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Kim HY, Cho S, Kim SB, Song EC, Jung W, Shin YG, Suh JH, Choi J, Yoon I, Kim U, Ban H, Hwang S, Mun J, Park J, Kim N, Lee Y, Kim MH, Kim S. Specific targeting of cancer vaccines to antigen-presenting cells via an endogenous TLR2/6 ligand derived from cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1. Mol Ther 2024; 32:3597-3617. [PMID: 39066478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been developed as a promising way to boost cancer immunity. However, their clinical potency is often limited due to the imprecise delivery of tumor antigens. To overcome this problem, we conjugated an endogenous Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/6 ligand, UNE-C1, to human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16)-derived peptide antigen, E7, and found that the UNE-C1-conjugated cancer vaccine (UCV) showed significantly enhanced antitumor activity in vivo compared with the noncovalent combination of UNE-C1 and E7. The combination of UCV with PD-1 blockades further augmented its therapeutic efficacy. Specifically, the conjugation of UNE-C1 to E7 enhanced its retention in inguinal draining lymph nodes, the specific delivery to dendritic cells and E7 antigen-specific T cell responses, and antitumor efficacy in vivo compared with the noncovalent combination of the two peptides. These findings suggest the potential of UNE-C1 derived from human cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1 as a unique vehicle for the specific delivery of cancer antigens to antigen-presenting cells via TLR2/6 for the improvement of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Yun Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Cho
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Ee Chan Song
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchul Jung
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gyeong Shin
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Suh
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ina Yoon
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Uijoo Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamin Ban
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyo Hwang
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwon Mun
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Park
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Johnson BS, Farkas D, El-Mergawy R, Adair JA, Elhance A, Eltobgy M, Coan FM, Chafin L, Joseph JA, Cornwell A, Johns FJ, Rosas L, Rojas M, Farkas L, Bednash JS, Londino JD, Ray P, Ray A, Kagan V, Lee JS, Chen BB, Mallampalli RK. Targeted degradation of extracellular mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase modulates immune responses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6172. [PMID: 39039092 PMCID: PMC11263397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The severity of bacterial pneumonia can be worsened by impaired innate immunity resulting in ineffective pathogen clearance. We describe a mitochondrial protein, aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (DARS2), which is released in circulation during bacterial pneumonia in humans and displays intrinsic innate immune properties and cellular repair properties. DARS2 interacts with a bacterial-induced ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit, FBXO24, which targets the synthetase for ubiquitylation and degradation, a process that is inhibited by DARS2 acetylation. During experimental pneumonia, Fbxo24 knockout mice exhibit elevated DARS2 levels with an increase in pulmonary cellular and cytokine levels. In silico modeling identified an FBXO24 inhibitory compound with immunostimulatory properties which extended DARS2 lifespan in cells. Here, we show a unique biological role for an extracellular, mitochondrially derived enzyme and its molecular control by the ubiquitin apparatus, which may serve as a mechanistic platform to enhance protective host immunity through small molecule discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniela Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rabab El-Mergawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica A Adair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Moemen Eltobgy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Francesca M Coan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lexie Chafin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica A Joseph
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex Cornwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Finny J Johns
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lorena Rosas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph S Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James D Londino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Prabir Ray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and Sleep Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and Sleep Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janet S Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bill B Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and Sleep Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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3
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Wakasugi K, Yokosawa T. The high-affinity tryptophan uptake transport system in human cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1149-1158. [PMID: 38813870 PMCID: PMC11346423 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The L-tryptophan (Trp) transport system is highly selective for Trp with affinity in the nanomolar range. This transport system is augmented in human interferon (IFN)-γ-treated and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)-expressing cells. Up-regulated cellular uptake of Trp causes a reduction in extracellular Trp and initiates immune suppression. Recent studies demonstrate that both IDO1 and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS), whose expression levels are up-regulated by IFN-γ, play a pivotal role in high-affinity Trp uptake into human cells. Furthermore, overexpression of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) elicits a similar effect as IDO1 on TrpRS-mediated high-affinity Trp uptake. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding this Trp uptake system and put forward a possible molecular mechanism based on Trp deficiency induced by IDO1 or TDO2 and tryptophanyl-AMP production by TrpRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Wakasugi
- Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takumi Yokosawa
- Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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4
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Cai R, Shan Y, Du F, Miao Z, Zhu L, Hang L, Xiao L, Wang Z. Injectable hydrogels as promising in situ therapeutic platform for cartilage tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129537. [PMID: 38278383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels are gaining prominence as a biocompatible, minimally invasive, and adaptable platform for cartilage tissue engineering. Commencing with their synthesis, this review accentuates the tailored matrix formulations and cross-linking techniques essential for fostering three-dimensional cell culture and melding with complex tissue structures. Subsequently, it spotlights the hydrogels' enhanced properties, highlighting their augmented functionalities and broadened scope in cartilage tissue repair applications. Furthermore, future perspectives are advocated, urging continuous innovation and exploration to surmount existing challenges and harness the full clinical potential of hydrogels in regenerative medicine. Such advancements are crucial for validating the long-term efficacy and safety of hydrogels, positioning them as a promising direction in regenerative medicine to address cartilage-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital of Yangzhou University, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yisi Shan
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital of Yangzhou University, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengyi Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212013, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital of Yangzhou University, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Like Zhu
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital of Yangzhou University, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Hang
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital of Yangzhou University, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Xiao
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital of Yangzhou University, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital of Yangzhou University, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Lazar I, Livneh I, Ciechanover A, Fabre B. Tryptophanyl-Transfer RNA Synthetase Is Involved in a Negative Feedback Loop Mitigating Interferon-γ-Induced Gene Expression. Cells 2024; 13:180. [PMID: 38247871 PMCID: PMC10813977 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential enzymes responsible for linking a transfer RNA (tRNA) with its cognate amino acid present in all the kingdoms of life. Besides their aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity, it was described that many of these enzymes can carry out non-canonical functions. They were shown to be involved in important biological processes such as metabolism, immunity, development, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. In the present work, we provide evidence that tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase might be involved in a negative feedback loop mitigating the expression of certain interferon-γ-induced genes. Mining the available TCGA and Gtex data, we found that WARS was highly expressed in cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) compared to other cancers and is of good prognosis for this particular cancer type. WARS expression correlates with genes involved in antigen processing and presentation but also transcription factors involved in IFN-γ signaling such as STAT1. In addition, WARS was found in complex with STAT1 in A375 cells treated with IFN-γ. Finally, we showed that knocking down WARS expression during IFN-γ stimulation further increases the expression of GBP2, APOL1, ISG15, HLA-A and IDO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikrame Lazar
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (I.L.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
- MCD, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UT3, Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Ido Livneh
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (I.L.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (I.L.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (I.L.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), CNRS/UT3/INPT, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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6
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Kim KS, Suh GJ, Jin M, Kwon WY, Jung YS, Kim T, Kim YT, Kim H, Park H. SECRETED TRYPTOPHANYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE 1 IS A PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN SEPSIS PATIENTS WITHOUT MONOCYTOPENIA. Shock 2024; 61:55-60. [PMID: 37878497 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to test whether the prognostic value of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (WARS1) for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis was affected by monocytopenia. Methods: A prospective analysis of retrospectively collected samples from 74 sepsis patients was performed. WARS1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin were measured at admission and 24 and 72 h after admission. The prognostic value of WARS1, CRP, and procalcitonin for 28-day mortality was compared using repeated measures analysis of variance and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). All analyses were performed in patients with or without monocytopenia, defined as an absolute monocyte count less than 0.1 × 10 9 cells/L. Results: WARS1 levels differed significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors when all patients and patients without monocytopenia were assessed ( P = 0.008, P < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, the WARS1 level did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors with monocytopenia. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels were not different between survivors and nonsurvivors regardless of whether they had monocytopenia. The AUROCs of WARS1 at admission and 24 h for mortality were significantly higher in patients without monocytopenia (0.830, 0.818) than in patients with monocytopenia (0.232, 0.196; P < 0.001, both). When patients without monocytopenia were analyzed, the AUROCs of WARS1 for mortality were 0.830 and 0.818 at admission and 24 h, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of CRP (0.586, 0.653) and procalcitonin (0.456, 0.453) at the same time points ( P = 0.024 and 0.034, respectively). Conclusion: WARS1 is a useful biomarker for prognosis in sepsis patients without monocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoon Tae Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Kim YT, Huh JW, Choi YH, Yoon HK, Nguyen TT, Chun E, Jeong G, Park S, Ahn S, Lee WK, Noh YW, Lee KS, Ahn HS, Lee C, Lee SM, Kim KS, Suh GJ, Jeon K, Kim S, Jin M. Highly secreted tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase 1 as a potential theranostic target for hypercytokinemic severe sepsis. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:40-63. [PMID: 38177528 PMCID: PMC10883277 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive clinical and scientific efforts, the mortality rate of sepsis remains high due to the lack of precise biomarkers for patient stratification and therapeutic guidance. Secreted human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (WARS1), an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 against infection, activates the genes that signify the hyperinflammatory sepsis phenotype. High plasma WARS1 levels stratified the early death of critically ill patients with sepsis, along with elevated levels of cytokines, chemokines, and lactate, as well as increased numbers of absolute neutrophils and monocytes, and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. These symptoms were recapitulated in severely ill septic mice with hypercytokinemia. Further, injection of WARS1 into mildly septic mice worsened morbidity and mortality. We created an anti-human WARS1-neutralizing antibody that suppresses proinflammatory cytokine expression in marmosets with endotoxemia. Administration of this antibody into severe septic mice attenuated cytokine storm, organ failure, and early mortality. With antibiotics, the antibody almost completely prevented fatalities. These data imply that blood-circulating WARS1-guided anti-WARS1 therapy may provide a novel theranostic strategy for life-threatening systemic hyperinflammatory sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hui Choi
- R&D Center, MirimGENE, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Eunho Chun
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunyeol Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Ahn
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woock Noh
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sun Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Ahn
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Su Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Joon Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongman Jeon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, The interdisciplinary graduate program in integrative biotechnology, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirim Jin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- R&D Center, MirimGENE, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Yokosawa T, Wakasugi K. Tryptophan-Starved Human Cells Overexpressing Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase Enhance High-Affinity Tryptophan Uptake via Enzymatic Production of Tryptophanyl-AMP. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15453. [PMID: 37895133 PMCID: PMC10607379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that L-tryptophan (Trp)-depleted cells display a marked enhancement in Trp uptake facilitated by extracellular tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS). Here, we show that Trp uptake into TrpRS-overexpressing cells is also markedly elevated upon Trp starvation. These findings indicate that a Trp-deficient condition is critical for Trp uptake, not only into cells to which TrpRS protein has been added but also into TrpRS-overexpressing cells. We also show that overexpression of TrpRS mutants, which cannot synthesize tryptophanyl-AMP, does not promote Trp uptake, and that inhibition of tryptophanyl-AMP synthesis suppresses this uptake. Overall, these data suggest that tryptophanyl-AMP production by TrpRS is critical for high-affinity Trp uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yokosawa
- Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wakasugi
- Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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