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Lee C, Wong JS. Does "Consent Matter"? An Evaluation of a Sexual Consent Awareness Campaign for College Students. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241280059. [PMID: 39262400 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241280059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Consent, or lack thereof, is paramount in instances of sexual violence among college students. The current study assessed the impact of the Consent Matters campaign on Canadian undergraduate students' (N = 799) attitudes toward sexual consent, perceived behavioral control in obtaining consent, use of indirect methods of obtaining consent, as well as recall of the campaign materials. Results indicate no significant impact of the campaign on student attitudes and beliefs regarding sexual violence and consent but do indicate students hold strongly positive attitudes toward consent. Recommendations for future campaigns and evaluations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey Lee
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Wong
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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2
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Russell PD, Blessing A, Morissette SB. The Indirect Influence of Cannabis Use Disorder Symptoms on PTSD Symptom Severity Through Psychological Inflexibility. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1895-1900. [PMID: 39104206 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2383979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Background: One in five college students (21%) report using cannabis in the past month, and approximately 10% develop cannabis use disorder (CUD). Further, college students have high rates of trauma exposure, and CUD is prospectively linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Given the high rate of co-occurrence, research is needed to understand transdiagnostic, modifiable factors that could account for the relationship between CUD and PTSD. Psychological inflexibility (PI) is one such factor and refers to difficulty adapting thoughts or behaviors to various situations that reflect of one's personal values. Objectives: PI predicts worse PTSD symptom severity and has been established as a maintaining factor between alcohol use and PTSD, albeit no studies have examined this relationship with CUD. Results: College students (N = 336) completed self-report measures of CUD, PI, and PTSD. A cross-sectional mediation model explained 54% of the variance in PTSD symptom severity, F(5, 330) = 78.86, p < .001. After controlling for age, gender, and probable alcohol use disorder, CUD was not directly associated with PTSD symptom severity, yet was indirectly associated with PTSD through higher PI. Specifically, CUD was associated with higher PI (b = 0.31, p < .05, 95% CI [0.07, 0.54]), and higher PI was associated with greater PTSD symptom severity (b = 1.07, p < .001, 95% CI [0.95, 1.19]). Conclusion: Although CUD has been previously linked with worse PTSD symptoms, results suggest that this occurs through PI. Importantly, PI is malleable, and may be an important treatment target for co-occurring CUD and PTSD in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia D Russell
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexis Blessing
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sandra B Morissette
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Shank F, Korovich M, Nicoletti A, Angelone DJ, Jones MC. The Influence of Health-Related Behavior Profiles on College Students' Perceptions of COVID-19 Safety Measures. J Community Health 2024; 49:1-9. [PMID: 38413406 PMCID: PMC11306267 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-024-01342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
College students often engage in multiple health-related behaviors simultaneously which can lead to negative outcomes and further risky behaviors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students reported decreased condom use, increased solitary cannabis use, and increased alcohol consumption. This current study aimed to (1) identify profiles of health-related behaviors (i.e., alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and sexual behaviors), and (2) determine if these profiles would differ in engagement and perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 preventative measures. Participants were 273 college students from a large Northeastern U.S. public university who completed surveys about health-related behaviors during the 2021 academic year. We used a latent profile analysis to identify distinct subgroups of college students based on their engagement in health-related behaviors. Based on fit indices a three-profile solution showed the best fit: low (N = 196), moderate (N = 54), and high (N = 23). Two one-way ANOVAs examined whether profile membership predicted engagement and perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 safety measures. Participants in the low health-related behaviors profile engaged in preventative measures more than students in the other two profiles. However, profile membership did not predict perceived effectiveness of preventative behaviors. Taken together, our results indicate that college students reporting lower levels of health-related behaviors engage in more preventative measures during a pandemic. Understanding distinct health-related behaviors profiles among college students, and their links with COVID-preventative health-related behaviors, can inform prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Shank
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
| | - Megan Korovich
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Alexandra Nicoletti
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - D J Angelone
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Meredith C Jones
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
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4
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Lai YJ, Tsai EY, Jarustanaput P, Wu YS, Chen YH, O’Leary SE, Manachevakul S, Zhang Y, Shen J, Wang Y. Optimism and mental health in college students: the mediating role of sleep quality and stress. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1403146. [PMID: 39081373 PMCID: PMC11286569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective College students showed a high prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression, with medical and nursing students experiencing particularly elevated levels of mental health challenges.Optimism significantly influences overall well-being by promoting a healthy lifestyle and cognitive responses. However, the association of optimism with sleep quality, stress, and mental health in college students remains unexplored. This study aimed to (1) explore the associations of optimism with sleep quality, stress, and mental health and (2) ascertain whether sleep quality and stress mediate the association between optimism and mental health among college students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using online surveys with students from health science majors at a public university in the northeast United States from September to December 2022. A total of 222 students participated in the study, providing data on sociodemographics, optimism, sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. Parallel and serial mediation models were utilized to examine the potential mediating roles of sleep quality and stress in the association between optimism and mental health. Results The study found that optimism influences anxiety and depression through both direct and indirect pathways. In line with predictions, the parallel mediation analysis revealed that the impact of optimism on anxiety (βtotal = -0.598, 95% confident interval [CI]: -0.778 to -0.392) and depression (βtotal = -0.724, 95% CI: -0.919 to -0.519) was mediated by stress and sleep quality. Furthermore, the serial mediation models revealed that stress and sleep quality co-mediated the relationship betweenoptimism and anxiety (indirect effect [IE] = -0.074, 95% CI: -0.135 to -0.029) or depression (IE = -0.084, 95% CI: -0.142 to -0.036) in a sequential manner. Conclusion Optimism was negatively correlated with poor sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. Enhanced optimism was linked to high sleep quality and less stress, anxiety, and depression. These insights emphasize the potential for school-based optimism interventions to improve sleep quality, ameliorate stress-related concerns, and alleviate mental health challenges in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Lai
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - En-Yun Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ploypapus Jarustanaput
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yi-Syuan Wu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hau Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Samantha E. O’Leary
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Sumatchara Manachevakul
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Jiabin Shen
- Department of Psychology, College of Fine Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Psychology, College of Fine Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
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5
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Boye CM, Botor NJB, Tuliao AP, Webb JR. Psychometric evaluation of the Psychache Scale: A multigroup comparison between white and hispanic undergraduate student drinkers. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38976373 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2366965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
With psychache being an integral aspect of suicidal and addictive behavior, there is a need for efficient assessment, including generalizability across various racial and ethnic identities. Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Psychache Scale was conducted in the context of 1537 undergraduate college student drinkers (White = 1,171, Hispanic = 366). The alternative bifactor model was a better solution compared to other competing models suggesting that the Psychache Scale is sufficiently unidimensional. There was sufficient support for measurement invariance, which implies that the scale is measuring the same construct across groups. The Hispanic group had a significantly higher latent mean overall psychache score compared to their counterparts. The association of psychache with various adjustment outcomes was also similar across groups. The measure demonstrated robust properties to capture psychological pain. Additional studies need to be done to examine factors influencing psychache, especially among the Hispanic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort M Boye
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Nephtaly J B Botor
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Antover P Tuliao
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Jon R Webb
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
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Qeadan F, Ross S, Barbeau WA, Madden EF, English K. Suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and self-injury among American Indian, Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian college students in the United States from 2015 to 2019. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2139. [PMID: 39015421 PMCID: PMC11250395 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a major driver of mortality among college students and is the leading cause of death among American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian (AI/AN/NH) young adults. Methods Data on suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and self-injury among AI/AN/NH college students (n = 8103) were analyzed via multivariable logistic regressions employing the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment survey from 2015 to 2019. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were used to assess how opioid misuse may act as a risk or protective factor for suicidality and self-injury. Results Between 2015 and 2019, suicidal ideation was the most prevalent dimension of suicidality affecting AI/AN/NH college students (ranges from 12.69% to 18.35%), followed by self-injury (7.83%-11.41%) and suicide attempt (2.40%-4.10%). AI/AN/NH college students who reported opioid misuse were significantly more likely to experience suicidal ideation (aOR: 1.417; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.154-1.740) and self-injury (aOR: 1.684; 95% CI: 1.341-2.116) than those who did not engage in such behavior. Conclusions We identified opioid misuse as a potential risk factor for suicidal ideation and intentional self-injury among populations of AI/AN/NH college students. Programs seeking to reduce suicide prevalence among Indigenous college students may benefit from the inclusion of evidence-based interventions that prevent and treat issues related to opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Qeadan
- Department of Public Health, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public HealthLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIllinoisUSA
| | - Sydney Ross
- Department of Public Health, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public HealthLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIllinoisUSA
| | - William A. Barbeau
- Department of Public Health, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public HealthLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIllinoisUSA
| | - Erin F. Madden
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Kevin English
- Albuquerque Area Southwest Tribal Epidemiology CenterAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
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7
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Arslan G. Psychological maltreatment and substance use among college students: Psychological distress, belongingness, and social support. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024; 23:426-449. [PMID: 36129727 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2122098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Substance use in college students is an important public health problem associated with substantial consequences. It is a critical step to examine risk and protective factors associated with substance use to develop prevention and intervention strategies for promoting college students' healthy development and well-being. The present cross-sectional study aimed to examine the mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and substance use and the moderating effect of social support and belongingness in this association among college students. The sample of this cross-sectional study included 382 emerging adults. Participants included 56.8% female and 43.2% male, and they ranged in age between 20 and 29 years (M = 22.05, SD = 2.17). Findings from the study first confirmed that psychological maltreatment was a significant predictor of social support, belongingness, psychological distress, and substance use. Subsequent results revealed that psychological distress mediated the association between psychological maltreatment and college students' substance use. Also, belongingness and social support had a buffering effect on this association. The findings suggest that psychological maltreatment is a significant risk factor in developing substance use behavior and that belongingness and social support services can serve as protective resources. Based on these results, prevention and intervention services focusing on improving the feeling of belonging and social support could be conducive to the decreased substance use of psychologically maltreated emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Arslan G, Uzun K, Güven AZ, Gürsu O. Psychological flexibility, self-compassion, subjective well-being, and substance misuse in college students: a serial mediation model. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38923909 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2366981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Substance misuse is a pressing public health concern, especially among emerging adults, with implications for psychological health and overall well-being. This cross-sectional study investigates the mediating roles of self-compassion and subjective well-being in the relationship between psychological flexibility and substance misuse among Turkish college students. The study included 445 emerging adults enrolled at a state university in Türkiye. University participants were recruited via convenience sampling using snowball methods. Data were collected using self-report scales. The sample was 69% female (n = 307) and 31% male (n = 138) and ranged in age from 18 to 26 years (M = 20.85, SD = 1.35). In the study, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between the variables and then the serial mediation model was tested. The findings have revealed that psychological flexibility significantly predicts substance misuse, subjective well-being, and self-compassion. Additionally, the study identifies self-compassion as a mediator in the relationship between psychological flexibility and subjective well-being. While self-compassion contributes significantly to well-being, it does not explain the impact of psychological flexibility on substance misuse. Furthermore, subjective well-being also appears to be a mediator in the relationship between psychological flexibility and substance misuse, emphasizing its potential significance in reducing the likelihood of resorting substance misuse. Overall, the study contributes to understanding the pivotal role of self-compassion and psychological flexibility in fostering well-being and preventing substance misuse in the college setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Orhan Gürsu
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
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Raimundi MJ, Celsi I, Pérez-Gaido M, Schmidt V, Castillo I, Alvarez O. Engagement in Youth Athletes as a Positive Experience in Sport: Implications of Gender, Age, and Competitive Level. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1597-1613. [PMID: 38921072 PMCID: PMC11202957 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine athlete engagement and its relationships with indicators of the quality of the athlete's sport experience, exploring potential differences according to gender, age, and competitive level. Furthermore, this study validated the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) in young athletes and confirmed its factor structure. A total of 1188 athletes (43.90% girls) from Argentina participated in the study, with a mean age of 15.92 (SD = 2.50). The participants completed the AEQ along with other measures of athletes' quality of experience, such as motivation, enjoyment, and burnout. This study confirmed the multidimensional nature of engagement, showing positive associations with high-quality athlete experiences and revalidating the inverse relationship with burnout. Moreover, the study found differences in engagement dimensions (i.e., confidence, vigor, dedication, and enthusiasm) based on the interplay of gender, age, and competitive level. In general, male athletes, younger athletes, and those with a higher competitive level showed more engagement and interactions between these sociodemographic variables. The Argentinian version of AEQ exhibited optimal fit and reliability and good indexes of measurement invariance across gender, age, and competitive level. These findings validate the AEQ as a reliable tool for evaluating sport engagement among adolescents in Argentina. Engagement constitutes an indicator of an optimal experience linked to positive youth development through sports participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Raimundi
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (I.C.); (M.P.-G.); (V.S.)
- Institute of Basic, Applied and Technological Psychology (IPSIBAT), National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata B7603ETK, Argentina
- Faculty of Psychology and Human Relations, Interamerican Open University (UAI), Buenos Aires C1147AAU, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Celsi
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (I.C.); (M.P.-G.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute, Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1052AAA, Argentina
| | - Mauro Pérez-Gaido
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (I.C.); (M.P.-G.); (V.S.)
- Department of Health and Social Security, National University of Tres de Febrero, Buenos Aires C1062AB0, Argentina
| | - Vanina Schmidt
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (I.C.); (M.P.-G.); (V.S.)
- Faculty of Psychology and Human Relations, Interamerican Open University (UAI), Buenos Aires C1147AAU, Argentina
- Research Institute, Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1052AAA, Argentina
| | - Isabel Castillo
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Octavio Alvarez
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Kava CM, Watkins SL, Gilbert PA, Villhauer TJ, Welter TL, Afifi RA. E-cigarettes in college: Associations between mental health and e-cigarette use with other substances. Tob Prev Cessat 2024; 10:TPC-10-24. [PMID: 38828438 PMCID: PMC11141061 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/188712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION College students are a priority population for substance use prevention, and other studies have reported associations between mental health and e-cigarette use. This study described the association of mental health to e-cigarette and other substance use (ECIG+ use) among US college students. METHODS We used Fall 2018 and Spring 2019 National College Health Assessment data among undergraduate students aged 18-24 years (n=55654) at 138 institutions. We characterized substance use patterns and used multinomial regression to model adjusted odds of past 30-day ECIG use type [no substance use (reference); sole e-cigarette use; e-cigarette use and other substance use (ECIG+ use); no e-cigarette use but other substance use] by mental health characteristics, past 12-month diagnosis/treatment and psychological distress, individual characteristics, and college characteristics. RESULTS Alcohol was the most prevalent substance (58%) used, followed by cannabis (23%) and e-cigarettes (15%). Nearly all (95%) students who used e-cigarettes reported using another substance. Adjusted odds of ECIG+ use (vs no substance use) were higher among students with past 12-month mental health diagnosis/treatment (AOR=1.5; 95% CI: 1.4-1.6) and higher psychological distress (AOR=1.1; 95% CI: 1.1-1.2). Other characteristics significantly associated with ECIG+ use included gender identity, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, self-rated health, year in school, cumulative grade average, fraternity/sorority membership, and current residence. CONCLUSIONS Most students who used e-cigarettes also reported other substance use, and this pattern of use was associated with poorer mental health outcomes than no substance use. Clarifying the relationship between mental health and ECIG+ use may enhance health interventions for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Kava
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, United States
| | - Shannon L. Watkins
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, United States
| | - Paul A. Gilbert
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, United States
| | - Tanya J. Villhauer
- The Office of the Dean of Students, University of Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union, Iowa City, United States
| | | | - Rima A. Afifi
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, United States
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11
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Peters C, Doering J. Characteristics of background check findings in nursing students. J Prof Nurs 2024; 52:86-93. [PMID: 38777531 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Background checks are used in nursing education to assess public risk. To date, no study has described the most common and most serious findings in nursing students. PURPOSE Our study describes the most common and most serious characteristics of BGC findings in nursing students attending large universities. METHOD Our retrospective study describes characteristics of aggregated, de-identified background check data from a convenience sample of 16 US nursing programs set in large universities 2014-2019. FINDINGS Sampled programs collected 45,613 background checks, with 1548 findings (3.4 %). Severity of findings included criminal (62.5 %), non-criminal (4.6 %), felony (0.8 %), and other (11.6 %). Severity data were missing from 20.4 % of records. Finding types included substance use (23.7 %), disorderly conduct (8.7 %), property crimes (2.4 %) and crimes against persons (1 %). Type data was missing from 64.3 % of records. DISCUSSION Future research should examine whether background check type or severity indicates a nursing student poses a public risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Peters
- University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, School of Nursing, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer Doering
- University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, School of Nursing, United States of America.
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12
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Jean FAM, Moulin F, Schwartz AN, Castel L, Montagni I, Macalli M, Notredame CE, Côté SM, Galéra C. Association between ADHD symptoms and illicit stimulants use following 1 year among French university students of the i-Share cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:887-897. [PMID: 37268785 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with illicit stimulants use, less is known about their prospective association in university students. We aimed to examine the association between ADHD symptoms at inclusion and illicit stimulants use following 1 year among university students. METHODS The i-Share cohort recruited French students from February 2013 to July 2020. The study included 4270 participants. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was used to evaluate ADHD symptoms at inclusion. Illicit stimulants use was assessed at inclusion and 1 year after inclusion. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess the association between ADHD symptoms at inclusion and illicit stimulants use following 1 year. RESULTS High levels of ADHD symptoms at inclusion were associated with a greater probability of illicit stimulants use following 1 year (adjusted OR: 2.42 (1.51-3.8)). The adjusted odds ratio was 2.7 (1.08-7.84) among participants who had used illicit stimulant at least once (continuation) and 2.25 (1.04-4.37) among participants who had never used illicit stimulants at inclusion (initiation). CONCLUSION High levels of ADHD symptoms are a feature that may promote both initiation and continuation of illicit stimulants use among university students. Our findings suggest that university students with high levels of ADHD symptoms may benefit from screening to help identify those at risk of illicit stimulants use.
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Affiliation(s)
- François A M Jean
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr Jean Eric Techer Hospital, Calais, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Flore Moulin
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Ashlyn N Schwartz
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Laura Castel
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélissa Macalli
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles-Edouard Notredame
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- PSY Lab, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre, INSERM U1172, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Lille, France
- Teaching Hospital of Lille (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille-CHU de Lille), Lille, France
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cédric Galéra
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
- Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale-INSERM), Bordeaux, France.
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'enfant et de L'adolescent, Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, 146Bis, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
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Geusens F, Lewis MA, Dumas TM, Litt DM. First Comes Substance Use, Then Comes Social Media Posts? Examining the Temporal Ordering and Relative Strength of Relations Across Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana Use and Posting Behavior. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1149-1160. [PMID: 37157149 PMCID: PMC10630532 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2207241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Social media posts represent a major route by which youth share their substance use cognitions and experiences with others. Extant research has primarily examined relations between alcohol-related posts and posters' own alcohol use, yet little is known about the role of social media in the use of less socially accepted substances, namely tobacco and marijuana. Our study represents the first to examine the relative strength of this relation across alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. The current research used a one-month time lag to tease apart the temporal ordering of substance-use-posting and participants' own substance use. A sample of 282 15-20-year-olds (Mage = 18.4, SD = 1.3, 52.9% female) in the United States completed two self-report surveys, one month apart. Results of a cross-lagged panel model revealed significant effects of alcohol and marijuana consumption on subsequent alcohol- and marijuana-related posting, respectively (i.e., selection effects). However, reverse relations (i.e., self-effects) were not significant. Further, we found no differences in the strength of selection effects across substances, suggesting they are similar for both more (alcohol) and less (marijuana and tobacco) socially acceptable substances. Results point to the importance of using young people's social media posts as a way to help identify individuals at risk for heightened substance use and social media as a mechanism for targeted prevention programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Geusens
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45 box 3603, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Tara M Dumas
- Department of Psychology, Huron University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana M Litt
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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14
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Mustafaoglu R, Gorek Dilektaslı A, Demir R, Zirek E, Birinci T, Kaya Mutlu E, Evren C, Razak Ozdincler A. Exercise capacity, lung and respiratory muscle function in substance use disorders. Pulmonology 2024; 30:254-264. [PMID: 35115279 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) causes conditions such as cognitive and behavioral disorders, anxiety, depression, and social isolation it also causes acute airway inflammation by affecting airway bronchial dynamics. The current study aimed to investigate the lung function, respiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity in patients with SUD. METHODS One hundred-eighty three patients with SUD, a total of 119 healthy controls, 54 of whom were cigarette smokers and 65 of whom were non-smokers were included in the study. Spirometric tests, respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP), and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT) were assessed. The III National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to evaluate respiratory symptoms in patients with SUD and cigarette smokers. RESULTS 86.3% of the SUD patients included in the study were using heroin, 9.2% were cannabis, and 5.5% were spice. The most common symptom in both SUD patients and cigarette smokers was shortness of breath, wheezing, and sputum production. After post-hoc tests, the FVC (p = 0.002), FVC (%predicted) (p < 0.0001), FEV1 (p = 0.002), FEV1 (%predicted) (p < 0.0001), FEV1/FVC (%) (p < 0.0001), PEF (p < 0.0001) and FEF%25-75 (p < 0.0001) lung function parameters were significantly lower in SUD patients than non-smokers. In addition, it was found that MIP (p < 0.0001), MIP (%predicted) (p < 0.0001), MEP (p < 0.0001), and MEP (%predicted) (p < 0.0001) values of SUD patients were significantly lower than non-smokers. CONCLUSION The study findings indicate that substance use has an effect on lung functions and the most commonly reported symptoms are shortness of breath, wheezing, and sputum production. In addition, respiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity were decreased in SUD patients compared to non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mustafaoglu
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - A Gorek Dilektaslı
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Uludağ University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - R Demir
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Zirek
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - T Birinci
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Kaya Mutlu
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - C Evren
- Research, Treatment, and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence, Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Razak Ozdincler
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Wyngaarden JB, Johnston CR, Sazhin D, Dennison JB, Zaff O, Fareri D, McCloskey M, Alloy LB, Smith DV, Jarcho JM. Corticostriatal Responses to Social Reward are Linked to Trait Reward Sensitivity and Subclinical Substance Use in Young Adults. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.17.524305. [PMID: 36711485 PMCID: PMC9882176 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant levels of reward sensitivity have been linked to substance use disorder and are characterized by alterations in reward processing in the ventral striatum (VS). Less is known about how reward sensitivity and subclinical substance use relate to striatal function during social rewards (e.g., positive peer feedback). Testing this relation is critical for predicting risk for development of substance use disorder. In this pre-registered study, participants (N=44) underwent fMRI while completing well-matched tasks that assess neural response to reward in social and monetary domains. Contrary to our hypotheses, aberrant reward sensitivity blunted the relationship between substance use and striatal activation during receipt of rewards, regardless of domain. Moreover, exploratory whole-brain analyses showed unique relations between substance use and social rewards in temporoparietal junction. Psychophysiological interactions demonstrated that aberrant reward sensitivity is associated with increased connectivity between the VS and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during social rewards. Finally, we found that substance use was associated with decreased connectivity between the VS and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for social rewards, independent of reward sensitivity. These findings demonstrate nuanced relations between reward sensitivity and substance use, even among those without substance use disorder, and suggest altered reward-related engagement of cortico-VS responses as potential predictors of developing disordered behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Wyngaarden
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Camille R. Johnston
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Sazhin
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff B. Dennison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ori Zaff
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominic Fareri
- Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Michael McCloskey
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David V. Smith
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Johanna M. Jarcho
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Beckmeyer JJ, Greene A. Parental Alcohol Communication and Student Drinking: Examining Potential Differences between Underage and Legal Drinking Age Students. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:732-742. [PMID: 38307842 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2302128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored associations between parental alcohol communication (PCA) and student drinking behavior and protective behavioral strategies (PBS) use. METHODS College students in the United States, who had talked about alcohol with parents, (N = 251) completed an anonymous online survey in Fall 2021. Participants reported frequency of discussing 14 alcohol-related topics with parents, past 30-day drinking behaviors, and PBS use. RESULTS We identified two forms of PCA: general alcohol information and alcohol risk information, with alcohol risk information being more common than general alcohol information. PCA was not significantly associated with drinking behavior but was associated with two types of PBS. Specifically, general alcohol information was associated with greater use of serious harm reduction and stopping or limiting drinking strategies. Additionally, legal drinking age status moderated the associations between both forms of PCA and the use of stopping or limiting drinking strategies. In general, underage students stopping or limiting drinking strategies benefited from general alcohol information but not alcohol risk information. Legal drinking age students stopping or limiting drinking strategies benefited from alcohol risk information. CONCLUSIONS Among these students, PCA appears to have a greater impact on PBS use rather than drinking behavior. This may reflect a shift in students' beliefs about parental authority over alcohol and parents' acceptance of alcohol use by their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon J Beckmeyer
- Department of Counseling and Learning Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Alison Greene
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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17
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Strong SJ, Charles NE, Bullerjahn MR, Tennity C, O'Dell C, Cordova E. Confirming Eight-Factor Structure of the Substance Use Motives Measure in a Sample of US College Students. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241226901. [PMID: 38286987 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241226901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The 2020 National Survey on Drug Use indicates nearly three quarters of individuals ages 18-25 have used substances in the past year. Research suggests individuals who use substances to cope with negative mood states are typically more substance-involved, report more psychological distress, and have a more extensive treatment history. Additionally, the high rate of polysubstance use among substance using adults in the U.S. highlights the need for broadband measures that can adequately capture use, consequences, and motivations for use of multiple substances. However, most measures assessing motives for use are typically substance specific. Recently, Biolcati and Passini (2019) developed a brief, but comprehensive model of broad substance use motives (i.e., Substance Use Motives Measure, SUMM) based on well-established motives questionnaires (e.g., DMQ-R, MMQ). They found support for their proposed eight-factor model in an online sample of Italian citizens (ages 18-60). No studies to date have examined the psychometric properties of the SUMM with an English-speaking or US college student sample. The current study evaluates the factor structure of the SUMM in a sample of 143 college students (74.8% female, 77.6% White, and 94.4% non-Hispanic/Latinx) at a large, southeastern university in the United States. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis showed support for the previously identified eight-factor structure for the SUMM, with acceptable model fit and internal consistency of each factor found. Findings support using the SUMM as a broad measure of substance use motives, but more research is needed to assess measurement invariance across different groups and to evaluate external, concurrent, and convergent validity using other well-established measures of substance use motives, severity, and psychiatric symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Strong
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Nora E Charles
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | | | - Cassidy Tennity
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Chloe O'Dell
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Emily Cordova
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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18
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Schwartz A, Galera C, Arsandaux J, Montagni I, Tzourio C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Illegal Drug Use Among College Students: Findings from a French Sample. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-023-10256-0. [PMID: 38169052 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While studies have demonstrated the negative impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on lifelong health, less is known about the relationship between ACEs and illegal drug use. Thus, the objective of the study was to examine the relationship between ACEs and illegal drug use among college students. METHODS French college students between 18 and 30 years enrolled in a university cohort study were eligible for inclusion. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted for each drug. RESULTS Among the sample (n = 1,157), 30.6% had no ACE exposure, 29.6%, 19.2%, and 20.7% had 1, 2 and ≥ 3 ACEs, respectively. Students with ACEs had a higher likelihood of using illegal drugs (p = 0.0067). After controlling for potential confounders, having ≥ 3 ACEs increased the risk of lifetime use of multiple drugs (aOR:10.9; 95% CI: 4.6-26.0), stimulants (aOR: 3.6; 95% CI:1.7-7.7), hallucinogens (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.5), cannabis (aOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 2.7-8.0), and risky illegal drugs (e.g., higher lifetime frequency drug use) (aOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5-5.8). Estimates for illegal drug use were highest with parental substance use (aOR: 2.6; 95% CI; 1.5-4.4), sexual abuse (aOR: 2.3; 95% CI; 1.4-3.8), and divorce (aOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.7). CONCLUSIONS ACEs increase the risk for lifetime illegal drug use and risky drug use in a dose-respondent fashion. These findings suggest that university students with higher levels of ACEs may benefit from additional support and services from clinical practitioners and university administrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Schwartz
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France.
- Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Cédric Galera
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Arsandaux
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
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19
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LoParco CR, Cui Y, Bar-Zeev Y, Levine H, Duan Z, Wang Y, Abroms LC, Khayat A, Yang YT, Berg CJ. Driving under the influence of cannabis versus alcohol: A mixed-methods study examining perceptions and related risk behaviors among US and Israeli adults. Addict Behav 2024; 148:107843. [PMID: 37660497 PMCID: PMC10591998 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the dangers of driving under the influence (DUI), little is known about DUI substance-specific risk perceptions or risk factors for riding with drunk/drugged drivers (RDD). METHODS In this sequential exploratory mixed-methods study, we conducted: 1) multivariable analyses of cross-sectional survey data from 2222 US and Israeli adults to identify correlates of perceived cannabis- vs. alcohol-related DUI risks (linear regression) and past-month RDD involving alcohol-only, cannabis-only, or both (alcohol-cannabis) (multinomial logistic regression); and 2) deductive-inductive thematic analyses of qualitative interview data from 84 participants to identify themes elaborating on survey findings regarding DUI-related risk perceptions. RESULTS 54.0 % reported past-month alcohol use, 16.7 % cannabis use, 4.2 % alcohol-only RDD, 5.5 % cannabis-only RDD, and 7.9 % alcohol-cannabis RDD. Being from the US, not having children at home, and cannabis non-use correlated with lower perceived cannabis vs. alcohol DUI risk. Lower perceived cannabis vs. alcohol DUI risk correlated with cannabis-only and alcohol-cannabis (vs. no) RDD, and with alcohol-cannabis (vs. cannabis-only) RDD. Alcohol use correlated with alcohol-only (vs. no) RDD and alcohol-cannabis (vs. cannabis-only) RDD. Cannabis use correlated with cannabis-only and alcohol-cannabis (vs. no) RDD, and with alcohol-cannabis (vs. alcohol-only) RDD. Being from the US correlated with alcohol-only (vs. alcohol-cannabis and none) RDD and cannabis-only (vs. alcohol-cannabis) RDD; being from Israel correlated with alcohol-cannabis (vs. no) RDD. Qualitative data indicated most participants perceived greater risk of DUI of alcohol vs. cannabis and desired more effective DUI-related prevention and regulatory efforts. CONCLUSIONS Prevention interventions targeting DUI- and RDD-related risk perceptions are needed, particularly for high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy R LoParco
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Yuxian Cui
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Yael Bar-Zeev
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zongshuan Duan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Lorien C Abroms
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Amal Khayat
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Y Tony Yang
- School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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20
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Gray BA, Bolts OL, Fitzke RE, Douglass MA, Pedersen ER, Prince MA. Using Latent Profile Analysis to Examine Cannabis Use Contexts: Associations with Use, Consequences, and Protective Behaviors. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:208-217. [PMID: 37846065 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2267112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students represent a large portion of the population, and report high rates of cannabis use and related negative outcomes, including interpersonal problems, risky behaviors, or physical dependency. The contexts in which students use cannabis (e.g., at a party, when feeling down or depressed, after a fight with a loved one) likely affect their risk of experiencing consequences. We aimed to discern profiles of cannabis use contexts and compare profiles on use frequency, consequences, and the use of cannabis protective behavioral strategies (PBS). METHOD College students were surveyed regarding their cannabis use contexts, frequency, consequences, and PBS use (n = 265; female = 72.8%). We used Latent Profile Analysis to identify patterns of cannabis use contexts and auxiliary testing to compare profiles on use frequency, consequences, and PBS use. RESULTS Our examination revealed three latent profiles of cannabis use. The Social Use Profile was associated with use in predominantly social/uplifting contexts. The Physical & Emotional Pain Profile was also associated with use in these contexts but was defined by additional use in response to pain. The All Contexts Profile was associated with frequent use in all contexts, including those that were least endorsed by the other profiles. Profiles differed in cannabis use frequency, PBS use, and the number of consequences experienced, such that profiles were more likely to be associated with more frequent cannabis use, higher risk of experiencing use-consequences, and using fewer PBS as the number of use contexts increased across the profiles. CONCLUSIONS The contexts in which people use cannabis are associated with cannabis risk and protection. Prevention and intervention efforts may benefit from considering contexts of cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Gray
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Olivia L Bolts
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Reagan E Fitzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California; Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Morgan A Douglass
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California; Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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21
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Hoff TA, Heller S, Reichel JL, Werner AM, Schäfer M, Tibubos AN, Simon P, Beutel ME, Letzel S, Rigotti T, Dietz P. Cigarette Smoking, Risky Alcohol Consumption, and Marijuana Smoking among University Students in Germany: Identification of Potential Sociodemographic and Study-Related Risk Groups and Predictors of Consumption. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3182. [PMID: 38132073 PMCID: PMC10742791 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cigarette smoking, risky alcohol consumption, and marijuana smoking are the most common behaviors related to legal and illicit drug use worldwide, including among university students. To plan effective evidence-based programs to prevent the risky consumption of these substances among university students, the present study aimed to identify potential sociodemographic and study-related risk groups and predictors of consumption. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional online health survey with approximately 270 health-related items was conducted among students at the University of Mainz, Germany. Cigarette smoking, risky alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C score: female ≥ 4, male ≥ 5), and marijuana smoking were chosen as dependent variables. Of the 270 health-related items, 56 were chosen as independent variables and collated into five groups (sociodemographic, psychological, study-related psychosocial, general psychosocial and health behavior). The prevalence of cigarette smoking, risky alcohol consumption, and marijuana smoking was assessed using established and validated instruments. Pearson's chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in prevalence between the sociodemographic and study-related groups, and binary logistic regression was used for analyses with stepwise inclusion of the five variable groups. (3) Results: Of the 3991 university students who entered the analyses, 14.9% reported smoking cigarettes, 38.6% reported risky alcohol consumption, and 10.9% reported smoking marijuana. The prevalence of these differed between genders, fields of study, and aspired degree level, among other factors. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed nine significant predictors (p ≤ 0.05) of cigarette smoking (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.314), 18 significant predictors of risky alcohol consumption (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.270), and 16 significant predictors of marijuana smoking (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.239). (4) Conclusions: This study showed cigarette smoking, risky alcohol consumption, and marijuana smoking among university students in Germany to be associated with multiple factors, especially health behaviors. Furthermore, each of the substances was highly associated with each of the two other substances we examined. Other variable groups, such as psychological or psychosocial variables, seemed to play a rather minor role. Therefore, our recommendation for future prevention programs is that substance use among university students should be addressed as a whole, not just in terms of specific substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo A. Hoff
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.A.H.); (S.H.); (J.L.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Sebastian Heller
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.A.H.); (S.H.); (J.L.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Jennifer L. Reichel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.A.H.); (S.H.); (J.L.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Antonia M. Werner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.M.W.); (A.N.T.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Markus Schäfer
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Ana Nanette Tibubos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.M.W.); (A.N.T.); (M.E.B.)
- Nursing Science, Diagnostics in Healthcare and E-Health, Trier University, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.M.W.); (A.N.T.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Stephan Letzel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.A.H.); (S.H.); (J.L.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Department of Work, Organizational and Business Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute of Resilience Research, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pavel Dietz
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.A.H.); (S.H.); (J.L.R.); (S.L.)
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22
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Munthali RJ, Richardson CG, Pei J, Westenberg JN, Munro L, Auerbach RP, Prescivalli AP, Vereschagin M, Clarke QK, Wang AY, Vigo D. Patterns of anxiety, depression, and substance use risk behaviors among university students in Canada. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37943497 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2277201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify subgroups of students with distinct profiles of mental health symptoms (MH) and substance use risk (SU) and the extent to which MH history and socio-demographics predict subgroup membership. Participants: University students (N = 10,935: 63% female). Methods: Repeated cross-sectional survey administered weekly to stratified random samples. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups and multinomial regression was used to examine associations with variables of interest. Results: LCA identified an optimal 4-latent class solution: High MH-Low SU (47%), Low MH-Low SU (22%), High MH-High SU (19%), and Low MH-High SU (12%). MH history, gender, and ethnicity were associated with membership in the classes with high risk of MH, SU, or both. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of students presented with MH, SU, or both. Gender, ethnicity and MH history is associated with specific patterns of MH and SU, offering potentially useful information to tailor early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Munthali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris G Richardson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia Pei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean N Westenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lonna Munro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Melissa Vereschagin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Quinten K Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angel Y Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Vigo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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Doering EL, Weybright E, Anderson AJ, Murphy K, Caldwell L. Associations Between Trait Boredom and Frequency of Cannabis, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use in College Students. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2023; 6:149-164. [PMID: 38035167 PMCID: PMC10683743 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Boredom is a common emotion associated with substance use in college students - a group already at risk for substance misuse. The purpose of this study is to understand how two types of trait boredom (susceptibility and proneness) in college students are associated with frequency of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use. Method Data were collected from an online survey completed by a sample of undergraduate students (N = 414, Mage = 19.55, 84.5% female; 64.3% White) enrolled at a large public university in the northwest. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between trait boredom and frequency of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use after controlling for age, sex, and race. Results Boredom susceptibility was a significant predictor of annual, monthly, and weekly cannabis and alcohol use, but only annual and monthly tobacco use. Boredom proneness was only a significant predictor for monthly alcohol use. Conclusions Findings were generally consistent across types of substances and frequency of use for boredom susceptibility, indicating students higher in susceptibility, rather than proneness, are a subgroup to target prevention interventions to alleviate boredom and subsequent maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Doering
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University
| | | | | | - Kyle Murphy
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University
| | - Linda Caldwell
- Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University
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24
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Thériault ÉR, Walsh A, MacIntyre P, O'Brien PhD C. Self-efficacy in health among university students: the role of social support and place. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2510-2517. [PMID: 34586018 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1978455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to better understand the role of students' living arrangements (on campus, off campus, with and without their parents) on their health self-efficacy. PARTICIPANTS A sample of undergraduate students (n = 216) were recruited by using word of mouth and visiting classrooms in a small Atlantic Canadian university. METHODS Participants completed a self-report questionnaire measuring health and sleep self-efficacy. Analyses of variance and covariance were used to compare the living arrangements of the students. RESULTS Differences between living arrangements were found. Students living on campus had higher health self-efficacy, particularly on the psychological well-being subscale, followed by those living off campus with their parents. Students living off campus without their parents had the lowest scores. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that health self-efficacy varies according to students' living situations, thus illustrating the importance of keeping students' living arrangements in mind when designing health and well-being interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric R Thériault
- Department of Psychology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Audrey Walsh
- Nursing Department, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Peter MacIntyre
- Department of Psychology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
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25
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Bachert P, Wolbring L, Hildebrand C, Woll A, Wäsche H. Analyzing mechanisms of interdisciplinary cooperation in promoting students' health at university. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1911. [PMID: 37789303 PMCID: PMC10548763 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interdisciplinary cooperation among university actors and resulting intersectoral synergies are considered cornerstones in the process of incorporating health promotion practices in everyday university life in order to break down barriers and provide better access to health promotion services. To date, no network of a health-promoting university has been examined regarding the processes underlying tie formation, network emergence, and maintenance. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The goals of this study are to obtain insight into the mechanisms of cooperation between university actors in a health-promoting network and to identify the structural and attributive factors associated with establishing cooperation between actors in the observed network in order to better understand how to build and develop successful networks in the future. For this purpose, a social network analysis was carried out and exponential random graph models were estimated to test corresponding hypotheses. RESULTS The network at hand consists of 33 actors (e.g. University Sports Center, General Student Committee) and shows a flat, non-hierarchical structure. Data reveal that attributed competence predicts cooperation (0.32; p < 0.05). Significant homophily effects among student actors (1.31; p < 0.05) and among university actors (0.59; p < 0.05) were found. All structural predictors examined were significant (0.22-5.40; p < 0.05) and are therefore essential in determining the likelihood of cooperation between actors involved in the network. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide for a better understanding of the mechanisms of cooperation and can be used to further develop the network at hand (e.g. selection of key actors for information dissemination or integration of peripheral actors). In addition, the findings offer starting points for sustained network development at other universities (e.g. significance of network governance form or goal consensus). Knowing the factors that influence the network structure, here the conditions of cooperation, results in opportunities to encourage empowerment among actors. However, the analysis of the network undertaken does not directly bear on the success of the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bachert
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Laura Wolbring
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Hildebrand
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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26
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Jean FAM, Schwartz AN, Galesne C, Azouz Z, Navarro MC, Montagni I, Macalli M, Côté SM, Tzourio C, Galéra C. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and lifetime use of psychoactive substances among French university students: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115489. [PMID: 37742528 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In a cross sectional study of 13,837 university students, we aimed to explore the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and lifetime psychoactive substance use (LPSU) on a wide range of illicit substances. Logistic and Hurdel multivariable regressions were used. ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with the lifetime use of ketamine, magic mushrooms, poppers, and nine other psychoactive substances. There was an association between ADHD symptoms and both LPSU and truncated count of lifetime psychoactive substance use. High levels of ADHD symptoms are associated with the use of a large variety and multiple LPSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- François A M Jean
- Dr Jean Eric Techer Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Calais, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Ashlyn N Schwartz
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France; Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Charline Galesne
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Zeineb Azouz
- Dr Jean Eric Techer Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Calais, France
| | - Marie C Navarro
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélissa Macalli
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France; University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France; Teaching Hospital of Bordeaux (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Population Heltch Research Center, UMR1219, HEALTHY Team, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM), Bordeaux, France; Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
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27
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Pérez T, Pardo MC, Cabellos Y, Peressini M, Ureña-Vacas I, Serrano DR, González-Burgos E. Mental health and drug use in college students: Should we take action? J Affect Disord 2023; 338:32-40. [PMID: 37245551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students are vulnerable to suffering from anxiety and depression. Moreover, mental disorders can contribute to drug consumption or inappropriate use of prescribed drugs. Studies on this topic in Spanish college students are limited. This work analyses anxiety and depression and psychoactive drug intake pattern in the post-COVID era in college students. METHODS An online survey was conducted among college students from UCM (Spain). The survey collected data including demographic, academic student perception, GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales, and psychoactive substances consumption. RESULTS A total of 6798 students were included; 44.1 % (CI95%: 42.9 to 45.3) showed symptoms of severe anxiety and 46.5 % (CI95%: 45.4 to 47.8) symptoms of severe or moderately severe depression. The perception of these symptoms did not change after returning to face-to-face university classes in the post-COVID19 era. Despite the high percentage of cases with clear symptoms of anxiety and depression, most students never had a diagnosis of mental illnesses [anxiety 69.2 % (CI95%: 68.1 to 70.3) and depression 78.1 % (CI95%: 77.1 to 79.1)]. Regarding psychoactive substances, valerian, melatonin, diazepam, and lorazepam were the most consumed. The most worrying issue was the consumption of diazepam, 10.8 % (CI95%: 9.8 to 11.8), and lorazepam, 7.7 % (CI95%: 6.9 to 8.6) without medical prescription. Among illicit drugs, cannabis is the most consumed. LIMITATIONS The study was based on an online survey. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of anxiety and depression aligned with poor medical diagnosis and high intake of psychoactive drugs should not be underestimated. University policies should be implemented to improve the well-being of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pérez
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Pardo
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar (IMI), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Cabellos
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina Peressini
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ureña-Vacas
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain..
| | - Elena González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Páramo MF, Cadaveira F, Rodríguez MS. A 2-year follow-up of the effects of combined binge drinking and cannabis consumption on academic performance and adjustment in Spanish third-year university students. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1223597. [PMID: 37599769 PMCID: PMC10434773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1223597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study was based on 2-year follow-up of the effects of binge drinking and cannabis co-consumption on academic performance and adjustment in Spanish Third-Year University Students and to further explore the impact of academic adjustment on this relationship. Methods A total of 144 students (aged 19-20 years) enrolled in the third year of university completed the study. The students were recruited during in first academic year (T1) via a survey that included items regarding the use of alcohol (AUDIT-C), cannabis and other drugs and demographic variables. Then, participants meeting the study criteria were then selected and invited by e-mail to a clinical (face-to face) structured interview. The participants completed a calendar of alcohol consumption during the 6 months prior to the interview (Alcohol Timeline Follow back), and recorded cannabis consumption in 3 months prior to the interview. To examine the effects of alcohol and cannabis co-consumption on the outcome variables, we categorized participants into three consumption groups (i.e., control, BD, and BDCA) based on the number of BD days and cannabis unit scores. Results Binge drinking and cannabis co-consumption in first-year students was significantly associated with poor academic performance and adjustment after 2 years of undergraduate study. Relative to controls, co-consumers (BDCA) reported significantly lower academic and personal-emotional adjustment to university as well as poorer performance. Mediation analysis showed that academic adjustment explains the mechanism by which BDCAs perform less well, mediating the relationship between co-consumption and academic performance, with an indirect effect representing 64.61% of the total effect. Furthermore, the mediating effect of academic adjustment was maintained after controlling for academic adjustment and baseline grade point average (T1). Conclusion This prospective follow-up study helps to further our knowledge of how combined binge drinking and cannabis consumption may affect university adjustment and academic success in Spanish university students Overall, the study results should encourage health professionals, educational psychologists and academic institutions to take ownership of the need for support and involvement in prevention, as well as for provision of guidelines for implementing appropriate intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Páramo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Soledad Rodríguez
- Department of Social, Basic Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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29
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Jelagat J, Budambula NLM, Ngari M, Budambula V. Polydrug Use among Students in a Public University in a Lower Middle-Income Country. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8085588. [PMID: 37560202 PMCID: PMC10409583 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8085588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Recreational drug use among students in tertiary institutions remains a public health concern. Despite documentation of drug use in Kenyan universities, most of the studies are based on self-reported history which is prone to social desirability bias. It is in this context that we sought to establish lifetime and current drug use among university students. The study investigated self-reported and confirmed drug use. Using proportionate to size and snowball sampling methods, 380 respondents were enrolled from three university campuses. Actual drug use was confirmed qualitatively using a 6 panel plus alcohol saliva test kit. The study participants' median (IQR) age was 22 (20-23) years, and 262 (69%) were male; 328 (86%) were degree-level students, while 127 (33%) were in their fourth year and above. A total of 221 (58%) students reported a lifetime ever use of drugs, while 193 (51%) tested positive for at least one drug. Alcohol, tobacco products (cotinine), marijuana, and amphetamine or khat were the most preferred drugs. The usage was either solely, concurrently, or simultaneously. Having multiple sexual partners compared to students with no sexual partner (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of 2.33 (95% CI 1.45, 3.76)) and residing in Mishomoroni and Kisauni (aRR 1.50 (95% CI 1.08, 2.09)) were associated with risk of testing positive for any drug. Having one (aRR of 1.54 (95% CI 1.05, 2.26)) and multiple sexual partners (aRR 2.03 (95% CI 1.27, 3.25) and residing in Mishomoroni and Kisauni (aRR 1.48 (95% CI 1.05, 2.08)) were associated with self-reported drug use. One out of two students was currently using drugs. Irrespective of the method used to record data, alcohol, tobacco products, marijuana, and amphetamine or khat were the most preferred drugs. The usage was solely, concurrently, or simultaneously. Future interventions should focus on continuing students, students' residences, and those who are sexually active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Jelagat
- Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya
| | | | - Moses Ngari
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kenya
| | - Valentine Budambula
- Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya
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30
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Pilatti A, Cupani M, Bravo AJ, Mezquita L, Read JP, Pautassi RM. Utility of the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire to Identify College Students At-Risk for Alcohol Related Problems: Relative Operating Characteristics across Seven Countries. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1678-1690. [PMID: 37518059 PMCID: PMC10538414 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2238307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: It is important to identify students who would benefit from early interventions to reduce harmful drinking patterns and associated consequences. the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ) could be particularly useful as a screening tool in university settings. Objectives. The present study examined the utility of the B-YAACQ to distinguish among students at-risk for problematic alcohol use as measured by the AUDIT. Objectives: The present study examined the utility of the B-YAACQ to distinguish among students at-risk for problematic alcohol use as measured by the AUDIT. Methods: A sample of 6382 students (mean age=20.28, SD=3.75, 72.2% females) from seven countries (i.e., U.S., Canada, South-Africa, Spain, Argentina, Uruguay, England) completed the B-YAACQ, the AUDIT and different measures of alcohol use. Results: ROC analyses suggested that a cutoff score of 5 maximized the YAACQ's discrimination utility to differentiate between students at low versus moderate/high risk in the total sample and across countries (except in Canada, where the cutoff was 4). In addition, a cutoff of 7 differentiated between students at low/moderate versus high risk in the total sample, while cutoffs of 10, 9, 8 and 7 differentiate between students at low/moderate versus high risk in Uruguay, U.S and Spain (10), Argentina (9), England (8), and Canada and South-Africa (7), respectively. Students classified at the three risk levels (i.e., low, moderate and high) differed in age (i.e., a younger age was associated with higher risk) and drinking patters (i.e., higher drinking frequency, quantity, binge drinking and AUDIT and B-YAACQ scores in the higher risk groups). Conclusions: This study suggest that the B-YAACQ is a useful tool to identify college students at-risk for experiencing problematic patterns of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcos Cupani
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET. Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo M. Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC – CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) and Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
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31
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Arslan G. Dysfunctional parenting and emotional problems and substance misuse: Enhancing psychological flexibility in college students. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37466377 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2237930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between dysfunctional parenting (i.e., dysfunctional parent modes) and emotional problems and substance misuse among Turkish college students. Participants were 466 undergraduate students (69% female) aged between 18 and 45 years (M = 21.46, SD = 3.31) from a public university in Turkey. The majority of participants in the study reported never or infrequent use of tobacco, alcohol, and prescription drugs, with daily or almost daily use reported by less than a quarter of the sample for each substance. Results showed that higher levels of dysfunctional parent modes were associated with increased emotional problems and substance misuse. Moreover, psychological flexibility mediated the relationship between dysfunctional parent modes and emotional problems, as well as both mediated and moderated the relationship between dysfunctional parent modes and substance misuse. Results from the study also showed that people in the at-risk group for substance misuse reported higher levels of dysfunctional parent modes and emotional problems, as well as lower levels of psychological flexibility than the typical group. These results suggest that psychological flexibility may play a significant role in the link between dysfunctional parent modes and emotional problems and substance misuse among Turkish college students. Future research should investigate whether interventions targeting psychological flexibility could be effective in reducing emotional problems and substance misuse among students with dysfunctional parent modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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32
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Galano MM, Uribe AC, Howell KH, Miller-Graff LE. Associations between childhood polyvictimization, intimate partner violence victimization and substance use among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37463520 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2232467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with an elevated risk of substance use, but few studies have simultaneously examined other aspects of victimization history that may contribute to substance use. The current study examined the direct and moderating effects of childhood polyvictimization (i.e., multiple experiences of violence victimization before age 18) on the association between IPV subtypes (physical, sexual, psychological, and injury) and alcohol/drug use. Methods: A sample of 256 college students ages 18-25 (72% female, 68% white) completed a survey assessing past-year IPV, childhood polyvictimization, and past three-month substance use. Results: There were no direct or joint associations between IPV, childhood polyvictimization, and alcohol use. There were direct associations between psychological IPV, childhood polyvictimization, and drug use. No other forms of IPV were significantly associated with drug use. Conclusions: Results highlight unique direct associations between violence victimization and drug use risk compared to alcohol use risk in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Galano
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana C Uribe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn H Howell
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laura E Miller-Graff
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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Everhart RS, Lohr KD, Ramos MS, Hernández Dubon RE, Heron KE, Mazzeo SE, Corona R. Perceived Stress, Religiosity, and Substance Use Among African American and Latinx College Students with Asthma in the USA. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:1050-1069. [PMID: 36752896 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined associations among perceived stress, religiosity, and substance use in African American and Latinx college students with asthma. Participants included 194 college students with asthma (18-20 years, 63.4% African American, 21.1% Latinx). Eligible students completed an online questionnaire that included measures of asthma control, perceived stress, religiosity, alcohol misuse, and last 30-day tobacco use and marijuana use. Over one-quarter (25.3%) of participants reported using tobacco and 31.9% reported using marijuana in the past 30 days. Perceived stress and religiosity were each independently associated with multiple indicators of substance use. Asthma control moderated associations between religiosity and tobacco use in the past 30 days (b = - .014, p = .002), such that the association between religiosity and tobacco use was stronger among those with better asthma control. Participant gender significantly moderated the association between perceived stress and alcohol misuse (b = - .099, p = .029); a stronger, positive association between stress and alcohol misuse was found among men. Students' perceived stress levels were associated with marijuana use in the past 30 days and high alcohol misuse. Religiosity was inversely linked to substance use. There is a need for healthcare providers to recognize and focus on substance use prevention specifically among African American and Latinx college students with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S Everhart
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Katherine D Lohr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
| | - Mayra S Ramos
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
| | | | - Kristin E Heron
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Mazzeo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
| | - Rosalie Corona
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
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Boden M, Day E. Illicit drug use in university students in the UK and Ireland: a PRISMA-guided scoping review. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 36915093 PMCID: PMC10012457 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in the health and well-being of university students has increased in the UK and Ireland in the past two decades as their numbers have grown. Recent high-profile deaths of students after using illicit drugs have highlighted the importance of the topic for policy makers. This scoping review maps the state of the existing literature evaluating use of illicit drugs in university students in the UK and Ireland. It aims to highlight research gaps and inform policy. METHOD We conducted a systematic search of papers related to psychoactive drug use in university students in the UK and Ireland published before August 2021. The 18 extracted study characteristics included author(s); year of publication; journal; location of data collection; study design; delivery method (e.g., online survey, in-person, postal survey); number of participants; response rate; participant course of study, year of study, degree level (i.e., undergraduate, postgraduate), gender and age; time-period assessed (e.g., lifetime, current use, past 12 months); primary aim; primary outcome; ethical approval; and funding source. RESULTS The PRISMA-guided search strategy identified 1583 papers for abstract review; of 110 papers retained for full-text review, 54 studies met criteria for inclusion for this paper. Primary outcomes were coded into five groups: prevalence and patterns of drug use; factors associated with drug use; attitudes and knowledge about, and motivation for, drug use; supply of drugs; consequences of drug use. The results show that there is no coherent body of research in this area. The prevalence of reported drug use has crept up and the range of substances reported has broadened over time, and attitudes to drugs on average have normalised. However, there are significant methodological limitations that limit the utility of these findings. There was little evidence of published work on prevention of, or intervention to reduce, drug-related harms. CONCLUSION The domains identified offer a framework for university administrators, researchers and policy makers to understand the potential response to drug use in university students in the UK and Ireland. Recommendations are made to fill the gaps in the research evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Boden
- University of Birmingham, Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, 52 Pritchatts Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | - Ed Day
- University of Birmingham, Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, 52 Pritchatts Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK.
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Sharma K, Ghosh A, Krishnan NC, Kathirvel S, Basu D, Kumar A, George BB. Digital screening and brief intervention for illicit drug misuse in college students: A mixed methods, pilot, cluster, randomized trial from India. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 81:103432. [PMID: 36610207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence and early adulthood are vulnerable periods for substance use-related disorders later in life. The use of internet-enabled interventions can be useful, especially in low-resource settings. AIMS To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of single-session digital screening and brief intervention (d-SBI) for illicit drug misuse in college students and explore barriers and facilitators of d-SBI. METHODS Design: Mixed-methods, pilot cluster randomized trial. SETTING Four conveniently selected colleges were randomized into intervention and control groups. PARTICIPANTS 219 students were screened, and 37 fulfilled eligibility. Twenty-four completed follow-ups. In-depth interviews were done with ten students. Intervention and Comparator: Following a digital screening, Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) based brief intervention was provided in the d-SBI group. The control group received brief education. MEASUREMENTS Acceptability was assessed by direct questions and usage statistics. ASSIST scores of groups were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Inductive coding of the interview transcript was done. RESULTS More than 50 % of participants found d-SBI user-friendly, appropriate, and useful. Eighty percent of users, who logged in, completed screening. Per-protocol analysis showed a reduction in cannabis-ASSIST score over 3 months. The mean ASSIST score for other drugs combined did not differ significantly between groups. The difference in risk transition (moderate to low) was not significant. Qualitative analysis revealed three overarching themes- recruitment, engagement, and behavior change. CONCLUSIONS Digital SBI for drug misuse is feasible among college students. d-SBI might be effective in reducing cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz Sharma
- Drug De-Addiction & Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Drug De-Addiction & Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | | | - Soundappan Kathirvel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debasish Basu
- Drug De-Addiction & Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, India
| | - Blessy B George
- Drug De-Addiction & Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Mohammadi K, Tavafian SS, Tavousi M. Development and psychometric properties of the HBM-based substance abuse prevention questionnaire (HBM-SAPQA) among Afghanian students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:167-171. [PMID: 36814360 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2022-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In Afghanistan, adolescents and young people are the most important at risk groups for substance abuse. Considering the importance of model-based interventions in this group, this study aims to design and validate a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) for assessing the beliefs of Afghan students regarding substance abuse prevention behavior. This study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the items of the questionnaire were designed by conducting a combined documentary literature review and qualitative study. In the next step, its psychometric properties were evaluated through qualitative and quantitative face and content validity (CVR & CVR) and structural validity (exploratory factor analysis). Finally, internal consisitency through Cronbach's alpha as well as reliability was assessed. To above steps, the SPSS version 18 was applied. 57 items were obtained for the questionnaire by performing a qualitative study and using existing scientific sources for literature review. In checking the face validity of the questionnaire items quantitatively (calculating the impact score), the impact score of all items was above 1.5. The CVR of each item was more than 0.8 and their CVI was more than 0.79. In EFA (using the information of 408 students with average age of 23 years old), the final model was confirmed with 38 related to the main HBM constructs in 5 factors, which covered about 40% of the variance. Acceptable values of Cronbach's alpha between 0.71 and 0.81 for all factors confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. The HBM-SAPQA obtained the acceptable validity/reliability to apply the beliefs of Afghan students regarding substance abuse preventive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanali Mohammadi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tavousi
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, Tehran, Iran
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Conditioned place preferences for virtual alcohol cues. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114176. [PMID: 36283566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether a conditioned place preference (CPP) could be established for a virtual reality (VR) room that previously contained virtual alcohol stimuli. 298 undergraduates with varying levels of alcohol use completed six, three-minute conditioning sessions in which they were confined to one of two visually-distinct VR rooms: one of the VR rooms contained virtual alcohol cues (CS+) while the other VR room was neutral (CS-). Following conditioning, participants completed a three-minute test session during which they had unrestricted access to both VR rooms and neither room contained any alcohol-related cues. Although no virtual alcohol cues were present, participants with alcohol use (n = 248) spent significantly longer in CS+ relative to CS- compared to participants with alcohol non-use (n = 50) during the test session. This is the first study to show that a CPP can be established using virtual alcohol cues, in the absence of any actual alcohol administration. However, participants with alcohol use did not subjectively report enjoying CS+ more than CS- and explicitly chose CS- as their preferred room. Interestingly, these findings suggest that implicit and explicit measures of CPP may tap into distinct, separable processes and should be investigated further.
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Rumrill SP, Castruita Rios Y, Yasuoka M, Aydin Z, Zhou K, Umucu E. Drug Use Difficulties and Academic Adjustment in Student Veterans With Disabilities: A Parallel Mediation Study. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221146162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The attainment of postsecondary education is critical to leading a successful life. Substance abuse is one area that may negatively impact academic and, ultimately, employment outcomes in the student veteran population. We conducted a parallel mediation analysis to examine the relationship between substance use and academic outcomes in a sample of 129 college veterans with disabilities. We explored interpersonal problems, physical health problems, depression, and anxiety as possible mediators. Our results concluded that only interpersonal problems and anxiety mediated the relationship. Implications for practice and research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emre Umucu
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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Ganson KT, Lisi NE, O'Connor J, Nagata JM. Association between binge eating and physical violence perpetration among U.S. college students. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:171. [PMID: 36397125 PMCID: PMC9673326 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no known research has explored the link between binge eating and physical violence perpetration despite overlapping psychological constructs that underpin these behaviors (i.e., emotion regulation difficulties, impulsivity). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between binge eating and self-reported physical violence perpetration. METHODS Cross-sectional data from four survey years (2016-2020) of the national (U.S.) Healthy Minds Study (N = 6210) were analyzed. Unadjusted (Independent samples t test) and adjusted (logistic regression) analyses were conducted to determine the associations between binge eating in the past four weeks and violence perpetration in the past 12 months, while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The unadjusted mean number of days of binge eating was significantly higher among participants who reported physical violence perpetration (M = 2.6, SD = 5.2) compared to those who did not (M = 1.8, SD = 3.7). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that each additional day of binge eating was associated with 5% higher odds (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.09) of self-reported physical violence perpetration, while adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study are the first known to identify an association between binge eating and physical violence perpetration among U.S. college students. Findings are supported by the potential mechanistic overlap of emotion regulation and impulsivity associated with both binge eating and violence perpetration, underscoring the need for more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicole E Lisi
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia O'Connor
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16Th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Factors affecting tobacco, nicotine, and cannabis product use among California young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 16:100470. [PMCID: PMC9661417 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of COVID-19 on tobacco use and cannabis has been variable, and it is unclear the extent to which factors affecting changes in tobacco and cannabis use differ. The purpose of this study was to identify the COVID-19-related factors that affect changes in tobacco and cannabis use during the pandemic. Focus groups with 114 young adults in California in April 2021 were held to discuss tobacco and cannabis use patterns, adverse events, and the effect of COVID-19 on tobacco and cannabis product use. Factors affecting changes in use were largely similar between tobacco products and cannabis products. Drivers of increased cannabis use distinct from tobacco or nicotine product use included feeling greater freedom to disengage and perceptions of less harm. Increases in product use were a result of changing social environment, coping with emotional and psychological distress, and product related factors. Decreases in product use were a result of social isolation, COVID-19-related health concerns, disruptions in daily patterns of living, and reduced access. Improved understanding of how the pandemic has affected tobacco and cannabis use can inform tailored interventions to both support those who have decreases or quit and assist those who have increased use during the pandemic to reduce or cease their consumption.
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Smith PH, Ward RM, Bartoszek LA, Branscum PW. College students' patterns of electronic nicotine delivery system use and other substance use. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1882-1888. [PMID: 33151843 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1841210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use on college campuses increased dramatically in recent years. Little is known about how ENDS use among college students relates to other substance use. Participants: Undergraduates (n = 3,917) at a mid-sized Midwestern public university in the United States. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data and latent class analysis of ENDS, cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and non-medical use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication. Results: Over 95% of ENDS users fit into one of two classes comprising a minority of college students engaged in multiple and often problematic substance use behaviors. Only 4% of ENDS users were grouped into a class comprising 85% of the sample and characterized by either little/no substance use or moderate alcohol consumption. Conclusions: ENDS use in this sample was not indicative of general exploration with substances, nor was it indicative of isolated tobacco use, but rather more heavy and problematic substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Smith
- Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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Leonangeli S, Michelini Y, Montejano GR. [Depression, anxiety and stress in college students before and during the first three months of COVID-19 lockdown]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022:S0034-7450(22)00056-7. [PMID: 35663410 PMCID: PMC9135671 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Different psychological symptoms of distress as well as drinking motives have been associated with alcohol use in college students. The COVID-19 lockdown [aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO)] reduced movement to a minimum, impacting college students' mental health and generating changes in several behaviours, including alcohol use.Objectives: To examine the association between symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, drinking motives and alcohol use in two groups of Argentinian college students, before and during the first three months of lockdown. In addition, it was examined whether drinking motives mediate the relationship between psychological distress and alcohol use.Methods: Two samples of college students, one before the lockdown (n=125; mean age, 23.87 ± 3.27 years; 73.6% women) and another during the lockdown (n=174; 24.32 ± 3.64 years; 78.2% women) completed an online survey.Results: Alcohol use, as well as social and enhancement motives, decreased in college students during lockdown. The associations between psychological distress and drinking motives with alcohol use were more consistent in the group during lockdown compared with the group after lockdown. At a multivariate level, coping motives explained an increased frequency of alcohol consumption in college students during lockdown.Conclusions: It is necessary to pay special attention to the mental health of college students who have experienced changes in their routines as a result of the restrictions implemented during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Leonangeli
- Cátedra de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Michelini
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Rivarola Montejano
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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Proença Lopes C, Allado E, Essadek A, Poussel M, Henry A, Albuisson E, Hamroun A, Chenuel B. Occurrence of Alexithymia and Its Association with Sports Practice from a Sample of University Students: Results from a French Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050788. [PMID: 35627924 PMCID: PMC9141175 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of alexithymia in a sample of university students and to determine its association with specific sports practice characteristics (competition and training). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, anthropometric data and characteristics of sport practice were collected, as well as level of alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale, (TAS-20)). Results: The study included 253 French university students who completed a questionnaire specifying their regular sports practice and level of alexithymia (TAS-20). We found 76 subjects (30%) who had proven alexithymia and 92 (36.4%) who were borderline alexithymic. A significant positive relationship between alexithymia and the weekly amount of training practice was observed. It should be noted that students who engage in more than 5 h of physical activity are more prone to be borderline or alexithymic (respectively, 19.6 and 19.7% versus 7.1% for non-alexithymics; p = 0.03). Conclusion: With a 30% frequency, alexithymia is more prevalent in this context than in the general population. Furthermore, alexithymia and borderline alexithymia are most favorably associated with higher physical activity (over 5 h per week).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Proença Lopes
- Development, Adaptation and Disadvantage, Cardiorespiratory Regulations and Motor Control (EA 3450 DevAH), University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (E.A.); (M.P.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6-12-21-87-42
| | - Edem Allado
- Development, Adaptation and Disadvantage, Cardiorespiratory Regulations and Motor Control (EA 3450 DevAH), University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (E.A.); (M.P.); (B.C.)
- Center of Sports Medicine and Adapted Physical Activity, CHRU-Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Aziz Essadek
- INTERPSY (EA 4432), University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Mathias Poussel
- Development, Adaptation and Disadvantage, Cardiorespiratory Regulations and Motor Control (EA 3450 DevAH), University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (E.A.); (M.P.); (B.C.)
- Center of Sports Medicine and Adapted Physical Activity, CHRU-Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Audrey Henry
- Cognition, Health and Society Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51571 Reims, France;
| | - Eliane Albuisson
- Institut Elie-Cartan de Lorraine, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Aghilès Hamroun
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Economics and Prevention, Regional and University Hospital Center of Lille, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Bruno Chenuel
- Development, Adaptation and Disadvantage, Cardiorespiratory Regulations and Motor Control (EA 3450 DevAH), University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (E.A.); (M.P.); (B.C.)
- Center of Sports Medicine and Adapted Physical Activity, CHRU-Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
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Ganson KT, Lavender JM, Rodgers RF, Cunningham M, Nagata JM. Compulsive exercise and vaping among a sample of U.S. College students aged 18-26 years. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1153-1161. [PMID: 34181209 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the association between compulsive exercise and vaping among college students aged 18-26 years, and to characterize the type of vaping used among participants who report compulsive exercise. METHODS Cross-sectional, pooled data from two survey years (2018-2020; N = 2125) of the national (U.S.) Healthy Minds Study were analyzed. Compulsive exercise was measured based on number of occurrences in the past 28 days (analyzed continuously and among those who reported ≥ 1 and ≥ 20 occurrences). Vaping was measured based on reported use in the past 30 days. Most recent type of vaping was assessed only among participants who reported vaping. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between compulsive exercise and vaping, while adjusting for covariates. RESULTS For every additional occurrence of compulsive exercise reported by participants, their odds of also reporting vaping increased by 5% (95% CI 1.01-1.09). Participants who reported 20 or more occurrences of compulsive exercise in the past 28 days, a clinical threshold, had 3.71 (95% CI 1.28-10.76) higher odds of vaping in the past 30 days. Among participants who endorsed vaping, nicotine vaping was the most common recent type for those who reported any (76.2%) or 20 or more (50.2%) occurrences of compulsive exercise. CONCLUSION Compulsive exercise is associated with vaping in a national, U.S. sample of college students, with nicotine vaping being the most common type used. Screening for both compulsive exercise and vaping, particularly if either is reported, among college-age young adults is necessary to implement prevention and intervention strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France
| | - Mitchell Cunningham
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, North South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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45
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Dockray S, Whelan E, Dick S, Davoren M, Heavin C, Linehan C, Byrne M. What motivates students to decrease or cease substance use?: A scoping review. Ir J Psychol Med 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35225186 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2022.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between illicit substance use by third-level education students and their mental and physical health is well documented. The aim of this scoping review was to determine factors that contribute to student motivations to reduce or stop their use of illicit substances, and to elaborate on factors that may be pertinent for student-focused behaviour change interventions for substance use. METHOD We searched eight databases in March 2021 using search terms based on 'students', 'illicit substance use', and 'motivations'. We identified 86 research articles that reported on third-level education students' illicit substance use and included reasons or motives for their use. RESULTS After full-text screening, three studies were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis. The majority of studies described motives for abstention but did not describe motivation for reducing or stopping current patterns of use of illicit substances. CONCLUSION Few studies have examined motivations of third-level education students to decrease or cease substance use. Promising avenues for research on motivations to change substance use behaviour include the social contextual factors, perceived effects on social relationships, and actions of friends and family to prompt contemplations of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dockray
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Whelan
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S Dick
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Davoren
- Sexual Health Centre Cork, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Heavin
- Health Information Systems Research Centre, Cork University Business School, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Linehan
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Byrne
- Student Health Department, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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46
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DiPierro-Sutton M, Poquiz J, Brown S, Fite P, Bortolato M. Models predicting the role of emotion reactivity in the link between reasons for not using and lifetime substance use. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:527-535. [PMID: 32407218 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1756828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Substance use peaks in emerging adulthood, with evidence suggesting that college-attending emerging adults have a higher rate of substance use than their non-college attending peers. More insight into the factors that might contribute to substance use among college-attending emerging adults is needed. The current study examined the moderating role of emotion reactivity in the link between perceived importance of reasons for not using substances and lifetime marijuana and alcohol use. Participants: 440 undergraduate students under the age of 21 (M = 18.67, 47.7% Male) from a large Midwestern university participated in the study. Methods Participants responded survey items assessing reasons for not using, lifetime marijuana and alcohol use, and emotion reactivity. Results: Emotion reactivity only moderated the link between reasons for not using alcohol (i.e., reasons related to self-control) and lifetime alcohol use. Conclusions: Future research on reasons for not using is warranted. Implications for preventative interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moneika DiPierro-Sutton
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jonathan Poquiz
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Shaquanna Brown
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paula Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, Utah, USA
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47
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Student-, Study- and COVID-19-Related Predictors of Students' Smoking, Binge Drinking and Cannabis Use before and during the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown in The Netherlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020812. [PMID: 35055634 PMCID: PMC8776226 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco, alcohol and cannabis are commonly used among university students. However, student lives and their substance use have changed dramatically since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on (trends in) weekly smoking, weekly binge drinking and weekly cannabis use in Dutch university students and investigated associated student-, study- and COVID-19-related characteristics. Between April and June 2020, several Dutch higher educational institutes invited their students to participate in an online survey. Data of 9967 students (Mage = 22.0 (SD = 2.6); Nfemale = 7008 (70.3%)) were available for analyses. Overall, weekly smoking remained stable (±11.5%), weekly binge drinking decreased (from 27.8% to 13.9%) and weekly cannabis use increased (from 6.7% to 8.6%). Male gender, not living with parents, being a bachelor student, having less financial resources and less adherence to the COVID-19 measures were found to increase the risk of substance use (before/during the first COVID-19 lockdown). Additionally, male gender, not living with parents, being a bachelor student, not being born in the Netherlands and having a student loan contributed to the likelihood of increased substance use during COVID-19. Patterns of characteristics contributing to the likelihood of decreased weekly substance use during COVID-19 were less clear. The risk factors male gender, not living with parents and being a bachelor student do not only contribute to the likelihood of using substances but also contribute to the likelihood of increased use during a lockdown. Prevention and intervention programs should especially target these risk groups.
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48
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Hicks TA, Chartier KG, Buckley TD, Reese D, Working Group TSFS, Vassileva J, Dick DM, Amstadter AB, Peterson RE, Moreno O. Divergent changes: abstinence and higher-frequency substance use increase among racial/ethnic minority young adults during the COVID-19 global pandemic. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2022; 48:88-99. [PMID: 35007453 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1995401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying factors influencing substance use among racial/ethnic minorities (REM) is important given the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this population. OBJECTIVES We examined factors in four domains and hypothesized that poor mental health, negative coping behaviors, negative environmental aspects, and belonging to more vulnerable social groups would be associated with increased substance use during the pandemic. METHODS Multiple regression was applied to longitudinal data from a college sample assessed prior (fall 2017 to spring 2019) and during (spring 2020) the pandemic (n= 323; 81.5% cisgender women; 34.5% African-American, 36.1% Asian-American, 15.5% Hispanic/Latinx, 11.8% multi-racial) to identify factors predicting current alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use frequency (spring 2020) and change in frequency of use between springs 2019 and 2020. RESULTS While infrequent substance use (monthly or less) decreased during the pandemic, abstinence rates increased (alcohol 39%; cannabis 18%; nicotine 18%) and higher-frequency alcohol use increased (207%-1600% 2-3 times+/week) compared to spring 2019. The strongest protective factor was change in living situation during the pandemic, associated with lower current alcohol and cannabis use. Risk factors included a history of trouble with police and impulsivity since the pandemic, both associated with higher current and increased alcohol and cannabis use. REM did not differ on most factors and the outcomes. However, a higher percentage of Asian-Americans than other REM reported living situation changes. CONCLUSION Substance use rates diverged during the pandemic, with both increased abstinence and higher-frequency use, attributed mostly to mental health and environmental domain factors with few REM differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrell A Hicks
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Karen G Chartier
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tommy D Buckley
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Diamond Reese
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Roseann E Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Oswaldo Moreno
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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49
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Farias CDA, Cardoso TDA, da Silva MM, D'Angelo F, Mondin TC, Souza LDDM, da Silva RA, Kapczinski F, Jansen K, Magalhães PVS. Socioeconomic and substance use changes in emerging adults and their relationship with mood disorders in a population-based cohort. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:932484. [PMID: 36090374 PMCID: PMC9448898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.932484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we aim to assess the interaction of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder with the evolution of social roles, economic classification, and substance misuse in emerging adults. This is a longitudinal population-based study (n = 231 at baseline), in which participants were reassessed at a mean of 5 years after baseline. A structured clinical interview was used to diagnose the participants with bipolar disorder and major depression; a control group without mood disorders was included. Men with mood disorders were less likely to be married in the beginning of the study and less likely to work in the follow-up. Women with major depression were less likely to study and more likely to be in a lower economic class at the beginning of the study. In comparison, women with bipolar disorder were less likely to live with their parents and more likely to live with their children in the first wave of the study. Substance misuse was more likely in people with mood disorders, especially in men, and women with bipolar disorder had the highest likelihood in the follow-up. Albeit longitudinal analyses were limited by a possibly insufficient sample size and mediating mechanisms for change, such as stigma, were not explored, the study suggests sex-related specificities regarding the change in social roles and substance use in people with mood disorders. Emerging adults, especially those with mood disorders, are in a period of change and instability and at a greater risk for substance use and abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse de Azambuja Farias
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marielle Moro da Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francesca D'Angelo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thaise Campos Mondin
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Pedro V S Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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50
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Musco S, Hargett B, Shollenberger T, Kicklighter J, Carilli C. Impact of a multidisciplinary educational training program (OverdosED) on knowledge and perceptions of depressant substance use on a college campus. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:820-826. [PMID: 31944928 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1710153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Pilot study to assess the efficacy of a multidisciplinary educational training program (OverdosED) designed to increase college students' knowledge of and confidence in their ability to appropriately recognize and respond to suspected overdose on depressant substances. Participants: Undergraduate students (n = 92) with Greek life affiliations at a moderately-sized private liberal arts college in the southeastern USA. Methods: Electronic surveys were administered before and after delivery of the training program. Questions assessing knowledge of depressant substance overdose were compared to determine the impact of the educational intervention. Questions assessing participants' confidence in their ability to recognize and respond to overdose and their perceptions of campus culture were also compared. Results: Mean composite scores on knowledge-based questions were significantly higher for the post-intervention survey compared to the pre-intervention survey. Confidence in knowledge also significantly increased after the intervention. Mean scores for survey responses related to campus culture were high at baseline but significantly increased after the intervention. Conclusions: OverdosED successfully increased college students' knowledge of and confidence in their ability to appropriately recognize and respond to suspected overdose on depressant substances, and positively influenced perceptions on campus culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina Musco
- Department of Clinical Sciences, High Point University Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Brenden Hargett
- Department of Student Life, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Tara Shollenberger
- Department of Student Life, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Jackson Kicklighter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, High Point University Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Christina Carilli
- High Point University David R. Hayworth College of Arts and Sciences, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, USA
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