1
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Prever L, Squillero G, Hirsch E, Gulluni F. Linking phosphoinositide function to mitosis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114273. [PMID: 38843397 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PtdIns) are a family of differentially phosphorylated lipid second messengers localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of both plasma and intracellular membranes. Kinases and phosphatases can selectively modify the PtdIns composition of different cellular compartments, leading to the recruitment of specific binding proteins, which control cellular homeostasis and proliferation. Thus, while PtdIns affect cell growth and survival during interphase, they are also emerging as key drivers in multiple temporally defined membrane remodeling events of mitosis, like cell rounding, spindle orientation, cytokinesis, and abscission. In this review, we summarize and discuss what is known about PtdIns function during mitosis and how alterations in the production and removal of PtdIns can interfere with proper cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Prever
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Squillero
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Federico Gulluni
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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2
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Liu M, Liu Y, Song T, Yang L, Qi L, Zhang YZ, Wang Y, Shen QT. Three-dimensional architecture of ESCRT-III flat spirals on the membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319115121. [PMID: 38709931 PMCID: PMC11098116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are responsible for membrane remodeling in many cellular processes, such as multivesicular body biogenesis, viral budding, and cytokinetic abscission. ESCRT-III, the most abundant ESCRT subunit, assembles into flat spirals as the primed state, essential to initiate membrane invagination. However, the three-dimensional architecture of ESCRT-III flat spirals remained vague for decades due to highly curved filaments with a small diameter and a single preferred orientation on the membrane. Here, we unveiled that yeast Snf7, a component of ESCRT-III, forms flat spirals on the lipid monolayers using cryogenic electron microscopy. We developed a geometry-constrained Euler angle-assigned reconstruction strategy and obtained moderate-resolution structures of Snf7 flat spirals with varying curvatures. Our analyses showed that Snf7 subunits recline on the membrane with N-terminal motifs α0 as anchors, adopt an open state with fused α2/3 helices, and bend α2/3 gradually from the outer to inner parts of flat spirals. In all, we provide the orientation and conformations of ESCRT-III flat spirals on the membrane and unveil the underlying assembly mechanism, which will serve as the initial step in understanding how ESCRTs drive membrane abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao266237, China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Tiefeng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao266237, China
- Biomedical Research Center for Structural Analysis, Shandong University, Jinan250012, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China
| | - Qing-Tao Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao266237, China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai201210, China
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3
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Spada SJ, Rose KM, Sette P, O'Connor SK, Dussupt V, Siddartha Yerramilli V, Nagashima K, Sjoelund VH, Cruz P, Kabat J, Ganesan S, Smelkinson M, Nita-Lazar A, Hoyt F, Scarlata S, Hirsch V, Best SM, Grigg ME, Bouamr F. Human ESCRT-I and ALIX function as scaffolding helical filaments in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.592080. [PMID: 38903125 PMCID: PMC11188096 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.592080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) is an evolutionarily conserved machinery that performs reverse-topology membrane scission in cells universally required from cytokinesis to budding of enveloped viruses. Upstream acting ESCRT-I and ALIX control these events and link recruitment of viral and cellular partners to late-acting ESCRT-III CHMP4 through incompletely understood mechanisms. Using structure-function analyses combined with super-resolution imaging, we show that ESCRT-I and ALIX function as distinct helical filaments in vivo . Together, they are essential for optimal structural scaffolding of HIV-1 nascent virions, the retention of viral and human genomes through defined functional interfaces, and recruitment of CHMP4 that itself assembles into corkscrew-like filaments intertwined with ESCRT-I or ALIX helices. Disruption of filament assembly or their conformationally clustered RNA binding interfaces in human cells impaired membrane abscission, resulted in major structural instability and leaked nucleic acid from nascent virions and nuclear envelopes. Thus, ESCRT-I and ALIX function as helical filaments in vivo and serve as both nucleic acid-dependent structural scaffolds as well as ESCRT-III assembly templates. Significance statement When cellular membranes are dissolved or breached, ESCRT is rapidly deployed to repair membranes to restore the integrity of intracellular compartments. Membrane sealing is ensured by ESCRT-III filaments assembled on the inner face of membrane; a mechanism termed inverse topology membrane scission. This mechanism, initiated by ESCRT-I and ALIX, is universally necessary for cytokinesis, wound repair, budding of enveloped viruses, and more. We show ESCRT-I and ALIX individually oligomerize into helical filaments that cluster newly discovered nucleic acid-binding interfaces and scaffold-in genomes within nascent virions and nuclear envelopes. These oligomers additionally appear to serve as ideal templates for ESCRT-III polymerization, as helical filaments of CHMP4B were found intertwined ESCRT-I or ALIX filaments in vivo . Similarly, corkscrew-like filaments of ALIX are also interwoven with ESCRT-I, supporting a model of inverse topology membrane scission that is synergistically reinforced by inward double filament scaffolding.
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4
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Dvilansky I, Altaras Y, Kamenetsky N, Nachmias D, Elia N. The human AAA-ATPase VPS4A isoform and its co-factor VTA1 have a unique function in regulating mammalian cytokinesis abscission. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002327. [PMID: 38687820 PMCID: PMC11086821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human AAA-ATPase VPS4 isoform, VPS4A, cause severe neurodevelopmental defects and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA). VPS4 is a crucial component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system, which drives membrane remodeling in numerous cellular processes, including receptor degradation, cell division, and neural pruning. Notably, while most organisms encode for a single VPS4 gene, human cells have 2 VPS4 paralogs, namely VPS4A and VPS4B, but the functional differences between these paralogs is mostly unknown. Here, we set out to investigate the role of the human VPS4 paralogs in cytokinetic abscission using a series of knockout cell lines. We found that VPS4A and VPS4B hold both overlapping and distinct roles in abscission. VPS4A depletion resulted in a more severe abscission delay than VPS4B and was found to be involved in earlier stages of abscission. Moreover, VPS4A and a monomeric-locked VPS4A mutant bound the abscission checkpoint proteins CHMP4C and ANCHR, while VPS4B did not, indicating a regulatory role for the VPS4A isoform in abscission. Depletion of VTA1, a co-factor of VPS4, disrupted VPS4A-ANCHR interactions and accelerated abscission, suggesting that VTA1 is also involved in the abscission regulation. Our findings reveal a dual role for VPS4A in abscission, one that is canonical and can be compensated by VPS4B, and another that is regulatory and may be delivered by its monomeric form. These observations provide a potential mechanistic explanation for the neurodevelopmental defects and other related disorders reported in VPS4A-mutated patients with a fully functional VPS4B paralog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Dvilansky
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yarin Altaras
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nikita Kamenetsky
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dikla Nachmias
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Natalie Elia
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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5
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Advedissian T, Frémont S, Echard A. Cytokinetic abscission requires actin-dependent microtubule severing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1949. [PMID: 38431632 PMCID: PMC10908825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division is completed by the abscission of the intercellular bridge connecting the daughter cells. Abscission requires the polymerization of an ESCRT-III cone close to the midbody to both recruit the microtubule severing enzyme spastin and scission the plasma membrane. Here, we found that the microtubule and the membrane cuts are two separate events that are regulated differently. Using HeLa cells, we uncovered that the F-actin disassembling protein Cofilin-1 controls the disappearance of a transient pool of branched F-actin which is precisely assembled at the tip of the ESCRT-III cone shortly before the microtubule cut. Functionally, Cofilin-1 and Arp2/3-mediated branched F-actin favor abscission by promoting local severing of the microtubules but do not participate later in the membrane scission event. Mechanistically, we propose that branched F-actin functions as a physical barrier that limits ESCRT-III cone elongation and thereby favors stable spastin recruitment. Our work thus reveals that F-actin controls the timely and local disassembly of microtubules required for cytokinetic abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Advedissian
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Frémont
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France.
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6
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Moraïs S, Mazor M, Tovar-Herrera O, Zehavi T, Zorea A, Ifrach M, Bogumil D, Brandis A, Walter J, Elia N, Gur E, Mizrahi I. Plasmid-encoded toxin defence mediates mutualistic microbial interactions. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:108-119. [PMID: 38151647 PMCID: PMC10769881 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Gut environments harbour dense microbial ecosystems in which plasmids are widely distributed. Plasmids facilitate the exchange of genetic material among microorganisms while enabling the transfer of a diverse array of accessory functions. However, their precise impact on microbial community composition and function remains largely unexplored. Here we identify a prevalent bacterial toxin and a plasmid-encoded resistance mechanism that mediates the interaction between Lactobacilli and Enterococci. This plasmid is widespread across ecosystems, including the rumen and human gut microbiota. Biochemical characterization of the plasmid revealed a defence mechanism against reuterin, a toxin produced by various gut microbes, such as Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Using a targeted metabolomic approach, we find reuterin to be prevalent across rumen ecosystems with impacts on microbial community structure. Enterococcus strains carrying the protective plasmid were isolated and their interactions with L. reuteri, the toxin producer, were studied in vitro. Interestingly, we found that by conferring resistance against reuterin, the plasmid mediates metabolic exchange between the defending and the attacking microbial species, resulting in a beneficial relationship or mutualism. Hence, we reveal here an ecological role for a plasmid-coded defence system in mediating a beneficial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moraïs
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Mazor
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Omar Tovar-Herrera
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Tamar Zehavi
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Alvah Zorea
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Morya Ifrach
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - David Bogumil
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Natalie Elia
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Gur
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
- The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
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7
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Farmer T, Vaeth KF, Han KJ, Goering R, Taliaferro MJ, Prekeris R. The role of midbody-associated mRNAs in regulating abscission. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202306123. [PMID: 37922419 PMCID: PMC10624257 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Midbodies function during telophase to regulate the abscission step of cytokinesis. Until recently, it was thought that abscission-regulating proteins, such as ESCRT-III complex subunits, accumulate at the MB by directly or indirectly binding to the MB resident protein, CEP55. However, recent studies have shown that depletion of CEP55 does not fully block ESCRT-III targeting the MB. Here, we show that MBs contain mRNAs and that these MB-associated mRNAs can be locally translated, resulting in the accumulation of abscission-regulating proteins. We demonstrate that localized MB-associated translation of CHMP4B is required for its targeting to the abscission site and that 3' UTR-dependent CHMP4B mRNA targeting to the MB is required for successful completion of cytokinesis. Finally, we identify regulatory cis-elements within RNAs that are necessary and sufficient for mRNA trafficking to the MB. We propose a novel method of regulating cytokinesis and abscission by MB-associated targeting and localized translation of selective mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey Farmer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine F. Vaeth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ke-Jun Han
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Raeann Goering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew J. Taliaferro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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8
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Carlton JG, Baum B. Roles of ESCRT-III polymers in cell division across the tree of life. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102274. [PMID: 37944425 PMCID: PMC7615534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Every cell becomes two through a carefully orchestrated process of division. Prior to division, contractile machinery must first be assembled at the cell midzone to ensure that the cut, when it is made, bisects the two separated copies of the genetic material. Second, this contractile machinery must be dynamically tethered to the limiting plasma membrane so as to bring the membrane with it as it constricts. Finally, the connecting membrane must be severed to generate two physically separate daughter cells. In several organisms across the tree of life, Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-III family proteins aid cell division by forming composite polymers that function together with the Vps4 AAA-ATPase to constrict and cut the membrane tube connecting nascent daughter cells from the inside. In this review, we discuss unique features of ESCRT-III that enable it to play this role in division in many archaea and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Graham Carlton
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Organelle Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Buzz Baum
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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9
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Wang H, Gallet B, Moriscot C, Pezet M, Chatellard C, Kleman JP, Göttlinger H, Weissenhorn W, Boscheron C. An Inducible ESCRT-III Inhibition Tool to Control HIV-1 Budding. Viruses 2023; 15:2289. [PMID: 38140530 PMCID: PMC10748027 DOI: 10.3390/v15122289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 budding as well as many other cellular processes require the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery. Understanding the architecture of the native ESCRT-III complex at HIV-1 budding sites is limited due to spatial resolution and transient ESCRT-III recruitment. Here, we developed a drug-inducible transient HIV-1 budding inhibitory tool to enhance the ESCRT-III lifetime at budding sites. We generated autocleavable CHMP2A, CHMP3, and CHMP4B fusion proteins with the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. We characterized the CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins in the absence and presence of protease inhibitor Glecaprevir with regard to expression, stability, localization, and HIV-1 Gag VLP budding. Immunoblotting experiments revealed rapid and stable accumulation of CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins. Notably, upon drug administration, CHMP2A-NS3 and CHMP4B-NS3 fusion proteins substantially decrease VLP release while CHMP3-NS3 exerted no effect but synergized with CHMP2A-NS3. Localization studies demonstrated the relocalization of CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins to the plasma membrane, endosomes, and Gag VLP budding sites. Through the combined use of transmission electron microscopy and video-microscopy, we unveiled drug-dependent accumulation of CHMP2A-NS3 and CHMP4B-NS3, causing a delay in HIV-1 Gag-VLP release. Our findings provide novel insight into the functional consequences of inhibiting ESCRT-III during HIV-1 budding and establish new tools to decipher the role of ESCRT-III at HIV-1 budding sites and other ESCRT-catalyzed cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
| | - Benoit Gallet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
| | | | - Mylène Pezet
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Christine Chatellard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Kleman
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
| | - Heinrich Göttlinger
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
| | - Cécile Boscheron
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
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10
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Wang H, Gallet B, Moriscot C, Pezet M, Chatellard C, Kleman JP, Göttlinger H, Weissenhorn W, Boscheron C. An inducible ESCRT-III inhibition tool to control HIV-1 budding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562494. [PMID: 37905063 PMCID: PMC10614826 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 budding as well as many other cellular processes require the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery. Understanding the architecture of the native ESCRT-III complex at HIV-1 budding sites is limited due to spatial resolution and transient ESCRT-III recruitment. Here, we developed a drug-inducible transient HIV-1 budding inhibitory tool to enhance the ESCRT-III lifetime at budding sites. We generated auto-cleavable CHMP2A, CHMP3, and CHMP4B fusion proteins with the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. We characterized the CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins in the absence and presence of protease inhibitor Glecaprevir with regard to expression, stability, localization and HIV-1 Gag VLP budding. Immunoblotting experiments revealed rapid and stable accumulation of CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins with variable modification of Gag VLP budding upon drug administration. Notably, CHMP2A-NS3 and CHMP4B-NS3 fusion proteins substantially decrease VLP release while CHMP3-NS3 exerted a minor effect and synergized with CHMP2A-NS3. Localization studies demonstrated the re-localization of CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins to the plasma membrane, endosomes, and Gag VLP budding sites. Through the combined use of transmission electron microscopy and video-microscopy, we unveiled drug-dependent accumulation of CHMP2A-NS3 and CHMP4B-NS3, causing a delay in HIV-1 Gag-VLP release. Our findings provide novel insight into the functional consequences of inhibiting ESCRT-III during HIV-1 budding and establish new tools to decipher the role of ESCRT-III at HIV-1 budding sites and other ESCRT-catalyzed cellular processes.
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11
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Pust S, Brech A, Wegner CS, Stenmark H, Haglund K. Vesicle-mediated transport of ALIX and ESCRT-III to the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:235. [PMID: 37523003 PMCID: PMC10390626 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular abscission is the final step of cytokinesis that leads to the physical separation of the two daughter cells. The scaffold protein ALIX and the ESCRT-I protein TSG101 contribute to recruiting ESCRT-III to the midbody, which orchestrates the final membrane scission of the intercellular bridge. Here, we addressed the transport mechanisms of ALIX and ESCRT-III subunit CHMP4B to the midbody. Structured illumination microscopy revealed gradual accumulation of ALIX at the midbody, resulting in the formation of spiral-like structures extending from the midbody to the abscission site, which strongly co-localized with CHMP4B. Live-cell microscopy uncovered that ALIX appeared together with CHMP4B in vesicular structures, whose motility was microtubule-dependent. Depletion of ALIX led to structural alterations of the midbody and delayed recruitment of CHMP4B, resulting in delayed abscission. Likewise, depletion of the kinesin-1 motor KIF5B reduced the motility of ALIX-positive vesicles and delayed midbody recruitment of ALIX, TSG101 and CHMP4B, accompanied by impeded abscission. We propose that ALIX, TSG101 and CHMP4B are associated with endosomal vesicles transported on microtubules by kinesin-1 to the cytokinetic bridge and midbody, thereby contributing to their function in abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Pust
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas Brech
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine Sem Wegner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaisa Haglund
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Hurtig F, Burgers TC, Cezanne A, Jiang X, Mol FN, Traparić J, Pulschen AA, Nierhaus T, Tarrason-Risa G, Harker-Kirschneck L, Löwe J, Šarić A, Vlijm R, Baum B. The patterned assembly and stepwise Vps4-mediated disassembly of composite ESCRT-III polymers drives archaeal cell division. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5224. [PMID: 36921039 PMCID: PMC10017037 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ESCRT-III family proteins form composite polymers that deform and cut membrane tubes in the context of a wide range of cell biological processes across the tree of life. In reconstituted systems, sequential changes in the composition of ESCRT-III polymers induced by the AAA-adenosine triphosphatase Vps4 have been shown to remodel membranes. However, it is not known how composite ESCRT-III polymers are organized and remodeled in space and time in a cellular context. Taking advantage of the relative simplicity of the ESCRT-III-dependent division system in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, one of the closest experimentally tractable prokaryotic relatives of eukaryotes, we use super-resolution microscopy, electron microscopy, and computational modeling to show how CdvB/CdvB1/CdvB2 proteins form a precisely patterned composite ESCRT-III division ring, which undergoes stepwise Vps4-dependent disassembly and contracts to cut cells into two. These observations lead us to suggest sequential changes in a patterned composite polymer as a general mechanism of ESCRT-III-dependent membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Hurtig
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Thomas C. Q. Burgers
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alice Cezanne
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Frank N. Mol
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jovan Traparić
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Tim Nierhaus
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Lena Harker-Kirschneck
- University College London, Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Jan Löwe
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Anđela Šarić
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Rifka Vlijm
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Buzz Baum
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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13
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Jukic N, Perrino AP, Redondo-Morata L, Scheuring S. Structure and dynamics of ESCRT-III membrane remodeling proteins by high-speed atomic force microscopy. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104575. [PMID: 36870686 PMCID: PMC10074808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins assemble on the cytoplasmic leaflet of membranes and remodel them. ESCRT is involved in biological processes where membranes are bent away from the cytosol, constricted, and finally severed, such as in multi-vesicular body formation (in the endosomal pathway for protein sorting) or abscission during cell division. The ESCRT system is hijacked by enveloped viruses to allow buds of nascent virions to be constricted, severed and released. ESCRT-III proteins, the most downstream components of the ESCRT system, are monomeric and cytosolic in their autoinhibited conformation. They share a common architecture, a four-helix bundle with a fifth helix that interacts with this bundle to prevent polymerizing. Upon binding to negatively charged membranes, the ESCRT-III components adopt an activated state that allows them to polymerize into filaments and spirals, and to interact with the AAA-ATPase Vps4 for polymer remodeling. ESCRT-III has been studied with electron microscopy (EM) and fluorescence microscopy (FM); these methods provided invaluable information about ESCRT assembly structures or their dynamics, respectively, but neither approach provides detailed insights into both aspects simultaneously. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) has overcome this shortcoming, providing movies at high spatio-temporal resolution of biomolecular processes, significantly increasing our understanding of ESCRT-III structure and dynamics. Here, we review the contributions of HS-AFM in the analysis of ESCRT-III, focusing on recent developments of non-planar and deformable HS-AFM supports. We divide the HS-AFM observations into four sequential steps in the ESCRT-III lifecycle: 1) polymerization, 2) morphology, 3) dynamics, and 4) depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Jukic
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alma P Perrino
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lorena Redondo-Morata
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Simon Scheuring
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY 14853, USA.
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14
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Moss FR, Lincoff J, Tucker M, Mohammed A, Grabe M, Frost A. Brominated lipid probes expose structural asymmetries in constricted membranes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:167-175. [PMID: 36624348 PMCID: PMC9935397 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipids in biological membranes are thought to be functionally organized, but few experimental tools can probe nanoscale membrane structure. Using brominated lipids as contrast probes for cryo-EM and a model ESCRT-III membrane-remodeling system composed of human CHMP1B and IST1, we observed leaflet-level and protein-localized structural lipid patterns within highly constricted and thinned membrane nanotubes. These nanotubes differed markedly from protein-free, flat bilayers in leaflet thickness, lipid diffusion rates and lipid compositional and conformational asymmetries. Simulations and cryo-EM imaging of brominated stearoyl-docosahexanenoyl-phosphocholine showed how a pair of phenylalanine residues scored the outer leaflet with a helical hydrophobic defect where polyunsaturated docosahexaenoyl tails accumulated at the bilayer surface. Combining cryo-EM of halogenated lipids with molecular dynamics thus enables new characterizations of the composition and structure of membranes on molecular length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Moss
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - James Lincoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell Tucker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arshad Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Michael Grabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Altos Labs, Redwood City, CA, USA.
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15
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Azad K, Guilligay D, Boscheron C, Maity S, De Franceschi N, Sulbaran G, Effantin G, Wang H, Kleman JP, Bassereau P, Schoehn G, Roos WH, Desfosses A, Weissenhorn W. Structural basis of CHMP2A-CHMP3 ESCRT-III polymer assembly and membrane cleavage. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:81-90. [PMID: 36604498 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is a highly conserved protein machinery that drives a divers set of physiological and pathological membrane remodeling processes. However, the structural basis of ESCRT-III polymers stabilizing, constricting and cleaving negatively curved membranes is yet unknown. Here we present cryo-EM structures of membrane-coated CHMP2A-CHMP3 filaments from Homo sapiens of two different diameters at 3.3 and 3.6 Å resolution. The structures reveal helical filaments assembled by CHMP2A-CHMP3 heterodimers in the open ESCRT-III conformation, which generates a partially positive charged membrane interaction surface, positions short N-terminal motifs for membrane interaction and the C-terminal VPS4 target sequence toward the tube interior. Inter-filament interactions are electrostatic, which may facilitate filament sliding upon VPS4-mediated polymer remodeling. Fluorescence microscopy as well as high-speed atomic force microscopy imaging corroborate that VPS4 can constrict and cleave CHMP2A-CHMP3 membrane tubes. We therefore conclude that CHMP2A-CHMP3-VPS4 act as a minimal membrane fission machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimi Azad
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Guilligay
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Cecile Boscheron
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Sourav Maity
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola De Franceschi
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France.,Curie Institute, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Curie, University of PSL, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guidenn Sulbaran
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Gregory Effantin
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Kleman
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Curie Institute, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Curie, University of PSL, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ambroise Desfosses
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France.
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France.
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16
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Andrade V, Echard A. Mechanics and regulation of cytokinetic abscission. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1046617. [PMID: 36506096 PMCID: PMC9730121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1046617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinetic abscission leads to the physical cut of the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting the daughter cells and concludes cell division. In different animal cells, it is well established that the ESCRT-III machinery is responsible for the constriction and scission of the ICB. Here, we review the mechanical context of abscission. We first summarize the evidence that the ICB is initially under high tension and explain why, paradoxically, this can inhibit abscission in epithelial cells by impacting on ESCRT-III assembly. We next detail the different mechanisms that have been recently identified to release ICB tension and trigger abscission. Finally, we discuss whether traction-induced mechanical cell rupture could represent an ancient alternative mechanism of abscission and suggest future research avenues to further understand the role of mechanics in regulating abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Andrade
- CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Arnaud Echard,
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17
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Wenzel DM, Mackay DR, Skalicky JJ, Paine EL, Miller MS, Ullman KS, Sundquist WI. Comprehensive analysis of the human ESCRT-III-MIT domain interactome reveals new cofactors for cytokinetic abscission. eLife 2022; 11:e77779. [PMID: 36107470 PMCID: PMC9477494 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 12 related human ESCRT-III proteins form filaments that constrict membranes and mediate fission, including during cytokinetic abscission. The C-terminal tails of polymerized ESCRT-III subunits also bind proteins that contain Microtubule-Interacting and Trafficking (MIT) domains. MIT domains can interact with ESCRT-III tails in many different ways to create a complex binding code that is used to recruit essential cofactors to sites of ESCRT activity. Here, we have comprehensively and quantitatively mapped the interactions between all known ESCRT-III tails and 19 recombinant human MIT domains. We measured 228 pairwise interactions, quantified 60 positive interactions, and discovered 18 previously unreported interactions. We also report the crystal structure of the SPASTIN MIT domain in complex with the IST1 C-terminal tail. Three MIT enzymes were studied in detail and shown to: (1) localize to cytokinetic midbody membrane bridges through interactions with their specific ESCRT-III binding partners (SPASTIN-IST1, KATNA1-CHMP3, and CAPN7-IST1), (2) function in abscission (SPASTIN, KATNA1, and CAPN7), and (3) function in the 'NoCut' abscission checkpoint (SPASTIN and CAPN7). Our studies define the human MIT-ESCRT-III interactome, identify new factors and activities required for cytokinetic abscission and its regulation, and provide a platform for analyzing ESCRT-III and MIT cofactor interactions in all ESCRT-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wenzel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Douglas R Mackay
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jack J Skalicky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Elliott L Paine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Katharine S Ullman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
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18
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Mo G, Li R, Swider Z, Leblanc J, Bement WM, Liu XJ. A localized calcium transient and polar body abscission. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2239-2254. [PMID: 35775922 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2092815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar body emission is a special form of cytokinesis in oocyte meiosis that ensures the correct number of chromosomes in reproduction-competent eggs. The molecular mechanism of the last step, polar body abscission, is poorly understood. While it has been proposed that Ca2+ signaling plays important roles in embryonic cytokinesis, to date transient increases in intracellular free Ca2+ have been difficult to document in oocyte meiosis except for the global Ca2+ wave induced by sperm at fertilization. Here, we find that microinjection of the calcium chelator dibromo-BAPTA inhibits polar body abscission in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Using a novel, microtubule-targeted ratio-metric calcium sensor, we detected a calcium transient that is focused at the contractile ring-associated plasma membrane and which occurred after anaphase and constriction of the contractile ring but prior to abscission. This calcium transient was confirmed by mobile calcium probes. Further, the Ca2+-sensitive protein kinase Cβ C2 domain transiently translocated to the contractile ring-associated membrane simultaneously with the calcium transient. Collectively, these results demonstrate that a calcium transient, apparently originating at the contractile ring-associated plasma membrane, promotes polar body abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Mo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Swider
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie Leblanc
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William M Bement
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - X Johné Liu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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19
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The Abscission Checkpoint: A Guardian of Chromosomal Stability. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123350. [PMID: 34943860 PMCID: PMC8699595 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The abscission checkpoint contributes to the fidelity of chromosome segregation by delaying completion of cytokinesis (abscission) when there is chromatin lagging in the intercellular bridge between dividing cells. Although additional triggers of an abscission checkpoint-delay have been described, including nuclear pore defects, replication stress or high intercellular bridge tension, this review will focus only on chromatin bridges. In the presence of such abnormal chromosomal tethers in mammalian cells, the abscission checkpoint requires proper localization and optimal kinase activity of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC)-catalytic subunit Aurora B at the midbody and culminates in the inhibition of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport-III (ESCRT-III) components at the abscission site to delay the final cut. Furthermore, cells with an active checkpoint stabilize the narrow cytoplasmic canal that connects the two daughter cells until the chromatin bridges are resolved. Unsuccessful resolution of chromatin bridges in checkpoint-deficient cells or in cells with unstable intercellular canals can lead to chromatin bridge breakage or tetraploidization by regression of the cleavage furrow. In turn, these outcomes can lead to accumulation of DNA damage, chromothripsis, generation of hypermutation clusters and chromosomal instability, which are associated with cancer formation or progression. Recently, many important questions regarding the mechanisms of the abscission checkpoint have been investigated, such as how the presence of chromatin bridges is signaled to the CPC, how Aurora B localization and kinase activity is regulated in late midbodies, the signaling pathways by which Aurora B implements the abscission delay, and how the actin cytoskeleton is remodeled to stabilize intercellular canals with DNA bridges. Here, we review recent progress toward understanding the mechanisms of the abscission checkpoint and its role in guarding genome integrity at the chromosome level, and consider its potential implications for cancer therapy.
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20
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Merigliano C, Burla R, La Torre M, Del Giudice S, Teo H, Liew CW, Chojnowski A, Goh WI, Olmos Y, Maccaroni K, Giubettini M, Chiolo I, Carlton JG, Raimondo D, Vernì F, Stewart CL, Rhodes D, Wright GD, Burke BE, Saggio I. AKTIP interacts with ESCRT I and is needed for the recruitment of ESCRT III subunits to the midbody. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009757. [PMID: 34449766 PMCID: PMC8428793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To complete mitosis, the bridge that links the two daughter cells needs to be cleaved. This step is carried out by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. AKTIP, a protein discovered to be associated with telomeres and the nuclear membrane in interphase cells, shares sequence similarities with the ESCRT I component TSG101. Here we present evidence that during mitosis AKTIP is part of the ESCRT machinery at the midbody. AKTIP interacts with the ESCRT I subunit VPS28 and forms a circular supra-structure at the midbody, in close proximity with TSG101 and VPS28 and adjacent to the members of the ESCRT III module CHMP2A, CHMP4B and IST1. Mechanistically, the recruitment of AKTIP is dependent on MKLP1 and independent of CEP55. AKTIP and TSG101 are needed together for the recruitment of the ESCRT III subunit CHMP4B and in parallel for the recruitment of IST1. Alone, the reduction of AKTIP impinges on IST1 and causes multinucleation. Our data altogether reveal that AKTIP is a component of the ESCRT I module and functions in the recruitment of ESCRT III components required for abscission. To complete cell division, the bridge that links the two daughter cells needs to be cleaved. This step is carried out by a machinery named “endosomal sorting complex required for transport” (ESCRT). The dissection of this machinery is important in basic biology and for investigating diseases in which cell division is altered. AKTIP, a factor discovered to be needed for chromosome integrity, shares similarities with a component of the ESCRT machinery named TSG101. Here we present evidence that AKTIP is part of the ESCRT machinery, as TSG101. More specifically, we show that AKTIP physically interacts with members of the ESCRT machinery and forms a characteristic circular structure at the center of the bridge linking the daughter cells. We also show that the reduction of AKTIP levels causes defects in the assembly of the ESCRT machinery and in cell division. In future work, it will be interesting to investigate the association of AKTIP with cancer, because in tumorigenesis cell division is altered and since an implication in cancer has been described for TSG101 and other ESCRT factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romina Burla
- Sapienza University Dept. Biology and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia La Torre
- Sapienza University Dept. Biology and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Hsiangling Teo
- Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chong Wai Liew
- Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Alexandre Chojnowski
- A*STAR, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, ASLR, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- A*STAR, Singapore Nuclear Dynamics and Architecture, ASLR Skin Research Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Wah Ing Goh
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform, Research Support Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Yolanda Olmos
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Organelle Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Klizia Maccaroni
- Sapienza University Dept. Biology and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Irene Chiolo
- University of Southern California, Molecular and Computational Biology Dept., Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremy G. Carlton
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Organelle Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Sapienza University Dept. Biology and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
| | - Colin L. Stewart
- A*STAR, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, ASLR, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Dept. of Physiology National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniela Rhodes
- Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Graham D. Wright
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform, Research Support Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Brian E. Burke
- A*STAR, Singapore Nuclear Dynamics and Architecture, ASLR Skin Research Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Sapienza University Dept. Biology and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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21
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Rezig IM, Yaduma WG, Gould GW, McInerny CJ. Anillin/Mid1p interacts with the ESCRT-associated protein Vps4p and mitotic kinases to regulate cytokinesis in fission yeast. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1845-1860. [PMID: 34382912 PMCID: PMC8525990 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1962637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell cycle which separates cellular constituents to produce two daughter cells. Using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe we have investigated the role of various classes of proteins involved in this process. Central to these is anillin/Mid1p which forms a ring-like structure at the cell equator that predicts the site of cell separation through septation in fission yeast. Here we demonstrate a direct physical interaction between Mid1p and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-associated protein Vps4p, a genetic interaction of the mid1 and vps4 genes essential for cell viability, and a requirement of Vps4p for the correct cellular localization of Mid1p. Furthermore, we show that Mid1p is phosphorylated by aurora kinase, a genetic interaction of the mid1 and the aurora kinase ark1 genes is essential for cell viability, and that Ark1p is also required for the correct cellular localization of Mid1p. We mapped the sites of phosphorylation of Mid1p by human aurora A and the polo kinase Plk1 and assessed their importance in fission yeast by mutational analysis. Such analysis revealed serine residues S332, S523 and S531 to be required for Mid1p function and its interaction with Vps4p, Ark1p and Plo1p. Combined these data suggest a physical interaction between Mid1p and Vps4p important for cytokinesis, and identify phosphorylation of Mid1p by aurora and polo kinases as being significant for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane M Rezig
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wandiahyel G Yaduma
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher J McInerny
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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22
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Benoit B, Baillet A, Poüs C. Cytoskeleton and Associated Proteins: Pleiotropic JNK Substrates and Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8375. [PMID: 34445080 PMCID: PMC8395060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review extensively reports data from the literature concerning the complex relationships between the stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and the four main cytoskeleton elements, which are actin filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and septins. To a lesser extent, we also focused on the two membrane-associated cytoskeletons spectrin and ESCRT-III. We gather the mechanisms controlling cytoskeleton-associated JNK activation and the known cytoskeleton-related substrates directly phosphorylated by JNK. We also point out specific locations of the JNK upstream regulators at cytoskeletal components. We finally compile available techniques and tools that could allow a better characterization of the interplay between the different types of cytoskeleton filaments upon JNK-mediated stress and during development. This overview may bring new important information for applied medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Anita Baillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Christian Poüs
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Biochimie-Hormonologie, AP-HP Université Paris-Saclay, Site Antoine Béclère, 157 Rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141 Clamart, France
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23
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Banjade S, Shah YH, Tang S, Emr SD. Design principles of the ESCRT-III Vps24-Vps2 module. eLife 2021; 10:67709. [PMID: 34028356 PMCID: PMC8143795 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ESCRT-III polymerization is required for all endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent events in the cell. However, the relative contributions of the eight ESCRT-III subunits differ between each process. The minimal features of ESCRT-III proteins necessary for function and the role for the multiple ESCRT-III subunits remain unclear. To identify essential features of ESCRT-III subunits, we previously studied the polymerization mechanisms of two ESCRT-III subunits Snf7 and Vps24, identifying the association of the helix-4 region of Snf7 with the helix-1 region of Vps24 (Banjade et al., 2019a). Here, we find that mutations in the helix-1 region of another ESCRT-III subunit Vps2 can functionally replace Vps24 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Engineering and genetic selections revealed the required features of both subunits. Our data allow us to propose three minimal features required for ESCRT-III function – spiral formation, lateral association of the spirals through heteropolymerization, and binding to the AAA + ATPase Vps4 for dynamic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Banjade
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Yousuf H Shah
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Shaogeng Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Scott D Emr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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24
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Pfitzner AK, Moser von Filseck J, Roux A. Principles of membrane remodeling by dynamic ESCRT-III polymers. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:856-868. [PMID: 33980463 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal protein complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) polymers are involved in many crucial cellular functions, from cell division to endosome-lysosome dynamics. As a eukaryotic membrane remodeling machinery, ESCRT-III is unique in its ability to catalyze fission of membrane necks from their luminal side and to participate in membrane remodeling processes of essentially all cellular organelles. Found in Archaea, it is also the most evolutionary ancient membrane remodeling machinery. The simple protein structure shared by all of its subunits assembles into a large variety of filament shapes, limiting our understanding of how these filaments achieve membrane remodeling. Here, we review recent findings that discovered unpredicted properties of ESCRT-III polymers, which enable us to define general principles of the mechanism by which ESCRT-III filaments remodel membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aurélien Roux
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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25
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Alqabandi M, de Franceschi N, Maity S, Miguet N, Bally M, Roos WH, Weissenhorn W, Bassereau P, Mangenot S. The ESCRT-III isoforms CHMP2A and CHMP2B display different effects on membranes upon polymerization. BMC Biol 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 33832485 PMCID: PMC8033747 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ESCRT-III proteins are involved in many membrane remodeling processes including multivesicular body biogenesis as first discovered in yeast. In humans, ESCRT-III CHMP2 exists as two isoforms, CHMP2A and CHMP2B, but their physical characteristics have not been compared yet. RESULTS Here, we use a combination of techniques on biomimetic systems and purified proteins to study their affinity and effects on membranes. We establish that CHMP2B binding is enhanced in the presence of PI(4,5)P2 lipids. In contrast, CHMP2A does not display lipid specificity and requires CHMP3 for binding significantly to membranes. On the micrometer scale and at moderate bulk concentrations, CHMP2B forms a reticular structure on membranes whereas CHMP2A (+CHMP3) binds homogeneously. Thus, CHMP2A and CHMP2B unexpectedly induce different mechanical effects to membranes: CHMP2B strongly rigidifies them while CHMP2A (+CHMP3) has no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS We therefore conclude that CHMP2B and CHMP2A exhibit different mechanical properties and might thus contribute differently to the diverse ESCRT-III-catalyzed membrane remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alqabandi
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicola de Franceschi
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sourav Maity
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nolwenn Miguet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marta Bally
- Umeå University, Department of Clinical Microbiology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Mangenot
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France.
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26
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Why Cells and Viruses Cannot Survive without an ESCRT. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030483. [PMID: 33668191 PMCID: PMC7995964 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular organelles enwrapped in membranes along with a complex network of vesicles trafficking in, out and inside the cellular environment are one of the main features of eukaryotic cells. Given their central role in cell life, compartmentalization and mechanisms allowing their maintenance despite continuous crosstalk among different organelles have been deeply investigated over the past years. Here, we review the multiple functions exerted by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery in driving membrane remodeling and fission, as well as in repairing physiological and pathological membrane damages. In this way, ESCRT machinery enables different fundamental cellular processes, such as cell cytokinesis, biogenesis of organelles and vesicles, maintenance of nuclear–cytoplasmic compartmentalization, endolysosomal activity. Furthermore, we discuss some examples of how viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, have evolved to hijack the ESCRT machinery or part of it to execute/optimize their replication cycle/infection. A special emphasis is given to the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) interaction with the ESCRT proteins, considering the peculiarities of this interplay and the need for HSV-1 to cross both the nuclear-cytoplasmic and the cytoplasmic-extracellular environment compartmentalization to egress from infected cells.
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27
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Loss of Coiled-Coil Protein Cep55 Impairs Neural Stem Cell Abscission and Results in p53-Dependent Apoptosis in Developing Cortex. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3344-3365. [PMID: 33622776 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1955-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To build the brain, embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) tightly regulate their cell divisions, undergoing a polarized form of cytokinesis that is poorly understood. Cytokinetic abscission is mediated by the midbody to sever the daughter cells at the apical membrane. In cell lines, the coiled-coil protein Cep55 was reported to be required for abscission. Mutations of Cep55 in humans cause a variety of cortical malformations. However, its role in the specialized divisions of NSCs is unclear. Here, we elucidate the roles of Cep55 in abscission and brain development. KO of Cep55 in mice causes abscission defects in neural and non-neural cell types, and postnatal lethality. The brain is disproportionately affected, with severe microcephaly at birth. Quantitative analyses of abscission in fixed and live cortical NSCs show that Cep55 acts to increase the speed and success rate of abscission, by facilitating ESCRT recruitment and timely microtubule disassembly. However, most NSCs complete abscission successfully in the absence of Cep55 Those that fail show a tissue-specific response: binucleate NSCs and neurons elevate p53, but binucleate fibroblasts do not. This leads to massive apoptosis in the brain, but not other tissues. Double KO of both p53 and Cep55 blocks apoptosis but only partially rescues Cep55 -/- brain size. This may be because of the persistent NSC cell division defects and p53-independent premature cell cycle exit. This work adds to emerging evidence that abscission regulation and error tolerance vary by cell type and are especially crucial in neural stem cells as they build the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT During brain growth, embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) must divide many times. In the last step of cell division, the daughter cell severs its connection to the mother stem cell, a process called abscission. The protein Cep55 is thought to be essential for recruiting proteins to the mother-daughter cell connection to complete abscission. We find that Cep55 mutants have very small brains with disturbed structure, but almost normal size bodies. NSC abscission can occur, but it is slower than normal, and failures are increased. Furthermore, NSCs that do fail abscission activate a signal for programmed cell death, whereas non-neural cells do not. Blocking this signal only partly restores brain growth, showing that regulation of abscission is crucial for brain development.
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28
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Labat-de-Hoz L, Rubio-Ramos A, Casares-Arias J, Bernabé-Rubio M, Correas I, Alonso MA. A Model for Primary Cilium Biogenesis by Polarized Epithelial Cells: Role of the Midbody Remnant and Associated Specialized Membranes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:622918. [PMID: 33585461 PMCID: PMC7873843 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are solitary, microtubule-based protrusions surrounded by a ciliary membrane equipped with selected receptors that orchestrate important signaling pathways that control cell growth, differentiation, development and homeostasis. Depending on the cell type, primary cilium assembly takes place intracellularly or at the cell surface. The intracellular route has been the focus of research on primary cilium biogenesis, whereas the route that occurs at the cell surface, which we call the "alternative" route, has been much less thoroughly characterized. In this review, based on recent experimental evidence, we present a model of primary ciliogenesis by the alternative route in which the remnant of the midbody generated upon cytokinesis acquires compact membranes, that are involved in compartmentalization of biological membranes. The midbody remnant delivers part of those membranes to the centrosome in order to assemble the ciliary membrane, thereby licensing primary cilium formation. The midbody remnant's involvement in primary cilium formation, the regulation of its inheritance by the ESCRT machinery, and the assembly of the ciliary membrane from the membranes originally associated with the remnant are discussed in the context of the literature concerning the ciliary membrane, the emerging roles of the midbody remnant, the regulation of cytokinesis, and the role of membrane compartmentalization. We also present a model of cilium emergence during evolution, and summarize the directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Rubio-Ramos
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Casares-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernabé-Rubio
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Horváth P, Müller-Reichert T. A Structural View on ESCRT-Mediated Abscission. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586880. [PMID: 33240884 PMCID: PMC7680848 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) mediates cellular processes that are related to membrane remodeling, such as multivesicular body (MVB) formation, viral budding and cytokinesis. Abscission is the final stage of cytokinesis that results in the physical separation of the newly formed two daughter cells. Although abscission has been investigated for decades, there are still fundamental open questions related to the spatio-temporal organization of the molecular machinery involved in this process. Reviewing knowledge obtained from in vitro as well as in vivo experiments, we give a brief overview on the role of ESCRT components in abscission mainly focussing on mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Horváth
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller-Reichert
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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30
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Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) I, -II and -III, and their associated factors are a collection of ∼20 proteins in yeast and ∼30 in mammals, responsible for severing membrane necks in processes that range from multivesicular body formation, HIV release and cytokinesis, to plasma and lysosomal membrane repair. ESCRTs are best known for 'reverse-topology' membrane scission, where they act on the inner surface of membrane necks, often when membranes are budded away from the cytosol. These events are driven by membrane-associated assemblies of dozens to hundreds of ESCRT molecules. ESCRT-III proteins form filaments with a variety of geometries and ESCRT-I has now been shown to also form helical structures. The complex nature of the system and the unusual topology of its action has made progress challenging, and led to controversies with regard to its underlying mechanism. This Review will focus on recent advances obtained by structural in vitro reconstitution and in silico mechanistic studies, and places them in their biological context. The field is converging towards a consensus on the broad outlines of a mechanism that is driven by a progressive ATP-dependent treadmilling exchange of ESCRT subunits, as well as compositional change and geometric transitions in ESCRT filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Remec Pavlin
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James H Hurley
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA .,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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31
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Endosomal membrane tension regulates ESCRT-III-dependent intra-lumenal vesicle formation. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:947-959. [PMID: 32753669 PMCID: PMC7612185 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane tension strongly affects cell surface processes, such as migration, endocytosis and signalling. However, it is not known whether membrane tension of organelles regulates their functions, notably intracellular traffic. The ESCRT-III complex is the major membrane remodelling complex that drives Intra-Lumenal Vesicle (ILV) formation on endosomal membranes. Here, we made use of a fluorescent membrane tension probe to show that ESCRT-III subunits are recruited onto endosomal membranes when membrane tension is reduced. We find that tension-dependent recruitment is associated with ESCRT-III polymerization and membrane deformation in vitro, and correlates with increased ILV formation in ESCRT-III decorated endosomes in vivo. Finally, we find that endosomal membrane tension decreases when ILV formation is triggered by EGF under physiological conditions. These results indicate that membrane tension is a major regulator of ILV formation and of endosome trafficking, leading us to conclude that membrane tension can control organelle functions.
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32
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Midbody Remnant Inheritance Is Regulated by the ESCRT Subunit CHMP4C. iScience 2020; 23:101244. [PMID: 32629610 PMCID: PMC7322264 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The inheritance of the midbody remnant (MBR) breaks the symmetry of the two daughter cells, with functional consequences for lumen and primary cilium formation by polarized epithelial cells, and also for development and differentiation. However, despite its importance, neither the relationship between the plasma membrane and the inherited MBR nor the mechanism of MBR inheritance is well known. Here, the analysis by correlative light and ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscopy reveals a membranous stalk that physically connects the MBR to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. The stalk, which derives from the uncleaved side of the midbody, concentrates the ESCRT machinery. The ESCRT CHMP4C subunit enables MBR inheritance, and its depletion dramatically reduces the percentage of ciliated cells. We demonstrate (1) that MBRs are physically connected to the plasma membrane, (2) how CHMP4C helps maintain the integrity of the connection, and (3) the functional importance of the connection. Most midbody remnants of MDCK cells are physically connected to the apical membrane The connection derives from the uncleaved arm of the midbody CHMP4C distributes asymmetrically in the connection and maintains its integrity A connected midbody remnant is necessary for primary cilium formation by these cells
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33
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Bertin A, de Franceschi N, de la Mora E, Maity S, Alqabandi M, Miguet N, di Cicco A, Roos WH, Mangenot S, Weissenhorn W, Bassereau P. Human ESCRT-III polymers assemble on positively curved membranes and induce helical membrane tube formation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2663. [PMID: 32471988 PMCID: PMC7260177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes for transport-III (ESCRT-III) assemble in vivo onto membranes with negative Gaussian curvature. How membrane shape influences ESCRT-III polymerization and how ESCRT-III shapes membranes is yet unclear. Human core ESCRT-III proteins, CHMP4B, CHMP2A, CHMP2B and CHMP3 are used to address this issue in vitro by combining membrane nanotube pulling experiments, cryo-electron tomography and AFM. We show that CHMP4B filaments preferentially bind to flat membranes or to tubes with positive mean curvature. Both CHMP2B and CHMP2A/CHMP3 assemble on positively curved membrane tubes. Combinations of CHMP4B/CHMP2B and CHMP4B/CHMP2A/CHMP3 are recruited to the neck of pulled membrane tubes and reshape vesicles into helical "corkscrew-like" membrane tubes. Sub-tomogram averaging reveals that the ESCRT-III filaments assemble parallel and locally perpendicular to the tube axis, highlighting the mechanical stresses imposed by ESCRT-III. Our results underline the versatile membrane remodeling activity of ESCRT-III that may be a general feature required for cellular membrane remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Nicola de Franceschi
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Eugenio de la Mora
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sourav Maity
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Alqabandi
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nolwen Miguet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie di Cicco
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie Mangenot
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
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The Flemmingsome reveals an ESCRT-to-membrane coupling via ALIX/syntenin/syndecan-4 required for completion of cytokinesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1941. [PMID: 32321914 PMCID: PMC7176721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis requires the constriction of ESCRT-III filaments on the side of the midbody, where abscission occurs. After ESCRT recruitment at the midbody, it is not known how the ESCRT-III machinery localizes to the abscission site. To reveal actors involved in abscission, we obtained the proteome of intact, post-abscission midbodies (Flemmingsome) and identified 489 proteins enriched in this organelle. Among these proteins, we further characterized a plasma membrane-to-ESCRT module composed of the transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-4, ALIX and syntenin, a protein that bridges ESCRT-III/ALIX to syndecans. The three proteins are highly recruited first at the midbody then at the abscission site, and their depletion delays abscission. Mechanistically, direct interactions between ALIX, syntenin and syndecan-4 are essential for proper enrichment of the ESCRT-III machinery at the abscission site, but not at the midbody. We propose that the ESCRT-III machinery must be physically coupled to a membrane protein at the cytokinetic abscission site for efficient scission, uncovering common requirements in cytokinesis, exosome formation and HIV budding.
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Tedeschi A, Almagro J, Renshaw MJ, Messal HA, Behrens A, Petronczki M. Cep55 promotes cytokinesis of neural progenitors but is dispensable for most mammalian cell divisions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1746. [PMID: 32269212 PMCID: PMC7142149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cell lines, the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III mediates abscission, the process that physically separates daughter cells and completes cell division. Cep55 protein is regarded as the master regulator of abscission, because it recruits ESCRT-III to the midbody (MB), the site of abscission. However, the importance of this mechanism in a mammalian organism has never been tested. Here we show that Cep55 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Cep55-knockout offspring show microcephaly and primary neural progenitors require Cep55 and ESCRT for survival and abscission. However, Cep55 is dispensable for cell division in embryonic or adult tissues. In vitro, division of primary fibroblasts occurs without Cep55 and ESCRT-III at the midbody and is not affected by ESCRT depletion. Our work defines Cep55 as an abscission regulator only in specific tissue contexts and necessitates the re-evaluation of an alternative ESCRT-independent cell division mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tedeschi
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Cell Division and Aneuploidy Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, EN6 3LD, UK.
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew J Renshaw
- Advanced Light Microscopy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mark Petronczki
- Cell Division and Aneuploidy Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, EN6 3LD, UK
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, A-1121, Vienna, Austria
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Yagisawa F, Fujiwara T, Takemura T, Kobayashi Y, Sumiya N, Miyagishima SY, Nakamura S, Imoto Y, Misumi O, Tanaka K, Kuroiwa H, Kuroiwa T. ESCRT Machinery Mediates Cytokinetic Abscission in the Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:169. [PMID: 32346536 PMCID: PMC7169423 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In many eukaryotes, cytokinesis proceeds in two successive steps: first, ingression of the cleavage furrow and second, abscission of the intercellular bridge. In animal cells, the actomyosin contractile ring is involved in the first step, while the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), which participates in various membrane fusion/fission events, mediates the second step. Intriguingly, in archaea, ESCRT is involved in cytokinesis, raising the hypothesis that the function of ESCRT in eukaryotic cytokinesis descended from the archaeal ancestor. In eukaryotes other than in animals, the roles of ESCRT in cytokinesis are poorly understood. To explore the primordial core mechanisms for eukaryotic cytokinesis, we investigated ESCRT functions in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae that diverged early in eukaryotic evolution. C. merolae provides an excellent experimental system. The cell has a simple organelle composition. The genome (16.5 Mb, 5335 genes) has been completely sequenced, transformation methods are established, and the cell cycle is synchronized by a light and dark cycle. Similar to animal and fungal cells, C. merolae cells divide by furrowing at the division site followed by abscission of the intercellular bridge. However, they lack an actomyosin contractile ring. The proteins that comprise ESCRT-I-IV, the four subcomplexes of ESCRT, are partially conserved in C. merolae. Immunofluorescence of native or tagged proteins localized the homologs of the five ESCRT-III components [charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) 1, 2, and 4-6], apoptosis-linked gene-2-interacting protein X (ALIX), the ESCRT-III adapter, and the main ESCRT-IV player vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) 4, to the intercellular bridge. In addition, ALIX was enriched around the cleavage furrow early in cytokinesis. When the ESCRT function was perturbed by expressing dominant-negative VPS4, cells with an elongated intercellular bridge accumulated-a phenotype resulting from abscission failure. Our results show that ESCRT mediates cytokinetic abscission in C. merolae. The fact that ESCRT plays a role in cytokinesis in archaea, animals, and early diverged alga C. merolae supports the hypothesis that the function of ESCRT in cytokinesis descended from archaea to a common ancestor of eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Yagisawa
- Center for Research Advancement and Collaboration, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
- JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tokiaki Takemura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuko Sumiya
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Miyagishima
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
- JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Soichi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Cell and Functional Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuuta Imoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Osami Misumi
- Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kan Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruko Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Science, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Science, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nguyen HC, Talledge N, McCullough J, Sharma A, Moss FR, Iwasa JH, Vershinin MD, Sundquist WI, Frost A. Membrane constriction and thinning by sequential ESCRT-III polymerization. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:392-399. [PMID: 32251413 PMCID: PMC7343221 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) mediate diverse membrane remodeling events. These typically require ESCRT-III proteins to stabilize negatively curved membranes; however, recent work has indicated that certain ESCRT-IIIs also participate in positive-curvature membrane-shaping reactions. ESCRT-IIIs polymerize into membrane-binding filaments, but the structural basis for negative versus positive membrane remodeling by these proteins remains poorly understood. To learn how certain ESCRT-IIIs shape positively curved membranes, we determined structures of human membrane-bound CHMP1B-only, membrane-bound CHMP1B + IST1, and IST1-only filaments by cryo-EM. Our structures show how CHMP1B first polymerizes into a single-stranded helical filament, shaping membranes into moderate-curvature tubules. Subsequently, IST1 assembles a second strand on CHMP1B, further constricting the membrane tube and reducing its diameter nearly to the fission point. Each step of constriction thins the underlying bilayer, lowering the barrier to membrane fission. Our structures reveal how a two-component, sequential polymerization mechanism drives membrane tubulation, constriction and bilayer thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Talledge
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John McCullough
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Sharma
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Frank R Moss
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet H Iwasa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael D Vershinin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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38
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Rizzelli F, Malabarba MG, Sigismund S, Mapelli M. The crosstalk between microtubules, actin and membranes shapes cell division. Open Biol 2020; 10:190314. [PMID: 32183618 PMCID: PMC7125961 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression is orchestrated by morphological and mechanical changes promoted by the coordinated activities of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane (PM). MTs assemble the mitotic spindle, which assists sister chromatid separation, and contact the rigid and tensile actomyosin cortex rounded-up underneath the PM. Here, we highlight the dynamic crosstalk between MTs, actin and cell membranes during mitosis, and discuss the molecular connections between them. We also summarize recent views on how MT traction forces, the actomyosin cortex and membrane trafficking contribute to spindle positioning in isolated cells in culture and in epithelial sheets. Finally, we describe the emerging role of membrane trafficking in synchronizing actomyosin tension and cell shape changes with cell–substrate adhesion, cell–cell contacts and extracellular signalling events regulating proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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39
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Carlton JG, Jones H, Eggert US. Membrane and organelle dynamics during cell division. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:151-166. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Xing F, Qu S, Liu J, Yang J, Hu F, Drevenšek-Olenik I, Pan L, Xu J. Intercellular Bridge Mediates Ca 2+ Signals between Micropatterned Cells via IP 3 and Ca 2+ Diffusion. Biophys J 2020; 118:1196-1204. [PMID: 32023438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular bridges are plasma continuities formed at the end of the cytokinesis process that facilitate intercellular mass transport between the two daughter cells. However, it remains largely unknown how the intercellular bridge mediates Ca2+ communication between postmitotic cells. In this work, we utilize BV-2 microglial cells planted on dumbbell-shaped micropatterned assemblies to resolve spatiotemporal characteristics of Ca2+ signal transfer over the intercellular bridges. With the use of such micropatterns, considerably longer and more regular intercellular bridges can be obtained than in conventional cell cultures. The initial Ca2+ signal is evoked by mechanical stimulation of one of the daughter cells. A considerable time delay is observed between the arrivals of passive Ca2+ diffusion and endogenous Ca2+ response in the intercellular-bridge-connected cell, indicating two different pathways of the Ca2+ communication. Extracellular Ca2+ and the paracrine pathway have practically no effect on the endogenous Ca2+ response, demonstrated by application of Ca2+-free medium, exogenous ATP, and P2Y13 receptor antagonist. In contrast, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor blocker 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate significantly inhibit the endogenous Ca2+ increase, which signifies involvement of IP3-sensitive calcium store release. Notably, passive Ca2+ diffusion into the connected cell can clearly be detected when IP3-sensitive calcium store release is abolished by 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate. Those observations prove that both passive Ca2+ diffusion and IP3-mediated endogenous Ca2+ response contribute to the Ca2+ increase in intercellular-bridge-connected cells. Moreover, a simulation model agreed well with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Songyue Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junfang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fen Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Irena Drevenšek-Olenik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, and J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leiting Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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41
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Abstract
Cellular membranes can form two principally different involutions, which either exclude or contain cytosol. The 'classical' budding reactions, such as those occurring during endocytosis or formation of exocytic vesicles, involve proteins that assemble on the cytosol-excluding face of the bud neck. Inverse membrane involution occurs in a wide range of cellular processes, supporting cytokinesis, endosome maturation, autophagy, membrane repair and many other processes. Such inverse membrane remodelling is mediated by a heteromultimeric protein machinery known as endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). ESCRT proteins assemble on the cytosolic (or nucleoplasmic) face of the neck of the forming involution and cooperate with the ATPase VPS4 to drive membrane scission or sealing. Here, we review similarities and differences of various ESCRT-dependent processes, with special emphasis on mechanisms of ESCRT recruitment.
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42
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Monteonofrio L, Valente D, Rinaldo C, Soddu S. Extrachromosomal Histone H2B Contributes to the Formation of the Abscission Site for Cell Division. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111391. [PMID: 31694230 PMCID: PMC6912571 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histones are constitutive components of nucleosomes and key regulators of chromatin structure. We previously observed that an extrachromosomal histone H2B (ecH2B) localizes at the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting the two daughter cells during cytokinesis independently of DNA and RNA. Here, we show that ecH2B binds and colocalizes with CHMP4B, a key component of the ESCRT-III machinery responsible for abscission, the final step of cell division. Abscission requires the formation of an abscission site at the ICB where the ESCRT-III complex organizes into narrowing cortical helices that drive the physical separation of sibling cells. ecH2B depletion does not prevent membrane cleavage rather results in abscission delay and accumulation of abnormally long and thin ICBs. In the absence of ecH2B, CHMP4B and other components of the fission machinery, such as IST1 and Spastin, are recruited to the ICB and localize at the midbody. However, in the late stage of abscission, these fission factors fail to re-localize at the periphery of the midbody and the abscission site fails to form. These results show that extrachromosomal activity of histone H2B is required in the formation of the abscission site and the proper localization of the fission machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Monteonofrio
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.V.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (S.S.); Tel.: +1-(443)-410-9571 (L.M.); +39-065266-2492 (S.S.)
| | - Davide Valente
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.V.); (C.R.)
| | - Cinzia Rinaldo
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.V.); (C.R.)
- Institutes of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (D.V.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (S.S.); Tel.: +1-(443)-410-9571 (L.M.); +39-065266-2492 (S.S.)
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43
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Peterman E, Prekeris R. The postmitotic midbody: Regulating polarity, stemness, and proliferation. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3903-3911. [PMID: 31690620 PMCID: PMC6891101 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peterman and Prekeris review abscission and discuss the diverse roles for the postmitotic midbody in regulating polarity, tumorigenesis, and stemness. Abscission, the final stage of cell division, requires well-orchestrated changes in endocytic trafficking, microtubule severing, actin clearance, and the physical sealing of the daughter cell membranes. These processes are highly regulated, and any missteps in localized membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics often lead to a delay or a failure in cell division. The midbody, a microtubule-rich structure that forms during cytokinesis, is a key regulator of abscission and appears to function as a signaling platform coordinating cytoskeleton and endosomal dynamics during the terminal stages of cell division. It was long thought that immediately following abscission and the conclusion of cell division, the midbody is either released or rapidly degraded by one of the daughter cells. Recently, the midbody has gained prominence for exerting postmitotic functions. In this review, we detail the role of the midbody in orchestrating abscission, as well as discuss the relatively new field of postabscission midbody biology, particularly focusing on how it may act to regulate cell polarity and its potential to regulate cell tumorigenicity or stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peterman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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44
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Harker-Kirschneck L, Baum B, Šarić A. Changes in ESCRT-III filament geometry drive membrane remodelling and fission in silico. BMC Biol 2019; 17:82. [PMID: 31640700 PMCID: PMC6806514 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ESCRT-III is a membrane remodelling filament with the unique ability to cut membranes from the inside of the membrane neck. It is essential for the final stage of cell division, the formation of vesicles, the release of viruses, and membrane repair. Distinct from other cytoskeletal filaments, ESCRT-III filaments do not consume energy themselves, but work in conjunction with another ATP-consuming complex. Despite rapid progress in describing the cell biology of ESCRT-III, we lack an understanding of the physical mechanisms behind its force production and membrane remodelling. RESULTS Here we present a minimal coarse-grained model that captures all the experimentally reported cases of ESCRT-III driven membrane sculpting, including the formation of downward and upward cones and tubules. This model suggests that a change in the geometry of membrane bound ESCRT-III filaments-from a flat spiral to a 3D helix-drives membrane deformation. We then show that such repetitive filament geometry transitions can induce the fission of cargo-containing vesicles. CONCLUSIONS Our model provides a general physical mechanism that explains the full range of ESCRT-III-dependent membrane remodelling and scission events observed in cells. This mechanism for filament force production is distinct from the mechanisms described for other cytoskeletal elements discovered so far. The mechanistic principles revealed here suggest new ways of manipulating ESCRT-III-driven processes in cells and could be used to guide the engineering of synthetic membrane-sculpting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Harker-Kirschneck
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Buzz Baum
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - And̄ela Šarić
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
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45
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Hoffman HK, Fernandez MV, Groves NS, Freed EO, van Engelenburg SB. Genomic tagging of endogenous human ESCRT-I complex preserves ESCRT-mediated membrane-remodeling functions. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16266-16281. [PMID: 31519756 PMCID: PMC6827313 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery drives membrane scission for diverse cellular functions that require budding away from the cytosol, including cell division and transmembrane receptor trafficking and degradation. The ESCRT machinery is also hijacked by retroviruses, such as HIV-1, to release virions from infected cells. The crucial roles of the ESCRTs in cellular physiology and viral disease make it imperative to understand the membrane scission mechanism. Current methodological limitations, namely artifacts caused by overexpression of ESCRT subunits, obstruct our understanding of the spatiotemporal organization of the endogenous human ESCRT machinery. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in to tag the critical ESCRT-I component tumor susceptibility 101 (Tsg101) with GFP at its native locus in two widely used human cell types, HeLa epithelial cells and Jurkat T cells. We validated this approach by assessing the function of these knock-in cell lines in cytokinesis, receptor degradation, and virus budding. Using this probe, we measured the incorporation of endogenous Tsg101 in released HIV-1 particles, supporting the notion that the ESCRT machinery initiates virus abscission by scaffolding early-acting ESCRT-I within the head of the budding virus. We anticipate that these validated cell lines will be a valuable tool for interrogating dynamics of the native human ESCRT machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxley K Hoffman
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210
| | - Melissa V Fernandez
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Nicholas S Groves
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Schuyler B van Engelenburg
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210
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Gatta AT, Carlton JG. The ESCRT-machinery: closing holes and expanding roles. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 59:121-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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HIPK2 Phosphorylates the Microtubule-Severing Enzyme Spastin at S268 for Abscission. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070684. [PMID: 31284535 PMCID: PMC6678495 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscission is the final step of cell division, mediating the physical separation of the two daughter cells. A key player in this process is the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin that localizes at the midbody where its activity is crucial to cut microtubules and culminate the cytokinesis. Recently, we demonstrated that HIPK2, a multifunctional kinase involved in several cellular pathways, contributes to abscission and prevents tetraploidization. Here, we show that HIPK2 binds and phosphorylates spastin at serine 268. During cytokinesis, the midbody-localized spastin is phosphorylated at S268 in HIPK2-proficient cells. In contrast, no spastin is detectable at the midbody in HIPK2-depleted cells. The non-phosphorylatable spastin-S268A mutant does not localize at the midbody and cannot rescue HIPK2-depleted cells from abscission defects. In contrast, the phosphomimetic spastin-S268D mutant localizes at the midbody and restores successful abscission in the HIPK2-depleted cells. These results show that spastin is a novel target of HIPK2 and that HIPK2-mediated phosphorylation of spastin contributes to its midbody localization for successful abscission.
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Karasmanis EP, Hwang D, Nakos K, Bowen JR, Angelis D, Spiliotis ET. A Septin Double Ring Controls the Spatiotemporal Organization of the ESCRT Machinery in Cytokinetic Abscission. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2174-2182.e7. [PMID: 31204162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abscission is the terminal step of mitosis that physically separates two daughter cells [1, 2]. Abscission requires the endocytic sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), a molecular machinery of multiple subcomplexes (ESCRT-I/II/III) that promotes membrane remodeling and scission [3-5]. Recruitment of ESCRT-I/II complexes to the midbody of telophase cells initiates ESCRT-III assembly into two rings, which subsequently expand into helices and spirals that narrow down to the incipient site of abscission [6-8]. ESCRT-III assembly is highly dynamic and spatiotemporally ordered, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report that, after cleavage furrow closure, septins form a membrane-bound double ring that controls the organization and function of ESCRT-III. The septin double ring demarcates the sites of ESCRT-III assembly into rings and disassembles before ESCRT-III rings expand into helices and spirals. We show that septin 9 (SEPT9) depletion, which abrogates abscission, impairs recruitment of VPS25 (ESCRT-II) and CHMP6 (ESCRT-III). Strikingly, ESCRT-III subunits (CHMP4B and CHMP2A/B) accumulate to the midbody, but they are highly disorganized, failing to form symmetric rings and to expand laterally into the cone-shaped helices and spirals of abscission. We found that SEPT9 interacts directly with the ubiquitin E2 variant (UEV) domain of ESCRT-I protein TSG101 through two N-terminal PTAP motifs, which are required for the recruitment of VPS25 and CHMP6, and the spatial organization of ESCRT-III (CHMP4B and CHMP2B) into functional rings. These results reveal that septins function in the ESCRT-I-ESCRT-II-CHMP6 pathway of ESCRT-III assembly and provide a framework for the spatiotemporal control of the ESCRT machinery of cytokinetic abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva P Karasmanis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Hwang
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R Bowen
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dimitrios Angelis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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49
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Maity S, Caillat C, Miguet N, Sulbaran G, Effantin G, Schoehn G, Roos WH, Weissenhorn W. VPS4 triggers constriction and cleavage of ESCRT-III helical filaments. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7198. [PMID: 30989108 PMCID: PMC6457934 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular processes such as endosomal vesicle budding, virus budding, and cytokinesis require extensive membrane remodeling by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III). ESCRT-III protein family members form spirals with variable diameters in vitro and in vivo inside tubular membrane structures, which need to be constricted to proceed to membrane fission. Here, we show, using high-speed atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy, that the AAA-type adenosine triphosphatase VPS4 constricts and cleaves ESCRT-III CHMP2A-CHMP3 helical filaments in vitro. Constriction starts asymmetrically and progressively decreases the diameter of CHMP2A-CHMP3 tubular structure, thereby coiling up the CHMP2A-CHMP3 filaments into dome-like end caps. Our results demonstrate that VPS4 actively constricts ESCRT-III filaments and cleaves them before their complete disassembly. We propose that the formation of ESCRT-III dome-like end caps by VPS4 within a membrane neck structure constricts the membrane to set the stage for membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Maity
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christophe Caillat
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nolwenn Miguet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guidenn Sulbaran
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gregory Effantin
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Wouter H. Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Corresponding author. (W.H.R.); (W.W.)
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Corresponding author. (W.H.R.); (W.W.)
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50
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The role of VPS4 in ESCRT-III polymer remodeling. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:441-448. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) and VPS4 catalyze a variety of membrane-remodeling processes in eukaryotes and archaea. Common to these processes is the dynamic recruitment of ESCRT-III proteins from the cytosol to the inner face of a membrane neck structure, their activation and filament formation inside or at the membrane neck and the subsequent or concomitant recruitment of the AAA-type ATPase VPS4. The dynamic assembly of ESCRT-III filaments and VPS4 on cellular membranes induces constriction of membrane necks with large diameters such as the cytokinetic midbody and necks with small diameters such as those of intraluminal vesicles or enveloped viruses. The two processes seem to use different sets of ESCRT-III filaments. Constriction is then thought to set the stage for membrane fission. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the structural transitions of ESCRT-III proteins required for filament formation, the functional role of VPS4 in dynamic ESCRT-III assembly and its active role in filament constriction. The recent data will be discussed in the context of different mechanistic models for inside-out membrane fission.
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