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Bedell JP, Dendievel AM, Gosset A, Mourier B. Combined Chemical and Ecotoxicological Measurements for River Sediment Management in an On-Land Deposit Scenario. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:436-452. [PMID: 37097447 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sediment management along engineered river systems includes dredging operations and sediment deposition in the sea (capping) or on land. Thus, determining the ecotoxicological risk gradient associated with river sediments is critical. In this study, we investigated sediment samples along the Rhône River (France) and conducted environmental risk assessment tests with the idea to evaluate them in the future for deposit on soil. Based on an on-land deposit scenario, the capacity of the sediment samples from four sites (LDB, BER, GEC, and TRS) to support vegetation was evaluated by characterising the physical and chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, grain size, C/N, potassium, nitrogen, and selected pollutants), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and metal trace elements. All tested sediments were contaminated by metallic elements and PCBs as follows: LDB > GEC > TRS > BER, but only LDB had levels higher than the French regulatory threshold S1. Sediment ecotoxicity was then assessed using acute (plant germination and earthworm avoidance) and chronic (ostracod test and earthworm reproduction) bioassays. Two of the tested plant species, Lolium perenne (ray grass) and Cucurbita pepo (zucchini), were highly sensitive to sediment phytotoxicity. Acute tests also showed significant inhibition of germination and root growth, with avoidance by Eisenia fetida at the least contaminated sites (TRS and BER). Chronic bioassays revealed that LDB and TRS sediment were significantly toxic to E. fetida and Heterocypris incongruens (Ostracoda), and GEC sediment was toxic for the latter organism. In this on-land and spatialised deposit scenario, river sediment from the LDB site (Lake Bourget marina) presented the highest potential toxicity and required the greatest attention. However, low contamination levels can also lead to potential toxicity (as demonstrated for GEC and TRS site), underlining the importance of a multiple test approach for this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Bedell
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
| | - André-Marie Dendievel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Antoine Gosset
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Brice Mourier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
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Saravanakumar K, Sivasantosh S, Sathiyaseelan A, Sankaranarayanan A, Naveen KV, Zhang X, Jamla M, Vijayasarathy S, Vishnu Priya V, MubarakAli D, Wang MH. Impact of benzo[a]pyrene with other pollutants induce the molecular alternation in the biological system: Existence, detection, and remediation methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119207. [PMID: 35351595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) in recent times is rather unavoidable than ever before. BaP emissions are sourced majorly from anthropogenic rather than natural provenance from wildfires and volcanic eruptions. A major under-looked source is via the consumption of foods that are deep-fried, grilled, and charcoal smoked foods (meats in particular). BaP being a component of poly aromatic hydrocarbons has been classified as a Group I carcinogenic agent, which has been shown to cause both systemic and localized effects in animal models as well as in humans; has been known to cause various forms of cancer, accelerate neurological disorders, invoke DNA and cellular damage due to the generation of reactive oxygen species and involve in multi-generational phenotypic and genotypic defects. BaP's short and accumulated exposure has been shown in disrupting the fertility of gamete cells. In this review, we have discussed an in-depth and capacious run-through of the various origins of BaP, its economic distribution and its impact as well as toxicological effects on the environment and human health. It also deals with a mechanism as a single compound and its ability to synergize with other chemicals/materials, novel sensitive detection methods, and remediation approaches held in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alwarappan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Life Sciences, Sri Sathya Sai University for Human Excellence, Navanihal, Karnataka, 585 313, India.
| | - Kumar Vishven Naveen
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Monica Jamla
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Sampathkumar Vijayasarathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Gawryluk A, Stępniowska A, Lipińska H. Effect of soil contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from drilling waste on germination and growth of lawn grasses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113492. [PMID: 35395602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In many studies, grasses were used to increase the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil because they are the most common plant species on the ground level and are quite resistant to contamination with these compounds. One of the main failures in PAH remediation in soil using plant species was the negative impact on germination and seedling growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate grass seed germination and seedling growth affected by drill cuttings to determine the resistance of selected grass species to the impact of PAH and their suitability for an effective phytoremediation of soils contaminated with waste that contain compounds from this group. In the study four grass species: tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), red fescue (Festuca rubra), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and common meadow-grass (Poa pratensis). The germination energy of all species decreased as the amount of drill cuttings increased. Among the species studied, the highest germination energy and capacity were found in Lolium perenne (54.1 and 73.2 respectively), and the lowest - in Poa pratensis (16.7 and 23.3 respectively). With an increasing amount of drill cuttings, the root and seedling height were decreased. Festuca arundinacea seedlings were distinctly the highest and had the longest roots (96.7 and 52.7, respectively), while Poa pratensis seedlings showed the significantly slowest seedling and root elongation rate (30.4 and 12.4, respectively). However, the strongest decrease in seedling height and root length compared to the control was observed in Festuca rubra. Based on IC50, the greatest tolerance to the addition of drilling waste to the substrate was found for Festuca arundinacea and Festuca rubra. The conducted investigation indicates that Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne are grass species that are least sensitive to drilling waste in the substrate because no significant differences were found in root length and seedling height between the control soil and the soil where a PAH dose of 5% and 10% was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gawryluk
- Department of Grassland and Landscape Shaping, Faculty of Agrobioengineering,University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Stępniowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy,University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Halina Lipińska
- Department of Grassland and Landscape Shaping, Faculty of Agrobioengineering,University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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Li Y, Ning W, Zhang J, Xu S, Jiang L, Chen Z, Zhang L. Effects of Lead (Pb) and Benzo [a] Pyrene (B[a]P) and their Combined Exposure on Element Accumulation in Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:955-960. [PMID: 34156501 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It was observed in this work that application of Pb and B[a]P co-exposure significantly (p < 0.05) reduced Pb content in ryegrass leaves and roots. The effect of Pb dominated the change of N, P, K, Cu, and Cr content in leaves and roots of ryegrass under joint stress of Pb and B[a]P. Principal component analysis showed that the foliar spraying of 400 μmol L-1 Pb and 80 μmol L-1 B[a]P had the best effect on improving the mineral element absorption under combined pollution. Ryegrass has strong resistance and certain Pb and B[a]P absorptive capacities, and can resist combined contamination by transferring N, P, K, Zn, Cu, and Cr contents between the overground and the root. These results highlight the potential capacity of ryegrass for use in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated by Pb and B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Wantong Ning
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiajiao Zhang
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sunan Xu
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lihong Zhang
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.
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Ge S, Gu J, Ai W, Dong X. Biotreatment of pyrene and Cr(VI) combined water pollution by mixed bacteria. Sci Rep 2021; 11:114. [PMID: 33420172 PMCID: PMC7794335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrene and chromium (Cr(VI)) are persistent pollutants and cause serious environmental problems because they are toxic to organisms and difficult to remediate. The toxicity of pyrene and Cr(VI) to three crops (cotton, soybean and maize) was confirmed by the significant decrease in root and shoot biomass during growth in pyrene/Cr(VI) contaminated hydroponic solution. Two bacterial strains capable of simultaneous pyrene biodegradation and Cr(VI) reduction were isolated and identified as Serratia sp. and Arthrobacter sp. A mixture of the isolated strains at a ratio of 1:1 was more efficient for biotreatment of pyrene and Cr(VI) than either strain alone; the mixture effectively carried out bioremediation of contaminated water in a hydroponic system mainly through pyrene biodegradation and Cr(VI) reduction. Application of these isolates shows potential for practical microbial remediation of pyrene and Cr(VI) combined water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Ge
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junxia Gu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Ai
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinjiao Dong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Wang L, Zhang W, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J, Yan S, Ahmad Z. Toxicity of enrofloxacin and cadmium alone and in combination to enzymatic activities and microbial community structure in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2593-2606. [PMID: 31073945 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and heavy metals have long-term potential toxicity to the environment, and their residuals in agricultural soils are receiving more and more attention. To evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of enrofloxacin and cadmium on soil enzymatic activities and microbial community structure, soil samples were exposed to individual and combined contaminants over 28 days. The results indicated that the toxic effects of enrofloxacin alone on soil enzymatic activities were relatively small and showed no concentration dependence. In contrast, significant inhibition of soil enzymatic activities was observed upon cadmium contamination by itself. Overall, the combination of two contaminants also has toxic effect on enzymatic activities; an antagonism between enrofloxacin and cadmium was observed. On 14 and 21 days, individual enrofloxacin and cadmium reduced average well color development (AWCD), Shannon, McIntosh, Simpson indices, and substrate utilization, except for Shannon, McIntosh, Simpson indices of the cadmium 0.4 mmol/kg treatment were higher than the control on 21 days. In general, combined treatments led to higher value of these microbial diversity indicators than those found under separate contamination, although there were some exceptions. With the increase in enrofloxacin concentration, the utilization of any carbon source by the microorganisms gradually decreased. In addition, the AWCD value and substrate utilization decreased as time increased. In the separate and combined contaminant treatments, the order of substrate utilization by soil microorganisms was aliphatics > amino acids > saccharides > metabolites. Thus, enrofloxacin and cadmium had a variable but generally negative influence on soil enzymatic activities and microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Saihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, 430072, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
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Zhang L, Zhou L, Han L, Zhao C, Norton JM, Li H, Hu F, Xu L. Benzo(a)pyrene inhibits the accumulation and toxicity of cadmium in subcellular fractions of Eisenia fetida. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:740-747. [PMID: 30557731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) often co-occur in the environment, and the critical body residue of organisms is used as an indicator of the toxic effects of contaminants. However, little is known about their distributions and toxicities when pollution of Cd and BaP are combined. Semi-static solution culture experiment was used to study the impacts of BaP on the subcellular distribution of the toxic metal Cd in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. We explored the mechanisms by which this organism responds to combined exposure to these pollutants by measuring the protein content of each of three subcellular fractions, as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. The subcellular partitioning of Cd was heterogeneous and Cd mainly accumulated in the cytosolic fraction (Fraction C), which was previously reported to be involved in metal immobilization. In Fraction C, Cd accumulation was correlated with the external concentration to which the earthworm had been exposed; however, in the presence of BaP, Cd accumulation was inhibited and plateaued at high external Cd concentrations. A principal component analysis revealed that this decreased Cd accumulation might be caused by increases in GST activity, which likely increased the excretion of Cd. BaP was also found to stimulate protein biosynthesis and upregulate AChE and GST activities in the debris fraction (Fraction E), indicating other potential detoxification mechanisms in this fraction. Granule fraction (Fraction D) had a lower protein content, AChE and GST activities than the other subcellular fractions, supporting previous findings that Fraction D is largely inert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA
| | - Lina Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Zhejiang Renxin Testing Research Institute Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Lisi Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jeanette M Norton
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
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Afegbua SL, Batty LC. Effect of single and mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination on plant biomass yield and PAH dissipation during phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18596-18603. [PMID: 29704177 PMCID: PMC6061517 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated sites have a mixture of PAH of varying concentration which may affect PAH dissipation differently to contamination with a single PAH. In this study, pot experiments investigated the impact of PAH contamination on Medicago sativa, Lolium perenne, and Festuca arundinacea biomass and PAH dissipation from soils spiked with phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Flu), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in single and mixed treatments. Stimulatory or inhibitory effects of PAH contamination on plant biomass yields were not different for the single and mixed PAH treatments. Results showed significant effect of PAH treatments on plant growth with an increased root biomass yield for F. arundinacea in the Phe (175%) and Flu (86%) treatments and a root biomass decrease in the mixed treatment (4%). The mean residual PAHs in the planted treatments and unplanted control for the single treatments were not significantly different. B[a]P dissipation was enhanced for single and mixed treatments (71-72%) with F. arundinacea compared to the unplanted control (24-50%). On the other hand, B[a]P dissipation was inhibited with L. perenne (6%) in the single treatment and M. sativa (11%) and L. perenne (29%) in the mixed treatment. Abiotic processes had greater contribution to PAH dissipation compared to rhizodegradation in both treatments. In most cases, a stimulatory effect of PAH contamination on plant biomass yield without an enhancement of PAH dissipation was observed. Plant species among other factors affect the relative contribution of PAH dissipation mechanisms during phytoremediation. These factors determine the effectiveness and suitability of phytoremediation as a remedial strategy for PAH-contaminated sites. Further studies on impact of PAH contamination, plant selection, and rhizosphere activities on soil microbial community structure and remediation outcome are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seniyat Larai Afegbua
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Lesley Claire Batty
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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Li Y, Du W, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Chen Z, Hou W, Xu S, Jiang L, Yu N. Effects of Complex Pollution of Pb and B[a]P on the Growth and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Ryegrass. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:86-91. [PMID: 29860533 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effects of complex pollution of Pb and B[a]P on the growth and physiological and biochemical indexes of ryegrass were investigated in a potted soil. The results showed that under single Pb treatment condition, low-concentration (0-100 mg kg-1) Pb stimulated the increase of ryegrass biomass while high-concentration (200-400 mg kg-1) Pb obviously inhibited ryegrass growth. Under single B[a]P pollution condition, low-concentration (0-30 mg kg-1) B[a]P facilitated the growth of ryegrass while high-concentration (50-100 mg kg-1) B[a]P had toxic effect on ryegrass. Under joint impacts of Pb and B[a]P at low concentrations, biomass, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content as well as POD and CAT activities of ryegrass presented firstly rising and then descending trends, SOD accumulation increased slightly and MDA didn't experience obvious change. Under co-existence of Pb and B[a]P, Pb was the main toxic factor for ryegrass growth and it controlled the variation trend of whole growth cycle of ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Wenwen Du
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Wei Hou
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Sunan Xu
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Ning Yu
- The Experiment Center of Environmental Monitoring, 30A-3 Shuangyuan Road, Liaoning Province, Dongling District, Shenyang, 110031, China
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10
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Kaur N, Erickson TE, Ball AS, Ryan MH. A review of germination and early growth as a proxy for plant fitness under petrogenic contamination - knowledge gaps and recommendations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 603-604:728-744. [PMID: 28372821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Germination-an important stage in the life cycle of plants-is susceptible to the presence of soil contaminants. Since the early 1990s, the use of germination tests to screen multiple plant species to select candidates for phytoremediation has received much attention. This is due to its inexpensive methodology and fast assessment relative to greenhouse or field growth studies. Surprisingly, no comprehensive synthesis is available of these studies in the scientific literature. As more plant species are added to phytoremediation databases, it is important to encapsulate the knowledge thus far and revise protocols. In this review, we have summarised previously-documented effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on germination and seedling growth. The methods and materials of previous studies are presented in tabulated form. Common practice includes the use of cellulose acetate filter paper, plastic Petri dishes, and low numbers of seeds and replicates. A general bias was observed for the screening of cultivated crops as opposed to native species, even though the latter may be better suited to site conditions. The relevance of germination studies as important ecotoxicological tools is highlighted with the proposed use of root imaging software. Screening of novel plant species, particularly natives, is recommended with selection focussed on (i) species phylogeny, (ii) plant morphological and functional traits, and (iii) tolerance towards harsh environmental stresses. Recommendations for standardised protocols for germination and early growth monitoring are made in order to improve the robustness of statistical modelling and species selection in future phytoremediation evaluations and field programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Kaur
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Todd E Erickson
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Ave, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Science, Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Megan H Ryan
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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11
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Visioli G, Conti FD, Menta C, Bandiera M, Malcevschi A, Jones DL, Vamerali T. Assessing biochar ecotoxicology for soil amendment by root phytotoxicity bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:166. [PMID: 26884353 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soil amendment with biochar has been proposed as effective in improving agricultural land fertility and carbon sequestration, although the characterisation and certification of biochar quality are still crucial for widespread acceptance for agronomic purposes. We describe here the effects of four biochars (conifer and poplar wood, grape marc, wheat straw) at increasing application rates (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50% w/w) on both germination and root elongation of Cucumis sativus L., Lepidium sativum L. and Sorghum saccharatum Moench. The tested biochars varied in chemical properties, depending on the type and quality of the initial feedstock batch, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) being high in conifer and wheat straw, Cd in poplar and Cu in grape marc. We demonstrate that electrical conductivity and Cu negatively affected both germination and root elongation at ≥5% rate biochar, together with Zn at ≥10% and elevated pH at ≥20%. In all species, germination was less sensitive than root elongation, strongly decreasing at very high rates of chars from grape marc (>10%) and wheat straw (>50%), whereas root length was already affected at 0.5% of conifer and poplar in cucumber and sorghum, with marked impairment in all chars at >5%. As a general interpretation, we propose here logarithmic model for robust root phytotoxicity in sorghum, based on biochar Zn content, which explains 66% of variability over the whole dosage range tested. We conclude that metal contamination is a crucial quality parameter for biochar safety, and that root elongation represents a stable test for assessing phytotoxicity at recommended in-field amendment rates (<1-2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Federica D Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Menta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Marianna Bandiera
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Malcevschi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of the Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Teofilo Vamerali
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Pimda W, Bunnag S. Growth performance and biodegradation of waste motor oil by Nostoc piscinale strain TISTR 8401 in the presence of heavy metals and nutrients as co-contaminants. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Serra AA, Couée I, Renault D, Gouesbet G, Sulmon C. Metabolic profiling of Lolium perenne shows functional integration of metabolic responses to diverse subtoxic conditions of chemical stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1801-16. [PMID: 25618145 PMCID: PMC4669549 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities are confronted with a great variety of environmental chemical stresses. Characterization of chemical stress in higher plants has often been focused on single or closely related stressors under acute exposure, or restricted to a selective number of molecular targets. In order to understand plant functioning under chemical stress conditions close to environmental pollution conditions, the C3 grass Lolium perenne was subjected to a panel of different chemical stressors (pesticide, pesticide degradation compound, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and heavy metal) under conditions of seed-level or root-level subtoxic exposure. Physiological and metabolic profiling analysis on roots and shoots revealed that all of these subtoxic chemical stresses resulted in discrete physiological perturbations and complex metabolic shifts. These metabolic shifts involved stressor-specific effects, indicating multilevel mechanisms of action, such as the effects of glyphosate and its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid on quinate levels. They also involved major generic effects that linked all of the subtoxic chemical stresses with major modifications of nitrogen metabolism, especially affecting asparagine, and of photorespiration, especially affecting alanine and glycerate. Stress-related physiological effects and metabolic adjustments were shown to be integrated through a complex network of metabolic correlations converging on Asn, Leu, Ser, and glucose-6-phosphate, which could potentially be modulated by differential dynamics and interconversion of soluble sugars (sucrose, trehalose, fructose, and glucose). Underlying metabolic, regulatory, and signalling mechanisms linking these subtoxic chemical stresses with a generic impact on nitrogen metabolism and photorespiration are discussed in relation to carbohydrate and low-energy sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Antonella Serra
- Université de Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Université de Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Gwenola Gouesbet
- Université de Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Université de Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Hou J, Liu X, Wang J, Zhao S, Cui B. Microarray-based analysis of gene expression in lycopersicon esculentum seedling roots in response to cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1834-41. [PMID: 25565386 DOI: 10.1021/es504154y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heavy metals in agricultural soils have received special attention due to their potential for accumulation in crops, which can affect species at all trophic levels. Therefore, there is a critical need for reliable bioassays for assessing risk levels due to heavy metals in agricultural soil. In the present study, we used microarrays to investigate changes in gene expression of Lycopersicon esculentum in response to Cd-, Cr-, Hg-, or Pb-spiked soil. Exposure to (1)/10 median lethal concentrations (LC50) of Cd, Cr, Hg, or Pb for 7 days resulted in expression changes in 29 Cd-specific, 58 Cr-specific, 192 Hg-specific and 864 Pb-specific genes as determined by microarray analysis, whereas conventional morphological and physiological bioassays did not reveal any toxicant stresses. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the characteristic gene expression profiles induced by Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb were distinct from not only the control but also one another. Furthermore, a total of three genes related to "ion transport" for Cd, 14 genes related to "external encapsulating structure organization", "reproductive developmental process", "lipid metabolic process" and "response to stimulus" for Cr, 11 genes related to "cellular metabolic process" and "cellular response to stimulus" for Hg, 78 genes related to 20 biological processes (e.g., DNA metabolic process, monosaccharide catabolic process, cell division) for Pb were identified and selected as their potential biomarkers. These findings demonstrated that microarray-based analysis of Lycopersicon esculentum was a sensitive tool for the early detection of potential toxicity of heavy metals in agricultural soil, as well as an effective tool for identifying the heavy metal-specific genes, which should be useful for assessing risk levels due to heavy metals in agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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15
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Peña A, Mingorance MD, Guzmán I, Sánchez L, Fernández-Espinosa AJ, Valdés B, Rossini-Oliva S. Protecting effect of recycled urban wastes (sewage sludge and wastewater) on ryegrass against the toxicity of pesticides at high concentrations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 142:23-29. [PMID: 24797639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Degraded landscapes, like those from abandoned mine areas, could be restored by revegetating them with appropriate plant species, after correction for acidity and improvement by adding exogenous organic material. Application of urban wastes to large areas of derelict land helps in the sustainable development of this landscape. However, the development of plant species in these soils could require in the future the management of possible pests or diseases by pesticide applications which could also affect plant yield. Therefore, ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was planted in a limed soil from the mining area of Riotinto (SW Spain), using an indoor pot experiment and the effects of amendment with sewage sludge, as well as irrigation with urban wastewater on plant uptake of the insecticide thiacloprid and the fungicide fenarimol were examined. Ryegrass biomass was reduced up to 3-fold by pesticide application. Fenarimol residues were the highest in soil, while those of thiacloprid were lower in soil and higher in ryegrass. Addition of sewage sludge and irrigation with wastewater led to a reduction of pesticide translocation to the aerial plant parts, representing a lower hazard to ryegrass quality grown in this mine soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Peña
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. Palmeras, 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain; Unidad Asociada CSIC-USE "Investigación Integral del Medio Físico y Biótico", Spain.
| | - Ma Dolores Mingorance
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. Palmeras, 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain; Unidad Asociada CSIC-USE "Investigación Integral del Medio Físico y Biótico", Spain
| | - Ignacio Guzmán
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Seville, Prof. García González 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J Fernández-Espinosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Seville, Prof. García González 1, 41012 Seville, Spain; Unidad Asociada CSIC-USE "Investigación Integral del Medio Físico y Biótico", Spain
| | - Benito Valdés
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain; Unidad Asociada CSIC-USE "Investigación Integral del Medio Físico y Biótico", Spain
| | - Sabina Rossini-Oliva
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain; Unidad Asociada CSIC-USE "Investigación Integral del Medio Físico y Biótico", Spain
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Zhou R, Qin X, Peng S, Deng S. Total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay, China: long-term variations in pollution status and adverse biological risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 83:290-297. [PMID: 24837025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediments collected from 2001 to 2011 were analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and five heavy metals. The sediment concentration ranges of TPH, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg were 6.3-535 μg/g, 58-332 μg/g, 7.2-63 μg/g, 4.3-138 μg/g, 0-0.98μg/g, and 0.10-0.68 μg/g, respectively. These results met the highest marine sediment quality standards in China, indicating that the sediment was fairly clean. However, based on the effects range-median (ERM) quotient method, the calculated values for all of the sampling sites were higher than 0.10, suggesting that there was a potential adverse biological risk in Bohai Bay. According to the calculated results, the biological risk decreased from 2001 to 2007 and increased afterwards. High-risk sites were mainly distributed along the coast. This study suggests that anthropogenic influences might be responsible for the potential risk of adverse biological effects from TPH and heavy metals in Bohai Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Xuebo Qin
- Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shitao Peng
- Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- College of Resource and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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17
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Hou J, Liu GN, Xue W, Fu WJ, Liang BC, Liu XH. Seed germination, root elongation, root-tip mitosis, and micronucleus induction of five crop plants exposed to chromium in fluvo-aquic soil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:671-6. [PMID: 24318542 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the toxic effects of chromium (Cr) on cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and corn (Zea mays), and identify the sensitive plant species and appropriate bioassays for potential use in phytotoxicity assessment of Cr in soil. Results showed that seed germination might not be a sensitive assay for assessing Cr toxicity because at most of the Cr levels there were no toxic effects. Root elongation was more sensitive to Cr than seed germination. The lowest concentration of adverse effect (LOAEC) of lettuce was 20 mg Cr/kg(-1) soil, and that of the other 4 species was 50 mg Cr/kg(-1) soil. The mitotic index fluctuated with increasing Cr concentration, thus it was insufficient to assess toxicity of Cr in soil. However, micronucleus assay showed that 5 mg Cr/kg(-1) soil caused a significant increase in micronucleus frequency in cabbage, cucumber, and lettuce. For wheat and corn, however, the LOAEC was 20 and 50 mg/Cr/kg(-1) soil, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of Cr accumulation showed that lettuce significantly accumulated Cr for all the tested concentrations. However, corn and wheat significantly accumulated Cr only with the highest tested dose. This may explain the higher inhibitory effects of Cr on root growth. It can be concluded that root elongation and micronucleus assay are good indicators to assess the phytotoxicity of Cr in soil. Lettuce is the most sensitive species for indicating the toxicity of Cr in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing- Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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18
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Wei J, Liu X, Wang Q, Wang C, Chen X, Li H. Effect of rhizodeposition on pyrene bioaccessibility and microbial structure in pyrene and pyrene-lead polluted soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 97:92-97. [PMID: 24188625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation for PAH hydrocarbons has been widely studied, but few focus on the influence of rhizodeposition on their bioaccessibility during the process. This literature revealed the effect of celery (Apium graveolens) rhizodeposition on pyrene fractionation and bioaccessibility in simulated pyrene and pyrene-lead contaminated microcosms. A sequential extraction methodology was used to quantify different morphological fractions of pyrene in the soil, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pattern to monitor shifts in microbial populations. Bioaccessible pyrene accounted for the largest proportion of the total removal. Biodegradation of both bioaccessible and associated pyrene fractions was enhanced by celery rhizodeposition in pyrene spiked soils. However, rhizodeposition promoted the removal of bioaccessible rather than associated fractions in pyrene-lead spiked soils. In contrast, the bound fraction increased over time in pyrene spiked soils without amendment, but kept relatively stable in amended microcosms. It was found that rhizodeposition facilitated the reproduction of all the subgroups of soil microorganisms through PLFA analysis. Although all the subgroups contributed to the removal of bioaccessible pyrene, only abundances of unsaturated and cyclic fatty acids were positively correlated with the removal of associated pyrene. These findings provide meaningful insights into the microecological mechanisms involved in the phytoremediation of PAH polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chuanhua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hongbing Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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Khan MU, Sessitsch A, Harris M, Fatima K, Imran A, Arslan M, Shabir G, Khan QM, Afzal M. Cr-resistant rhizo- and endophytic bacteria associated with Prosopis juliflora and their potential as phytoremediation enhancing agents in metal-degraded soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:755. [PMID: 25610444 PMCID: PMC4284999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Prosopis juliflora is characterized by distinct and profuse growth even in nutritionally poor soil and environmentally stressed conditions and is believed to harbor some novel heavy metal-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere and endosphere. This study was performed to isolate and characterize Cr-resistant bacteria from the rhizosphere and endosphere of P. juliflora growing on the tannery effluent contaminated soil. A total of 5 and 21 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere and endosphere, respectively, and were shown to tolerate Cr up to 3000 mg l(-1). These isolates also exhibited tolerance to other toxic heavy metals such as, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, and high concentration (174 g l(-1)) of NaCl. Moreover, most of the isolated bacterial strains showed one or more plant growth-promoting activities. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the predominant species included Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Aerococcus. As far as we know, this is the first report analyzing rhizo- and endophytic bacterial communities associated with P. juliflora growing on the tannery effluent contaminated soil. The inoculation of three isolates to ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) improved plant growth and heavy metal removal from the tannery effluent contaminated soil suggesting that these bacteria could enhance the establishment of the plant in contaminated soil and also improve the efficiency of phytoremediation of heavy metal-degraded soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U. Khan
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHTulln, Austria
| | - Muhammad Harris
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Imran
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
- Earth Sciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser M. Khan
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Afzal, Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan e-mail: ;
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Lafragüeta C, García-Criado B, Arranz A, Vázquez-de-Aldana BR. Germination of Medicago sativa is inhibited by soluble compounds in cement dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1285-1291. [PMID: 23900953 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of cement dust on soils and plant surfaces is known to affect plant growth and the species composition of plant communities, but little is known about its effects (and those of its pH and constituents) on germination. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of an aqueous cement extract, constituents of the extract and pH on the germination of seeds of a selected species, Medicago sativa. First, the effects of the extract were tested in assays with concentrations and exposure durations ranging from 0 to 1.0 g/mL and 4 to 96 h, respectively. At 0.8 g/mL, the extract strongly inhibited germination; a 4-h exposure reduced the germination rate, from 77 ± 1.8 to 50 ± 2.6% (mean ± SE), while 8-h exposure completely inhibited it. Further, treatment at this concentration killed the non-germinating seeds, thus the inhibition was due to toxic effects. Neither the pH of the extract nor the concentration of its main soluble elements separately (K, Ca, S, Na, or Cr) caused the toxicity since germination rates were not significantly reduced when these variables were tested individually. However, a mixture of the elements in solution reduced germination rates, suggesting that they have adverse synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lafragüeta
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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Luo J, Tang R, She J, Chen Y, Gong Y, Zhou J, Yu D. The chromium in timberline forests in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2013; 15:1930-1937. [PMID: 24056779 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the regional distribution, trait and possible source of chromium in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, we collected samples of xylem, bark, leaves and twigs in two parallel northwest-southeast belt transects (TA and TB) from the Hengduan Mountains. According to the Cr mean concentration, organ/tissue was split into two groups: the high-level organ/tissue (twigs: 1.476 mg kg(-1)) and the low-level organ/tissue (bark: 0.413 mg kg(-1), leaves: 0.340 mg kg(-1) and xylem: 0.194 mg kg(-1)). The mean Cr concentrations of twigs and leaves in TB samples were higher than those in the TA samples, and the mean Cr concentration in both sites gradually reduced from southeast to northwest. Both the southeasterly and southwesterly monsoons could be significant, influential factors in this connection. The top three mean Cr concentrations were S7, S1 and S8, which were closer to the developed city. Mean Cr concentrations in S3, S4 and S5, (remote, high mountains) were relatively low. The high mountains acting as a barrier to the monsoon and the distance from the big city may play important roles in the distribution of Chromium. Furthermore, the relationship between the mean Cr concentration and precipitation, timberline trees as bio-monitors of chromium pollution in polluted areas and the possible source of Cr in the eastern Tibetan Plateau are also discussed. This study may provide reliable proof of Cr contamination processes, and so help in future to prevent further Cr pollution, and also be helpful in understanding the important function of forest ecosystems in relation to atmospheric pollution and global change. To better understand the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of Cr concentration, we found that tree ring, fine roots and soil samples are good choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Conservancy, #9, Block 4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Li Q, Lu Y, Shi Y, Wang T, Ni K, Xu L, Liu S, Wang L, Xiong Q, Giesy JP. Combined effects of cadmium and fluoranthene on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:1936-46. [PMID: 24520738 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The single and combinational effects of cadmium (Cd) and fluoranthene (FLT) on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings were investigated. Exposure to 5, 10, or 15 mg Cd/L or 1, 5, or 10 mg FLT/L individually or in combination significantly decreased germination vigor (3 days) and final germination rate of soybean seeds, except at 1 and 5 mg FLT/L. The results of two-way ANOVA analysis and the Bliss independence model showed that at lower concentrations of FLT (1 mg/L), the interaction between Cd and FLT on germination was antagonistic, whereas the interaction was synergistic when the concentration of FLT was 5 or 10 mg/L and the concentration of Cd was 15 mg/L. Growth, expressed as dry weight, length of shoot and root, leaf area, and photosynthesis, expressed as net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll contents and fluorescence of soybean seedlings were also reduced by exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L, singly or jointly. Significant antagonistic effects of exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L on shoot growth and photosynthesis were observed, whereas synergy and antagonism of Cd and FLT were both observed for root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yajuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qinli Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
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