signaling pathway to exert its pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies over the past 3 decades have uncovered a multitude of signaling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. From these studies, signaling by proteins of the Wnt family has recently emerged as an important player in the development of atherosclerosis. Wnt signaling is characterized by a large number of ligands, receptors, and coreceptors and can be regulated at many different levels. Among Wnt modulators, the evolutionary conserved Dkk (Dickkopf) proteins, and especially Dkk-1, the founding member of the family, are the best characterized. The role of Dkks in the pathophysiology of the arterial wall is only partially understood, but their involvement in atherosclerosis is becoming increasingly evident. This review introduces recent key findings on Dkk proteins and their functions in atherosclerosis and discusses the potential importance of modulating Dkk signaling as part of a novel, improved strategy for preventing and treating atherosclerosis-related diseases.
Visual Overview—
An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Baetta
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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Tong S, Ji Q, Du Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Zhou Y. Sfrp5/Wnt Pathway: A Protective Regulatory System in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:472-482. [PMID: 31199714 PMCID: PMC6660834 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue stores energy and is the largest endocrine organ in the body, producing several adipokines. However, among these adipokines, few play a role in the positive metabolism that promotes good health. Secreted frizzled-related protein (Sfrp)-5, an antagonist that directly binds to Wnt, has attracted interest due to its favorable effects on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This review focuses on Sfrp5 biology and the roles of the Sfrp5/Wnt system in ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tong
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, 12th ward, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- 3Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Du
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, 12th ward, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhu
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, 12th ward, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Caizhong Zhu
- 2Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, 12th ward, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xin H, Wang Z, Wu S, Wang P, Tao X, Xu C, You L. Calcified decellularized arterial scaffolds impact vascular smooth muscle cell transformation via downregulating α-SMA expression and upregulating OPN expression. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:705-710. [PMID: 31281450 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of arterial remodeling (AR) remain unclear. Studies have indicated that decellularized scaffolds stimulate the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and promote the accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study, the impact of ECM changes following AR on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypes was investigated. VSMCs were co-cultured with normal or calcified decellularized arterial scaffolds. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and osteopontin (OPN) were measured at 2, 5, 10, 15 and 21 days following the establishment of the co-culture systems. The expression of α-SMA in the normal co-culture group was significantly increased compared with that in the calcified arterial decellularized scaffold co-culture group (P<0.05 and P<0.001). In addition, the expression of OPN in the AR co-culture group was significantly increased compared with the normal co-culture group (P<0.05 and P<0.001). To conclude, the calcified decellularized arterial scaffolds impact VSMC transformation by downregulating α-SMA expression and upregulating OPN expression (P<0.001). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first study that co-cultured VSMCs with normal or calcified decellularized arterial scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Xin
- Department of Geriatrics, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Shuwu Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tao
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Chenhua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Liling You
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
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Asadipooya K, Weinstock A. Cardiovascular Outcomes of Romosozumab and Protective Role of Alendronate. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1343-1350. [PMID: 31242037 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases are major public health issues. Bone and cardiovascular remodeling share multiple biological markers and pathways. Medical intervention, such as using romosozumab, an antisclerostin antibody, improves the clinical outcome of osteoporosis. However, blocking sclerostin leads to Wnt (wingless/integrated) activation and participation in the cardiovascular remodeling process, which could potentially lead to adverse events. Based on the opposing roles of bisphosphonates and the Wnt pathway on endothelial dysfunction, lipid accumulation and calcification of the vessel walls, the combination of romosozumab and bisphosphonates could be a new therapeutic approach to reducing the risks of adverse cardiovascular events in romosozumab receivers. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Asadipooya
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington (K.A.)
| | - Ada Weinstock
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, and the Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York (A.W.)
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Jia X, Yang Y, Chen Y, Xia Z, Zhang W, Feng Y, Li Y, Tan J, Xu C, Zhang Q, Deng H, Shi X. Multivariate analysis of genome-wide data to identify potential pleiotropic genes for type 2 diabetes, obesity and coronary artery disease using MetaCCA. Int J Cardiol 2019; 283:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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42
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Kang S, Pu JL. WITHDRAWN: Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein 6-mediated Cardiovascular Diseases and associated signaling pathways. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Liu B, Pjanic M, Wang T, Nguyen T, Gloudemans M, Rao A, Castano VG, Nurnberg S, Rader DJ, Elwyn S, Ingelsson E, Montgomery SB, Miller CL, Quertermous T. Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms of Smooth Muscle Cells Map to Coronary Artery Disease Risk Loci. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:377-388. [PMID: 30146127 PMCID: PMC6128252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death globally. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified more than 95 independent loci that influence CAD risk, most of which reside in non-coding regions of the genome. To interpret these loci, we generated transcriptome and whole-genome datasets using human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) from 52 unrelated donors, as well as epigenomic datasets using ATAC-seq on a subset of 8 donors. Through systematic comparison with publicly available datasets from GTEx and ENCODE projects, we identified transcriptomic, epigenetic, and genetic regulatory mechanisms specific to HCASMCs. We assessed the relevance of HCASMCs to CAD risk using transcriptomic and epigenomic level analyses. By jointly modeling eQTL and GWAS datasets, we identified five genes (SIPA1, TCF21, SMAD3, FES, and PDGFRA) that may modulate CAD risk through HCASMCs, all of which have relevant functional roles in vascular remodeling. Comparison with GTEx data suggests that SIPA1 and PDGFRA influence CAD risk predominantly through HCASMCs, while other annotated genes may have multiple cell and tissue targets. Together, these results provide tissue-specific and mechanistic insights into the regulation of a critical vascular cell type associated with CAD in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiang Liu
- Department of Biology, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Gloudemans
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abhiram Rao
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Victor G Castano
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sylvia Nurnberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susannah Elwyn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Biochemistry and Genetics, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Down-regulation of vascular GLP-1 receptor expression in human subjects with obesity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10644. [PMID: 30006590 PMCID: PMC6045606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been thought that incretin signaling prevents arteriosclerosis, and very recently anti-arteriosclerotic effects through GLP-1 receptor were finally demonstrated in clinical human study. The purpose of this study was to investigate how vascular GLP-1 receptor expression is influenced in human subjects. First, we evaluated GLP-1 receptor expression in human arteries in immunostaining. Next, we separated the artery into the intima and media, and evaluated gene expression levels of various factors. We divided the subjects into obesity and non-obesity group and compared their expression levels between them. Finally, we evaluated which factors determine vascular GLP-1 receptor expression. GLP-1 receptor expression in intima and media was lower in obesity group compared to non-obesity group which was correlated with the alteration of TCF7L2 expression. Multiple regression analyses showed that BMI was an independent determining factor for GLP-1 receptor expression in the intima and media. Furthermore, using small interfering RNA method and TCF7L2-EGFP adenovirus, we showed that TCF7L2 was involved in GLP-1 receptor expression in human vascular cells. Taken together, vascular GLP-1 receptor and TCF7L2 expression was significantly down-regulated in human subjects with obesity. In addition, it is likely that TCF7L2 functions as a modulator of vascular GLP-1 receptor expression.
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Abou Ziki MD, Mani A. The interplay of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2018; 70:18-25. [PMID: 30049588 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of inherited metabolic traits, which centers around obesity and insulin resistance and is a major contributor to the growing prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The factors that underlie the association of metabolic traits in this syndrome are poorly understood due to disease heterogeneity and complexity. Genetic studies of kindreds with severe manifestation of metabolic syndrome have led to the identification of casual rare mutations in the LDL receptor-related protein 6, which serves as a co-receptor with frizzled protein receptors for Wnt signaling ligands. Extensive investigations have since unraveled the significance of the Wnt pathways in regulating body mass, glucose metabolism, de novo lipogenesis, low-density lipoprotein clearance, vascular smooth muscle plasticity, liver fat, and liver inflammation. The impaired canonical Wnt signaling observed in the R611C mutation carriers and the ensuing activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling constitute the underlying mechanism for these cardiometabolic abnormalities. Transcription factor 7-like 2 is a key transcription factor activated through LDL receptor-related protein 6 canonical Wnt and reciprocally inhibited by the noncanonical pathway. TC7L2 increases insulin receptor expression, decreases low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride synthesis, and inhibits vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Canonical Wnt also inhibits noncanonical protein kinase C, Ras homolog gene family member A, and Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 activation, thus inhibiting steatohepatitis and transforming growth factor β-mediated extracellular matrix deposition and hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, dysregulation of the highly conserved Wnt signaling pathway underlies the pleiotropy of metabolic traits of the metabolic syndrome and the subsequent end-organ complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maen D Abou Ziki
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Arya Mani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; Deparetment of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510.
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Chen Z, Li Y, Jiang G, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang X, Fang B, Zhang G, Sun Y, Qian J, Gong H, Zou Y. Knockdown of LRP6 activates Drp1 to inhibit survival of cardiomyocytes during glucose deprivation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1408-1414. [PMID: 29864925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) binds to Wnt ligands to transduce signal by stabilization of β-catenin, which has been involved in the regulation of embryonic development and metabolism et al. Here, we observed LRP6 decreased in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and it also decreased in cultured cardiomyocytes under glucose- deprivation (GD). Knockdown of LRP6 greatly inhibited cell viability in cardiomyocytes under GD, but it didn't induce the effect in cardiomyocytes at baseline. Overexpression of LRP6 increased the cell viability in GD-cardiomyocytes. To explore potential molecular mechanisms, we detected the phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1) and active β-catenin in cardiomyocytes under GD. Knockdown of LRP6 enhanced p-Drp1(S616) level while it didn't alter the p-Drp1(S637) and active β-catenin level in GD-cardiomyocytes. Drp1 inhibitor significantly suppressed the increase in p-Drp1 at S616 and improved the cell viability in GD-cardiomyocytes with knockdown of LRP6. Further analysis showed that knockdown of LRP6 also increased the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Drp1 inhibitor greatly inhibited the increase in p-mTOR level in GD-cardiomyocytes. The present study indicated that knockdown of LRP6 inhibited the cell viability by activation of Drp1 in GD-cardiomyocytes, and the phosphorylation of mTOR may be involved in the process. It suggests that LRP6 can prevent cardiomyocytes from death in nutrition-deprived condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoliang Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunjie Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongxin Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Wang G, Li Y, Peng Y, Tang J, Li H. Association of polymorphisms in MALAT1 with risk of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in a Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:75. [PMID: 29631611 PMCID: PMC5891990 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) plays an important role in vascular remodeling. Down-regulation of MALAT1 can inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve left ventricular function, which is closely linked to numerous pathological processes such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in MALAT1 were associated with the susceptibility to CAD. Methods A total of 508 CAD patients and 562 age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Four polymorphisms in MALAT1 (i.e., rs11227209, rs619586, rs664589, and rs3200401) were genotyped using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Results The rs619586 AG/GG genotypes and G allele were associated with a reduced risk of CAD (AG/GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48–0.91; G vs. A: adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.90). Stratification analyses showed that CAD patients with rs11227209 CG/GG, rs619586 AG/GG, and rs3200401 CT/TT genotypes exhibited lower levels of TCH (P = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.02, respectively). Moreover, CGCC haplotype was associated with a decreased risk of CAD (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.16–0.48). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified some independent risk factors for CAD, including rs619586 and rs664589. Subsequent combined analysis showed that the combined genotypes of rs619586AG/GG and rs664589CC were associated with a reduced risk of CAD (OR = 0.29; 95%CI, 0.16–0.53). Conclusions These findings indicate that rs619586AG/GG genotypes in MALAT1 may protect against the occurrence of CAD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0728-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genan Wang
- Department of Heart Vascular Surgery, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxiong Li
- Department of Heart Vascular Surgery, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Heart Vascular Surgery, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Heart Vascular Surgery, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Heart Vascular Surgery, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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Ramachandran B, Stabley JN, Cheng SL, Behrmann AS, Gay A, Li L, Mead M, Kozlitina J, Lemoff A, Mirzaei H, Chen Z, Towler DA. A GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (G3BP1)/antiviral protein relay conveys arteriosclerotic Wnt signals in aortic smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7942-7968. [PMID: 29626090 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In aortic vascular smooth muscle (VSM), the canonical Wnt receptor LRP6 inhibits protein arginine (Arg) methylation, a new component of noncanonical Wnt signaling that stimulates nuclear factor of activated T cells (viz NFATc4). To better understand how methylation mediates these actions, MS was performed on VSM cell extracts from control and LRP6-deficient mice. LRP6-dependent Arg methylation was regulated on >500 proteins; only 21 exhibited increased monomethylation (MMA) with concomitant reductions in dimethylation. G3BP1, a known regulator of arteriosclerosis, exhibited a >30-fold increase in MMA in its C-terminal domain. Co-transfection studies confirm that G3BP1 (G3BP is Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein) methylation is inhibited by LRP6 and that G3BP1 stimulates NFATc4 transcription. NFATc4 association with VSM osteopontin (OPN) and alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) chromatin was increased with LRP6 deficiency and reduced with G3BP1 deficiency. G3BP1 activation of NFATc4 mapped to G3BP1 domains supporting interactions with RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene I), a stimulus for mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) that drives cardiovascular calcification in humans when mutated in Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT2). Gain-of-function SGMRT2/RIG-I mutants increased G3BP1 methylation and synergized with osteogenic transcription factors (Runx2 and NFATc4). A chemical antagonist of G3BP, C108 (C108 is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazide CAS 15533-09-2), down-regulated RIG-I-stimulated G3BP1 methylation, Wnt/NFAT signaling, VSM TNAP activity, and calcification. G3BP1 deficiency reduced RIG-I protein levels and VSM osteogenic programs. Like G3BP1 and RIG-I deficiency, MAVS deficiency reduced VSM osteogenic signals, including TNAP activity and Wnt5-dependent nuclear NFATc4 levels. Aortic calcium accumulation is decreased in MAVS-deficient LDLR-/- mice fed arteriosclerotic diets. The G3BP1/RIG-I/MAVS relay is a component of Wnt signaling. Targeting this relay may help mitigate arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Ramachandran
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - John N Stabley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Su-Li Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Abraham S Behrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Austin Gay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Li Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Megan Mead
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Hamid Mirzaei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.
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Lu W, Li X. Vascular stem/progenitor cells: functions and signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:859-869. [PMID: 28956069 PMCID: PMC11105279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular stem/progenitor cells (VSCs) are an important source of all types of vascular cells needed to build, maintain, repair, and remodel blood vessels. VSCs, therefore, play critical roles in the development, normal physiology, and pathophysiology of numerous diseases. There are four major types of VSCs, including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs), pericytes, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). VSCs can be found in bone marrow, circulating blood, vessel walls, and other extravascular tissues. During the past two decades, considerable progress has been achieved in the understanding of the derivation, surface markers, and differentiation of VSCs. Yet, the mechanisms regulating their functions and maintenance under normal and pathological conditions, such as in eye diseases, remain to be further elucidated. Owing to the essential roles of blood vessels in human tissues and organs, understanding the functional properties and the underlying molecular basis of VSCs is of critical importance for both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuri Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Kimura T, Obata A, Shimoda M, Okauchi S, Hirukawa H, Kohara K, Kinoshita T, Nogami Y, Nakanishi S, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Decreased glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expression in endothelial and smooth muscle cells in diabetic db/db mice: TCF7L2 is a possible regulator of the vascular glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:540-548. [PMID: 28830217 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117725898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Incretin signalling is known to prevent the development of arteriosclerosis by relaxation response in endothelial cells via the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. It remains unclear, however, whether vascular glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expression is altered under some conditions. The aim of this study is to examine whether vascular glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expression is altered by diabetic state as reported in pancreatic β-cells. METHODS We used 18-week-old male diabetic db/db mice and control db/m mice. Excised thoracic artery was specifically collected, and vascular endothelial cells were cultured. We compared the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expression levels between the db/db and db/m mice. RESULTS Metabolic parameters were significantly worse in db/db mice. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor and transcription factor 7-like 2 expression levels in endothelial and smooth muscle cells were significantly lower in db/db mice. Furthermore, siRNA to transcription factor 7-like 2 decreased the transcription factor 7-like 2 levels and such reduction of the transcription factor 7-like 2 resulted in the downregulation of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expressions in cultured vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSION The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expression level was significantly lower under diabetic condition which was accompanied by the reduction of the transcription factor 7-like 2 expression level. Furthermore, the transcription factor 7-like 2 is a possible regulator of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expression in artery as reported in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Kimura
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Obata
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Seizo Okauchi
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hirukawa
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohara
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kinoshita
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yuka Nogami
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakanishi
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- 2 Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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