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Bonzano S, Dallorto E, Bovetti S, Studer M, De Marchis S. Mitochondrial regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Insights into neurological function and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106604. [PMID: 39002810 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential regulators of cellular energy metabolism and play a crucial role in the maintenance and function of neuronal cells. Studies in the last decade have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in adult neurogenesis, a process that significantly influences cognitive function and brain plasticity. In this review, we examine the mechanisms by which mitochondria regulate adult neurogenesis, focusing on the impact of mitochondrial function on the behavior of neural stem/progenitor cells and the maturation and plasticity of newborn neurons in the adult mouse hippocampus. In addition, we explore the link between mitochondrial dysfunction, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and genes associated with cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, we provide insights into how alterations in the transcriptional regulator NR2F1 affect mitochondrial dynamics and may contribute to the pathophysiology of the emerging neurodevelopmental disorder Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS). Understanding how genes involved in embryonic and adult neurogenesis affect mitochondrial function in neurological diseases might open new directions for therapeutic interventions aimed at boosting mitochondrial function during postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dallorto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy; Institute de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Université Cote d'Azur (UCA), CNRS 7277, Inserm 1091, Avenue Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Michèle Studer
- Institute de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Université Cote d'Azur (UCA), CNRS 7277, Inserm 1091, Avenue Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy.
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2
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Geigenmüller JN, Tari AR, Wisloff U, Walker TL. The relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39166771 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood in the hippocampus and contributes to specific cognitive functions. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the hippocampus is affected by pathology and functional impairment early in the disease. Human AD patients have reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) levels compared to age-matched healthy controls. Similarly, rodent AD models show a decrease in AHN before the onset of the classical hallmarks of AD pathology. Conversely, enhancement of AHN can protect against AD pathology and ameliorate memory deficits in both rodents and humans. Therefore, impaired AHN may be a contributing factor of AD-associated cognitive decline, rather than an effect of it. In this review we outline the regulation and function of AHN in healthy individuals, and highlight the relationship between AHN dysfunction and cognitive impairments in AD. The existence of AHN in humans and its relevance in AD patients will also be discussed, with an outlook toward future research directions. HIGHLIGHTS: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in the brains of mammals including humans. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in Alzheimer's disease in humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atefe R Tari
- The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tara L Walker
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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3
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Li YM, Ji Y, Meng YX, Kim YJ, Lee H, Kurian AG, Park JH, Yoon JY, Knowles JC, Choi Y, Kim YS, Yoon BE, Singh RK, Lee HH, Kim HW, Lee JH. Neural Tissue-Like, not Supraphysiological, Electrical Conductivity Stimulates Neuronal Lineage Specification through Calcium Signaling and Epigenetic Modification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400586. [PMID: 38984490 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Electrical conductivity is a pivotal biophysical factor for neural interfaces, though optimal values remain controversial due to challenges isolating this cue. To address this issue, conductive substrates made of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide nanoribbons, exhibiting a spectrum of conductivities from 0.02 to 3.2 S m-1, while controlling other surface properties is designed. The focus is to ascertain whether varying conductivity in isolation has any discernable impact on neural lineage specification. Remarkably, neural-tissue-like low conductivity (0.02-0.1 S m-1) prompted neural stem/progenitor cells to exhibit a greater propensity toward neuronal lineage specification (neurons and oligodendrocytes, not astrocytes) compared to high supraphysiological conductivity (3.2 S m-1). High conductivity instigated the apoptotic process, characterized by increased apoptotic fraction and decreased neurogenic morphological features, primarily due to calcium overload. Conversely, cells exposed to physiological conductivity displayed epigenetic changes, specifically increased chromatin openness with H3acetylation (H3ac) and neurogenic-transcription-factor activation, along with a more balanced intracellular calcium response. The pharmacological inhibition of H3ac further supported the idea that such epigenetic changes might play a key role in driving neuronal specification in response to neural-tissue-like, not supraphysiological, conductive cues. These findings underscore the necessity of optimal conductivity when designing neural interfaces and scaffolds to stimulate neuronal differentiation and facilitate the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Meng Li
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseong Ji
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Xuan Meng
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwalim Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Amal George Kurian
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Yunkyu Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sik Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendra K Singh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Four NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
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Crisci I, Bonzano S, Nicolas Z, Dallorto E, Peretto P, Krezel W, De Marchis S. Tamoxifen exerts direct and microglia-mediated effects preventing neuroinflammatory changes in the adult mouse hippocampal neurogenic niche. Glia 2024; 72:1273-1289. [PMID: 38515286 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen-inducible systems are widely used in research to control Cre-mediated gene deletion in genetically modified animals. Beyond Cre activation, tamoxifen also exerts off-target effects, whose consequences are still poorly addressed. Here, we investigated the impact of tamoxifen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory responses, focusing on the neurogenic activity in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. We demonstrated that a four-day LPS treatment led to an increase in microglia, astrocytes and radial glial cells with concomitant reduction of newborn neurons. These effects were counteracted by a two-day tamoxifen pre-treatment. Through selective microglia depletion, we elucidated that both LPS and tamoxifen influenced astrogliogenesis via microglia mediated mechanisms, while the effects on neurogenesis persisted even in a microglia-depleted environment. Notably, changes in radial glial cells resulted from a combination of microglia-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Overall, our data reveal that tamoxifen treatment per se does not alter the balance between adult neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis but does modulate cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli exerting a protective role within the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Crisci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Zinter Nicolas
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Eleonora Dallorto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Wojciech Krezel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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5
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Caruso MG, Nicolas S, Lucassen PJ, Mul JD, O’Leary OF, Nolan YM. Ageing, Cognitive Decline, and Effects of Physical Exercise: Complexities, and Considerations from Animal Models. Brain Plast 2024; 9:43-73. [PMID: 38993577 PMCID: PMC11234681 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-230157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In our ageing global population, the cognitive decline associated with dementia and neurodegenerative diseases represents a major healthcare problem. To date, there are no effective treatments for age-related cognitive impairment, thus preventative strategies are urgently required. Physical exercise is gaining traction as a non-pharmacological approach to promote brain health. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), a unique form of brain plasticity which is necessary for certain cognitive functions declines with age and is enhanced in response to exercise. Accumulating evidence from research in rodents suggests that physical exercise has beneficial effects on cognition through its proneurogenic capabilities. Given ethical and technical limitations in human studies, preclinical research in rodents is crucial for a better understanding of such exercise-induced brain and behavioural changes. In this review, exercise paradigms used in preclinical research are compared. We provide an overview of the effects of different exercise paradigms on age-related cognitive decline from middle-age until older-age. We discuss the relationship between the age-related decrease in AHN and the potential impact of exercise on mitigating this decline. We highlight the emerging literature on the impact of exercise on gut microbiota during ageing and consider the role of the gut-brain axis as a future possible strategy to optimize exercise-enhanced cognitive function. Finally, we propose a guideline for designing optimal exercise protocols in rodent studies, which would inform clinical research and contribute to developing preventative strategies for age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Caruso
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Nicolas
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joram D. Mul
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia F. O’Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M. Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
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Forcella P, Ifflander N, Rolando C, Balta EA, Lampada A, Giachino C, Mukhtar T, Bock T, Taylor V. SAFB regulates hippocampal stem cell fate by targeting Drosha to destabilize Nfib mRNA. eLife 2024; 13:e74940. [PMID: 38722021 PMCID: PMC11149935 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent and correct fate determination is crucial to guarantee brain formation and homeostasis. How NSCs are instructed to generate neuronal or glial progeny is not well understood. Here, we addressed how murine adult hippocampal NSC fate is regulated and described how scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB) blocks oligodendrocyte production to enable neuron generation. We found that SAFB prevents NSC expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor I/B (NFIB) by binding to sequences in the Nfib mRNA and enhancing Drosha-dependent cleavage of the transcripts. We show that increasing SAFB expression prevents oligodendrocyte production by multipotent adult NSCs, and conditional deletion of Safb increases NFIB expression and oligodendrocyte formation in the adult hippocampus. Our results provide novel insights into a mechanism that controls Drosha functions for selective regulation of NSC fate by modulating the post-transcriptional destabilization of Nfib mRNA in a lineage-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Forcella
- Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Chiara Rolando
- Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Biosciences, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Elli-Anna Balta
- Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Tanzila Mukhtar
- Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Bock
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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Tiwari S, Phoolmala, Goyal S, Yadav RK, Chaturvedi RK. Bisphenol-F and Bisphenol-S (BPF and BPS) Impair the Stemness of Neural Stem Cells and Neuronal Fate Decision in the Hippocampus Leading to Cognitive Dysfunctions. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04160-1. [PMID: 38635025 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the hippocampus of the brain, and many environmental toxicants inhibit neural stem cell (NSC) function and neuronal generation. Bisphenol-A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter used for surface coating of plastic products causes injury in the developing and adult brain; thus, many countries have banned its usage in plastic consumer products. BPA analogs/alternatives such as bisphenol-F (BPF) and bisphenol-S (BPS) may also cause neurotoxicity; however, their effects on neurogenesis are still not known. We studied the effects of BPF and BPS exposure from gestational day 6 to postnatal day 21 on neurogenesis. We found that exposure to non-cytotoxic concentrations of BPF and BPS significantly decreased the number/size of neurospheres, BrdU+ (proliferating NSC marker) and MAP-2+ (neuronal marker) cells and GFAP+ astrocytes in the hippocampus NSC culture, suggesting reduced NSC stemness and self-renewal and neuronal differentiation and increased gliogenesis. These analogs also reduced the number of BrdU/Sox-2+, BrdU/Dcx+, and BrdU/NeuN+ co-labeled cells in the hippocampus of the rat brain, suggesting decreased NSC proliferation and impaired maturation of newborn neurons. BPF and BPS treatment increases BrdU/cleaved caspase-3+ cells and Bax-2 and cleaved caspase protein levels, leading to increased apoptosis in hippocampal NSCs. Transmission electron microscopy studies suggest that BPF and BPS also caused degeneration of neuronal myelin sheath, altered mitochondrial morphology, and reduced number of synapses in the hippocampus leading to altered cognitive functions. These results suggest that BPF and BPS exposure decreased the NSC pool, inhibited neurogenesis, induced apoptosis of NSCs, caused myelin degeneration/synapse degeneration, and impaired learning and memory in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Tiwari
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Phoolmala
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shweta Goyal
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar Yadav
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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8
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Gomez Ramos B, Ohnmacht J, de Lange N, Valceschini E, Ginolhac A, Catillon M, Ferrante D, Rakovic A, Halder R, Massart F, Arena G, Antony P, Bolognin S, Klein C, Krause R, Schulz MH, Sauter T, Krüger R, Sinkkonen L. Multiomics analysis identifies novel facilitators of human dopaminergic neuron differentiation. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:254-285. [PMID: 38177910 PMCID: PMC10897179 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) control voluntary movement, cognition, and reward behavior under physiological conditions and are implicated in human diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Many transcription factors (TFs) controlling human mDAN differentiation during development have been described, but much of the regulatory landscape remains undefined. Using a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) human iPSC reporter line, we here generate time series transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of purified mDANs during differentiation. Integrative analysis predicts novel regulators of mDAN differentiation and super-enhancers are used to identify key TFs. We find LBX1, NHLH1 and NR2F1/2 to promote mDAN differentiation and show that overexpression of either LBX1 or NHLH1 can also improve mDAN specification. A more detailed investigation of TF targets reveals that NHLH1 promotes the induction of neuronal miR-124, LBX1 regulates cholesterol biosynthesis, and NR2F1/2 controls neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Gomez Ramos
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jochen Ohnmacht
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nikola de Lange
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elena Valceschini
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélien Ginolhac
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Catillon
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Daniele Ferrante
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Aleksandar Rakovic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - François Massart
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roland Krause
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1445, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Lasse Sinkkonen
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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9
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Lu JJ, Wu PF, He JG, Li YK, Long LH, Yao XP, Yang JH, Chen HS, Zhang XN, Hu ZL, Chen Z, Wang F, Chen JG. BNIP3L/NIX-mediated mitophagy alleviates passive stress-coping behaviors induced by tumor necrosis factor-α. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5062-5076. [PMID: 36914810 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies based on animal models of various neurological disorders have indicated that mitophagy, a selective autophagy that eliminates damaged and superfluous mitochondria through autophagic degradation, may be involved in various neurological diseases. As an important mechanism of cellular stress response, much less is known about the role of mitophagy in stress-related mood disorders. Here, we found that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), an inflammation cytokine that plays a particular role in stress responses, impaired the mitophagy in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) via triggering degradation of an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, NIP3-like protein X (NIX). The deficits in the NIX-mediated mitophagy by TNF-α led to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which triggered synaptic defects and behavioral abnormalities. Genetic ablation of NIX in the excitatory neurons of mPFC caused passive coping behaviors to stress, and overexpression of NIX in the mPFC improved TNF-α-induced synaptic and behavioral abnormalities. Notably, ketamine, a rapid on-set and long-lasting antidepressant, reversed the TNF-α-induced behavioral abnormalities through activation of NIX-mediated mitophagy. Furthermore, the downregulation of NIX level was also observed in the blood of major depressive disorder patients and the mPFC tissue of animal models. Infliximab, a clinically used TNF-α antagonist, alleviated both chronic stress- and inflammation-induced behavioral abnormalities via restoring NIX level. Taken together, these results suggest that NIX-mediated mitophagy links inflammation signaling to passive coping behaviors to stress, which underlies the pathophysiology of stress-related emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin-Gang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Ke Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xia-Ping Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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10
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Green CL, Trautman ME, Chaiyakul K, Jain R, Alam YH, Babygirija R, Pak HH, Sonsalla MM, Calubag MF, Yeh CY, Bleicher A, Novak G, Liu TT, Newman S, Ricke WA, Matkowskyj KA, Ong IM, Jang C, Simcox J, Lamming DW. Dietary restriction of isoleucine increases healthspan and lifespan of genetically heterogeneous mice. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1976-1995.e6. [PMID: 37939658 PMCID: PMC10655617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-protein diets promote health and longevity in diverse species. Restriction of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine recapitulates many of these benefits in young C57BL/6J mice. Restriction of dietary isoleucine (IleR) is sufficient to promote metabolic health and is required for many benefits of a low-protein diet in C57BL/6J males. Here, we test the hypothesis that IleR will promote healthy aging in genetically heterogeneous adult UM-HET3 mice. We find that IleR improves metabolic health in young and old HET3 mice, promoting leanness and glycemic control in both sexes, and reprograms hepatic metabolism in a sex-specific manner. IleR reduces frailty and extends the lifespan of male and female mice, but to a greater degree in males. Our results demonstrate that IleR increases healthspan and longevity in genetically diverse mice and suggests that IleR, or pharmaceuticals that mimic this effect, may have potential as a geroprotective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michaela E Trautman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Krittisak Chaiyakul
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Raghav Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yasmine H Alam
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Reji Babygirija
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Heidi H Pak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michelle M Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mariah F Calubag
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Anneliese Bleicher
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Grace Novak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Teresa T Liu
- George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 93705, USA
| | - Sarah Newman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Will A Ricke
- George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 93705, USA
| | - Kristina A Matkowskyj
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Irene M Ong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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11
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Gallardo-Caballero M, Rodríguez-Moreno CB, Álvarez-Méndez L, Terreros-Roncal J, Flor-García M, Moreno-Jiménez EP, Rábano A, Llorens-Martín M. Prolonged fixation and post-mortem delay impede the study of adult neurogenesis in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:978. [PMID: 37741930 PMCID: PMC10517969 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) gives rise to new neurons throughout life. This phenomenon takes place in more than 120 mammalian species, including humans, yet its occurrence in the latter was questioned after one study proposed the putative absence of neurogenesis markers in the adult human hippocampus. In this regard, we showed that prolonged fixation impedes the visualization of Doublecortin+ immature neurons in this structure, whereas other authors have suggested that a dilated post-mortem delay (PMD) underlies these discrepancies. Nevertheless, the individual and/or additive contribution of fixation and the PMD to the detection (or lack thereof) of other AHN markers has not been studied to date. To address this pivotal question, we used a tightly controlled experimental design in mice, which allowed the dissection of the relative contribution of the aforementioned factors to the visualization of markers of individual AHN stages. Fixation time emerged as the most prominent factor globally impeding the study of this process in mice. Moreover, the visualization of other particularly sensitive epitopes was further prevented by prolonged PMD. These results are crucial to disambiguate current controversies related to the occurrence of AHN not only in humans but also in other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gallardo-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C B Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Álvarez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Terreros-Roncal
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Flor-García
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - E P Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Lampada A, Taylor V. Notch signaling as a master regulator of adult neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1179011. [PMID: 37457009 PMCID: PMC10339389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1179011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis ceases in most regions of the mammalian brain before or shortly after birth, however, in a few restricted brain regions, the production of new neurons proceeds into adulthood. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in these neurogenic zones are integrated into niches that control their activity and fate. Most stem cells in the adult brain are mitotically inactive and these cells can remain quiescent for months or even years. One of the key questions is what are the molecular mechanisms that regulate NSC maintenance and differentiation. Notch signaling has been shown to be a critical regulator of stem cell activity and maintenance in many tissues including in the nervous system. In this mini-review we discuss the roles of Notch signaling and the functions of the different Notch receptors and ligands in regulating neurogenesis in the adult murine brain. We review the functions of Notch signaling components in controlling NSC quiescence and entry into cell cycle and neurogenesis.
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13
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Lopes PC, Faber-Hammond JJ, Siemonsma C, Patel S, Renn SCP. The social environment alters neural responses to a lipopolysaccharide challenge. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:162-174. [PMID: 36878331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sick animals display drastic changes in their behavioral patterns, including decreased activity, decreased food and water intake, and decreased interest in social interactions. These behaviors, collectively called "sickness behaviors", can be socially modulated. For example, when provided with mating opportunities, males of several species show reduced sickness behaviors. While the behavior is known to change, how the social environment affects neural molecular responses to sickness is not known. Here, we used a species, the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, where males have been shown to decrease sickness behaviors when presented with novel females. Using this paradigm, we obtained samples from three brain regions (the hypothalamus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the nucleus taeniae) from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or control treated males housed under four different social environments. Manipulation of the social environment rapidly changed the strength and co-expression patterns of the neural molecular responses to the immune challenge in all brain regions tested, therefore suggesting that the social environment plays a significant role in determining the neural responses to an infection. In particular, brains of males paired with a novel female showed muted immune responses to LPS, as well as altered synaptic signaling. Neural metabolic activity in response to the LPS challenge was also affected by the social environment. Our results provide new insights into the effects of the social environment on brain responses to an infection, thereby improving our understanding of how the social environment can affect health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Lopes
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
| | | | - Chandler Siemonsma
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Suzy C P Renn
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
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14
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Lee E, Park SY, Moon JY, Ko JY, Kim TK, Im GI. Metabolic Switch Under Glucose Deprivation Leading to Discovery of NR2F1 as a Stimulus of Osteoblast Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1382-1399. [PMID: 35462433 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poor survival of grafted cells is the major impediment of successful cell-based therapies for bone regeneration. Implanted cells undergo rapid death in an ischemic environment largely because of hypoxia and metabolic stress from glucose deficiency. Understanding the intracellular metabolic processes and finding genes that can improve cell survival in these inhospitable conditions are necessary to enhance the success of cell therapies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate changes of metabolic profile in glucose-deprived human bone marrow stromal/stem cells (hBMSCs) through metabolomics analysis and discover genes that could promote cell survival and osteogenic differentiation in a glucose-deprived microenvironment. Metabolomics analysis was performed to determine metabolic changes in a glucose stress metabolic model. In the absence of glucose, expression levels of all metabolites involved in glycolysis were significantly decreased than those in a glucose-supplemented state. In glucose-deprived osteogenic differentiation, reliance on tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)-predicted oxidative phosphorylation instead of glycolysis as the main mechanism for energy production in osteogenic induction. By comparing differentially expressed genes between glucose-deprived and glucose-supplemented hBMSCs, NR2F1 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F Member 1) gene was discovered to be associated with enhanced survival and osteogenic differentiation in cells under metabolic stress. Small, interfering RNA (siRNA) for NR2F1 reduced cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs under glucose-supplemented conditions whereas NR2F1 overexpression enhanced osteogenic differentiation and cell survival of hBMSCs in glucose-deprived osteogenic conditions via the protein kinase B (AKT)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. NR2F1-transfected hBMSCs significantly enhanced new bone formation in a critical size long-bone defect of rats compared with control vector-transfected hBMSCs. In conclusion, the results of this study provide an understanding of the metabolic profile of implanted cells in an ischemic microenvironment and demonstrate that NR2F1 treatment may overcome this deprivation by enhancing AKT and ERK regulation. These findings can be utilized in regenerative medicine for bone regeneration. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lee
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Park
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Moon
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Ko
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Kim
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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15
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Grade S, Thomas J, Zarb Y, Thorwirth M, Conzelmann KK, Hauck SM, Götz M. Brain injury environment critically influences the connectivity of transplanted neurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg9445. [PMID: 35687687 PMCID: PMC9187233 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation is a promising approach for the reconstruction of neuronal circuits after brain damage. Transplanted neurons integrate with remarkable specificity into circuitries of the mouse cerebral cortex affected by neuronal ablation. However, it remains unclear how neurons perform in a local environment undergoing reactive gliosis, inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and scar formation, as in traumatic brain injury (TBI). To elucidate this, we transplanted cells from the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex into TBI-injured, inflamed-only, or intact cortex of adult mice. Brain-wide quantitative monosynaptic rabies virus (RABV) tracing unraveled graft inputs from correct regions across the brain in all conditions, with pronounced quantitative differences: scarce in intact and inflamed brain versus exuberant after TBI. In the latter, the initial overshoot is followed by pruning, with only a few input neurons persisting at 3 months. Proteomic profiling identifies candidate molecules for regulation of the synaptic yield, a pivotal parameter to tailor for functional restoration of neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Grade
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Corresponding author. (S.G.); (S.M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Judith Thomas
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yvette Zarb
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manja Thorwirth
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute Virology, Medical Faculty and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Corresponding author. (S.G.); (S.M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Corresponding author. (S.G.); (S.M.H.); (M.G.)
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16
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Bouvier DS, Fixemer S, Heurtaux T, Jeannelle F, Frauenknecht KBM, Mittelbronn M. The Multifaceted Neurotoxicity of Astrocytes in Ageing and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Translational Perspective. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814889. [PMID: 35370777 PMCID: PMC8969602 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a healthy physiological context, astrocytes are multitasking cells contributing to central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, defense, and immunity. In cell culture or rodent models of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), numerous studies have shown that astrocytes can adopt neurotoxic phenotypes that could enhance disease progression. Chronic inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, unbalanced phagocytosis, or alteration of their core physiological roles are the main manifestations of their detrimental states. However, if astrocytes are directly involved in brain deterioration by exerting neurotoxic functions in patients with NDDs is still controversial. The large spectrum of NDDs, with often overlapping pathologies, and the technical challenges associated with the study of human brain samples complexify the analysis of astrocyte involvement in specific neurodegenerative cascades. With this review, we aim to provide a translational overview about the multi-facets of astrocyte neurotoxicity ranging from in vitro findings over mouse and human cell-based studies to rodent NDDs research and finally evidence from patient-related research. We also discuss the role of ageing in astrocytes encompassing changes in physiology and response to pathologic stimuli and how this may prime detrimental responses in NDDs. To conclude, we discuss how potentially therapeutic strategies could be adopted to alleviate or reverse astrocytic toxicity and their potential to impact neurodegeneration and dementia progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Bouvier
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: David S. Bouvier,
| | - Sonja Fixemer
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Félicia Jeannelle
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Katrin B. M. Frauenknecht
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology, and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Michel Mittelbronn,
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17
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Li L, Medina-Menéndez C, García-Corzo L, Córdoba-Beldad CM, Quiroga AC, Calleja Barca E, Zinchuk V, Muñoz-López S, Rodríguez-Martín P, Ciorraga M, Colmena I, Fernández S, Vicario C, Nicolis SK, Lefebvre V, Mira H, Morales AV. SoxD genes are required for adult neural stem cell activation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110313. [PMID: 35108528 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult neurogenic niche in the hippocampus is maintained through activation of reversibly quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) with radial glia-like morphology (RGLs). Here, we show that the expression of SoxD transcription factors Sox5 and Sox6 is enriched in activated RGLs. Using inducible deletion of Sox5 or Sox6 in the adult mouse brain, we show that both genes are required for RGL activation and the generation of new neurons. Conversely, Sox5 overexpression in cultured NSCs interferes with entry in quiescence. Mechanistically, expression of the proneural protein Ascl1 (a key RGL regulator) is severely downregulated in SoxD-deficient RGLs, and Ascl1 transcription relies on conserved Sox motifs. Additionally, loss of Sox5 hinders the RGL activation driven by neurogenic stimuli such as environmental enrichment. Altogether, our data suggest that SoxD genes are key mediators in the transition of adult RGLs from quiescence to an activated mitotic state under physiological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Vicario
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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18
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Tocco C, Bertacchi M, Studer M. Structural and Functional Aspects of the Neurodevelopmental Gene NR2F1: From Animal Models to Human Pathology. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:767965. [PMID: 34975398 PMCID: PMC8715095 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.767965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly and maturation of the mammalian brain result from an intricate cascade of highly coordinated developmental events, such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Any impairment of this delicate multi-factorial process can lead to complex neurodevelopmental diseases, sharing common pathogenic mechanisms and molecular pathways resulting in multiple clinical signs. A recently described monogenic neurodevelopmental syndrome named Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf Optic Atrophy Syndrome (BBSOAS) is caused by NR2F1 haploinsufficiency. The NR2F1 gene, coding for a transcriptional regulator belonging to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily, is known to play key roles in several brain developmental processes, from proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors to migration and identity acquisition of neocortical neurons. In a clinical context, the disruption of these cellular processes could underlie the pathogenesis of several symptoms affecting BBSOAS patients, such as intellectual disability, visual impairment, epilepsy, and autistic traits. In this review, we will introduce NR2F1 protein structure, molecular functioning, and expression profile in the developing mouse brain. Then, we will focus on Nr2f1 several functions during cortical development, from neocortical area and cell-type specification to maturation of network activity, hippocampal development governing learning behaviors, assembly of the visual system, and finally establishment of cortico-spinal descending tracts regulating motor execution. Whenever possible, we will link experimental findings in animal or cellular models to corresponding features of the human pathology. Finally, we will highlight some of the unresolved questions on the diverse functions played by Nr2f1 during brain development, in order to propose future research directions. All in all, we believe that understanding BBSOAS mechanisms will contribute to further unveiling pathophysiological mechanisms shared by several neurodevelopmental disorders and eventually lead to effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tocco
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
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19
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Penning A, Tosoni G, Abiega O, Bielefeld P, Gasperini C, De Pietri Tonelli D, Fitzsimons CP, Salta E. Adult Neural Stem Cell Regulation by Small Non-coding RNAs: Physiological Significance and Pathological Implications. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:781434. [PMID: 35058752 PMCID: PMC8764185 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.781434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult neurogenic niches are complex multicellular systems, receiving regulatory input from a multitude of intracellular, juxtacrine, and paracrine signals and biological pathways. Within the niches, adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) generate astrocytic and neuronal progeny, with the latter predominating in physiological conditions. The new neurons generated from this neurogenic process are functionally linked to memory, cognition, and mood regulation, while much less is known about the functional contribution of aNSC-derived newborn astrocytes and adult-born oligodendrocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests that the deregulation of aNSCs and their progeny can impact, or can be impacted by, aging and several brain pathologies, including neurodevelopmental and mood disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and also by insults, such as epileptic seizures, stroke, or traumatic brain injury. Hence, understanding the regulatory underpinnings of aNSC activation, differentiation, and fate commitment could help identify novel therapeutic avenues for a series of pathological conditions. Over the last two decades, small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of NSC fate determination in the adult neurogenic niches. In this review, we synthesize prior knowledge on how sncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), may impact NSC fate determination in the adult brain and we critically assess the functional significance of these events. We discuss the concepts that emerge from these examples and how they could be used to provide a framework for considering aNSC (de)regulation in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Penning
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Tosoni
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oihane Abiega
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bielefeld
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caterina Gasperini
- Neurobiology of miRNAs Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Carlos P. Fitzsimons
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evgenia Salta
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Astrocytes in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Review of Postmortem Evidence. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:153-172. [PMID: 34888835 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) include microglia, oligodendrocytes and the most diverse type, astrocytes. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest critical roles for astrocytes in the pathogenesis of CNS disease. Here, we summarize the extensive morphological heterogeneity and physiological properties of different astrocyte subtypes. We review postmortem studies, discussing astrocyte-related changes found in the brain in subjects diagnosed with the neuropsychiatric disorders schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Finally, we discuss the potential effects of psychotropic medication on these findings. In summary, postmortem studies highlight that the morphology of astrocytes and the expression of functionally important astrocyte markers are altered in the brain in neuropsychiatric disorders and may play a role in the pathophysiology of these serious mental illnesses.
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21
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Mateus-Pinheiro A, Patrício P, Alves ND, Martins-Macedo J, Caetano I, Silveira-Rosa T, Araújo B, Mateus-Pinheiro M, Silva-Correia J, Sardinha VM, Loureiro-Campos E, Rodrigues AJ, Oliveira JF, Bessa JM, Sousa N, Pinto L. Hippocampal cytogenesis abrogation impairs inter-regional communication between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and promotes the time-dependent manifestation of emotional and cognitive deficits. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7154-7166. [PMID: 34521994 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Impaired ability to generate new cells in the adult brain has been linked to deficits in multiple emotional and cognitive behavioral domains. However, the mechanisms by which abrogation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) impacts on brain function remains controversial. We used a transgenic rat line, the GFAP-Tk, to selectively eliminate NSCs and assess repercussions on different behavioral domains. To assess the functional importance of newborn cells in specific developmental stages, two parallel experimental timeframes were adopted: a short- and a long-term timeline, 1 and 4 weeks after the abrogation protocol, respectively. We conducted in vivo electrophysiology to assess the effects of cytogenesis abrogation on the functional properties of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and on their intercommunication. Adult brain cytogenesis abrogation promoted a time-specific installation of behavioral deficits. While the lack of newborn immature hippocampal neuronal and glial cells elicited a behavioral phenotype restricted to hyperanxiety and cognitive rigidity, specific abrogation of mature new neuronal and glial cells promoted the long-term manifestation of a more complex behavioral profile encompassing alterations in anxiety and hedonic behaviors, along with deficits in multiple cognitive modalities. More so, abrogation of 4 to 7-week-old cells resulted in impaired electrophysiological synchrony of neural theta oscillations between the dorsal hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex, which are likely to contribute to the described long-term cognitive alterations. Hence, this work provides insight on how newborn neurons and astrocytes display different functional roles throughout different maturation stages, and establishes common ground to reconcile contrasting results that have marked this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Mateus-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Internal Medicine, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dinis Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês Caetano
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silveira-Rosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel Mateus-Pinheiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Morais Sardinha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Loureiro-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Filipe Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,DIGARC, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - João M Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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22
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Phosphatidylcholine restores neuronal plasticity of neural stem cells under inflammatory stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22891. [PMID: 34819604 PMCID: PMC8613233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The balances between NSCs growth and differentiation, and between glial and neuronal differentiation play a key role in brain regeneration after any pathological conditions. It is well known that the nervous tissue shows a poor recovery after injury due to the factors present in the wounded microenvironment, particularly inflammatory factors, that prevent neuronal differentiation. Thus, it is essential to generate a favourable condition for NSCs and conduct them to differentiate towards functional neurons. Here, we show that neuroinflammation has no effect on NSCs proliferation but induces an aberrant neuronal differentiation that gives rise to dystrophic, non-functional neurons. This is perhaps the initial step of brain failure associated to many neurological disorders. Interestingly, we demonstrate that phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho)-enriched media enhances neuronal differentiation even under inflammatory stress by modifying the commitment of post-mitotic cells. The pro-neurogenic effect of PtdCho increases the population of healthy normal neurons. In addition, we provide evidences that this phospholipid ameliorates the damage of neurons and, in consequence, modulates neuronal plasticity. These results contribute to our understanding of NSCs behaviour under inflammatory conditions, opening up new venues to improve neurogenic capacity in the brain.
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23
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Antonelli F, Casciati A, Belles M, Serra N, Linares-Vidal MV, Marino C, Mancuso M, Pazzaglia S. Long-Term Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Hippocampus: Linking Effects of the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Activation with Radiation Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212605. [PMID: 34830484 PMCID: PMC8624704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy represents one of the primary treatment modalities for primary and metastatic brain tumors. Although recent advances in radiation techniques, that allow the delivery of higher radiation doses to the target volume, reduce the toxicity to normal tissues, long-term neurocognitive decline is still a detrimental factor significantly affecting quality of life, particularly in pediatric patients. This imposes the need for the development of prevention strategies. Based on recent evidence, showing that manipulation of the Shh pathway carries therapeutic potential for brain repair and functional recovery after injury, here we evaluate how radiation-induced hippocampal alterations are modulated by the constitutive activation of the Shh signaling pathway in Patched 1 heterozygous mice (Ptch1+/-). Our results show, for the first time, an overall protective effect of constitutive Shh pathway activation on hippocampal radiation injury. This activation, through modulation of the proneural gene network, leads to a long-term reduction of hippocampal deficits in the stem cell and new neuron compartments and to the mitigation of radio-induced astrogliosis, despite some behavioral alterations still being detected in Ptch1+/- mice. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the neural decline following irradiation is essential for identifying prevention measures to contain the harmful consequences of irradiation. Our data have important translational implications as they suggest a role for Shh pathway manipulation to provide the therapeutic possibility of improving brain repair and functional recovery after radio-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Antonelli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Arianna Casciati
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Montserrat Belles
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Noemi Serra
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Maria Victoria Linares-Vidal
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.P.)
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24
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Zhang X, Alnafisah RS, Hamoud ARA, Shukla R, Wen Z, McCullumsmith RE, O'Donovan SM. Role of Astrocytes in Major Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2715-2730. [PMID: 33411227 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the primary homeostatic cells of the central nervous system, essential for normal neuronal development and function, metabolism and response to injury and inflammation. Here, we review postmortem studies examining changes in astrocytes in subjects diagnosed with the neuropsychiatric disorders schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BPD). We discuss the astrocyte-related changes described in the brain in these disorders and the potential effects of psychotropic medication on these findings. Finally, we describe emerging tools that can be used to study the role of astrocytes in neuropsychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Rawan S Alnafisah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Abdul-Rizaq A Hamoud
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.,Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sinead M O'Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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25
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Martins-Macedo J, Salgado AJ, Gomes ED, Pinto L. Adult brain cytogenesis in the context of mood disorders: From neurogenesis to the emergent role of gliogenesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:411-428. [PMID: 34555383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders severely impact patients' lives. Motivational, cognitive and emotional deficits are the most common symptoms observed in these patients and no effective treatment is still available, either due to the adverse side effects or the low rate of efficacy of currently available drugs. Neurogenesis recovery has been one important focus in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, which undeniably contributes to the therapeutic action of antidepressants. However, glial plasticity is emerging as a new strategy to explore the deficits observed in mood disorders and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Thus, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind glio- and neurogenesis to better define treatments and preventive therapies, once adult cytogenesis is of pivotal importance to cognitive and emotional components of behavior, both in healthy and pathological contexts, including in psychiatric disorders. Here, we review the concepts and history of neuro- and gliogenesis, providing as well a reflection on the functional importance of cytogenesis in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo D Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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26
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Gupta B, Errington AC, Jimenez-Pascual A, Eftychidis V, Brabletz S, Stemmler MP, Brabletz T, Petrik D, Siebzehnrubl FA. The transcription factor ZEB1 regulates stem cell self-renewal and cell fate in the adult hippocampus. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109588. [PMID: 34433050 PMCID: PMC8411115 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial glia-like (RGL) stem cells persist in the adult mammalian hippocampus, where they generate new neurons and astrocytes throughout life. The process of adult neurogenesis is well documented, but cell-autonomous factors regulating neuronal and astroglial differentiation are incompletely understood. Here, we evaluate the functions of the transcription factor zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in adult hippocampal RGL cells using a conditional-inducible mouse model. We find that ZEB1 is necessary for self-renewal of active RGL cells. Genetic deletion of Zeb1 causes a shift toward symmetric cell division that consumes the RGL cell and generates pro-neuronal progenies, resulting in an increase of newborn neurons and a decrease of newly generated astrocytes. We identify ZEB1 as positive regulator of the ets-domain transcription factor ETV5 that is critical for asymmetric division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Gupta
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Adam C Errington
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ana Jimenez-Pascual
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Vasileios Eftychidis
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Petrik
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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27
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Foglio B, Rossini L, Garbelli R, Regondi MC, Mercurio S, Bertacchi M, Avagliano L, Bulfamante G, Coras R, Maiorana A, Nicolis S, Studer M, Frassoni C. Dynamic expression of NR2F1 and SOX2 in developing and adult human cortex: comparison with cortical malformations. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1303-1322. [PMID: 33661352 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neocortex, the most recently evolved brain region in mammals, is characterized by its unique areal and laminar organization. Distinct cortical layers and areas can be identified by the presence of graded expression of transcription factors and molecular determinants defining neuronal identity. However, little is known about the expression of key master genes orchestrating human cortical development. In this study, we explored the expression dynamics of NR2F1 and SOX2, key cortical genes whose mutations in human patients cause severe neurodevelopmental syndromes. We focused on physiological conditions, spanning from mid-late gestational ages to adulthood in unaffected specimens, but also investigated gene expression in a pathological context, a developmental cortical malformation termed focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). We found that NR2F1 follows an antero-dorsallow to postero-ventralhigh gradient as in the murine cortex, suggesting high evolutionary conservation. While SOX2 is mainly expressed in neural progenitors next to the ventricular surface, NR2F1 is found in both mitotic progenitors and post-mitotic neurons at GW18. Interestingly, both proteins are highly co-expressed in basal radial glia progenitors of the outer sub-ventricular zone (OSVZ), a proliferative region known to contribute to cortical expansion and complexity in humans. Later on, SOX2 becomes largely restricted to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes although it is also detected in scattered mature interneurons. Differently, NR2F1 maintains its distinct neuronal expression during the whole process of cortical development. Notably, we report here high levels of NR2F1 in dysmorphic neurons and NR2F1 and SOX2 in balloon cells of surgical samples from patients with FCD, suggesting their potential use in the histopathological characterization of this dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Foglio
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rossini
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Garbelli
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Regondi
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mercurio
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Bertacchi
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Laura Avagliano
- Departement of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Departement of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Nicolis
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carolina Frassoni
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, C/O AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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28
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Yadav A, Tandon A, Seth B, Goyal S, Singh SJ, Tiwari SK, Agarwal S, Nair S, Chaturvedi RK. Cypermethrin Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognitive Functions by Altering Neural Fate Decisions in the Rat Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:263-280. [PMID: 32920670 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a developmental process that involves fine-tuned coordination between self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons. However, early-life assault with environmental toxicants interferes with the regular function of genes, proteins, and other molecules that build brain architecture resulting in attenuated neurogenesis. Cypermethrin is a class II synthetic pyrethroid pesticide extensively used in agriculture, veterinary, and residential applications due to its low mammalian toxicity, high bio-efficacy, and enhanced stability. Despite reports on cypermethrin-mediated behavioral and biochemical alterations, till now, no study implicates whether cypermethrin exposure has any effect on neurogenesis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to comprehend the effects of cypermethrin treatment on embryonic and adult neurogenesis. We found that cypermethrin exposure led to a considerable decrease in the BrdU/Sox-2+, BrdU/Dcx+, and BrdU/NeuN+ co-labeled cells indicating that cypermethrin treatment decreases NSC proliferation and generation of mature and functional neurons. On the contrary, the generation of BrdU/S100β+ glial cells was increased resulting in neurogliogenesis imbalance in the hippocampus. Further, cypermethrin treatment also led to an increased number of BrdU/cleaved caspase-3+ and Fluoro-Jade B+ cells suggesting an induction of apoptosis in NSCs and increased degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus. Overall, these results explicate that cypermethrin exposure not only reduces the NSC pool but also disturbs the neuron-astrocyte ratio and potentiates neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, leading to cognitive dysfunctions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ankit Tandon
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Brashket Seth
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shweta Goyal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sangh Jyoti Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shashi Kant Tiwari
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Swati Agarwal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Saumya Nair
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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29
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Ishimoto T, Kato Y. Regulation of Neurogenesis by Organic Cation Transporters: Potential Therapeutic Implications. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 266:281-300. [PMID: 33782772 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells (NSCs), which are cells that have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The process is essential for homeostatic tissue regeneration and the coordination of neural plasticity throughout life, as neurons cannot regenerate once injured. Therefore, defects in neurogenesis are related to the onset and exacerbation of several neuropsychiatric disorders, and therefore, the regulation of neurogenesis is considered to be a novel strategy for treatment. Neurogenesis is regulated not only by NSCs themselves, but also by the functional microenvironment surrounding the NSCs, known as the "neurogenic niche." The neurogenic niche consists of several types of neural cells, including neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells. To allow communication with these cells, transporters may be involved in the secretion and uptake of substrates that are essential for signal transduction. This chapter will focus on the involvement of polyspecific solute carriers transporting organic cations in the possible regulation of neurogenesis by controlling the concentration of several organic cation substrates in NSCs and the neurogenic niche. The potential therapeutic implications of neurogenesis regulation by these transporters will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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30
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Lago-Baldaia I, Fernandes VM, Ackerman SD. More Than Mortar: Glia as Architects of Nervous System Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:611269. [PMID: 33381506 PMCID: PMC7767919 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are an essential component of the nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. In the human brain, glia are as numerous as neurons, yet the importance of glia to nearly every aspect of nervous system development has only been expounded over the last several decades. Glia are now known to regulate neural specification, synaptogenesis, synapse function, and even broad circuit function. Given their ubiquity, it is not surprising that the contribution of glia to neuronal disease pathogenesis is a growing area of research. In this review, we will summarize the accumulated evidence of glial participation in several distinct phases of nervous system development and organization-neural specification, circuit wiring, and circuit function. Finally, we will highlight how these early developmental roles of glia contribute to nervous system dysfunction in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Lago-Baldaia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vilaiwan M. Fernandes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah D. Ackerman
- Institute of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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31
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Hunyara JL, Kolodkin AL. Repurposing developmental mechanisms in the adult nervous system. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 65:14-21. [PMID: 32485480 PMCID: PMC10668600 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecules and cellular processes important for nervous system development can be repurposed in adulthood for the regulation of adult neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neural regeneration following injury or degeneration. Efforts to recapitulate neural development in order to ameliorate injury or disease are promising, but these often fall short of functional restoration due in part to our incomplete understanding of how these damaged circuits initially developed. Despite these limitations, such strategies provide hope that harnessing developmental mechanisms can restore nervous system functions following damage or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Hunyara
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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32
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Age-related loss of neural stem cell O-GlcNAc promotes a glial fate switch through STAT3 activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22214-22224. [PMID: 32848054 PMCID: PMC7486730 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007439117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of the neural stem cell (NSC) pool is a major driver of age-related regenerative decline in the hippocampus. While increased quiescence is a major contributor to this decline, NSCs can also undergo terminal differentiation into astrocytes, thus restricting the stem cell pool. The mechanisms underlying this fate switch and their relation to age-related regenerative decline have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we report an age-related decline in NSC O-GlcNAcylation, coincident with reduced neurogenesis and increased gliogenesis. We identify loss of O-GlcNAcylation at STAT3 T717 in the hippocampus with age, and demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylation of this site is a critical determinant of NSC fate. Our work expands our understanding of how posttranslational modifications influence the aging brain. Increased neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence is a major determinant of age-related regenerative decline in the adult hippocampus. However, a coextensive model has been proposed in which division-coupled conversion of NSCs into differentiated astrocytes restrict the stem cell pool with age. Here we report that age-related loss of the posttranslational modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), in NSCs promotes a glial fate switch. We detect an age-dependent decrease in NSC O-GlcNAc levels coincident with decreased neurogenesis and increased gliogenesis in the mature hippocampus. Mimicking an age-related loss of NSC O-GlcNAcylation in young mice reduces neurogenesis, increases astrocyte differentiation, and impairs associated cognitive function. Using RNA-sequencing of primary NSCs following decreased O-GlcNAcylation, we detected changes in the STAT3 signaling pathway indicative of glial differentiation. Moreover, using O-GlcNAc–specific mass spectrometry analysis of the aging hippocampus, together with an in vitro site-directed mutagenesis approach, we identify loss of STAT3 O-GlcNAc at Threonine 717 as a driver of astrocyte differentiation. Our data identify the posttranslational modification, O-GlcNAc, as a key molecular regulator of regenerative decline underlying an age-related NSC fate switch.
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33
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O'Callaghan B, Hofstra B, Handler HP, Kordasiewicz HB, Cole T, Duvick L, Friedrich J, Rainwater O, Yang P, Benneyworth M, Nichols-Meade T, Heal W, Ter Haar R, Henzler C, Orr HT. Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutic Approach for Suppression of Ataxin-1 Expression: A Safety Assessment. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:1006-1016. [PMID: 32818920 PMCID: PMC7452125 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a lethal, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ATAXIN-1 (ATXN1) protein. Preclinical studies demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of approaches that target and reduce Atxn1 expression in a non-allele-specific manner. However, studies using Atxn1−/− mice raise cautionary notes that therapeutic reductions of ATXN1 might lead to undesirable effects such as reduction in the activity of the tumor suppressor Capicua (CIC), activation of the protease β-secretase 1 (BACE1) and subsequent increased amyloidogenic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), or a reduction in hippocampal neuronal precursor cells that would impact hippocampal function. Here, we tested whether an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated reduction of Atxn1 produced unwanted effects involving BACE1, CIC activity, or reduction in hippocampal neuronal precursor cells. Notably, no effects on BACE1, CIC tumor suppressor function, or number of hippocampal neuronal precursor cells were found in mice subjected to a chronic in vivo ASO-mediated reduction of Atxn1. These data provide further support for targeted reductions of ATXN1 as a therapeutic approach for SCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennon O'Callaghan
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bente Hofstra
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hillary P Handler
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Tracy Cole
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Duvick
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jillian Friedrich
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Orion Rainwater
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Praseuth Yang
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Wesley Heal
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel Ter Haar
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christine Henzler
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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34
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Bertacchi M, Romano AL, Loubat A, Tran Mau-Them F, Willems M, Faivre L, Khau van Kien P, Perrin L, Devillard F, Sorlin A, Kuentz P, Philippe C, Garde A, Neri F, Di Giaimo R, Oliviero S, Cappello S, D'Incerti L, Frassoni C, Studer M. NR2F1 regulates regional progenitor dynamics in the mouse neocortex and cortical gyrification in BBSOAS patients. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104163. [PMID: 32484994 PMCID: PMC7327499 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between impaired cortical development and consequent malformations in neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the genes implicated in these processes, are not fully elucidated to date. In this study, we report six novel cases of patients affected by BBSOAS (Boonstra‐Bosch‐Schaff optic atrophy syndrome), a newly emerging rare neurodevelopmental disorder, caused by loss‐of‐function mutations of the transcriptional regulator NR2F1. Young patients with NR2F1 haploinsufficiency display mild to moderate intellectual disability and show reproducible polymicrogyria‐like brain malformations in the parietal and occipital cortex. Using a recently established BBSOAS mouse model, we found that Nr2f1 regionally controls long‐term self‐renewal of neural progenitor cells via modulation of cell cycle genes and key cortical development master genes, such as Pax6. In the human fetal cortex, distinct NR2F1 expression levels encompass gyri and sulci and correlate with local degrees of neurogenic activity. In addition, reduced NR2F1 levels in cerebral organoids affect neurogenesis and PAX6 expression. We propose NR2F1 as an area‐specific regulator of mouse and human brain morphology and a novel causative gene of abnormal gyrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bertacchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Paris, France.,Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Agnès Loubat
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Khau van Kien
- Hôpital Carémeau, UF de Génétique Médicale et Cytogénétique, Centre de Compétences Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Devillard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Arthur Sorlin
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de référence maladies rares « Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Kuentz
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Génétique Biologique, PCBio, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Aurore Garde
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Francesco Neri
- Epigenetics Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, München, Germany
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Epigenetics Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Ludovico D'Incerti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Carolina Frassoni
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Michèle Studer
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Paris, France
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Ottoboni L, von Wunster B, Martino G. Therapeutic Plasticity of Neural Stem Cells. Front Neurol 2020; 11:148. [PMID: 32265815 PMCID: PMC7100551 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have garnered significant scientific and commercial interest in the last 15 years. Given their plasticity, defined as the ability to develop into different phenotypes inside and outside of the nervous system, with a capacity of almost unlimited self-renewal, of releasing trophic and immunomodulatory factors, and of exploiting temporal and spatial dynamics, NSCs have been proposed for (i) neurotoxicity testing; (ii) cellular therapies to treat CNS diseases; (iii) neural tissue engineering and repair; (iv) drug target validation and testing; (v) personalized medicine. Moreover, given the growing interest in developing cell-based therapies to target neurodegenerative diseases, recent progress in developing NSCs from human-induced pluripotent stem cells has produced an analog of endogenous NSCs. Herein, we will review the current understanding on emerging conceptual and technological topics in the neural stem cell field, such as deep characterization of the human compartment, single-cell spatial-temporal dynamics, reprogramming from somatic cells, and NSC manipulation and monitoring. Together, these aspects contribute to further disentangling NSC plasticity to better exploit the potential of those cells, which, in the future, might offer new strategies for brain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ottoboni
- Neurology and Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianvito Martino
- Neurology and Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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Schisandrin A and B enhance the dentate gyrus neurogenesis in mouse hippocampus. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 105:101751. [PMID: 32027950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schisandrin A and B (Sch A and B) are the main effective components of Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis), which is traditionally used to enhance mental and intellectual functions in eastern Asia. Previously, we reported Sch A and B remarkably affect adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of mouse lateral ventricle. Since the neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is more important to learning, memory and cognition, here we further examined their effects on the adult DG neurogenesis. Phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) immunostaining showed that Sch B significantly enhanced the cell proliferation in the DG. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, mostly labels astrocytes and some stem cells) staining was used to further identify the proliferating cell type. Dramatically, increases of GFAP+ cells in both Sch A and B treated groups were observed. What's more, the total numbers of the mature neurons labeled by neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) were also increased in both Sch A and B treated groups compared with the controls. Together, Sch A and B enhance the adult DG neurogenesis by increasing astrocytes/stem cells and improving the survival and maturation of DG neurons. Our study shed a new light on the neuropharmacological functions of the herbal medicine S. chinensis.
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Interneuron Accumulation of Phosphorylated tau Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Suppressing GABAergic Transmission. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:331-345.e6. [PMID: 31978364 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phospho-tau accumulation and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) impairment both contribute importantly to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but whether and how tau dysregulates AHN in AD remain poorly understood. Here, we found a prominent accumulation of phosphorylated tau in GABAergic interneurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of AD patients and mice. Specific overexpression of human tau (hTau) in mice DG interneurons induced AHN deficits but increased neural stem cell-derived astrogliosis, associating with a downregulation of GABA and hyperactivation of neighboring excitatory neurons. Chemogenetic inhibition of excitatory neurons or pharmacologically strengthening GABAergic tempos rescued the tau-induced AHN deficits and improved contextual cognition. These findings evidenced that intracellular accumulation of tau in GABAergic interneurons impairs AHN by suppressing GABAergic transmission and disinhibiting neural circuits within the neurogenic niche, suggesting a potential of GABAergic potentiators for pro-neurogenic or cell therapies of AD.
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Verkhratsky A, Rodrigues JJ, Pivoriunas A, Zorec R, Semyanov A. Astroglial atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1247-1261. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bertacchi M, Gruart A, Kaimakis P, Allet C, Serra L, Giacobini P, Delgado-García JM, Bovolenta P, Studer M. Mouse Nr2f1 haploinsufficiency unveils new pathological mechanisms of a human optic atrophy syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10291. [PMID: 31318166 PMCID: PMC6685104 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve atrophy represents the most common form of hereditary optic neuropathies leading to vision impairment. The recently described Bosch‐Boonstra‐Schaaf optic atrophy (BBSOA) syndrome denotes an autosomal dominant genetic form of neuropathy caused by mutations or deletions in the NR2F1 gene. Herein, we describe a mouse model recapitulating key features of BBSOA patients—optic nerve atrophy, optic disc anomalies, and visual deficits—thus representing the only available mouse model for this syndrome. Notably, Nr2f1‐deficient optic nerves develop an imbalance between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes leading to postnatal hypomyelination and astrogliosis. Adult heterozygous mice display a slower optic axonal conduction velocity from the retina to high‐order visual centers together with associative visual learning deficits. Importantly, some of these clinical features, such the optic nerve hypomyelination, could be rescued by chemical drug treatment in early postnatal life. Overall, our data shed new insights into the cellular mechanisms of optic nerve atrophy in BBSOA patients and open a promising avenue for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bertacchi
- CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Polynikis Kaimakis
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cécile Allet
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center (JPArc), Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, UMR-S 1172, Inserm, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1,000 Days for Health, Lille, France
| | - Linda Serra
- CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Department of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center (JPArc), Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, UMR-S 1172, Inserm, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1,000 Days for Health, Lille, France
| | | | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Contesse T, Ayrault M, Mantegazza M, Studer M, Deschaux O. Hyperactive and anxiolytic-like behaviors result from loss of COUP-TFI/Nr2f1 in the mouse cortex. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 18:e12556. [PMID: 30653836 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor COUP TFI (also known as Nr2f1) plays major roles in specifying distinct neuronal subtypes during patterning of the neocortical motor and somatosensory cortex, as well as in regulating the longitudinal growth of the hippocampus during development. In humans, mutations in the NR2F1 gene lead to a global developmental delay and intellectual disabilities. While more than 30% of patients show behavioral features of autism spectrum disorder, 16% of haploinsufficient children show signs of hyperactivity and impulsivity. Loss of COUP-TFI in the cortical mouse primordium results in altered area organization and serotonin distribution, abnormal coordination of voluntary movements and learning and memory deficits. Here, we asked whether absence of COUP-TFI affects locomotor activity, anxiety, as well as depression. Mice mutant for COUP-TFI have normal motor coordination, but significant traits of hyperactivity, which does not seem to respond to N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. However, no changes in anxiety, despite increased locomotor performances, were observed in the open field task. On the contrary, elevated plus maze and dark-light test explorations indicate a decreased anxiety-like behavior in COUP-TFI mutant mice. Finally, significantly reduced immobility in the forced swim test and no changes in anhedonia in the sucrose preference task suggest no particular depressive behaviors in mutant mice. Taken together, our study shows that loss of COUP-TFI leads to increased locomotor activity but less anxiety and contributes in further deciphering the pathophysiology of patients haploinsufficient for NR2F1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Contesse
- iBV - Institute of Biology Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Nice, France.,IPMC - Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Marion Ayrault
- IPMC - Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- IPMC - Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Michèle Studer
- iBV - Institute of Biology Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Deschaux
- iBV - Institute of Biology Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Nice, France
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