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Letkiewicz AM, Wakschlag LS, Briggs-Gowan MJ, Cochran AL, Wang L, Norton ES, Shankman SA. Preadolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms are differentially related to drift-diffusion model parameters and neural activation during a go/no-go task. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 178:405-413. [PMID: 39217834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Letkiewicz
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Amy L Cochran
- Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
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Carbonneau R, Vitaro F, Brendgen M, Boivin M, Tremblay RE. Are Children Following High Trajectories of Disruptive Behaviors in Early Childhood More or Less Likely to Follow Concurrent High Trajectories of Internalizing Problems? Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:571. [PMID: 39062394 PMCID: PMC11274135 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The developmental association between disruptive behaviors (DBs: hyperactivity-impulsivity, non-compliance, physical aggression) and internalizing problems in early childhood is not well understood and has generated competing hypotheses and mixed results. Using a person-centered strategy, the present study aimed to examine concurrent trajectories of DBs and trajectories of internalizing problems from age 1.5 to 5 years in a population-representative sample (N = 2057; 50.7% boys). Six trajectories of DBs and three trajectories of internalizing problems, based on parent reports and obtained via latent growth modeling across five periods of assessment, were used as longitudinal indicators of each type of behaviors. Children following low or moderate trajectories served as the reference class. Compared to children in the reference class, those in trajectory classes characterized by high levels of co-occurring DBs (OR = 6.60) and, to a lesser extent, those in single high DB classes (OR = 2.78) were more likely to follow a high trajectory of internalizing problems simultaneously. These results support a multiple problem hypothesis regarding the association between DBs and internalizing problems, consistent with a developmental perspective that includes a general factor underpinning different psychopathologies. These findings highlight the importance of considering the co-occurrence between DBs and internalizing problems when studying either construct in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Carbonneau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Centre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Centre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Schmitz K, Jimenez ME, Corman H, Noonan K, Reichman NE. Paternal depression in the postpartum year and children's behaviors at age 5 in an urban U.S. birth cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300018. [PMID: 38635660 PMCID: PMC11025738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between postpartum depression in fathers and children's behaviors at age 5 in a national high-risk U.S. sample. STUDY DESIGN A secondary data analysis of 1,796 children in a national birth cohort study that oversampled non-marital births was conducted. Paternal depression was assessed 1 year after the child was born and children's behaviors were assessed by their primary caregivers when the children were 5 years old. Unadjusted and adjusted negative binomial regression models of associations between paternal depression and child behavior scores and logistic regression models of associations between paternal depression and high scores (at least 1.5 or 2.0 standard deviations above the mean) were estimated. RESULTS In negative binomial regression models that adjusted for child, paternal, and family characteristics and maternal depression, paternal depression was associated with a 17% higher total externalizing behavior score (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 1.17; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.07-1.27), a 17% higher aggressive subscale score (IRR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08-1.27), and an 18% higher delinquent subscale score (IRR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03-1.35). In adjusted logistic regression models for scores ≥2.0 standard deviations above the mean, paternal depression was associated with high total externalizing scores (e.g., Odds Ratio (OR): 3.09; 95% CI: 1.77-5.41), high aggressive behavior scores (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.30-4.43), and high delinquent behavior scores (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.01-4.27). There were suggestive but non-robust associations between paternal depression and attention problems and no associations between paternal depression and internalizing behaviors or social problems. CONCLUSION Fathers' depression at age 1 was associated with children's externalizing behaviors at age 5, an important developmental stage when children transition to school. These findings suggest a need to identify and support fathers with depressive symptoms to promote optimal child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Schmitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Population Health, Quality and Implementation, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Manuel E. Jimenez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Population Health, Quality and Implementation, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hope Corman
- Department of Economics, Rider University, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, United States of America
- National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kelly Noonan
- Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nancy E. Reichman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Population Health, Quality and Implementation, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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Marques S, Correia-de-Sá T, Guardiano M, Sampaio-Maia B, Ferreira-Gomes J. Emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms mediate the association between inhibitory control difficulties and aggressive behaviour in children with ADHD. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1329401. [PMID: 38690203 PMCID: PMC11059059 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1329401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives Impulsive aggressive behaviour, although not a core symptom, is often part of the clinical presentation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recently, impulsive aggression has been attributed to emotion dysregulation, which is currently conceptualised as a transdiagnostic factor and seems to contribute to the co-occurrence of other problems in ADHD. Thus, this study investigated the presence of impulsive aggressive behaviour and explored whether emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between inhibitory control difficulties and aggressive behaviour in children with ADHD. Because ADHD may act as a risk factor for the development of other conditions, such as internalising problems, we aimed to understand whether depressive symptoms contribute to this relationship. Methods Seventy-two children were recruited from a hospital and the community, 38 of whom had ADHD and 34 were typically developing (TD). Parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist, the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and the Emotion Regulation Checklist. Simple mediation and serial mediation models were performed to test our hypotheses. Results Aggressive behaviour was significantly higher in ADHD children compared to TD children. Emotion dysregulation fully mediated the relationship between inhibitory control difficulties and aggressive behaviour in ADHD children. Adding depressive symptoms to the model increased the explained variance in aggressive behaviour. Conclusion The main result of our study supports the role of emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms in mediating the relationship between inhibitory control difficulties and impulsive aggressive behaviour in children with ADHD. This highlights that aggressive behaviour is, in part, a result of the inability of the child to appropriately regulate their emotions. Future interventions may be tailored to improve emotion regulation skills to address aggressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Marques
- Institute of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Lusíada University, Porto, Portugal
- CIPD—Psychology for Development Research Centre, Lusíada University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Correia-de-Sá
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Micaela Guardiano
- Department of Paediatrics, Unit of Neurodevelopmental Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre of São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- INEB—Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira-Gomes
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Alacha HF, Isaac AJ, Gemmell N, Dougherty LR, Olino TM, Bufferd SJ. Comparison of Global and Daily Ratings of Associations between Anxiety and Depressive Behaviors and Impairment in Preschool-Aged Children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01697-z. [PMID: 38578584 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety and depressive difficulties can emerge during early childhood and cause impairment in functioning. Anxiety and depressive behaviors and impairment are typically assessed with global questionnaires that require recall of children's behavior over an extended period which could reduce the accuracy of parent report of children's behavior and functioning. The current study compared parents' report of children's anxiety and depressive behaviors and impairment when evaluated with global measures versus a daily diary measure. Participants (N = 901 parents of 3-5-year-old children) completed global and daily measures of children's behavior and impairment during enrollment to the study. Global measures were completed at baseline and the 14 daily diary measures were completed consecutively for two weeks. Across most measures, daily associations between parent-reported anxiety and depressive behaviors and impairment were stronger compared to associations with global measures. These results suggest that daily measures may better capture links between young children's typical behavior and functioning compared to global measures. In addition, daily assessment might be more effective for measuring mild to moderate yet still impairing behaviors that may be missed on global reports that require longer periods of recall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara J Bufferd
- University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Life Sciences Building, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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Zheng S, Mansolf M, McGrath M, Churchill ML, Bekelman TA, Brennan PA, Margolis AE, Nozadi SS, Bastain TM, Elliott AJ, LeWinn KZ, Hofheimer JA, Leve LD, Rennie B, Zimmerman E, Marable CA, McEvoy CT, Liu C, Sullivan A, Woodruff TJ, Ghosh S, Leventhal B, Ferrara A, Lewis J, Bishop S. Measurement bias in caregiver-report of early childhood behavior problems across demographic factors in an ECHO-wide diverse sample. JCPP ADVANCES 2024; 4:e12198. [PMID: 38486952 PMCID: PMC10933609 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research and clinical practice rely heavily on caregiver-report measures, such as the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5), to gather information about early childhood behavior problems and to screen for child psychopathology. While studies have shown that demographic variables influence caregiver ratings of behavior problems, the extent to which the CBCL/1.5-5 functions equivalently at the item level across diverse samples is unknown. Methods Item-level data of CBCL/1.5-5 from a large sample of young children (N = 9087) were drawn from 26 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program. Factor analyses and the alignment method were applied to examine measurement invariance (MI) and differential item functioning (DIF) across child (age, sex, bilingual status, and neurodevelopmental disorders), and caregiver (sex, education level, household income level, depression, and language version administered) characteristics. Child race was examined in sensitivity analyses. Results Items with the most impactful DIF across child and caregiver groupings were identified for Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems. The robust item sets, excluding the high DIF items, showed good reliability and high correlation with the original Internalizing and Total Problems scales, with lower reliability for Externalizing. Language version of CBCL administration, education level and sex of the caregiver respondent showed the most significant impact on MI, followed by child age. Sensitivity analyses revealed that child race has a unique impact on DIF over and above socioeconomic status. Conclusions The CBCL/1.5-5, a caregiver-report measure of early childhood behavior problems, showed bias across demographic groups. Robust item sets with less DIF can measure Internalizing and Total Problems equally as well as the full item sets, with slightly lower reliability for Externalizing, and can be crosswalked to the metric of the full item set, enabling calculation of normed T scores based on more robust item sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Maxwell Mansolf
- Department of Medical Social SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Monica McGrath
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Marie L. Churchill
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Traci A. Bekelman
- Department of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthAuroraCOUSA
| | | | - Amy E. Margolis
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Sara S. Nozadi
- Community Environmental HealthCollege of PharmacyHealth Sciences CenterUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Julie A. Hofheimer
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Neonatal‐Perinatal MedicineNorth Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science InstituteUniversity of OregonEugeneORUSA
| | - Brandon Rennie
- Health Sciences CenterDepartment of PediatricsCenter for Development and DisabilityUniversity of New MexicoNavajo Birth Cohort StudyAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Emily Zimmerman
- Communication Sciences & DisordersNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Carmen A. Marable
- School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillNeuroscience CurriculumChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Cindy T. McEvoy
- Department of PediatricsPape Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of PsychologyWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Center for Health and CommunityUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Samiran Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science & Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CCCT)University of Texas School of Public HealthHoustonTXUSA
| | - Bennett Leventhal
- University of ChicagoNavajo Birth Cohort StudyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Navajo Birth Cohort StudyCommunity Environmental Health ProgramCollege of PharmacyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Somer Bishop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
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Canfield CF, Miller EB, Taraban L, Aviles AI, Rosas J, Mendelsohn AL, Morris P, Shaw D. Impacts of a tiered intervention on child internalizing and externalizing behavior in the context of maternal depression. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38093598 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Greater maternal depressive symptoms are consistently associated with higher levels of behavioral difficulties in children, emerging in early childhood and with long-lasting consequences for children's development. Interventions promoting early relational health have been shown to have benefits for children's behavior; however, these impacts are not always realized in the context of maternal depression. This study examined whether tiered programs could address this limitation by focusing on both parenting, through universal primary prevention, and psychosocial stressors and parent mental health, through tailored secondary prevention. Analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Smart Beginnings (SB) intervention was conducted to determine whether SB attenuated the association between maternal depression and early childhood internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Maternal depression significantly predicted both internalizing and externalizing behaviors in linear regression models. Further, there was a significant interaction between maternal depression and treatment group, such that among mothers with higher depressive symptoms, the SB treatment attenuated the magnitude of the association between depression and child behavior. Findings suggest that while parenting support is important for all families, it may be particularly critical for those with higher levels of depression and underscores the need to consider multidimensional family processes in both research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ashleigh I Aviles
- Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johana Rosas
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Pamela Morris
- Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Shaw
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Van Dijk W, de Moor MHM, Oosterman M, Huizink AC, Matvienko-Sikar K. Corrigendum: Longitudinal relations between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors: testing within-person changes, bidirectionality and mediating mechanisms. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1296453. [PMID: 38025389 PMCID: PMC10661225 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1296453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.942363.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke Van Dijk
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marleen H. M. de Moor
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Oosterman
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anja C. Huizink
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Jovanović V, Renshaw TL. The Youth Internalizing Problems Screener: Validation in Serbian Adolescents and Measurement Invariance across Serbia and the USA. J Pers Assess 2023; 105:789-796. [PMID: 36697377 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2166518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Youth Internalizing Problems Screener (YIPS) is a recently developed measure of general internalizing problems in adolescence. Validity evidence supporting interpretation and use of the YIPS outside the USA is still limited, and no research to date has examined cross-national invariance of this scale. Using two samples of Serbian adolescents, the present study examined the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and convergent and incremental validity of a Serbian language version of the YIPS. Following, we evaluated the measurement invariance of the YIPS across Serbian and USA samples. Evidence for a one-factor structure and good internal consistency for the Serbian YIPS was found. The scale scores yielded strong associations with measures of depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect, indicating evidence of convergent validity. YIPS scores also had a unique contribution over and above depression and anxiety in predicting subjective well-being, thus supporting incremental validity. Partial scalar invariance for the YIPS measurement model was indicated across Serbian and USA samples. We conclude the YIPS appears to be a psychometrically sound measure of general internalizing problems among Serbian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Jovanović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tyler L Renshaw
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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Hammud G, Avital-Magen A, Schusheim G, Barzuza I, Engel-Yeger B. How Self-Regulation and Executive Functions Deficits Affect Quality of Life of Children/Adolescents with Emotional Regulation Disorders. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1622. [PMID: 37892283 PMCID: PMC10605933 DOI: 10.3390/children10101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in self-regulation and executive functions (EFs) frequently characterize children/adolescents with emotional regulation disorders and restrict their daily function and quality of life (QOL). These deficits are mainly manifested by neuropsychological measures in laboratory settings. This study aimed to compare self-regulation and EFs by ecological measures to reflect the implications in daily life between children with emotional regulation disorders and healthy controls and examine the relations between self-regulation, EFs and QOL in the study group. METHODS the participants were 49 children aged 8-18: 25 children/adolescents with emotional regulation disorders and 24 healthy children. The parents completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (Peds-QL). RESULTS The study group had greater self-regulation difficulties (internalization and externalization problems), executive dysfunctions (EFdys) (including metacognition difficulties) and a lower QOL. Their internalization and externalization problems correlated with reduced EFs and QOL. Internalization predicted the physical and emotional QOLs, while metacognition predicted social and school-related QOLs. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in self-regulation and EFs are prevalent in children/adolescents with emotional disorders and restrict their daily function and QOL. Therefore, they should be routinely evaluated by ecological instruments to reflect daily restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginan Hammud
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Ayelet Avital-Magen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Clinic, Haemeq Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel
| | - Guy Schusheim
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Clinic, Haemeq Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel
| | - Inbar Barzuza
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Clinic, Haemeq Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel
| | - Batya Engel-Yeger
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
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Loftness BC, Rizzo DM, Halvorson-Phelan J, O'Leary A, Prytherch S, Bradshaw C, Brown AJ, Cheney N, McGinnis EW, McGinnis RS. Toward Digital Phenotypes of Early Childhood Mental Health via Unsupervised and Supervised Machine Learning. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082795 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Childhood mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and ADHD are commonly-occurring and often go undetected into adolescence or adulthood. This can lead to detrimental impacts on long-term wellbeing and quality of life. Current parent-report assessments for pre-school aged children are often biased, and thus increase the need for objective mental health screening tools. Leveraging digital tools to identify the behavioral signature of childhood mental disorders may enable increased intervention at the time with the highest chance of long-term impact. We present data from 84 participants (4-8 years old, 50% diagnosed with anxiety, depression, and/or ADHD) collected during a battery of mood induction tasks using the ChAMP System. Unsupervised Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) constructed from movement and audio features indicate that age did not tend to explain clusters as consistently as gender within task-specific and cross-task SOMs. Symptom prevalence and diagnostic status also showed some evidence of clustering. Case studies suggest that high impairment (>80th percentile symptom counts) and diagnostic subtypes (ADHD-Combined) may account for most behaviorally distinct children. Based on this same dataset, we also present results from supervised modeling for the binary classification of diagnoses. Our top performing models yield moderate but promising results (ROC AUC .6-.82, TPR .36-.71, Accuracy .62-.86) on par with our previous efforts for isolated behavioral tasks. Enhancing features, tuning model parameters, and incorporating additional wearable sensor data will continue to enable the rapid progression towards the discovery of digital phenotypes of childhood mental health.Clinical Relevance- This work advances the use of wearables for detecting childhood mental health disorders.
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Silver J, Thorpe D, Olino TM, Klein DN. Intergenerational Effects of Parenting on Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Trajectories: A Latent Growth Model Analysis. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01554-5. [PMID: 37378791 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Externalizing and internalizing problems in childhood are associated with risk for later psychopathology. It is important to identify antecedents as they may be targets for intervention. In a sample of 501 children (M = 6.07; 54.7% male; 12.4% Hispanic; 12.2% non-White), we leveraged data from a longitudinal study to examine the transmission of parenting behaviors across two generations and its effects on children's internalizing and externalizing outcomes in the subsequent generation. The results suggested transmission of parenting behaviors, confirmed the role of parenting on children's psychopathology, and provided novel evidence of a direct and indirect role of grandparent's caregiving on children's psychopathology via parenting continuity. These findings may inform interventions addressing continuity of parenting behaviors and their subsequent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilah Silver
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, 11794-2500, USA.
| | - Daneele Thorpe
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, 11794-2500, USA
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, 11794-2500, USA
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13
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Speranza AM, Liotti M, Spoletini I, Fortunato A. Heterotypic and homotypic continuity in psychopathology: a narrative review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1194249. [PMID: 37397301 PMCID: PMC10307982 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1194249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopathology is a process: it unfolds over time and involves several different factors. To extend our knowledge of such process, it is vital to understand the trajectories that lead to developing and maintaining a specific disorder. The construct of continuity appears very useful to this aim. It refers to the consistency, similarity, and predictability of behaviors or internal states across different developmental phases. This paper aims to present a narrative review of the literature on homotypic and heterotypic continuity of psychopathology across the lifespan. A detailed search of the published literature was conducted using the PsycINFO Record and Medline (PubMed) databases. Articles were included in the review based on the following criteria: (1) publication dates ranging from January 1970 to October 2022; and (2) articles being written in the English language. To ensure a thorough investigation, multiple combinations of keywords such as "continuity," "psychopathology," "infancy," "childhood," "adolescence," "adulthood," "homotypic," and "heterotypic" were used. Articles were excluded if exclusively focused on epidemiologic data and if not specifically addressing the topic of psychopathology continuity. The literature yielded a total of 36 longitudinal studies and an additional 190 articles, spanning the research published between 1970 and 2022. Studies on continuity focus on the etiology of different forms of mental disorders and may represent a fundamental resource from both a theoretical and clinical perspective. Enhancing our understanding of the different trajectories beneath psychopathology may allow clinicians to implement more effective strategies, focusing both on prevention and intervention. Since literature highlights the importance of early detection of clinical signs of psychopathology, future research should focus more on infancy and pre-scholar age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Speranza
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Liotti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Spoletini
- Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandro Fortunato
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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Conley MI, Hernandez J, Salvati JM, Gee DG, Baskin-Sommers A. The role of perceived threats on mental health, social, and neurocognitive youth outcomes: A multicontextual, person-centered approach. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:689-710. [PMID: 35232507 PMCID: PMC9437149 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100184x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Perceived threat in youth's environments can elevate risk for mental health, social, and neurocognitive difficulties throughout the lifespan. However, few studies examine variability in youth's perceptions of threat across multiple contexts or evaluate outcomes across multiple domains, ultimately limiting our understanding of specific risks associated with perceived threats in different contexts. This study examined associations between perceived threat in youth's neighborhood, school, and family contexts at ages 9-10 and mental health, social, and neurocognitive outcomes at ages 11-12 within a large US cohort (N = 5525) enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct profiles: Low Threat in all contexts, Elevated Family Threat, Elevated Neighborhood Threat, and Elevated Threat in all contexts. Mixed-effect models and post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that youth in Elevated Threat profile had poorer mental health and social outcomes 2 years later. Youth in the Elevated Family Threat profile uniquely showed increased disruptive behavior symptoms, whereas youth in the Elevated Neighborhood Threat profile predominantly displayed increased sleep problems and worse neurocognitive outcomes 2 years later. Together, findings highlight the importance of considering perceptions of threat across multiple contexts to achieve a more nuanced developmental picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- May I. Conley
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | | | - Joeann M. Salvati
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dylan G. Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,
USA
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15
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Dahl CM, Bauer MJ, Kroupina M. DC: 0-5 system in clinical assessment with specialty pediatric populations. Infant Ment Health J 2023; 44:372-386. [PMID: 36857410 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood mental health (ECMH) programs provide an opportunity to provide specialized mental health services to vulnerable young children and connect them with necessary evidence-based early intervention. However, there is a paucity of descriptive and explorative studies of the clinic protocols in the literature. Even within published work, there is a lack of standardization in clinical models and diagnostic systems limiting comparison and extrapolation. This paper describes how the DC: 0-5 framework guides the development of the model for an ECMH clinic embedded in the context of academic pediatrics. It also highlights the opportunity the DC 0-5 presents for developing the standardized protocols and a mechanism for standardized data collection in clinical settings. The paper demonstrates the utility of using the DC 0-5 in protocol development, assessment and data collection the mental health assessments of 87 children ages 0-6 were reviewed to gather information on history, presenting problems, parent-child relationship, and mental health diagnoses. This paper and associated data underscore the utility and necessity of ECMH clinics while identifying challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Dahl
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maya J Bauer
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Kroupina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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16
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Costantini I, Sallis H, Tilling K, Major‐Smith D, Pearson RM, Kounali D. Childhood trajectories of internalising and externalising problems associated with a polygenic risk score for neuroticism in a UK birth cohort study. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12141. [PMID: 37431323 PMCID: PMC10241477 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroticism represents a personality disposition towards experiencing negative emotions more frequently and intensely. Longitudinal studies suggest that neuroticism increases risk of several psychological problems. Improved understanding of how this trait manifests in early life could help inform preventative strategies in those liable to neuroticism. Methods This study explored how a polygenic risk score for neuroticism (NEU PRS) is expressed from infancy to late childhood across various psychological outcomes using multivariable linear and ordinal regression models. In addition, we employed a three-level mixed-effect model to characterise child internalising and externalising trajectories and estimate how a child PRS associated with both their overall levels and rates of change in 5279 children aged 3-11 in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Results We found evidence that the NEU PRS was associated with a more emotionally sensitive temperament in early infancy in addition to higher emotional and behavioural problems and a higher risk of meeting diagnostic criteria for a variety of clinical disorders, particularly anxiety disorders, in childhood. The NEU PRS was associated with overall levels of internalising and externalising trajectories, with a larger magnitude of association on the internalising trajectory. The PRS was also associated with slower rates of reduction of internalising problems across childhood. Conclusions Our findings using a large, well-characterised birth cohort study suggest that phenotypic manifestations of a PRS for adult neuroticism can be detected as early as in infancy and that this PRS associates with several mental health problems and differences in emotional trajectories across childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Costantini
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Hannah Sallis
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Kate Tilling
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Daniel Major‐Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Centre for Academic Child HealthBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Rebecca M. Pearson
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of PsychologyManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Daphne‐Zacharenia Kounali
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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17
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Sáez-Suanes GP, García-Villamisar D, Pozo Armentia AD. Does the gender matter?: Anxiety symptoms and emotion dysregulation in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities. Autism Res 2023; 16:113-121. [PMID: 36271821 PMCID: PMC10092007 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Research shows high rates of anxious symptoms in people autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Finding factors related to the development of anxiety in ASD is necessary. Emotion regulation (ER) is associated with anxiety in ASD. Moreover, some studies find higher rates of anxiety in women with ASD. A total of 121 adults (M = 35.46 years, SD = 9.46) with ASD and intellectual disabilities were evaluated to verify moderating role of gender and mediating role of ER. A moderated mediation analysis supported the moderated role of gender in the relationship mediated by emotional dysregulation between ASD and anxiety. These findings suggest that interventions designed to prevent or reduce anxiety symptoms in women with ASD should include among their goals emotional regulation. LAY SUMMARY: If we want to reduce or prevent anxiety symptoms in women with ASD we must work on emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema P Sáez-Suanes
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo García-Villamisar
- Departmental Unit of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Del Pozo Armentia
- Departmental Unit of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Dijk WV, de Moor MHM, Oosterman M, Huizink AC, Matvienko-Sikar K. Longitudinal relations between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors: Testing within-person changes, bidirectionality and mediating mechanisms. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:942363. [PMID: 36590923 PMCID: PMC9800797 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.942363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parenthood can be experienced as a pleasant but challenging period for parents, possibly accompanied by parenting stress. Early parenthood in particular is a vulnerable period as many parents experience biological and psychosocial changes related to new parenthood. Previous studies have shown that parenting stress is related to child behavior problems, but few studies have investigated the transactional relations across time between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing outcomes separately, examining within-person changes. The first aim of this study was to examine the transactional within-person associations of parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems across childhood from age 9 months to 9 years. As a second aim, we examined parenting as a possible underlying mechanism of the transactional associations by testing whether parental warmth and hostility mediate within-person associations of parenting stress and child behavior across time. Method Data were analyzed from the Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal child cohort study including 7,208 caregiver-child dyads at wave 1 (child's age 9 months), who were followed at child's age three (wave 2), five (wave 3), and 9 years (wave 5). Primary caregiver's and child's age and gender, household income, occupational status, educational status, partner status, and cultural background were covariates assessed at all waves. Data were analyzed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) in R-lavaan. Results Bidirectional relations between parenting stress and child behavior were found for both internalizing and externalizing behavior from age 5 to 9, but not for earlier time points. Discussion Our results did not indicate mediating effects of parental warmth or parental hostility in the associations between parenting stress and child behavior problems. Therefore, we conclude that parenting stress and child internalizing as well as parenting stress and child externalizing behaviors have transactional associations from child's age 5 to 9 years. Future research examining transactional associations of parenting stress and child behaviors should investigate possible other mediations taking a within-person approach by utilizing the RI-CLPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke Van Dijk
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marleen H. M. de Moor
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Oosterman
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anja C. Huizink
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Keskin G, Lougheed JP, Duncan R. Within‐ and between‐person associations among internalizing and externalizing problems during middle childhood. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Keskin
- Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Okanagan Kelowna Canada
| | - Jessica P. Lougheed
- Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Okanagan Kelowna Canada
| | - Robert Duncan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies and Department of Public Health, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
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20
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Stewart SL, Lapshina N, Semovski V, Usova A. Age, Sex and Relationship Strengths: Internalizing Symptom Differences in Children and Youth Within a Clinical Sample. JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY = JOURNAL DE L'ACADEMIE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANT ET DE L'ADOLESCENT 2022; 31:189-201. [PMID: 36425015 PMCID: PMC9661912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing problems such as depression, anxiety and anhedonia are particularly problematic due to their covert nature. Due to their deleterious effects on psychological well-being, social connection and education, it is important to understand the development of internalizing problems and their unique contributors. OBJECTIVES Examine whether internalizing symptoms vary by (i) age, and (ii) sex, and whether (iii) relationship strengths are associated with sex and internalizing symptoms. METHOD Using a polynomial model with Tweedie distribution with log link, this study examined relationships for 18,701 clinically referred children and adolescents between 4 and 18 years of age assessed using the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health assessment. RESULTS Internalizing symptoms reported by children and adolescents varied by age and sex. Sex differences in internalizing symptoms became prominent after about six years of age with female adolescents reporting higher levels when compared to male peers. An increase in relationship strengths corresponded with a decrease in internalizing symptoms for both sexes. However, the pattern depended on sex. In our sample, females required a greater number of relationship strengths to observe a decrease in internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The current study illustrates a difference in internalizing symptoms between females and males with respect to age and relationship strengths. The results may have implications for prevention and intervention strategies geared towards internalizing symptoms for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Stewart
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Natalia Lapshina
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Valbona Semovski
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Anastasiia Usova
- Department of Dynamical Systems, N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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21
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Hennessy A, Seguin D, Correa S, Wang J, Martinez-Trujillo JC, Nicolson R, Duerden EG. Anxiety in children and youth with autism spectrum disorder and the association with amygdala subnuclei structure. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 27:1053-1067. [PMID: 36278283 PMCID: PMC10108338 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221127512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is clinically characterized by social and communication difficulties as well as repetitive behaviors. Many children with ASD also suffer from anxiety, which has been associated with alterations in amygdala structure. In this work, the association between amygdala subnuclei volumes and anxiety was assessed in a cohort of 234 participants (mean age = 11.0 years, SD = 3.9, 95 children with ASD, 139 children were non-autistic). Children underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Amygdala subnuclei volumes were extracted automatically. Anxiety was assessed using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Children with ASD had higher anxiety scores relative to non-autistic children on all anxiety measures (all, p < 0.05). Anxiety levels were significantly predicted in children with ASD by right basal (right: B = 0.235, p = 0.002) and paralaminar (PL) (B = −0.99, p = 0.009) volumes. Basal nuclei receive multisensory information from cortical and subcortical areas and have extensive projections within the limbic system while the PL nuclei are involved in emotional processing. Alterations in basal and PL nuclei in children with ASD and the association with anxiety may reflect morphological changes related to in the neurocircuitry of anxiety in ASD. Lay abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is clinically characterized by social communication difficulties as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. In addition, children with ASD are more likely to experience anxiety compared with their peers who do not have ASD. Recent studies suggest that atypical amygdala structure, a brain region involved in emotions, may be related to anxiety in children with ASD. However, the amygdala is a complex structure composed of heterogeneous subnuclei, and few studies to date have focused on how amygdala subnuclei relate to in anxiety in this population. The current sample consisted of 95 children with ASD and 139 non-autistic children, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assessments for anxiety. The amygdala volumes were automatically segmented. Results indicated that children with ASD had elevated anxiety scores relative to peers without ASD. Larger basal volumes predicted greater anxiety in children with ASD, and this association was not seen in non-autistic children. Findings converge with previous literature suggesting ASD children suffer from higher levels of anxiety than non-autistic children, which may have important implications in treatment and interventions. Our results suggest that volumetric estimation of amygdala’s subregions in MRI may reveal specific anxiety-related associations in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma G Duerden
- Western University, Canada
- The University of Western Ontario, Canada
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22
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Viswanathan M, Wallace IF, Cook Middleton J, Kennedy SM, McKeeman J, Hudson K, Rains C, Vander Schaaf EB, Kahwati L. Screening for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2022; 328:1445-1455. [PMID: 36219404 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.16303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Anxiety in children and adolescents is associated with impaired functioning, educational underachievement, and future mental health conditions. Objective To review the evidence on screening for anxiety in children and adolescents to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and trial registries through July 19, 2021; references, experts, and surveillance through June 1, 2022. Study Selection English-language, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of screening; diagnostic test accuracy studies; RCTs of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or US Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy; RCTs, observational studies, and systematic reviews reporting harms. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers assessed titles/abstracts, full-text articles, and study quality and extracted data; when at least 3 similar studies were available, meta-analyses were conducted. Main Outcomes and Measures Test accuracy, symptoms, response, remission, loss of diagnosis, all-cause mortality, functioning, suicide-related symptoms or events, adverse events. Results Thirty-nine studies (N = 6065) were included. No study reported on the direct benefits or harms of screening on health outcomes. Ten studies (n = 3260) reported the sensitivity of screening instruments, ranging from 0.34 to 1.00, with specificity ranging from 0.47 to 0.99. Twenty-nine RCTs (n = 2805) reported on treatment: 22 on CBT, 6 on pharmacotherapy, and 1 on CBT, sertraline, and CBT plus sertraline. CBT was associated with gains on several pooled measures of symptom improvement (magnitude of change varied by outcome measure), response (pooled relative risk [RR], 1.89 [95% CI, 1.17 to 3.05]; n = 606; 6 studies), remission (RR, 2.68 [95% CI, 1.48 to 4.88]; n = 321; 4 studies), and loss of diagnosis (RR range, 3.02-3.09) when compared with usual care or wait-list controls. The evidence on functioning for CBT was mixed. Pharmacotherapy, when compared with placebo, was associated with gains on 2 pooled measures of symptom improvement-mean difference (Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale mean difference, -4.0 [95% CI, -5.5 to -2.5]; n = 726; 5 studies; and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale mean difference, -0.84 [95% CI, -1.13 to -0.55]; n = 550; 4 studies) and response (RR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.58 to 2.98]; n = 370; 5 studies)-but was mixed on measures of functioning. Eleven RCTs (n = 1293) reported harms of anxiety treatments. Suicide-related harms were rare, and the differences were not statistically significantly different. Conclusions and Relevance Indirect evidence suggested that some screening instruments were reasonably accurate. CBT and pharmacotherapy were associated with benefits; no statistically significant association with harms was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Viswanathan
- RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Ina F Wallace
- RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer Cook Middleton
- RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Sara M Kennedy
- RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Joni McKeeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kesha Hudson
- RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Caroline Rains
- RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Emily B Vander Schaaf
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Leila Kahwati
- RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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23
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Mangione CM, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, Cabana M, Coker TR, Davidson KW, Davis EM, Donahue KE, Jaén CR, Kubik M, Li L, Ogedegbe G, Pbert L, Ruiz JM, Silverstein M, Stevermer J, Wong JB. Screening for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 2022; 328:1438-1444. [PMID: 36219403 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.16936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Anxiety disorder, a common mental health condition in the US, comprises a group of related conditions characterized by excessive fear or worry that present as emotional and physical symptoms. The 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health found that 7.8% of children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years had a current anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence are associated with an increased likelihood of a future anxiety disorder or depression. OBJECTIVE The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. This is a new recommendation. POPULATION Children and adolescents 18 years or younger who do not have a diagnosed anxiety disorder or are not showing recognized signs or symptoms of anxiety. EVIDENCE ASSESSMENT The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for anxiety in children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years has a moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient on screening for anxiety in children 7 years or younger. RECOMMENDATION The USPSTF recommends screening for anxiety in children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for anxiety in children 7 years or younger. (I statement).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karina W Davidson
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Esa M Davis
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Li Li
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | - Lori Pbert
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester
| | | | | | | | - John B Wong
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Relationship between parental negative family expressiveness and internalizing problems among adolescents: mediating roles of emotional clarity and emotion dysregulation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Giles-Kaye A, Quach J, Oberklaid F, O’Connor M, Darling S, Dawson G, Connolly AS. Supporting children's mental health in primary schools: a qualitative exploration of educator perspectives. AUSTRALIAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER 2022; 50:1-21. [PMID: 35996387 PMCID: PMC9385420 DOI: 10.1007/s13384-022-00558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Schools are often seen as a key setting for the provision of mental health support for children. This study aimed to explore the professional perspectives of primary school educators in Victoria, Australia, regarding how schools can support the mental health of their students. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 17 primary school educators, from four schools. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes from the data. This study indicates that educators report significant concerns about the complexities of their role and their capacity to support children's mental health due to a lack of resources, overwhelming demands, and inadequate training. Educators highlighted the importance of partnership and communication with families and of a school culture that prioritises mental health. This study provides insights into external factors that can undermine effective support of children's mental health within primary schools and indicates a need for a more integrated approach to supporting children's mental health across education and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Giles-Kaye
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, RoyalMelbourne, VIC Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon Quach
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, RoyalMelbourne, VIC Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank Oberklaid
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, RoyalMelbourne, VIC Australia
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Meredith O’Connor
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, RoyalMelbourne, VIC Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone Darling
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, RoyalMelbourne, VIC Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgia Dawson
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, RoyalMelbourne, VIC Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ann-Siobhan Connolly
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, RoyalMelbourne, VIC Australia
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Smith CG, Jones EJH, Wass SV, Pasco G, Johnson MH, Charman T, Wan MW. Infant Effortful Control Mediates Relations Between Nondirective Parenting and Internalising-Related Child Behaviours in an Autism-Enriched Infant Cohort. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:3496-3511. [PMID: 34448110 PMCID: PMC9296408 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Internalising problems are common within Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); early intervention to support those with emerging signs may be warranted. One promising signal lies in how individual differences in temperament are shaped by parenting. Our longitudinal study of infants with and without an older sibling with ASD investigated how parenting associates with infant behavioural inhibition (8-14 months) and later effortful control (24 months) in relation to 3-year internalising symptoms. Mediation analyses suggest nondirective parenting (8 months) was related to fewer internalising problems through an increase in effortful control. Parenting did not moderate the stable predictive relation of behavioural inhibition on later internalising. We discuss the potential for parenting to strengthen protective factors against internalising in infants from an ASD-enriched cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Smith
- Henry Wellcome Building, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - E J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - S V Wass
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - G Pasco
- Henry Wellcome Building, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - M H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Charman
- Henry Wellcome Building, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - M W Wan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Loftness BC, Halvorson-Phelan J, O'Leary A, Cheney N, McGinnis EW, McGinnis RS. UVM KID Study: Identifying Multimodal Features and Optimizing Wearable Instrumentation to Detect Child Anxiety. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:1141-1144. [PMID: 36085630 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression, collectively known as internalizing disorders, begin as early as the preschool years and impact nearly 1 out of every 5 children. Left undiagnosed and untreated, childhood internalizing disorders predict later health problems including substance abuse, development of comorbid psychopathology, increased risk for suicide, and substantial functional impairment. Current diagnostic procedures require access to clinical experts, take considerable time to complete, and inherently assume that child symptoms are observable by caregivers. Multi-modal wearable sensors may enable development of rapid point-of-care diagnostics that address these challenges. Building on our prior work, here we present an assessment battery for the development of a digital phenotype for internalizing disorders in young children and an early feasibility case study of multi-modal wearable sensor data from two participants, one of whom has been clinically diagnosed with an internalizing disorder. Results lend support that sacral movement responses and R-R interval during a short stress-induction task may facilitate child diagnosis. Multi-modal sensors measuring movement and surface biopotentials of the chest and trapezius are also shown to have significant redundancy, introducing the potential for sensor optimization moving forward. Future work aims to further optimize sensor placement, signals, features, and assessments to enable deployment in clinical practice. Clinical Relevance- This work considers the development and optimization of technologies for improving the identification of children with internalizing disorders.
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Walker CJ, Williams CD, Winter M, Everhart R. African American Children's Racial Discrimination Experiences and Mental Health. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 31:1621-1629. [PMID: 37388712 PMCID: PMC10309156 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined how African American children's experiences of perceived personal racial discrimination and perceived vicarious racial discrimination were linked with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and whether there were significant sex differences in these relations. The sample included 73 African American children (48% male), ranging from 7 to 12 years of age (M = 8.82, SD = 2.06). Models specified children's personal discrimination and vicarious discrimination as predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Nested model comparisons were also used to examine whether associations varied as a function of children's sex. The current study hypothesized that both forms of discrimination would be associated with greater anxiety and depressive symptoms. Findings indicated that children's personal racial discrimination significantly predicted greater child anxiety symptoms for both boys and girls. No significant sex differences emerged. Neither personal nor vicarious discrimination significantly predicted depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight that racialized experiences occur early in childhood and have important implications for children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Walker
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University; 806 W. Franklin St. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284 USA
| | - Chelsea Derlan Williams
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University; 806 W. Franklin St. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284 USA
| | - Marcia Winter
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University; 806 W. Franklin St. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284 USA
| | - Robin Everhart
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University; 806 W. Franklin St. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284 USA
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29
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Sichel CE, Javdani S, Yi J. Perceiving fairness in an unfair world: System justification and the mental health of girls in detention facilities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 69:451-462. [PMID: 34694007 PMCID: PMC9249033 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psychologists in the helping professions have long accepted the idea that cognitions have implications for mental health and wellbeing. Community psychologists have further established the importance of context and systems in the etiology of mental health problems. In this paper, we argue that as a discipline that prioritizes social justice, community psychology should consider associations between cognitions about structural and systemic inequality and individual mental health, particularly in marginalized populations. As one illustration of this argument and its complexities, we asked if and to what degree mental health was concurrently associated with adolescents' beliefs in societal fairness (i.e., system-justifying beliefs), attending to gender differences. Our findings were informed by a sample of 196 adolescents residing in detention facilities (49.50% girls; 51.75% Black/Caribbean, 21.68% multiracial; 15.38% Hispanic/Latine; 27.98% LGBTQ+). These youth represent an understudied group in the research literature addressing fairness beliefs and their influence on wellness. Results suggested that boys were more likely to endorse societal fairness compared to girls, but these beliefs were unrelated to their mental health. However, we found a significant gender moderation such that girls who perceived society to be fair reported lower levels of internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. We discuss implications for theory, research, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corianna E. Sichel
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shabnam Javdani
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jacqueline Yi
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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Studts CR, Jacobs JA, Bush ML, Lowman J, Creel LM, Westgate PM. Study Protocol: Type 1 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial of a Behavioral Parent Training Intervention for Parents of Young Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:1163-1178. [PMID: 35316091 PMCID: PMC9567338 DOI: 10.1044/2022_ajslp-21-00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and who use hearing aids or cochlear implants are more likely than their peers with typical hearing to exhibit behavior problems. Although multiple evidence-based interventions for child behavior problems exist, they are rarely delivered to children who are DHH, and no rigorous randomized controlled trials have been conducted to determine their effects with this population. This protocol describes a study aiming to test the effectiveness of an evidence-based behavioral parent training intervention adapted for parents of young children who are DHH and simultaneously to assess key implementation outcomes and multilevel contextual factors influencing implementation. METHOD The protocol for a Type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of a behavioral parent training intervention for parents of young children who are DHH is presented, including details of the study design, participants, assessments, and analyses. Using a stakeholder-engaged, mixed-methods approach, we will test the effects of the intervention versus treatment as usual on parenting behaviors, child behaviors, and a range of secondary effectiveness outcomes, including adherence to using hearing aids and cochlear implants as well as measures of child speech and language. We will assess the acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, and costs of the intervention from the perspectives of peer coaches who deliver the intervention, hearing health care clinicians (including audiologists and speech-language pathologists), and administrators of programs serving young children who are DHH. CONCLUSIONS Results of this trial will inform future efforts to close the gap between prevalence of behavioral problems in young children who are DHH and access to and use of evidence-based interventions to prevent and treat them. If effective, this intervention could be widely implemented using strategies informed by the findings of this study to benefit young children who are DHH and followed in hearing health care and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R. Studts
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Julie A. Jacobs
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Matthew L. Bush
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Joneen Lowman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Liza M. Creel
- Department of Health Management and Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, KY
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31
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Negative emotionality as a candidate mediating mechanism linking prenatal maternal mood problems and offspring internalizing behaviour. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 35:604-618. [PMID: 35440354 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Negative emotionality (NE) was evaluated as a candidate mechanism linking prenatal maternal affective symptoms and offspring internalizing problems during the preschool/early school age period. The participants were 335 mother-infant dyads from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment project. A Confirmatory Bifactor Analysis (CFA) based on self-report measures of prenatal depression and pregnancy-specific anxiety generated a general factor representing overlapping symptoms of prenatal maternal psychopathology and four distinct symptom factors representing pregnancy-specific anxiety, negative affect, anhedonia and somatization. NE was rated by the mother at 18 and 36 months. CFA based on measures of father, mother, child-rated measures and a semistructured interview generated a general internalizing factor representing overlapping symptoms of child internalizing psychopathology accounting for the unique contribution of each informant. Path analyses revealed significant relationships among the general maternal affective psychopathology, the pregnancy- specific anxiety, and the child internalizing factors. Child NE mediated only the relationship between pregnancy-specific anxiety and the child internalizing factors. We highlighted the conditions in which prenatal maternal affective symptoms predicts child internalizing problems emerging early in development, including consideration of different mechanistic pathways for different maternal prenatal symptom presentations and child temperament.
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32
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Price NN, Kiel EJ. Longitudinal Links among Mother and Child Emotion Regulation, Maternal Emotion Socialization, and Child Anxiety. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:241-254. [PMID: 33821371 PMCID: PMC9218853 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Models of transdiagnostic family emotion processes recognize parents' emotion-related characteristics and behaviors as key contributors to child emotional development and psychological functioning. One such psychological outcome, child anxiety, is prevalent and early emerging, underscoring the importance of identifying early family- and emotion-related mechanisms involved in anxiety risk. We investigated the extent to which mother and child emotion-related traits and behaviors related to child anxiety in a community sample of 175 mother-child dyads. Using three time-points (child ages 2-4 years, assessments 1 year apart), we examined how mothers' emotion dysregulation predicted their emotion socialization practices (either supportive or non-supportive) and children's emotion regulation (ER; either attention- or caregiver-focused) over time, in relation to later child anxiety. Models controlled for child inhibited temperament and also tested the role of maternal anxiety in these trajectories. Mothers reported on their emotion dysregulation, emotion socialization, and their own and their child's anxiety, whereas child ER and inhibited temperament were measured using laboratory observation. In supportive emotion socialization models, maternal emotion dysregulation predicted child anxiety 2 years later. An indirect effect emerged, such that greater maternal emotion dysregulation predicted greater non-supportive emotion socialization, which in turn related to children's greater caregiver-focused ER. Maternal emotion dysregulation, maternal anxiety, and child inhibited temperament each predicted child anxiety above and beyond other variables, although their shared variance likely accounted for some of the results. Findings lend partial support to current theoretical models of transdiagnostic family emotion processes and child anxiety development, suggesting promising avenues of future research.
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Parenting Stress and Child Externalizing and Internalizing Problems Among Low-Income Families: Exploring Transactional Associations. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:76-88. [PMID: 33398689 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the association between parenting stress and child behavioral outcomes is well established (Deater-Deckard, Clin Psychol 5:314-332, 1998), longitudinal research examining the direction of these effects is limited. This study examined transactional associations between parenting stress and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors among 1209 low-income female caregivers (Mage = 34.51) with children in early childhood or early adolescence (i.e., either 2- to 5-years-olds or 9- to 15-year-olds at Time 1) across a 6 year time span using three time points. Parent-driven associations between parenting stress and child internalizing problems for the early childhood group were found. In the early adolescent group, transactional and child-driven associations were found between parenting stress and child externalizing problems, but only child-driven associations for internalizing problems. Thus, transactional associations were only supported for the early adolescent group. These findings suggest developmental differences in how parenting stress and child behavioral problems are linked among low-income families. Clinical implications are discussed.
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34
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Urban TH, Jordan N, Martinovich Z, Risser HJ. The Association between Treatment Components and Mental Health Outcomes Among Young Children Exposed to Violence. Yonago Acta Med 2022; 65:278-287. [DOI: 10.33160/yam.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Hosoda Urban
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Neil Jordan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Zoran Martinovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Heather Jill Risser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Universal Screening in Positive School Mental Health Using the ASEBA Methodology for Teachers: A Pilot Epidemiological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211807. [PMID: 34831563 PMCID: PMC8617970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
School-based detection and intervention are critical components in ensuring positive mental health in children, with teachers playing an essential role in assessing students’ well-being. The current research aims to be a pilot epidemiological study on positive school mental health in Malaga, Spain, using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). Data were collected in the COVID-19 pre-pandemic setting, using the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF) and the Teacher Report Form (TRF) in a sample of 420 children, who were between 5 and 8 years old at the time of the data collection. In 5-year-old children, the DSM-oriented scale with the highest clinical prevalence corresponds to attention deficit and hyperactivity problems (1.13%). In this same sub-sample, clinical levels of externalizing problems (4.52%) were non-significantly more common than internalizing conditions (1.69%). As for children between 6 and 8 years old, the DSM-oriented scale with the highest prevalence of clinical scores corresponds to anxiety problems (4.12%) and conduct problems (2.88%). Clinical levels of externalizing problems (9.47%) were non-significantly more prevalent than internalizing problems (6.58%). The results present 95% confidence intervals prevalence data in the general population and sex-differentiated descriptive statistics. The results are discussed according to their implication for school mental health.
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36
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Guo S, Jhe GB. Universal Depression Screening in Schools-Promises and Challenges in Addressing Adolescent Mental Health Need. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2132858. [PMID: 34739068 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Guo
- University of California at Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles
| | - Grace Bai Jhe
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Dagan O, Groh AM, Madigan S, Bernard K. A Lifespan Development Theory of Insecure Attachment and Internalizing Symptoms: Integrating Meta-Analytic Evidence via a Testable Evolutionary Mis/Match Hypothesis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091226. [PMID: 34573246 PMCID: PMC8469853 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment scholars have long argued that insecure attachment patterns are associated with vulnerability to internalizing symptoms, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. However, accumulating evidence from the past four decades, summarized in four large meta-analyses evaluating the link between insecure attachment subtypes and internalizing symptoms, provide divergent evidence for this claim. This divergent evidence may be accounted for, at least in part, by the developmental period under examination. Specifically, children with histories of deactivating (i.e., insecure/avoidant) but not hyperactivating (i.e., insecure/resistant) attachment patterns in infancy and early childhood showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In contrast, adolescents and adults with hyperactivating (i.e., insecure/preoccupied) but not deactivating (i.e., insecure/dismissing) attachment classifications showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In this paper, we summarize findings from four large meta-analyses and highlight the divergent meta-analytic findings that emerge across different developmental periods. We first present several potential methodological issues that may have contributed to these divergent findings. Then, we leverage clinical, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives to propose a testable lifespan development theory of attachment and internalizing symptoms that integrates findings across meta-analyses. According to this theory, subtypes of insecure attachment patterns may be differentially linked to internalizing symptoms depending on their mis/match with the developmentally appropriate orientation tendency toward caregivers (in childhood) or away from them (i.e., toward greater independence in post-childhood). Lastly, we offer future research directions to test this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Dagan
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ashley M. Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada;
| | - Kristin Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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38
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Revisiting the relationship between smartphone use and academic performance: A large-scale study. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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39
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Pali EC, Marshall RL, DiLalla LF. The effects of parenting styles and parental positivity on preschoolers’ self‐perception. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Pali
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale Carbondale Illinois USA
| | | | - Lisabeth Fisher DiLalla
- Family and Community Medicine Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Carbondale Illinois USA
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40
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Morris AR, Bora S, Austin NC, Woodward LJ. Mental health, neurodevelopmental, and family psychosocial profiles of children born very preterm at risk of an early-onset anxiety disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:954-962. [PMID: 33738794 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the mental health and neurodevelopmental profiles of school-age children born very preterm, with and without an anxiety disorder, and to identify neonatal medical, psychosocial, and concurrent neurodevelopmental correlates. METHOD A regional cohort of 102 (51 males, 51 females) children born very preterm (mean [SD] gestation at birth=28wks [2], range=23-31wks) was studied from birth to age 9 years alongside a comparison group of 109 (58 males, 51 females) children born at term (mean [SD] gestation at birth=40wks [1], range=38-41wks). At age 9 years, all children underwent a neurodevelopmental evaluation while parents were interviewed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment to diagnose a range of DSM-IV childhood psychiatric disorders. Detailed information was also available about the children's neonatal medical course and postnatal psychosocial environment, including maternal mental health and parenting. RESULTS At age 9 years, 21% (n=21) of very preterm and 13% (n=14) of term-born children met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder. Clinically-anxious children born very preterm were characterized by higher rates of comorbid mental health (odds ratio [OR]=11.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.8-34.7), social (OR=6.2, 95% CI=2.1-18.4), motor (OR=4.4, 95% CI=1.6-12.2), and cognitive (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.0-7.0) problems than those without an anxiety disorder. Concurrent maternal mental health and child social difficulties were the strongest independent correlates of early-onset child anxiety disorders. INTERPRETATION Children born very preterm who developed an early-onset anxiety disorder were subject to high rates of comorbid problems. Findings highlight the importance of addressing both maternal and child mental health issues to optimize outcomes in this high-risk population. What this paper adds One out of five school-age children born very preterm are likely to meet DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder. Half of these children born very preterm with an early-onset anxiety disorder have comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Other neurodevelopmental correlates of early-onset anxiety disorders include lower cognitive ability, motor problems, and peer social difficulties. Concurrent maternal mental health and child social adjustment problems were the strongest correlates of early-onset anxiety disorder risk among children born very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Morris
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samudragupta Bora
- Mothers, Babies and Women's Health Program, Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola C Austin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lianne J Woodward
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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41
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Yoon Y, Deighton J, Wickersham A, Edbrooke-Childs J, Osborn D, Viding E, Downs J. The role of mental health symptomology and quality of life in predicting referrals to special child and adolescent mental health services. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:366. [PMID: 34301207 PMCID: PMC8299665 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents' mental health problems have been largely assessed with conventional symptom scales, for example, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) given that it is one of the mostly widely used measures in specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). However, this emphasis on symptom scales might have missed some important features of the mental health challenges that children and young people experience including day to day functioning and life satisfaction aspect (i.e. qualify of life). METHOD The study examined longitudinal association between a young person's self-perceptions of quality of life and mental health difficulties and referral to specialist CAMHS service using a population cohort study (Targeted Mental Health in Schools service data) nested within a large-scale linkage between school (National Pupil Data base) and child mental health service administrative data (South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust children and adolescent mental health services health records). Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between participant psychopathology, and incidence of CAMHS referral. RESULTS Pupils experiencing more behavioural difficulties, had an increased incidence of CAMHS referral (adjusted hazard ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.2). However, pupils who reported higher health related quality of life had a lower incidence of CAMHS referral over the follow-up period (adjusted hazard hario 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.9-0.98). CONCLUSION Children and young people's perception of their quality of life should be considered at the stages of a clinical needs assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeosun Yoon
- EBPU (Evidence Based Practice Unit), UCL and Anna Freud Centre, London, UK.
| | - Jessica Deighton
- grid.466510.00000 0004 0423 5990EBPU (Evidence Based Practice Unit), UCL and Anna Freud Centre, London, UK
| | - Alice Wickersham
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Julian Edbrooke-Childs
- grid.466510.00000 0004 0423 5990EBPU (Evidence Based Practice Unit), UCL and Anna Freud Centre, London, UK
| | - David Osborn
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Essi Viding
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Johnny Downs
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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42
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Patel J, Smith R, O'Farrelly C, Iles J, Rosan C, Ryan R, Ramchandani P. Assessing behavior in children aged 12-24 months using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. INFANCY 2021; 26:724-734. [PMID: 34288359 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and emotional problems in infants and toddlers are common, often persist and put children at risk of later mental health problems. Reliable, efficient, and sensitive tools are needed to identify young children who may benefit from further assessment and support. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), offers a brief, convenient means of screening for early problems, however, it lacks psychometric validation in infants. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the SDQ in children aged 12-24 months. Ninety-three participants, with children aged 12-24 months, completed the SDQ and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) online. Concurrent validity of the SDQ was assessed through comparison with the CBCL. The results demonstrated that key subscales of the SDQ and CBCL were significantly correlated (r range= -.19 to -.57). Key SDQ subscales showed moderate reliability (Cronbach's alpha range = .38-.79, mean inter-item correlation range = .06-.43). The SDQ shows promising reliability and validity as a measure for rating the behavior of 12-24-months-old children, particularly for externalizing symptoms. Further research is needed to assess its predictive utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal Patel
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ria Smith
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jane Iles
- Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Rosan
- Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Ryan
- Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Ramchandani
- Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Christner N, Essler S, Hazzam A, Paulus M. Children's psychological well-being and problem behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online study during the lockdown period in Germany. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253473. [PMID: 34161376 PMCID: PMC8221463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 dramatically changes human social life, restrictive lockdown periods to slow the spread of the virus have been suggested to particularly affect the psychological well-being of children and their families. To capture lockdown-related effects on a large scale, the present study used an online questionnaire completed by parents of 3-10-year-olds during the most restrictive lockdown period in Germany thus far (N = 2,672). Parents reported their stress level, their child’s well-being, and their child’s problem behaviors among others. Results showed that most parents and children experienced lockdown-related stress. Concerning children, not being able to meet with friends and family members outside the household emerged as the primary challenge. Older children (7–10 years) evidenced more emotional symptoms as well as less conduct problems and hyperactivity than younger children (3–6 years). Children’s own and their parents’ stress level, the degree to which children missed other children, and children’s age all showed to be negatively related to children’s general life satisfaction. Single parenthood and being an only child were associated with higher levels of child problems. Taken together, these findings shed light on the psychological well-being of children and their families during governmental lockdown measures, as well as on relations between children’s coping and demographic background. They have implications for possible avenues for interventions, inter alia by encouraging policies that facilitate the maintenance of social relationships and focus particularly on children from single parent families, on only children as well as on families in challenging housing situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Christner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Samuel Essler
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Hazzam
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Paulus
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Zee M, Rudasill KM. Catching sight of children with internalizing symptoms in upper elementary classrooms. J Sch Psychol 2021; 87:1-17. [PMID: 34303444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Teachers play a crucial role in the assessment of children's internalizing symptoms but may not always succeed in accurately identifying such symptoms in class. Using a multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) approach, this study aimed to explore teacher and child characteristics that may explain measurement bias in teachers' ratings of internalizing symptoms at the between- and within-teacher level. Upper elementary school teachers (N = 92, 74.9% female) filled out the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Student-Teacher Relationship Scale, and Student-Specific Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale for randomly selected children (N = 690, 50.5% girls, Grades 3-6) from their classrooms. Participating teachers and children also responded to several background questions. Multilevel SEMs suggested that teachers' self-efficacy beliefs toward, relationship experiences with, and externalizing symptom ratings of individual children affected their ratings of these children's internalizing symptoms at the within-teacher level. Specifically, given equal levels of internalizing behavior, teachers were likely to systematically under-identify symptoms of anxiety and over-identify bullying for children with more externalizing behavior and conflictual relationships, or in circumstances where teachers had lower self-efficacy. Children with high levels of closeness received systematically higher ratings on somatic complaints and lower ratings on solitary behavior and peer problems. At the between-teacher level, less experienced teachers were more likely to over-identify symptoms of worries than were more experienced teachers, given equal levels of internalizing symptoms. As such, these findings extend the limited body of evidence on children's internalizing symptoms in upper elementary school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Zee
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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45
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Geographic disparities in new onset of internalizing disorders in Pennsylvania adolescents using electronic health records. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2021; 41:100439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2021.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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46
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Jacques DT, Sturge-Apple ML, Davies PT, Cicchetti D. Parsing alcohol-dependent mothers' insensitivity to child distress: Longitudinal links with children's affective and anxiety problems. Dev Psychol 2021; 57:900-912. [PMID: 34424008 PMCID: PMC8386000 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prior work suggests that substance-dependent mothers insensitively respond to their child's emotional needs, which can increase children's risk for psychopathology. However, the mechanisms and processes underlying these associations remain unclarified. Mothers' insensitivity to children's distress is an especially unique predictor of child maladjustment, yet no study has examined whether or how different types of insensitivity to child distress uniquely affect the development of internalizing problems in children of alcohol-dependent mothers. To bridge these gaps, this study examined longitudinal mediational pathways between maternal alcohol dependence symptoms, 2 types of maternal insensitivity to child distress (disengagement and intrusiveness), and 2 types of child internalizing symptoms (affective and anxiety problems) in a majority Black and Latinx sample of young children (Mage = 2.14 years) and their mothers. Results revealed that maternal disengagement mediated associations between maternal alcohol dependence symptoms and child internalizing problems such that alcohol dependence predicted increased disengagement to children's distress, which subsequently predicted increases in children's affective problems. Maternal alcohol dependence symptoms were not associated with intrusiveness to child distress; however, increased intrusiveness predicted later increases in child anxiety problems. Findings support a differentiated approach to studying maternal insensitivity to child distress, specifically indicating that mothers with alcohol dependence symptoms may be more or less likely to display certain types of insensitivity to child distress which may differentially influence children's risk for internalizing problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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47
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Weiss SJ, Leung C. Maternal depressive symptoms, poverty, and young motherhood increase the odds of early depressive and anxiety disorders for children born prematurely. Infant Ment Health J 2021; 42:586-602. [PMID: 34021614 PMCID: PMC8453766 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Children born preterm, compared to term, are at risk for behavioral problems. However, the prevalence and predictors of internalizing disorders among children born preterm are unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders at 2 years of age among children born preterm and determine the extent to which poverty, maternal depressive symptoms, or young motherhood increase the likelihood of these disorders. Mothers and their infants (N = 105) were recruited from two neonatal intensive care units affiliated with a major U.S. university. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition scale scores from the Preschool Child Behavior Checklist were used to measure primary variables. We examined mothers’ family satisfaction and quality of caregiving as well as children's degree of prematurity, morbidity, gender, cognitive functioning, and motor function as covariates. Fifteen percent of children met criteria for an anxiety disorder and another 15% for depression. Maternal depressive symptoms increased the odds of children developing both anxiety and depression, whereas young motherhood was associated with child anxiety and poverty with child depression. Results indicate the need for mental health assessment of children born preterm during their first 2 years of life and the importance of early therapeutic and tangible support to vulnerable mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J. Weiss
- Department of Community Health SystemsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cherry Leung
- Department of Community Health SystemsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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48
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Vesterling C, Koglin U. Somatoform complaints in middle childhood A developmental path-analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRepeatedly occurring somatoform complaints often cause disruptions in children’s daily life, both in family and school settings. Associated with these complaints, there is an increased demand for medical help in the affected children. Despite the frequent occurrence of somatoform complaints in childhood, only a small number of studies have focused on this subject, and the development and maintenance of somatoform complaints have not sufficiently explained to date. Previous research suggests that many different factors are involved, including insecure attachment, a lack of emotion regulation (ER) strategies, and psychiatric behavior problems. The aim of this study is to examine possible pathways describing the interplay of aforementioned factors, in order to contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. A nonexperimental cross-sectional study was conducted. Questionnaires were completed by 221 children (female n = 115; Mage = 9.70 years, SDage = .56) reporting on their attachment and ER strategies, and their parents reported on the behavior problems and somatoform complaints. Path analysis revealed a good model fit (Χ2 = p .798, Χ2/df = .415, NFI = .994, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = .000). Results revealed that attachment anxiety predicted maladaptive ER strategies, and attachment avoidance predicted emotion control. In turn significant paths were found between ER strategies, behavior problems, and somatoform complaints. This study provides a first insight into the underlying mechanisms describing the occurrence of somatoform complaints. Results revealed two developmental pathways, based on attachment quality and mediated through different emotion regulation strategies.Clinical Trial Registration: The project “Impact factors and conditions of somatoform symptoms in childhood within familial and school contexts” is listed in the German Clinical Trails Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00012444) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.
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Premo JE, Mannella KA, Duval ER, Liu Y, Morrison CL, Moser JS, Muzik M, Rosenblum KL, Fitzgerald KD. Startle to neutral, not negative stimuli: A neurophysiological correlate of behavioral inhibition in young children. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:1322-1329. [PMID: 33782955 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A putative biomarker of anxiety risk, the startle response is typically enhanced by negative compared to neutral emotion modulation in adults, but remains understudied in children. To determine the extent to which neutral, negative, and positively valenced emotional conditions modulate startle response in early life, a child-friendly film paradigm was used to vary emotion across these conditions during startle induction in sixty-four 4- to 7-year-old children. Association of emotion-modulated startle with parent-reported anxiety symptom severity and child behavioral inhibition, a risk factor for anxiety problems, were assessed. Analyses revealed no difference in startle magnitude during negative compared to neutral film clips. By contrast, startle during both negative and neutral conditions was greater than startle during the positive condition. Larger startle magnitude during the neutral condition associated with higher levels of child behavioral inhibition (BI). These results are consistent with possible immaturity of startle response in young children, and suggest that startle amplitude in more emotionally ambiguous, neutral conditions could serve as an early biomarker for anxiety risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Premo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth R Duval
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanni Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claire L Morrison
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jason S Moser
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maria Muzik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kate D Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Building a Predictive Model of Social-Emotional Adjustment: Exploring the Relationship between Parenting Self-Efficacy, Parenting Behaviour and Psychological Distress in Mothers of Young Children in Ireland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062861. [PMID: 33799661 PMCID: PMC7998115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to generate greater understanding of social-emotional difficulties in infants and toddlers in an Irish context. This study compared rates of reported social-emotional difficulties in young children in clinical and non-clinical samples and probed a predictive model of social-emotional adjustment. Data were collected from a cross-sectional sample of 72 mothers of young children aged between 12 and 48 months. Mothers were recruited from waiting lists for child Early Intervention services (clinical sample) and community mother-toddler groups (non-clinical sample). Mothers completed a questionnaire battery which assessed parenting self-efficacy, parenting behaviour, psychological distress and child social-emotional adjustment. The results indicated that 55.5% of young children in the clinical sample and 15% in the non-clinical sample had significant social-emotional problems. Similarly, 55.5% of young children in the clinical sample and 30% in the non-clinical sample had significant delays in the acquisition of social-emotional competencies. Two hierarchical multiple regressions were carried out with social-emotional problems and social-emotional competencies as the respective criterion variables. Clinical or non-clinical group membership, parenting satisfaction and maternal psychological distress were found to be significant predictors of child social-emotional problems in a model which explained 59% of the variance. Task-specific self-efficacy was the only significant predictor of child social-emotional competencies in a model which explained 21% of the variance. The significant rates of social-emotional problems in young children in the current study and the potential negative impact on child health and wellbeing, suggest that the early assessment of social-emotional adjustment should be incorporated into routine clinical assessment for young children. For services to effectively meet the needs of children with social-emotional difficulties and their families, consideration of maternal factors is also necessary.
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