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Mohan S, Surendran S, Malini NA, George KR. Evaluation of Bisphenol S (BPS) Toxicity on the Reproductive system of Channa striatus: Insights for Environmental Risk Assessment. Reprod Toxicol 2024:108690. [PMID: 39178970 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems face significant exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can mimic, block, or alter the synthesis of endogenous hormones. Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely known EDC, has been phased out from consumer products due to concerns about its potential impacts on human health. In its place, bisphenol S (BPS), an organic compound, has been increasingly used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, thermal receipt papers, and currency. Vitellogenin (Vtg), a yolk precursor protein synthesized in the liver and present in oviparous fish, particularly males, serves as a pertinent biomarker for studying the effects of estrogenic EDCs on fish. This study aimed to assess the impact of BPS on reproductive parameters and hepatic vitellogenin expression in Channa striatus. The LC50 of BPS was determined to be 128.8mg/L. Experimental groups included control and BPS-exposed fish, with sub-lethal concentrations of BPS (1mg/L, 4mg/L, and 12mg/L) administered and effects monitored at seven- and twenty-one-day intervals. Significant decreases in gonadosomatic index (GSI), ova diameter, and fecundity were observed in BPS-exposed Channa striatus. Hepatic Vtg mRNA expression was downregulated in female and upregulated in male following BPS exposure. Serum hormone analysis confirmed the estrogenic activity of BPS. These findings underscore BPS's ability as an endocrine disruptor to interfere with hormone synthesis and disrupt spermatogenesis and oogenesis processes in Channa striatus. This research contributes to understanding the endocrine-disrupting effects of BPS on aquatic organisms, highlighting potential ecological implications and the need for continued monitoring and regulatory considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Mohan
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College Kozhencherry - 689 641, Kerala, India
| | - Siju Surendran
- Centre for Neuoroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
| | - N A Malini
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College Kozhencherry - 689 641, Kerala, India
| | - K Roy George
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College Kozhencherry - 689 641, Kerala, India.
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Meng L, Ouyang Z, Chen Y, Huang C, Yu Y, Fan R. Low-dose BPA-induced neuronal energy metabolism dysfunction and apoptosis mediated by PINK1/parkin mitophagy pathway in juvenile rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172655. [PMID: 38653419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is related to neurological disorders involving mitochondrial dysfunction, while the mechanism remains elusive. Therefore, we explored it through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, hippocampal neurons derived from neonatal rats of different genders were exposed to 1-100 nM and 100 μM BPA, autophagy activator Rapa and inhibitor 3-MA for 7 d. The results suggested that even nanomolar BPA (1-100 nM) disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis and damaged the integrity of mitochondrial cristae in neurons (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BPA increased the number of autophagic lysosomes, LC3II/LC3I ratio, and p62 expression, and decreased parkin expression (p < 0.05), suggesting that the entry of damaged mitochondria into autophagic pathway was prompted, while the autophagic degradation pathway was blocked. This further disrupts neuronal energy metabolism and promotes neuronal apoptosis. However, Rapa attenuated the adverse effects caused by BPA, while 3-MA exacerbated these reactions. In vivo, exposure of juvenile rats to 0.5, 50, 5000 μg/kg‧bw/day BPA during PND 7-21 markedly impaired the structure of hippocampal mitochondria, increased the number of autophagosomes, the rate of neuronal apoptosis, and the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Cyt C, Bax, Bak1, and Caspase3, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 (p < 0.05). Particularly, male rats are more sensitive to low-dose BPA than females. Overall, environmental-doses BPA can induce the imbalance of energy metabolism in hippocampal neurons via PINK1/parkin mitophagy, thereby inducing their apoptosis. Importantly, this study provides a theoretical basis for attenuating BPA-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxue Meng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zedong Ouyang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chengmeng Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ruifang Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Qin J, Qi X, Li Y, Tang Z, Zhang X, Ru S, Xiong JQ. Bisphenols can promote antibiotic resistance by inducing metabolic adaptations and natural transformation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134149. [PMID: 38554512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Whether bisphenols, as plasticizers, can influence bacterial uptake of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in natural environment, as well as the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Our results showed that four commonly used bisphenols (bisphenol A, S, F, and AF) at their environmental relative concentrations can significantly promote transmission of ARGs by 2.97-3.56 times in Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. Intriguingly, we observed ADP1 acquired resistance by integrating plasmids uptake and cellular metabolic adaptations other than through reactive oxygen species mediated pathway. Metabolic adaptations including upregulation of capsules polysaccharide biosynthesis and intracellularly metabolic enzymes, which enabled formation of thicker capsules for capturing free plasmids, and degradation of accumulated compounds. Simultaneously, genes encoding DNA uptake and translocation machinery were incorporated to enhance natural transformation of antibiotic resistance carrying plasmids. We further exposed aquatic fish to bisphenols for 120 days to monitor their long-term effects in aquatic environment, which showed that intestinal bacteria communities were dominated by a drug resistant microbiome. Our study provides new insight into the mechanism of enhanced natural transformation of ARGs by bisphenols, and highlights the investigations for unexpectedly-elevated antibiotic-resistant risks by structurally related environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; School of Life Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Qi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhuyun Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jiu-Qiang Xiong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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4
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vom Saal FS, Antoniou M, Belcher SM, Bergman A, Bhandari RK, Birnbaum LS, Cohen A, Collins TJ, Demeneix B, Fine AM, Flaws JA, Gayrard V, Goodson WH, Gore AC, Heindel JJ, Hunt PA, Iguchi T, Kassotis CD, Kortenkamp A, Mesnage R, Muncke J, Myers JP, Nadal A, Newbold RR, Padmanabhan V, Palanza P, Palma Z, Parmigiani S, Patrick L, Prins GS, Rosenfeld CS, Skakkebaek NE, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM, Swan SH, Taylor JA, Toutain PL, von Hippel FA, Welshons WV, Zalko D, Zoeller RT. The Conflict between Regulatory Agencies over the 20,000-Fold Lowering of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for Bisphenol A (BPA) by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:45001. [PMID: 38592230 PMCID: PMC11003459 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommended lowering their estimated tolerable daily intake (TDI) for bisphenol A (BPA) 20,000-fold to 0.2 ng / kg body weight ( BW ) / day . BPA is an extensively studied high production volume endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with a vast array of diseases. Prior risk assessments of BPA by EFSA as well as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have relied on industry-funded studies conducted under good laboratory practice protocols (GLP) requiring guideline end points and detailed record keeping, while also claiming to examine (but rejecting) thousands of published findings by academic scientists. Guideline protocols initially formalized in the mid-twentieth century are still used by many regulatory agencies. EFSA used a 21st century approach in its reassessment of BPA and conducted a transparent, but time-limited, systematic review that included both guideline and academic research. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) opposed EFSA's revision of the TDI for BPA. OBJECTIVES We identify the flaws in the assumptions that the German BfR, as well as the FDA, have used to justify maintaining the TDI for BPA at levels above what a vast amount of academic research shows to cause harm. We argue that regulatory agencies need to incorporate 21st century science into chemical hazard identifications using the CLARITY-BPA (Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity) nonguideline academic studies in a collaborative government-academic program model. DISCUSSION We strongly endorse EFSA's revised TDI for BPA and support the European Commission's (EC) apparent acceptance of this updated BPA risk assessment. We discuss challenges to current chemical risk assessment assumptions about EDCs that need to be addressed by regulatory agencies to, in our opinion, become truly protective of public health. Addressing these challenges will hopefully result in BPA, and eventually other structurally similar bisphenols (called regrettable substitutions) for which there are known adverse effects, being eliminated from all food-related and many other uses in the EU and elsewhere. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick S. vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Antoniou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Scott M. Belcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ake Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ramji K. Bhandari
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- Scientist Emeritus and Former Director, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Scholar in Residence, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aly Cohen
- Integrative Rheumatology Associates, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Terrence J. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Comparative Physiology Laboratory, Natural History Museum, Paris, France
| | - Anne Marie Fine
- Environmental Medicine Education International, Mancos, Colorado, USA
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana—Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Veronique Gayrard
- ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - William H. Goodson
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea C. Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patricia A. Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Christopher D. Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Retha R. Newbold
- Scientist Emeritus, NTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paola Palanza
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Parmigiani
- Unit of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lyn Patrick
- Environmental Medicine Education International, Mancos, Colorado, USA
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Niels E. Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Sonnenschein
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana M. Soto
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julia A. Taylor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- NTHERES, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frank A. von Hippel
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wade V. Welshons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Zalko
- ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - R. Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Kuwamura M, Tanaka K, Onoda A, Taki K, Koriyama C, Kitagawa K, Kawamoto T, Tsuji M. Measurement of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE), BADGE derivatives, and Bisphenol F Diglycidyl Ether (BFDGE) in Japanese infants with NICU hospitalization history. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38191376 PMCID: PMC10773092 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and Bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) are used in medical devices, such as intravenous sets, syringes, and catheters. Several studies have reported that these compounds are endocrine disruptors, cytotoxic, and genotoxic, raising concerns about their adverse effects on infants, in a stage of remarkable growth and development. The present study aimed to measure the serum concentrations of BADGE, derivatives of BADGE, and BFDGE in infants and examine the factors that influence them. METHODS Ten infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were enrolled in the present study. Blood samples from each infant and questionnaires from their mothers were collected twice, at 1-2 months and 7 months of age. BADGE, BADGE·H2O, BADGE·2H2O, and BFDGE were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Serum BADGE·2H2O was identified in all infants, at both 1-2 months (2.30-157.58 ng/ml) and 7 months of age (0.86-122.85 ng/ml). One of the two infants who received invasive ventilation showed a substantially increased BADGE·2H2O concentration. There was no significant difference in BADGE·2H2O concentrations at 7 months of age between the group that ate commercial baby food at least ≥ 1 time per week and the group that did not. CONCLUSIONS BADGE·2H2O was detected in the serum of all infants with a history of NICU hospitalization. Future studies are needed to determine the source of BADGE exposure and investigate its effects on infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Kuwamura
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Atsuto Onoda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-Cho Showa-Ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Toxicology and Health Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Taki
- Division for Medical Research Engineering, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho Showa-Ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kitagawa
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawamoto
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
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Motta G, Thangaraj SV, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A on Senescence and Circadian Mediators in the Liver of Sheep. TOXICS 2023; 12:15. [PMID: 38250971 PMCID: PMC10818936 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) plays a critical role in the developmental programming of liver dysfunction that is characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circadian and aging processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We hypothesized that the prenatal BPA-induced fatty-liver phenotype of female sheep is associated with premature hepatic senescence and disruption in circadian clock genes. The expression of circadian rhythm and aging-associated genes, along with other markers of senescence such as telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and lipofuscin accumulation, were evaluated in the liver tissue of control and prenatal BPA groups. Prenatal BPA exposure significantly elevated the expression of aging-associated genes GLB1 and CISD2 and induced large magnitude differences in the expression of other aging genes-APOE, HGF, KLOTHO, and the clock genes PER2 and CLOCK-in the liver; the other senescence markers remained unaffected. Prenatal BPA-programmed aging-related transcriptional changes in the liver may contribute to pathological changes in liver function, elucidating the involvement of aging genes in the pathogenesis of liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (G.M.); (S.V.T.)
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Zi S, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wu D, Liu J. Transport of bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and three bisphenol F isomers in saturated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116091-116104. [PMID: 37906332 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
With the limitation of the use of bisphenol A (BPA), the production of its substitutes, bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (4,4'-BPF) is increasing. Understanding the fate and transport of BPA and its substitutes in porous media can help reduce their risk of contaminating soil and groundwater systems. In this study, column and batch adsorption experiments were performed with 14C-labeled bisphenol analogs and combined with mathematical models to investigate the interaction of BPA, BPS, 4,4'-BPF, 2,2'-BPF, and 2,4'-BPF with four standard soils with different soil organic matter (SOM) contents. The results show that the transport capacity of BPS and 4,4'-BPF in the saturated soils is significantly stronger than that of BPA. Meanwhile, the mobility of the three isomers of bisphenol F exhibits variability in saturated soils with high SOM content. The two-site nonequilibrium sorption model was applied to simulate and interpret column experimental data, and model simulations described the interactions between the bisphenol analogs and soil very well. The fitting results underscore SOM's role in providing dynamic adsorption sites for bisphenol analogs. Hydrophobicity primarily accounts for the disparity in adsorption affinity between BPA, BPS, 4,4'-BPF, and soil, whereas hydrogen bonding forces may predominantly influence the differential adsorption affinity between 4,4'-BPF and its isomers and soil. The results of this study indicate that BPS and three isomers of BPF, as alternatives to BPA, have higher mobility in saturated soils and may pose a substantial risk to groundwater quality. This study enhances our understanding of bisphenol analogs' behavior in natural soils, facilitating an assessment of their environmental implications, particularly regarding groundwater contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxin Zi
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jiale Xu
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zhang W, Zheng N, Wang S, Sun S, An Q, Li X, Li Z, Ji Y, Li Y, Pan J. Characteristics and health risks of population exposure to phthalates via the use of face towels. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 130:1-13. [PMID: 37032026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The production of face towels is growing at an annual rate of about 4% in China, reaching 1.13 million tons by 2021. Phthalates (PAEs) are widely used in textiles, and face towels, as an important household textile, may expose people to PAEs via the skin, further leading to health risks. We collected new face towels and analyzed the distribution characterization of PAEs in them. The changes of PAEs were explored in a face towel use experiment and a simulated laundry experiment. Based on the use of face towels by 24 volunteers, we calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI) and comprehensively assessed the hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and dermal cancer risk (DCR) of PAEs exposure in the population. PAEs were present in new face towels at total concentrations of <MDL-2388 ng/g, with a median of 173.2 ng/g, which was a lower contamination level compared with other textiles. PAE contents in used face towels were significantly higher than in new face towels. The concentrations of PAEs in coral velvet were significantly higher than those in cotton. Water washing removed some PAEs, while detergent washing increased the PAE content on face towels. Gender, weight, use time, and material were the main factors affecting EDI. The HQ and HI were less than 1, which proved PAEs had no significant non-carcinogenic health risks. Among the five target PAEs studied, DEHP was the only carcinogenic PAE and may cause potential health risks after long-term exposure. Therefore, we should pay more attention to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Na Zheng
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Sujing Wang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qirui An
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yining Ji
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yunyang Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jiamin Pan
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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9
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Yu H, Liu Y. Impact of Extended and Combined Exposure of Bisphenol Compounds on Their Chromosome-Damaging Effect─Increased Potency and Shifted Mode of Action. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:498-508. [PMID: 36571243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol (BP) compounds are important environmental pollutants and endocrine disruptors. BPs are capable of inducing DNA/chromosome breaks (clastogenesis, involved in carcinogenesis), which requires activation by human CYP1A1. We hypothesized that combined BPs and extended (from the standard two-cell cycle) exposure may enhance their genotoxicity via modulating CYP enzymes. In this study, individual and combined BPA/BPF/BPS/BPAF and a human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line were used for testing several genotoxicity end points. Exposing for a two-cell cycle period (48 h), each BP alone (0.625-10 μM) was negative in the micronucleus test, while micronucleus was formed under three- (72 h) and four-cell cycle (96 h) exposure; BP combinations further elevated the potency (with nanomolar thresholds). Immunofluorescence analysis of the centromere with formed micronucleus indicated that 48 h exposure produced centromere-negative micronucleus and phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) (evidencing clastogenesis), while extended (72 and 96 h) exposure formed centromere-positive micronucleus and phosphorylated histone H3 (p-H3) (indicating chromosome loss, i.e., aneugenesis); moreover, 1-aminotriabenzotriazole (CYP inhibitor) selectively blocked the formation of centromere-negative micronucleus and γ-H2AX, without affecting that of centromere-positive micronucleus and p-H3. This study suggests that the genotoxicity of BPs is potentiated by combined and extended exposure, the latter being specific for aneuploidy formation, a CYP activity-independent effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
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10
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Li H, Li H, Wu X, Wu Y, Zhang J, Niu Y, Wu Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Lyu B, Shao B. Human dietary exposure to bisphenol-diglycidyl ethers in China: Comprehensive assessment through a total diet study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107578. [PMID: 36244230 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in various consumer products as protective plasticizer, studies on human dietary exposure to these compounds are scare. In this study, nine bisphenol diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) including BADGE, BFDGE, and seven of their derivatives were determined in the Chinese adult population based on composite dietary samples collected from the sixth (2016-2019) China total diet study (TDS). Contamination level of nine BDGEs was determined in 288 composite dietary samples from 24 provinces in China. BADGE·2H2O and BADGE are the most frequently detected and BADGE·2H2O presented the highest mean concentration (2.402 μg/kg). The most contaminated food composite is meats, with a mean ∑9BDGEs of 8.203 μg/kg, followed by aquatic products (4.255 μg/kg), eggs (4.045 μg/kg), and dairy products (3.256 μg/kg). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of ∑9BDGEs based on the mean and 95th percentile concentrations are 121.27 ng/kg bw/day and 249.71 ng/kg bw/day. Meats, eggs, and aquatic products are the main source of dietary exposure. Notably, beverages and water, alcohols were the main contributors of dietary exposure to BADGE and BADGE·2H2O, followed by animal-derived foods. Dietary exposure assessment demonstrated that human dietary BDGEs do not pose risks to general population based on the mean and 95th percentile hazard index with < 1. This is the first comprehensive national dietary exposure assessment of BDGEs in Chinese general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Heli Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yige Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yumin Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bing Lyu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Zhang B, Zhang H, Bai X, Zhang T, Xue J, Lu S, Kannan K. Placental transfer of bisphenol diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) and its association with maternal health in a population in South of China. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 2022; 1:244-250. [PMID: 38077258 PMCID: PMC10702892 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite high production and usage, little is known about exposure to bisphenol diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) and their derivatives in pregnant women and fetuses. In this study, we determined nine BDGEs in 106 paired maternal and cord serum samples collected from e-waste dismantling sites in South of China. Bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·2H2O), bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·HCl·H2O), and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were the major BDGEs, with median concentrations of 0.57, 4.07, and 1.60 ng/mL, respectively, in maternal serum, and of 3.58, 5.61, and 0.61 ng/mL, respectively, in cord serum. The transplacental transfer efficiencies (TTEs) were estimated for BDGEs found in samples, and median values were in the range of 0.98 (BFDGE) to 5.91 (BADGE·2H2O). Our results suggested that passive diffusion plays a role in the placental transfer of BADGE·HCl·H2O and BFDGE, whereas several mechanisms contribute to the high accumulation of BADGE·2H2O in cord serum. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated significant associations between maternal serum concentrations of BDGEs and blood clinical biomarkers, especially those related to liver injuries, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) (P < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence of BDGEs in paired maternal-fetal serum samples and provide new insights into prenatal and fetal exposures. The newly discovered TTEs in maternal-fetal pairs contribute to a fuller inventory of the transmission activity of pollutants in the human body, ultimately adding to a more significant comprehensive risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Henglin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York NY10016, USA
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12
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Developmental and Reproductive Impacts of Four Bisphenols in Daphnia magna. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314561. [PMID: 36498889 PMCID: PMC9738221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) used worldwide. Considering its adverse effects, BPA has been banned or strictly restricted in some nations, and many analogs have been introduced to the market. In this study, we selected three representative substitutes, BPS, BPF, and BPAF, along with BPA, to assess the developmental and reproductive effects on Daphnia magna. The F0 generation was exposed to bisphenols (BPs) at an environmentally relevant concentration (100 μg/L) for 21 d; then the embryo spawn at day 21 was collected. Behavior traits, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and gene transcription were evaluated at three developmental stages (days 7, 14, and 21). Notably, body length, heart rate, and thoracic limb beating were significantly decreased, and D. magna behaved more sluggishly in the exposed group. Moreover, exposure to BPs significantly increased the antioxidant enzymatic activities, which indicated that BPs activated the antioxidant defense system. Additionally, gene expression indicated intergenerational effects in larvae, particularly in the BPAF group. In conclusion, BPA analogs such as BPF and BPAF showed similar or stronger reproductive and developmental toxicity than BPA in D. magna. These findings collectively deepen our understanding of the toxicity of BPA analogs and provide empirical evidence for screening safe alternatives to BPA.
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13
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Torres-García JL, Ahuactzin-Pérez M, Fernández FJ, Cortés-Espinosa DV. Bisphenol A in the environment and recent advances in biodegradation by fungi. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134940. [PMID: 35588877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a compound used in the manufacture of a wide variety of everyday materials that, when released into the environment, causes multiple detrimental effects on humans and other organisms. The reason for this review is to provide an overview of the presence, distribution, and concentration of BPA in water, soil, sediment, and air, as well as the process of release and migration, biomagnification, and exposure mechanisms that cause various toxic effects in humans. Therefore, it is important to seek efficient and economic strategies that allow its removal from the environment and prevent it from reaching humans through food chains. Likewise, the main removal techniques are analyzed, focusing on biological treatments, particularly the most recent advances in the degradation of BPA in different environmental matrices through the use of ligninolytic fungi, non-ligninolytic fungi and yeasts, as well as the possible routes of metabolic processes that allow their biotransformation or biodegradation due to their efficient extracellular enzyme systems. This review supports the importance of the application of new biotechnological tools for the degradation of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Torres-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Ahuactzin-Pérez
- Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martín Km 10.5, 90120, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - F J Fernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diana V Cortés-Espinosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada. Carretera Estatal San Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km 1.5, 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizabal, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
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14
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Mu X, Qi S, Wang H, Yuan L, Wang C, Li Y, Qiu J. Bisphenol analogues induced metabolic effects through eliciting intestinal cell heterogeneous response. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107287. [PMID: 35598417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol analogues, have drawn increasing attention. Bisphenol A (BPA) usage is associated with the occurrence of many metabolic diseases. With the restricted use of BPA, alternatives like bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) have been greatly introduced for industrial manufacture, and brings new hazard to public health. To understand how bisphenol analogues induced metabolic effects, zebrafish are continuous exposed to environmental level (0.5 μg/L) of BPA, BPF and BPAF since embryonic stage, and identified hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance at 60-day post fertilization. Hepatic transcriptional profile indicated that pancreatic disease pathways were activated by BPA, but were inhibited by BPF. At the same time, increased lipid secretion and gluconeogenesis pathways in zebrafish liver was found post BPAF exposure. Significant inflammatory response, histological injury and increased mucus secretion was detected in zebrafish intestine post exposure of three bisphenol analogues. Single-cell RNA sequencing of zebrafish intestinal cells revealed activation of lipid uptake and absorption pathways in enterocyte lineages, which well explained the hepatic steatosis induced by BPA and BPF. Besides, genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, diabetes and insulin resistance were activated in intestinal immune cell types by three bisphenol analogues. These findings indicated that BPA and its alternatives could lead to abnormal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of zebrafish through inducing cell heterogeneous changes in gut, and revealed both molecular and cellular mechanism in mediating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Mu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilai Yuan
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingren Li
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Mu X, Liu J, Wang H, Yuan L, Wang C, Li Y, Qiu J. Bisphenol F Impaired Zebrafish Cognitive Ability through Inducing Neural Cell Heterogeneous Responses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8528-8540. [PMID: 35616434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a sensitive target for endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol analogues. Bisphenol A (BPA) usage is associated with the occurrence of many neurological diseases. With the restricted use of BPA, bisphenol F (BPF) has been greatly introduced for industrial manufacture and brings new hazards to public CNS health. To understand how BPF affects the neural system, we performed a cognitive test for zebrafish that are continuously exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5 and 5.0 μg/L) of BPF since embryonic stage and identified suppressed cognitive ability in adulthood. Single-cell RNA sequencing of neural cells revealed a cell composition shift in zebrafish brain post BPF exposure, including increase in microglia and decrease in neurons; these changes were further validated by immune staining. At the same time, a significant inflammatory response and increased phagocytic activity were detected in zebrafish brain post BPF exposure, which were consistent with the activation of microglia. Cell-specific transcriptomic profiles showed that abnormal phagocytosis, activated brain cell death, and apoptosis occurred in microglia post BPF exposure, which are responsible for the neuron loss. In addition, certain neurological diseases were affected by BPF in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, such as the movement disorder and neural muscular disease, however, with distinctly involved genes. These findings indicate that BPF exposure could lead to an abnormal cognitive behavior of zebrafish through inducing heterogeneous changes of neural cells in brain and revealed the dominating role of microglia in mediating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Mu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100098, People's Republic of China
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilai Yuan
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingren Li
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100098, People's Republic of China
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16
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Yang R, Chen X, Niu Y, Shao B. Metabolic profiling of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 166:113252. [PMID: 35738325 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGE) is one class of human-made chemicals, and it is one of the most widely used raw materials for epoxy resins. As an active compound, BADGE undergoes biotransformation in vitro and in vivo. However, there is a limited understanding of the biotransformation of BADGE and toxicity studies on transformation products. We conducted comprehensive research on the metabolic transformation of BADGE in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that 12 metabolites and 7 metabolites were identified in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Four biotransformation products, including M1 (hydrolysis), M3 (dehydroxylation), M10 (carboxylation), and M11 (glucose conjugation), can be found in both in vitro and in vivo samples. The main metabolic pathways were hydroxylation, carboxylation, cysteine (Cys) conjugation, and glucose conjugation. Besides, our results suggested the existence of metabolic differences in BADGE between species and gender. Further, we investigated toxicities of BADGE metabolites in-silico. Importantly, some hydrolysis (M1, M2), hydroxylation (M7), and oxidation (M8) products showed similar or even higher potential toxicity than BADGE depending on the endpoint. These results enrich the biotransformation profiles of BADGE and provide useful information for understanding its biotransformation in humans and a reference for the comprehensive assessment for human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianggui Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Yumin Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention &Control, Beijing, 100013, China.
| | - Bing Shao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention &Control, Beijing, 100013, China.
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17
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Haverinen E, Fernandez MF, Mustieles V, Tolonen H. Metabolic Syndrome and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: An Overview of Exposure and Health Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13047. [PMID: 34948652 PMCID: PMC8701112 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is causing a significant health burden among the European population. Current knowledge supports the notion that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with human metabolism and hormonal balance, contributing to the conventionally recognized lifestyle-related MetS risk factors. This review aims to identify epidemiological studies focusing on the association between MetS or its individual components (e.g., obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension) and eight HBM4EU priority substances (bisphenol A (BPA), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic and mercury)). Thus far, human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have presented evidence supporting the role of EDC exposures on the development of individual MetS components. The strength of the association varies between the components and EDCs. Current evidence on metabolic disturbances and EDCs is still limited and heterogeneous, and mainly represent studies from North America and Asia, highlighting the need for well-conducted and harmonized HBM programmes among the European population. Rigorous and ongoing HBM in combination with health monitoring can help to identify the most concerning EDC exposures, to guide future risk assessment and policy actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsi Haverinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00300 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mariana F. Fernandez
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.F.); (V.M.)
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research and Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.F.); (V.M.)
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research and Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hanna Tolonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00300 Helsinki, Finland;
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18
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Mao J, Kinkade JA, Bivens NJ, Rosenfeld CS. miRNA changes in the mouse placenta due to bisphenol A exposure. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1909-1919. [PMID: 34841895 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine small RNA expression changes in mouse placenta induced by bisphenol A (BPA) exposure. Methods: Exposing female mice to BPA two weeks prior to conception through gestational day 12.5; whereupon fetal placentas were collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C. Small RNAs were isolated and used for small RNA-sequencing. Results: 43 small RNAs were differentially expressed. Target mRNAs were closely aligned to those expressed by thymus and brain, and pathway enrichment analyses indicated that such target mRNAs regulate neurogenesis and associated neurodevelopment processes. Conclusions: BPA induces several small RNAs in mouse placenta that might provide biomarkers for BPA exposure. Further, the placenta might affect fetal brain development through the secretion of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiude Mao
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jessica A Kinkade
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- Genomics Technology Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,MU Institute for Data Science & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Thompson Center for Autism & Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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19
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Bisphenol A Analogues Suppress Spheroid Attachment on Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells through Modulation of Steroid Hormone Receptors Signaling Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112882. [PMID: 34831106 PMCID: PMC8616109 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor, widely used in various consumer products and ubiquitously found in air, water, food, dust, and sewage leachates. Recently, several countries have restricted the use of BPA and replaced them with bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), which have a similar chemical structure to BPA. Compared to BPA, both BPS and BPF have weaker estrogenic effects, but their effects on human reproductive function including endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation still remain largely unknown. We used an in vitro spheroid (blastocyst surrogate) co-culture assay to investigate the effects of BPA, BPS, and BPF on spheroid attachment on human endometrial epithelial cells, and further delineated their role on steroid hormone receptor expression. We also used transcriptomics to investigate the effects of BPA, BPS, and BPF on the transcriptome of human endometrial cells. We found that bisphenol treatment in human endometrial Ishikawa cells altered estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling and upregulated progesterone receptors (PR). Bisphenols suppressed spheroid attachment onto Ishikawa cells, which was reversed by the downregulation of PR through PR siRNA. Overall, we found that bisphenol compounds can affect human endometrial epithelial cell receptivity through the modulation of steroid hormone receptor function leading to impaired embryo implantation.
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20
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Rosenfeld CS. Transcriptomics and Other Omics Approaches to Investigate Effects of Xenobiotics on the Placenta. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723656. [PMID: 34631709 PMCID: PMC8497882 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The conceptus is most vulnerable to developmental perturbation during its early stages when the events that create functional organ systems are being launched. As the placenta is in direct contact with maternal tissues, it readily encounters any xenobiotics in her bloodstream. Besides serving as a conduit for solutes and waste, the placenta possesses a tightly regulated endocrine system that is, of itself, vulnerable to pharmaceutical agents, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and other environmental toxicants. To determine whether extrinsic factors affect placental function, transcriptomics and other omics approaches have become more widely used. In casting a wide net with such approaches, they have provided mechanistic insights into placental physiological and pathological responses and how placental responses may impact the fetus, especially the developing brain through the placenta-brain axis. This review will discuss how such omics technologies have been utilized to understand effects of EDCs, including the widely prevalent plasticizers bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and phthalates, other environmental toxicants, pharmaceutical agents, maternal smoking, and air pollution on placental gene expression, DNA methylation, and metabolomic profiles. It is also increasingly becoming clear that miRNA (miR) are important epigenetic regulators of placental function. Thus, the evidence to date that xenobiotics affect placental miR expression patterns will also be explored. Such omics approaches with mouse and human placenta will assuredly provide key biomarkers that may be used as barometers of exposure and can be targeted by early mitigation approaches to prevent later diseases, in particular neurobehavioral disorders, originating due to placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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21
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Burgos-Aceves MA, Abo-Al-Ela HG, Faggio C. Impact of phthalates and bisphenols plasticizers on haemocyte immune function of aquatic invertebrates: A review on physiological, biochemical, and genomic aspects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126426. [PMID: 34166954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The invertebrate innate immunity is a crucial characteristic that represents a valuable basis for studying common biological responses to environmental pollutants. Cell defence mechanisms are key players in protecting the organism from infections and foreign materials. Many haemocyte-associated immunological parameters have been reported to be immunologically sensitive to aquatic toxins (natural or artificial). Environmental plastic pollution poses a global threat to ecosystems and human health due to plastic vast and extensive use as additives in various consumer products. In recent years, studies have been done to evaluate the effects of plasticizers on humans and the environment, and their transmission and presence in water, air, and indoor dust, and so forth. Hence, the development of biomarkers that evaluate biological responses to different pollutants are essential to obtain important information on plasticizers' sublethal effects. This review analyses the current advances in the adverse effects of plasticizers (as emerging contaminants), such as immunological response disruption. The review also shows a critical analysis of the effects of the most widely used plasticizers on haemocytes. The advantages of an integrative approach that uses chemical, genetic, and immunomarker assays to monitor toxicity are highlighted. All these factors are imperative to ponder when designing toxicity studies to recognize the potential effects of plasticizers like bisphenol A and phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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22
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Wang D, Zhao H, Fei X, Synder SA, Fang M, Liu M. A comprehensive review on the analytical method, occurrence, transformation and toxicity of a reactive pollutant: BADGE. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106701. [PMID: 34146765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)-based epoxy resin is one of the most widely used epoxy resins with an annual production amount of several million tons. Compared with all other legacy or emerging organic compounds, BADGE is special due to its toxicity and high reactivity in the environment. More and more studies are available on its analytical methods, occurrence, transformation and toxicity. Here, we provided a comprehensive review of the current BADGE-related studies, with focus on its production, application, available analytical methods, occurrences in the environment and human specimen, abiotic and biotic transformation, as well as the in vitro and in vivo toxicities. The available data show that BADGE and its derivatives are ubiquitous environmental chemicals and often well detected in human specimens. For their analysis, a water-free sample pretreatment should be considered to avoid hydrolysis. Additionally, their complex reactions with endogenous metabolites are areas of great interest. To date, the monitoring and further understanding of their transport and fate in the environment are still quite lacking, comparing with its analogues bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). In terms of toxicity, the summary of its current studies and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ToxCast toxicity database suggests BADGE might be an endocrine disruptor, though more detailed evidence is still needed to confirm this hypothesis in in vivo animal models. Future study of BADGE should focus on its metabolic transformation, reaction with protein and validation of its role as an endocrine disruptor. We believe that the elucidation of BADGEs can greatly enhance our understandings of those reactive compounds in the environment and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Haoduo Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Shane Allen Synder
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - Min Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
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23
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Vasiljevic T, Harner T. Bisphenol A and its analogues in outdoor and indoor air: Properties, sources and global levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:148013. [PMID: 34323825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues are high-volume production organic synthetic compounds used in the synthesis of plastics. BPA has been categorized as an endocrine disrupting compound due to its ability to disrupt the hormonal makeup of living organisms. Air and dust are common sources of exposure of BPA for living organisms and most sources are anthropogenic and a result of thermal destruction of BPA containing materials, import and export of recyclable materials (especially e-waste) and fugitive emissions near BPA handling facilities. Current reports on BPA levels in air are limited and focused on effluent and surface water analysis (due to BPA's propensity for environmental distribution to water). BPA's presence in the developing part of the world is of particular concern due to lack of regulations and uncontrolled incinerations of domestic and imported waste. The current review summarizes up-to-date scientific literature on BPA's occurrence in air, alongside physico-chemical and partitioning properties, persistence in air, seasonal variation, consideration of analytical strategies for BPA analysis and toxicological information. Globally reported air concentrations of BPA are included in this report, alongside reports on indoor air concentration of BPA and its analogues. As a special interest, levels of tetrabromobisphenol (TBBPA) are also mentioned. Overall, the highest outdoor air levels of BPA were reported in China (1.1 × 106 pg/m3) near a low-tech e-waste recycling site, while examination of indoor dust revealed the presence of bisphenol analogues used in "BPA-free" products, raising questions about their safety. Due to their low volatility, BPA and its analogues are mainly present in air associated with particles; this has important implications for their persistence in air and the role of particulate matter (especially microplastics) in their transport and deposition. Current understanding of BPA's particle association is limited, hence studying its potential for heterogeneous oxidative transformations is a pressing need required for accurate accounting of potential risk to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Vasiljevic
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada.
| | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada.
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24
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Xue Y, Bello A, Bello D. Characterization and Quantitation of Personal Exposures to Epoxy Paints in Construction Using a Combination of Novel Personal Samplers and Analytical Techniques: CIP-10MI, Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Ion Chromatography. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:539-553. [PMID: 33734284 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are extremely versatile products that are widely used in construction for coatings, adhesives, primers, and sealers. Occupational exposures to epoxies cause allergic contact dermatitis, occupational asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (epoxy-resin lung) and acute decline in lung function. Despite these health concerns, there is a striking paucity of quantitative exposure data to epoxy resins in construction. The lack of practical analytical methods and suitable personal samplers for monitoring of reactive two-component epoxide systems in real-world applications has been an unmet challenge for decades. Sampling and analysis methods for epoxies should be able to collect the paint aerosols efficiently, stop polymerization reactions at the time of sample collection, and subsequently provide detailed multispecies characterization of epoxides, as well as the total epoxide group (TEG) content of a sample, to properly document the chemical composition of exposures to epoxide paints. In this work, we present the development and application of two new complementary quantitative analytical methods-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with online ultraviolet detection and ion chromatography (IC)-for multispecies characterization of raw products, as well as inhalation and skin exposures to epoxy formulations in real-world construction applications. A novel personal sampler, CIP-10MI, was used for personal sampling of airborne epoxies. We report for the first time the results of personal inhalation and potential skin exposures to individual monomers and oligomers of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), as well as TEG, during metal structure coatings in construction; compare analytical results of the two analytical methods; and provide recommendations for method selection in future field studies. High inhalation and potential skin exposures to epoxies point to the need for interventions to reduce exposures among painters in construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Olney Hall 525, One University Ave. Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Anila Bello
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 61 Wilder St., O'Leary 540D, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 883 Broadway Street, Dugan Hall 108C, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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25
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Lestido-Cardama A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Santillana MI, Paseiro Losada P, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A. Multi-analyte method for the quantification of bisphenol related compounds in canned food samples and exposure assessment of the Spanish adult population. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Li N, Ying GG, Hong H, Tsang EPK, Deng WJ. Plasticizer contamination in the urine and hair of preschool children, airborne particles in kindergartens, and drinking water in Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116394. [PMID: 33388685 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Common plasticizers and their alternatives are environmentally ubiquitous and have become a global problem. In this study, common plasticizers (phthalates and metabolites) and new alternatives [bisphenol analogs, t-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BPDP), and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP)] were quantified in urine and hair samples from children in Hong Kong, drinking water (tap water/bottled water) samples, and airborne particle samples from 17 kindergartens in Hong Kong. The results suggested that locally, children were exposed to various plasticizers and their alternatives. High concentrations of BPDP and BDP were present in urine, hair, tap water, bottled water, and air particulate samples. The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine samples (126-2140 ng/L, detection frequencies < 81%) were lower than those detected in Japanese and German children in previous studies. However, a comparison of the estimated daily intake values for phthalates in tap water [median: 10.7-115 ng/kg body weight bw/day] and air particles (median: 1.23-7.39 ng/kg bw/day) with the corresponding reference doses indicated no risk. Bisphenol analogs were detected in 15-64% of urine samples at GM concentrations of 5.26-98.1 ng/L, in 7-74% of hair samples at GM concentrations of 57.5-2390 pg/g, in 59-100% of kindergarten air samples at GM concentrations of 43.1-222 pg/m3, and in 33-100% of tap water samples at GM concentrations of 0.90-3.70 ng/L. A significant correlation was detected between the concentrations of bisphenol F in hair and urine samples (r = 0.489, p < .05). The estimated daily urinary excretion values of bisphenol analogs suggest that exposure among children via tap water intake and airborne particle inhalation in kindergartens cannot be ignored in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Eric Po Keung Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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27
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Gyimah E, Dong X, Xu H, Zhang Z, Mensah JK. Embryonic Exposure to Low Concentrations of Bisphenol A and S Altered Genes Related to Pancreatic β-Cell Development and DNA Methyltransferase in Zebrafish. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:450-460. [PMID: 33471154 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) are implicated in the development of metabolic disorders, such diabetes mellitus. However, the epigenetic mechanism underlying the pancreatic β-cell dysregulation for both BPA/BPS needs clarification. This exploratory study was designed to investigate whether embryonic exposure to low BPA/BPS concentrations impair early pancreatic β-cell differentiation as well as DNA methylation in its gene expression profile using an in vivo model, zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 µM BPA/BPS at 4-h post fertilization (hpf) until 120 hpf. BPA/BPS-induced effects on pancreatic-related genes, insulin gene, and DNA methylation-associated genes were assessed at developmental stages (24-120 hpf), while glucose level was measure at the 120 hpf. The insulin expression levels decreased at 72-120 hpf for 1.0 µM BPA, while 0.32 and 0.24-fold of insulin expression were elicited by 0.3 and 1 µM BPS respectively at 72 hpf. Significant elevation of glucose levels; 16.3% (for 1.0 µM BPA), 7.20% (for 0.3 µM BPS), and 74.09% (for 1.0 µM BPS) higher than the control groups were observed. In addition, pancreatic-related genes pdx-1, foxa2, ptfla, and isl1 were significantly interfered compared with the untreated group. Moreover, the maintenance methylation gene, dnmt1, was monotonically and significantly decreased at early stage of development following BPA exposure but remained constant for BPS treatment relative to the control group. DNMT3a and DNMT3b orthologs were distinctively altered following BPA/BPS embryonic exposure. Our data indicated that embryonic exposure to low concentration of BPA/BPS can impair the normal expressions of pancreatic-associated genes and DNA methylation pattern of selected genes in zebrafish early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gyimah
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xing Dong
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - John Kenneth Mensah
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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28
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Vervliet P, de Nys S, Duca RC, Boonen I, Godderis L, Elskens M, van Landuyt KL, Covaci A. Human phase I in vitro liver metabolism of two bisphenolic diglycidyl ethers BADGE and BFDGE. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:7-13. [PMID: 32615244 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Root canal sealers are commonly used to endodontically treat teeth with periapical infections. Some root canal sealers based on epoxy resin contain bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE). The presence of these chemicals is of concern due to the close contact to the blood stream at the apex and the long setting times of up to 24 h. These chemicals, or any of their degradation products or metabolites, can then exert their toxic effects before being excreted. This study aimed to identify the phase I in vitro biotransformation products of BADGE and BFDGE using human liver microsomes. During incubation with microsomal fractions, the epoxides were rapidly hydrolysed in a NADPH independent manner resulting in the formation of BADGE.2H2O and BFDGE.2H2O. Further, oxidative reactions, such as hydroxylation and carboxylation, generated other BADGE metabolites, such as BADGE.2H2O-OH and BADGE.H2O.COOH, respectively. For BFDGE, further oxidation of BFDGE.2H2O led to the newly reported carboxylic acid, BFDGE.H2O.COOH. In total, three specific metabolites have been identified which can serve in future human biomonitoring studies of BADGE and BFDGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vervliet
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Siemon de Nys
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), 1, Rue Louis Rech, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Imke Boonen
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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29
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Buckley JP, Barrett ES, Beamer PI, Bennett DH, Bloom MS, Fennell TR, Fry RC, Funk WE, Hamra GB, Hecht SS, Kannan K, Iyer R, Karagas MR, Lyall K, Parsons PJ, Pellizzari ED, Signes-Pastor AJ, Starling AP, Wang A, Watkins DJ, Zhang M, Woodruff TJ. Opportunities for evaluating chemical exposures and child health in the United States: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:397-419. [PMID: 32066883 PMCID: PMC7183426 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program will evaluate environmental factors affecting children's health (perinatal, neurodevelopmental, obesity, respiratory, and positive health outcomes) by pooling cohorts composed of >50,000 children in the largest US study of its kind. Our objective was to identify opportunities for studying chemicals and child health using existing or future ECHO chemical exposure data. We described chemical-related information collected by ECHO cohorts and reviewed ECHO-relevant literature on exposure routes, sources, and environmental and human monitoring. Fifty-six ECHO cohorts have existing or planned chemical biomonitoring data for mothers or children. Environmental phenols/parabens, phthalates, metals/metalloids, and tobacco biomarkers are each being measured by ≥15 cohorts, predominantly during pregnancy and childhood, indicating ample opportunities to study child health outcomes. Cohorts are collecting questionnaire data on multiple exposure sources and conducting environmental monitoring including air, dust, and water sample collection that could be used for exposure assessment studies. To supplement existing chemical data, we recommend biomonitoring of emerging chemicals, nontargeted analysis to identify novel chemicals, and expanded measurement of chemicals in alternative biological matrices and dust samples. ECHO's rich data and samples represent an unprecedented opportunity to accelerate environmental chemical research to improve the health of US children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Paloma I Beamer
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William E Funk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ghassan B Hamra
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ramsunder Iyer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Edo D Pellizzari
- Fellows Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aolin Wang
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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30
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Liu S, Pan C, Tang Y, Chen F, Yang M, Wang KJ. Identification of novel long non-coding RNAs involved in bisphenol A induced immunotoxicity in fish primary macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:152-160. [PMID: 32147374 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), could pose a great toxicity risk to aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the underlying role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in BPA-induced immunotoxicity in head kidney (HK) macrophages of the red common carp (Cyprinus carpio), using lncRNA-RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). In BPA-exposed HK macrophages group, 2,095 and 1,138 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were obtained, respectively, compared with controls. The qRT-PCR validation results of DEGs and DE-lncRNAs were similar to the RNA-Seq results. The KEGG analysis of DEGs and target genes of DE-lncRNAs have shown that some immune-related signaling pathways, including NF-kappa B, Toll-like receptor, B-cell receptor, Jak-STAT, and Hippo signaling pathways, were severely disrupted by BPA exposure. Moreover, we observed the synergic regulation of some mRNAs involved in immune response such as two hub genes traf6 and mapk1/3 and their upstream lncRNAs in HK macrophages upon the BPA exposure or its analogue bisphenol S (BPS) exposure. This suggested the dysregulation of lncRNAs by BPA or BPS may lead to a change in the expression of hub genes, which affects the cross-talk of various signaling pathways by interaction with other network genes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the potential role of lncRNAs in immunotoxicity of bisphenol compounds in red common carp HK macrophages, and our results provide evidence for further exploring lncRNA's role in EDC-induced toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Chenyuan Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Yi Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Fangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
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Szczepańska N, Kubica P, Płotka-Wasylka J, Kudłak B, Namieśnik J. Ultrasound assisted solvent extraction of porous membrane-packed samples followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of BADGE, BFDGE and their derivatives in packed vegetables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:135178. [PMID: 31791752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The problem of the presence of trace organic pollutants in food is of growing importance due to increasing awareness about their impact on newborns, infants and adults of reproductive age. Despite the fact that packaged food products offer many advantages, packaging can be a source of contamination for stored food. Thus, monitoring such pollution in food is of high importance. In this work, a novel methodology based on the solvent extraction of porous membrane-packed samples followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied for the determination of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) and their derivatives in packed vegetables. Several parameters of the extraction process were optimized, including the volume and type of extraction solvent as well as the sonication time. Due to advantages such as simplicity of use, short analysis time, and a reduction in the required amount solvent, the developed procedure can be considered green. In addition, the developed methodology was characterized by good validation parameters. Limit if quantitation (LOQ) was found to be in the range of 0.8 to 1.5 ng/g. The obtained recoveries varied from 78.3% to 111.2%. The repeatability of the extraction ranged between 0.6% and 5.8% (RSD). The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the presence of BADGE, BFDGE and their derivative compounds in the vegetable samples stored in different types of containers. The obtained data indicate that the majority of investigated samples were contaminated by chlorinated and hydroxyl derivatives of BADGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szczepańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
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32
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Fan H, Jiang L, Lee YL, Wong CKC, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Lee KF. Bisphenol compounds regulate decidualized stromal cells in modulating trophoblastic spheroid outgrowth and invasion in vitro†. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:693-704. [PMID: 31742322 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly found in epoxy resins used in the manufacture of plastic coatings in food packaging and beverage cans. There is a growing concern about BPA as a weak estrogenic compound that can affect human endocrine function. Chemicals structurally similar to BPA, such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), have been developed as substitutes in the manufacturing industry. Whether these bisphenol substitutes have adverse effects on human endocrine and reproductive systems remains largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of BPA, BPF, and BPS on regulating the function of decidualized human primary endometrial stromal cells on trophoblast outgrowth and invasion by indirect and direct co-culture models. All three bisphenols did not affect the stromal cell decidualization process. However, BPA- and BPF-treated decidualized stromal cells stimulated trophoblastic spheroid invasion in the indirect coculture model. The BPA-treated decidualized stromal cells had upregulated expressions of several invasion-related molecules including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), whereas both BPA- and BPF-treated decidualized stromal cells had downregulated expressions of anti-invasion molecules including plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) . Taken together, BPA and BPF altered the expression of invasive and anti-invasive molecules in decidualized stromal cells modulating its function on trophoblast outgrowth and invasion, which could affect the implantation process and subsequent pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luhan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin-Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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Mao J, Jain A, Denslow ND, Nouri MZ, Chen S, Wang T, Zhu N, Koh J, Sarma SJ, Sumner BW, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Bivens NJ, Roberts RM, Tuteja G, Rosenfeld CS. Bisphenol A and bisphenol S disruptions of the mouse placenta and potential effects on the placenta-brain axis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4642-4652. [PMID: 32071231 PMCID: PMC7060676 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919563117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental trophoblast cells are potentially at risk from circulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA). To understand how BPA and the reputedly more inert bisphenol S (BPS) affect the placenta, C57BL6J mouse dams were fed 200 μg/kg body weight BPA or BPS daily for 2 wk and then bred. They continued to receive these chemicals until embryonic day 12.5, whereupon placental samples were collected and compared with unexposed controls. BPA and BPS altered the expression of an identical set of 13 genes. Both exposures led to a decrease in the area occupied by spongiotrophoblast relative to trophoblast giant cells (GCs) within the junctional zone, markedly reduced placental serotonin (5-HT) concentrations, and lowered 5-HT GC immunoreactivity. Concentrations of dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the main metabolite of serotonin, were increased. GC dopamine immunoreactivity was increased in BPA- and BPS-exposed placentas. A strong positive correlation between 5-HT+ GCs and reductions in spongiotrophoblast to GC area suggests that this neurotransmitter is essential for maintaining cells within the junctional zone. In contrast, a negative correlation existed between dopamine+ GCs and reductions in spongiotrophoblast to GC area ratio. These outcomes lead to the following conclusions. First, BPS exposure causes almost identical placental effects as BPA. Second, a major target of BPA/BPS is either spongiotrophoblast or GCs within the junctional zone. Third, imbalances in neurotransmitter-positive GCs and an observed decrease in docosahexaenoic acid and estradiol, also occurring in response to BPA/BPS exposure, likely affect the placental-brain axis of the developing mouse fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiude Mao
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Ashish Jain
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Tingting Wang
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ning Zhu
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jin Koh
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Barbara W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011;
- Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
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Karrer C, Andreassen M, von Goetz N, Sonnet F, Sakhi AK, Hungerbühler K, Dirven H, Husøy T. The EuroMix human biomonitoring study: Source-to-dose modeling of cumulative and aggregate exposure for the bisphenols BPA, BPS, and BPF and comparison with measured urinary levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105397. [PMID: 31884417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) and, with increasing occurrence, its analogs bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are applied in many consumer products, leading to humans being exposed from a vast number of sources and via several routes. Estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects are exerted by the chemical BPA, and also by its analogs. Therefore, realistic exposure assessments are needed for assessing risks related to cumulative exposure. OBJECTIVES Biomonitoring for BPA, BPS, and BPF was conducted in a human study embedded in the EU project EuroMix and the measured urinary concentrations were compared to source-to-dose calculations for source allocation and plausibility test of the model. METHODS For two 24-hour study periods separated by 2-3 weeks, 144 adult volunteers in Norway kept detailed diaries on food consumption, personal care product (PCP) use, and thermal paper (TP) handling. Concurrently, 24 h urine was collected and urinary levels of BPA, BPS, and BPF were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS). In line with the information obtained from the first study day, bisphenol exposure from food, PCPs, TP, and dust was modeled primarily individual-based with probabilistic models. Estimates for BP excretion over 24 h were obtained with the models and compared to measured amounts. RESULTS Modeled aggregate internal exposures covered the full range of measured urinary amounts for all BP analogs. In general, individual-based medians of modeled BPA exposures were in good agreement with the measurements, but individual-specific correlation was lacking. Modeled exposures mostly underestimated BPS and BPF levels in participants with positive measurements (53% and 8%), except for the P95 values of modeled BPS exposure that were higher than measured amounts if TP was handled. Most likely, diet and TP were the sources contributing the most to BP exposure in this study. Urinary measurements did not reveal a significant correlation between the amounts of canned food consumed, the number of PCPs used, or the number of TP handling events and levels of BPA, BPS, or BPF. CONCLUSIONS The good agreement between the ranges of modeled BPA exposure and measured BPA amounts indicates that available concentrations, especially from the main exposure source food, mirror the exposure situation realistically, and suggests that the exposure model considers the relevant exposure sources. The lack of individual-specific correlations means that the individual measured amounts and modeled exposures did not vary in parallel, e.g. due to mismatch of BP concentrations in food, TP, and other sources, or delayed internal exposure. The underestimation of modeled BPS and BPF exposure suggests that not all relevant sources were included in the respective exposure models. This could be due to a lack of input data, e.g. for food items, or due to an increased replacement of BPA with structural analogs compared to the used concentration and occurrence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Karrer
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Andreassen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Lovisenberggata 6, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Federal Office of Public Health, Schwarzenburgstrasse 157, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Friederike Sonnet
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Lovisenberggata 6, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit Kaur Sakhi
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Konrad Hungerbühler
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Lovisenberggata 6, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Husøy
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Lovisenberggata 6, 0456 Oslo, Norway
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Zaborowska M, Wyszkowska J, Kucharski J. Biochemical activity of soil contaminated with BPS, bioaugmented with a mould fungi consortium and a bacteria consortium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:37054-37069. [PMID: 31745783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed the scale of bisphenol S (BPS) toxicity to the soil biochemical activity and is part of a wider effort to find solutions to restore the global soil environment balance, including elimination of the effects of ecosystem pollution with BPA, of which BPS is a significant analogue. However, since there has been no research on the effect of BPS on soil health, the objective of the study was pursued based on increasing the levels of soil contamination with the bisphenol 0, 5, 50 and 500 mg BPS kg-1 DM of soil and by observing the response of seven soil enzymes: dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase and β-glucosidase to the growing BPS pressure. The potential negative effect of bisphenol S was offset by bioaugmentation with a bacteria consortium-Pseudomonas umsongensis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus weihenstephanensis and Bacillus subtilis-and a fungi consortium Mucor circinelloides, Penicillium daleae, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger. BPS was found to be a significant inhibitor of the soil enzymatic activity and, in consequence, its fertility. Dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase proved to be the most susceptible to BPS pressure. Bioaugmentation with a bacteria consortium offset the negative effect of 500 mg BPS kg-1 DM of soil by inducing an increase in the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, whereas the fungi consortium stimulated the activity of β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase. A spectacular dimension of bisphenol S inhibition corresponded with both the spring rape above-ground parts and root development disorders and the content of Ca and K in them. The BPS level in soil on day 5 of the experiment decreased by 61% and by another 19% on day 60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zaborowska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10 -727, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wyszkowska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10 -727, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jan Kucharski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10 -727, Olsztyn, Poland
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Tran TM, Hoang AQ, Le ST, Minh TB, Kannan K. A review of contamination status, emission sources, and human exposure to volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs) in indoor environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:584-594. [PMID: 31325858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Siloxanes are organo-silicon compounds containing Si-O-Si linkages and methyl branches. Depending on the structure, siloxanes can be divided into cyclic and linear compounds. Methyl siloxanes with small and medium molecular weights (molecular weights less than 500 g mol-1), are volatile under normal conditions, and hence are referred to as volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs). VMSs are additive ingredients in many products such as plastics, rubber, personal care products, and household items. This review provides information on the distribution of VMSs in consumer products, indoor air and dust, and their implications for human exposure. VMSs have been used in personal care products and household items at concentrations on the order of hundreds to thousands of micrograms per gram which are the main sources of contamination in the indoor environments. VMSs have been found widely in indoor air and dust. A significant correlation existed between VMS concentrations in indoor air and dust. Among typical VMSs, dodecamethylcylcopentasiloxane (D5) is the major compound found in indoor environments. The human exposure doses to VMSs through dermal absorption, dust ingestion, and inhalation were compiled; Inhalation is a dominant pathway of exposure to VMSs, especially in indoor environments of occupational settings like hair salons. The human exposure doses were higher in children than in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (UGAS-EU), Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Son Thanh Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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37
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Fisher M, Arbuckle TE, MacPherson S, Braun JM, Feeley M, Gaudreau É. Phthalate and BPA Exposure in Women and Newborns through Personal Care Product Use and Food Packaging. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10813-10826. [PMID: 31424210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are used in some personal care products (PCPs) and containers for food processing and packaging. The Plastics and Personal-Care Product use in Pregnancy (P4) Study (2009-10) explored the association between PCP use during pregnancy and the postpartum period among 80 pregnant women and 55 infants and BPA and phthalate concentrations in multiple maternal and infant urine specimens collected throughout the study (n = 1260 samples). The type, frequency, and timing of PCP and food packaging use 24 h before and during the urine collection period was collected at 5 time points for the mother using prospective diaries. Infant urine was collected up to 2 times before 3 months of age, and mothers answered questions about infant feeding and PCP use on their baby. In mothers, monoethyl phthalate (MEP) metabolite concentrations were significantly higher when women reported using makeup or body lotion in the last 24 h. MEP concentrations were consistently higher when the usage occurred within 0-6 h before the urine sample collection for almost all of the PCP categories. Infant lotion or baby powder application in the previous 24 h was associated with higher phthalate metabolite concentrations in infants. Total BPA metabolite concentrations were lower in exclusively breastfed infants compared to those who were exclusively formula fed or breastfed with supplementation. Given that PCPs tend to undergo frequent formulation changes, which could impact the relative importance of a certain product type as a source of exposure, continued research of this type is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | | | - Éric Gaudreau
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ) , Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ) , Quebec , Quebec G1V 5B3 , Canda
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González N, Cunha SC, Monteiro C, Fernandes JO, Marquès M, Domingo JL, Nadal M. Quantification of eight bisphenol analogues in blood and urine samples of workers in a hazardous waste incinerator. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108576. [PMID: 31299620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. In recent years, producers have started replacing BPA by other chemical analogues, such as bisphenol -S (BPS) and -F (BPF), all of them under the label "BPA-free". However, despite bisphenol (BP) analogues have a very similar structure, their endocrine-disrupting properties could differ from those of BPA. Unfortunately, information regarding human exposure to BP analogues is very limited, not only as single substances, but also as chemical mixtures. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of 8 BP analogues (A, S, F, B, AF, Z, E, and AP) in biological samples from a controlled cohort of workers in a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) located in Constantí (Catalonia, Spain). Firstly, a chemical method to analyze a mixture of those 8 analogues in total blood and urine was optimized, being samples quantified by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, a biomonitoring study was performed by collecting samples of total blood and urine of 29 people working in the HWI. Among the 8 BP analogues assessed, BPA presented the highest levels in both biological samples, with mean total (free + conjugated) BPA concentrations of 0.58 and 0.86 μg/L in blood and urine, respectively. Free vs. total BPA levels presented a mean percentage of 79% in blood and 19% in urine. Beyond BPA, traces of BPB were also found in a single sample of blood. Furthermore, none of the remaining BP analogues was detected in blood or urine. Despite BPA has been regulated, it is still very present in the environment, being human exposure to this chemical still an issue of concern for the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus González
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Monteiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Occurrence, toxicity and endocrine disrupting potential of Bisphenol-B and Bisphenol-F: A mini-review. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:222-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhu Q, Jia J, Wang Y, Zhang K, Zhang H, Liao C, Jiang G. Spatial distribution of parabens, triclocarban, triclosan, bisphenols, and tetrabromobisphenol A and its alternatives in municipal sewage sludges in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 679:61-69. [PMID: 31082603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Parabens, triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS), bisphenols (BPs), and tetrabromobisphenol A and its alternatives (TBBPAs) are used in a broad range of daily consumer products and industrial productions. Concerns have been raised over exposure of humans to these chemicals, because of their adverse health effects. However, information on the spatial distribution of parabens, TCC, TCS, BPs and TBBPAs in sludge from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) in China is still limited. In this study, 19 endocrine disrupting chemicals, including six parabens, two antimicrobials (TCC and TCS), eight BPs and three TBBPAs, were determined in sludges from 46 WWTPs across China. Concentrations of target chemicals were found in a decreased order as: ∑(TCC+TCS) (mean: 3930, range: 1340-11,100ng/g dw)>∑8BPs (201, 23.1-1240ng/g dw)>∑6parabens (67.9, 10.4-272ng/g dw)>∑3TBBPAs (18.4, 1.36-195ng/g dw). Methyl paraben (MeP), TCC, bisphenol A (BPA) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) were the major compounds found in sludge, accounting for 89.0%, 57.7%, 85.8% and 93.3% of ∑6parabens, ∑(TCC+TCS), ∑8BPs and ∑3TBBPAs, respectively. Elevated concentrations of BPs and TBBPAs were found in sludges from the Northeast China and Central South China (p<0.05), respectively, whereas there were no significant spatial difference in concentrations of parabens or antimicrobials among different geographical regions (p>0.05). Calculation of mass loading showed that sludge from East China (1340kg/yr) and South Central China (1060kg/yr) released relatively more such chemicals. This nationwide study provided baseline concentrations of these chemicals in sludges and estimated their environmental release through sludge in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiabao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kegang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei 071003, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Stabilities of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, and their derivatives under controlled conditions analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6387-6398. [PMID: 31321469 PMCID: PMC6718377 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycydyl ether (BFDGE), and their related compounds are widely used as precursors in production of epoxy resins. The high reactivity of these compounds makes the development of analytical methodologies that ensure appropriate metrological accuracy crucial. Consequently, we aimed to determine whether and to what extent the composition of the solution and storage conditions affect the stability of selected BADGE and BFDGE derivatives. The stabilities of these compounds were studied using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI–MS/MS). The chromatographic method elaborated here has allowed for separation of the analytes in time shorter than 6 min, for both methanol and acetonitrile-based mobile phases. The obtained calibration curves for all analytes were linear in the range tested. The values of limit of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.91–2.7 ng/mL, while values of limit of quantitation (LOQs) were in the range of 2.7–5.7 ng/mL. The chosen experimental conditions were compared in terms of the content of organic solvent in solution, storage temperature, and time. Our results show that the content of BADGE, BADGE·HCl, BFDGE, three-ring NOGE decreased with increasing water content (> 40% v/v). For BADGE and three-ring NOGE, significant changes in concentration were noted as early as 24 h after the test solutions had been prepared. In addition, a reduction in the storage temperature (4 to − 20 °C) reduced the rate of transformation of the monitored analytes. Our study will increase quality control in future research and may increase the reliability of the obtained results. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Gong X, Zhang T, Sun H. Widespread Occurrence of Bisphenol A in Daily Clothes and Its High Exposure Risk in Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7095-7102. [PMID: 31124657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important endocrine disrupting chemical. Although high levels of BPA in some new clothes have been reported, the occurrence of bisphenol chemicals including BPA in daily clothes is still unknown, and the human exposure to BPA in clothes has not been well assessed. In this study, used/washed clothes were collected from residents' wardrobes and the concentrations of BPA and its analogues were detected. BPA was present in all the used clothes at concentrations ranging from <3.30 to 471 ng/g (median: 34.2 ng/g; mean ± SD: 57.5 ± 93.6 ng/g), while bisphenol S was also detected in 29% of the samples. Although higher average concentration (88.4 ± 289 ng/g) and maximum concentration (1823 ng/g) of BPA were found in the new clothes, the median concentration of BPA in the used clothes (34.2 ng/g) was even higher than that in the new clothes (17.7 ng/g). Cross contamination of BPA during laundering was identified by a simulated laundry experiment, which explained the homogenizing tendency of bisphenol contaminants in the used clothes. An estimated dermal exposure dose of 52.1 ng/kg BW/d was obtained for BPA exposure in children from the highly polluted sweaty clothes (with BPA concentration of 199 ng/g). This indicates a relatively high exposure risk in humans. Compared to other exposure routes, the contribution of dermal exposure dose of BPA from the daily clothes should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Yubin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Xinying Gong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
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43
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Qiu W, Zhan H, Hu J, Zhang T, Xu H, Wong M, Xu B, Zheng C. The occurrence, potential toxicity, and toxicity mechanism of bisphenol S, a substitute of bisphenol A: A critical review of recent progress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:192-202. [PMID: 30772709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) has been introduced into the industry as a safer alternative to bisphenol A (BPA). The distribution of BPS has recently become an important issue worldwide, but investigations on the toxicity and mechanisms of BPS remain limited. A review of the literature reveals that BPS has widespread presence in environmental media, such as indoor dust, surface water, sediments, and sewage sludge. It has been detected in plants, paper products, some food items, and even in the human body. In addition, compared to BPA, BPS has a lower acute toxicity, similar or less endocrine disruption, similar neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity, and lower reproductive and developmental toxicity. The mechanisms underlying BPS toxicity may be related to the chemical properties of BPS in the human body, including interactions with estrogen receptors, and binding to DNA and some proteins, subsequently including exerting oxidative stress. However, further investigation on the potential risks of BPS to humans and its mechanisms of toxicity should be conducted to better understand and control the risks of such novel chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongyan Zhan
- Institute of Water Sciences, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Minghung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bentuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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van Leeuwen SP, Bovee TF, Awchi M, Klijnstra MD, Hamers AR, Hoogenboom RL, Portier L, Gerssen A. BPA, BADGE and analogues: A new multi-analyte LC-ESI-MS/MS method for their determination and their in vitro (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:246-253. [PMID: 30640007 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Information on the occurrence and endocrine potencies of analogues of bisphenol A (BPA) and diglycidyl ester derivatives (BDGEs) of BPA and BPF is limited. Such information is, however, important as the current debate on BPA and the lowered BPA migration limit in Europe may provide an incentive for application of structural analogues. A new sensitive multi-analyte LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed to measure 17 bisphenols (BPs) and 6 BDGEs in food, beverages and drinkware. Yeast based bioassays were used to determine the in vitro (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic properties of these and 7 additional BPs and BDGEs. Drinkware of polycarbonate and other materials were analysed for BPs and BDGEs. Only BPA and BPS and both at trace levels were found in a few containers. A limited number of (canned) foods and beverages were also analysed. BPA was the most frequently detected BP (ranged from 0.03 ng mL-1 in a beverage sample to 68 ng g-1 in food). Other BPs detected were BPS, 2,2-BPF and 4,4-BPF. In addition BADGE, BADGE.HCl, BADGE.H2O and BADGE.2H2O were detected from 0.08 ng mL-1 in a beverage sample to 3.3 ng g-1 in food. In vitro testing showed that most BPs exhibited an equal or higher estrogenic potency than BPA and most of them also showed a higher anti-androgenic potency, i.e. BPB, BPCl, BPC, BPE, 4,4-BPF, BPP, BPAF, and BPTMC. Some BPs and BDGEs were not estrogenic, but showed an anti-estrogenic effect and were anti-androgenic too. BPS was only weakly estrogenic and BADGE.2H2O and BFDGE.2H2O showed no in vitro activity. The present data show that in addition to BPA, other BPs and BDGEs can be present in food and drinks, some displaying in vitro endocrine activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pj van Leeuwen
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708 WB, the Netherlands.
| | - Toine Fh Bovee
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708 WB, the Netherlands
| | - Mohamad Awchi
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708 WB, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam D Klijnstra
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708 WB, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Rm Hamers
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708 WB, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Lap Hoogenboom
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708 WB, the Netherlands
| | - Liza Portier
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708 WB, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708 WB, the Netherlands
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45
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Rosenfeld CS, Cooke PS. Endocrine disruption through membrane estrogen receptors and novel pathways leading to rapid toxicological and epigenetic effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 187:106-117. [PMID: 30465854 PMCID: PMC6370520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen binding to estrogen receptors (ESR) triggers signaling cascades within cells. Historically, a major emphasis has been characterizing estrogen-induced genomic actions resulting from binding to nuclear estrogen receptor 1 (nESR1). However, recent evidence indicates the first receptors estrogens encounter as they enter a cell, membrane ESR1 (mESR1), also play crucial roles. Membrane and nuclear ESR are derived from the same transcripts but the former are directed to the membrane via palmitoylation. Binding and activation of mESR1 leads to rapid fluctuations in cAMP and Ca+2 and stimulation of protein kinase pathways. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) that mimic 17β-estradiol can signal through mESR1 and elicit non-genomic effects. Most current EDC studies have focused on genomic actions via nESR1. However, increasing number of studies have begun to examine potential EDC effects mediated through mESR1, and some EDC might have higher potency for signaling through mESR1 than nESR1. The notion that such chemicals might also affect mESR1 signaling via palmitoylation and depalmitoylation pathways has also begun to gain currency. Recent development of transgenic mice that lack either mESR1 or nESR1, while retaining functional ESR1 in the other compartment, will allow more precise in vivo approaches to determine EDC effects through nESR1 and/or mESR1. It is increasingly becoming apparent in this quickly evolving field that EDC directly affect mESR and estrogen signaling, but such chemicals can also affect proportion of ESR reaching the membrane. Future EDC studies should be designed to consider the full range of effects through mESR alone and in combination with nESR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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46
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Liu M, Jia S, Dong T, Han Y, Xue J, Wanjaya ER, Fang M. The occurrence of bisphenol plasticizers in paired dust and urine samples and its association with oxidative stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:472-478. [PMID: 30388685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidy ether (BADGE) and its derivatives are epoxy resins and widely used as emerging plasticizers in food packages and material coating. Though known as endocrine disruptors, little information is available on their occurrence, exposure routes and toxicity. Besides, the analysis of BADGE and its derivatives has always been a challenge due to their reactive chemical properties and the background contamination. Therefore, we firstly developed a novel water-free method to analyze BADGE and its derivatives in dust samples together with other two typical plasticizers bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). In order to investigate the levels in paired dust and urine samples, 33 paired samples were collected from Singapore. In both dust and urine samples, the predominant compounds were BPA, BADGE-2H2O and BPS. A significantly positive correlation of BPA levels in paired dust and urine samples was observed in this small-scale study. To tentatively explore the human health effect from exposure to these bisphenol plasticizers, we assessed the correlation between the urinary concentrations of these compounds and oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative stress biomarker. The result showed that 8-OHdG levels in urine samples was positively correlated with urinary BPA level and body mass index (BMI), suggesting that elevated oxidative stress might be associated with BPA exposure and obesity. In the future, a larger scale study is warranted due to the limited sample size in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shenglan Jia
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Ting Dong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Analytics Cluster, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27519, USA
| | - Elvy Riani Wanjaya
- Analytics Cluster, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Analytics Cluster, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore.
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Xue J, Kannan K. Mass flows and removal of eight bisphenol analogs, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its derivatives in two wastewater treatment plants in New York State, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:442-449. [PMID: 30121043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite high production and usage of bisphenols including bisphenol A (BPA) as well as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its derivatives (BADGEs), little is known about the occurrence and fate of these substances in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the U.S. In this study, we investigated the occurrence, removal, mass flows, and fate of eight bisphenol analogues and six BADGEs based on the concentrations measured in influent, primary effluent, final effluent, and sludge from two WWTPs (WWTPA and WWTPB) in the Albany area of New York State, USA. BPA, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and BADGE·2H2O were the predominant compounds found in influents of both WWTPs, at respective geometric mean (GM) concentrations of 90.0, 90.2, 31.2, and 6.48 ng/L in WWTPA, and 53.3, <MLOQ, 27.6, 2.25 ng/L in WWTPB. Incomplete removal of these compounds was observed in both WWTPs with the highest removal rate (52%) was found for BPA after the secondary treatment in WWTPA. The fraction of BPA sorbed to suspended particulate matter (SPM) was 6.83%. Mean daily mass loadings of total bisphenols and BADGEs ranged from 9.2 [∑(BADGEs) in WWTPB] to 226 mg/d/1000 inhabitants [∑(BPs) in WWTPA]. The environmental emission rates of total bisphenols and BADGEs through effluent discharges from WWTPs ranged from 13.7 [∑(BADGEs) in WWTPB] to 246 mg/d/1000 inhabitants [∑(BPs) in WWTPA]. Overall, bisphenols and BADGEs were not removed completely by activated sludge treatment. Furthermore, formation of bisphenols from the degradation of microplastics or other precursors such as alkylated bisphenols, in WWTPs is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27519, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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48
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Yang R, Niu Y, Wang B, Zhang J, Shao B. Determination of Nine Bisphenol-Diglycidyl Ethers in Human Breast Milk by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9810-9818. [PMID: 30148360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of their widespread use, and the mutagenicity and teratogenicity observed in in vitro studies, bisphenol-diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) were suspected of posing health risks to humans, especially to infants. Quantifying exposure of BDGEs from breast milk is essential in assessing the potential health risks of these ubiquitous compounds to infants. However, there is no reported analytical method for the determination of BDGEs in breast milk. In this context, we developed a rapid and sensitive method based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to measure nine BDGEs in breast milk. The analytes were extracted with acetonitrile and fat was removed by freezing under -20 °C. The extracts were further purified by PRiME HLB solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) for the analytes were 0.033-0.500 and 0.100-1.500 μg L-1, respectively. The recoveries of BDGEs were ranged from 71.33% to 114.33%. Good method reproducibility regarding intra- and interday precision was observed, yielding relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 11.81% and 10.83%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to 20 breast milk samples. BADGE·2H2O, BADGE·HCl·H2O, BADGE·H2O, BADGE·HCl, BFDGE·2H2O, and BFDGE·2HCl were detected. BFDGE·2HCl was the dominant BDGE with detection rate of 65.0% and the concentration ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 μg L-1. This is the first report describing the occurrence of BDGEs in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning , Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Beijing 100013 , China
| | - Yumin Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning , Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Beijing 100013 , China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning , Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Beijing 100013 , China
| | - Bing Shao
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning , Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control , Beijing 100013 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
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49
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Huang C, Wu LH, Liu GQ, Shi L, Guo Y. Occurrence and Ecological Risk Assessment of Eight Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Urban River Water and Sediments of South China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:224-235. [PMID: 29725723 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals in the water of urban areas are representative of the occurrence of these chemicals in the city surrounding water systems and reflect recent human or industrial usage of those chemicals in the sampling areas. In this study, the levels of eight endocrine-disrupting chemicals [including bisphenol analogues, parabens, and triclosan (TCS)] were determined in urban river water and sediments in Guangzhou, South China, and their related ecological risks were evaluated. The eight target chemicals were frequently detected in our samples, with concentrations ranging from not detected (ND) to 65,600 ng/L and from ND to 492 ng/g dw in river water and sediments, respectively. Among these chemicals, the three most abundant were bisphenol A (BPA) (accounting for 35% of the total amount), methyl paraben (MeP) (23%), and TCS (14%) in river water and BPA (43%), TCS (37%), and MeP (14%) in sediments. Significant correlations were found between most target EDCs, particularly MeP and TCS, in river water and sediments (both p < 0.01), indicating their similar sources and wide usage. The ecological risk assessment methods used suggested that TCS was the chemical of primary concern, with an average hazard quotient (HQ) = 1.57 (up to 11.5) in river water and an average HQ = 0.74 (up to 3.63) in sediments. In addition, the ecological risk assessment of different sampling sites indicated a suspected high-risk level for some sites in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liu-Hong Wu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Liu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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50
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Sarma H, Lee WY. Bacteria enhanced lignocellulosic activated carbon for biofiltration of bisphenols in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:17227-17239. [PMID: 29808400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There are eight bisphenol analogues being identified and characterized; among them, bisphenol A (BPA) is on the priority list on the basis of its higher level of uses, occurrence, and toxicity. The endocrine system interfered by BPA has been inventoried as it has the same function as the natural hormone 17β-estradiol and binds mainly to the estrogen receptor (ER) to exhibit estrogenic activities. The BPA concentration in surface waters (14-1390 ng/L) in many parts of the world, such as Japan, Korea, China, and India, was also a significant concern. Research efforts are focusing on restricting BPA consumption as well as removing BPA in our environment especially in drinking water. Current opinion is that lignocellulosic activated carbon stimulated with BPA-degrading bacteria could have the potential to provide solution for recent challenges faced by water utilities arising from BPA contamination in water. This technology has some new trends in the low-cost biofiltration process for removing BPA. This review is to provide in-depth discussion on the fate of BPA in our ecosystem and underlines methods to enhance the efficacy of activated carbon in the presence of BPA-degrading bacteria in the biofiltration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemen Sarma
- Department of Botany, N.N. Saikia College, Titabar, Assam, 785630, India.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Wen-Yee Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
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