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Wulandari DA, Hartati YW, Ibrahim AU, Pitaloka DAE, Irkham. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 559:119701. [PMID: 38697459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
One of predominant contributors to global mortality is tuberculosis (TB), an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Inappropriate and ineffectual treatment can lead to the development of drug-resistant TB. One of the most common forms of drug-resistant TB is multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), caused by mutations in the rpoB and katG genes that lead to resistance to anti-TB drugs, rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), respectively. Although culturing remains the gold standard, it is not rapid thereby delaying potential treatment and potentially increasing the incidence of MDR-TB. In contrast, molecular techniques provide a highly sensitive and specific alternative. This review discusses the classification of biomarkers used to detect MDR-TB, some of the commonly used anti-TB drugs, and DNA mutations in MTB that lead to anti-TB resistance. The objective of this review is to increase awareness of the need for rapid and precise detection of MDR-TB cases to decrease morbidity and mortality of this infectious disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dika Apriliana Wulandari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Abdullahi Umar Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Nicosia 99010, Turkey; Research Center for Science, Technology and Engineering (BILTEM), Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Irkham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, 45363, Indonesia.
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2
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An In Silico and In Vitro study for Investigating Estrogenic Endocrine Effects of Emerging Persistent Pollutants using Primary Hepatocytes from Grey Mullet (Mugil Cephalus). ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is growing concern about the environmentally relevant concentrations of new emerging persistent organic pollutants, such as perfluorinated compounds and pharmaceuticals, which are found to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms at concentrations suspected to cause reproductive toxicity due to the activation of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β subtypes. Here, we use a combined in silico and in vitro approach to evaluate the impact of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and Enalapril (ENA) on grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) hepatic estrogen signaling pathway. ENA had weak agonist activity on ERα while PFNA showed moderate to high agonist binding to both ERs. According to these effects, hepatocytes incubation for 48 h to PFNA resulted in a concentration-dependent upregulation of ER and vitellogenin gene expression profiles, whereas only a small increase was observed in ERα mRNA levels for the highest ENA concentration. These data suggest a structure–activity relationship between hepatic ERs and these emerging pollutants.
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Preliminary Review of Sources, Fate, Analytical Challenges and Regulatory Status of Emerging Organic Contaminants in Aquatic Environments in Selected African Countries. CHEMISTRY AFRICA-A JOURNAL OF THE TUNISIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-019-00079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Cocci P, Capriotti M, Mosconi G, Palermo FA. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on estrogen receptor alpha and heat shock protein 60 gene expression in primary cultures of loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) erythrocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:616-624. [PMID: 28719870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) can be considered a good indicator species for studying the ecological impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on wildlife. However, the effect of these environmental pollutants on nuclear steroid hormone signaling has not yet been addressed in sea turtles mainly due to the legal constraints of their endangered status. Here we describe the use of primary erythrocyte cell cultures as in vitro models for evaluating the effects of different EDCs on the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα). In addition, we evaluated erythrocyte toxicity caused by EDCs using Alamar Blue assay and heat shock proteins 60 (HSP60) expression. Primary cultures of erythrocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (4NP), Diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), Tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TMCP) and Tributyltin (TBT) for 48h. Alamar Blue demonstrated that exposure of erythrocytes to each contaminant for up to 48h led to a significant impairment of cellular metabolic activity at 100μM, with the exception of TBT. Moreover, our data indicate that loggerhead erythrocytes constitutively express ERα and HSP60 at the transcript level and respond to EDCs by up-regulating their expression. In this regard, ERα was up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner after 48h exposure to both 4NP and TMCP. Interestingly, the dosage-dependent effects of DiDP on ERα expression were opposite in comparison to that obtained following exposure to the other tested compounds. This work provides the first indication regarding the potential of primary erythrocytes as study models for evaluating the effects of EDCs on sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Martina Capriotti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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Adeogun AO, Ibor OR, Onoja AB, Arukwe A. Fish condition factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and biotransformation responses in Sarotherodon melanotheron from a contaminated freshwater dam (Awba Dam) in Ibadan, Nigeria. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 121:74-86. [PMID: 26898991 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between condition factor (CF), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), phase 1 biotransformation (CYP1A isoforms) and contaminant burden has been studied in Sarotherodon melanotheron from a contaminated tropical freshwater dam (Awba Dam) and compared to a reference site (Modete Dam) in Southwest, Nigeria. A total of 89 fish (57 males and 32 females) was collected from Awba Dam and 95 fish (48 males and 47 females) from the reference site. In general, fish sampled from Awba Dam were bigger than reference site. Sediment samples were also collected from both sites for contaminant analysis. Expression of ppar and cyp1 isoforms was analyzed using validated real-time PCR, while CYP1A and PPAR protein levels were analyzed using immunochemical method with specific antibodies. CYP-mediated catalytic responses (EROD, MROD and BROD) were performed by biochemical methods. We observed significant increases in ppar and cyp1 isoforms mRNA in both male and female fish from Awba Dam, compared to the reference site. Catalytic activities of EROD, MROD and BROD paralleled cyp1 transcript levels. Sex-related differences in PPAR and CYP1A protein levels were also observed, showing higher CYP1A proteins in males, compared with females, and higher PPAR proteins in females compared with males. Principal component analysis (PCA) biplot showed positive relationships between biological responses (ppar isoforms), condition factor (CF) and sediment PCBs, PAHs, OCPs and heavy metal concentrations. The present study shows that S. melanotheron inhabiting Awba Dam are severely affected by different classes of environmental contaminants that target metabolic processes (PPAR) and biotransformation pathways (CYP1A) in male and female fish, compared to a reference site. Interestingly, fish from Awba Dam were exhibiting good growth (evidence by high CF values) that paralleled increases in the transcriptional activation of ppar and cyp1 isoforms, despite the high contaminant burdens, suggesting a possible contaminant-induced obesogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anyebe B Onoja
- Department of Virology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Solé M, Mañanós E, Blázquez M. Vitellogenin, sex steroid levels and gonadal biomarkers in wild Solea solea and Solea senegalensis from NW Mediterranean fishing grounds. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 117:63-74. [PMID: 27088613 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Specimens of Solea solea and Solea senegalenesis at different developmental stages were obtained from seven fishing grounds along the NW Mediterranean. Gonad development in males was classified into five stages, from early spermatogenesis to recovery, while four stages were considered in females, from growth to maturation. Vitellogenin (VTG) and sex steroid levels including an estrogen (estradiol, E2), two androgens (testosterone, T and 11-ketotestosterone, 11KT) and a progestin (17,20β-dihydroxy pregn-4-en-3-one, 17,20β-P or maturation inducing steroid, MIS) were analysed in plasma. Their levels were more clearly related to the developmental stage of the gonads than to the sampling site characteristics. In addition, enzyme activities in gonads, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE) were gender-dependent and higher in males than in females. Gonadal glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was enhanced in the most anthropogenic impacted sites. VTG was absent in males and very low or undetectable in immature females, while mature females exhibited high VTG levels, clearly related to the gonado-somatic index. Sex steroid levels (ng/ml) varied in males and females regardless of the species. E2 levels in females ranged from 0.22 to 6.98 while in males ranged from 0.11 to 0.27. T varied from 0.12 to 0.93 in females and from 0.56 to 1.36 in males, while 11KT in females fluctuated from 0.03 to 0.57 and from 0.26 to 6.42 in males. Similarly, MIS in females ranged from 0.75 to 3.71 and from 1.12 to 5.61 in males. The lack of endocrine disturbances was confirmed by histological examination of the gonads. This study informs on basal sex hormone levels and enzyme activities during gonadal maturation of wild Solea spp. that can be useful in the identification and further remediation of possible pollution events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solé
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - E Mañanós
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595, Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - M Blázquez
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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Adeogun AO, Ibor OR, Regoli F, Arukwe A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and biotransformation responses in relation to condition factor and contaminant burden in tilapia species from Ogun River, Nigeria. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 183-184:7-19. [PMID: 26743957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A major development in fishery science has been the Fulton's condition factor (CF) as a reliable physiological index of fish growth and health status (Fulton 1902). As a general rule, CF-value greater than 1 (>1) should be regarded as an indicator for good growth and health. Therefore, exposure of fish to contaminants in the environment will be expected to produce a reduction in scope for growth, since energy for growth will be allocated to overcome stressful conditions. In the present study, we hypothesized that tilapia species from Ogun River (Nigeria) are experiencing severe contaminant-induced obesogen effects leading to high CF (≥ 2) in fish with pathological alterations. The environmental obesogen hypothesis has related the interaction between environmental pollutants and PPAR isoform activation In this respect, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and biotransformation responses in relation to contaminant burden were investigated in a total of 1074 specimens of Tilapias species (Tilapia guineensis, Sarotherodon galileaus and Oreochromis niloticus) collected from three areas with different degrees of anthropogenic contamination and from a putative control site along the Ogun River. Liver mRNA expression of cytochrome cyp1 isoforms (cyp1a, 1b and 1c) and PPAR isoforms (ppar-α, β and γ) were analyzed using validated real-time PCR. Fish were also analyzed for CF and muscle contaminant burden (aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls). A significant increase in mRNA expression of cyp1- and ppar isoforms was observed in fish from polluted areas, and these results paralleled data on PCBs and PAHs tissue concentrations. Further, cyp1 isoforms showed clear sex-related differences, with higher mRNA expression in male fish than in females. Principal component analysis revealed a relationship between cyp1 isoforms, ppar-α, β, PCBs and PAHs and these interactions may suggest a crosstalk between AhR- and PPARs mediated pathways on metabolic and energetic processes. The PCA biplot also highlighted a positive relationship between ppar-γ, body weight, total length and PAHs. The CF for fish from all the sites was ≥ 2 indicating that this parameter may not be a reliable index for evaluating fish growth and health condition, especially in wild fish population exposed to complex cocktails of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Xu EGB, Morton B, Lee JHW, Leung KMY. Environmental fate and ecological risks of nonylphenols and bisphenol A in the Cape D'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 91:128-138. [PMID: 25561005 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenols (NPs) and bisphenol A (BPA) are the most common endocrine disruptors detected in the coastal waters of Hong Kong. The Cape D'Aguilar Marine Reserve (CAMR), the only marine reserve in Hong Kong is close to urbanized areas, thus the resident marine organisms are inevitably influenced by partially treated wastewater from adjacent sewage treatment plants (STPs). Elevated levels of NPs and BPA were detected in all seawater, sediment and biota samples collected from the CAMR. Estrogenic activities of seawater from the CAMR, and sludge and sewage from a nearby STP were assessed using yeast estrogen screen assay. We found aromatase, estrogen receptor and vitellogenin genes in the marine medaka fish Oryzias melastigma were significantly up-regulated after exposure to the reserve's seawater. According to a tissue-residue-based probabilistic risk assessment, the marine species living in the CAMR are having 35% and 21% of chance to be at risk due to exposure to NPs and BPA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis G B Xu
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Morton
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph H W Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Genovese G, Regueira M, Da Cuña RH, Ferreira MF, Varela ML, Lo Nostro FL. Nonmonotonic response of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor α gene expression after octylphenol exposure of Cichlasoma dimerus (Perciformes, Cichlidae). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 156:30-40. [PMID: 25146234 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In oviparous vertebrates, vitellogenin (VTG) is mainly produced by the liver in response to estrogen (E2) and its synthesis is traditionally coupled to estrogen receptor alpha induction. Even though VTG is a female-specific protein, chemicals that mimic natural estrogens, known as xenoestrogens, can activate its expression in males causing endocrine disruption to wildlife and humans. Alkylphenols such as nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) are industrial additives used in the manufacture of a wide variety of plastics and detergents, and can disrupt endocrine functions in exposed animals. For more than a decade, the freshwater cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus has been used for ecotoxicological studies in our laboratory. We recently found an up-regulation of VTG gene expression in livers of male fish exposed to OP, from a silent state to values similar to those of E2-induced fish. To better understand the underlying mechanisms behind the action of xenoestrogens, the aim of this study was to analyze the dose-response relationship of C. dimerus VTG and estrogen receptors (ERs) gene expression after waterborne exposure to 0.15, 1.5, 15, and 150μg/L OP for up to 1 month (0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). At the end of the experiment, histological features of exposed fish included active hepatocytes with basophilic cytoplasm and high eosinophilic content in their vascular system due to augmented expression of VTG. In testis, high preponderance of sperm was found in fish exposed to 150μg/L OP. A classic dose-response down-regulation of the expression of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, a "non-gender specific gene" used for comparison, was found with increasing OP concentrations. No VTG and very low levels of ERα were detected in control male livers, but an up-regulation of both genes was found in males exposed to 0.15 or 150μg/L OP. Moreover, VTG transcripts were significant as early as day 3 or day 1 of exposure to these OP concentrations, respectively. Nearly no response was detected in 1.5 and 15μg/L OP exposed-fish. Data was curve-fitted evidencing a nonmonotonic dose-response curve. Interestingly, ERβ2 mRNA expression was augmented above baseline levels only when males were exposed to the lowest OP concentration. We speculate that genomic control of vitellogenesis is under control of multiple steroid receptors with different affinities for ligands. ERβ isoform, only up-regulated with very low concentrations of ligand, would act as a sensors of OP (or E2) to induce ERα and VTG. With high OP concentrations, the expression of ERα isoform is promptly augmented, with the concomitant VTG transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Genovese
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Argentina.
| | - M Regueira
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - R H Da Cuña
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Argentina
| | - M F Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - M L Varela
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - F L Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Argentina
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10
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Zhang X, Xiong L, Liu Y, Deng C, Mao S. Histopathological and estrogen effect of pentachlorophenol on the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:805-816. [PMID: 24218168 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP), a typical organic pollutant and environmental endocrine disruptor, has been extensively used as a pesticide and biocide worldwide. In this study, the effects of PCP on the histological and hepatic system of the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were evaluated. Vitellogenin (VTG) was used as a biomarker to evaluate the estrogen effect of PCP. The results revealed that VTG was highly expressed and PCP exposure had histopathological effects on the rare minnow. Plasma and hepatic VTG concentrations increased when female rare minnows were exposed to ≥80 μg/L PCP and male rare minnows were exposed to 40 μg/L PCP (p < 0.05), which suggested that the VTG expression was evoked by PCP exposure. The results indicated that both plasma and liver tissue were suitable for VTG quantification. A significant decrease in the mRNA level of hepatic estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in male or juvenile was observed after exposure to ≥80 or ≥8 μg/L PCP, respectively; in contrast, increased mRNA levels of ERβ1, ERβ2, VTGI, and VTGII in male or juvenile were detected after exposure to ≥80 or ≥8 μg/L PCP, respectively. These results suggested that PCP has an estrogen effect and exists within different endocrine-disrupting pathways from other environmental contaminants. As such, VTG mRNA expression in the rare minnow may require transcription of the ERβ1 and ERβ2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Sue MJ, Yeap SK, Omar AR, Tan SW. Application of PCR-ELISA in molecular diagnosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:653014. [PMID: 24971343 PMCID: PMC4058250 DOI: 10.1155/2014/653014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) is an immunodetection method that can quantify PCR product directly after immobilization of biotinylated DNA on a microplate. This method, which detects nucleic acid instead of protein, is a much more sensitive method compared to conventional PCR method, with shorter analytical time and lower detection limit. Its high specificity and sensitivity, together with its semiquantitative ability, give it a huge potential to serve as a powerful detection tool in various industries such as medical, veterinary, and agricultural industries. With the recent advances in PCR-ELISA, it is envisaged that the assay is more widely recognized for its fast and sensitive detection limit which could improve overall diagnostic time and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jean Sue
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Cocci P, Mosconi G, Palermo FA. Effects of 4-nonylphenol on hepatic gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP1A1 and CYP3A4) in juvenile sole (Solea solea). CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1176-81. [PMID: 23866175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the modulatory effects of the xenoestrogen 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and β gene expression patterns in relation to the detoxification pathways mediated by cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP1A1 and CYP3A4). Waterborne 4-NP-induced effects were compared with those of 10(-8)M 17β-estradiol (E2) by using in vivo dose-response experiments carried out with juvenile sole (Solea solea). Compared to the controls, significantly higher levels of PPARα mRNAs were found in fish treated with E2 or 4-NP (10(-6)M) 3 d after exposure; the highest dose of 4-NP also caused up-regulation of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) transcript levels. On the contrary, PPARβ gene expression was not modulated by E2 or 4-NP. Our data show that 4-NP-induced PPARα mRNA levels coincide with suppression of CYP1A1 and CYP3A4 expression similarly to E2. The results from these in vivo studies suggest the presence of cross-talk between nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathways and PPARα that may result in modulation of CYP450 isoforms expression following 4-NP treatment in sole liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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13
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Palermo FA, Cocci P, Angeletti M, Felici A, Polzonetti-Magni AM, Mosconi G. Dietary Aloe vera components' effects on cholesterol lowering and estrogenic responses in juvenile goldfish, Carassius auratus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:851-861. [PMID: 23135154 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aloes are now considered a very interesting source of bioactive compounds among which phytosterols should play a major role. The present study is an attempt to investigate the hypocholesterolemic activity of Aloe vera associated with its impact on the reproductive status of juvenile goldfish. Therefore, the short- and long-term effects of feeding supplementary diet containing aloe components (20 mg aloe/g diet; 2%) on plasma lipids, plasma vitellogenin, and hepatic estrogen receptor α/β1 mRNA levels in goldfish were examined. Results of GC-MS for phytosterols show high abundance of β-sitosterol in freeze-dried powder of Aloe vera whole leaves. Moreover, a 2% aloe powder dietary supplement was not found estrogenic in juvenile goldfish after either 7- or 30-day treatment, but was consistent in plasma hypocholesterolemic effects following long-term exposure. The present data further support that plasma cholesterol modulation induced by phytosterols may not be related to estrogen-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco A Palermo
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca per Sviluppo e Gestione delle Risorse dell'Ambiente Marino e Costiero, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Lungomare A. Scipioni 6, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, AP, Italy.
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Palermo FA, Cardinaletti G, Cocci P, Tibaldi E, Polzonetti-Magni A, Mosconi G. Effects of dietary nucleotides on acute stress response and cannabinoid receptor 1 mRNAs in sole, Solea solea. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 164:477-82. [PMID: 23261992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the modulation of acute stress response by dietary nucleotides (NT) in sole, Solea solea. A basal diet was supplemented with levels of 0 (normal diet), or 0.4 g NT/kg dry diet for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, fish fed the normal and NT-supplemented diet were subjected to a standardized protocol of disturbance and sampled over a 24h recovery after the stressor exposure. Modulatory effects of NT on acute stress response (cortisol and glucose), proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cannabinoid receptor 1 splice variants (CB1A and CB1B) mRNA levels were studied. Both plasma cortisol and glucose levels of fish fed NT-supplemented diet were significantly lower than fish fed the control diet at 1 and 4h post-stress time-points. There are no significant effects of dietary NT on POMC and HSP70 mRNA levels. In our study, both CB1A and CB1B trascript levels were induced in fish fed the normal diet at 1 and 4h post-stress intervals. Collectively, the results obtained suggest that dietary NT modulates the CB1-like receptor mRNA expressions leading to attenuation in stressor-induced plasma cortisol level in sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca per lo Sviluppo e la Gestione delle Risorse dell'Ambiente Marino e Costiero (UNICRAM), Università degli Studi di Camerino, Lungomare A. Scipioni 6, I-63074 San Benedetto del Tronto (AP), Italy.
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