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Senoo N, Chinthapalli DK, Baile MG, Golla VK, Saha B, Oluwole AO, Ogunbona OB, Saba JA, Munteanu T, Valdez Y, Whited K, Sheridan MS, Chorev D, Alder NN, May ER, Robinson CV, Claypool SM. Functional diversity among cardiolipin binding sites on the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. EMBO J 2024; 43:2979-3008. [PMID: 38839991 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-protein interactions play a multitude of essential roles in membrane homeostasis. Mitochondrial membranes have a unique lipid-protein environment that ensures bioenergetic efficiency. Cardiolipin (CL), the signature mitochondrial lipid, plays multiple roles in promoting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In the inner mitochondrial membrane, the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC in yeast; adenine nucleotide translocator, ANT in mammals) exchanges ADP and ATP, enabling OXPHOS. AAC/ANT contains three tightly bound CLs, and these interactions are evolutionarily conserved. Here, we investigated the role of these buried CLs in AAC/ANT using a combination of biochemical approaches, native mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulations. We introduced negatively charged mutations into each CL-binding site of yeast Aac2 and established experimentally that the mutations disrupted the CL interactions. While all mutations destabilized Aac2 tertiary structure, transport activity was impaired in a binding site-specific manner. Additionally, we determined that a disease-associated missense mutation in one CL-binding site in human ANT1 compromised its structure and transport activity, resulting in OXPHOS defects. Our findings highlight the conserved significance of CL in AAC/ANT structure and function, directly tied to specific lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dinesh K Chinthapalli
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Matthew G Baile
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Vinaya K Golla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Saha
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Abraham O Oluwole
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Oluwaseun B Ogunbona
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - James A Saba
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Teona Munteanu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yllka Valdez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kevin Whited
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Macie S Sheridan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dror Chorev
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Eric R May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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2
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Jiang Z. SLC25A19 is required for NADH homeostasis and mitochondrial respiration. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:317-330. [PMID: 38944213 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transporters facilitate the translocation of metabolites between the cytoplasm and mitochondria and are critical for mitochondrial functional integrity. Although many mitochondrial transporters are associated with metabolic diseases, how they regulate mitochondrial function and their metabolic contributions at the cellular level are largely unknown. Here, we show that mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) transporter SLC25A19 is required for mitochondrial respiration. SLC25A19 deficiency leads to reduced cell viability, increased integrated stress response (ISR), enhanced glycolysis and elevated cell sensitivity to 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) treatment. Through a series of biochemical assays, we found that the depletion of mitochondrial NADH is the primary cause of the impaired mitochondrial respiration in SLC25A19 deficient cells. We also showed involvement of SLC25A19 in regulating the enzymatic activities of complexes I and III, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, malate-aspartate shuttle and amino acid metabolism. Consistently, addition of idebenone, an analog of coenzyme Q10, restores mitochondrial respiration and cell viability in SLC25A19 deficient cells. Together, our findings provide new insight into the functions of SLC25A19 in mitochondrial and cellular physiology, and suggest that restoring mitochondrial respiration could be a novel strategy for treating SLC25A19-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsheng Jiang
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China.
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3
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Hoogstraten CA, Schirris TJJ, Russel FGM. Unlocking mitochondrial drug targets: The importance of mitochondrial transport proteins. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14150. [PMID: 38666512 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A disturbed mitochondrial function contributes to the pathology of many common diseases. These organelles are therefore important therapeutic targets. On the contrary, many adverse effects of drugs can be explained by a mitochondrial off-target effect, in particular, due to an interaction with carrier proteins in the inner membrane. Yet this class of transport proteins remains underappreciated and understudied. The aim of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the role of mitochondrial carriers in health and disease and their significance as drug targets. We present literature-based evidence that mitochondrial carrier proteins are associated with prevalent diseases and emphasize their potential as drug (off-)target sites by summarizing known mitochondrial drug-transporter interactions. Studying these carriers will enhance our knowledge of mitochondrial drug on- and off-targets and provide opportunities to further improve the efficacy and safety of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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4
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Rothman DL, Behar KL, Dienel GA. Mechanistic stoichiometric relationship between the rates of neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation: Reevaluation of and alternatives to the pseudo-malate-aspartate shuttle model. J Neurochem 2024; 168:555-591. [PMID: 36089566 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ~1:1 stoichiometry between the rates of neuronal glucose oxidation (CMRglc-ox-N) and glutamate (Glu)/γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-glutamine (Gln) neurotransmitter (NT) cycling between neurons and astrocytes (VNTcycle) has been firmly established. However, the mechanistic basis for this relationship is not fully understood, and this knowledge is critical for the interpretation of metabolic and brain imaging studies in normal and diseased brain. The pseudo-malate-aspartate shuttle (pseudo-MAS) model established the requirement for glycolytic metabolism in cultured glutamatergic neurons to produce NADH that is shuttled into mitochondria to support conversion of extracellular Gln (i.e., astrocyte-derived Gln in vivo) into vesicular neurotransmitter Glu. The evaluation of this model revealed that it could explain half of the 1:1 stoichiometry and it has limitations. Modifications of the pseudo-MAS model were, therefore, devised to address major knowledge gaps, that is, submitochondrial glutaminase location, identities of mitochondrial carriers for Gln and other model components, alternative mechanisms to transaminate α-ketoglutarate to form Glu and shuttle glutamine-derived ammonia while maintaining mass balance. All modified models had a similar 0.5 to 1.0 predicted mechanistic stoichiometry between VNTcycle and the rate of glucose oxidation. Based on studies of brain β-hydroxybutyrate oxidation, about half of CMRglc-ox-N may be linked to glutamatergic neurotransmission and localized in pre-synaptic structures that use pseudo-MAS type mechanisms for Glu-Gln cycling. In contrast, neuronal compartments that do not participate in transmitter cycling may use the MAS to sustain glucose oxidation. The evaluation of subcellular compartmentation of neuronal glucose metabolism in vivo is a critically important topic for future studies to understand glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin L Behar
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Chiariello A, Rossetti L, Valente S, Pasquinelli G, Sollazzo M, Iommarini L, Porcelli AM, Tognocchi M, Conte G, Santoro A, Kwiatkowska KM, Garagnani P, Salvioli S, Conte M. Downregulation of PLIN2 in human dermal fibroblasts impairs mitochondrial function in an age-dependent fashion and induces cell senescence via GDF15. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14111. [PMID: 38650174 PMCID: PMC11113257 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is a lipid droplet (LD)-coating protein playing important roles in lipid homeostasis and suppression of lipotoxicity in different tissues and cell types. Recently, a role for PLIN2 in supporting mitochondrial function has emerged. PLIN2 dysregulation is involved in many metabolic disorders and age-related diseases. However, the exact consequences of PLIN2 dysregulation are not yet completely understood. In this study, we knocked down (KD) PLIN2 in primary human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) from young (mean age 29 years) and old (mean age 71 years) healthy donors. We have found that PLIN2 KD caused a decline of mitochondrial function only in hDFs from young donors, while mitochondria of hDFs from old donors (that are already partially impaired) did not significantly worsen upon PLIN2 KD. This mitochondrial impairment is associated with the increased expression of the stress-related mitokine growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and the induction of cell senescence. Interestingly, the simultaneous KD of PLIN2 and GDF15 abrogated the induction of cell senescence, suggesting that the increase in GDF15 is the mediator of this phenomenon. Moreover, GDF15 KD caused a profound alteration of gene expression, as observed by RNA-Seq analysis. After a more stringent analysis, this alteration remained statistically significant only in hDFs from young subjects, further supporting the idea that cells from old and young donors react differently when undergoing manipulation of either PLIN2 or GDF15 genes, with the latter being likely a downstream mediator of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Monica Tognocchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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6
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Xia R, Peng HF, Zhang X, Zhang HS. Comprehensive review of amino acid transporters as therapeutic targets. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129646. [PMID: 38272411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) family, with more than 400 membrane-bound proteins, facilitates the transport of a wide array of substrates such as nutrients, ions, metabolites, and drugs across biological membranes. Amino acid transporters (AATs) are membrane transport proteins that mediate transfer of amino acids into and out of cells or cellular organelles. AATs participate in many important physiological functions including nutrient supply, metabolic transformation, energy homeostasis, redox regulation, and neurological regulation. Several AATs have been found to significantly impact the progression of human malignancies, and dysregulation of AATs results in metabolic reprogramming affecting tumor growth and progression. However, current clinical therapies that directly target AATs have not been developed. The purpose of this review is to highlight the structural and functional diversity of AATs, the molecular mechanisms in human diseases such as tumors, kidney diseases, and emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting AATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hai-Feng Peng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China.
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7
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Zhang YH, Liu XS, Gao Y, Yuan LL, Huang ZM, Zhang Y, Liu ZY, Yang Y, Liu XY, Ke CB, Pei ZJ. SFXN1 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of LUAD is associated with 18F-FDG metabolic parameters. Lung Cancer 2024; 188:107449. [PMID: 38184958 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sideroflexin 1 (SFXN1) has been discovered as a novel tumor marker for lung adenocarcinoma, but data on its importance in the development of lung adenocarcinoma is still limited. This study evaluated the correlation between SFXN1 and parameters related to 18F-flurodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and further explored the role of SFXN1 in the value-added and glycolytic processes of LUAD. METHOD The expression and prognostic value of SFXN1 mRNA in LUAD were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data base. Retrospective analysis of 18F-FDG PET imaging and metabolic parameters in 42 patients to explore the relationship between the expression of SFXN1 and glucose metabolism levels in lung adenocarcinoma and its clinical significance. H1975 cells were selected as the in vitro research object, and the biological effects of SFXN1 on LUAD were further elucidated through Edu proliferation assay, CCK8 activity assay, wound healing experiment, and cell flow cytometry. RESULT SFXN1 is highly expressed in various tumors, including LUAD, and its high expression can serve as an independent predictor of overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, the expression of SFXN1 in LUAD was significantly correlated with 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters: maximum and average standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean), as well as total lesion glycolysis (TLG) (rho = 0.574, 0.589, and 0.338, p < 0.05), which can predict the expression of SFXN1 with an accuracy of 0.934. In vitro functional experiments have shown that knocking down SFXN1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells, promotes cell apoptosis, and may inhibit tumor activity by regulating the expression of glycolytic related genes SLC2A1, HK2, GPI, ALDOA, GAPDH, ENO1, PKM, and LDHA. CONCLUSION The overexpression of SFXN1 is closely related to FDG uptake, and SFXN1, as a promising prognostic biomarker, may mediate the development of LUAD through the glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Zhong-Min Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Zi-Yue Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Chang-Bin Ke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Pei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China.
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8
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Bischoff ME, Shamsaei B, Yang J, Secic D, Vemuri B, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Bartolacci C, Adamczak R, Schmidt L, Wang J, Martines A, Biesiada J, Vest KE, Scaglioni PP, Plas DR, Patra KC, Gulati S, Figueroa JAL, Meller J, Cunningham JT, Czyzyk-Krzeska MF. Copper drives remodeling of metabolic state and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575895. [PMID: 38293110 PMCID: PMC10827129 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element required for mitochondrial respiration. Late-stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accumulates Cu and allocates it to mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. We show that Cu drives coordinated metabolic remodeling of bioenergy, biosynthesis and redox homeostasis, promoting tumor growth and progression of ccRCC. Specifically, Cu induces TCA cycle-dependent oxidation of glucose and its utilization for glutathione biosynthesis to protect against H 2 O 2 generated during mitochondrial respiration, therefore coordinating bioenergy production with redox protection. scRNA-seq determined that ccRCC progression involves increased expression of subunits of respiratory complexes, genes in glutathione and Cu metabolism, and NRF2 targets, alongside a decrease in HIF activity, a hallmark of ccRCC. Spatial transcriptomics identified that proliferating cancer cells are embedded in clusters of cells with oxidative metabolism supporting effects of metabolic states on ccRCC progression. Our work establishes novel vulnerabilities with potential for therapeutic interventions in ccRCC. Accumulation of copper is associated with progression and relapse of ccRCC and drives tumor growth.Cu accumulation and allocation to cytochrome c oxidase (CuCOX) remodels metabolism coupling energy production and nucleotide biosynthesis with maintenance of redox homeostasis.Cu induces oxidative phosphorylation via alterations in the mitochondrial proteome and lipidome necessary for the formation of the respiratory supercomplexes. Cu stimulates glutathione biosynthesis and glutathione derived specifically from glucose is necessary for survival of Cu Hi cells. Biosynthesis of glucose-derived glutathione requires activity of glutamyl pyruvate transaminase 2, entry of glucose-derived pyruvate to mitochondria via alanine, and the glutamate exporter, SLC25A22. Glutathione derived from glucose maintains redox homeostasis in Cu-treated cells, reducing Cu-H 2 O 2 Fenton-like reaction mediated cell death. Progression of human ccRCC is associated with gene expression signature characterized by induction of ETC/OxPhos/GSH/Cu-related genes and decrease in HIF/glycolytic genes in subpopulations of cancer cells. Enhanced, concordant expression of genes related to ETC/OxPhos, GSH, and Cu characterizes metabolically active subpopulations of ccRCC cells in regions adjacent to proliferative subpopulations of ccRCC cells, implicating oxidative metabolism in supporting tumor growth.
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Feng S, Tang D, Wang Y, Li X, Bao H, Tang C, Dong X, Li X, Yang Q, Yan Y, Yin Z, Shang T, Zheng K, Huang X, Wei Z, Wang K, Qi S. The mechanism of ferroptosis and its related diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:33. [PMID: 37840106 PMCID: PMC10577123 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cellular death characterized by the iron-mediated accumulation of lipid peroxides, provides a novel avenue for delving into the intersection of cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and disease pathology. We have witnessed a mounting fascination with ferroptosis, attributed to its pivotal roles across diverse physiological and pathological conditions including developmental processes, metabolic dynamics, oncogenic pathways, neurodegenerative cascades, and traumatic tissue injuries. By unraveling the intricate underpinnings of the molecular machinery, pivotal contributors, intricate signaling conduits, and regulatory networks governing ferroptosis, researchers aim to bridge the gap between the intricacies of this unique mode of cellular death and its multifaceted implications for health and disease. In light of the rapidly advancing landscape of ferroptosis research, we present a comprehensive review aiming at the extensive implications of ferroptosis in the origins and progress of human diseases. This review concludes with a careful analysis of potential treatment approaches carefully designed to either inhibit or promote ferroptosis. Additionally, we have succinctly summarized the potential therapeutic targets and compounds that hold promise in targeting ferroptosis within various diseases. This pivotal facet underscores the burgeoning possibilities for manipulating ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy. In summary, this review enriched the insights of both investigators and practitioners, while fostering an elevated comprehension of ferroptosis and its latent translational utilities. By revealing the basic processes and investigating treatment possibilities, this review provides a crucial resource for scientists and medical practitioners, aiding in a deep understanding of ferroptosis and its effects in various disease situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Feng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichang Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Bao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbing Tang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuju Dong
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinna Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxue Yang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yan
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Yin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Shang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Zheng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuheng Wei
- Chengdu Jinjiang Jiaxiang Foreign Languages High School, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Chokeshaiusaha K, Sananmuang T, Puthier D, Nguyen C. Cross-species analysis of differential transcript usage in humans and chickens with fatty liver disease. Vet World 2023; 16:1964-1973. [PMID: 37859957 PMCID: PMC10583885 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1964-1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Fatty liver disease is a common condition, characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver. It can contribute to more severe liver-related health issues, making it a critical concern in avian and human medicine. Apart from modifying the gene expression of liver cells, the disease also alters the expression of specific transcript isoforms, which might serve as new biological markers for both species. This study aimed to identify cross-species genes displaying differential expressions in their transcript isoforms in humans and chickens with fatty liver disease. Materials and Methods We performed differential gene expression and differential transcript usage (DTU) analyses on messenger RNA datasets from the livers of both chickens and humans with fatty liver disease. Using appropriate cross-species gene identification methods, we reviewed the acquired candidate genes and their transcript isoforms to determine their potential role in fatty liver disease's pathogenesis. Results We identified seven genes - ALG5, BRD7, DIABLO, RSU1, SFXN5, STIMATE, TJP3, and VDAC2 - and their corresponding transcript isoforms as potential candidates (false discovery rate ≤0.05). Our findings showed that these genes most likely contribute to fatty disease development and progression. Conclusion This study successfully identified novel human-chicken DTU genes in fatty liver disease. Further research is encouraged to verify the functions and regulations of these transcript isoforms as potential diagnostic markers for fatty liver disease in humans and chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj Chokeshaiusaha
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Thanida Sananmuang
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Denis Puthier
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, UMR 1090, TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Nguyen
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, UMR 1090, TAGC, Marseille, France
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11
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Qi Y, Hu M, Wang Z, Shang W. Mitochondrial iron regulation as an emerging target in ischemia/reperfusion injury during kidney transplantation. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115725. [PMID: 37524207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The injury caused by ischemia and subsequent reperfusion (I/R) is inevitable during kidney transplantation and its current management remains unsatisfactory. Iron is considered to play a remarkable pathologic role in the initiation or progression of tissue damage induced by I/R, whereas the effects of iron-related therapy remain controversial owing to the complicated nature of iron's involvement in multiple biological processes. A significant portion of the cellular iron is located in the mitochondria, which exerts a central role in the development and progression of I/R injury. Recent studies of iron regulation associated with mitochondrial function represents a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge on the pathophysiology of I/R injury. However, the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondria to the iron homeostasis remain unclear. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the alterations to iron metabolism in I/R injury during kidney transplantation, analyze the current understanding of mitochondrial regulation of iron homeostasis and discussed its potential application in I/R injury. The elucidation of regulatory mechanisms regulating mitochondrial iron homeostasis will offer valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for alleviating I/R injury with the ultimate aim of improving kidney graft outcomes, with potential implications that could also extend to acute kidney injury or other I/R injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Qi
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Mingyao Hu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Wenjun Shang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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12
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Du Z, Zhang Z, Han X, Xie H, Yan W, Tian D, Liu M, Rao C. Comprehensive Analysis of Sideroflexin 4 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Bioinformatics and Experiments. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1300-1315. [PMID: 37786439 PMCID: PMC10542026 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sideroflexins (SFXNs) are a family of highly conserved mitochondrial transporters which regulate iron homeostasis and mitochondrial respiratory chain. However, the roles and mechanisms of SFXNs in HCC remain unknown. Methods: SFXNs expression and prognostic value in HCC was comprehensively analyzed. Proteins interacting with SFXN4 were analyzed in STRING database. The co-expression genes of SFXN4 were analyzed in cBioPortal database, and function of SFXN4 co-expression genes were annotated. The putative transcription factors and miRNA targeting SFXN4 were analyzed in NetworkAnalyst. The correlation between SFXN4 expression and immune infiltration was analyzed by ssGSEA. Cancer pathway activity and drug sensitivity related to SFXN4 were explored in GSCALite. The roles of SFXN4 in proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Results: SFXN4 was consistently elevated in HCC, positively correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and predicted poor outcome. Functional enrichment showed SFXN4 was mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species and metabolic pathways. SFXN4 expression was regulated by multiple transcription factors and miRNAs, and SFXN4 expression in HCC was associated with several cancer pathways and drug sensitivity. SFXN4 expression correlated with immune infiltration in HCC. In vitro, knockdown of SFXN4 inhibited HCC proliferation, migration and invasion, and decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and MMP2. In vivo, knockdown of SFXN4 inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts in mice. Conclusion: SFXN4 was upregulated in HCC, predicted poor prognosis, and may facilitate HCC development and progression via various mechanisms. For HCC, SFXN4 may provide both prognostic information and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caijun Rao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Yagi K, Shimada S, Akiyama Y, Hatano M, Asano D, Ishikawa Y, Ueda H, Watanabe S, Akahoshi K, Ono H, Tanabe M, Tanaka S. Loss of SFXN1 mitigates lipotoxicity and predicts poor outcome in non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9449. [PMID: 37296228 PMCID: PMC10256799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imposes a huge global burden, arising from various etiological factors such as hepatitis virus infection and metabolic syndrome. While prophylactic vaccination and antiviral treatment have decreased the incidence of viral HCC, the growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome has led to an increase in non-viral HCC. To identify genes downregulated and specifically associated with unfavorable outcome in non-viral HCC cases, screening analysis was conducted using publically available transcriptome data. Among top 500 genes meeting the criteria, which were involved in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function, a serine transporter located on inner mitochondrial membrane SFXN1 was highlighted. SFXN1 protein expression was significantly reduced in 33 of 105 HCC tissue samples, and correlated to recurrence-free and overall survival only in non-viral HCC. Human HCC cells with SFXN1 knockout (KO) displayed higher cell viability, lower fat intake and diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to palmitate administration. In a subcutaneous transplantation mouse model, high-fat diet feeding attenuated tumorigenic potential in the control cells, but not in the SFXN1-KO cells. In summary, loss of SFXN1 expression suppresses lipid accumulation and ROS generation, preventing toxic effects from fat overload in non-viral HCC, and predicts clinical outcome of non-viral HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yagi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Megumi Hatano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asano
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ishikawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueda
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Watanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Senoo N, Chinthapalli DK, Baile MG, Golla VK, Saha B, Ogunbona OB, Saba JA, Munteanu T, Valdez Y, Whited K, Chorev D, Alder NN, May ER, Robinson CV, Claypool SM. Conserved cardiolipin-mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier interactions assume distinct structural and functional roles that are clinically relevant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539595. [PMID: 37205478 PMCID: PMC10187269 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) promotes bioenergetics via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Three tightly bound CLs are evolutionarily conserved in the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC in yeast; adenine nucleotide translocator, ANT in mammals) which resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and exchanges ADP and ATP to enable OXPHOS. Here, we investigated the role of these buried CLs in the carrier using yeast Aac2 as a model. We introduced negatively charged mutations into each CL-binding site of Aac2 to disrupt the CL interactions via electrostatic repulsion. While all mutations disturbing the CL-protein interaction destabilized Aac2 monomeric structure, transport activity was impaired in a pocket-specific manner. Finally, we determined that a disease-associated missense mutation in one CL-binding site in ANT1 compromised its structure and transport activity, resulting in OXPHOS defects. Our findings highlight the conserved significance of CL in AAC/ANT structure and function, directly tied to specific lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dinesh K. Chinthapalli
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Matthew G. Baile
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vinaya K. Golla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Saha
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Oluwaseun B. Ogunbona
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James A. Saba
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Teona Munteanu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yllka Valdez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kevin Whited
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dror Chorev
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Eric R. May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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15
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Yuan D, Liu J, Sang W, Li Q. Comprehensive analysis of the role of SFXN family in breast cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230685. [PMID: 37020524 PMCID: PMC10068752 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The sideroflexin (SFXN) family is a group of mitochondrial membrane proteins. Although the function of the SFXN family in mitochondria has been widely recognized, the expression levels, role, and prognostic value of this family in breast cancer (BC) have not been clearly articulated and systematically analysed. In our research, SFXN1 and SFXN2 were significantly upregulated in BC versus normal samples based on Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 and the Human Protein Atlas databases. We found that high SFXN1 expression was significantly related to poor prognosis in BC patients and that high SFXN2 expression was significantly associated with good prognosis in BC patients. Gene Ontology analysis of the SFXN family was performed based on the STRING database to explore the potential functions of this family, including biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Based on the MethSurv database, we found that two SFXN1 CpG sites (5′-UTR-S_Shelf-cg06573254 and TSS200-Island-cg17647431), two SFXN2 CpG sites (3′-UTR-Open_Sea-cg04774043 and Body-Open_Sea-cg18994254), one SFXN3 CpG site (Body-S_Shelf-cg17858697), and nine SFXN5 CpG sites (1stExon;5′-UTR-Island-cg03856450, Body-Open_Sea-cg04016113, Body-Open_Sea-cg04197631, Body-Open_Sea-cg07558704, Body-Open_Sea-cg08383863, Body-Open_Sea-cg10040131, Body-Open_Sea-cg10588340, Body-Open_Sea-cg17046766, and Body-Open_Sea-cg22830638) were significantly related to the prognosis of BC patients. According to the ENCORI database, four negative regulatory miRNAs for SFXN1 (hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-140-5p, hsa-miR-532-5p, and hsa-miR-582-3p) and four negative regulatory miRNAs for SFXN2 (hsa-miR-9-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-532-5p, and hsa-miR-885-5p) were related to poor prognosis for BC patients. This study suggests that SFXN1 and SFXN2 are valuable biomarkers and treatment targets for patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Shouguang City People’s Hospital , Shouguang , 262700 , China
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shouguang City People’s Hospital , Shouguang , 262700 , China
| | - Wenbo Sang
- Department of General Surgery, Shouguang City People’s Hospital , Shouguang , 262700 , China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shouguang City People’s Hospital , Shouguang , 262700 , China
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16
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Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming as a Potential Approach for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054954. [PMID: 36902385 PMCID: PMC10003438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal energy metabolism is a characteristic of tumor cells, and mitochondria are important components of tumor metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondria have gradually received the attention of scientists due to their important functions, such as providing chemical energy, producing substrates for tumor anabolism, controlling REDOX and calcium homeostasis, participating in the regulation of transcription, and controlling cell death. Based on the concept of reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism, a range of drugs have been developed to target the mitochondria. In this review, we discuss the current progress in mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and summarized the corresponding treatment options. Finally, we propose mitochondrial inner membrane transporters as new and feasible therapeutic targets.
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17
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Nwosu ZC, Song MG, di Magliano MP, Lyssiotis CA, Kim SE. Nutrient transporters: connecting cancer metabolism to therapeutic opportunities. Oncogene 2023; 42:711-724. [PMID: 36739364 PMCID: PMC10266237 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on certain extracellular nutrients to sustain their metabolism and growth. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters enable cells to acquire extracellular nutrients or shuttle intracellular nutrients across organelles. However, the function of many SLC transporters in cancer is unknown. Determining the key SLC transporters promoting cancer growth could reveal important therapeutic opportunities. Here we summarize recent findings and knowledge gaps on SLC transporters in cancer. We highlight existing inhibitors for studying these transporters, clinical trials on treating cancer by blocking transporters, and compensatory transporters used by cancer cells to evade treatment. We propose targeting transporters simultaneously or in combination with targeted therapy or immunotherapy as alternative strategies for effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeribe Chike Nwosu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mun Gu Song
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kumar A, Waingankar TP, D'Silva P. Functional crosstalk between the TIM22 complex and YME1 machinery maintains mitochondrial proteostasis and integrity. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286750. [PMID: 36601773 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TIM22 pathway cargos are essential for sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis as an excess of these proteins leads to proteostatic stress and cell death. Yme1 is an inner membrane metalloprotease that regulates protein quality control with chaperone-like and proteolytic activities. Although the mitochondrial translocase and protease machinery are critical for organelle health, their functional association remains unexplored. The present study unravels a novel genetic connection between the TIM22 complex and YME1 machinery in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is required for maintaining mitochondrial health. Our genetic analyses indicate that impairment in the TIM22 complex rescues the respiratory growth defects of cells without Yme1. Furthermore, Yme1 is essential for the stability of the TIM22 complex and regulates the proteostasis of TIM22 pathway substrates. Moreover, impairment in the TIM22 complex suppressed the mitochondrial structural and functional defects of Yme1-devoid cells. In summary, excessive levels of TIM22 pathway substrates could be one of the reasons for respiratory growth defects of cells lacking Yme1, and compromising the TIM22 complex can compensate for the imbalance in mitochondrial proteostasis caused by the loss of Yme1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Tejashree Pradip Waingankar
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
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19
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Dong Y, Jin F, Wang J, Li Q, Huang Z, Xia L, Yang M. SFXN3 is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes and Sensitivity to the Hypomethylating Therapy in Non-M3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Curr Gene Ther 2023; 23:410-418. [PMID: 37491851 PMCID: PMC10614111 DOI: 10.2174/1566523223666230724121515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA hypermethylation plays a critical role in the occurrence and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mitochondrial serine transporter, SFXN3, is vital for onecarbon metabolism and DNA methylation. However, the impact of SFXN3 on the occurrence and progression of AML has not been reported yet. OBJECTIVE In this study, we hypothesized that SFXN3 indicates a poor prognosis and suggested tailored treatment for AML patients. METHODS We used GEPIA and TCGA repository data to analyze the expression of SFXN3 and its correlation with survival in AML patients. RT-qPCR was used to detect the SFXN3 level in our enrolled AML patients and volunteers. Additionally, Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) was used to detect the genomic methylation level in individuals. RESULTS Through the TCGA and GEPIA databases, we found that SFXN3 was enriched in AML patients, predicting shorter survival. Furthermore, we confirmed that SFXN3 was primarily overexpressed in AML patients, especially non-M3 patients, and that high SFXN3 in non-M3 AML patients was found to be associated with poor outcomes and frequent blast cells. Interestingly, non-M3 AML patients with high SFXN3 levels who received hypomethylating therapy showed a higher CR ratio. Finally, we found that SFXN3 could promote DNA methylation at transcription start sites (TSS) in non-M3 AML patients. These sites were found to be clustered in multiple vital cell functions and frequently accompanied by mutations in DNMT3A and NPM1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, SXFN3 plays an important role in the progression and hypermethylation in non-M3 AML patients and could be a potential biomarker for indicating a high CR rate for hypomethylating therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Dong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fengbo Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenqi Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Leiming Xia
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Mingzhen Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
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20
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Dharmaratne M, Kulkarni AS, Taherian Fard A, Mar JC. scShapes: a statistical framework for identifying distribution shapes in single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Gigascience 2022; 12:giac126. [PMID: 36691728 PMCID: PMC9871437 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methods have been advantageous for quantifying cell-to-cell variation by profiling the transcriptomes of individual cells. For scRNA-seq data, variability in gene expression reflects the degree of variation in gene expression from one cell to another. Analyses that focus on cell-cell variability therefore are useful for going beyond changes based on average expression and, instead, identifying genes with homogeneous expression versus those that vary widely from cell to cell. RESULTS We present a novel statistical framework, scShapes, for identifying differential distributions in single-cell RNA-sequencing data using generalized linear models. Most approaches for differential gene expression detect shifts in the mean value. However, as single-cell data are driven by overdispersion and dropouts, moving beyond means and using distributions that can handle excess zeros is critical. scShapes quantifies gene-specific cell-to-cell variability by testing for differences in the expression distribution while flexibly adjusting for covariates if required. We demonstrate that scShapes identifies subtle variations that are independent of altered mean expression and detects biologically relevant genes that were not discovered through standard approaches. CONCLUSIONS This analysis also draws attention to genes that switch distribution shapes from a unimodal distribution to a zero-inflated distribution and raises open questions about the plausible biological mechanisms that may give rise to this, such as transcriptional bursting. Overall, the results from scShapes help to expand our understanding of the role that gene expression plays in the transcriptional regulation of a specific perturbation or cellular phenotype. Our framework scShapes is incorporated into a Bioconductor R package (https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/scShapes.html).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malindrie Dharmaratne
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ameya S Kulkarni
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Baker MJ, Crameri JJ, Thorburn DR, Frazier AE, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial biology and dysfunction in secondary mitochondrial disease. Open Biol 2022; 12:220274. [PMID: 36475414 PMCID: PMC9727669 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a broad, genetically heterogeneous class of metabolic disorders characterized by deficits in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) defines pathologies resulting from mutation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear genes affecting either mtDNA expression or the biogenesis and function of the respiratory chain. Secondary mitochondrial disease (SMD) arises due to mutation of nuclear-encoded genes independent of, or indirectly influencing OXPHOS assembly and operation. Despite instances of novel SMD increasing year-on-year, PMD is much more widely discussed in the literature. Indeed, since the implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques in 2010, many novel mitochondrial disease genes have been identified, approximately half of which are linked to SMD. This review will consolidate existing knowledge of SMDs and outline discrete categories within which to better understand the diversity of SMD phenotypes. By providing context to the biochemical and molecular pathways perturbed in SMD, we hope to further demonstrate the intricacies of SMD pathologies outside of their indirect contribution to mitochondrial energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jordan J. Crameri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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22
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Mori KM, McElroy JP, Weng DY, Chung S, Fadda P, Reisinger SA, Ying KL, Brasky TM, Wewers MD, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG, Song MA. Lung mitochondrial DNA copy number, inflammatory biomarkers, gene transcription and gene methylation in vapers and smokers. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104301. [PMID: 36215783 PMCID: PMC9561685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) maintains cellular function and homeostasis, and is linked to nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression. Increased mtCN in the blood is associated with smoking and respiratory disease, but has received little attention for target organ effects for smoking or electronic cigarette (EC) use. METHODS Bronchoscopy biospecimens from healthy EC users, smokers (SM), and never-smokers (NS) were assessed for associations of mtCN with mtDNA point mutations, immune responses, nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression using linear regression. Ingenuity pathway analysis was used for enriched pathways. GEO and TCGA respiratory disease datasets were used to explore the involvement of mtCN-associated signatures. FINDINGS mtCN was higher in SM than NS, but EC was not statistically different from either. Overall there was a negative association of mtCN with a point mutation in the D-loop but no difference within groups. Positive associations of mtCN with IL-2 and IL-4 were found in EC only. mtCN was significantly associated with 71,487 CpGs and 321 transcripts. 263 CpGs were correlated with nearby transcripts for genes enriched in the immune system. EC-specific mtCN-associated-CpGs and genes were differentially expressed in respiratory diseases compared to controls, including genes involved in cellular movement, inflammation, metabolism, and airway hyperresponsiveness. INTERPRETATION Smoking may elicit a lung toxic effect through mtCN. While the impact of EC is less clear, EC-specific associations of mtCN with nuclear biomarkers suggest exposure may not be harmless. Further research is needed to understand the role of smoking and EC-related mtCN on lung disease risks. FUNDING The National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products, the National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences, and Pelotonia Intramural Research Funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie M Mori
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Y Weng
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sangwoon Chung
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sarah A Reisinger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin L Ying
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Theodore M Brasky
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mark D Wewers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Peter G Shields
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Min-Ae Song
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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23
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Chen K, Gong S, Fang X, Li Q, Ye M, Li J, Huang S, Zhao Y, Liu N, Li Y, Ma J. Non-coding RNA-mediated high expression of SFXN3 as a prognostic biomarker associated with paclitaxel resistance and immunosuppressive microenvironment in head and neck cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:920136. [PMID: 36159813 PMCID: PMC9493355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is the leading cause of poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC); however, promising biomarkers to identify patients for stratified chemotherapy are lacking. Sideroflexin 3 (SFXN3) is an important mitochondrial serine transporter during one-carbon metabolism, which is involved in the proliferation of cancer cells. However, the specific role of SFXN3 in HNSC remains unknown. In this study, we performed expression and survival analysis for SFXN3 in pan-cancer using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and found that SFXN3 served as a potential oncogene in HNSC. Notably, SFXN3 expression was found to be positively associated with enriched tumor-infiltrating macrophages, other immune suppressive cells, and immune checkpoint expression and resistance to paclitaxel. Gene, clinical, and immune variables included in the univariate and multivariate analyses showed that SFXN3 expression was an independent risk factor. Moreover, the LINC01270/hsa-miR-29c-3p/SFXN3 axis was identified as the most likely upstream non-coding RNA-related pathway of SFXN3 in HNSC using bioinformatic analysis, expression analysis, correlation analysis, and survival analysis. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that a non-coding RNA-mediated high expression of SFXN3 is a prognostic biomarker and is associated with the immunosuppressive microenvironment in HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Gong
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueliang Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyan Huang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Zhao
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqin Li
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Ma, ; Yingqin Li,
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Ma, ; Yingqin Li,
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24
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A High-Throughput Search for SFXN1 Physical Partners Led to the Identification of ATAD3, HSD10 and TIM50. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091298. [PMID: 36138777 PMCID: PMC9495560 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria are central players in cell fate and cell death. Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. The activity of these organelles relies on numerous mitochondrial transporters, among which the sideroflexins have received little attention to date despite their emerging importance in human health. To better understand the cellular functions of these transporters and their associations with diseases, we herein investigated the molecular partners of one human sideroflexin, SFXN1. Several proteins capable of interacting with SFXN1 were identified, including ATAD3 and HSD10, two mitochondrial proteins linked to neuronal disorders. Abstract Sideroflexins (SFXN, SLC56) are a family of evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial carriers potentially involved in iron homeostasis. One member of the SFXN family is SFXN1, recently identified as a human mitochondrial serine transporter. However, little is known about the SFXN1 interactome, necessitating a high-throughput search to better characterize SFXN1 mitochondrial functions. Via co-immunoprecipitation followed by shotgun mass spectrometry (coIP-MS), we identified 96 putative SFXN1 interactors in the MCF7 human cell line. Our in silico analysis of the SFXN1 interactome highlights biological processes linked to mitochondrial organization, electron transport chains and transmembrane transport. Among the potential physical partners, ATAD3A and 17β-HSD10, two proteins associated with neurological disorders, were confirmed using different human cell lines. Nevertheless, further work will be needed to investigate the significance of these interactions.
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25
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Overexpression of SFXN1 indicates poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154031. [PMID: 35878532 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sideroflexin 1 (SFXN1) functions as a mitochondrial serine transporter in one-carbon metabolism. The association between SFXN1 and tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated. This study illustrated the functional role of SFXN1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). SFXN1 expression in LUAD specimens was examined using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the prognostic value between SFXN1 and clinicopathological parameters was investigated. Subsequently, the effects of SFXN1 on cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were assessed by using Transwell assays and flow cytometry in A549 and H1299 cell lines. Western blotting was also employed to explore the mechanism of tumor progression. SFXN1 was significantly elevated in the LUAD samples compared with the para-carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, SFXN1 expression was an independent prognostic predictor for patients with LUAD. The expression of SFXN1 was altered in A549 and H1299 cell lines and this showed that SFXN1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis. SFXN1, at least partially, influenced LUAD progression via the mTOR signaling pathway. Collectively, the findings from this study demonstrated that SFXN1 promotes LUAD progression via the mTOR pathway and that SFXN1 expression is associated with clinicopathological features of LUAD. SFXN1 significantly contributes to the development of LUAD and might have potential, not only as an independent prognostic marker of LAUD but also as a promising target for LUAD therapy.
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26
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Prospective role and immunotherapeutic targets of sideroflexin protein family in lung adenocarcinoma: evidence from bioinformatics validation. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1057-1072. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Yien YY, Perfetto M. Regulation of Heme Synthesis by Mitochondrial Homeostasis Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:895521. [PMID: 35832791 PMCID: PMC9272004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.895521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme plays a central role in diverse, life-essential processes that range from ubiquitous, housekeeping pathways such as respiration, to highly cell-specific ones such as oxygen transport by hemoglobin. The regulation of heme synthesis and its utilization is highly regulated and cell-specific. In this review, we have attempted to describe how the heme synthesis machinery is regulated by mitochondrial homeostasis as a means of coupling heme synthesis to its utilization and to the metabolic requirements of the cell. We have focused on discussing the regulation of mitochondrial heme synthesis enzymes by housekeeping proteins, transport of heme intermediates, and regulation of heme synthesis by macromolecular complex formation and mitochondrial metabolism. Recently discovered mechanisms are discussed in the context of the model organisms in which they were identified, while more established work is discussed in light of technological advancements.
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28
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Kumar A, Matta SK, Vigneshwaran R, D'Silva P. A journey through the gateway of polytopic inner membrane proteins: The carrier translocase machinery. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Jackson TD, Crameri JJ, Muellner-Wong L, Frazier AE, Palmer CS, Formosa LE, Hock DH, Fujihara KM, Stait T, Sharpe AJ, Thorburn DR, Ryan MT, Stroud DA, Stojanovski D. Sideroflexin 4 is a complex I assembly factor that interacts with the MCIA complex and is required for the assembly of the ND2 module. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115566119. [PMID: 35333655 PMCID: PMC9060475 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115566119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceMitochondria are double-membraned eukaryotic organelles that house the proteins required for generation of ATP, the energy currency of cells. ATP generation within mitochondria is performed by five multisubunit complexes (complexes I to V), the assembly of which is an intricate process. Mutations in subunits of these complexes, or the suite of proteins that help them assemble, lead to a severe multisystem condition called mitochondrial disease. We show that SFXN4, a protein that causes mitochondrial disease when mutated, assists with the assembly of complex I. This finding explains why mutations in SFXN4 cause mitochondrial disease and is surprising because SFXN4 belongs to a family of amino acid transporter proteins, suggesting that it has undergone a dramatic shift in function through evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jordan J. Crameri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Linden Muellner-Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Catherine S. Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Luke E. Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Daniella H. Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kenji M. Fujihara
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tegan Stait
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetic Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alice J. Sharpe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetic Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael T. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - David A. Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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30
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Fang H, Xie A, Du M, Li X, Yang K, Fu Y, Yuan X, Fan R, Yu W, Zhou Z, Sang T, Nie K, Li J, Zhao Q, Chen Z, Yang Y, Hong C, Lyu J. SERAC1 is a component of the mitochondrial serine transporter complex required for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl6992. [PMID: 35235340 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SERAC1 deficiency is associated with the mitochondrial 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, (hepatopathy), encephalopathy, and Leigh-like disease [MEGD(H)EL] syndrome, but the role of SERAC1 in mitochondrial physiology remains unknown. Here, we generated Serac1-/- mice that mimic the major diagnostic clinical and biochemical phenotypes of the MEGD(H)EL syndrome. We found that SERAC1 localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane and is a protein component of the one-carbon cycle. By interacting with the mitochondrial serine transporter protein SFXN1, SERAC1 facilitated and was required for SFXN1-mediated serine transport from the cytosol to the mitochondria. Loss of SERAC1 impaired the one-carbon cycle and disrupted the balance of the nucleotide pool, which led to primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion in mice, HEK293T cells, and patient-derived immortalized lymphocyte cells due to insufficient supply of nucleotides. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo supplementation of nucleosides/nucleotides restored mtDNA content and mitochondrial function. Collectively, our findings suggest that MEGD(H)EL syndrome shares both clinical and molecular features with the mtDNA depletion syndrome, and nucleotide supplementation may be an effective therapeutic strategy for MEGD(H)EL syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhi Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Anran Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Miaomiao Du
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xueyun Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.,Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Kaiqiang Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yinxu Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiangshu Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Runxiao Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tiantian Sang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ke Nie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiongya Zhao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhehui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Chaoyang Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
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31
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Eaglesfield R, Tokatlidis K. Targeting and Insertion of Membrane Proteins in Mitochondria. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:803205. [PMID: 35004695 PMCID: PMC8740019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.803205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane proteins play an essential role in all major mitochondrial functions. The respiratory complexes of the inner membrane are key for the generation of energy. The carrier proteins for the influx/efflux of essential metabolites to/from the matrix. Many other inner membrane proteins play critical roles in the import and processing of nuclear encoded proteins (∼99% of all mitochondrial proteins). The outer membrane provides another lipidic barrier to nuclear-encoded protein translocation and is home to many proteins involved in the import process, maintenance of ionic balance, as well as the assembly of outer membrane components. While many aspects of the import and assembly pathways of mitochondrial membrane proteins have been elucidated, many open questions remain, especially surrounding the assembly of the respiratory complexes where certain highly hydrophobic subunits are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA and synthesised and inserted into the membrane from the matrix side. This review will examine the various assembly pathways for inner and outer mitochondrial membrane proteins while discussing the most recent structural and biochemical data examining the biogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Eaglesfield
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Dietz JV, Fox JL, Khalimonchuk O. Down the Iron Path: Mitochondrial Iron Homeostasis and Beyond. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092198. [PMID: 34571846 PMCID: PMC8468894 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular iron homeostasis and mitochondrial iron homeostasis are interdependent. Mitochondria must import iron to form iron–sulfur clusters and heme, and to incorporate these cofactors along with iron ions into mitochondrial proteins that support essential functions, including cellular respiration. In turn, mitochondria supply the cell with heme and enable the biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear proteins containing iron–sulfur clusters. Impairment in cellular or mitochondrial iron homeostasis is deleterious and can result in numerous human diseases. Due to its reactivity, iron is stored and trafficked through the body, intracellularly, and within mitochondria via carefully orchestrated processes. Here, we focus on describing the processes of and components involved in mitochondrial iron trafficking and storage, as well as mitochondrial iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis and heme biosynthesis. Recent findings and the most pressing topics for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V. Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA;
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence:
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