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Zhang Y, Li X, Ren A, Yao M, Chen C, Zhang H, van der Meer W, Liu G. Impacts of water treatments on bacterial communities of biofilm and loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108893. [PMID: 39079336 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Treated drinking water is delivered to customers through drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). Although studies have focused on exploring the microbial ecology of DWDSs, knowledge about the effects of different water treatments on the bacterial community of biofilm and loose deposits in DWDS is limited. This study assessed the effects of additional treatments on the bacterial communities developed in 10 months' old pilot DWDSs. The results showed a similar bacterial community in the pipe-wall biofilm, which was dominated by Novosphingobium spp. (20-82 %) and Sphingomonas spp. (11-53 %), regardless of the treatment applied. The bacterial communities that were retained in the distribution systems (including pipe-wall biofilm and loose deposits) were similar to the particle-associated bacteria (PAB) in the corresponding supply water. The additional treatments showed clear effects of the removal and/or introduction of particles. The genera Aeromonas spp., Clostridium spp., Legionella spp., and Pseudomonas spp., which contain opportunistic pathogenic species, were only detected among the PAB in ion exchange system. Our study demonstrated that the biofilm community is consistent across treatments, and the contribution from bacteria in loose deposits is important but can be controlled by removing particles. These findings offer more insight into the origin and development of microbial ecology in DWDSs and suggest paths for further research on the possibility of managing the microbial ecology in distribution systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anran Ren
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mingchen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Chen Chen
- Beijing Waterworks Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Haichen Zhang
- Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Walter van der Meer
- Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands.
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Mojela H, Gericke G, Madhav H, Malinga SP. Seasonal variations of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water supplied to two coal-fired power stations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15454-15463. [PMID: 36169834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global issues such as pollution and global warming have resulted in changes in water characteristics over the past 20 years. Natural organic matter (NOM) which is a major component in water systems has shown an increase globally. This increase in NOM concentration has negatively affected both water treatment processes and drinking water quality. It is subsequently critical to understand the seasonal variations and composition of NOM to be able to address issues related to NOM. In this study, techniques such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, total organic carbon and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) were used for characterisation and quantification of NOM. Two coal-fired power stations were selected for this study with each power station receiving water from a different source, i.e. power station A receives water from the Vaal River and power station B from the Nkomati River. Results from this study demonstrated that composition and concentration of NOM from these two water sources varied seasonally. Characterisation of NOM using the LC-OCD indicated that the different fractions of NOM, i.e. low molecular weight neutrals, low molecular weight acids, building blocks, humic substances and biopolymers, varied seasonally. The dissolved organic carbon concentration and specific ultraviolet absorbance values of the raw water at both power stations showed an increment amid the wet seasons and a decrease amid the dry seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happiness Mojela
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
- Eskom RT&D, Private Bag X40175, Cleveland, Johannesburg, 2022, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Gericke
- Eskom RT&D, Private Bag X40175, Cleveland, Johannesburg, 2022, South Africa
| | - Heena Madhav
- Eskom RT&D, Private Bag X40175, Cleveland, Johannesburg, 2022, South Africa
| | - Soraya Phumzile Malinga
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
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Ahghari MR, Amiri-Khamakani Z, Maleki A. Synthesis and characterization of Se doped Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles for catalytic and biological properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1007. [PMID: 36653396 PMCID: PMC9849448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Se-doped Fe3O4 with antibacterial properties was synthesized using by a coprecipitation method. The chemistry and morphology of the Se doped Fe3O4 nanocomposite were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the Fe3O4/Se nanocomposite was examined against G+ (Gram-positive) and G- (Gram-negative) bacteria, in the order Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli, which are the most harmful and dangerous bacteria. Fe3O4/Se, as a heterogeneous catalyst, was successfully applied to the synthesis of pyrazolopyridine and its derivatives via a one-pot four-component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, ammonium acetate, and various aromatic aldehydes. Fe3O4/Se was easily separated from the bacteria-containing solution using a magnet. Its admissible magnetic properties, crystalline structure, antibacterial activity, mild reaction conditions, and green synthesis are specific features that have led to the recommendation of the use of Fe3O4/Se in the water treatment field and medical applications. Direct Se doping of Fe3O4 was successfully realized without additional complicated procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Ahghari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Zeinab Amiri-Khamakani
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
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4
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Qi P, Li T, Hu C, Li Z, Bi Z, Chen Y, Zhou H, Su Z, Li X, Xing X, Chen C. Effects of cast iron pipe corrosion on nitrogenous disinfection by-products formation in drinking water distribution systems via interaction among iron particles, biofilms, and chlorine. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133364. [PMID: 34933025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cast iron pipe corrosion on nitrogenous disinfection by-products formation (N-DBPs) in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) were investigated. The results verified that in the effluent of corroded DWDSs simulated by annular reactors with corroded cast iron coupons, typical N-DBPs, including haloacetamides, halonitromethanes, and haloacetonitriles, increased significantly compared with the influent of DWDSs. In addition, more dissolved organic carbon, adenosine triphosphate, and iron particles were simultaneously detected in the bulk water of corroded DWDSs, thereby indicating that abundant iron particles acted as a "protective umbrella" for microorganisms. Under the condition of corroded DWDSs, the extracellular polymeric substances gradually exhibited distinct characteristics, including a higher content and lower flocculation efficiency, thereby resulting in a large supply of N-DBPs precursors. Corroded cast iron pipes, equivalent to a unique microbial interface, induced completely distinct microbial community structures and metabolic functions in DWDSs, thereby enhancing the formation of N-DBPs. This is the first study to successfully reveal the interactions among iron particles, biofilms, and chlorine in DWDSs, which may help to fully understand the biofilm transformation and microbial community succession in DWDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhihao Bi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Youyi Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huishan Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziliang Su
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinjun Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xueci Xing
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- Nanzhou Waterworks of Guangzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
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Zhou W, Li W, Chen J, Zhou Y, Wei Z, Gong L. Microbial diversity in full-scale water supply systems through sequencing technology: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25484-25496. [PMID: 35478887 PMCID: PMC9037190 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03680g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of microorganisms in full-scale water supply systems raises concerns about their pathogenicity and threats to public health. Clean tap water is essential for public health safety. The conditions of the water treatment process from the source water to tap water, including source water quality, water treatment processes, the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), and building water supply systems (BWSSs) in buildings, greatly influence the bacterial community in tap water. Given the importance of drinking water biosafety, the study of microbial diversity from source water to tap water is essential. With the development of molecular biology methods and bioinformatics in recent years, sequencing technology has been applied to study bacterial communities in full-scale water supply systems. In this paper, changes in the bacterial community and the influence of each treatment stage on microbial diversity in full-scale water supply systems are classified and analyzed. Microbial traceability analysis and control are discussed, and suggestions for future drinking water biosafety research and its prospects are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Weiying Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Jiping Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Fuzhou Water Affairs Investment Development Co., Ltd. Fuzhou 350000 Fujian China
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Chen GQ, Wu YH, Wang YH, Chen Z, Tong X, Bai Y, Luo LW, Xu C, Hu HY. Effects of microbial inactivation approaches on quantity and properties of extracellular polymeric substances in the process of wastewater treatment and reclamation: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125283. [PMID: 33582467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have a profound role in various wastewater treatment and reclamation processes, in which a variety of technologies are used for disinfection and microbial growth inhibition. These treatment processes can induce significant changes in the quantity and properties of EPS, and altered EPS could further adversely affect the wastewater treatment and reclamation system, including membrane filtration, disinfection, and water distribution. To clarify the effects of microbial inactivation approaches on EPS, these effects were classified into four categories: (1) chemical reactions, (2) cell lysis, (3) changing EPS-producing metabolic processes, and (4) altering microbial community. Across these different effects, treatments with free chlorine, methylisothiazolone, TiO2, and UV irradiation typically enhance EPS production. Among the residual microorganisms in EPS matrices after various microbial inactivation treatments, one of the most prominent is Mycobacterium. With respect to EPS properties, proteins and humic acids in EPS are usually more susceptible to treatment processes than polysaccharides. The affected EPS properties include changes in molecular weight, hydrophobicity, and adhesion ability. All of these changes can undermine wastewater treatment and reclamation processes. Therefore, effects on EPS quantity and properties should be considered during the application of microbial inactivation and growth inhibition techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Qiang Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Yun-Hong Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xing Tong
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yuan Bai
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Li-Wei Luo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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7
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Lequette K, Ait-Mouheb N, Adam N, Muffat-Jeandet M, Bru-Adan V, Wéry N. Effects of the chlorination and pressure flushing of drippers fed by reclaimed wastewater on biofouling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143598. [PMID: 33213927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Milli-channel baffle labyrinths are widely used in drip irrigation systems. They induce a pressure drop enabling drip irrigation. However, with a section thickness that is measured in mm2, they are sensitive to clogging, which reduces the performance and service life of a drip irrigation system. The impact of chlorination (1.5 ppm of free chlorine during 1 h application) and pressure flushing (0.18 MPa) on the biofouling of non-pressure-compensating drippers, fed by real reclaimed wastewater, was studied at lab scale using optical coherence tomography. The effect of these treatments on microbial composition (bacteria and eukaryotes) was also investigated by High-throughput DNA sequencing. Biofouling was mainly observed in the inlet, outlet and return areas of the milli-labyrinth channel from drippers. Chlorination reduced biofilm development, particularly in the mainstream of the milli-labyrinth channel, and it was more efficient when combined with pressure flushing. Moreover, chlorination was more efficient in maintaining water distribution uniformity (CU < 95% compared to less than 85% for unchlorinated lines). It reduced more efficiently the bacterial concentration (≈1 log) and the diversity of the bacterial community in the dripper biofilms compared to the pressure flushing method. Chlorination significantly modified the microbial communities, promoting chlorine-resistant bacteria such as Comamonadaceae or Azospira. Inversely, several bacterial groups were identified as sensitive to chlorination such as Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes. Nevertheless, one month after stopping the treatments bacterial diversity recovered and the chlorine-sensitive bacteria such as Chloroflexi phylum and the Saprospiraceae, Spirochaetaceae, Christensenellaceae and Hydrogenophilaceae families re-emerged in conjunction with the growth of biofouling, highlighting the resilience of the bacteria originating from drippers. Based on PCoA analyses, the structure of the bacterial communities still clustered separately from non-chlorinated drippers, showing that the effect of chlorination was still detectable one month after stopping the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Lequette
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, 102, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France; INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR G-EAU, Avenue Jean-François Breton, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Nassim Ait-Mouheb
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR G-EAU, Avenue Jean-François Breton, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Adam
- University of Toulouse, Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Muffat-Jeandet
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR G-EAU, Avenue Jean-François Breton, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Bru-Adan
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, 102, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Nathalie Wéry
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, 102, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
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Jiang R, Wang JG, Zhu T, Zou B, Wang DQ, Rhee SK, An D, Ji ZY, Quan ZX. Use of Newly Designed Primers for Quantification of Complete Ammonia-Oxidizing (Comammox) Bacterial Clades and Strict Nitrite Oxidizers in the Genus Nitrospira. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01775-20. [PMID: 32826214 PMCID: PMC7531962 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01775-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) bacteria play key roles in environmental nitrogen cycling and all belong to the genus Nitrospira, which was originally believed to include only strict nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (sNOB). Thus, differential estimation of sNOB abundance from that of comammox Nitrospira has become problematic, since both contain nitrite oxidoreductase genes that serve as common targets for sNOB detection. Herein, we developed novel comammox Nitrospira clade A- and B-specific primer sets targeting the α-subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) and a sNOB-specific primer set targeting the cyanase gene (cynS) for quantitative PCR (qPCR). The high coverage and specificity of these primers were checked by use of metagenome and metatranscriptome data sets. Efficient and specific amplification with these primers was demonstrated using various environmental samples. Using the newly designed primers, we successfully estimated the abundances of comammox Nitrospira and sNOB in samples from two chloramination-treated drinking water systems and found that, in most samples, comammox Nitrospira clade A was the dominant type of Nitrospira and also served as the primary ammonia oxidizer. Compared with other ammonia oxidizers, comammox Nitrospira had a higher abundance in process water samples in these two drinking water systems. We also demonstrated that sNOB can be readily misrepresented by an earlier method, calculated by subtracting the comammox Nitrospira abundance from the total Nitrospira abundance, especially when the comammox Nitrospira proportion is relatively high. The new primer sets were successfully applied to comammox Nitrospira and sNOB quantification, which may prove useful in understanding the roles of Nitrospira in nitrification in various ecosystems.IMPORTANCENitrospira is a dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacterium in many artificial and natural environments. The discovery of complete ammonia oxidizers in the genus Nitrospira prevents the use of previously identified primers targeting the Nitrospira 16S rRNA gene or nitrite oxidoreductase (nxr) gene for differential determination of strict nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (sNOB) in the genus Nitrospira and among comammox bacteria in this genus. We designed three novel primer sets that enabled quantification of comammox Nitrospira clades A and B and sNOB with high coverage, specificity, and accuracy in various environments. With the designed primer sets, sNOB and comammox Nitrospira were differentially estimated in drinking water systems, and we found that comammox clade A predominated over sNOB and other ammonia oxidizers in process water samples. Accurate quantification of comammox Nitrospira and sNOB by use of the newly designed primers will provide essential information for evaluating the contribution of Nitrospira to nitrification in various ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Gong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Qi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sung-Keun Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong An
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Ji
- Hangzhou Water Holding Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Xue Quan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Yang G, Wang J, Zhang H, Jia H, Zhang Y, Fang H, Gao F, Li J. Fluctuation of electrode potential based on molecular regulation induced diversity of electrogenesis behavior in multiple equilibrium microbial fuel cell. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124453. [PMID: 31394439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the electrogenesis behaviors and mechanisms in multiple equilibrium microbial fuel cells (MEMFCs) which volatile fatty acids as multiple electron donors are investigated. The electrochemical property and energy recovery can be enhanced in propionic acid dominant systems (HPr-D-MEMFCs) which compares to butyric acid dominant systems (HBu-D-MEMFCs), increase power density from 0.04 to 0.43 W/m2 and energy recovery efficiency from 2.07 to 5.44%, respectively. With isotope experiment analysis, the fluctuation of electrode potentials induce diverse electrogenesis pathways that high utilization efficiencies and bioconversion efficiency of hybrid acids observed in HPr-D-MEMFCs which different with HAc-D-MEMFCs and HBu-D-MEMFCs. In addition, the electrochemical and microbial community variation of MEMFCs reveal that the direct interspecies electron transfer stimulated with higher electric double layer capacitance, and activities of exoelectrogens enhanced with high relative abundance in HPr-D-MEMFCs. The findings present an intensive study in electrogenesis, providing a promising way to promote energy recovery and further extend its application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hongyan Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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10
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Jiang W, Tian X, Li L, Dong S, Zhao K, Li H, Cai Y. Temporal bacterial community succession during the start-up process of biofilters in a cold-freshwater recirculating aquaculture system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 287:121441. [PMID: 31100565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Start-up of biofilters plays crucial roles in the successful operation of recirculating aquaculture system, and the nature is bacterial community succession. We explored the pattern of bacterial temporal succession during the start-up process of biofilters in a commercial cold-freshwater recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The whole succession process was divided into three distinct phases: incubation, growth and stability. Phylogenetic diversity and evenness of the bacterial community increased during the start-up process, whereas richness reached its peak at the growth phase. Seven biomarkers were identified, namely Cytophagales, Gemmatimonadales, Sphingomonadales, Sphingobacteriales, Rhizobiales, Clostridiales and Nitrospirales. The relative abundances of these functional bacteria increased, while those with a competitive growth advantage declined. The network interactions were dramatically altered from fairly simple to most complex, and then decreased in complexity during start-up. Positive relationships decreased, while competition increased. The shift in predicted function exhibited a trend from simple to diverse, and converged to idiosyncratic configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiangli Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
| | - Li Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Shuanglin Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Kun Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Haidong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yuyong Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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11
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Liu L, Xing X, Hu C, Wang H, Lyu L. Effect of sequential UV/free chlorine disinfection on opportunistic pathogens and microbial community structure in simulated drinking water distribution systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:971-980. [PMID: 30682762 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) may be a "Trojan Horse" for some waterborne diseases caused by opportunistic pathogens (OPs). In this study, two simulated DWDS inoculated with groundwater were treated with chlorine (Cl2) and ultraviolet/chlorine (UV/Cl2) respectively to compare their effects on the OPs distributed in four different phases (bulk water, biofilms, corrosion products, and loose deposits) of DWDS. 16S rRNA genes sequencing and qPCR were used to profile microbial community and quantify target genes of OPs, respectively. Results showed that UV/Cl2 was more effective than single Cl2 to control the regrowth of OPs in the water with the same residual chlorine concentration. However, the OPs inhabiting the biofilms, corrosion products, and loose deposits seemed to be tolerant to UV/Cl2 and Cl2, demonstrating that OPs residing in these phases were resistant to the disinfection processes. Some significant microbial correlations between OPs and Acanthamoeba were found by Spearman correlative analysis (p < 0.05), demonstrating that the ecological interactions may exist in the DWDS. 16S rRNA genes sequencing of water samples revealed a significant different microbial community structure between UV/Cl2 and Cl2. This study may give some implications for controlling the OPs in the DWDS disinfected with UV/Cl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330013, China; School of Water Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xueci Xing
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lai Lyu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Liu L, Xing X, Hu C, Wang H. O 3-BAC-Cl 2: A multi-barrier process controlling the regrowth of opportunistic waterborne pathogens in drinking water distribution systems. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 76:142-153. [PMID: 30528006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Simulated drinking water distribution system (DWDS) treated with O3-BAC-Cl2 (ozone-biological activated carbon-chlorine) was constructed to study its effects on the regrowth of five typical opportunistic pathogens (OPs). It was found that O3-BAC-Cl2 could significantly reduce the regrowth of target OPs in the effluents of DWDS compared with Cl2 and O3-Cl2 with the same residual chlorine levels. However, the effect of O3-BAC-Cl2 on the average numbers of target OPs gene markers in the biofilms of DWDS was not apparent, suggesting that OPs in the biofilms of DWDS were tolerant to the upstream disinfection process. The quantification of target OPs in the BAC-filter column demonstrated that OPs decreased with the increase of depth, which was likely due to the organic nutrient gradient and microbial competition inside the BAC-filter. Increase in the ozone dose could further reduce the OPs at the bottom of the BAC-filter. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that some significant correlations existed between target microorganisms, suggesting potential microbial ecological relationships. Overall, our results demonstrated that the BAC-filter may act as a "battlefield" suppressing the OPs through microbial competition. O3-BAC-Cl2 could be an effective multi-barrier process to suppress the proliferation of OPs in the bulk water of DWDS. However, OPs protected by the biofilms of DWDS should receive further attention because OPs may be detached and released from the biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueci Xing
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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13
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Lane B, Sharma S, Niu C, Maina AW, Wagacha JM, Bluhm BH, Woloshuk CP. Changes in the Fungal Microbiome of Maize During Hermetic Storage in the United States and Kenya. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2336. [PMID: 30333810 PMCID: PMC6176044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to harvest, maize kernels are invaded by a diverse population of fungal organisms that comprise the microbiome of the grain mass. Poor post-harvest practices and improper drying can lead to the growth of mycotoxigenic storage fungi and deterioration of grain quality. Hermetic storage bags are a low-cost technology for the preservation of grain during storage, which has seen significant adoption in many regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. This study explored the use of high-throughput DNA sequencing of the fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region for characterization of the fungal microbiome before and after 3 months of storage in hermetic and non-hermetic (woven) bags in the United States and Kenya. Analysis of 1,377,221 and 3,633,944 ITS2 sequences from the United States and Kenya, respectively, resulted in 251 and 164 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Taxonomic assignment of these OTUs revealed 63 and 34 fungal genera in the US and Kenya samples, respectively, many of which were not detected by traditional plating methods. The most abundant genus was Fusarium, which was identified in all samples. Storage fungi were detected in the grain mass prior to the storage experiments and increased in relative abundance within the woven bags. The results also indicate that storage location had no effect on the fungal microbiome of grain stored in the United States, while storage bag type led to significant changes in fungal composition. The fungal microbiome of the Kenya grain also underwent significant changes in composition during storage and fungal diversity increased during storage regardless of bag type. Our results indicated that extraction of DNA from ground kernels is sufficient for identifying the fungi associated with the maize. The results also indicated that bag type was the most important factor influencing changes in fungal microbiome during storage. The results also support the recommended use of hermetic storage for reducing food safety risks, especially from mycotoxigenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Lane
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Chenxing Niu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Angeline W. Maina
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John M. Wagacha
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Burton H. Bluhm
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Charles P. Woloshuk
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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14
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Montoya-Pachongo C, Douterelo I, Noakes C, Camargo-Valero MA, Sleigh A, Escobar-Rivera JC, Torres-Lozada P. Field assessment of bacterial communities and total trihalomethanes: Implications for drinking water networks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:345-354. [PMID: 29126052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Operation and maintenance (O&M) of drinking water distribution networks (DWDNs) in tropical countries simultaneously face the control of acute and chronic risks due to the presence of microorganisms and disinfection by-products, respectively. In this study, results from a detailed field characterization of microbiological, chemical and infrastructural parameters of a tropical-climate DWDN are presented. Water physicochemical parameters and the characteristics of the network were assessed to evaluate the relationship between abiotic and microbiological factors and their association with the presence of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs). Illumina sequencing of the bacterial 16s rRNA gene revealed significant differences in the composition of biofilm and planktonic communities. The highly diverse biofilm communities showed the presence of methylotrophic bacteria, which suggest the presence of methyl radicals such as THMs within this habitat. Microbiological parameters correlated with water age, pH, temperature and free residual chlorine. The results from this study are necessary to increase the awareness of O&M practices in DWDNs required to reduce biofilm formation and maintain appropriate microbiological and chemical water quality, in relation to biofilm detachment and DBP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montoya-Pachongo
- Institute for Public Health and Environmental Engineering (iPHEE), School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Isabel Douterelo
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, The University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Catherine Noakes
- Institute for Public Health and Environmental Engineering (iPHEE), School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero
- Institute for Public Health and Environmental Engineering (iPHEE), School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Andrew Sleigh
- Institute for Public Health and Environmental Engineering (iPHEE), School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Patricia Torres-Lozada
- Grupo de Investigación Estudio y Control de la Contaminación Ambiental (ECCA), Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali, Colombia
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15
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Wan D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Xiao S. Simultaneous bio-autotrophic reduction of perchlorate and nitrate in a sulfur packed bed reactor: Kinetics and bacterial community structure. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:280-292. [PMID: 27838020 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the simultaneous removal of perchlorate and nitrate from aqueous solution in an up-flow sulfur autotrophic reduction reactor. A nitrate and perchlorate containing pollution solution was treated with a remarkable removal efficiency greater than 97%. The concentration of nitrate was 22.03 ± 1.07 mg-N/L coexisting with perchlorate either 21.87 ± 1.03 mg/L or 471.7 ± 50.3 μg/L, in this case the reactor could be operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranging from 12.00 h to 0.75 h. Half-order kinetics model fit the experimental data well; this indicates that diffusion in the biofilm was the limiting step. Perchlorate reduction required a longer reaction time than the coexisting nitrate, regardless of the perchlorate concentration. Sulfur (S) disproportionation was inhibited when nitrate was not completely removed; whereas it was accelerated when perchlorate decreased to low concentrations. This process therefore generated excessive sulfate and consumed much more alkalinity. High-throughput sequencing method was used to analyze bacterial community spatial distribution in the reactor under different operational conditions. The reduction of the two contaminants was accompanied by a decrease in biodiversity. The results indicated that Sulfuricella, Sulfuritalea Thiobacillus, and Sulfurimonas are effective DB (denitrification bacteria)/PRB (perchlorate reduction bacteria). The Chlorobaculum genus was the dominant bacteria associated with S disproportionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yongde Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuhu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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16
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Rashmei Z, Bornasi H, Ghoranneviss M. Evaluation of treatment and disinfection of water using cold atmospheric plasma. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2016; 14:609-616. [PMID: 27441856 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the disinfection of water is investigated using plasma spark treatment and the results are compared with conventional techniques. Inactivation of the Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli bacteria is considered in the treatment process of water by the plasma spark. For this purpose, many physical and chemical parameters of water are measured and the obtained results demonstrate a reduction of 8-log in colony forming units of E. coli and E. faecalis at 15 minutes and 12 minutes, respectively. The results of this research show that no ozone is produced during the plasma spark treatment. Moreover, inactivation of a large number of bacteria without any change of pH shows that pH is not the cause of the bacterial inactivation. It is concluded that the main causes of the inactivation of bacteria in the treated water are H2O2 molecules and the electrical fields generated by plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Rashmei
- Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Hamid Bornasi
- Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Mahmood Ghoranneviss
- Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
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17
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Revetta R, Gomez-Alvarez V, Gerke T, Santo Domingo J, Ashbolt N. Changes in bacterial composition of biofilm in a metropolitan drinking water distribution system. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:294-305. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R.P. Revetta
- United States Environmental Protection Agency; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - V. Gomez-Alvarez
- United States Environmental Protection Agency; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - T.L. Gerke
- ORISE; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Cincinnati OH USA
| | | | - N.J. Ashbolt
- United States Environmental Protection Agency; Cincinnati OH USA
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18
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Navarro RR, Hori T, Inaba T, Matsuo K, Habe H, Ogata A. High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of residual bacterial species of fouled membranes after NaOCl cleaning. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 94:166-175. [PMID: 26945453 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling is one of the major problems during wastewater treatment using membrane bioreactors (MBRs). In this regard, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been widely used to wash fouled membranes for maintenance and recovery purposes. Advanced chemical and biological characterization was conducted in this work to evaluate the performance of aqueous NaOCl solutions during washing of polyacrylonitrile membranes. Fouled membranes from MBR operations supplemented with artificial wastewater were washed with 0.1% and 0.5% aqueous NaOCl solutions for 5, 10 and 30 min. The changes in organics composition on the membrane surface were directly monitored by an attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectrometer. In addition, high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was applied to detect any residual microorganisms. Results from ATR-FT-IR analysis indicated the complete disappearance of functional groups representing different fouling compounds after at least 30 min of treatment with 0.1% NaOCl. However, the biomolecular survey revealed the presence of residual bacteria even after 30 min of treatment with 0.5% NaOCl solution. Evaluation of microbial diversity of treated samples using Chao1, Shannon and Simpson reciprocal indices showed an increase in evenness while no significant decline in richness was observed. These implied that only the population of dominant species was mainly affected. The high-resolution phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of numerous operational taxonomic units (OTUs) whose close relatives exhibit halotolerance. Some OTUs related to thermophilic and acid-resistant strains were also identified. Finally, the taxonomic analysis of recycled membranes that were previously washed with NaOCl also showed the presence of numerous halotolerant-related OTUs in the early stage of fouling. This further suggested the possible contribution of such chemical tolerance on their survival against NaOCl washing, which in turn affected their re-fouling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Navarro
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hori
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Inaba
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuo
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Habe
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogata
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
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19
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Wu Y, Quan X, Si X, Wang X. A small molecule norspermidine in combination with silver ion enhances dispersal and disinfection of multi-species wastewater biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5619-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Li W, Wang F, Zhang J, Qiao Y, Xu C, Liu Y, Qian L, Li W, Dong B. Community shift of biofilms developed in a full-scale drinking water distribution system switching from different water sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:499-506. [PMID: 26674678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial community of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) with various water sources has been rarely reported. In this research, biofilms were sampled at three points (A, B, and C) during the river water source phase (phase I), the interim period (phase II) and the reservoir water source phase (phase III), and the biofilm community was determined using the 454-pyrosequencing method. Results showed that microbial diversity declined in phase II but increased in phase III. The primary phylum was Proteobacteria during three phases, while the dominant class at points A and B was Betaproteobacteria (>49%) during all phases, but that changed to Holophagae in phase II (62.7%) and Actinobacteria in phase III (35.6%) for point C, which was closely related to its water quality. More remarkable community shift was found at the genus level. In addition, analysis results showed that water quality could significantly affect microbial diversity together, while the nutrient composition (e.g. C/N ration) of the water environment might determine the microbial community. Furthermore, Mycobacterium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were detected in the biofilm, which should give rise to attention. This study revealed that water source switching produced substantial impact on the biofilm community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bingzhi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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21
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Wan D, Liu Y, Niu Z, Xiao S, Li D. Perchlorate reduction by hydrogen autotrophic bacteria and microbial community analysis using high-throughput sequencing. Biodegradation 2015; 27:47-57. [PMID: 26714962 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-015-9754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen autotrophic reduction of perchlorate have advantages of high removal efficiency and harmless to drinking water. But so far the reported information about the microbial community structure was comparatively limited, changes in the biodiversity and the dominant bacteria during acclimation process required detailed study. In this study, perchlorate-reducing hydrogen autotrophic bacteria were acclimated by hydrogen aeration from activated sludge. For the first time, high-throughput sequencing was applied to analyze changes in biodiversity and the dominant bacteria during acclimation process. The Michaelis-Menten model described the perchlorate reduction kinetics well. Model parameters q(max) and K(s) were 2.521-3.245 (mg ClO4(-)/gVSS h) and 5.44-8.23 (mg/l), respectively. Microbial perchlorate reduction occurred across at pH range 5.0-11.0; removal was highest at pH 9.0. The enriched mixed bacteria could use perchlorate, nitrate and sulfate as electron accepter, and the sequence of preference was: NO3(-) > ClO4(-) > SO4(2-). Compared to the feed culture, biodiversity decreased greatly during acclimation process, the microbial community structure gradually stabilized after 9 acclimation cycles. The Thauera genus related to Rhodocyclales was the dominated perchlorate reducing bacteria (PRB) in the mixed culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yongde Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhenhua Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Shuhu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Daorong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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22
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Ji P, Parks J, Edwards MA, Pruden A. Impact of Water Chemistry, Pipe Material and Stagnation on the Building Plumbing Microbiome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141087. [PMID: 26495985 PMCID: PMC4619671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique microbiome establishes in the portion of the potable water distribution system within homes and other buildings (i.e., building plumbing). To examine its composition and the factors that shape it, standardized cold water plumbing rigs were deployed at the treatment plant and in the distribution system of five water utilities across the U.S. Three pipe materials (copper with lead solder, CPVC with brass fittings or copper/lead combined pipe) were compared, with 8 hour flush cycles of 10 minutes to simulate typical daily use patterns. High throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was employed to profile and compare the resident bulk water bacteria and archaea. The utility, location of the pipe rig, pipe material and stagnation all had a significant influence on the plumbing microbiome composition, but the utility source water and treatment practices were dominant factors. Examination of 21 water chemistry parameters suggested that the total chlorine concentration, pH, P, SO42- and Mg were associated with the most of the variation in bulk water microbiome composition. Disinfectant type exerted a notably low-magnitude impact on microbiome composition. At two utilities using the same source water, slight differences in treatment approaches were associated with differences in rare taxa in samples. For genera containing opportunistic pathogens, Utility C samples (highest pH of 9–10) had the highest frequency of detection for Legionella spp. and lowest relative abundance of Mycobacterium spp. Data were examined across utilities to identify a true universal core, special core, and peripheral organisms to deepen insight into the physical and chemical factors that shape the building plumbing microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ji
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Parks
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Marc A. Edwards
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Amy Pruden
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Using Amplicon Sequencing To Characterize and Monitor Bacterial Diversity in Drinking Water Distribution Systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6463-73. [PMID: 26162884 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01297-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drinking water assessments use a variety of microbial, physical, and chemical indicators to evaluate water treatment efficiency and product water quality. However, these indicators do not allow the complex biological communities, which can adversely impact the performance of drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), to be characterized. Entire bacterial communities can be studied quickly and inexpensively using targeted metagenomic amplicon sequencing. Here, amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene region was performed alongside traditional water quality measures to assess the health, quality, and efficiency of two distinct, full-scale DWDSs: (i) a linear DWDS supplied with unfiltered water subjected to basic disinfection before distribution and (ii) a complex, branching DWDS treated by a four-stage water treatment plant (WTP) prior to disinfection and distribution. In both DWDSs bacterial communities differed significantly after disinfection, demonstrating the effectiveness of both treatment regimes. However, bacterial repopulation occurred further along in the DWDSs, and some end-user samples were more similar to the source water than to the postdisinfection water. Three sample locations appeared to be nitrified, displaying elevated nitrate levels and decreased ammonia levels, and nitrifying bacterial species, such as Nitrospira, were detected. Burkholderiales were abundant in samples containing large amounts of monochloramine, indicating resistance to disinfection. Genera known to contain pathogenic and fecal-associated species were also identified in several locations. From this study, we conclude that metagenomic amplicon sequencing is an informative method to support current compliance-based methods and can be used to reveal bacterial community interactions with the chemical and physical properties of DWDSs.
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Hull NM, Reens AL, Robertson CE, Stanish LF, Harris JK, Stevens MJ, Frank DN, Kotter C, Pace NR. Molecular analysis of single room humidifier bacteriology. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 69:318-327. [PMID: 25574772 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Portable, single-room humidifiers are commonly used in homes for comfort and health benefits, but also create habitats for microbiology. Currently there is no information on home humidifier microbiology aside from anecdotal evidence of infection with opportunistic pathogens and irritation from endotoxin exposure. To obtain a broader perspective on humidifier microbiology, DNAs were isolated from tap source waters, tank waters, and biofilm samples associated with 26 humidifiers of ultrasonic and boiling modes of operation in the Front Range of Colorado. Humidifiers sampled included units operated by individuals in their homes, display models continuously operated by a retail store, and new humidifiers operated in a controlled laboratory study. The V1V2 region of the rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced to determine the taxonomic composition of humidifier samples. Communities encountered were generally low in richness and diversity and were dominated by Sphingomonadales, Rhizobiales, and Burkholderiales of the Proteobacteria, and MLE1-12, a presumably non-photosynthetic representative of the cyanobacterial phylum. Very few sequences of potential health concern were detected. The bacteriology encountered in source waters sampled here was similar to that encountered in previous studies of municipal drinking waters. Source water bacteriology was found to have the greatest effect on tank water and biofilm bacteriology, an effect confirmed by a controlled study comparing ultrasonic and boiler humidifiers fed with tap vs. treated (deionized, reverse osmosis, 0.2 μm filtered) water over a period of two months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hull
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - Abigail L Reens
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - Lee F Stanish
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - J Kirk Harris
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark J Stevens
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel N Frank
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cassandra Kotter
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Norman R Pace
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA.
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