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Shao W, Wang Y, Fang Q, Shi W, Qi H. Epigenetic recording of stimulation history reveals BLIMP1-BACH2 balance in determining memory B cell fate upon recall challenge. Nat Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41590-024-01900-2. [PMID: 38969872 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) differentiate into plasma cells (PCs) or germinal centers (GCs) upon antigen recall. How this decision is programmed is not understood. We found that the relative strength between two antagonistic transcription factors, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) and BTB domain and CNC homolog 2 (BACH2), progressively increases in favor of BLIMP1 in antigen-responding B cells through the course of primary responses. MBC subsets that preferentially produce secondary GCs expressed comparatively higher BACH2 but lower BLIMP1 than those predisposed for PC development. Skewing the BLIMP1-BACH2 balance in otherwise fate-predisposed MBC subsets could switch their fate preferences. Underlying the changing BLIMP1-over-BACH2 balance, we observed progressively increased accessibilities at chromatin loci that are specifically opened in PCs, particularly those that contain interferon-sensitive response elements (ISREs) and are controlled by interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). IRF4 is upregulated by B cell receptor, CD40 or innate receptor signaling and it induces graded levels of PC-specifying epigenetic imprints according to the strength of stimulation. By analyzing history-stamped GC B cells, we found progressively increased chromatin accessibilities at PC-specific, IRF4-controlled gene loci over time. Therefore, the cumulative stimulation history of B cells is epigenetically recorded in an IRF4-dependent manner, determines the relative strength between BLIMP1 and BACH2 in individual MBCs and dictates their probabilities to develop into GCs or PCs upon restimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Beijing, China.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Beijing, China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Peng P, Chavel C, Liu W, Carlson LM, Cao S, Utley A, Olejniczak SH, Lee KP. Pro-survival signaling regulates lipophagy essential for multiple myeloma resistance to stress-induced death. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114445. [PMID: 38968073 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pro-survival metabolic adaptations to stress in tumorigenesis remain less well defined. We find that multiple myeloma (MM) is unexpectedly dependent on beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) for survival under both basal and stress conditions. However, under stress conditions, a second pro-survival signal is required to sustain FA oxidation (FAO). We previously found that CD28 is expressed on MM cells and transduces a significant pro-survival/chemotherapy resistance signal. We now find that CD28 signaling regulates autophagy/lipophagy that involves activation of the Ca2+→AMPK→ULK1 axis and regulates the translation of ATG5 through HuR, resulting in sustained lipophagy, increased FAO, and enhanced MM survival. Conversely, blocking autophagy/lipophagy sensitizes MM to chemotherapy in vivo. Our findings link a pro-survival signal to FA availability needed to sustain the FAO required for cancer cell survival under stress conditions and identify lipophagy as a therapeutic target to overcome treatment resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Colin Chavel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Louise M Carlson
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sha Cao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adam Utley
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Scott H Olejniczak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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3
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Peeters R, Jellusova J. Lipid metabolism in B cell biology. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1795-1813. [PMID: 38013654 PMCID: PMC11223608 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of immunometabolism has solidified its position as a prominent area of investigation within the realm of immunological research. An expanding body of scientific literature has unveiled the intricate interplay between energy homeostasis, signalling molecules, and metabolites in relation to fundamental aspects of our immune cells. It is now widely accepted that disruptions in metabolic equilibrium can give rise to a myriad of pathological conditions, ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer. Emerging evidence, although sometimes fragmented and anecdotal, has highlighted the indispensable role of lipids in modulating the behaviour of immune cells, including B cells. In light of these findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding lipid metabolism in the context of B cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens Peeters
- School of Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and PathobiochemistryTechnical University of MunichGermany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichGermany
| | - Julia Jellusova
- School of Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and PathobiochemistryTechnical University of MunichGermany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichGermany
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4
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Gao J, Zhang P, Nie X, Tang M, Yuan Y, He L, Wang X, Ma J, Li L. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of plasma predicts immune-related adverse events in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. iScience 2024; 27:109946. [PMID: 38827402 PMCID: PMC11141140 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors is compromised by the fact of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially for older patients. To identify predictive biomarkers for older patients with irAEs, we used multiplex immunoassay and flow cytometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to test immune factors and plasma protein and metabolites levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The results showed that older patients with irAEs displayed lower CD28, CD4+ T cell, and B cell and higher interleukin (IL)-10 and CCL2 levels at baseline. Besides, lower aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B (ALDOB), higher ST6GAL1, and lower lactate/pyruvate ratio at baseline were found in older patients with irAEs. Based on metabolomic markers, predictive models were developed to distinguish patients with grade 2-4 irAEs from grade 0-1 (Area under curve, AUC = 0.831) and to distinguish patients with grade 3-4 irAEs from grade 2 (AUC = 1). Our results confirmed the predictive value of plasma metabolites for irAEs in older patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Gao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
- Graduate School Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Liuer He
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Junling Ma
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
- Graduate School Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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5
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Jing Z, Galbo P, Ovando L, Demouth M, Welte S, Park R, Chandran K, Wu Y, MacCarthy T, Zheng D, Fooksman D. Fine-tuning spatial-temporal dynamics and surface receptor expression support plasma cell-intrinsic longevity. eLife 2024; 12:RP89712. [PMID: 38896451 PMCID: PMC11186632 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Durable serological memory following vaccination is critically dependent on the production and survival of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). Yet, the factors that control LLPC specification and survival remain poorly resolved. Using intravital two-photon imaging, we find that in contrast to most plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM), LLPCs are uniquely sessile and organized into clusters that are dependent on APRIL, an important survival factor. Using deep, bulk RNA sequencing, and surface protein flow-based phenotyping, we find that LLPCs express a unique transcriptome and phenotype compared to bulk PCs, fine-tuning expression of key cell surface molecules, CD93, CD81, CXCR4, CD326, CD44, and CD48, important for adhesion and homing. Conditional deletion of Cxcr4 in PCs following immunization leads to rapid mobilization from the BM, reduced survival of antigen-specific PCs, and ultimately accelerated decay of antibody titer. In naïve mice, the endogenous LLPCs BCR repertoire exhibits reduced diversity, reduced somatic mutations, and increased public clones and IgM isotypes, particularly in young mice, suggesting LLPC specification is non-random. As mice age, the BM PC compartment becomes enriched in LLPCs, which may outcompete and limit entry of new PCs into the LLPC niche and pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Jing
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Phillip Galbo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Luis Ovando
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Megan Demouth
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Skylar Welte
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Rosa Park
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Yinghao Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
- Department of System and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Thomas MacCarthy
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookUnited States
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
- Department of System and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - David Fooksman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
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6
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Lieberman MM, Tong JH, Odukwe NU, Chavel CA, Purdon TJ, Burchett R, Gillard BM, Brackett CM, McGray AJR, Bramson JL, Brentjens RJ, Lee KP, Olejniczak SH. Endogenous CD28 drives CAR T cell responses in multiple myeloma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586084. [PMID: 38562904 PMCID: PMC10983979 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent FDA approvals of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) have reshaped the therapeutic landscape for this incurable cancer. In pivotal clinical trials B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) targeted, 4-1BB co-stimulated (BBζ) CAR T cells dramatically outperformed standard-of-care chemotherapy, yet most patients experienced MM relapse within two years of therapy, underscoring the need to improve CAR T cell efficacy in MM. We set out to determine if inhibition of MM bone marrow microenvironment (BME) survival signaling could increase sensitivity to CAR T cells. In contrast to expectations, blocking the CD28 MM survival signal with abatacept (CTLA4-Ig) accelerated disease relapse following CAR T therapy in preclinical models, potentially due to blocking CD28 signaling in CAR T cells. Knockout studies confirmed that endogenous CD28 expressed on BBζ CAR T cells drove in vivo anti-MM activity. Mechanistically, CD28 reprogrammed mitochondrial metabolism to maintain redox balance and CAR T cell proliferation in the MM BME. Transient CD28 inhibition with abatacept restrained rapid BBζ CAR T cell expansion and limited inflammatory cytokines in the MM BME without significantly affecting long-term survival of treated mice. Overall, data directly demonstrate a need for CD28 signaling for sustained in vivo function of CAR T cells and indicate that transient CD28 blockade could reduce cytokine release and associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie M. Lieberman
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jason H. Tong
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Nkechi U. Odukwe
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Colin A. Chavel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Terence J. Purdon
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Rebecca Burchett
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan M. Gillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Craig M. Brackett
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - A. J. Robert McGray
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Bramson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Renier J. Brentjens
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kelvin P. Lee
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Scott H. Olejniczak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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7
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Jing Z, Galbo P, Ovando L, Demouth M, Welte S, Park R, Chandran K, Wu Y, MacCarthy T, Zheng D, Fooksman D. Fine-tuning spatial-temporal dynamics and surface receptor expression support plasma cell-intrinsic longevity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.15.527913. [PMID: 36891288 PMCID: PMC9994177 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.527913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Durable serological memory following vaccination is critically dependent on the production and survival of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). Yet, the factors that control LLPC specification and survival remain poorly resolved. Using intra-vital two-photon imaging, we find that in contrast to most plasma cells in the bone marrow, LLPCs are uniquely sessile and organized into clusters that are dependent on April, an important survival factor. Using deep, bulk RNA sequencing, and surface protein flow-based phenotyping, we find that LLPCs express a unique transcriptome and proteome compared to bulk PCs, fine tuning expression of key cell surface molecules, CD93, CD81, CXCR4, CD326, CD44 and CD48, important for adhesion and homing, and phenotypically label LLPCs within mature PC pool. Conditional deletion of Cxcr4 in PCs following immunization leads to rapid mobilization from the BM, reduced survival of antigen-specific PCs, and ultimately accelerated decay of antibody titer. In naive mice, the endogenous LLPCs BCR repertoire exhibits reduced diversity, reduced somatic mutations, and increased public clones and IgM isotypes, particularly in young mice, suggesting LLPC specification is non-random. As mice age, the BM PC compartment becomes enriched in LLPCs, which may outcompete and limit entry of new PC into the LLPC niche and pool.
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8
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Holling GA, Chavel CA, Sharda AP, Lieberman MM, James CM, Lightman SM, Tong JH, Qiao G, Emmons TR, Giridharan T, Hou S, Intlekofer AM, Higashi RM, Fan TWM, Lane AN, Eng KH, Segal BH, Repasky EA, Lee KP, Olejniczak SH. CD8+ T cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axis-driven alternative splicing of PKM supports antitumor immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:260-274. [PMID: 38233562 PMCID: PMC10902291 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility has emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+ T-cell antitumor activity, yet the mechanisms driving the metabolic flexibility of T cells have not been determined. In this study, we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) adaptor protein ARS2 on mature T cells. In doing so, we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+ T cells with flexibility of glucose catabolism. ARS2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mRNAs and affected approximately one-third of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing events. Among these effects, the CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed the expression of the M1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKM2, a key determinant of CD8+ T-cell glucose utilization, interferon gamma production, and antitumor effector function. Importantly, PKM alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation, revealing a novel means by which costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aaron Holling
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Colin A Chavel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Anand P Sharda
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Mackenzie M Lieberman
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Caitlin M James
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Shivana M Lightman
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jason H Tong
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Guanxi Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tiffany R Emmons
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thejaswini Giridharan
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Shengqi Hou
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew M Intlekofer
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Teresa W M Fan
- Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Kevin H Eng
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Scott H Olejniczak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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9
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Roy K, Chakraborty M, Kumar A, Manna AK, Roy NS. The NFκB signaling system in the generation of B-cell subsets: from germinal center B cells to memory B cells and plasma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185597. [PMID: 38169968 PMCID: PMC10758606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells are the two prime effector B cell populations that drive infection- and vaccine-induced long-term antibody-mediated immunity. The antibody-mediated immunity mostly relies on the formation of specialized structures within secondary lymphoid organs, called germinal centers (GCs), that facilitate the interactions between B cells, T cells, and antigen-presenting cells. Antigen-activated B cells may proliferate and differentiate into GC-independent plasmablasts and memory B cells or differentiate into GC B cells. The GC B cells undergo proliferation coupled to somatic hypermutation of their immunoglobulin genes for antibody affinity maturation. Subsequently, affinity mature GC B cells differentiate into GC-dependent plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we review how the NFκB signaling system controls B cell proliferation and the generation of GC B cells, plasmablasts/plasma cells, and memory B cells. We also identify and discuss some important unanswered questions in this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- Division of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Asit Kumar Manna
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Neeladri Sekhar Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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10
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Sawada K, Chung H, Softic S, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Divanovic S. The bidirectional immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1852-1871. [PMID: 37939656 PMCID: PMC10680147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an unabated risk factor for end-stage liver diseases with no available therapies. Dysregulated immune responses are critical culprits of MASLD pathogenesis. Independent contributions from either the innate or adaptive arms of the immune system or their unidirectional interplay are commonly studied in MASLD. However, the bidirectional communication between innate and adaptive immune systems and its impact on MASLD remain insufficiently understood. Given that both innate and adaptive immune cells are indispensable for the development and progression of inflammation in MASLD, elucidating pathogenic contributions stemming from the bidirectional interplay between these two arms holds potential for development of novel therapeutics for MASLD. Here, we review the immune cell types and bidirectional pathways that influence the pathogenesis of MASLD and highlight potential pharmacologic approaches to combat MASLD based on current knowledge of this bidirectional crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Hak Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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11
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Humblin E, Korpas I, Lu J, Filipescu D, van der Heide V, Goldstein S, Vaidya A, Soares-Schanoski A, Casati B, Selvan ME, Gümüş ZH, Wieland A, Corrado M, Cohen-Gould L, Bernstein E, Homann D, Chipuk J, Kamphorst AO. Sustained CD28 costimulation is required for self-renewal and differentiation of TCF-1 + PD-1 + CD8 T cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg0878. [PMID: 37624910 PMCID: PMC10805182 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
During persistent antigen stimulation, such as in chronic infections and cancer, CD8 T cells differentiate into a hypofunctional programmed death protein 1-positive (PD-1+) exhausted state. Exhausted CD8 T cell responses are maintained by precursors (Tpex) that express the transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) and high levels of the costimulatory molecule CD28. Here, we demonstrate that sustained CD28 costimulation is required for maintenance of antiviral T cells during chronic infection. Low-level CD28 engagement preserved mitochondrial fitness and self-renewal of Tpex, whereas stronger CD28 signaling enhanced glycolysis and promoted Tpex differentiation into TCF-1neg exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex). Furthermore, enhanced differentiation by CD28 engagement did not reduce the Tpex pool. Together, these findings demonstrate that continuous CD28 engagement is needed to sustain PD-1+ CD8 T cells and suggest that increasing CD28 signaling promotes Tpex differentiation into more functional effector-like Tex, possibly without compromising long-term responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Humblin
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Isabel Korpas
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiahua Lu
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan Filipescu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Verena van der Heide
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simon Goldstein
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Abishek Vaidya
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alessandra Soares-Schanoski
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Beatrice Casati
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Zeynep H. Gümüş
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, OSUCCC – James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC) and Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Leona Cohen-Gould
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jerry Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alice O. Kamphorst
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
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12
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Gordon-Lipkin EM, Banerjee P, Franco JLM, Tarasenko T, Kruk S, Thompson E, Gildea DE, Zhang S, Wolfsberg TG, Flegel WA, McGuire PJ. Primary oxidative phosphorylation defects lead to perturbations in the human B cell repertoire. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142634. [PMID: 37483601 PMCID: PMC10361569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The majority of studies on oxidative phosphorylation in immune cells have been performed in mouse models, necessitating human translation. To understand the impact of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency on human immunity, we studied children with primary mitochondrial disease (MtD). Methods scRNAseq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed on matched children with MtD (N = 4) and controls (N = 4). To define B cell function we performed phage display immunoprecipitation sequencing on a cohort of children with MtD (N = 19) and controls (N = 16). Results Via scRNAseq, we found marked reductions in select populations involved in the humoral immune response, especially antigen presenting cells, B cell and plasma populations, with sparing of T cell populations. MTRNR2L8, a marker of bioenergetic stress, was significantly elevated in populations that were most depleted. mir4485, a miRNA contained in the intron of MTRNR2L8, was co-expressed. Knockdown studies of mir4485 demonstrated its role in promoting survival by modulating apoptosis. To determine the functional consequences of our findings on humoral immunity, we studied the antiviral antibody repertoire in children with MtD and controls using phage display and immunoprecipitation sequencing. Despite similar viral exposomes, MtD displayed antiviral antibodies with less robust fold changes and limited polyclonality. Discussion Overall, we show that children with MtD display perturbations in the B cell repertoire which may impact humoral immunity and the ability to clear viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza M. Gordon-Lipkin
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Payal Banerjee
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jose Luis Marin Franco
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tatiana Tarasenko
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shannon Kruk
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Derek E. Gildea
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Suiyuan Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tyra G. Wolfsberg
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Willy A. Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peter J. McGuire
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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13
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Cruz-Morales E, Hart AP, Fossett GM, Laufer TM. Helios + and RORγt + Treg populations are differentially regulated by MHCII, CD28, and ICOS to shape the intestinal Treg pool. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:264-274. [PMID: 36935092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for intestinal homeostasis. Tregs in the small intestine include Helios+ thymus-derived Tregs (tTregs) and RORγt+ Tregs that differentiate in the periphery after antigenic stimulation (pTregs). TCR and costimulatory signals sustain Tregs with effector phenotypes, including those in the intestine, but it is unknown if tTregs and pTregs have similar requirements for these pathways. We previously used mice lacking peripheral expression of MHCII to demonstrate that the small intestine sustains tTregs independently of peripheral antigen. Here, we show that the effector phenotype and tissue-resident signature of tTregs are also MHCII-independent. Using this model, we define the distinct costimulatory requirements of intestinal tTregs and pTregs. Helios+ effector tTregs proliferate through CD28 and require neither ICOS nor MHCII for maintenance. In contrast, RORγt+ pTregs use CD28 and ICOS. Notably, the differential costimulatory utilization allows tTregs and pTregs to dynamically respond to perturbations to support a fixed number of intestinal Tregs. This suggests that the environmental regulation of costimulatory ligands might shape the subpopulations of intestinal Tregs and promote effective homeostasis and defense. Our data reveal new complexity in effector Treg biology and costimulatory signaling of tTregs and pTregs and highlight the importance of analyzing both subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cruz-Morales
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Andrew P Hart
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Georgia M Fossett
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Terri M Laufer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael C. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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14
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Niu N, Ye J, Hu Z, Zhang J, Wang Y. Regulative Roles of Metabolic Plasticity Caused by Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Glycolysis on the Initiation and Progression of Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087076. [PMID: 37108242 PMCID: PMC10139088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One important feature of tumour development is the regulatory role of metabolic plasticity in maintaining the balance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in cancer cells. In recent years, the transition and/or function of metabolic phenotypes between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in tumour cells have been extensively studied. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the characteristics of metabolic plasticity (emphasizing their effects, such as immune escape, angiogenesis migration, invasiveness, heterogeneity, adhesion, and phenotypic properties of cancers, among others) on tumour progression, including the initiation and progression phases. Thus, this article provides an overall understanding of the influence of abnormal metabolic remodeling on malignant proliferation and pathophysiological changes in carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Niu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Canghai Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinfeng Ye
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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15
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Kabat AM, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ. Metabolism in type 2 immune responses. Immunity 2023; 56:723-741. [PMID: 37044062 PMCID: PMC10938369 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune response is tailored to the environment in which it takes place. Immune cells sense and adapt to changes in their surroundings, and it is now appreciated that in addition to cytokines made by stromal and epithelial cells, metabolic cues provide key adaptation signals. Changes in immune cell activation states are linked to changes in cellular metabolism that support function. Furthermore, metabolites themselves can signal between as well as within cells. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of how metabolic regulation relates to type 2 immunity firstly by considering specifics of metabolism within type 2 immune cells and secondly by stressing how type 2 immune cells are integrated more broadly into the metabolism of the organism as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Kabat
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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16
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Strzelec M, Detka J, Mieszczak P, Sobocińska MK, Majka M. Immunomodulation—a general review of the current state-of-the-art and new therapeutic strategies for targeting the immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127704. [PMID: 36969193 PMCID: PMC10033545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a tremendous development of biotechnological, pharmacological, and medical techniques which can be implemented in the functional modulation of the immune system components. Immunomodulation has attracted much attention because it offers direct applications in both basic research and clinical therapy. Modulation of a non-adequate, amplified immune response enables to attenuate the clinical course of a disease and restore homeostasis. The potential targets to modulate immunity are as multiple as the components of the immune system, thus creating various possibilities for intervention. However, immunomodulation faces new challenges to design safer and more efficacious therapeutic compounds. This review offers a cross-sectional picture of the currently used and newest pharmacological interventions, genomic editing, and tools for regenerative medicine involving immunomodulation. We reviewed currently available experimental and clinical evidence to prove the efficiency, safety, and feasibility of immunomodulation in vitro and in vivo. We also reviewed the advantages and limitations of the described techniques. Despite its limitations, immunomodulation is considered as therapy itself or as an adjunct with promising results and developing potential.
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17
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The cellular biology of plasma cells: Unmet challenges and opportunities. Immunol Lett 2023; 254:6-12. [PMID: 36646289 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells and the antibodies they secrete are paramount for protection against infection but can also be implicated in diseases including autoantibody-mediated disease and multiple myeloma. Plasma cell terminal differentiation relies on a transcriptional switch and on important morphological changes. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are partly understood and how plasma cells manage to survive for long periods of time while secreting large quantities of antibodies remains unclear. In this review we aim to put in perspective what is known about plasma cell cellular biology to highlight the challenges faced by this field of research but also to illustrate how new opportunities may arise from the study of the fundamental mechanisms sustaining plasma cell survival and function.
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18
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Ulbricht C, Cao Y, Niesner RA, Hauser AE. In good times and in bad: How plasma cells resolve stress for a life-long union with the bone marrow. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112922. [PMID: 37033993 PMCID: PMC10080396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Ulbricht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca A. Niesner
- Biophysical Analysis, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja E. Hauser,
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19
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Single cell multi-omic reference atlases of non-human primate immune tissues reveals CD102 as a biomarker for long-lived plasma cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1399. [PMID: 36543997 PMCID: PMC9770566 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection or immunization, antibodies are produced that provide protection against re-exposure with the same pathogen. These antibodies can persist at high titers for decades and are maintained by bone marrow-resident long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). However, the durability of antibody responses to immunization varies amongst vaccines. It is unknown what factors contribute to the differential longevity of serum antibody responses and whether heterogeneity in LLPC contributes to this phenomenon. While LLPC differentiation has been studied extensively in mice, little is known about this population in humans or non-human primates (NHP). Here, we use multi-omic single-cell profiling to identify and characterize the LLPC compartment in NHP. We identify LLPC biomarkers including the marker CD102 and show that CD102 in combination with CD31 identifies LLPC in NHP bone marrow. Additionally, we find that CD102 is expressed by LLPC in mouse and humans. These results further our understanding of the LLPC compartment in NHP, identify biomarkers of LLPC, and provide tissue-specific single cell references for future studies.
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20
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Chong AS, Habal MV. From bench to bedside: reversing established antibody responses and desensitization. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:376-384. [PMID: 35950890 PMCID: PMC9474614 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Basic transplant immunology has primarily focused on the definition of mechanisms, but an often-stated aspirational goal is to translate basic mechanistic research into future therapy. Pretransplant donor-specific antibodies (DSA) mediate hyperacute as well as early antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), whereas DSA developing late posttransplantation may additionally mediate chronic rejection. Although contemporary immunosuppression effectively prevents early cellular rejection after transplant in nonsensitized patients, it is less effective at controlling preexisting HLA antibody responses or reversing DSA once established, thus underscoring a need for better therapies. RECENT FINDINGS We here review the development of a bench-to-bedside approach involving transient proteasome inhibition to deplete plasma cells, combined with maintenance co-stimulation blockade, with CTLA-4Ig or belatacept, to prevent the generation of new antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). SUMMARY This review discusses how this treatment regimen, which was rationally designed and validated to reverse established DSA responses in mouse models, translated into reversing active AMR in the clinic, as well as desensitizing highly sensitized patients on the transplant waitlist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marlena V. Habal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Aaron TS, Fooksman DR. Dynamic organization of the bone marrow plasma cell niche. FEBS J 2022; 289:4228-4239. [PMID: 35114061 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prophylactic, serological memory relies on maintaining stable reservoirs of plasma cells, capable of constitutively-secreting high-affinity, anti-pathogen antibody for a lifetime. Although antibody titers generated by some vaccines (e.g. measles) can last a lifetime, other vaccinations (e.g. tetanus) need repeated boosting because long-lived plasma cells are not produced or maintained. Moreover, in old age, the ability to generate long-lived humoral responses diminishes. Despite their importance to health, it is unknown how long-lived plasma cells survive over years, whereas most antibody secreting cells die off within weeks after vaccination. In this review, we focus on how known factors regulate the longevity of plasma cell fitness and survival, and how that landscape is shaped by environmental influences, such as inflammation, infection and aging. In addition, we highlight newly discovered cellular dynamics in the bone marrow that may reframe the mechanisms supporting long-lived plasma cell survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya S Aaron
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David R Fooksman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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22
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Involvement of MicroRNA-27a-3p in the Licorice-Induced Alteration of Cd28 Expression in Mice. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071143. [PMID: 35885926 PMCID: PMC9317804 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Licorice has previously been shown to affect gene expression in cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. We analyzed the microRNA expression profile of serum from mice treated by gavage with licorice decoction, and obtained 11 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs). We also screened differentially expressed genes (DEgenes) based on RNA-Seq data, and 271 common genes were identified by intersection analysis of the predicted target genes of 11 DEmiRNAs and the DEgenes. The miRNA–gene network showed that most of the hub genes were immune-related. KEGG enrichment analysis of the 271 genes identified three significant pathways, and the 21 genes involved in these three pathways, and the 11 DEmiRNAs, were constructed into a miRNA pathway–target gene network, in which mmu-miR-27a-3p stood out. Compared to ImmPort, there were 13 immune genes within the above group of 21 genes, and three intersected with the mmu-miR-27a-3p predicted target genes, Cd28, Grap2 and Cxcl12, of which the expression of Cd28 changed most significantly. We confirmed the regulation of Cd28 by mmu-miR-27a-3p using a dual-luciferase assay, and further confirmed that overexpression of mmu-miR-27a-3p could significantly downregulate the expression of Cd28 in lymphocytes. These results indicate that mmu-miR-27a-3p could be involved in the licorice-mediated regulation of the expression of Cd28 in mice.
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23
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Enhanced oxidative phosphorylation of IgG plasma cells can contribute to hypoxia in the mucosa of active ulcerative colitis. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:335-344. [PMID: 35716204 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal hypoxia is detected in the mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC), however the mechanism and the cause of hypoxia is not fully understood, while a dense infiltration of plasma cells is observed in the inflamed mucosa of UC. When differentiating from a B cell to a plasma cell, the energy metabolism dramatically shifts from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which results in a large amount of oxygen consumption of the plasma cell. We hypothesized that the plasma cell infiltration into the inflamed mucosa contributes to the mucosal hypoxia in UC in part. We examined the association between mucosal hypoxia and plasma cell infiltration in UC. More IgG plasma cells (but not IgA plasma cells) were distributed, and the nuclear and cell sizes were enlarged in hypoxic mucosa compared to normoxic mucosa in UC. Oxidative phosphorylation signature genes of these IgG plasma cells were markedly upregulated compared to those of other lymphoid cells infiltrating the lamina propria of inflamed mucosa of UC. Enlarged IgG plasma cells, which increase in number in the inflamed mucosa of UC, can be related to the hypoxic state of the inflamed mucosa of UC.
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24
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Bhattacharya D. Instructing durable humoral immunity for COVID-19 and other vaccinable diseases. Immunity 2022; 55:945-964. [PMID: 35637104 PMCID: PMC9085459 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 have fully conformed with the principles established by decades of viral immunology research, ultimately leading to the crowning achievement of highly effective COVID-19 vaccines. Nonetheless, the pandemic has also exposed areas where our fundamental knowledge is thinner. Some key unknowns are the duration of humoral immunity post-primary infection or vaccination and how long booster shots confer protection. As a corollary, if protection does not last as long as desired, what are some ways it can be improved? Here, I discuss lessons from other infections and vaccines that point to several key features that influence durable antibody production and the perseverance of immunity. These include (1) the specific innate sensors that are initially triggered, (2) the kinetics of antigen delivery and persistence, (3) the starting B cell receptor (BCR) avidity and antigen valency, and (4) the memory B cell subsets that are recalled by boosters. I further highlight the fundamental B cell-intrinsic and B cell-extrinsic pathways that, if understood better, would provide a rational framework for vaccines to reliably provide durable immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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25
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Villanueva-Hernández S, Adib Razavi M, van Dongen KA, Stadler M, de Luca K, Beyersdorf N, Saalmüller A, Gerner W, Mair KH. Co-Expression of the B-Cell Key Transcription Factors Blimp-1 and IRF4 Identifies Plasma Cells in the Pig. Front Immunol 2022; 13:854257. [PMID: 35464468 PMCID: PMC9024106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs) have remained largely uncharacterized for years in the field of porcine immunology. For an in-depth study of porcine PCs, we identified cross-reactive antibodies against three key transcription factors: PR domain zinc finger protein-1 (Blimp-1), interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), and paired box 5 (Pax5). A distinct Blimp-1+IRF4+ cell population was found in cells isolated from blood, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and lung of healthy pigs. These cells showed a downregulation of Pax5 compared to other B cells. Within Blimp-1+IRF4+ B cells, IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-expressing cells were identified and immunoglobulin-class distribution was clearly different between the anatomical locations, with IgA+ PCs dominating in lung tissue and IgM+ PCs dominating in the spleen. Expression patterns of Ki-67, MHC-II, CD9, and CD28 were investigated in the different organs. A high expression of Ki-67 was observed in blood, suggesting a plasmablast stage. Blimp-1+IRF4+ cells showed an overall lower expression of MHC-II compared to regular B cells, confirming a progressive loss in B-cell differentiation toward the PC stage. CD28 showed slightly elevated expression levels in Blimp-1+IRF4+ cells in most organs, a phenotype that is also described for PCs in mice and humans. This was not seen for CD9. We further developed a FACS-sorting strategy for live porcine PCs for functional assays. CD3-CD16-CD172a– sorted cells with a CD49dhighFSC-Ahigh phenotype contained Blimp-1+IRF4+ cells and were capable of spontaneous IgG production, thus confirming PC identity. These results reveal fundamental phenotypes of porcine PCs and will facilitate the study of this specific B-cell subset in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Villanueva-Hernández
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mahsa Adib Razavi
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katinka A. van Dongen
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karelle de Luca
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Lyon, France
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin H. Mair
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Kerstin H. Mair,
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Ma Y, Chen G, Yi J, Li Q, Tan Z, Fan W, Luo X, He Z, Si Z, Li J. IRX3 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease by regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:895593. [PMID: 35957832 PMCID: PMC9360787 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.895593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects approximately a quarter of the global population. Identification of the key genes and pathways involved in hepatic lipid metabolism is of the utmost importance for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of MAFLD. In this study, differentially expressed genes were identified through whole-genome transcriptional analysis of liver tissue from MAFLD patients and healthy controls, and a series of lipid metabolism-related molecules and pathways were obtained through pathway analysis. Subsequently, we focused on Iroquois homeobox protein 3 (IRX3), one of 13 transcription factors that were screened from the 331 differentially expressed genes. The transcription factor IRX3 was significantly decreased in the liver tissue of patients with MAFLD when compared with healthy controls. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of IRX3 in liver tissue were negatively correlated with serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and uric acid levels. The overexpression and interference of IRX3 induced the increased and decreased lipid droplet accumulation in vitro, respectively. Moreover, interference of IRX3 expression increased mitochondrial fragmentation and reduced the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV. In summary, the study demonstrated that IRX3 regulated hepatic lipid metabolism of MAFLD, and also revealed the effect of IRX3 on mitochondria might be an important mechanism by which IRX3 regulated hepatic lipid metabolism of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Liver Transplant, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangshun Chen
- Department of Liver Transplant, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Transplant Medical Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junfang Yi
- Department of Liver Transplant, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Liver Transplant, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Transplant Medical Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Wenling Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Liver Transplant, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- Department of Liver Transplant, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongzhou Si
- Department of Liver Transplant, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Transplant Medical Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiequn Li
- Department of Liver Transplant, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Transplant Medical Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jiequn Li,
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Lightman SM, Peresie JL, Carlson LM, Holling GA, Honikel MM, Chavel CA, Nemeth MJ, Olejniczak SH, Lee KP. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 is essential for sustaining durable antibody responses. Immunity 2021; 54:2772-2783.e5. [PMID: 34788602 PMCID: PMC9323746 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immunity is essential for protection against pathogens, emphasized by the prevention of 2-3 million deaths worldwide annually by childhood immunizations. Long-term protective immunity is dependent on the continual production of neutralizing antibodies by the subset of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). LLPCs are not intrinsically long-lived, but require interaction with LLPC niche stromal cells for survival. However, it remains unclear which and how these interactions sustain LLPC survival and long-term humoral immunity. We now have found that the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is required to sustain antibody responses and LLPC survival. Activation of IDO1 occurs upon the engagement of CD80/CD86 on the niche dendritic cells by CD28 on LLPC. Kynurenine, the product of IDO1 catabolism, activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in LLPC, reinforcing CD28 expression and survival signaling. These findings expand the immune function of IDO1 and uncover a novel pathway for sustaining LLPC survival and humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivana M. Lightman
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Peresie
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Louise M. Carlson
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - G. Aaron Holling
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | | | - Colin A. Chavel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Michael J Nemeth
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Scott H. Olejniczak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kelvin P. Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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28
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Nguyen DC, Duan M, Ali M, Ley A, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Plasma cell survival: The intrinsic drivers, migratory signals, and extrinsic regulators. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:138-153. [PMID: 34337772 PMCID: PMC8387437 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are the effectors of protective humoral immunity and the only cell type that produces antibodies or immunoglobulins in mammals. In addition to their formidable capacity to secrete massive quantities of proteins, ASC are terminally differentiated and have unique features to become long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Upon antigen encounter, B cells are activated through a complex multistep process to undergo fundamental morphological, subcellular, and molecular transformation to become an efficient protein factory with lifelong potential. The ASC survival potential is determined by factors at the time of induction, capacity to migration from induction to survival sites, and ability to mature in the specialized bone marrow microenvironments. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in identifying factors regulating ASC longevity. Here, we review the intrinsic drivers, trafficking signals, and extrinsic regulators with particular focus on how they impact the survival potential to become a LLPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Meixue Duan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ariel Ley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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29
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Metabolic Swifts Govern Normal and Malignant B Cell Lymphopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158269. [PMID: 34361035 PMCID: PMC8347747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are an indispensable part of the human immune system. They are the effective mediators of adaptive immunity and memory. To accomplish specificity against an antigen, and to establish the related immunologic memory, B cells differentiate through a complicated and strenuous training program that is characterized by multiple drastic genomic modifications. In order to avoid malignant transformation, these events are tightly regulated by multiple checkpoints, the vast majority of them involving bioenergetic alterations. Despite this stringent control program, B cell malignancies are amongst the top ten most common worldwide. In an effort to better understand malignant pathobiology, in this review, we summarize the metabolic swifts that govern normal B cell lymphopoiesis. We also review the existent knowledge regarding malignant metabolism as a means to unravel new research goals and/or therapeutic targets.
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30
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Boussag-Abib L, Laraba-Djebari F. Long-term antibody response and protective effect induced by attenuated scorpion toxins: Involvement of memory plasma cells. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152108. [PMID: 34247017 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In Algeria, Androctonus australis hector scorpion envenomation remains a major problem of public health because of non-efficient therapy. The development of safe vaccine against scorpion venom could be one key strategy for the envenomation prevention. The irradiation of venom by γ-rays develops suitable immunogens which produced effective antivenom and safe vaccine. In this study, we investigated the ability of the irradiated toxic fraction (γ-FtoxG50) to induce long-term memory humoral response in immunized animals (mice and rabbits), by involving the long-lived plasma cells to prevent efficiently the lethality of scorpion envenomation. For this purpose, an appropriate immunization schedule was established in mice and rabbits using three (3) similar doses of γ-FtoxG50 associated with Alum adjuvant. Obtained results indicate that the long-term immunogenicity of γ-FtoxG50 is able to induce the long-term memory humoral response with a high level of specific antibodies. The long-term persistence of antibody levels could depend on bone marrow memory plasma cells. These cells produce continuously antibodies without antigen stimulus. Furthermore, an enhanced memory response was obtained post-repeated envenomation with toxic native venom that leads to improved protection of animals. Together, pre-existing protective antibodies and the activation of memory B-cells could induce a rapid neutralization of scorpion toxins and long-term protection against scorpion envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Boussag-Abib
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
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31
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Manakkat Vijay GK, Singh H. Cell fate dynamics and genomic programming of plasma cell precursors. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:62-71. [PMID: 34195999 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the cellular dynamics and genomic programming of plasma cell (PC) precursors that arise during germinal center (GC) B cell responses in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) and give rise to PCs in the bone marrow. Considerable progress has been made in the phenotypic characterization of circulating and bone marrow PC precursors as well as their differentiated short-lived (SLPC) and long-lived (LLPC) counterparts, in the context of model antigen and vaccine responses. Importantly, it has been possible to infer the temporal dynamics of generation of PC precursors during a GC response. However, the nature of the PC precursors at their site of generation in SLOs, and their signaling and genomic states, remain to be elucidated. Our synthesis draws upon experimental studies conducted in murine models as well as in humans, the latter complemented with cell culture manipulations of PCs and their precursors. By integration of the studies in murine and human systems, which are being accelerated by new genomic methodologies, we highlight insights and hypotheses concerning the generation of PCs. This framework can be extended and explored from both fundamental and translational standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godhev K Manakkat Vijay
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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32
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Bae S, Park PSU, Lee Y, Mun SH, Giannopoulou E, Fujii T, Lee KP, Violante SN, Cross JR, Park-Min KH. MYC-mediated early glycolysis negatively regulates proinflammatory responses by controlling IRF4 in inflammatory macrophages. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109264. [PMID: 34133930 PMCID: PMC8257047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC activates different metabolic programs in a cell-type- and cell-status-dependent manner. However, the role of MYC in inflammatory macrophages has not yet been determined. Metabolic and molecular analyses reveal that MYC, but not hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1), is involved in enhancing early glycolytic flux during inflammatory macrophage polarization. Ablation of MYC decreases lactate production by regulating lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and causes increased inflammatory cytokines by regulating interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in response to lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, myeloid-specific deletion of MYC and pharmacological inhibition of the MYC/LDH axis enhance inflammation and the bacterial clearance in vivo. These results elucidate the potential role of the MYC/LDH/IRF4 axis in inflammatory macrophages by connecting early glycolysis with inflammatory responses and suggest that modulating early glycolytic flux mediated by the MYC/LDH axis can be used to open avenues for the therapeutic modulation of macrophage polarization to fight against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Bae
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Sang Uk Park
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yeji Lee
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Se Hwan Mun
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugenia Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Takayuki Fujii
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sara Nunes Violante
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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33
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Trezise S, Nutt SL. The gene regulatory network controlling plasma cell function. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:23-34. [PMID: 34109653 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are an essential element of the immune response to infection, and in long-term protection upon re-exposure to the same micro-organism. Antibodies are produced by plasmablasts and plasma cells, the terminally differentiated cells of the B lymphocyte lineage. These relatively rare populations, collectively termed antibody secreting cells (ASCs), have developed highly specialized transcriptional and metabolic pathways to facilitate their extraordinarily high rates of antibody synthesis and secretion. In this review, we discuss the gene regulatory network that controls ASC identity and function, with a particular focus on the processes that influence the transcription, translation, folding, modification and secretion of antibodies. We will address how ASCs have adapted their transcriptional, metabolic and protein homeostasis pathways to sustain such high rates of antibody production, and the roles that the major ASC regulators, the transcription factors, Irf4, Blimp-1 and Xbp1, play in co-ordinating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Trezise
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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34
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Targeting Multiple Myeloma through the Biology of Long-Lived Plasma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082117. [PMID: 32751699 PMCID: PMC7466116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of terminally differentiated bone marrow (BM) resident B lymphocytes known as plasma cells (PC). PC that reside in the bone marrow include a distinct population of long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) that have the capacity to live for very long periods of time (decades in the human population). LLPC biology is critical for understanding MM disease induction and progression because MM shares many of the same extrinsic and intrinsic survival programs as LLPC. Extrinsic survival signals required for LLPC survival include soluble factors and cellular partners in the bone marrow microenvironment. Intrinsic programs that enhance cellular fidelity are also required for LLPC survival including increased autophagy, metabolic fitness, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and enhanced responsiveness to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Targeting LLPC cell survival mechanisms have led to standard of care treatments for MM including proteasome inhibition (Bortezomib), steroids (Dexamethasone), and immunomodulatory drugs (Lenalidomide). MM patients that relapse often do so by circumventing LLPC survival pathways targeted by treatment. Understanding the mechanisms by which LLPC are able to survive can allow us insight into the treatment of MM, which allows for the enhancement of therapeutic strategies in MM both at diagnosis and upon patient relapse.
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