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Brunelli A, Cazzagon V, Faraggiana E, Bettiol C, Picone M, Marcomini A, Badetti E. An overview on dispersion procedures and testing methods for the ecotoxicity testing of nanomaterials in the marine environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171132. [PMID: 38395161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been devoted to develop or adapt existing guidelines and protocols, to obtain robust and reproducible results from (eco)toxicological assays on engineered nanomaterials (NMs). However, while many studies investigated adverse effects of NMs on freshwater species, less attention was posed to the marine environment, a major sink for these contaminants. This review discusses the procedures used to assess the ecotoxicity of NMs in the marine environment, focusing on the use of protocols and methods for preparing NMs dispersions and on the NMs physicochemical characterization in exposure media. To this purpose, a critical analysis of the literature since 2010 was carried out, based on the publication of the first NMs dispersion protocols. Among the 89 selected studies, only <5 % followed a standardized dispersion protocol combined with NMs characterization in ecotoxicological media, while more than half used a non-standardized dispersion method but performed NMs characterization. In the remaining studies, only partial or no information on dispersion procedures or on physicochemical characterization was provided. This literature review also highlighted that metal oxides NMs were the most studied (42 %), but with an increasing interest in last years towards nanoplastics (14 %) and multicomponent nanomaterials (MCNMs, 7 %), in line with the growing attention on these emerging contaminants. For all these NMs, primary producers as algae and bacteria were the most studied groups of marine species, in addition to mollusca, while organisms at higher trophic levels were less represented, likely due to challenges in evaluating adverse effects on more complex organisms. Thus, despite the wide use of NMs in different applications, standard dispersion protocols are not often used for ecotoxicity testing with marine species. However, the efforts to characterize NMs in ecotoxicological media recognize the importance of following conditions that are as standardized as possible to support the ecological hazard assessment of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brunelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice Mestre (VE), 30172, Italy.
| | - Virginia Cazzagon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice Mestre (VE), 30172, Italy
| | - Eleonora Faraggiana
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice Mestre (VE), 30172, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bettiol
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice Mestre (VE), 30172, Italy
| | - Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice Mestre (VE), 30172, Italy
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice Mestre (VE), 30172, Italy
| | - Elena Badetti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice Mestre (VE), 30172, Italy.
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Wang X, Li F, Teng Y, Ji C, Wu H. Characterization of oxidative damage induced by nanoparticles via mechanism-driven machine learning approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162103. [PMID: 36764549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of TiO2-based engineered nanoparticles (nTiO2) inevitably led to release into aquatic ecosystems. Importantly, increasing studies have emphasized the high risks of nTiO2 to coastal environments. Bivalves, the representative benthic filter feeders in coastal zones, acted as important roles to assess and monitor the toxic effects of nanoparticles. Oxidative damage was one of the main toxic mechanisms of nTiO2 on bivalves, but the experimental variables/nanomaterial characteristics were diverse and the toxicity mechanism was complex. Therefore, it was very necessary to develop machine learning model to characterize and predict the potential toxicity. In this study, thirty-six machine learning models were built by nanodescriptors combined with six machine learning algorithms. Among them, random forest (RF) - catalase (CAT), k-neighbors classifier (KNN) - glutathione peroxidase (GPx), neural networks - multilayer perceptron (ANN) - glutathione s-transferase (GST), random forest (RF) - malondialdehyde (MDA), random forest (RF) - reactive oxygen species (ROS), and extreme gradient boosting decision tree (XGB) - superoxide dismutase (SOD) models performed good with high accuracy and balanced accuracy for both training sets and external validation sets. Furthermore, the best model revealed the predominant factors (exposure concentration, exposure periods, and exposure matrix) influencing the oxidative stress induced by nTiO2. These results showed that high exposure concentrations and short exposure-intervals tended to cause oxidative damage to bivalves. In addition, gills and digestive glands could be vulnerable to nTiO2-induced oxidative damage as tissues/organs differences were the important factors controlling MDA activity. This study provided insights into important nano-features responsible for the different indicators of oxidative stress and thereby extended the application of machine learning approaches in toxicological assessment for nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Yuefa Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Zhu X, Teng J, Xu EG, Zhao J, Shan E, Sun C, Wang Q. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of plastic and metallic nanoparticles: A comparative study in shrimp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120069. [PMID: 36064064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastic is recognized as an emerging environmental pollutant due to the anticipated ubiquitous distribution, increasing concentration in the ocean, and potential adverse health effects. While our understanding of the ecological impacts of nanoplastics is still limited, we benefit from relatively rich toxicological studies on other nanoparticles such as nano metal oxides. However, the similarity and difference in the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic aspects of plastic and metallic nanoparticles remain largely unknown. In this study, juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was exposed to two types of nanoparticles at environmentally relative low and high concentrations, i.e., 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (nano-PS) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) via dietary exposure for 28 days. The systematic toxicological evaluation aimed to quantitatively compare the accumulation, excretion, and toxic effects of nano-PS and nano-TiO2. Our results demonstrated that both nanoparticles were ingested by L. vannamei with lower egestion of nano-TiO2 than nano-PS. Both nanoparticles inhibited the growth of shrimps, damaged tissue structures of the intestine and hepatopancreas, disrupted expression of immune-related genes, and induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Nano-PS exposure caused proliferative cells in the intestinal tissue, and the disturbance to the intestinal microbes was also more serious than that of nano-TiO2. The results indicated that the effect of nano-PS on the intestinal tissue of L. vannamei was more severe than that of nano-TiO2 with the same particle size. The study provides new theoretical basis of the similarity and differences of their toxicity, and highlights the current lack of knowledge on various aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) pathways of nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhu
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jia Teng
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Encui Shan
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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Hedayati SA, Sheikh Veisi R, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shahbazi Naserabad S, Bagheri D, Ghafarifarsani H. Effect of Dietary Lactobacillus casei on Physiometabolic Responses and Liver Histopathology in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3346-3354. [PMID: 34458957 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was performed to assess the dietary effect of Lactobacillus casei as a probiotic supplement on some serum biochemical parameters and liver histopathology in common carp fry after exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles (IoNPs). Six treatments were prepared as follows: control (no IoNP exposure and no dietary probiotic), P6: 106 CFU/g probiotic diet, P7: 107 CFU/g probiotic diet, NPs: 0.15 mg/l IoNPs, NPs + P6: 0.15 mg/l IoNPs with 106 CFU/g probiotic diet, and NPs + P7: 0.15 mg/l IoNPs with 107 CFU/gprobiotic diet. Based on the results, serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly increased in 0.15 mg/l IoNPs, P7, and NPs + P6 treatments compared to the control group. In addition, the examination of antioxidant enzymes showed a significant increase in the levels of cortisol and glutathione S-transferase as well as malondialdehyde level. IoNPs also caused significant histopathological changes in the fish liver during the experiment such as hyperemia in sinusoidal spaces, hepatocytes vacuolation and necrosis, pyknosis, and disruption of hepatic lobules and atrophy. Results revealed the protective effects of dietary L. casei to mitigate the adverse impacts of IoNPs on the physiological processes of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Aliakbar Hedayati
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Sheikh Veisi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | | | - Dara Bagheri
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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5
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Abstract
In the last decade, metal engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have seen an exponential use in many critical technologies and products, as well an increasing release into the environment. Coastal ecosystems worldwide may receive ENM-polluted waters and wastes, with a consequent alteration of habitats and contamination of aquatic biota. There is a scarcity of data regarding the fate of these emerging contaminants in such environments. Open issues include the determination of the sources, the quantification of the interactions with marine sediments, the bioaccumulation pathways, the ecotoxicology on marine fauna and the identification of the principal biotic and abiotic factors that may alter metal ENMs toxicity. Little is known about their potential transference into the food web, as well toxicity features and co-stressors of single or multiple ENMs under laboratory and real environmental conditions for various taxonomic phyla. This review reports current knowledge on the ecological impact of ENMs under the complex environmental conditions of estuary systems, identifies gaps in current knowledge and provides directions for future research.
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Murthy MK, Mohanty CS, Swain P, Pattanayak R. Assessment of toxicity in the freshwater tadpole Polypedates maculatus exposed to silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles: A multi-biomarker approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133511. [PMID: 34995626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs), especially silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), are widely used in various industrial applications and are released into the surrounding environment through industrial and household wastewater. They have enormous toxic effects on aquatic animals and amphibians. In the current study, a multi-biomarker approach was used to assess toxicity on Polypedates maculatus (P. maculatus) tadpoles collected from a freshwater pond and exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Ag-NPs (1, 5 and 10 mg L-1) and ZnO-NPs (1, 10 and 50 mg L-1). A significant bioaccumulation of silver (Ag) and Zinc (Zn) was observed in the blood, liver, kidney and bones in comparison to control tadpoles. Blood parameters (Red blood cells (RBC), Hematocrit (Htc), White blood cells (WBC), monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils), immunological markers (ACH50, lysozyme, total Ig, total protein, albumin, and globulin), biochemical markers (glucose, cortisol, cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine transaminase (ALT), asparatate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine) and the oxidative stress marker (LPO) of serum were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in Ag/ZnO-NPs exposed groups when compared to the control groups. The levels of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) in the ZnO NP-exposed groups were significantly different from those in the control group. Antioxidant (SOD and CAT) levels were significantly declined in the treatment groups. Based on the results, Ag/ZnO-NPs are toxic to aquatic organisms and amphibians at sub-lethal concentrations. The species P. maculatus can be used as a bioindicator for the nanomaterial (NM) contamination of freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meesala Krishna Murthy
- Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mohanty
- Plant Genomic Resources and Improvement Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyabrata Swain
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Rojalin Pattanayak
- Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
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7
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Alhajjar RK, Ghannam RB, Chen See JR, Wright OG, Campa MF, Hazen TC, Lamendella R, Techtmann SM. Comparative study of the effects of biocides and metal oxide nanoparticles on microbial community structure in a stream impacted by hydraulic fracturing. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131255. [PMID: 34214929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our study goal was to investigate the impact of biocides and nanoparticles (NPs) on the microbial diversity in a hydraulic fracturing impacted stream. Biocides and NPs are known for their antimicrobial properties and controlling microbial growth. Previous work has shown that biocides can alter the microbial community composition of stream water and may select for biocide-resistant bacteria. Additional studies have shown that nanoparticles can also alter microbial community composition. However, previous work has often focused on the response to a single compound. Here we provide a more thorough analysis of the microbial community response to three different biocides and three different nanoparticles. A microcosm-based study was undertaken that exposed stream microbial communities to either biocides or NPs. Our results showed a decrease in bacterial abundance with different types of nanoparticles, but an increase in microbial abundance in biocide-amended treatments. The microbial community composition (MCC) was distinct from the controls in all biocide and NP treatments, which resulted in differentially enriched taxa in the treatments compared to the controls. Our results indicate that NPs slightly altered the MCC compared to the biocide-treated microcosms. After 14 days, the MCC in the nanoparticle-treated conditions was similar to the MCC in the control. Conversely, the MCC in the biocide-treated microcosms was distinct from the controls at day 14 and distinct from all conditions at day 0. This finding may point to the use of NPs as an alternative to biocides in some settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab K Alhajjar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Ryan B Ghannam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Fernanda Campa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Terry C Hazen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Stephen M Techtmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
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8
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Horiuchi R, Ozawa M, Tomii T, Kashiwada S, Miyanishi N. Structural analysis of N-glycans in medaka gut exposed to silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58799-58806. [PMID: 34120284 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are in general use in a broad range of industries. However, there are concerns that their intense use leads to heavy damage to the aquatic environment, and their discharge harms many aquatic organisms. N-Glycans are widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms and are intimately involved in most life phenomena. However, little is known about N-glycans in aquatic organisms exposed to nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated how nanomaterials affect N-glycans in the gut of adult female medaka. We found that silver nanoparticles exposure had little effect on gut N-glycans, whereas titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) exposure increased the relative levels of several N-glycans in comparison with control. Structural analysis showed high levels of N-glycans of the high-mannose type, of which five N-glycans were free N-glycans with one β-N-acetylglucosamine residue on the reducing end. The levels of free N-glycans are closely related to protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol. Our results suggest that TiO2NPs exposure increases the levels of misfolded glycoproteins, resulting in generation of considerable amounts of free N-glycans. Our findings also suggest that TiO2NPs exposure suppresses cytosolic α-mannosidase trimming. This study provides new evidence for the effect of TiO2NPs on medaka gut from the aspect of environmental glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Horiuchi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Mika Ozawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Tomii
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Miyanishi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
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Cionti C, Cosaert E, Deshayes G, Falletta E, Meroni D, Bianchi CL, Poelman D. Self-cleaning, photocatalytic films on aluminum plates for multi-pollutant air remediation: promoting adhesion and activity by SiO 2interlayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:475710. [PMID: 34388747 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1d76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles have come under close scrutiny for their possible health and environmental issues, making them less attractive for photocatalytic applications in air or water purification. Replacing free nano-powders with active and stable films is thus a fundamental step towards developing effective photocatalytic devices. Aluminum represents a cheap and technologically-relevant substrate, but its photocatalytic applications have been hampered by adhesion issues and metal ion diffusion within the photocatalytic layer. In this work, the use of silica interlayers is investigated as a strategy to promote adhesion, efficiency and reusability of TiO2films deposited on aluminum plates. Films were prepared from stable titania sols to avoid the use of nano-powders. Aluminum substrates with different surface morphology were investigated and the role of the silica interlayer thickness was studied. Films were extensively characterized, studying their structure, morphology, optical properties, adhesion and hardness. Self-cleaning properties were studied with respect to their superhydrophilicity and ability to resist fouling via alkylsilanes. Photocatalytic degradation tests were carried out using both volatile organic compounds and NOx, also in recycle tests. The presence of the silica interlayer proved crucial to promote the film robustness and photocatalytic activity. The substrate morphology determined the optimal interlayer thickness, especially in terms of the film reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cionti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Milan, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Florence, Italy
| | - Ewoud Cosaert
- Ghent University, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Deshayes
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Milan, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Falletta
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Milan, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Meroni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Milan, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia L Bianchi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Milan, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Florence, Italy
| | - Dirk Poelman
- Ghent University, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Applications of nanomaterials cause a general concern on their toxicity when they intentionally (such as in medicine) or unintentionally (environment exposure) enter into the human body. As a special subpopulation, pregnant women are more susceptible to nanoparticle (NP)-induced toxicity. More importantly, prenatal exposures may affect the entire life of the fetus. Through blood circulation, NPs may cross placental barriers and enter into fetus. A cascade of events, such as damage in placental barriers, generation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered gene expression, may induce delayed or abnormal fetal development. The physicochemical properties of NPs, exposure time, and other factors directly affect nanotoxicity in pregnant populations. Even though results from animal studies cannot directly extrapolate to humans, compelling evidence has already shown that, for pregnant women, caution must be taken when dealing with nanomedicines or NP pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjin Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Samaee SM, Atashbar Kangarloei B, Noori F, Estévez A. An Endeavor to Find Starter Feed Alternatives and Techniques for Zebrafish First-Feeding Larvae: The Effects on Viability, Morphometric Traits, Digestive Enzymes, and Expression of Growth-Related Genes. Zebrafish 2021; 18:73-91. [PMID: 33538651 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low and variable growth and survival rates (SR) of 6-10 days postfertilization zebrafish larvae are a problem. This problem seems to be linked to starter feed characteristics. This study is an attempt to find alternatives to address these requests. For this, larvae were fed fresh and lyophilized microalgae (Chlorella, Scenedesmus, and Haematococcus), egg yolk (YOLK), lyophilized Artemia nauplii (LAN), and a combination of them. The lowest SR was observed in algae-fed larvae. All died on day 11 showing an emaciated appearance, similar to starved larvae. The highest SR was observed in YOLK- and LAN-fed larvae, which also showed an elongated anterior part of the body. Negative correlations of SR with vegfaa (vascular endothelial growth factor) and morphometric traits with igf2a (insulin-like growth factor) were also found and supported by changes at the molecular level. The presence of algae in the digestive tract of the larvae and the observation of fecal droppings indicate that the algae have an appropriate size and are palatable. The increase in the digestive enzyme activity shows the larval effort to digest the algae. The fact that the algae-fed larvae died even before the larvae were kept in starvation indicates the dramatic amount of energy that the larvae spent in microalgae digestion. Although both YOLK- and LAN-fed larvae had the highest SR, LAN group started to feed on Artemia nauplii sooner. This can be linked to the delayed growth in YOLK-fed larvae and an accelerated growth in the case of LAN-fed group. LAN is an expensive feed with negative effects on water quality, whereas YOLK is a cheap and nutritionally balanced feed with fine granular texture that contributes to a larval SR similar to LAN without affecting water quality. In conclusion, microalgae cannot be considered a suitable starter food for zebrafish, whereas LAN and YOLK can be considered good starter feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behrooz Atashbar Kangarloei
- Department of Ecology and Resource Assessment, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Noori
- Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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12
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Recent Developments in the Application of Nanomaterials in Agroecosystems. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122411. [PMID: 33276643 PMCID: PMC7761570 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology implies the scientific research, development, and manufacture, along with processing, of materials and structures on a nano scale. Presently, the contamination of metalloids and metals in the soil has gained substantial attention. The consolidation of nanomaterials and plants in ecological management has received considerable research attention because certain nanomaterials could enhance plant seed germination and entire plant growth. Conversely, when the nanomaterial concentration is not properly controlled, toxicity will definitely develop. This paper discusses the role of nanomaterials as: (1) nano-pesticides (for improving the plant resistance against the biotic stress); and (2) nano-fertilizers (for promoting the plant growth by providing vital nutrients). This review analyzes the potential usages of nanomaterials in agroecosystem. In addition, the adverse effects of nanomaterials on soil organisms are discussed. We mostly examine the beneficial effects of nanomaterials such as nano-zerovalent iron, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, nano-hydroxyapatite, carbon nanotubes, and silver- and copper-based nanomaterials. Some nanomaterials can affect the growth, survival, and reproduction of soil organisms. A change from testing/using nanomaterials in plants for developing nanomaterials depending on agricultural requirements would be an important phase in the utilization of nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture. Conversely, the transport as well as ecological toxicity of nanomaterials should be seriously examined for guaranteeing its benign usage in agriculture.
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13
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Optimizing the dispersion of nanoparticulate TiO2-based UV filters in a non-polar medium used in sunscreen formulations – The roles of surfactants and particle coatings. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Han Y, Shi W, Rong J, Zha S, Guan X, Sun H, Liu G. Exposure to Waterborne nTiO 2 Reduces Fertilization Success and Increases Polyspermy in a Bivalve Mollusc: A Threat to Population Recruitment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12754-12763. [PMID: 31596577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization success is crucial for the population recruitment of an organism. However, little is known about the threat of nanoparticles (NPs) to the fertilization of broadcast spawners. Therefore, the effects of nTiO2 on fertilization success, polyspermy rate, sperm velocity, gametic DNA damage, sperm-egg collision probability, gamete fusion, and oocyte ultrastructure were investigated in a broadcast spawning bivalve, Tegillarca granosa. The results obtained show that fertilization success significantly decreased, whereas polyspermy risk markedly increased upon nTiO2 exposure. In addition, nTiO2 exposure led to a significant reduction in sperm swimming velocity, which would subsequently constrain gamete collisions. In addition, nTiO2 exposure resulted in a significant decline in gamete fusion per collision along with aggravated DNA damage in gametes. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis illustrated the attachment of nTiO2 to the oocyte surface, which subsequently resulted in microvillus disassociation and plasma membrane damage. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest a significant threat from NP pollution to the recruitment of broadcast spawning invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jiahuan Rong
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xiaofan Guan
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
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15
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Hou J, Wang L, Wang C, Zhang S, Liu H, Li S, Wang X. Toxicity and mechanisms of action of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in living organisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:40-53. [PMID: 30473306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials in the consumer products, agriculture, and energy sectors. Their large demand and widespread applications will inevitably cause damage to organisms and ecosystems. A better understanding of TiO2 NP toxicity in living organisms may promote risk assessment and safe use practices of these nanomaterials. This review summarizes the toxic effects of TiO2 NPs on multiple taxa of microorganisms, algae, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. The mechanism of TiO2 NP toxicity to organisms can be outlined in three aspects: The Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced by TiO2 NPs following the induction of electron-hole pairs; cell wall damage and lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane caused by NP-cell attachment by electrostatic force owing to the large surface area of TiO2 NPs; and TiO2 NP attachment to intracellular organelles and biological macromolecules following damage to the cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Luyao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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16
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Da Silva GH, Clemente Z, Khan LU, Coa F, Neto LLR, Carvalho HWP, Castro VL, Martinez DST, Monteiro RTR. Toxicity assessment of TiO 2-MWCNT nanohybrid material with enhanced photocatalytic activity on Danio rerio (Zebrafish) embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:136-143. [PMID: 30195205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production and use of nanomaterials is causing serious concerns about their safety to human and environmental health. However, the applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) hybrids has grown considerably, due to their enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. To our knowledge, there are no reports available to the scientific community about their toxicity. In this work, we perform a toxicity assessment of TiO2NP and TiO2-MWCNT nanohybrid materials using Zebrafish embryos standardized 96 h early life stage assay, under different exposure conditions (with and without UV light exposure). After exposure the parameters assessed were acute toxicity, hatching rate, growth, yolk sac size, and sarcomere length. In addition, μ-probe X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (µ-XRF) was employed to observe if nanoparticles were uptaken by zebrafish embryos and consequently accumulated in their organisms. Neither TiO2NP nor TiO2-MWCNT nanohybrids presented acute toxicity to the zebrafish embryos. Moreover, TiO2NP presents sublethal effects for total length (with and without UV light exposure) on the embryos. This work contributes to the understanding of the potential adverse effects of the emerging nanohybrid materials towards safe innovation approaches in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela H Da Silva
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, EMBRAPA Environment, Jaguariuna, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Zaira Clemente
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, EMBRAPA Environment, Jaguariuna, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Latif U Khan
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francine Coa
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais L R Neto
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hudson W P Carvalho
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera L Castro
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, EMBRAPA Environment, Jaguariuna, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T Martinez
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Regina T R Monteiro
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Samaee SM, Manteghi N, Yokel RA, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR. Morphometric characteristics and time to hatch as efficacious indicators for potential nanotoxicity assay in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:3063-3076. [PMID: 30183097 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of nano-sized titania (nTiO2 ) on hatching events (change in hatching time and total hatching) in zebrafish have been reported, additional consequences of nTiO2 exposure (i.e., the effects of nTiO2 -induced changes in hatching events and morphometric parameters on embryo-larvae development and survivability) have not been reported. To address this knowledge gap, embryos 4 h postfertilization were exposed to nTiO2 (0, 0.01, 10, and 1000 μg/mL) for 220 h. Hatching rate (58, 82, and 106 h postexposure [hpe]), survival rate (8 times from 34 to 202 hpe), and 21 morphometric characteristics (8 times from 34 to 202 hpe) were recorded. Total hatching (rate at 106 hpe) was significantly and positively correlated to survival rate, but there was no direct association between nTiO2 -induced change in hatching time (hatching rate at 58 and 82 hpe) and survival rate. At 58, 82, and 106 hpe, morphometric characteristics were significantly correlated to hatching rate, suggesting that the nTiO2 -induced change in hatching time can affect larval development. The morphometric characteristics that were associated with change in hatching time were also significantly correlated to survival rate, suggesting an indirect significant influence of the nTiO2 -induced change in hatching time on survivability. These results show a significant influence of nTiO2 -induced change in hatching events on zebrafish embryo-larvae development and survivability. They also show that morphometric maldevelopments can predict later-in-life consequences (survivability) of an embryonic exposure to nTiO2 . This suggests that zebrafish can be sensitive biological predictors of nTiO2 acute toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3063-3076. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Mohammadreza Samaee
- Aquatic Lab, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Manteghi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert A Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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18
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Xu F. Review of analytical studies on TiO 2 nanoparticles and particle aggregation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, stabilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:662-677. [PMID: 30173113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in industrial and consumer products. Comprehensive and accurate detection, characterization, and quantification of TiO2 NPs are important for understanding the specific property, behavior, fate, and potential risk of TiO2 NPs in natural and engineered environments. This review provides a summary of recent analytical studies of TiO2 NPs and their aggregation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, stabilization under a wide range of conditions and processes. Much attention is paid on sample preparation prior to an analytical procedure, analysis of particle size, morphology, structure, state, chemical composition, surface properties, etc., via measurements of light scattering and zeta potential, microscopy, spectroscopy, and related techniques. Recently, some advanced techniques have also been explored to characterize TiO2 NPs and their behaviors in the environment. Many issues must be considered including distinction between engineered TiO2 NPs and their naturally occurring counterparts, lack of reference materials, interlaboratory comparison, when analyzing low concentrations of TiO2 NPs and their behaviors in complex matrices. No "ideal" technique has emerged as each technique has its own merits, biases, and limitations. Multi-method approach is highlighted to provide in-depth information. Improvements of analytical method for determination of TiO2 NPs have been recommended to be together with exposure modelers and ecotoxicologists for maximum individual and mutual benefit. Future work should focus on developing analytical technology with the advantages of being reliable, sensitive, selective, reproducible, and capable of in situ detection in complicated sample system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7431, USA.
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19
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Long Z, Wu YP, Gao HY, Zhang J, Ou X, He RR, Liu M. In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of halloysite nanotubes. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7204-7216. [PMID: 32254633 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because of their outstanding properties, increasing numbers of research studies and emerging applications for manufacturing products are currently in progress for halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). Therefore, the impact of HNTs on the environment and human health should be taken into consideration. In order to clearly show the cell uptake of HNTs and the biodistribution of HNTs in zebrafish, HNTs are labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-HNTs). The cytotoxicity assays showed that the cell viabilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were above 60% after being treated with different concentrations of HNTs (2.5-200 μg mL-1) for 72 h. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results showed the uptake of HNTs by HUVECs and MCF-7 cells. The in vivo toxicity of HNTs was then investigated in the early development of zebrafish embryos. The percent survival of zebrafish embryos and larvae showed no significant changes at different developmental stages (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hpf) when treated with various concentrations of HNTs (0.25-10 mg mL-1). Besides, HNTs could promote the hatchability of zebrafish embryos and did not affect the morphological development of zebrafish at a concentration of ≤25 mg mL-1. HNTs could also be ingested by zebrafish larvae and accumulated predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract. The fluorescence intensity of FITC-HNTs decreased gradually with time, which suggested that HNTs could be excreted by zebrafish larvae through the gastrointestinal metabolism. Therefore, it can be concluded that HNTs are relatively biocompatible nanomaterials, which can be utilized in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheru Long
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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20
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Morelli E, Gabellieri E, Bonomini A, Tognotti D, Grassi G, Corsi I. TiO 2 nanoparticles in seawater: Aggregation and interactions with the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:184-193. [PMID: 29055202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been widely employed in industrial applications, thus rising concern about their impact in the aquatic environment. In this study we investigated the chemical behaviour of TiO2 NPs in the culture medium and its effect on the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta, in terms of growth inhibition, oxidative stress, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) accumulation and chlorophyll content. In addition, the influence of exopolymeric substances (EPS) excreted by the microalgae on the stability of NPs has been evaluated. The physicochemical characterization showed a high propensity of TiO2 NPs to form micrometric-sized aggregates within 30min, large enough to partially settle to the bottom of the test vessel. Indeed, an increasing amount of TiO2 particles settled out with time, but the presence of EPS seemed to mitigate this behaviour in the first 6h of exposure where the main effects in D. tertiolecta were observed. TiO2 NPs did not inhibit the 72-h growth rate of D. tertiolecta, nor affected the cellular chlorophyll concentration in the range 0.01-10mgL-1. The time-course of ROS production showed an initial transient increase of ROS in TiO2 NP-exposed algae compared to the control, concomitant with an enhancement of catalase activity. Interestingly, intracellular ROS was a small fraction of total ROS, the highest amount being extracellular. The occurrence of cell-mediated chemical transformations of TiO2 NPs in the external medium, related to the presence of EPS, has been evaluated. Our results showed that carbohydrates were the major component of EPS, whereas proteins of medium molecular weight (20-80kDa) were preferentially bound to TiO2 NPs, likely influencing their biological fate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edi Gabellieri
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonomini
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Danika Tognotti
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Grassi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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21
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Maya N, Crispo C, McFarland V, Nasuhoglu D, Isazadeh S, Yargeau V, Metcalfe CD. Toxicity of extracts from municipal wastewater to early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to evaluate removals of micropollutants by wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:136-144. [PMID: 28792110 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of municipal wastewater reduces the concentrations of some pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), hormones, and drugs of abuse. However, reduced concentrations of these micropollutants in wastewater may not correlate with reduced toxicity because transformations of micropollutants and/or the formation of disinfection by-products may generate toxic compounds. In the present study, we prepared extracts by solid phase extraction of samples collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) at various stages of treatment and tested these extracts for toxicity to early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Toxicity data for extracts prepared from a WWTP with secondary treatment showed that the numbers of exposed embryos (n = 12 per treatment) that did not hatch increased from 1 of 12 for the treatment with untreated effluent to 5 of 12 for the treatment with final treated effluent. For extracts prepared from a WWTP with tertiary treatment, toxicity among exposed embryos (n = 12 per treatment) also increased with each step of wastewater treatment, as shown by mortalities of 2 of 12 and 8 of 12 in treatments with extracts from untreated and final treated effluent, respectively, as well as an increase in the numbers of embryos that did not hatch from 2 of 12 to 9 of 12 in treatments with untreated and final treated effluent, respectively. Ozonation of treated wastewater collected from a third WWTP caused a high incidence of delayed hatch in exposed embryos (n = 24 per treatment). However, hatching success and the numbers of developmental abnormalities in embryos from this ozonation treatment were not different from controls. The present study shows the value of including toxicity testing to assess the effectiveness of technologies for treatment of municipal wastewater. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:136-144. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Maya
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calvin Crispo
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria McFarland
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deniz Nasuhoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siavash Isazadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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Ghafari Farsani H, Binde Doria H, Jamali H, Hasanpour S, Mehdipour N, Rashidiyan G. The protective role of vitamin E on Oreochromis niloticus exposed to ZnONP. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:1-7. [PMID: 28689069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated if ZnONPs induce oxidative stress, immunological impairment and cellular damage in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), as well as the possible protective effect of vitamin E. Fish were fed for ten days and five study groups were investigated: controls, two ZnONPs concentrations (1.5 and 2.5mgL-1) and 1.5 and 2.5mgL-1 of ZnONPs + vitamin E (500mgkg-1 of food). O. niloticus treated with ZnONPs, showed decreased health in comparison with the control group and the groups that combined nanoparticles and vitamin E-supplemented diet. ZnONPs caused cell impairment by increasing ALT, AST and ALP activity and generated oxidative stress by inhibiting SOD and CAT activity. Biochemical changes of these biomarkers were prevented by vitamin E, although this compound did not confer complete protection. In conclusion, ZnONPs are toxic to O. niloticus, affecting antioxidant defenses, with vitamin E acting protectively against this toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghafari Farsani
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Halina Binde Doria
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Laboratory of Cellular Toxicology, Department of Cellular Biology, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Hadi Jamali
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Soleiman Hasanpour
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Neda Mehdipour
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Rashidiyan
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Balbi T, Camisassi G, Montagna M, Fabbri R, Franzellitti S, Carbone C, Dawson K, Canesi L. Impact of cationic polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH 2) on early embryo development of Mytilus galloprovincialis: Effects on shell formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:1-9. [PMID: 28759811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential release of nanoparticles (NPs) into aquatic environments represents a growing concern for their possible impact on aquatic organisms. In this light, exposure studies during early life stages, which can be highly sensitive to environmental perturbations, would greatly help identifying potential adverse effects of NPs. Although in the marine bivalve Mytilus spp. the effects of different types of NPs have been widely investigated, little is known on the effects of NPs on the developing embryo. In M. galloprovincialis, emerging contaminants were shown to affect gene expression profiles during early embryo development (from trocophorae-24 hpf to D-veligers-48 hpf). In this work, the effects of amino-modified polystyrene NPs (PS-NH2) on mussel embryos were investigated. PS-NH2 affected the development of normal D-shaped larvae at 48 hpf (EC50 = 0.142 mg/L). Higher concentrations (5-20 mg/L) resulted in high embryotoxicity/developmental arrest. At concentrations ≅ EC50, PS-NH2 affected shell formation, as shown by optical and polarized light microscopy. In these conditions, transcription of 12 genes involved in different biological processes were evaluated. PS-NH2 induced dysregulation of transcription of genes involved in early shell formation (Chitin synthase, Carbonic anhydrase, Extrapallial Protein) at both 24 and 48 hpf. Decreased mRNA levels for ABC transporter p-glycoprotein-ABCB and Lysozyme were also observed at 48 hpf. SEM observations confirmed developmental toxicity at higher concentrations (5 mg/L). These data underline the sensitivity of Mytilus early embryos to PS-NH2 and support the hypothesis that calcifying larvae of marine species are particularly vulnerable to abiotic stressors, including exposure to selected types of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Camisassi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Montagna
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Fabbri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Cristina Carbone
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Kenneth Dawson
- Centre for BioNanoInteractions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
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24
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Hu Q, Guo F, Zhao F, Fu Z. Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure on parkinsonism in zebrafish larvae and PC12. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:373-379. [PMID: 28129614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials hold significant potential for industrial and biomedical application these years. Therefore, the relationship between nanoparticles and neurodegenerative disease is of enormous interest. In this contribution, zebrafish embryos and PC12 cell lines were selected for studying neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). After exposure of different concentrations of TiO2 NPs to embryos from fertilization to 96 hpf, the hatching time of zebrafish was decreased, accompanied by an increase in malformation rate. However, no significant increases in mortality relative to control were observed. These results indicated that TiO2 NPs exposure hold a risk for premature of zebrafish embryos, but not fatal. The further investigation confirmed that TiO2 NPs could accumulate in the brain of zebrafish larvae, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death of hypothalamus. Meanwhile, q-PCR analysis showed that TiO2 NPs exposure increased the pink1, parkin, α-syn and uchl1 gene expression, which are related with the formation of Lewy bodies. We also observed loss of dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish and in vitro. These remarkable hallmarks are all linked to these Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms. Our results indicate that TiO2NPs exposure induces neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro, which poses a significant risk factor for the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Fengliang Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Fenghui Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Kim MS, Stees M, Karuturi BVK, Vijayaraghavalu S, Peterson RE, Madsen GL, Labhasetwar V. Pro-NP™ protect against TiO2 nanoparticle-induced phototoxicity in zebrafish model: exploring potential application for skin care. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:372-382. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Hu Q, Guo F, Zhao F, Tang G, Fu Z. Cardiovascular toxicity assessment of poly (ethylene imine)- based cationic polymers on zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:768-780. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1301773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengliang Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenghui Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guping Tang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Hazardous Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Ecosystem. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2017; 2017:4101735. [PMID: 28373829 PMCID: PMC5360948 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although nanoparticles (NPs) have made incredible progress in the field of nanotechnology and biomedical research and their applications are demanded throughout industrial world particularly over the past decades, little is known about the fate of nanoparticles in ecosystem. Concerning the biosafety of nanotechnology, nanotoxicity is going to be the second most priority of nanotechnology that needs to be properly addressed. This review covers the chemical as well as the biological concerns about nanoparticles particularly titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs and emphasizes the toxicological profile of TiO2 at the molecular level in both in vitro and in vivo systems. In addition, the challenges and future prospects of nanotoxicology are discussed that may provide better understanding and new insights into ongoing and future research in this field.
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Johnson M, Ates M, Arslan Z, Farah I, Bogatu C. Assessment of Crystal Morphology on Uptake, Particle Dissolution, and Toxicity of Nanoscale Titanium Dioxide on Artemia salina. JOURNAL OF NANOTOXICOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE 2017; 2:11-27. [PMID: 29333492 PMCID: PMC5761335 DOI: 10.4018/jnn.2017010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of nanomaterial toxicity is critical to avoid adverse effects on human and environment health. In this study, the influences of crystal morphology on physico-chemical and toxic properties of nanoscale TiO2 (n-TiO2) were investigated. Artemia salina were exposed to anatase, rutile and mixture polymorphs of n-TiO2 in seawater. Short-term (24 h) and long-term (96 h) exposures were conducted in 1, 10 and 100 mg/L suspensions of n-TiO2 in the presence and absence of food. Anatase form had highest accumulation followed by mixture and rutile. Presence of food greatly reduced accumulation. n-TiO2 dissolution was not significant in seawater (p<0.05) nor was influenced from crystal structure. Highest toxic effects occurred in 96h exposure in the order of anatase > mixture > rutile. Mortality and oxidative stress levels increased with increasing n-TiO2 concentration and exposure time (p<0.05). Presence of food in the exposure medium alleviated the oxidative stress, indicating that deprivation from food could promote toxic effects of n-TiO2 under long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217 USA
| | - Mehmet Ates
- Department of Bioengineering, Munzur University, Faculty of Engineering, Tunceli, 62000, Turkey
| | - Zikri Arslan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217 USA
| | - Ibrahim Farah
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217
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Vannuccini ML, Grassi G, Leaver MJ, Corsi I. Combination effects of nano-TiO2 and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on biotransformation gene expression in the liver of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 176-177:71-8. [PMID: 26235595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate the influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2, Aeroxide® P25) on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) dependent biotransformation gene expression in liver of juvenile European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. An in vivo 7day waterborne exposure was performed with nano-TiO2 (1mg/L) and 2,3,7,8-TCDD (46pg/L), singly and in combination. The mRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (Ahrr), estrogen receptor (erβ2), ABC transport proteins as Abcb1, Abcc1-c2-g2, cytochrome P450 (cyp1a), glutathione-s-transferase (gsta), glutathione reductase (gr) and engulfment and motility (ELMO) domain-containing protein 2 (elmod2) was investigated. Ahrr, erβ2, abcc1 and abcg2 resulted down-regulated with respect to controls in all experimental groups. Co-exposure to nano-TiO2 and 2,3,7,8-TCDD caused a further significant down regulation of ahrr, erβ2, Abcb1 and Abcc2 compared to single chemical exposure (nano-TiO2 or 2,3,7,8-TCDD alone). No effects were observed for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and nano-TiO2 alone in abcb1 gene, while abcc2 was down-regulated by nano-TiO2 alone. Cyp1a, gst and elmod2 genes were up-regulated by 2,3,7,8-TCDD and to a similar extent after co-exposure. Overall the results indicate that nano-TiO2 is unlikely to interfere with 2,3,7,8-TCDD-dependent biotransformation gene expression in the liver of European sea bass, although the effects of co-exposure observed in ABC transport mRNAs might suggest an impact on xenobiotic metabolite disposition and transport in European sea bass liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Vannuccini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Grassi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michael J Leaver
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Dan Y, Shi H, Stephan C, Liang X. Rapid analysis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in sunscreens using single particle inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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31
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Samaee SM, Rabbani S, Jovanović B, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Haghpanah V. Efficacy of the hatching event in assessing the embryo toxicity of the nano-sized TiO₂ particles in zebrafish: a comparison between two different classes of hatching-derived variables. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 116:121-128. [PMID: 25795996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nano-TiO2 toxicity to zebrafish embryos through evaluating the success in hatching in relationship with hours post-exposure instead of considering just the total hatching rate. Zebrafish embryos 4h post-fertilization were exposed to nTiO2 (0, 0.01, 10, and 1000 µg mL(-1)) for 130 h. The hatching rate (HR) was calculated for each concentration (treatment). The HR magnitude was significantly (p<0.001) correlated (using simple regression) to hours post-exposure time interval (hpe; 34, 58, 82, 106, and 130), noted as HR.hpe. The HR descriptive statistics (HRds) and the parameters of the regression models (i.e., constant, x, F, and r(2)) were recruited to define 15 HRds- and 4 h.hpe-derived variables, respectively. The efficacy of the variables was evaluated. Exposure to nTiO2 led to a significant: premature hatching and general decrease in time required for normal hatching; and change in HR and hpe interrelations in a dose-dependent manner. The major change in hatchability between the treatment and control occurred at 58 hpe (62 hpf), when the treatment with nTiO2 induced significant premature hatching compared to only 6% of the hatched embryos in the control at the same time point. EC10 and EC50 values that cause premature hatching at 58 hpe for nTiO2 are 0.073 µg mL(-1) and 107.2 µg mL(-1) respectively. In general(,) this study shows multivariate differences among exposure concentrations of nTiO2 recruiting hatching-derived endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14114-13137, Iran
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32
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Alkaladi A, El-Deen NAMN, Afifi M, Zinadah OAA. Hematological and biochemical investigations on the effect of vitamin E and C on Oreochromis niloticus exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:556-63. [PMID: 26288558 PMCID: PMC4537867 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the LC50 of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on Oreochromis niloticus and to investigate the effect of vitamin E and C on hematological and biochemical alterations induced by two sublethal concentrations (1 and 2 mg/L) of ZnONPs. One hundred and eighty fish were used for studying the lethal concentrations of ZnONPs. For sublethal study two hundred and twenty-five males of O. niloticus were equally divided into five groups, control, the second and the third were treated with 1 and 2 mg/L ZnONPs respectively. The fourth and fifth were exposed to the same concentrations of ZnONPs plus vitamins E and C. The results revealed that the 96 h LC50 of ZnONPs was 3.1 ± 0.4 mg/L. The sublethal study revealed the presence of normocytic normochromic anemia in groups (2, 3 and 5) along the experiment period. The 4th group showed normocytic normochromic anemia at the 7th day and microcytic hypochromic anemia at the 15th day. Leukocytosis, heterophilia, lymphopenia and monocytopenia were recorded at the 7th day in all treated groups compared with the normal control. At the 15th day heteropenia, lymphopenia and monocytopenia were reported in all treated groups. A significant increase in the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, urea, creatinine and erythrocytic nuclear and morphological abnormalities along the experimental periods in all treated groups compared with the normal control. Serum total protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased at the same period in the same groups. Addition of vitamin E and C to the diet (groups 4 and 5) significantly improved all measured parameters compared with groups (2 and 3) which treated with ZnONPs only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alkaladi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr A M Nasr El-Deen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Afifi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt ; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Abu Zinadah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Torre CD, Buonocore F, Frenzilli G, Corsolini S, Brunelli A, Guidi P, Kocan A, Mariottini M, Mottola F, Nigro M, Pozo K, Randelli E, Vannuccini ML, Picchietti S, Santonastaso M, Scarcelli V, Focardi S, Marcomini A, Rocco L, Scapigliati G, Corsi I. Influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin bioconcentration and toxicity in the marine fish European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:185-193. [PMID: 25463713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of nano-TiO(2) (1 mg L(-1)) on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(2,3,7,8-TCDD) (46 pg L(-1)) bioconcentration and toxicity in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during 7 days in vivo exposure. A multimarkers approach was applied in different organs: detoxification in liver; innate immunity and pro-inflammatory response and adaptive immunity in gills and spleen; genotoxicity in peripheral erythrocytes and muscle. Bioconcentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in presence of nano-TiO2 was investigated in liver, skin and muscle as well as interaction between nano-TiO2 and organic pollutants in artificial sea water (ASW). Nano-TiO2 negatively influenced immune response induced by 2,3,7,8-TCDD in spleen but not in gills and reduced the DNA damage induced by 2,3,7,8-TCDD in erythrocytes. nano-TiO2 did not interfere with 2,3,7,8-TCDD detoxification and bioconcentration according to the observed no interaction of the nano-TiO2 with organic pollutants in ASW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Della Torre
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Vignardi CP, Hasue FM, Sartório PV, Cardoso CM, Machado ASD, Passos MJACR, Santos TCA, Nucci JM, Hewer TLR, Watanabe IS, Gomes V, Phan NV. Genotoxicity, potential cytotoxicity and cell uptake of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the marine fish Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 158:218-229. [PMID: 25481788 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have physicochemical characteristics that make them useful in areas such as science, technology, medicine and in products of everyday use. Recently the manufacture and variety of these products has grown rapidly, raising concerns about their impact on human health and the environment. Adverse effects of exposure to nanoparticles have been reported for both terrestrial and aquatic organisms, but the toxic effects of the substances on marine organisms remain poorly understood. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of TiO2-NP in the marine fish Trachinotus carolinus, through cytogenotoxic methods. The fish received two different doses of 1.5 μg and 3.0 μg-TiO2-NP g(-1) by intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples were collected to analyze erythrocyte viability using the Trypan Blue exclusion test, comet assay (pH>13), micronucleus (MN) and other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA) 24, 48 and 72 h after injection. The possible cell uptake of TiO2-NP in fish injected with the higher dose was investigated after 72 h using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that TiO2-NP is genotoxic and potentially cytotoxic for this species, causing DNA damage, inducing the formation of MN and other ENA, and decreasing erythrocyte viability. TEM examination revealed that cell uptake of TiO2-NP was mainly in the kidney, liver, gills and to a lesser degree in muscle. To the extent of the authors' knowledge, this is the first in vivo study of genotoxicity and other effects of TiO2-NP in a marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline P Vignardi
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanogáfico 191, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508900, Brazil.
| | - Fabio M Hasue
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanogáfico 191, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508900, Brazil.
| | - Priscila V Sartório
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanogáfico 191, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508900, Brazil.
| | - Caroline M Cardoso
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanogáfico 191, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508900, Brazil.
| | - Alex S D Machado
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated College North of Minas Osmane Barbosa Avenue, 11111, JK, Montes Claros, MG 39404006, Brazil.
| | - Maria J A C R Passos
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanogáfico 191, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508900, Brazil.
| | - Thais C A Santos
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanogáfico 191, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana M Nucci
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanogáfico 191, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508900, Brazil.
| | - Thiago L R Hewer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 748, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508000, Brazil.
| | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508900, Brazil.
| | - Vicente Gomes
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanogáfico 191, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508900, Brazil.
| | - Ngan V Phan
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanogáfico 191, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508900, Brazil.
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McNeil PL, Boyle D, Henry TB, Handy RD, Sloman KA. Effects of metal nanoparticles on the lateral line system and behaviour in early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 152:318-23. [PMID: 24813264 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The unique physicochemistry and potential toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) requires innovative approaches for the assessment of toxicity to aquatic organisms. Here, the toxicity of Cu-NPs, Ag-NPs and TiO2-NPs on the lateral line system of free-swimming zebrafish embryos was investigated and compared to appropriate metal salts or bulk material controls. Fish were exposed for 4h at 96-h post-fertilization. Metal salt (CuSO4 and AgNO3) controls reduced the number of functional lateral line neuromasts (LLN) to <5% of unexposed controls, but no effect on LLN was observed for TiO2-NPs or Ag-NPs. Exposure to Cu-NPs caused only a 15% reduction in LLN. Performance of positive rheotaxis was reduced by Cu-NPs, Ag-NPs, and the metal salt controls. The data show that some metal NPs can affect LLN and fish behaviour (rheotaxis) important for survival, and that effects were different from those of comparable metal ion controls. Capsule: We demonstrate that behaviour is a particularly sensitive indicator of metal NP exposure in fish and highlight the interaction between behaviour and external tissue surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L McNeil
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK.
| | - David Boyle
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biomedical and Biological, Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Theodore B Henry
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Forestry Wildlife and Fisheries, and Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Richard D Handy
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biomedical and Biological, Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Katherine A Sloman
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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36
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Minetto D, Libralato G, Volpi Ghirardini A. Ecotoxicity of engineered TiO2 nanoparticles to saltwater organisms: an overview. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 66:18-27. [PMID: 24509165 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The innovative properties of nanomaterials make them suitable for various applications in many fields. In particular, TiO2 nanoparticles (nTiO2) are widely used in paints, in cosmetics and in sunscreens that are products accessible to the mass market. Despite the great increase in the use of such nanomaterials, there is a paucity of general information about their potential effects to the aquatic species, especially to saltwater ones. Moreover, the difficulties of determining the effective exposure scenario make the acquired information low comparable. In this work, questions about the complexity of the real exposure scenario determination are discussed. The state of the art, concerning the experimental activities with nTiO2 toward the saltwater organisms is firstly illustrated, providing statistical information about the different matrices, organisms and nanoparticles employed. A comparison of the nTiO2 ecotoxicity effects, grouped by taxonomic classes, is provided illustrating their relative experimental conditions. Findings show the need to develop specific protocols for toxicity tests with ENPs to control the variability of experimental conditions. Some advices are finally proposed for the future experimental activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Minetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Campo della Celestia 2737/b, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - G Libralato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Campo della Celestia 2737/b, 30122 Venice, Italy; ECSIN - European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology - Veneto Nanotech S.C.p.A., Viale Porta Adige 45, I-45100 Rovigo, Italy
| | - A Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Campo della Celestia 2737/b, 30122 Venice, Italy.
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37
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Clemente Z, Castro VLSS, Moura MAM, Jonsson CM, Fraceto LF. Toxicity assessment of TiO₂ nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos under different exposure conditions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 147:129-39. [PMID: 24418748 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) lies in their wide range of nanotechnological applications, together with low toxicity. Meanwhile, recent studies have shown that the photocatalytic properties of this material can result in alterations in their behavior in the environment, causing effects that have not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of two formulations of nano-TiO2 under different illumination conditions, using an experimental model coherent with the principle of the three Rs of alternative animal experimentation (reduction, refinement, and replacement). Embryos of the fish Danio rerio were exposed for 96h to different concentrations of nano-TiO2 in the form of anatase (TA) or an anatase/rutile mixture (TM), under either visible light or a combination of visible and ultraviolet light (UV). The acute toxicity and sublethal parameters evaluated included survival rates, malformation, hatching, equilibrium, and overall length of the larvae, together with biochemical biomarkers (specific activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acid phosphatase (AP)). Both TA and TM caused accelerated hatching of the larvae. Under UV irradiation, there was greater mortality of the larvae of the groups exposed to TM, compared to those exposed to TA. Exposure to TM under UV irradiation altered the equilibrium of the larvae. Alterations in the activities of CAT and GST were indicative of oxidative stress, although no clear dose-response relationship was observed. The effects of nano-TiO2 appeared to depend on both the type of formulation and the illumination condition. The findings contribute to elucidation of the factors involved in the toxicity of these nanoparticles, as well as to the establishment of protocols for risk assessments of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Clemente
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biossegurança, Embrapa CNPMA, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Funcional e Molecular, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - V L S S Castro
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biossegurança, Embrapa CNPMA, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - M A M Moura
- Laboratório da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, Instituto Biológico, APTA/SAA, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Jonsson
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biossegurança, Embrapa CNPMA, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - L F Fraceto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Funcional e Molecular, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, UNESP, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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Diniz MS, de Matos APA, Lourenço J, Castro L, Peres I, Mendonça E, Picado A. Liver alterations in two freshwater fish species (Carassius auratus and Danio rerio) following exposure to different TiO₂ nanoparticle concentrations. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:1131-1140. [PMID: 23931156 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613013238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TIO₂ NPs) and oxidative stress effects were studied in two freshwater fish species (Carassius auratus and Danio rerio) exposed for 21 days to different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100/mgL) of TiO₂ NPs and to a control (tap water). Additional fish were transferred to clean water for 14 days to assess the ability to recover from exposure to TiO₂ NPs. Activities of the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) (malondialdheyde) were measured as indicators of oxidative stress. Histological and ultra-structural changes in livers from both species of fish were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Results show a general GST activity increase according to TiO₂ NPs concentrations, which is in agreement with data from LPO. After 21 days, GST activities decreased possibly caused by suppression of GST synthesis as a result of severe stress. Histological and ultra-structural analysis of livers from exposed fish show degeneration of the hepatic tissue and alterations in hepatocytes such as glycogen depletion and an increase in lipofucsin lysosome-like granules. After a depuration period a partial recovery for biochemical markers and cells was observed. The results suggest that TiO₂ promotes alterations in hepatic tissues compatible with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário S Diniz
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Wu SM, Tsai PJ, Chou MY, Wang WD. Effects of maternal cadmium exposure on female reproductive functions, gamete quality, and offspring development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 65:521-536. [PMID: 23644582 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of maternal Cd(2+) exposure on female zebrafish (Danio rerio) were observed in females as well as their offspring. In females, Cd disturbed fecundity and other reproductive functions. In their offspring, it retarded gamete development and growth and influenced gene expression. There was a positive relationship between Cd(2+) contents in ovaries of females and treatment doses of 0-8.9 μM of Cd(2+). The mating rate decreased by 60 % when females were exposed to 8.9-35.6 μM of Cd(2+) for 72 h compared with the control group. It was observed that growth is delayed by one somite stage in maternal-Cd(2+) embryos compared with control embryos, which grew at the sixth-somite stage. The ceratohyal angles of larvae of Cd-exposed adults (maternal Cd(2+)) at 72 h postfertilization (hpf) appeared to have a positive response after doses of maternal Cd. In addition, approximately 30 % of 96-hpf larvae that were treated with a dose of 35.6 μM of maternal Cd(2+) appeared to have pericardial edema. At the 5-hpf stage of maternal Cd(2+) exposure, embryos showed 33 and 37 target genes, respectively, that were significantly downregulated and upregulated as shown by cDNA microarray analysis. A major effect of maternal Cd(2+) exposure on zebrafish embryo genes is that 18.9% of transcription functions were upregulated. In addition, 33.3% of transcripts relative to the function of protein biosynthesis were downregulated. These results showed that maternal Cd(2+) exposure influenced the reproduction ability of females and also caused their embryos to develop with abnormal gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mei Wu
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
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Das P, Xenopoulos MA, Metcalfe CD. Toxicity of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticle suspensions to the aquatic invertebrate, Daphnia magna. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 91:76-82. [PMID: 23708262 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the 48 h acute toxicity of capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and capped and uncapped titanium dioxide (nTiO₂) to Daphnia magna neonates. In addition, a 24 days chronic toxicity study was performed for D. magna exposed to uncapped nTiO₂ to evaluate effects on growth, reproduction and survival. The 48 h median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) for carboxy-functionalized capped AgNPs and uncapped nTiO₂ were 2.75 μg/L and 7.75 mg/L, respectively. In contrast, no mortalities were observed for Daphnia exposed to carboxy-functionalized capped nTiO₂ at concentrations up to 30 mg/L. In the chronic toxicity experiment with uncapped nTiO₂, the growth, reproduction and survival of D. magna were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced at concentrations ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 mg/L. Growth and reproduction were reduced by 35 % and 93 %, respectively in the treatments at the highest uncapped nTiO₂ concentration (7.5 mg/L). Time to first reproduction was delayed by 2-3 days in D. magna and the test organisms produced only 1-2 broods over 24 days exposure to the highest concentration of uncapped nTiO₂. Overall, the results from the present study indicate that exposures of aquatic invertebrates to nanoparticles could have important ecological effects on lower trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Das
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
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Fouqueray M, Noury P, Dherret L, Chaurand P, Abbaci K, Labille J, Rose J, Garric J. Exposure of juvenile Danio rerio to aged TiO₂ nanomaterial from sunscreen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3340-3350. [PMID: 23097072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of dietary exposure to artificially aged TiO₂ nanomaterial (T-Lite) used in sunscreen cream was studied on Danio rerio. Embryolarval assays were conducted to assess the effects of TiO₂ residues of nanomaterial (RNM) on fish early life stages. Juvenile fishes were exposed by the trophic route in two experiments. During the first experiment, juvenile fishes were exposed to TiO₂ RNM for 14 days by adding RNM to commercial fish food. The second one consisted in producing a trophic food chain. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algae, previously contaminated with TiO₂ RNM in growth medium, was used to feed Daphnia magna neonates over a 48-h period. Daphnia were used next to feed juvenile fishes for 7 days. Accumulation of Ti, life traits (survival and growth) and biochemical parameters such as energy reserves, digestive (trypsin, esterase, cellulose and amylase) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) enzyme activity were measured at the end of exposures. As expected in the receiving aquatic system, TiO2 RNM at low concentrations caused a low impact on juvenile zebrafish. A slight impact on the early life stage of zebrafish with premature hatching was observed, and this effect appeared mainly indirect, due to possible embryo hypoxia. When juvenile fish are exposed to contaminated food, digestive enzyme activity indicated a negative effect of TiO₂ RNM. Digestive physiology was altered after 14 days of exposure and seemed to be an indirect target of TiO₂ RNM when provided by food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Fouqueray
- IRSTEA Lyon, UR MALY, 5 rue de DOUA, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Ramsden CS, Henry TB, Handy RD. Sub-lethal effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the physiology and reproduction of zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:404-413. [PMID: 23084046 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There are limited data on the sub-lethal physiological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2) NPs) in adult fishes, and the consequences of TiO(2) NP exposure on reproductive success are also unclear. This study aimed to examine the sub-lethal effects of a 14-d aqueous TiO(2) (TiO(2) NP, 0.1 or 1.0 mg l(-1); TiO(2) bulk, 1.0 mg l(-1)) exposure on the physiology and reproductive health of zebrafish. After the 14-d exposure, fish were examined for haematology, whole body electrolyte and trace metal profiles, biochemistry, and histopathology. Then, during a 21-d post exposure recovery period, effects of the TiO(2) exposure on reproductive success were evaluated. Whole body Ti concentrations increased significantly in fish exposed to both the 1.0 mg l(-1) TiO(2) NP and bulk TiO(2) compared to controls, but concentrations returned to control levels by the end of the recovery period. No change in erythrocyte counts were observed, but there was a two-fold decline in leukocyte counts in all TiO(2) treatment groups relative to time-matched controls. Whole body electrolyte and trace metal profiles were not affected by exposure to TiO(2), and there were no changes in Na(+)K(+)-ATPase activity in brain, gill or liver tissues. Total glutathione (GSH) levels in brain, gill and liver tissues were higher in fish exposed to TiO(2) NP (both 0.1 and 1.0 mg l(-1)) compared to bulk TiO(2) and control fish. Histological examination of gill, liver, brain and gonad tissues showed little evidence of treatment-related morphological change. At the end of the 14-d exposure adult zebrafish were able to reproduce; however, the cumulative number of viable embryos produced was lower in fish exposed to 1.0 mg l(-1) TiO(2) (both NP and bulk) by the end of the 21-d recovery period. Overall, this study showed limited toxicity of bulk or nano scale TiO(2) during the exposure; however reproduction was affected in both bulk and NP 1.0 mg l(-1) groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Ramsden
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, The University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, UK
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Zhang G, Chen L, Chen J, Ren Z, Wang Z, Chon TS. Evidence for the Stepwise Behavioral Response Model (SBRM): the effects of Carbamate Pesticides on medaka (Oryzias latipes) in an online monitoring system. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:734-741. [PMID: 22264860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Stepwise Behavioral Response Model (SBRM), which is a conceptual model, postulated that an organism displays a time-dependent sequence of compensatory Stepwise Behavioral Response (SBR) during exposure to pollutants above their respective thresholds of resistance. In order to prove the model, in this study, the behavioral responses (BRs) of medaka (Oryzias latipes) in the exposure of Arprocarb (A), Carbofuran (C) and Methomyl (M) were analyzed in an online monitoring system (OMS). The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was utilized for patterning the obtained behavioral data in 0.1 TU (Toxic Unit), 1 TU, 2 TU, 5 TU, 10 TU and 20 TU treatments with control. Some differences among different Carbamate Pesticides (CPs) were observed in different concentrations and the profiles of behavior strength (BS) on SOM were variable depending upon levels of concentration. The time of the first significant decrease of BS (SD-BS) was in inverse ratio to the CP concentrations. Movement behavior showed by medaka mainly included No effect, Stimulation, Acclimation, Adjustment (Readjustment) and Toxic effect, which proved SBRM as a time-dependence model based on the time series BS data. Meanwhile, it was found that SBRM showed evident stress-dependence. Therefore, it was concluded that medaka SBR was both stress-dependent and time-dependent, which supported and developed SBRM, and data mining by SOM could be efficiently used to illustrate the behavioral processes and to monitor toxic chemicals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
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Khosravi K, Hoque ME, Dimock B, Hintelmann H, Metcalfe CD. A novel approach for determining total titanium from titanium dioxide nanoparticles suspended in water and biosolids by digestion with ammonium persulfate. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 713:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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