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He M, Zong X, Xu B, Qi W, Huang W, Djekidel MN, Zhang Y, Pagala VR, Li J, Hao X, Guy C, Bai L, Cross R, Li C, Peng J, Feng Y. Dynamic Foxp3-chromatin interaction controls tunable Treg cell function. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232068. [PMID: 38935023 PMCID: PMC11211070 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor Foxp3 determines regulatory T (Treg) cell fate and function via mechanisms that remain unclear. Here, we investigate the nature of Foxp3-mediated gene regulation in suppressing autoimmunity and antitumor immune response. Contrasting with previous models, we find that Foxp3-chromatin binding is regulated by Treg activation states, tumor microenvironment, and antigen and cytokine stimulations. Proteomics studies uncover dynamic proteins within Foxp3 proximity upon TCR or IL-2 receptor signaling in vitro, reflecting intricate interactions among Foxp3, signal transducers, and chromatin. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown experiments indicate that NFAT and AP-1 protein Batf are required for enhanced Foxp3-chromatin binding in activated Treg cells and tumor-infiltrating Treg cells to modulate target gene expression. Furthermore, mutations at the Foxp3 DNA-binding domain destabilize the Foxp3-chromatin association. These representative settings delineate context-dependent Foxp3-chromatin interaction, suggesting that Foxp3 associates with chromatin by hijacking DNA-binding proteins resulting from Treg activation or differentiation, which is stabilized by direct Foxp3-DNA binding, to dynamically regulate Treg cell function according to immunological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong He
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xinying Zong
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenjun Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vishwajeeth R. Pagala
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Clifford Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard Cross
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structure Biology and Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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2
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Köhler A, Geiselhöringer AL, Kolland D, Kreft L, Wichmann N, Hils M, Pasztoi M, Zurkowski E, Vogt J, Kübelbeck T, Biedermann T, Schmitz I, Hansen W, Kramer D, Gaida MM, Schmidt-Weber CB, Hoevelmeyer N, Ohnmacht C. The atypical IκB family member Bcl3 determines differentiation and fate of intestinal RORγt + regulatory T-cell subsets. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:673-691. [PMID: 38663461 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Peripherally-induced regulatory T cells (pTregs) expressing the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan-receptor gamma t (RORγt) are indispensable for intestinal immune homeostasis. Nuclear factor kappa family members regulate the differentiation of thymic Tregs and promote their survival in the periphery. However, the Treg intrinsic molecular mechanisms controlling the size of the pTregs in the intestine and associated lymphoid organs remain unclear. Here, we provide direct evidence that B-cell lymphoma 3 (Bcl3) limits the development of pTregs in a T cell-intrinsic manner. Moreover, the absence of Bcl3 allowed for the formation of an unusual intestinal Treg population co-expressing the transcription factors Helios and RORγt. The expanded RORγt+ Treg populations in the absence of Bcl3 displayed an activated phenotype and secreted high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor beta. They were fully capable of suppressing effector T cells in a transfer colitis model despite an intrinsic bias to trans-differentiate toward T helper 17-like cells. Finally, we provide a Bcl3-dependent gene signature in pTregs including altered responsiveness to the cytokines IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Our results demonstrate that Bcl3 acts as a molecular switch to limit the expansion of different intestinal Treg subsets and may thus serve as a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease by restoring intestinal immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Köhler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Geiselhöringer
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Daphne Kolland
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Kreft
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Wichmann
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Hils
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Pasztoi
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Zurkowski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Kübelbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany; TRON, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany; Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Hoevelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany.
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3
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Kallies A, Vasanthakumar A. Transcriptional and hormonal control of adipose Treg heterogeneity and function. Immunol Rev 2024; 324:42-51. [PMID: 38733158 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue stores excess energy and produces a broad range of factors that regulate multiple physiological processes including systemic energy homeostasis. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays a particularly important role in glucose metabolism as its endocrine function underpins food uptake and energy expenditure. Caloric excess triggers VAT inflammation which can impair insulin sensitivity and cause metabolic deregulation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) that reside in the VAT suppress inflammation and protect from metabolic disease. The cellular components of VAT and its secretory products play a vital role in fostering the differentiation and maintenance of VAT Tregs. Critically, the physiology and inflammatory tone of VAT exhibit sex-specific disparities, resulting in substantial VAT Treg heterogeneity. Indeed, cytokines and sex hormones promote the differentiation of distinct populations of mature VAT Tregs, each characterized by unique phenotypes, homeostatic requirements, and functions. This review focuses on key findings that have significantly advanced our understanding of VAT Treg biology and the current state of the field, while also discussing open questions that require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Cardinez C, Hao Y, Kwong K, Davies AR, Downes MB, Roberts NA, Price JD, Hernandez RA, Lovell J, Chand R, Feng ZP, Enders A, Vinuesa CG, Miraghazadeh B, Cook MC. IKK2 controls the inflammatory potential of tissue-resident regulatory T cells in a murine gain of function model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2345. [PMID: 38528069 PMCID: PMC10963799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations have provided crucial insights into the immunoregulatory actions of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). By contrast, we know very little about the consequences of defects that amplify aspects of Treg function or differentiation. Here we show that mice heterozygous for an Ikbkb gain-of-function mutation develop psoriasis. Doubling the gene dose (IkbkbGoF/GoF) results in dactylitis, spondylitis, and characteristic nail changes, which are features of psoriatic arthritis. IkbkbGoF mice exhibit a selective expansion of Foxp3 + CD25+ Tregs of which a subset express IL-17. These modified Tregs are enriched in both inflamed tissues, blood and spleen, and their transfer is sufficient to induce disease without conventional T cells. Single-cell transcriptional and phenotyping analyses of isolated Tregs reveal expansion of non-lymphoid tissue (tissue-resident) Tregs expressing Th17-related genes, Helios, tissue-resident markers including CD103 and CD69, and a prominent NF-κB transcriptome. Thus, IKK2 regulates tissue-resident Treg differentiation, and overactivity drives dose-dependent skin and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelisa Cardinez
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yuwei Hao
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristy Kwong
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ainsley R Davies
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Morgan B Downes
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nadia A Roberts
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jason D Price
- Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Raquel A Hernandez
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jessica Lovell
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rochna Chand
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Zhi-Ping Feng
- ANU Bioinformatics Consultancy, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anselm Enders
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Bahar Miraghazadeh
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Voisin A, Plaschka M, Perrin-Niquet M, Twardowski J, Boutemine I, Eluard B, Lalle G, Stéphan P, Bouherrou K, Tonon L, Pommier R, Ferrari A, Klein U, Wencker M, Baud V, Cassier PA, Grinberg-Bleyer Y. The NF-κB RelA transcription factor is not required for CD8+ T-cell function in acute viral infection and cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379777. [PMID: 38504985 PMCID: PMC10948531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are critical mediators of pathogen clearance and anti-tumor immunity. Although signaling pathways leading to the activation of NF-κB transcription factors have crucial functions in the regulation of immune responses, the CD8+ T cell-autonomous roles of the different NF-κB subunits, are still unresolved. Here, we investigated the function of the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor RelA in CD8+ T-cell biology using a novel mouse model and gene-edited human cells. We found that CD8+ T cell-specific ablation of RelA markedly altered the transcriptome of ex vivo stimulated cells, but maintained the proliferative capacity of both mouse and human cells. In contrast, in vivo experiments showed that RelA deficiency did not affect the CD8+ T-cell response to acute viral infection or transplanted tumors. Our data suggest that in CD8+ T cells, RelA is dispensable for their protective activity in pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Voisin
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Plaschka
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- St. Anna Children´s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlène Perrin-Niquet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Twardowski
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Insaf Boutemine
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Baptiste Eluard
- Université Paris Cité, NF-κB, Différenciation et Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Lalle
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Stéphan
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Khaled Bouherrou
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Tonon
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Gilles Thomas Bioinformatics Platform, Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Roxane Pommier
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Gilles Thomas Bioinformatics Platform, Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Anthony Ferrari
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Gilles Thomas Bioinformatics Platform, Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ulf Klein
- Division of Haematology & Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Baud
- Université Paris Cité, NF-κB, Différenciation et Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Philippe A. Cassier
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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6
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Lin Y, Sakuraba S, Massilamany C, Reddy J, Tanaka Y, Miyake S, Yamamura T. Harnessing autoimmunity with dominant self-peptide: Modulating the sustainability of tissue-preferential antigen-specific Tregs by governing the binding stability via peptide flanking residues. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103094. [PMID: 37716077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Sensitization to self-peptides induces various immunological responses, from autoimmunity to tumor immunity, depending on the peptide sequence; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and thus, curative therapeutic options considering immunity balance are limited. Herein, two overlapping dominant peptides of myelin proteolipid protein, PLP136-150 and PLP139-151, which induce different forms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), monophasic and relapsing EAE, respectively, were investigated. Mice with monophasic EAE exhibited highly resistant to EAE re-induction with any encephalitogenic peptides, whereas mice with relapsing EAE were susceptible, and progressed, to EAE re-induction. This resistance to relapse and re-induction in monophasic EAE mice was associated with the maintenance of potent CD69+CD103+CD4+CD25high regulatory T-cells (Tregs) enriched with antigen specificity, which expanded preferentially in the central nervous system with sustained suppressive activity. This tissue-preferential sustainability of potent antigen-specific Tregs was correlated with the antigenicity of PLP136-150, depending on its flanking residues. That is, the flanking residues of PLP136-150 enable to form pivotally arranged strong hydrogen bonds that secured its binding stability to MHC-class II. These potent Tregs acting tissue-preferentially were induced only by sensitization of PLP136-150, not by its tolerance induction, independent of EAE development. These findings suggest that, for optimal therapy, "benign autoimmunity" can be critically achieved through inverse vaccination with self-peptides by manipulating their flanking residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Lin
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan; Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.
| | - Shun Sakuraba
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Chiba, 263-0024, Japan.
| | | | - Jayagopala Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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7
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Kare AJ, Nichols L, Zermeno R, Raie MN, Tumbale SK, Ferrara KW. OMIP-095: 40-Color spectral flow cytometry delineates all major leukocyte populations in murine lymphoid tissues. Cytometry A 2023; 103:839-850. [PMID: 37768325 PMCID: PMC10843696 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional immunoprofiling is essential for studying host response to immunotherapy, infection, and disease in murine model systems. However, the difficulty of multiparameter panel design combined with a lack of existing murine tools has prevented the comprehensive study of all major leukocyte phenotypes in a single assay. Herein, we present a 40-color flow cytometry panel for deep immunophenotyping of murine lymphoid tissues, including the spleen, blood, Peyer's patches, inguinal lymph nodes, bone marrow, and thymus. This panel uses a robust set of surface markers capable of differentiating leukocyte subsets without the use of intracellular staining, thus allowing for the use of cells in downstream functional experiments or multiomic analyses. Our panel classifies T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, progenitors, and their functional subsets by using a series of co-stimulatory, checkpoint, activation, migration, and maturation markers. This tool has a multitude of systems immunology applications ranging from serial monitoring of circulating blood signatures to complex endpoint analysis, especially in pre-clinical settings where treatments can modulate leukocyte abundance and/or function. Ultimately, this 40-color panel resolves a diverse array of immune cells on the axes of time, tissue, and treatment, filling the niche for a modern tool dedicated to murine immunophenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris J. Kare
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lisa Nichols
- Stanford Shared FACS Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ricardo Zermeno
- Stanford Shared FACS Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marina N. Raie
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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8
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Khatun A, Wu X, Qi F, Gai K, Kharel A, Kudek MR, Fraser L, Ceicko A, Kasmani MY, Majnik A, Burns R, Chen Y, Salzman N, Taparowsky EJ, Fang D, Williams CB, Cui W. BATF is Required for Treg Homeostasis and Stability to Prevent Autoimmune Pathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206692. [PMID: 37587835 PMCID: PMC10558681 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are inevitable to prevent deleterious immune responses to self and commensal microorganisms. Treg function requires continuous expression of the transcription factor (TF) FOXP3 and is divided into two major subsets: resting (rTregs) and activated (aTregs). Continuous T cell receptor (TCR) signaling plays a vital role in the differentiation of aTregs from their resting state, and in their immune homeostasis. The process by which Tregs differentiate, adapt tissue specificity, and maintain stable phenotypic expression at the transcriptional level is still inconclusivei. In this work, the role of BATF is investigated, which is induced in response to TCR stimulation in naïve T cells and during aTreg differentiation. Mice lacking BATF in Tregs developed multiorgan autoimmune pathology. As a transcriptional regulator, BATF is required for Treg differentiation, homeostasis, and stabilization of FOXP3 expression in different lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Epigenetically, BATF showed direct regulation of Treg-specific genes involved in differentiation, maturation, and tissue accumulation. Most importantly, FOXP3 expression and Treg stability require continuous BATF expression in Tregs, as it regulates demethylation and accessibility of the CNS2 region of the Foxp3 locus. Considering its role in Treg stability, BATF should be considered an important therapeutic target in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Versiti Blood Research InstituteVersiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Versiti Blood Research InstituteVersiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Fu Qi
- Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City2401 Gillham RdKansas CityMO64108USA
| | - Kexin Gai
- Department of PathologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University303 E Chicago AveChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Arjun Kharel
- Department of PathologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University303 E Chicago AveChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Matthew R. Kudek
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Versiti Blood Research InstituteVersiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Department of PediatricsMedical College of Wisconsin8701 Watertown Plank RoadMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Lisa Fraser
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Ashley Ceicko
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Moujtaba Y. Kasmani
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Versiti Blood Research InstituteVersiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Amber Majnik
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City2401 Gillham RdKansas CityMO64108USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Versiti Blood Research InstituteVersiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Yi‐Guang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile DiabetesMedical College of Wisconsin8701 Watertown Plank RoadMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Nita Salzman
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Department of PediatricsMedical College of Wisconsin8701 Watertown Plank RoadMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | | | - Dayu Fang
- Department of PathologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University303 E Chicago AveChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Calvin B. Williams
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Department of PediatricsMedical College of Wisconsin8701 Watertown Plank RoadMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Versiti Blood Research InstituteVersiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
- Department of PathologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University303 E Chicago AveChicagoIL60611USA
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9
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Dean EC, Ditoro DF, Pham D, Gao M, Zindl CL, Frey B, Harbour SN, Figge DA, Miller AT, Glassman CR, Garcia KC, Hatton RD, Weaver CT. IL-2-induced Stat3 Signaling is Critical for Effector Treg Cell Programming. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.26.559434. [PMID: 37808649 PMCID: PMC10557704 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of immune homeostasis to the intestinal mictrobiota is dependent on a population of effector regulatory T (eTreg) cells that develop from microbiota-reactive induced (i)Treg cells. A cardinal feature of eTreg cells is their production of IL-10, which plays a non-redundant role in immune tolerance of commensal microbes. Here, we identify an unexpected role for IL-2-induced Stat3 signaling to program iTreg cells for eTreg cell differentiation and Il10 transcriptional competency. IL-2 proved to be both necessary and sufficient for eTreg cell development - contingent on Stat3 output of the IL-2 receptor coordinate with IL-2 signaling during early Treg cell commitment. Induction of iTreg cell programming in absence of IL-2-induced Stat3 signaling resulted in impaired eTreg cell differentiation and a failure to produce IL-10. An IL-2 mutein with reduced affinity for the IL-2Rγ (γ c ) chain was found to have blunted IL-2R Stat3 output, resulting in a deficiency of Il10 transcriptional programming that could not be fully rescued by Stat3 signaling subsequent to an initial window of iTreg cell differentiation. These findings expose a heretofore unappreciated role of IL-2 signaling that acts early to program subsequent production of IL-10 by developing eTreg cells, with broad implications for IL-2-based therapeutic interventions in immune-mediated diseases.
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10
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Ma S, So M, Ghelani A, Srivas R, Sahoo A, Hall R, Liu W, Wu H, Yu S, Lu S, Song E, Cariaga T, Soto M, Zhou H, Li CM, Chaudhry A, Luo X, Sohn SJ. Attenuated IL-2 muteins leverage the TCR signal to enhance regulatory T cell homeostasis and response in vivo. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257652. [PMID: 37809101 PMCID: PMC10556740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2), along with T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling, are required to control regulatory T cell (Treg) homeostasis and function in vivo. Due to the heightened sensitivity to IL-2, Tregs retain the ability to respond to low-dose or attenuated forms of IL-2, as currently being developed for clinical use to treat inflammatory diseases. While attenuated IL-2 increases Treg selectivity, the question remains as to whether a weakened IL-2 signal sufficiently enhances Treg suppressive function(s) toward disease modification. To understand this question, we characterized the in vivo activity and transcriptomic profiles of two different attenuated IL-2 muteins in comparison with wildtype (WT) IL-2. Our study showed that, in addition to favoring Tregs, the attenuated muteins induced disproportionately robust effects on Treg activation and conversion to effector Treg (eTreg) phenotype. Our data furthermore suggested that Tregs activated by attenuated IL-2 muteins showed reduced dependence on TCR signal, at least in part due to the enhanced ability of IL-2 muteins to amplify the TCR signal in vivo. These results point to a new paradigm wherein IL-2 influences Tregs' sensitivity to antigenic signal, and that the combination effect may be leveraged for therapeutic use of attenuated IL-2 muteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shining Ma
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michelle So
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aazam Ghelani
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rohith Srivas
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anupama Sahoo
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robyn Hall
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sherman Yu
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Shiping Lu
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elly Song
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Taryn Cariaga
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marcus Soto
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Hong Zhou
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chi-Ming Li
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Xin Luo
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sue J. Sohn
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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11
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Shan F, Cillo AR, Cardello C, Yuan DY, Kunning SR, Cui J, Lampenfeld C, Williams AM, McDonough AP, Pennathur A, Luketich JD, Kirkwood JM, Ferris RL, Bruno TC, Workman CJ, Benos PV, Vignali DAA. Integrated BATF transcriptional network regulates suppressive intratumoral regulatory T cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf6717. [PMID: 37713508 PMCID: PMC11045170 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf6717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Human regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial regulators of tissue repair, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. However, it is challenging to inhibit the suppressive function of Tregs for cancer therapy without affecting immune homeostasis. Identifying pathways that may distinguish tumor-restricted Tregs is important, yet the transcriptional programs that control intratumoral Treg gene expression, and that are distinct from Tregs in healthy tissues, remain largely unknown. We profiled single-cell transcriptomes of CD4+ T cells in tumors and peripheral blood from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and those in nontumor tonsil tissues and peripheral blood from healthy donors. We identified a subpopulation of activated Tregs expressing multiple tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) genes (TNFR+ Tregs) that is highly enriched in the tumor microenvironment (TME) compared with nontumor tissue and the periphery. TNFR+ Tregs are associated with worse prognosis in HNSCC and across multiple solid tumor types. Mechanistically, the transcription factor BATF is a central component of a gene regulatory network that governs key aspects of TNFR+ Tregs. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated BATF knockout in human activated Tregs in conjunction with bulk RNA sequencing, immunophenotyping, and in vitro functional assays corroborated the central role of BATF in limiting excessive activation and promoting the survival of human activated Tregs. Last, we identified a suite of surface molecules reflective of the BATF-driven transcriptional network on intratumoral Tregs in patients with HNSCC. These findings uncover a primary transcriptional regulator of highly suppressive intratumoral Tregs, highlighting potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention in cancer without affecting immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shan
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony R. Cillo
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carly Cardello
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Y. Yuan
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sheryl R. Kunning
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caleb Lampenfeld
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Asia M. Williams
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra P. McDonough
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arjun Pennathur
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James D. Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert L. Ferris
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tullia C. Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Creg J. Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Panayiotis V. Benos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dario A. A. Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Dykema AG, Zhang J, Cheung LS, Connor S, Zhang B, Zeng Z, Cherry CM, Li T, Caushi JX, Nishimoto M, Munoz AJ, Ji Z, Hou W, Zhan W, Singh D, Zhang T, Rashid R, Mitchell-Flack M, Bom S, Tam A, Ionta N, Aye THK, Wang Y, Sawosik CA, Tirado LE, Tomasovic LM, VanDyke D, Spangler JB, Anagnostou V, Yang S, Spicer J, Rayes R, Taube J, Brahmer JR, Forde PM, Yegnasubramanian S, Ji H, Pardoll DM, Smith KN. Lung tumor-infiltrating T reg have divergent transcriptional profiles and function linked to checkpoint blockade response. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg1487. [PMID: 37713507 PMCID: PMC10629528 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are conventionally viewed as suppressors of endogenous and therapy-induced antitumor immunity; however, their role in modulating responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is unclear. In this study, we integrated single-cell RNA-seq/T cell receptor sequencing (TCRseq) of >73,000 tumor-infiltrating Treg (TIL-Treg) from anti-PD-1-treated and treatment-naive non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with single-cell analysis of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific Treg derived from a murine tumor model. We identified 10 subsets of human TIL-Treg, most of which have high concordance with murine TIL-Treg subsets. Only one subset selectively expresses high levels of TNFRSF4 (OX40) and TNFRSF18 (GITR), whose engangement by cognate ligand mediated proliferative programs and NF-κB activation, as well as multiple genes involved in Treg suppression, including LAG3. Functionally, the OX40hiGITRhi subset is the most highly suppressive ex vivo, and its higher representation among total TIL-Treg correlated with resistance to PD-1 blockade. Unexpectedly, in the murine tumor model, we found that virtually all TIL-Treg-expressing T cell receptors that are specific for TAA fully develop a distinct TH1-like signature over a 2-week period after entry into the tumor, down-regulating FoxP3 and up-regulating expression of TBX21 (Tbet), IFNG, and certain proinflammatory granzymes. Transfer learning of a gene score from the murine TAA-specific TH1-like Treg subset to the human single-cell dataset revealed a highly analogous subcluster that was enriched in anti-PD-1-responding tumors. These findings demonstrate that TIL-Treg partition into multiple distinct transcriptionally defined subsets with potentially opposing effects on ICB-induced antitumor immunity and suggest that TAA-specific TIL-Treg may positively contribute to antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbor G. Dykema
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laurene S. Cheung
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sydney Connor
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Taibo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justina X. Caushi
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marni Nishimoto
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J. Munoz
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Wenpin Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wentao Zhan
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dipika Singh
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tianbei Zhang
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rufiaat Rashid
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marisa Mitchell-Flack
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sadhana Bom
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ada Tam
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nick Ionta
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thet H. K. Aye
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Camille A. Sawosik
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren E. Tirado
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luke M. Tomasovic
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek VanDyke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valsamo Anagnostou
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Yang
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Roni Rayes
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Janis Taube
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie R. Brahmer
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick M. Forde
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kellie N. Smith
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Korn T. Foxp3 + regulatory T cells in the central nervous system and other nonlymphoid tissues. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250227. [PMID: 37143298 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are indispensable for the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance as well as for the confinement of autoimmune inflammation after the breach of self-tolerance. In order to fulfill these tasks, Treg cells operate in secondary lymphoid tissues and nonlymphoid tissues. The conditions for Treg cell stability and for their modes of action are different according to their compartment of residence. In addition, Treg cells initiate residency programs to inhabit niches in nonlympoid tissues (NLT) in steady state and after re-establishment of previously deflected homeostasis for extended periods of time. These NLT Treg cells are different from lymphoid tissue residing Treg cells and are functionally specialized to subserve not only immune functions but support intrinsic functions of their tissue of residence. This review will highlight current ideas about the functional specialization of NLT Treg cells in particular in the central nervous system (CNS) and discuss challenges that we are facing in an effort to exploit the power of NLT Treg cells for maintenance of tissue homeostasis and perhaps also tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Korn
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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14
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Zhang L, Dou X, Zheng Z, Ye C, Lu TX, Liang HL, Wang L, Weichselbaum RR, He C. YTHDF2/m 6 A/NF-κB axis controls anti-tumor immunity by regulating intratumoral Tregs. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113126. [PMID: 37345898 PMCID: PMC10390869 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates immune cells in homeostasis and in response to infection and inflammation. The function of the m6 A reader YTHDF2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in these contexts has not been explored. We discovered that the loss of YTHDF2 in regulatory T (Treg) cells reduces tumor growth in mice. Deletion of Ythdf2 in Tregs does not affect peripheral immune homeostasis but leads to increased apoptosis and impaired suppressive function of Treg cells in the TME. Elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling in the TME promotes YTHDF2 expression, which in turn regulates NF-κB signaling by accelerating the degradation of m6 A-modified transcripts that encode NF-κB-negative regulators. This TME-specific regulation of Treg by YTHDF2 points to YTHDF2 as a potential target for anti-cancer immunotherapy, where intratumoral Treg cells can be targeted to enhance anti-tumor immune response while avoiding Treg cells in the periphery to minimize undesired inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zhang
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Institute for Biophysical DynamicsThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Xiaoyang Dou
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Institute for Biophysical DynamicsThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Institute for Biophysical DynamicsThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Chang Ye
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Institute for Biophysical DynamicsThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Thomas X Lu
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Institute for Biophysical DynamicsThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Present address:
Southern Indiana PhysiciansIndiana University HealthBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Hua L Liang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular OncologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis ResearchUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular OncologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis ResearchUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular OncologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis ResearchUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Institute for Biophysical DynamicsThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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15
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Verma M, Verma D, Sripada AS, Sirohi K, Varma R, Sahu A, Alam R. NFκB1 inhibits memory formation and supports effector function of ILC2s in memory-driven asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217776. [PMID: 37575259 PMCID: PMC10415221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ILC2s are capable of generating memory. The mechanism of memory induction and memory-driven effector function (trained immunity) in ILC2s is unknown. Objective NFκB1 is preferentially expressed at a high level in ILC2s. We examined the role of NFkB1 in memory induction and memory-driven effector function in a mouse model of asthma. Methods Intranasal administration of Alternaria, flexivent, ELISA, histology, real-time PCR, western blot, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Results NFκB1 was essential for the effector phase of memory-driven asthma. NFκB1 was critical for IL33 production, ILC2 generation, and production of type-2 cytokines, which resulted in eosinophilic inflammation and other features of asthma. NFκB1 induction of type-2 cytokines in ILC2s was independent of GATA3. NFκB1 was important for allergen induction of ILC3s and FoxP3+ Tregs. NFκB1 did not affect Th2 cells or their cytokine production. In contrast to its protagonistic role in the effector phase, NFκB1 had an antagonistic role in the memory phase. NFκB1 inhibited allergen-induced upregulation of memory-associated repressor and preparedness genes in ILC2s. NFκB1 upregulated RUNX1. NFκB1 formed a heterodimer with RUNX1 in ILC2s. Conclusions NFκB1 positively regulated the effector phase but inhibited the induction phase of memory. The foregoing pointed to an interdependent antagonism between the memory induction and the memory effector processes. The NFκB1-RUNX1 heterodimer represented a non-canonical transcriptional activator of type-2 cytokines in ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Divya Verma
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Anand Santosh Sripada
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kapil Sirohi
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Rangati Varma
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Anita Sahu
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States
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16
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Ralser A, Dietl A, Jarosch S, Engelsberger V, Wanisch A, Janssen KP, Middelhoff M, Vieth M, Quante M, Haller D, Busch DH, Deng L, Mejías-Luque R, Gerhard M. Helicobacter pylori promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by deregulating intestinal immunity and inducing a mucus-degrading microbiota signature. Gut 2023:gutjnl-2022-328075. [PMID: 37015754 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori infection is the most prevalent bacterial infection worldwide. Besides being the most important risk factor for gastric cancer development, epidemiological data show that infected individuals harbour a nearly twofold increased risk to develop colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a direct causal and functional connection between H. pylori infection and colon cancer is lacking. DESIGN We infected two Apc-mutant mouse models and C57BL/6 mice with H. pylori and conducted a comprehensive analysis of H. pylori-induced changes in intestinal immune responses and epithelial signatures via flow cytometry, chip cytometry, immunohistochemistry and single cell RNA sequencing. Microbial signatures were characterised and evaluated in germ-free mice and via stool transfer experiments. RESULTS H. pylori infection accelerated tumour development in Apc-mutant mice. We identified a unique H. pylori-driven immune alteration signature characterised by a reduction in regulatory T cells and pro-inflammatory T cells. Furthermore, in the intestinal and colonic epithelium, H. pylori induced pro-carcinogenic STAT3 signalling and a loss of goblet cells, changes that have been shown to contribute-in combination with pro-inflammatory and mucus degrading microbial signatures-to tumour development. Similar immune and epithelial alterations were found in human colon biopsies from H. pylori-infected patients. Housing of Apc-mutant mice under germ-free conditions ameliorated, and early antibiotic eradication of H. pylori infection normalised the tumour incidence to the level of uninfected controls. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide evidence that H. pylori infection is a strong causal promoter of colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, implementation of H. pylori status into preventive measures of CRC should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ralser
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alisa Dietl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jarosch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Veronika Engelsberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wanisch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Partner Site, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Partner Site, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Partner Site, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
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17
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Wang B, Zhang Z, Liu W, Tan B. Targeting regulatory T cells in gastric cancer: Pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and prognosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114180. [PMID: 36586241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment and obtained durable clinical responses, only a fraction of GC patients benefit from it. As an important component of T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of GC, keep a core balance between immune suppression and autoimmunity, and function as predictive biomarkers for prognosis of GC patients. In this review, we discuss the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of GC, and targeting Tregs via influencing their transcription factor, migration, co-stimulatory receptors, immune checkpoints, and cytokines. We also focus on the currently important findings of Tregs metabolism including amino acid, fatty acid, and lactic acid metabolism of GC. The emerging role of microbiome and clinical combined therapy in modulating Tregs in GC treatment is also summarized. Meanwhile, this review recapitulates a novel regulator, magnesium, is involved in mediating Tregs in GC. These research advances on Treg-related strategies provide new insights and challenges for GC progression, treatment, and prognosis. And we hope our review can stimulate further discovery and implication of mediators and pathways targeting Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Wang
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050011 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zaibo Zhang
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050011 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050011 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bibo Tan
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050011 Shijiazhuang, China.
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18
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Nettersheim FS, Ghosheh Y, Winkels H, Kobiyama K, Durant C, Armstrong SS, Brunel S, Roy P, Dileepan T, Jenkins MK, Zajonc DM, Ley K. Single-cell transcriptomes and T cell receptors of vaccine-expanded apolipoprotein B-specific T cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1076808. [PMID: 36684560 PMCID: PMC9849899 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1076808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death worldwide. CD4 T cells responding to Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), the core protein of most lipoproteins, have been identified as critical disease modulators. In healthy individuals, ApoB-reactive (ApoB+) CD4 T cells are mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), which exert anti-inflammatory effects. Yet, they may obtain pro-inflammatory features and thus become proatherogenic. Evidence from animal studies suggests that vaccination against certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II-binding ApoB peptides induces an expansion of ApoB+ Tregs and thus confers atheroprotection. To date, in-depth phenotyping of vaccine-expanded ApoB+ T cells has not yet been performed. To this end, we vaccinated C57BL/6J mice with the ApoB-peptide P6 (ApoB978-993 TGAYSNASSTESASY) and performed single-cell RNA sequencing of tetramer-sorted P6+ T cells. P6+ cells were clonally expanded (one major, two minor clones) and formed a transcriptional cluster distinct from clusters mainly containing non-expanded P6+ and P6- cells. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that most expanded P6+ cells had a strong Treg signature and highly expressed genes mediating suppressive functions. Yet, some expanded P6+ cells only had a residual Treg signature and expressed genes related to T helper 1 (TH1) cells, which are proatherogenic. Modeling the T cell receptor (TCR) and P6:MHC-II interaction showed that only three amino acid residues in the α and β chain contact the P6 peptide in the MHC-II groove and thus determine the specificity of this TCR to P6. Our data begin to reveal the vaccination-induced response to an ApoB epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanal Ghosheh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Holger Winkels
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Simon Brunel
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Payel Roy
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Thamotharampillai Dileepan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Marc K. Jenkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dirk M. Zajonc
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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19
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Skartsis N, Ferreira LMR, Tang Q. The dichotomous outcomes of TNFα signaling in CD4 + T cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042622. [PMID: 36466853 PMCID: PMC9708889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFa blocking agents were the first-in-class biologic drugs used for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Paradoxically, however, exacerbation of autoimmunity was observed in some patients. TNFa is a pleiotropic cytokine that has both proinflammatory and regulatory effects on CD4+ T cells and can influence the adaptive immune response against autoantigens. Here, we critically appraise the literature and discuss the intricacies of TNFa signaling that may explain the controversial findings of previous studies. The pleiotropism of TNFa is based in part on the existence of two biologically active forms of TNFa, soluble and membrane-bound, with different affinities for two distinct TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, leading to activation of diverse downstream molecular pathways involved in cell fate decisions and immune function. Distinct membrane expression patterns of TNF receptors by CD4+ T cell subsets and their preferential binding of distinct forms of TNFα produced by a diverse pool of cellular sources during different stages of an immune response are important determinants of the differential outcomes of TNFa-TNF receptor signaling. Targeted manipulation of TNFa-TNF receptor signaling on select CD4+ T cell subsets may offer specific therapeutic interventions to dampen inflammation while fortifying immune regulation for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Skartsis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Leonardo M. R. Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Gladstone University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Institute of Genome Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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20
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Alvisi G, Termanini A, Soldani C, Portale F, Carriero R, Pilipow K, Costa G, Polidoro M, Franceschini B, Malenica I, Puccio S, Lise V, Galletti G, Zanon V, Colombo FS, De Simone G, Tufano M, Aghemo A, Di Tommaso L, Peano C, Cibella J, Iannacone M, Roychoudhuri R, Manzo T, Donadon M, Torzilli G, Kunderfranco P, Di Mitri D, Lugli E, Lleo A. Multimodal single-cell profiling of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma defines hyperactivated Tregs as a potential therapeutic target. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1359-1372. [PMID: 35738508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The landscape and function of the immune infiltrate of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), a rare, yet aggressive tumor of the biliary tract, remains poorly characterized, limiting development of successful immunotherapies. Herein, we aimed to define the molecular characteristics of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes with a special focus on CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). METHODS We used high-dimensional single-cell technologies to characterize the T-cell and myeloid compartments of iCCA tissues, comparing these with their tumor-free peritumoral and circulating counterparts. We further used genomics and cellular assays to define the iCCA-specific role of a novel transcription factor, mesenchyme homeobox 1 (MEOX1), in Treg biology. RESULTS We found poor infiltration of putative tumor-specific CD39+ CD8+ T cells accompanied by abundant infiltration of hyperactivated CD4+ Tregs. Single-cell RNA-sequencing identified an altered network of transcription factors in iCCA-infiltrating compared to peritumoral T cells, suggesting reduced effector functions by tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and enhanced immunosuppression by CD4+ Tregs. Specifically, we found that expression of MEOX1 was highly enriched in tumor-infiltrating Tregs, and demonstrated that MEOX1 overexpression is sufficient to reprogram circulating Tregs to acquire the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape of tumor-infiltrating Tregs. Accordingly, enrichment of the MEOX1-dependent gene program in Tregs was strongly associated with poor prognosis in a large cohort of patients with iCCA. CONCLUSIONS We observed abundant infiltration of hyperactivated CD4+ Tregs in iCCA tumors along with reduced CD8+ T-cell effector functions. Interfering with hyperactivated Tregs should be explored as an approach to enhance antitumor immunity in iCCA. LAY SUMMARY Immune cells have the potential to slow or halt the progression of tumors. However, some tumors, such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, are associated with very limited immune responses (and infiltration of cancer-targeting immune cells). Herein, we show that a specific population of regulatory T cells (a type of immune cell that actually suppresses the immune response) are hyperactivated in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Targeting these cells could enable cancer-targeting immune cells to act more effectively and should be looked at as a potential therapeutic approach to this aggressive cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Alvisi
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Termanini
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Soldani
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Immunopathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Portale
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Carriero
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Karolina Pilipow
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Costa
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy; Division of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Polidoro
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Immunopathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Franceschini
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Immunopathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ines Malenica
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Immunopathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Puccio
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Lise
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galletti
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Zanon
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Simone Colombo
- Flow Cytometry Core, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Flow Cytometry Core, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Tufano
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Aghemo
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy; Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Di Tommaso
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy; Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Genomic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Cibella
- Genomic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3QP, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Manzo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology- IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Donadon
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy; Division of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Torzilli
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy; Division of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Di Mitri
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ana Lleo
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy; Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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21
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Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process that dynamically alters the surrounding microenvironment, including participating immune cells. As a well-protected organ surrounded by specialized barriers and with immune privilege properties, the central nervous system (CNS) tightly regulates immune responses. Yet in neuroinflammatory conditions, pathogenic immunity can disrupt CNS structure and function. T cells in particular play a key role in promoting and restricting neuroinflammatory responses, while the inflamed CNS microenvironment can influence and reshape T cell function and identity. Still, the contraction of aberrant T cell responses within the CNS is not well understood. Using autoimmunity as a model, here we address the contribution of CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets in promoting neuropathology and disease. To address the mechanisms antagonizing neuroinflammation, we focus on the control of the immune response by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and describe the counteracting processes that preserve their identity under inflammatory challenges. Finally, given the influence of the local microenvironment on immune regulation, we address how CNS-intrinsic signals reshape T cell function to mitigate abnormal immune T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Benallegue
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hania Kebir
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jorge I. Alvarez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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22
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McGee MC, Zhang T, Magazine N, Islam R, Carossino M, Huang W. PD-1 and ICOS counter-regulate tissue resident regulatory T cell development and IL-10 production during flu. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984476. [PMID: 36159872 PMCID: PMC9492985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells that express the transcription factor Foxp3 (Treg cells) are a highly heterogenous population of immunoregulatory cells critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing immunopathology during infections. Tissue resident Treg (TR-Treg) cells are maintained within nonlymphoid tissues and have been shown to suppress proinflammatory tissue resident T cell responses and promote tissue repair. Human populations are repetitively exposed to influenza infections and lung tissue resident effector T cell responses are associated with flu-induced long-term pulmonary sequelae. The kinetics of TR-Treg cell development and molecular features of TR-Treg cells during repeated and/or long-term flu infections are unclear. Utilizing a Foxp3RFP/IL-10GFP dual reporter mouse model along with intravascular fluorescent in vivo labeling, we characterized the TR-Treg cell responses to repetitive heterosubtypic influenza infections. We found lung tissue resident Treg cells accumulated and expressed high levels of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors post primary and secondary infections. Blockade of PD-1 or ICOS signaling reveals that PD-1 and ICOS signaling pathways counter-regulate TR-Treg cell expansion and IL-10 production, during secondary influenza infection. Furthermore, the virus-specific TR-Treg cell response displayed distinct kinetics, when compared to conventional CD4+ tissue resident memory T cells, during secondary flu infection. Our results provide insight into the tissue resident Foxp3+ regulatory T cell response during repetitive flu infections, which may be applicable to other respiratory infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. McGee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Nicholas Magazine
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Rezwanul Islam
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Weishan Huang,
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23
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Liu P, Li Y, Wang W, Bai Y, Jia H, Yuan Z, Yang Z. Role and mechanisms of the NF-ĸB signaling pathway in various developmental processes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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24
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Differentiation and homeostasis of effector Treg cells are regulated by inositol polyphosphates modulating Ca 2+ influx. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121520119. [PMID: 35776543 PMCID: PMC9271192 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121520119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells differentiate into effector Treg (eTreg) cells to maintain peripheral immune homeostasis and tolerance. T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated induction and regulation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is essential for eTreg cell differentiation and function. However, SOCE regulation in Treg cells remains unclear. Here, we show that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), which generates inositol tetrakisphosphate and inositol pentakisphosphate, is a pivotal regulator of Treg cell differentiation downstream of TCR signaling. IPMK is highly expressed in TCR-stimulated Treg cells and promotes a TCR-induced Treg cell program. IPMK-deficient Treg cells display aberrant T cell activation and impaired differentiation into RORγt+ Treg cells and tissue-resident Treg cells. Mechanistically, IPMK controls the generation of higher-order inositol phosphates, thereby promoting Ca2+ mobilization and Treg cell effector functions. Our findings identify IPMK as a critical regulator of TCR-mediated Ca2+ influx and highlight the importance of IPMK in Treg cell-mediated immune homeostasis.
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25
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Hövelmeyer N, Schmidt-Supprian M, Ohnmacht C. NF-κB in control of regulatory T cell development, identity, and function. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:985-995. [PMID: 35672519 PMCID: PMC9213371 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) act as a major rheostat regulating the strength of immune responses, enabling tolerance of harmless foreign antigens, and preventing the development of pathogenic immune responses in various disease settings such as cancer and autoimmunity. Treg cells are present in all lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, and the latter often fulfill important tasks required for the physiology of their host organ. The activation of NF-κB transcription factors is a central pathway for the reprogramming of gene expression in response to inflammatory but also homeostatic cues. Genetic mouse models have revealed essential functions for NF-κB transcription factors in modulating Treg development and function, with some of these mechanistic insights confirmed by recent studies analyzing Treg cells from patients harboring point mutations in the genes encoding NF-κB proteins. Molecular insights into the NF-κB pathway in Treg cells hold substantial promise for novel therapeutic strategies to manipulate dysfunctional or inadequate cell numbers of immunosuppressive Treg cells in autoimmunity or cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the manifold roles that NF-κB factors exert in Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Germany Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Institute for Experimental Hematology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
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26
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Korn T. CNS T reg cells have alternative functions but run on conventional fuel. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:818-819. [PMID: 35618830 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Korn
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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27
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Liu Q, Zhu F, Liu X, Lu Y, Yao K, Tian N, Tong L, Figge DA, Wang X, Han Y, Li Y, Zhu Y, Hu L, Ji Y, Xu N, Li D, Gu X, Liang R, Gan G, Wu L, Zhang P, Xu T, Hu H, Hu Z, Xu H, Ye D, Yang H, Li B, Tong X. Non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway controls regulatory T cell function by integrating metabolism and epigenetics. Nat Metab 2022; 4:559-574. [PMID: 35606596 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. Here, we show that the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) regulates Treg function to prevent autoimmunity. Deletion of transketolase (TKT), an indispensable enzyme of non-oxidative PPP, in Treg cells causes a fatal autoimmune disease in mice, with impaired Treg suppressive capability despite regular Treg numbers and normal Foxp3 expression levels. Mechanistically, reduced glycolysis and enhanced oxidative stress induced by TKT deficiency triggers excessive fatty acid and amino acid catabolism, resulting in uncontrolled oxidative phosphorylation and impaired mitochondrial fitness. Reduced α-KG levels as a result of reductive TCA cycle activity leads to DNA hypermethylation, thereby limiting functional gene expression and suppressive activity of TKT-deficient Treg cells. We also find that TKT levels are frequently downregulated in Treg cells of people with autoimmune disorders. Our study identifies the non-oxidative PPP as an integrator of metabolic and epigenetic processes that control Treg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangming Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xinnan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David A Figge
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Han
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingning Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guifang Gan
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratories, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huji Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab of Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, College of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Changes in immune function and immunomodulatory treatments of septic patients. Clin Immunol 2022; 239:109040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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4-1BBL-containing leukemic extracellular vesicles promote immunosuppressive effector regulatory T cells. Blood Adv 2022; 6:1879-1894. [PMID: 35130345 PMCID: PMC8941461 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic and acute myeloid leukemia (CML, AML) evade immune system surveillance and induce immunosuppression by expanding pro-leukemic Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). High levels of immunosuppressive Tregs predict inferior response to chemotherapy, leukemia relapse and shorter survival. However, mechanisms that promote Tregs in myeloid leukemias remain largely unexplored. Here, we identify leukemic extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drivers of effector, pro-leukemic Tregs. Using mouse model of CML-like disease, we found that Rab27a-dependent secretion of leukemic EVs promoted leukemia engraftment, which was associated with higher abundance of activated, immunosuppressive Tregs. Leukemic EVs attenuated mTOR-S6 and activated STAT5 signaling, as well as evoked significant transcriptomic changes in Tregs. We further identified specific effector signature of Tregs promoted by leukemic EVs. Leukemic EVs-driven Tregs were characterized by elevated expression of effector/tumor Treg markers CD39, CCR8, CD30, TNFR2, CCR4, TIGIT, IL21R and included two distinct, effector Treg (eTreg) subsets - CD30+CCR8hiTNFR2hi eTreg1 and CD39+TIGIThi eTreg2. Finally, we showed that costimulatory ligand 4-1BBL/CD137L, shuttled by leukemic EVs, promoted suppressive activity and effector phenotype of Tregs by regulating expression of receptors such as CD30 and TNFR2. Collectively, our work highlights the role of leukemic extracellular vesicles in stimulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and leukemia growth. We postulate that targeting of Rab27a-dependent secretion of leukemic EVs may be a viable therapeutic approach in myeloid neoplasms.
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30
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Simone D, Penkava F, Ridley A, Sansom S, Al-Mossawi MH, Bowness P. Single cell analysis of spondyloarthritis regulatory T cells identifies distinct synovial gene expression patterns and clonal fates. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1395. [PMID: 34907325 PMCID: PMC8671562 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in controlling inflammation and limiting autoimmunity, but their phenotypes at inflammatory sites in human disease are poorly understood. We here analyze the single-cell transcriptome of >16,000 Tregs obtained from peripheral blood and synovial fluid of two patients with HLA-B27+ ankylosing spondylitis and three patients with psoriatic arthritis, closely related forms of inflammatory spondyloarthritis. We identify multiple Treg clusters with distinct transcriptomic profiles, including, among others, a regulatory CD8+ subset expressing cytotoxic markers/genes, and a Th17-like RORC+ Treg subset characterized by IL-10 and LAG-3 expression. Synovial Tregs show upregulation of interferon signature and TNF receptor superfamily genes, and marked clonal expansion, consistent with tissue adaptation and antigen contact respectively. Individual synovial Treg clones map to different clusters indicating cell fate divergence. Finally, we demonstrate that LAG-3 directly inhibits IL-12/23 and TNF secretion by patient-derived monocytes, a mechanism with translational potential in SpA. Our detailed characterization of Tregs at an important inflammatory site illustrates the marked specialization of Treg subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Simone
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Frank Penkava
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Anna Ridley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Stephen Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Hussein Al-Mossawi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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31
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NF-κB regulation in maternal immunity during normal and IUGR pregnancies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20971. [PMID: 34697371 PMCID: PMC8545974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a leading cause of perinatal death with no effective cure, affecting 5-10% pregnancies globally. Suppressed pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 immunity is necessary for pregnancy success. However, in IUGR, the inflammatory response is enhanced and there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms that lead to this abnormality. Regulation of maternal T-cells during pregnancy is driven by Nuclear Factor Kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), and we have previously shown that p65 degradation in maternal T-cells is induced by Fas activation. Placental exosomes expressing Fas ligand (FasL) have an immunomodulatory function during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism and source of NF-κB regulation required for successful pregnancy, and whether this is abrogated in IUGR. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrate that p65+ Th1/Th17 cells are reduced during normal pregnancy, but not during IUGR, and this phenotype is enforced when non-pregnant T-cells are cultured with normal maternal plasma. We also show that isolated exosomes from IUGR plasma have decreased FasL expression and are reduced in number compared to exosomes from normal pregnancies. In this study, we highlight a potential role for FasL+ exosomes to regulate NF-κB p65 in T-cells during pregnancy, and provide the first evidence that decreased exosome production may contribute to the dysregulation of p65 and inflammation underlying IUGR pathogenesis.
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32
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Kondo N, Kuroda T, Kobayashi D. Cytokine Networks in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010922. [PMID: 34681582 PMCID: PMC8539723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic inflammation causing progressive joint damage that can lead to lifelong disability. The pathogenesis of RA involves a complex network of various cytokines and cells that trigger synovial cell proliferation and cause damage to both cartilage and bone. Involvement of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 is central to the pathogenesis of RA, but recent research has revealed that other cytokines such as IL-7, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, and IL-2 also play a role. Clarification of RA pathology has led to the development of therapeutic agents such as biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and further details of the immunological background to RA are emerging. This review covers existing knowledge regarding the roles of cytokines, related immune cells and the immune system in RA, manipulation of which may offer the potential for even safer and more effective treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kondo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Kuroda
- Health Administration Center, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-262-6244; Fax: +81-25-262-7517
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan;
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33
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Sjaastad LE, Owen DL, Tracy SI, Farrar MA. Phenotypic and Functional Diversity in Regulatory T Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715901. [PMID: 34631704 PMCID: PMC8495164 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that a subset of T cells exists that specifically suppresses immune responses was originally proposed over 50 years ago. It then took the next 30 years to solidify the concept of regulatory T cells (Tregs) into the paradigm we understand today - namely a subset of CD4+ FOXP3+ T-cells that are critical for controlling immune responses to self and commensal or environmental antigens that also play key roles in promoting tissue homeostasis and repair. Expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 is a defining feature of Tregs, while the cytokine IL2 is necessary for robust Treg development and function. While our initial conception of Tregs was as a monomorphic lineage required to suppress all types of immune responses, recent work has demonstrated extensive phenotypic and functional diversity within the Treg population. In this review we address the ontogeny, phenotype, and function of the large number of distinct effector Treg subsets that have been defined over the last 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa E. Sjaastad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - David L. Owen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sean I. Tracy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael A. Farrar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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34
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Shao Q, Gu J, Zhou J, Wang Q, Li X, Deng Z, Lu L. Tissue Tregs and Maintenance of Tissue Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717903. [PMID: 34490267 PMCID: PMC8418123 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) specifically expressing Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) play roles in suppressing the immune response and maintaining immune homeostasis. After maturation in the thymus, Tregs leave the thymus and migrate to lymphoid tissues or non-lymphoid tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that Tregs with unique characteristics also have significant effects on non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Tissue-resident Tregs, also called tissue Tregs, do not recirculate in the blood or lymphatics and attain a unique phenotype distinct from common Tregs in circulation. This review first summarizes the phenotype, function, and cytokine expression of these Tregs in visceral adipose tissue, skin, muscle, and other tissues. Then, how Tregs are generated, home, and are attracted to and remain resident in the tissue are discussed. Finally, how an increased understanding of these tissue Tregs might guide clinical treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Deng
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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35
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Insights into the biology and therapeutic implications of TNF and regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:487-504. [PMID: 34226727 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatments that block tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have major beneficial effects in several autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, some patients do not respond to TNF inhibitor treatment and rare occurrences of paradoxical disease exacerbation have been reported. These limitations on the clinical efficacy of TNF inhibitors can be explained by the differences between TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 signalling and by the diverse effects of TNF on multiple immune cells, including FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. This basic knowledge sheds light on the consequences of TNF inhibitor therapies on regulatory T cells in treated patients and on the limitations of such treatment in the control of diseases with an autoimmune component. Accordingly, the next generation of drugs targeting TNF is likely to be based on agents that selectively block the binding of TNF to TNFR1 and on TNFR2 agonists. These approaches could improve the treatment of rheumatic diseases in the future.
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36
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Cho HJ, Cheong JY. Role of Immune Cells in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158011. [PMID: 34360777 PMCID: PMC8348470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops almost entirely in the presence of chronic inflammation. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with recurrent immune-mediated liver damage ultimately leads to cirrhosis and HCC. It is widely accepted that HBV infection induces the dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune responses that engage various immune cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are associated with early antiviral and antitumor properties. On the other hand, inflammatory cells release various cytokines and chemokines that may promote HCC tumorigenesis. Moreover, immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressive cells play a critical role in hepatocarcinogenesis. HBV-specific CD8+ T cells have been identified as pivotal players in antiviral responses, whilst extremely activated CD8+ T cells induce enormous inflammatory responses, and chronic inflammation can facilitate hepatocarcinogenesis. Controlling and maintaining the balance in the immune system is an important aspect in the management of HBV-related HCC. We conducted a review of the current knowledge on the immunopathogenesis of HBV-induced inflammation and the role of such immune activation in the tumorigenesis of HCC based on the recent studies on innate and adaptive immune cell dysfunction in HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Youn Cheong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-6939; Fax: +82-31-219-5999
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37
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Hori S, Murakami R. The adaptability of regulatory T cells and Foxp3. Int Immunol 2021; 33:803-807. [PMID: 34297100 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells that express the lineage-defining transcription factor Foxp3 play a pivotal role in establishing and maintaining immune and tissue homeostasis. Foxp3 serves as a highly connected "hub", interacting with numerous genomic sites and partner proteins, in the molecular network that orchestrates multiple facets of Treg cell differentiation and function. Treg cells are distributed throughout the body from lymphoid tissues to most non-lymphoid tissues, where they exert anti-inflammatory and protective functions appropriate for the tissue and immune environment. They are thus capable of adapting to diverse and changing environments by dynamically integrating extrinsic cues with the intrinsic molecular network. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms underlying the adaptability of Treg cells and we propose a crucial role for the Foxp3-centered molecular network, which operates in a multimodal and adaptive manner in response to environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Hori
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Murakami
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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38
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Tang W, Saret S, Tian R, Wang H, Claudio E, Murphy PM, Siebenlist U. Bcl-3 suppresses differentiation of RORγt + regulatory T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:586-595. [PMID: 33525048 PMCID: PMC11005920 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert inhibitory function under various physiological conditions and adopt diverse characteristics following environmental cues. Multiple subsets of Tregs expressing master transcription factors of helper T cells such as RORγt, T-bet, Gata3 and PPARγ have been characterized, but the molecular mechanism governing the differentiation of these subsets remains largely unknown. Here we report that the atypical IκB protein family member Bcl-3 suppresses RORγt+ Treg accumulation. The suppressive effect of Bcl-3 was particularly evident in the mouse immune tolerance model of anti-CD3 therapy. Using conditional knockout mice, we illustrate that loss of Bcl-3 specifically in Tregs was sufficient to boost RORγt+ Treg formation and resistance of mice to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. We further demonstrate the suppressive effect of Bcl-3 on RORγt+ Treg differentiation in vitro. Our results reveal a novel role of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways in Treg subset differentiation that may have clinical implications in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhu Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sun Saret
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruxiao Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongshan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Estefania Claudio
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Philip M. Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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39
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Fulford TS, Grumont R, Wirasinha RC, Ellis D, Barugahare A, Turner SJ, Naeem H, Powell D, Lyons PA, Smith KGC, Scheer S, Zaph C, Klein U, Daley SR, Gerondakis S. c-Rel employs multiple mechanisms to promote the thymic development and peripheral function of regulatory T cells in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2006-2026. [PMID: 33960413 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor c-Rel is a critical regulator of Treg ontogeny, controlling multiple points of the stepwise developmental pathway. Here, we found that the thymic Treg defect in c-Rel-deficient (cRel-/- ) mice is quantitative, not qualitative, based on analyses of TCR repertoire and TCR signaling strength. However, these parameters are altered in the thymic Treg-precursor population, which is also markedly diminished in cRel-/- mice. Moreover, c-Rel governs the transcriptional programme of both thymic and peripheral Tregs, controlling a core of genes involved with immune signaling, and separately in the periphery, cell cycle progression. Last, the immune suppressive function of peripheral cRel-/- tTregs is diminished in a lymphopenic model of T cell proliferation and is associated with decreased stability of Foxp3 expression. Collectively, we show that c-Rel is a transcriptional regulator that controls multiple aspects of Treg development, differentiation, and function via distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Fulford
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raelene Grumont
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rushika C Wirasinha
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darcy Ellis
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adele Barugahare
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash Bioinformatics Platform, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Haroon Naeem
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Sebastian Scheer
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colby Zaph
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulf Klein
- Division of Haematology & Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 7TF
| | - Stephen R Daley
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steve Gerondakis
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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40
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Shahbaz S, Jovel J, Elahi S. Differential transcriptional and functional properties of regulatory T cells in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy and long-term non-progressors. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1289. [PMID: 34094548 PMCID: PMC8155695 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are widely recognised as a subset of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells that have a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis. The impact of HIV-1 infection on immunological properties and effector functions of Tregs has remained the topic of debate and controversy. In the present study, we investigated transcriptional profile and functional properties of Tregs in HIV-1-infected individuals either receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART, n = 50) or long-term non-progressors (LTNPs, n = 24) compared to healthy controls (HCs, n = 38). METHODS RNA sequencing (RNAseq), flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping and functional assays were performed to study Tregs in different HIV cohorts. RESULTS Our RNAseq analysis revealed that Tregs exhibit different transcriptional profiles in HIV-infected individuals. While Tregs from patients on ART upregulate pathways associated with a more suppressive (activated) phenotype, Tregs in LTNPs exhibit upregulation of pathways associated with impaired suppressive properties. These observations may explain a higher propensity for autoimmune diseases in LTNPs. Also, we found substantial upregulation of HLA-F mRNA and HLA-F protein in Tregs from HIV-infected subjects compared to healthy individuals. These observations highlight a potential role for this non-classical HLA in Tregs in the context of HIV infection, which should be investigated further in other chronic viral infections and cancer. CONCLUSION Our study has provided a novel insight into Tregs at the transcriptional and functional levels in different HIV-infected groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahbaz
- School of DentistryFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Juan Jovel
- School of DentistryFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of DentistryFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
- Department of OncologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of VirologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
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41
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Liu Y, Li C, Yang Y, Li T, Xu Y, Zhang W, Li M, Xiao Y, Hu J, Liu K, Li Q, Gui M, Zuo X, Li Y, Zhang H. The TGF-β/miR-31/CEACAM1-S axis inhibits CD4 + CD25 + Treg differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:697-710. [PMID: 33655578 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Defects causing concomitant loss of CD25 expression in regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been identified in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the cause of this deficiency is not fully understood. Carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), an immune co-receptor, contributes to general T-cell function and activation. Our previous study revealed that CEACAM1 expression was upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with SLE. However, its role remains unclear. Herein, we confirmed CEACAM1, especially CEACAM1-S, was upregulated in PBMCs from patients with SLE. CEACAM1-S over-expression inhibits CD4+ CD25+ Treg differentiation, whereas knockdown of CEACAM1 had the opposite effect in vitro. CEACAM1-S is the target of miR-31. MiR-31 mimic inhibits CEACAM1 expression and enhances CD4+ CD25+ Treg differentiation, which was reversed by CEACAM1-S over-expression. Moreover, the circulating TGF-β level was upregulated in SLE patients and TGF-β reduced miR-31 expression via enhancing NF-κB activity. Importantly, CEACAM1 and TGF-β mRNA levels were downregulated, while the miR-31 level and the abundance of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs were increased in inactive patients compared with that in patients with active SLE. In addition, CEACAM1-S expression was positively correlated with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score, while CD4+ CD25+ Treg abundance and miR-31 level were negatively correlated with the SLEDAI score. In conclusion, reduced activity of miR-31 by TGF-β, via the inhibition of NF-ᴋB, acted to inhibit the differentiation of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs by directly targeting CEACAM1-S and to promote autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha City, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Caiyan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha City, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha City, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha City, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha City, China
| | - Wenqin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha City, China
| | - Muyuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha City, China
| | - Yizhi Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha City, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha City, China
| | - Quanzhen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ming Gui
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yisha Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha City, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
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42
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Sogkas G, Atschekzei F, Adriawan IR, Dubrowinskaja N, Witte T, Schmidt RE. Cellular and molecular mechanisms breaking immune tolerance in inborn errors of immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1122-1140. [PMID: 33795850 PMCID: PMC8015752 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to susceptibility to infections, conventional primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) and inborn errors of immunity (IEI) can cause immune dysregulation, manifesting as lymphoproliferative and/or autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity can be the prominent phenotype of PIDs and commonly includes cytopenias and rheumatological diseases, such as arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjogren's syndrome (SjS). Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of systemic autoimmune diseases and PIDs suggest an at least partially shared genetic background and therefore common pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we explore the interconnected pathogenic pathways of autoimmunity and primary immunodeficiency, highlighting the mechanisms breaking the different layers of immune tolerance to self-antigens in selected IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Sogkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany.
| | - Faranaz Atschekzei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany
| | - Ignatius Ryan Adriawan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany
| | - Natalia Dubrowinskaja
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Ernst Schmidt
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hanover, Germany
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43
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Xu C, Fu Y, Liu S, Trittipo J, Lu X, Qi R, Du H, Yan C, Zhang C, Wan J, Kaplan MH, Yang K. BATF Regulates T Regulatory Cell Functional Specification and Fitness of Triglyceride Metabolism in Restraining Allergic Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2088-2100. [PMID: 33879580 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Preserving appropriate function and metabolism in regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial for controlling immune tolerance and inflammatory responses. Yet how Treg cells coordinate cellular metabolic programs to support their functional specification remains elusive. In this study, we report that BATF couples the TH2-suppressive function and triglyceride (TG) metabolism in Treg cells for controlling allergic airway inflammation and IgE responses. Mice with Treg-specific ablation of BATF developed an inflammatory disorder characterized by TH2-type dominant responses and were predisposed to house dust mite-induced airway inflammation. Loss of BATF enabled Treg cells to acquire TH2 cell-like characteristics. Moreover, BATF-deficient Treg cells displayed elevated levels of cellular TGs, and repressing or elevating TGs, respectively, restored or exacerbated their defects. Mechanistically, TCR/CD28 costimulation enhanced expression and function of BATF, which sustained IRF4 activity to preserve Treg cell functionality. Thus, our studies reveal that BATF links Treg cell functional specification and fitness of cellular TGs to control allergic responses, and suggest that therapeutic targeting of TG metabolism could be used for the treatment of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxian Xu
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yongyao Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sheng Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jack Trittipo
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Rong Qi
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN; and
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jun Wan
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kai Yang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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44
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Gaborit BJ, Roquilly A, Louvet C, Sadek A, Tessoulin B, Broquet A, Jacqueline C, Vourc'h M, Chaumette T, Chauveau M, Asquier A, Bourdiol A, Le Mabecque V, Davieau M, Caillon J, Boutoille D, Coulpier F, Lemoine S, Ronin E, Poschmann J, Salomon BL, Asehnoune K. Regulatory T Cells Expressing Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 2 Play a Major Role in CD4+ T-Cell Impairment During Sepsis. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1222-1234. [PMID: 32697326 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis causes inflammation-induced immunosuppression with lymphopenia and alterations of CD4+ T-cell functions that renders the host prone to secondary infections. Whether and how regulatory T cells (Treg) are involved in this postseptic immunosuppression is unknown. We observed in vivo that early activation of Treg during Staphylococcus aureus sepsis induces CD4+ T-cell impairment and increases susceptibility to secondary pneumonia. The tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 positive (TNFR2pos) Treg subset endorsed the majority of effector immunosuppressive functions, and TNRF2 was particularly associated with activation of genes involved in cell cycle and replication in Treg, probably explaining their maintenance. Blocking or deleting TNFR2 during sepsis decreased the susceptibility to secondary infection. In humans, our data paralleled those in mice; the expression of CTLA-4 was dramatically increased in TNFR2pos Treg after culture in vitro with S. aureus. Our findings describe in vivo mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced immunosuppression and identify TNFR2pos Treg as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Gaborit
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Nantes, CIC, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hotel Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Louvet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Abderrahmane Sadek
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Benoit Tessoulin
- Service d'Hématologie, INSERM U1232, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Broquet
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Jacqueline
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mickael Vourc'h
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hotel Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tanguy Chaumette
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Chauveau
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Nantes, CIC, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Asquier
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Nantes, CIC, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandre Bourdiol
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hotel Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Le Mabecque
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Davieau
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jocelyne Caillon
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - David Boutoille
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Nantes, CIC, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Fanny Coulpier
- Institut de Biologie , École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lemoine
- Institut de Biologie , École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Ronin
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Poschmann
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Benoit L Salomon
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Karim Asehnoune
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hotel Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
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45
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Permanyer M, Bošnjak B, Glage S, Friedrichsen M, Floess S, Huehn J, Patzer GE, Odak I, Eckert N, Zargari R, Ospina-Quintero L, Georgiev H, Förster R. Efficient IL-2R signaling differentially affects the stability, function, and composition of the regulatory T-cell pool. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:398-414. [PMID: 33408345 PMCID: PMC8027001 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling via interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a requisite for regulatory T (Treg) cell identity and function. However, it is not completely understood to what degree IL-2R signaling is required for Treg cell homeostasis, lineage stability and function in both resting and inflammatory conditions. Here, we characterized a spontaneous mutant mouse strain endowed with a hypomorphic Tyr129His variant of CD25, the α-chain of IL-2R, which resulted in diminished receptor expression and reduced IL-2R signaling. Under noninflammatory conditions, Cd25Y129H mice harbored substantially lower numbers of peripheral Treg cells with stable Foxp3 expression that prevented the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease. In contrast, Cd25Y129H Treg cells failed to efficiently induce immune suppression and lost lineage commitment in a T-cell transfer colitis model, indicating that unimpaired IL-2R signaling is critical for Treg cell function in inflammatory environments. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing of Treg cells revealed that impaired IL-2R signaling profoundly affected the balance of central and effector Treg cell subsets. Thus, partial loss of IL-2R signaling differentially interferes with the maintenance, heterogeneity, and suppressive function of the Treg cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Permanyer
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Berislav Bošnjak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Floess
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Odak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Eckert
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Razieh Zargari
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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46
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are distinctive sites exposed to environmental, dietary, and microbial antigens. Particularly in the gut, the host continuously actively adapts via complex interactions between the microbiota and dietary compounds and immune and other tissue cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for tuning the intestinal immune response to self- and non-self-antigens in the intestine. Its importance in intestinal homeostasis is illustrated by the onset of overt inflammation caused by deficiency in Treg generation, function, or stability in the gut. A substantial imbalance in Tregs has been observed in intestinal tissue during pathogenic conditions, when a tightly regulated and equilibrated system becomes dysregulated and leads to unimpeded and chronic immune responses. In this chapter, we compile and critically discuss the current knowledge on the key factors that promote Treg-mediated tolerance in the gut, such as those involved in intestinal Treg differentiation, specificity and suppressive function, and their immunophenotype during health and disease. We also discuss the current state of knowledge on Treg dysregulation in human intestine during pathological states such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and colorectal cancer (CRC), and how that knowledge is guiding development of Treg-targeted therapies to treat or prevent intestinal disorders.
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47
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Protein Prenylation Drives Discrete Signaling Programs for the Differentiation and Maintenance of Effector T reg Cells. Cell Metab 2020; 32:996-1011.e7. [PMID: 33207246 PMCID: PMC7887758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Effector regulatory T (eTreg) cells are essential for immune tolerance and depend upon T cell receptor (TCR) signals for generation. The immunometabolic signaling mechanisms that promote the differentiation and maintenance of eTreg cells remain unclear. Here, we show that isoprenoid-dependent posttranslational lipid modifications dictate eTreg cell accumulation and function by intersecting with TCR-induced intracellular signaling. We find that isoprenoids are essential for activated Treg cell suppressive activity, and Treg cell-specific deletion of the respective farnesylation- and geranylgeranylation-promoting enzymes Fntb or Pggt1b leads to the development of fatal autoimmunity, associated with reduced eTreg cell accumulation. Mechanistically, Fntb promotes eTreg cell maintenance by regulating mTORC1 activity and ICOS expression. In contrast, Pggt1b acts as a rheostat of TCR-dependent transcriptional programming and Rac-mediated signaling for establishment of eTreg cell differentiation and immune tolerance. Therefore, our results identify bidirectional metabolic signaling, specifically between immunoreceptor signaling and metabolism-mediated posttranslational lipid modifications, for the differentiation and maintenance of eTreg cells.
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48
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Blanchett S, Boal-Carvalho I, Layzell S, Seddon B. NF-κB and Extrinsic Cell Death Pathways - Entwined Do-or-Die Decisions for T cells. Trends Immunol 2020; 42:76-88. [PMID: 33246882 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB signaling is required at multiple stages of T cell development and function. The NF-κB pathway integrates signals from many receptors and involves diverse adapters and kinases. Recent advances demonstrate that kinases controlling NF-κB activation, such as the IKK complex, serve dual independent functions because they also control cell death checkpoints. Survival functions previously attributed to NF-κB are in fact mediated by these upstream kinases by novel mechanisms. This new understanding has led to a refined view of how NF-κB and cell death signaling are interlinked and how they regulate cell fate. We discuss how NF-κB activation and control of cell death signaling by common upstream triggers cooperate to regulate different aspects of T cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Blanchett
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Ines Boal-Carvalho
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Scott Layzell
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Benedict Seddon
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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49
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Wang K, Fu W. Transcriptional regulation of Treg homeostasis and functional specification. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4269-4287. [PMID: 32350553 PMCID: PMC7606275 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are key players in keeping excessive inflammation in check. Mounting evidence has shown that Treg cells exert much more diverse functions in both immunological and non-immunological processes. The development, maintenance and functional specification of Treg cells are regulated by multilayered factors, including antigens and TCR signaling, cytokines, epigenetic modifiers and transcription factors (TFs). In the review, we will focus on TFs by summarizing their unique and redundant roles in Treg cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We will also discuss the recent advances of Treg trajectories between lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid tissues. This review will provide an updated view of the newly identified TFs and new functions of known TFs in Treg biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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50
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The many-sided contributions of NF-κB to T-cell biology in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 361:245-300. [PMID: 34074496 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
T cells (or T lymphocytes) exhibit a myriad of functions in immune responses, ranging from pathogen clearance to autoimmunity, cancer and even non-lymphoid tissue homeostasis. Therefore, deciphering the molecular mechanisms orchestrating their specification, function and gene expression pattern is critical not only for our comprehension of fundamental biology, but also for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Among the master regulators of T-cell identity, the functions of the NF-κB family of transcription factors have been under scrutiny for several decades. However, a more precise understanding of their pleiotropic functions is only just emerging. In this review we will provide a global overview of the roles of NF-κB in the different flavors of mature T cells. We aim at highlighting the complex and sometimes diverging roles of the five NF-κB subunits in health and disease.
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