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Fucà E, Guerrera S, Falvo S, Sestito S, De Rose P, Vicari S. Characterization of sleep difficulties in maltreated children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05718-w. [PMID: 39133304 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified connections between child maltreatment and sleep-related issues. However, poor is known on potential links between sleep patterns and day-to-day functioning, along with psychopathology in maltreated youths. Additionally, existing research on the relationship between sleep difficulties and maltreatment often lacks investigation into specific sleep difficulty profiles across different age ranges. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of diverse sleep disturbance profiles in a sample of maltreated children and adolescents, exploring distinct sleep disorder profiles based on sex, age, and the type of maltreatment experienced. Potential variations in adaptive and psychopathological profiles between maltreated children with and without sleep disturbances were also explored. This retrospective study included 91 children and adolescents (56% males, 44% females), aged 6 to 17, with a history of maltreatment (physical maltreatment, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, or neglect), referring for a neuropsychiatric and psychological evaluation at a pediatric hospital. Data were obtained through a retrospective file review. Sleep difficulties were measured through the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children; cognitive abilities, adaptive skills, and emotional and behavioral features were also investigated. Among maltreated youth, difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep were the most frequently observed by caregivers. Poor sex differences emerged, whereas adolescents exhibited more daytime somnolence than school-age children. Children with sleep difficulties exhibited more anxiety symptoms and worse global functioning in comparison with children without sleep difficulties.Conclusion: Considering the vital impact of sleep quality on healthy development, practitioners should offer tailored services to child maltreatment victims. Enhancing the sleep quality of these children could help foster their resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fucà
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Guerrera
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Falvo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Life Sciences and Public Health Department, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Rose
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Life Sciences and Public Health Department, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Morgan MHC, Herbst JH, Fortson BL, Shortt JW, Willis LA, Lokey C, Smith Slep AM, Lorber MF, Huber-Krum S. Evaluation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Essentials for Parenting Toddlers and Preschoolers on parent behavioral outcomes. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106928. [PMID: 39032355 PMCID: PMC11316623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's web-based behavioral parent training (BPT) program, Essentials for Parenting Toddlers and Preschoolers (EfP), uses a psychoeducational approach to promote positive parenting and address common parenting challenges. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of EfP on parenting behavior and whether implementation format impacted behavioral outcomes. METHODS A sample of 200 parents of 2- to 4-year-old children were recruited via Internet advertising. Using a repeated single subject, multiple baseline design, parents were randomly assigned to guided navigation (GN; n = 100) or unguided navigation (UN; n = 100) study conditions. Parents were provided secure access to the EfP website and completed 18 weekly surveys. Latent growth curve modeling was used to determine intervention effectiveness on behavioral outcomes. RESULTS Latent growth curve modeling indicated both GN and UN study conditions significantly increased use of praise (β = 0.19, p = 0.038) and commands and consequences (β = 0.17, p < 0.001), and decreased corporal punishment use (β = -0.01, p = 0.017) and attitudes promoting corporal punishment (β = -0.01, p < 0.001) over the study period. The UN condition exhibited a significant initial decrease in time-out use that increased over time to match the GN condition. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of EfP in promoting non-violent parenting behavior and increasing positive parenting techniques. The format of EfP implementation made no difference in parenting behaviors over time. Digital BPT programs like EfP provide access to evidence-informed parenting resources and can enhance positive parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Harbert C Morgan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey H Herbst
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Beverly L Fortson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Defense, Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office, Alexandria, VA, United States of America
| | - Joann Wu Shortt
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Leigh A Willis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Colby Lokey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Sarah Huber-Krum
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Ball WP, Anderson C, Black C, Gordon S, Lackenby M, Murchie M, Ostrovska B, O'Sullivan K, Rowlands H, Rzewuska Díaz M, Butler JE. Mental health service use in children at risk of significant harm: A record linkage study of a child protection register. Soc Sci Med 2024; 353:117057. [PMID: 38905923 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Children with experience of maltreatment, abuse or neglect have higher prevalence of poor mental health. In the United Kingdom, child protection services identify children at risk of significant harm on the Child Protection Register (CPR) and intervene to reduce risk. Prevalence and incidence of mental health service use among this population of children are not well understood. We analysed records from one Scottish Local Authority's CPR, linked to electronic health records for all children in the broader health board region aged 0-17 years. We described mental health service use among children with a CPR registration using measures of mental health prescribing and referrals to child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). We calculated age- and sex-specific incidence rates for comparison with the general population. Between 2012 and 2022, we found 1498 children with a CPR registration, with 69% successfully linked to their health records. 20% were registered before birth and median age at registration was 3 years. Incidence rates in all measures of mental health service use were higher in children with a CPR record across all ages (at outcome) and genders compared to the general population. The largest absolute difference was for boys aged 5-9 with a CPR record, who had 31.8 additional mental health prescriptions per 1000 person-years compared to the general population (50.4 vs. 18.6 prescriptions per 1000 person-years, IRR: 2.7). Girls aged 0-4 years with a CPR registration had the largest relative difference, with a rate of CAMHS referral 5.4 times higher than the general population (12.3 vs. 2.3 per 1000 person-years). Our reproducible record linkage of the CPR to health records reveals an increased risk of mental health service use during childhood. Our findings have relevance to public mental health surveillance, service prioritisation and wider policy aiming to reduce childhood exposure to risk of harm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Corri Black
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | - Bārbala Ostrovska
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science PPIE Group, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Worrell C, Pollard R, Weetman T, Sadiq Z, Pieptan M, Brooks G, Broome M, Campbell N, Gardner N, Harding S, Lavis A, McEachan RRC, Mondelli V, Morgan C, Nosarti C, Porat T, Ryan D, Schmid L, Shire K, Woods A, Pariante CM, Dazzan P, Upthegrove R. Exploring the research needs, barriers and facilitators to the collection of biological data in adolescence for mental health research: a scoping review protocol paper. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081360. [PMID: 38862229 PMCID: PMC11168127 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While research into adolescent mental health has developed a considerable understanding of environmental and psychosocial risk factors, equivalent biological evidence is lacking and is not representative of economic, social and ethnic diversity in the adolescent population. It is important to understand the possible barriers and facilitators to conduct this research. This will then allow us to improve our understanding of how biology interacts with environmental and psychosocial risk factors during adolescence. The objective of this scoping review is to identify and understand the needs, barriers and facilitators related to the collection of biological data in adolescent mental health research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Reviewers will conduct a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, ERIC, EMBASE, ProQuest, EBSCO Global Health electronic databases, relevant publications and reference lists to identify studies published in the English language at any time. This scoping review will identify published studies exploring mental health/psychopathology outcomes, with biological measures, in participants between the ages of 11 and 18 and examine the reported methodology used for data collection. Data will be summarised in tabular form with narrative synthesis and will use the methodology of Levac et al, supplemented by subsequent recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review. The scoping review will be conducted with input from patient and public involvement, specifically including young people involved in our study ('Co-producing a framework of guiding principles for Engaging representative and diverse cohorts of young peopLE in Biological ReseArch in menTal hEalth'-www.celebrateproject.co.uk) Youth Expert Working Group. Dissemination will include publication in peer-reviewed journals, academic presentations and on the project website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Worrell
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Pollard
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tyler Weetman
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zara Sadiq
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maria Pieptan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gillian Brooks
- King's Business School, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Broome
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Niyah Campbell
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Seeromanie Harding
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Lavis
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Talya Porat
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Ryan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Lea Schmid
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katy Shire
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Anthony Woods
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Ahad MA, Parry YK, Willis E, Ullah S. Child maltreatment and psycho-social impairments among child laborers in rural Bangladesh. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02671-9. [PMID: 38684514 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study focused on exploring the impact of maltreatment of child laborers on their psychosocial health condition from the views of their parents. METHODS A total of 100 parents of child laborers were recruited using snowball sampling. The structured questionnaire comprised two validated scales including ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST-P), and Paediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) were used for the survey. Factor analysis and multivariable linear regression analysis were performed to examine the data using SPSS version 26, and Stata version 16.1. RESULTS A three-factor model consisting of internalizing, externalizing, and attention associated psycho-social impairments of child laborers were derived from the 35-item scale of PSC tool and represented a good fit to the data. A mean estimate of maltreatment indicates that a majority of child laborers are maltreated psychologically, followed by physical maltreatment and neglect. The factor analysis resulted that maltreated child laborers are highly prone to exhibit internalized psycho-social difficulties, followed by externalized and attention-associated emotional and behavioral difficulties among child laborers. The regression model further depicts that child laborers, who had been physically and psychologically maltreated, are significantly more likely to be affected by internalized and attention-related psycho-social impairments. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that victimized child laborers exhibited significant internalized, as well as attention-related problems. These findings may be useful for future studies that examine emotional and behavioral problems among maltreated child laborers and, therefore, for developing prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Ahad
- Department of Rural Sociology and Development, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, SA, Australia.
| | - Yvonne Karen Parry
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, SA, Australia
| | - Eileen Willis
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, SA, Australia
- Research Training Lead, School of Graduate Research, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shahid Ullah
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, SA, Australia
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Havers L, Shuai R, Fonagy P, Fazel M, Morgan C, Fancourt D, McCrone P, Smuk M, Bhui K, Shakoor S, Hosang GM. Youth adversity and trajectories of depression/anxiety symptoms in adolescence in the context of intersectionality in the United Kingdom. Psychol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38623689 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth adversity is associated with persistence of depression and anxiety symptoms. This association may be greater for disadvantaged societal groups (such as females) compared with advantaged groups (e.g. males). Given that persistent symptoms are observed across a range of disadvantaged, minoritized, and neurodivergent groups (e.g. low compared with high socio-economic status [SES]), the intersection of individual characteristics may be an important moderator of inequality. METHODS Data from HeadStart Cornwall (N = 4441) was used to assess the effect of youth adversity on combined symptoms of depression and anxiety (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional problems subscale) measured at three time-points in 11-14-year-olds. Latent trajectories and regressions were estimated for eight intersectionality profiles (based on gender, SES, and hyperactivity/inattention), and moderating effects of the individual characteristics and their intersections were estimated. RESULTS Youth adversity was associated with higher average depression/anxiety symptoms at baseline (11-12-years) across all intersectionality profiles. The magnitude of effects differed across profiles, with suggestive evidence for a moderating effect of youth adversity on change over time in depression/anxiety symptoms attributable to the intersection between (i) gender and SES; and (ii) gender, SES, and hyperactivity/inattention. CONCLUSIONS The detrimental effects of youth adversity pervade across intersectionality profiles. The extent to which these effects are moderated by intersectionality is discussed in terms of operational factors. The current results provide a platform for further research, which is needed to determine the importance of intersectionality as a moderator of youth adversity on the development of depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Havers
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruichong Shuai
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul McCrone
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Melanie Smuk
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kamaldeep Bhui
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, and Wadham College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health, Oxford and East London NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
- World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sania Shakoor
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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Chipalo E. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Distress Among Adolescents and Youth in Zimbabwe. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241234660. [PMID: 38444122 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241234660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a global public health crisis associated with physical and poor mental health outcomes. The current study examined the prevalence and association between individual and cumulative ACEs with mental distress among adolescents and youth in Zimbabwe. Data from the 2017 Violence Against Children and Youth Survey were utilized (13-25 years old, n = 8,715). Bivariate analysis was conducted using chi-square tests to obtain the prevalence estimates. Two sets of logistic regression models were conducted to determine significant associations between independent variables (i.e., experiencing childhood physical, emotional, and sexual violence; witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) and community violence; orphan status; and cumulative ACE exposure) and the dependent variable (i.e., mental distress in the past 30 days as measured by Kelser 6). 28.4% of the adolescents and youth reported experiencing mental distress in the past 30 days. Regarding ACEs, cumulative ACE exposure (34.7%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.13) and individual ACEs (i.e., experiencing childhood physical violence [39.3%; AOR = 1.41], emotional violence [55.8%; AOR = 2.67], sexual violence [50.8%; AOR = 2.00], witnessing community violence [47.3%; AOR = 1.52], witnessing IPV [43.1%; AOR = 1.47], and being orphaned during childhood [33.6%; AOR = 1.24]) were significantly associated with higher prevalence rates and odds of experiencing mental distress in the past 30 days among adolescents and youth in Zimbabwe. These findings show that ACEs are highly prevalent and increases the risk of mental distress for vulnerable adolescents and youth in Zimbabwe. Effective interventions to reduce violence exposure in families, schools, and communities are essential to mitigate the negative consequences of ACEs and mental distress of adolescents and youth in Zimbabwe. Strengthening child protection policies and involving social workers, psychologists, and mental health workers are also crucial for safeguarding vulnerable children who might be impacted by ACEs in Zimbabwe. Implications for future research are further discussed.
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Pears KC, Tiberio SS, Kim HK. Reducing Suicidal Ideation in Preadolescents With a History of Foster Care by Promoting School Readiness in Early Childhood. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024; 29:165-175. [PMID: 35835729 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221115209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Preadolescents with a history of foster care placement report suicidal ideation (SI) at higher rates than their peers, which increases their risk for suicide attempts in adolescence. Despite these increased risks, few interventions have been shown to reduce SI in these youth. This study examined the main and mediated long-term effects of a program to increase school readiness in children in foster care at age 5 years on SI when the children were ages 9-11 years, 4-6 years after the intervention ended. Children who received the intervention were less likely to report SI, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. The intervention reduced SI indirectly through its positive effect on children's self-esteem at age 9 years. Implications for programming to reduce SI and subsequent suicide attempts in youth with a history of foster care are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Pears
- Oregon Social Learning Center, Eugene, OR, USA
- OSLC Developments, Inc, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Hyoun K Kim
- Department of Child & Family Studies, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Korea
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Wendler-Bödicker C, Kische H, Voss C, Beesdo-Baum K. The Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Body (dis)satisfaction in Adolescents and Young Adults from the General Population. J Trauma Dissociation 2024; 25:113-128. [PMID: 37403492 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2231927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment are vulnerable to body dissatisfaction and associated psychopathology such as eating disorders. The aim of this study was to expand the understanding of the association between childhood maltreatment and body dissatisfaction in adolescents and young adults. In an epidemiological cohort study, N = 1,001 participants aged 14-21 years from Dresden, Germany, completed self-report measures on childhood maltreatment, body image, and self-esteem. Lifetime mental disorders were assessed in standardized clinical interviews. Data analyses included multiple regression and mediation analyses. More than one-third of the participants reported experiences of childhood maltreatment (37.4%), in which emotional neglect and abuse were the most frequent subtypes. Individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment showed significantly less satisfaction with their physical appearance than participants without such adverse experiences. In a single mediator model, self-esteem emerged as potential mediator in the association between child maltreatment and body (dis)satisfaction. Experiences of childhood maltreatment may be considered as risk factor for the development of body dissatisfaction in adolescents, and the role of potential mediator variables such as self-esteem warrants further prospective research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wendler-Bödicker
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Behavioral Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanna Kische
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catharina Voss
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Liu J, Bai R, Liu X. Reciprocal associations between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence: long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:134. [PMID: 38037149 PMCID: PMC10688108 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression has grown to be a major social concern in China. During the coronavirus pandemic, the incidence of depression among Chinese adolescents increased substantially. More research is required to inform the prevention and intervention of adolescent depression in China. Depression is associated with Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs). Childhood abuse and neglect are distal antecedents of adolescent depression. It is not known how depression and EMSs interact in adolescence and how childhood abuse and neglect contribute to this relationship. This study aimed to examine the reciprocal relationships between depression and EMSs, as well as the long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect on depression and EMSs during adolescence. The work also investigates gender differences in these mechanisms. METHODS Using a two-wave longitudinal design, we recruited 3,485 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.2; 43.2% females) from three Shanxi Province, China middle schools. All participants completed self-report questionnaires addressing childhood abuse and neglect, depression, and EMSs. Structural equation models examined reciprocal relationships between depression and EMS, as well as the effect of childhood abuse and neglect on depression and EMSs. Multi-group analysis addressed gender differences. RESULTS Results indicated that greater depression predicted more EMSs measured later, but EMSs did not predict subsequent depression. Childhood abuse and neglect had different effects on depression and EMSs during adolescence. Specifically, exposure to childhood abuse related to more severe depression and EMSs in adolescence and contributed to the perpetuation of EMSs by increasing depression. Exposure to childhood neglect showed a direct effect on depression and indirectly reinforced subsequent EMSs through depression. There were no gender differences. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and course of depression in early adolescence, suggesting that childhood abuse and neglect are critical early risk factors. Additionally, depression plays a key role in promoting schema perpetuation among adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment, providing important implications for relevant prevention and intervention in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
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van den Heuvel LL, Assim A, Koning M, Nöthling J, Seedat S. Childhood maltreatment and internalizing/externalizing disorders in trauma-exposed adolescents: Does posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity have a mediating role? Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38017689 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with wide-ranging psychopathology at all stages of life. In the current study, we investigated whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing disorders among 262 South African trauma-exposed adolescents (aged 12-18 years). Childhood maltreatment and PTSD symptom severity were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Child PTSD Checklist, respectively. Psychiatric disorders were assessed utilizing the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime version and were grouped into internalizing or externalizing disorders. Hierarchal logistic regression was used to assess the association of childhood maltreatment subtype with internalizing and externalizing disorders, controlling for age and gender, with PTSD symptom severity added to the final model. We found that sexual abuse was significantly associated with internalizing disorders, although this effect was no longer significant when PTSD was added to the model demonstrating that PTSD mediated the association between sexual abuse and internalizing disorders. Physical abuse, but not PTSD, was associated with externalizing disorders. Physical abuse, emotional neglect, and PTSD were associated with comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders. These findings have implications for intervention and prevention strategies targeted at trauma-exposed adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Luella van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ayesha Assim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Milo Koning
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jani Nöthling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Jozefiak T, L Wallander J, Lydersen S. Change Over 11-13 Year Periods in Quality of Life, Emotional Problems and Negative Stressful Life Events Among 13-17 Year Old Students. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1415-1424. [PMID: 35338413 PMCID: PMC10435593 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Studies investigating changes in the general population over time concerning adolescent self-reported Quality of life (QoL) are sparse. The aim of this study is to investigate stability and change over more than a decade in self-reported QoL, emotional problems, and negative stressful life-events among students. Three large cross-sectional samples (N = 1032, 4744 and 3826) of 13-17-year-old adolescents attending public school in the Norwegian County of Trøndelag provide data, one from 2017 to 2019 and two from 11 and 13 years earlier. We analyzed linear and binary linear regression adjusted for age. We found few indications of large changes in overall QoL. The exception was a 50% increase in reported emotional problems in both girls and boys. Girls also reported an increase of sexually uncomfortable/abusive acts from peers from 3.7 to 7.0%. The observed changes must be addressed through public health interventions targeting school as an important arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jozefiak
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, MTFS, Pb 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jan L Wallander
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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13
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Picci G, Petro NM, Son JJ, Agcaoglu O, Eastman JA, Wang YP, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Taylor BK, Wilson TW. Transdiagnostic indicators predict developmental changes in cognitive control resting-state networks. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37615120 PMCID: PMC11140239 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, transdiagnostic indicators in relation to neurobiological processes have provided extensive insight into youth's risk for psychopathology. During development, exposure to childhood trauma and dysregulation (i.e., so-called AAA symptomology: anxiety, aggression, and attention problems) puts individuals at a disproportionate risk for developing psychopathology and altered network-level neural functioning. Evidence for the latter has emerged from resting-state fMRI studies linking mental health symptoms and aberrations in functional networks (e.g., cognitive control (CCN), default mode networks (DMN)) in youth, although few of these investigations have used longitudinal designs. Herein, we leveraged a three-year longitudinal study to identify whether traumatic exposures and concomitant dysregulation trigger changes in the developmental trajectories of resting-state functional networks involved in cognitive control (N = 190; 91 females; time 1 Mage = 11.81). Findings from latent growth curve analyses revealed that greater trauma exposure predicted increasing connectivity between the CCN and DMN across time. Greater levels of dysregulation predicted reductions in within-network connectivity in the CCN. These findings presented in typically developing youth corroborate connectivity patterns reported in clinical populations, suggesting there is predictive utility in using transdiagnostic indicators to forecast alterations in resting-state networks implicated in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nathan M Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Jake J Son
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Oktay Agcaoglu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob A Eastman
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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Archambault É, Vigod SN, Brown HK, Lu H, Fung K, Shouldice M, Saunders NR. Mental Illness Following Physical Assault Among Children. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2329172. [PMID: 37585201 PMCID: PMC10433085 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.29172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Physical assault during childhood is common and can lead to lasting mental health problems. Yet, there are few studies on the patterns of mental illness (ie, timing of onset, type, and acuity) in survivors of physical assault. Objective To determine the risk of incident health record diagnoses of mental illness among children who experienced assault compared with children who did not. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based matched cohort study used linked health administrative data sets in Ontario, Canada. Children aged 0 to 13 years who experienced an incident physical assault between 2006 and 2014 were age-matched (1:4) to children who had not experienced assault and followed up for a minimum of 5 years. Data were analyzed from January 2020 to March 2022. Exposure Physical assault resulting in hospitalization or an emergency department (ED) visit between the ages of 0 and 13 years. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was incident health record diagnosis of mental illness measured as any physician or hospital mental health care use or completed suicide. Secondary outcome measures included the acuity of incident mental illness and mental illness diagnostic category. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis generated hazard ratios (HR) for incident mental illness. Results A total of 21 948 children unexposed to assault and 5487 exposed to assault were included in the study with a mean (SD) age of 7.0 (4.6) years. There were more boys in the group that experienced assault (3006 individuals [54.8%]) compared with the group who did not (9909 individuals [45.1%]). Compared with children unexposed to assault, those exposed were more likely to be in the highest deprivation index quintile (standardized difference, 0.21) and live in rural areas (standardized difference, 0.48). Their mothers more often had active mental illness (standardized difference, 0.35). More than one-third of the exposed children had a health record diagnosis of mental illness (2219 children [38.6%]; incidence rate (IR), 53.3 per 1000 person-years) compared with 23.4% (5130 children; IR, 32.2 per 1000 person-years) of unexposed children, with an overall adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.96 (95% CI, 1.85-2.08). The greatest risk was observed in the first year following the assault (aHR, 3.08; 95% CI, 2.68-3.54). In both groups, nonpsychotic disorders were the most common type of mental illness. Initial mental illness diagnoses occurred in an acute care setting for 14.0% of exposed children (769 children) vs 2.8% of unexposed children (609 children). Conclusions and Relevance In this population-based matched cohort study, children who experienced assault had, on average, a 2 times higher risk of receiving a mental illness diagnosis and were more likely than children who had not experienced assault to present to acute care for mental illness. Early intervention to support mental health of assaulted children is warranted, particularly in the first year following assault.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Archambault
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simone N. Vigod
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hilary K. Brown
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Lu
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michelle Shouldice
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Ruth Saunders
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Streicher A, Haselgruber A, Sölva K, Lueger-Schuster B. Co-development of traumatic stress symptoms and externalising behaviour problems among foster children and the effect of complex trauma: a latent growth curve model. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067860. [PMID: 37527893 PMCID: PMC10394543 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Foster children are disproportionately exposed to complex trauma, which may lead to multifaceted impairments that manifest in comorbid emotional and behavioural problems. As little is known about the interactions between comorbid disorders over time, the present study aims to explore the co-development of traumatic stress (TS) symptoms and externalising behaviour problems (EBP), as well as the influence of complex trauma operationalised as cumulative child maltreatment (CM). SETTING As part of a 3-year longitudinal study, children from six foster care facilities in Lower Austria were interviewed at three measurement points. PARTICIPANTS Of, in total, 263 participating children, the data of 124 children aged 10-18 years (M=13.5, 28% female) could be analysed. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Latent growth curve models were used to examine the co-development of TS symptoms (International Trauma Questionnaire) and EBP (Child Behaviour Checklist) over time; gender, age and cumulative CM (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) acted as time-invariant covariates. RESULTS While average TS symptoms decreased over time, EBP remained stable. Findings revealed that the initial severity of EBP was both related to the initial severity of TS symptoms and predictive of their rate of change. Cumulative CM was a significant predictor of initial TS symptoms and EBP even after controlling for age and gender, but not for the rates of change. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that EBP and TS symptoms are not only cross-sectionally associated but interact with each other over time. Furthermore, an underlying complex trauma could at least partly determine the severity of the two symptom groups. In accordance with a trauma-informed care approach, our study highlights the importance of trauma-specific screening of high-risk children with complex or diffuse symptoms and argues for the benefits of treatments that focus on improving emotion regulation and social skills in addition to addressing trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Streicher
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Sölva
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Zhou J, Feng L, Hu C, Pao C, Zou Z, Wang G. Gender-specific associations between types of childhood maltreatment and major depressive disorder: A matched case-control study. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2023; 15:e12538. [PMID: 37280130 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been found to be nearly twice as prevalent in females as in males. One hypothesis proposed that abused females were particularly prone to MDD. We aim to examine the sex-specific associations between various types of childhood trauma and MDD. METHODS In this study, 290 outpatients diagnosed with MDD were recruited from Beijing Anding Hospital, and 290 healthy volunteers were recruited from neighborhoods nearby the hospital, with sex, age, and family history matched. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) developed by Bernstein et al. was used to assess the severity of five different types of childhood abuse and neglect. McNemar's test and conditional logistic regression models with potential confounders (i.e., marital status, educational level, and body mass index) controlled were used to explore the sex-specific associations between different types of childhood maltreatment and MDD. RESULTS In the full sample, patients with MDD showed a significant higher rate of any childhood maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect). Among females, all types of childhood abuse were statistically significant. For males, significant differences were only found in emotional abuse and in emotional neglect. CONCLUSION It would appear that MDD in the outpatients is associated with any type of childhood trauma in women and emotional abuse or neglect in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Feng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Hu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Christine Pao
- Mental Health and Behavioral Science Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University School of Public Health; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Rivera KM, Doom JR. The role of neighborhood collective efficacy in moderating associations between adversity and internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:1736-1755. [PMID: 36301307 PMCID: PMC10081939 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood collective efficacy is associated with lower internalizing and externalizing problems. There is evidence that neighborhood factors may moderate associations between child adversity and behavior problems (e.g., Riina et al., 2014). There is a limited understanding of whether neighborhood collective efficacy moderates the associations between adversity (threat/deprivation) and internalizing and externalizing problems. Our study tested these associations in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2666). Parental disengagement (deprivation) and parental harshness (threat) severity scores from ages 1-9 years were calculated by using caregiver report. Neighborhood collective efficacy, including its components informal social control and social cohesion, was reported at age 9. Internalizing and externalizing problems were reported at age 15. The lowest level of internalizing problems was reported for adolescents living in neighborhoods with high neighborhood collective efficacy who also experienced low parental disengagement. Among adolescents who lived in neighborhoods with high neighborhood collective efficacy or high informal social control at age 9, higher parental disengagement was associated with higher externalizing problems at 15. Further research is needed to understand complex associations between adversity, neighborhood collective efficacy, and adolescent behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia M Rivera
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jenalee R Doom
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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18
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Abdul Rahim R, Pilkington R, Procter AM, Montgomerie A, Mittinty MN, D'Onise K, Lynch J. Child protection contact among children of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds: A South Australian linked data study. J Paediatr Child Health 2023; 59:644-652. [PMID: 36744551 PMCID: PMC10946611 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe the cumulative incidence of child protection (CP) system contact, maltreatment type, source of reports to age 7 years, and socio-demographic characteristics for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australian children. METHODS We used CP, education, health, and birth registrations data for children followed from birth up to age 7 from the South Australian Better Evidence, Better Outcomes, Linked Data (SA BEBOLD) platform. PARTICIPANTS SA born children enrolled in their first year of school from 2009 to 2015 (n = 76 563). CALD defined as non-Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, spoken language other than English, Indigenous or Sign, or had at least one parent born in a non-English speaking country. OUTCOMES MEASURES For CALD and non-CALD children, we estimated the cumulative incidence (risk) of CP contacts up to age 7, relative risk and risk differences for all levels of CP contact from notification to out-of-home care (OOHC), primary maltreatment type, reporter type, and socio-economic characteristics. Sensitivity analyses explored different population selection criteria and CALD definitions. RESULTS By age 7, 11.2% of CALD children had 'screened-in' notifications compared to 18.8% of non-CALD (risk difference [RD] 7.6 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 6.9-8.3)), and 0.6% of CALD children experienced OOHC compared to 2.2% of non-CALD (RD 1.6 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 1.3-1.8)). Emotional abuse was the most common substantiated maltreatment type for CALD and neglect for non-CALD. Among both groups, the most common reporter sources were police and education sector. Socio-economic characteristics were broadly similar. Sensitivity analyses results were consistent with primary analyses. CONCLUSION By age 7, CALD children had lower risk of contact with all levels of CP. Estimates based on primary and sensitivity analyses suggested CALD children were 5-9 percentage points less likely to have a report screened-in, and from 1.0 to 1.7 percentage points less likely to have experienced OOHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razlyn Abdul Rahim
- School of Public HealthThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rhiannon Pilkington
- School of Public HealthThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Robinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alexandra M Procter
- School of Public HealthThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Robinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alicia Montgomerie
- School of Public HealthThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Robinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Murthy N Mittinty
- School of Public HealthThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Katina D'Onise
- School of Public HealthThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Prevention and Population HealthWellbeing SAAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - John Lynch
- School of Public HealthThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Robinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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Kawaguchi H, Shinohara R, Akiyama Y, Kushima M, Matsuda Y, Yoneyama M, Yamamoto T, Yamagata Z. Developing an obstetric care screening tool to improve social support access for pregnant women: A prospective cohort study. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 3:921361. [PMID: 36817871 PMCID: PMC9929063 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.921361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to develop an efficient interview sheet during pregnancy and screening tool to identify pregnant women needing social support at obstetric institutions. Moreover, we investigate the perinatal factors associated with the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted at three medical institutions that commonly encounter cases with social issues. Pregnant women were assessed using an interview sheet at the first visit (n = 678), at approximately 28 weeks gestation (n = 495), 36 weeks gestation (n = 296), and the postpartum period (n = 822). We investigated the important items identified on the new screening questionnaire (NEW interview sheets) for women needing social support. The items on the interview sheet were scored by multiple linear regression analysis, and the cutoff values were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The association between perinatal factors and EPDS was assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results The study included 166 cases for which all NEW interview sheets for all periods were available. NEW interview sheets and stepwise screening tools during the first and second trimester were developed in which 2.5% of pregnant women were identified as requiring social support, respectively. The factors associated with EPDS ≧ 9 were "Women who felt confused/troubled or did not feel anything to be pregnant" (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62-26.15), "Maternal mental disorder" (aOR 4.38; CI 1.06-18.10), "Consultation request at first visit" (aOR 3.22; CI 1.09-9.45), and "Women who have difficulty or anxiety about pregnancy during the second trimester" (aOR 3.14; CI 1.29-7.67). Conclusions We created the NEW interview sheets and screening tools during the first and the second trimester. Future studies are needed to validate these screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Kawaguchi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan,Correspondence: Haruna Kawaguchi
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuka Akiyama
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Kushima
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Matsuda
- Department of Obstetrics, Toho Medical Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Yoneyama
- Postgraduate School of Healthcare, Division of Midwifery/ Innovative Nursing Practice, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamamoto
- Department of Nursing, International Catholic Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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20
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Abstract
Child abuse is associated with elevated risk for psychopathology. The current study examined the role of automatic emotion regulation as a potential mechanism linking child abuse with internalizing psychopathology. A sample of 237 youth aged 8-16 years and their caregivers participated. Child abuse severity was assessed by self-report questionnaires, and automatic emotion regulation was assessed using an emotional Stroop task designed to measure adaptation to emotional conflict. A similar task without emotional stimuli was also administered to evaluate whether abuse was uniquely associated with emotion regulation, but not cognitive control applied in a nonemotional context. Internalizing psychopathology was assessed concurrently and at a 2-year longitudinal follow-up. Child abuse severity was associated with lower emotional conflict adaptation but was unrelated to cognitive control. Specifically, the severity of emotional and physical abuse, but not sexual abuse, were associated with lower emotional conflict adaptation. Emotional conflict adaptation was not associated with internalizing psychopathology prospectively. These findings suggest that childhood emotional and physical abuse, in particular, may influence automatic forms of emotion regulation. Future work exploring the socioemotional consequences of altered automatic emotion regulation among youth exposed to child abuse is clearly needed.
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21
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Wang Y, Ahn H, Rose RA, Williams K. Effects of school connectedness on the relationship between child maltreatment and child aggressive behavior: A mediation analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 136:106021. [PMID: 36638638 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children growing up in a vulnerable and unstable family environment including child maltreatment, poor family functioning, and low social-economic status, are at higher risk of developing undesirable behavioral outcomes compared to peers in the general population. School life plays a critical role during the development of adolescents. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine the role of school connectedness in the relationship between child maltreatment and aggressive behavior. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study employed the Fragile Family and Child Well-being Study - Year 15. The final analytic sample size is 2285 families. METHODS Mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of CPS on child aggressive behavior mediated by school connectedness using OLS regression with robust standard errors. The bootstrap was used to estimate the standard error of the indirect effect. RESULTS The total effect of CPS contact on child aggressive behaviors was 0.14 (p < .001). The direct effect of CPS contact on child aggressive behavior was 0.13 (p < .001). The indirect effect, that school connectedness significantly mediated the relationship between CPS and child aggressive behavior, was tested and found statistically significant (Coef. = 0.01, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Findings of the mediation model suggest that interventions targeted at improving school connectedness among adolescents involved in the child welfare system may promote positive outcomes by reducing aggressive behaviors among youth growing in fragile families. On-going trainings are needed for schoolteachers and social workers to better engage adolescents with child maltreatment at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Haksoon Ahn
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Roderick A Rose
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Malhi GS, Das P, Outhred T, Bell E, Gessler D, Bryant R, Mannie Z. Significant age by childhood trauma interactions on grey matter volumes: A whole brain VBM analysis. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:209-220. [PMID: 36628450 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is deleterious to long term brain development. The changes are variable, and depend on gender, age and the nature of the trauma. In this exploratory analysis, we investigated the effects of exposure to emotional trauma on grey matter (GM) volumes in adolescent females. METHODS We explored GM volumes in non-clinical females aged 12-17 years who had been exposed to either higher (HET; N = 75) or minimal (MET; N = 127) emotional trauma. High-resolution T1-weighted structural images were analysed with an optimised FSL-VBM protocol. The General Linear Model was run on HET versus MET with continuous age as an interaction. Mean GM volumes were extracted from significant corrected age interaction statistical maps and scrutinised with SPSS®. RESULTS We observed greater HET*age than MET*age interactions (corrected p-value = 0.0002), in 4 separate bilateral cortical regions associated with mood disorders. Scrutiny of these regions showed significant GM volume enlargements in the early adolescent HET group (p = 0.017) and reductions in the late adolescent HET group (p < 0.0001). Notably, there were no differences in middle adolescence (p > 0.05). LIMITATIONS Causality cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study and the onset of trauma cannot be determined using retrospective measures. CONCLUSIONS Whilst GM volumes diminish from early adolescence onwards, our results show that HET impacts this brain development, perhaps first via unstable adaptative mechanisms, followed by maladaptive processes in late adolescence. This suggests that compromises of emotional and cognitive self-regulation in mood disorders may underpin the structural abnormalities observed across multiple brain regions in these teenage girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gin S Malhi
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,CADE Clinic and Mood-T, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Visiting Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pritha Das
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,CADE Clinic and Mood-T, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Outhred
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,CADE Clinic and Mood-T, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erica Bell
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,CADE Clinic and Mood-T, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danielle Gessler
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,CADE Clinic and Mood-T, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zola Mannie
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,CADE Clinic and Mood-T, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,NSW Health and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Wiemann AK, Werner A, Konrad K, Niestroj SC, Steden S, Lohaus A. Lifetime poly-victimization and later bullying victimization: Associations with internalizing problems and out-of-home care. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 135:105970. [PMID: 36434979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many youth in out-of-home care (OOHC) have experienced victimization in their lifetime making them vulnerable to mental health problems and further victimization. However, little is known about mechanisms behind this continuing victimization, e.g. in the form of bullying victimization, and about possible mediating and moderating factors. OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between lifetime poly-victimization and later bullying victimization, as well as mediation by internalizing problems, and moderation by OOHC. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING In total n = 226 youth (n = 117 OOHC, n = 109 biological families) participated, with one of their social/biological caregivers when possible, resulting in subsamples of n = 159 participants (11-21 years) for self-report, and n = 210 participants (8-21 years) for caregiver report. METHODS An online survey assessed self-report of bullying victimization in the past six months, as well as self-report and caregiver report of lifetime poly-victimization and internalizing problems. RESULTS Based on both self-report and caregiver report, youth in OOHC showed higher levels of poly-victimization and internalizing problems than youth in biological families. In self-report, a conditional direct effect of lifetime poly-victimization on bullying victimization was found for youth in OOHC, c' = 0.18, SE = 0.07, p = .007, while the association was mediated by internalizing problems for youth in biological families, ab = 0.13, 95 % CI [0.020; 10.805]. In the caregiver report, there was neither a direct nor a mediated effect of lifetime poly-victimization on bullying victimization. CONCLUSIONS The results stress the importance of considering the high impact of poly-victimization in predicting bullying victimization, particularly for youth in OOHC. For youth in biological families, a mediating effect of internalizing problems was found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anika Werner
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA-Brain Institute II, MolecularNeuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen & Research Centre Juelich, Germany
| | - Sophie Charlotte Niestroj
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Steden
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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24
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Kim EM, Lee S, Ahn HY, Choi HS. Structural Equation Model on the Problem Behavior of Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:756. [PMID: 36613076 PMCID: PMC9819440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explain direct and indirect relationship between psychological maltreatment, socio-psychological prevention factors, and problem behavior of adolescents based upon Jessor's protective-risk model and Haase's adolescent resilience model (ARM). A convenience sample of 138 Korean adolescents was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. Using the collected data, the developed model was verified by structural equation modeling analysis using SPSS and AMOS program. Regarding model fit, χ2 = 151.62 (p < 0.001), GFI = 0.908, AGFI = 0.836, CFI = 0.911, SRMR = 0.060, and RMSEA = 0.10, showing acceptable fit levels. Psychological maltreatment explained 11.5% of perceived social support; psychological maltreatment, perceived social support, and self-control explained 89.9% of resilience; psychological maltreatment and perceived social support explained 53.2% of self-control; and psychological maltreatment, perceived social support, resilience, and self-control explained 39.7% of problem behavior. Psychological maltreatment directly and indirectly influenced perceived social support, self-control, and problem behavior. Psychological maltreatment and self-control were the factors that influence problem behavior of adolescents. The findings suggest that psychological maltreatment must be eradicated to reduce problem behavior of adolescents and enhance their socio-psychological protection factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Kim
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sona Lee
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Ahn
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seon Choi
- College of Nursing, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
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25
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Yu Q, Hodgdon EA, Kryza-Lacombe M, Osuna L, Bozzetto LE, Ciro D, Wakschlag LS, Wiggins JL. Roads Diverged: Developmental Trajectories of Irritability From Toddlerhood Through Adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 62:457-471. [PMID: 36334890 PMCID: PMC10112490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irritability is a dimensional trait that manifests from early life and is a robust transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology and impairment. A large, national dataset was leveraged to identify and broadly characterize trajectories from toddlerhood through adolescence, which is crucial for timely, targeted interventions. METHOD Data on irritability and a broad array of potential factors affecting irritability development from 4,462 children assessed longitudinally at ages 3, 5, 9, and 15 were included. Latent class growth models identified groups of children based on their nonlinear irritability trajectories from toddlerhood to adolescence. LASSO regression then identified key characteristics differentiating trajectory groups. RESULTS Five distinct irritability trajectories were identified, two of which were stable, maintaining medium or high irritability from age 3 to 15. Three trajectories showed undulating change over development, with an inflection point at the transition to adolescence (age 9): Most children had consistently low irritability. Two smaller groups started with high irritability at age 3 but diverged, sharply decreasing or increasing until a turning point at age 9. Developmental patterning of harsh/neglectful parenting and child internalizing symptoms most strongly differentiated trajectory groups. Sociodemographic characteristics, attachment style, neighborhood support, cognitive functioning, and genetic variation also differentiated trajectories. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated the importance of the transition to adolescence as a critical inflection point for youths with fluctuating irritability trajectories. Identifying these patterns and multiple malleable factors associated with stably high or rising trajectories is an important step toward targeted interventions for the most vulnerable subgroups. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as living with a disability. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongru Yu
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology.
| | | | - Maria Kryza-Lacombe
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
| | | | | | - Dianne Ciro
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University
| | - Jillian Lee Wiggins
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology; San Diego State University
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26
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Fu R, Huebner ES, Tian L. Profiles of family maltreatment and peer victimization: Associations with psychosocial adjustment in Chinese children. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 133:105851. [PMID: 36041350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the family and peer systems are both important for children's development, few studies have simultaneously considered the impact of adversity experienced in these systems on children. OBJECTIVE The first purpose of this study was using latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify profiles of family maltreatment (i.e., physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect) and peer victimization (i.e., physical victimization and relational victimization) among Chinese elementary school children. The second purpose was to examine associations between the identified profiles and short-term psychosocial adjustment (i.e., self-esteem, depression symptoms, prosocial behavior, and externalizing behavior). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 4313 children (45.6 % girls) with an average age of 10.9 years (SD = 0.49) from a large city in China. METHOD Assessments were conducted on two occasions six months apart. Family maltreatment and peer victimization were assessed at Time 1. Psychosocial adjustment was assessed at Time 2. RESULTS The potential complexity of children's adversity experiences was revealed in that six profiles of family maltreatment and peer victimization in children were identified: (a) Low-risk; (b) Slight peer victimization; (c) Severe peer victimization; (d) Serious neglect; (e) Severe maltreatment; (f) Doubly disadvantaged. Children in the low-risk profile showed the best psychosocial adjustment whereas children in the doubly disadvantaged profile showed the worst psychosocial adjustment. The findings revealed additional differences in the subsequent psychosocial adjustment of the children in the six profiles. CONCLUSIONS The identification of multiple profiles and differing relations to psychosocial adjustment implies that interventions should be tailored to members of specific profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Lili Tian
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Picci G, Linden-Carmichael AN, Rose EJ. Resilience profiles predict polysubstance use in adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2022; 31:137-147. [PMID: 36935733 PMCID: PMC10021075 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2132237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) can be an impediment to normative development and consistently predicts increased risk for substance misuse and polysubstance use (polySU). Yet, a subset of individuals who experience CM exhibit successful adaptations across the lifespan. Although there is an expansive literature on socioemotional and cognitive protective factors that mitigate impacts of CM, less is known about other, intra-individual resilience-promoting factors (e.g., positive future orientation) known to assuage high-risk SU patterns during adolescence. Method This study examined heterogeneity in individual-level resilience characteristics in maltreated youth as it related to CM characteristics and SU patterns during adolescence. Participants included maltreated youth from the longitudinal LONGSCAN sample (N=355; 181 females). Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify subgroups of CM-exposed individuals based on 5 resilience indicator variables (i.e., commitment to goals, engaging in demanding activities, self-reliance, positive future orientation, and externalizing behaviors). Tests for differences in SU patterns and CM characteristics between the resultant profiles were performed. Results Data models revealed 3 latent profiles based on participants' resilience traits (i.e., Low Resilience, Average Resilience, and High Resilience). There were no profile differences on the basis of CM characteristics. Those in the High Resilience profile were less likely to engage in polySU compared to the Average Resilience profile. Implications These findings highlight the promise of individual-level resilience factors that are not necessarily dependent upon caregiver or environmental inputs as protective against polySU following CM. This work represents a promising avenue for future preventative intervention efforts targeting emergent SU behaviors in high-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Ashley N. Linden-Carmichael
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emma J. Rose
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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28
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Jiang Z, Xu H, Wang S, Gao X, Li S, Zhang S, Tao F, Wan Y. Parent-Child Relationship Quality, Childhood Maltreatment, and Psychological Symptoms in Chinese Adolescent. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP18130-NP18151. [PMID: 34330168 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211035869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between childhood maltreatment, parent-child relationship quality with psychological symptoms and to explore the moderating role of parent-child relationship quality in the association between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms among adolescents. It also probed to the role of gender differences in this effect. A representative sample of 14,500 middle school students in China were asked to complete a standard questionnaire on the details of childhood maltreatment, parent-child relationship quality, and psychological symptoms. All data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. The PROCESS program was used to analyze whether parent-child relationship quality moderated the link between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms. The analyses revealed significant correlations between childhood maltreatment, parent-child relationship quality, and psychological symptoms (p < .001). Specifically, paternal relationship quality moderated the association between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms in the total sample (B = -0.01, p < .05) and the subgroup of girls (B = -0.01, p < .05), while maternal relationship quality moderated only the association between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms in the subgroup of boys (B = -0.01, p < .05). As the findings indicate, priority should be given to the quality of parent-child relationship and gender-specific methods employed to effectively reduce the psychological symptoms of adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Xin Gao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | | | - Yuhui Wan
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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29
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Graf GH, Li X, Kwon D, Belsky DW, Widom CS. Biological aging in maltreated children followed up into middle adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105848. [PMID: 35779342 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity has been linked to many indicators of shorter healthy lifespan, including earlier onset of disease and disability as well as early mortality. These observations suggest the hypothesis that childhood maltreatment may accelerate aging. OBJECTIVE To characterize the relationship between childhood maltreatment and accelerated biological aging in a prospective cohort of 357 individuals with documented cases of childhood maltreatment and 250 controls matched on demographic and socioeconomic factors. METHODS Cases were drawn from juvenile and adult court records from the years 1967 through 1971 in a large Midwest metropolitan geographic area. Cases were defined as having court-substantiated cases of childhood physical or sexual abuse, or neglect occurring at age 11 or younger. Controls were selected from the same schools and hospitals of birth and matched on age, sex, race, and approximate socioeconomic status. We compared biological aging in these two groups using two blood-chemistry algorithms, the Klemera-Doubal method Biological Age (KDM BA) and the PhenoAge. Algorithms were developed and validated in data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) using published methods and publicly available software. RESULTS Participants (55% women, 49% non-White) had mean age of 41 years (SD=4). Those with court substantiated childhood maltreatment history exhibited more advanced biological aging as compared with matched controls, although this difference was statistically different for only the KDM BA measure (KDM BA Cohen's D=0.20, 95% CI=[0.03,0.36], p = 0.02; PhenoAge Cohen's D=0.09 95% CI=[-0.08,0.25], p = 0.296). In subgroup analyses, maltreatment effect sizes were larger for women as compared to men and for White participants as compared to non-White participants, although these differences were not statistically significant at the α= 0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE As of midlife, effects of childhood maltreatment on biological aging are small in magnitude but discernible. Interventions to treat psychological and behavioral sequelae of exposure to childhood maltreatment, including in midlife adults, have potential to protect survivors from excess burden of disease, disability, and mortality in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Graf
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - X Li
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York, USA; Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - D Kwon
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - D W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - C S Widom
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York, USA; Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA.
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30
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Costa M, Matos PM, Santos B, Carvalho H, Ferreira T, Mota CP. We stick together! COVID-19 and psychological adjustment in youth residential care. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 130:105370. [PMID: 34756741 PMCID: PMC8535882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and youth residential care institutions were forced to introduce adaptations to their regular functioning in order to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic challenges. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the lockdown on the adolescents' psychological adjustment and whether adolescents' perceived cohesion mitigated the increase of adolescents' psychological adjustment problems. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 243 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, living in 21 different residential care institutions. RESULTS The results suggested a moderating role of cohesion on the stability of adolescents' emotional distress across time. Lower levels of cohesion were related with higher emotional distress stability across time. On the contrary, as cohesion increased, the association between adolescents' emotional distress at T0 and T1 decreased. DISCUSSION Results are discussed considering the mechanisms raised by the institutions to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and minimize the negative effects on the psychological adjustment of adolescents living in residential care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Costa
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Mena Matos
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Carvalho
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinheiro Mota
- Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal.
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31
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Bullinger LR, Raissian KM, Schneider W. The power of the future: Intergenerational income mobility and child maltreatment in the United States. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 130:105175. [PMID: 34266688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has shown that the likelihood of children experiencing intergenerational, upward income mobility depends on the community in which they are raised. Whether parents consider their children's economic chances in their parenting decisions, however, is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between county-level income mobility-distinct from income inequality and poverty-and child maltreatment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Administrative data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System: Child File for 2406 counties were merged with measures of intergenerational income mobility from Chetty et al. (2014a), including the probability that a child born in the bottom quintile of the national income distribution reaches the top quintile by age thirty. METHODS Weighted least squares analyses were used to empirically estimate the relationship between intergenerational income mobility and child maltreatment report rates. Maltreatment reports were also divided into subgroups by age and metropolitan status. RESULTS Counties where children have a greater chance of moving up the income ladder have lower child maltreatment report rates, independent from income inequality and poverty rates. This relationship is consistent across all child ages (0-17). The relationship between upward income mobility and substantiated child maltreatment is also negatively correlated among non-metropolitan counties. CONCLUSIONS Children experience a lower risk for maltreatment if they are more likely to move up the income ladder in adulthood. Macroeconomic factors and policies that reduce income inequality and enhance economic mobility are likely to prevent child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Rose Bullinger
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 685 Cherry St., Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America.
| | - Kerri M Raissian
- Department of Public Policy, University of Connecticut, Hartford Times Building, 10 Prospect St., 4th Floor, Hartford, CT 06103, United States of America
| | - William Schneider
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1010 W. Nevada St., Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
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32
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Watts JR, Chumbler NR, Sharma R, Baniya G. Examining the Mental Health Needs of Post-secondary Students with Child-maltreatment Histories Seeking Campus Counseling Services. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2022.2098001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Watts
- College of Health and Public Service, Department of Rehabilitation Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Neale R. Chumbler
- College of Health Professions, Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachita Sharma
- College of Health and Public Service, Department of Rehabilitation Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Ganesh Baniya
- College for Health, Community and Policy, Department of Public Health, University of Texas San Antonio, USA
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Yang MJ, Sawhney V, McHugh RK, Leyro TM. Examination of the indirect effect of childhood emotional trauma on internalizing symptoms through distress intolerance. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1347-1353. [PMID: 32877634 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1810053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extant studies document a prospective link between early childhood trauma and internalizing symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. Less is known regarding specific cognitive-affective mechanisms. The current study sought to examine distress intolerance (DI) as a mechanism that may explain the relation between early childhood emotional abuse and internalizing symptoms. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Participants (N = 230; 54.3% women; mean age = 19.72, SD = 2.28) completed multiple self-report indices of early childhood emotional abuse, DI, and internalizing symptom indices. Using structural equation modeling, a series of mediation models was run to examine the indirect effect of childhood emotional abuse on latent and specific internalizing symptom indices through a latent index of subjective DI. RESULTS Childhood emotional abuse was significantly associated with internalizing symptoms through DI (effect size range = .083-.227, medium to large). CONCLUSIONS The results provide preliminary evidence for DI as a mechanism of interest in the relation between early childhood emotional abuse and internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vyom Sawhney
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - R Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Teresa M Leyro
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Gu Y, Chao X. How childhood maltreatment links to labor values? The mediating role of moral competence and prosocial normative tendency. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:159. [PMID: 35733225 PMCID: PMC9215072 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Labor values are important components of the individual value system and considered to be among the most important values of an individual, especially in China. In studies of values, childhood maltreatment is considered to have an important influence on the formation of individual values. However, there is no previous research about the relationship between childhood maltreatment and labor values. The mechanism of childhood maltreatment on labor values is not clear and requires further study. Methods This study intended to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and labor values, and further verify whether moral competence or prosocial normative tendency mediated this correlation. Therefore, 2691 participants were recruited from primary and secondary schools, who completed Labor Values Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Moral Competence subscale and Prosocial Norms subscale. Results Results revealed the negative correlation between childhood maltreatment and labor values. Importantly, childhood maltreatment also indirectly impacted labor values through moral competence and prosocial normative tendency. It indicated that both moral competence and prosocial normative tendency played a significant mediating role in this relationship. Our findings are valuable for understanding the underlying mechanism between early trauma and values. Conclusions Childhood maltreatment has important implications for labor values. Moral competence and prosocial normative tendency mediate between childhood maltreatment and labor values. The results remind us to pay attention to the important influence of childhood maltreatment in the cultivation of labor values, and focus on the role of moral competence and prosocial normative tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Gu
- School of Public Administration, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Rd., Yuelu District, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Chao
- School of Elementary Education, Changsha Normal University, No. 9 Xingshateli Rd., Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Göransson L, Ekermann S, Dovik C, Klingberg G, Ridell K, Laurell L. Children's advocacy centre fails to respond to dental, mental and physical ill-health in abused children. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1186-1193. [PMID: 35279867 PMCID: PMC9314582 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim Sweden´s first multidisciplinary children's advocacy centre (CAC) was founded in 2005 as a collaborative practice between child protection services, the legal system and health care in response to police‐reported child abuse. CACs were introduced in the county of Skåne in 2007. The aim of the study was to describe the health of children investigated at the CAC in Lund, and to examine whether the CAC model of collaboration responded to the healthcare needs of these children. Methods All children aged 0–17 years investigated at the CAC in 2015 were included in this retrospective study. We reviewed the CAC files and the children's medical and dental records from one year prior to, until one year after their assessment at the CAC. Results Our review of the medical and dental records (n = 298) showed a high prevalence of mental, dental and physical ill‐health. After the CAC joint meeting, only 1% of the children were referred for a medical examination and 4% for a focused forensic evaluation. Conclusion Our study demonstrates limitations in the CAC process in responding to extensive health issues of the young victims of crime. We suggest mental, dental and physical health assessments to be statutory in CACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Göransson
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Eksjö Hospital Eksjö Sweden
| | | | - Christoffer Dovik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Emergency Care Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | | | - Karin Ridell
- Faculty of Odontology Malmö University Malmö Sweden
| | - Louise Laurell
- Department of Paediatrics Skåne University Hospital Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Sweden
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Sevenoaks T, Fouche JP, Phillips N, Heany S, Myer L, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Hoare J. Childhood Trauma and Mental Health in the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:353-363. [PMID: 35600517 PMCID: PMC9120333 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association of childhood trauma, stressful life events and HIV stigma with mental health in South African adolescents from the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort (CTAAC). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Life Events Questionnaire and the HIV Stigma Scale for South African Adolescents Living with HIV was used to assess childhood trauma, stressful life events and stigma in adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV and healthy controls enrolled in the CTAAC. These measures were associated with mental health outcomes including the Beck-Youth Inventories, Child Behaviour Checklist, Columbian Impairment Scale, Childrens Motivation Scale, Conners Scale for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder using Pearson correlations and self-reported alcohol use, using Spearman-rank correlation. 63.7% of adolescents reported at least one childhood trauma on the CTQ. Significant associations were reported between CTQ measures and Beck-Youth Inventories. Emotional abuse was associated with anxiety, anger, depression and disruptive behaviour. Emotional neglect was associated with poor self-concept and disruptive behaviour. LEQ total score was significantly associated with Beck-Youth Inventories including anxiety, depression, anger and disruptive behaviour scales. HIV stigma was significantly associated with Beck-Youth Inventories including depression, anger and disruptive behaviour. Childhood trauma, stressful life events and HIV stigma in South African adolescents are associated with anxiety, depression, anger, disruptive-behaviour and poor self-concept. This study highlights the importance of enquiring about exposure to a variety of traumas, particularly those commonly experienced by South African adolescents. In addition, it is important to understand the impact of trauma exposure on each individuals mental health and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatum Sevenoaks
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Outpatient Building, H-Floor Research Offices, Circle Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Outpatient Building, H-Floor Research Offices, Circle Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Outpatient Building, H-Floor Research Offices, Circle Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah Heany
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Outpatient Building, H-Floor Research Offices, Circle Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SA MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Outpatient Building, H-Floor Research Offices, Circle Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Hoare
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Outpatient Building, H-Floor Research Offices, Circle Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Health implications of maltreated children exposed to domestic violence. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Negriff S, DiGangi MJ, Sharp AL, Wu J. Injuries Associated With Subsequent Child Maltreatment Diagnosis: By Age, Race, Gender, and Medicaid Status. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2022; 27:225-234. [PMID: 34315243 DOI: 10.1177/10775595211031385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined injuries that may precede a child maltreatment (CM) diagnosis, by age, race/ethnicity, gender, and Medicaid status using a retrospective case-control design among child members of a large integrated healthcare system (N = 9152 participants, n = 4576 case). Injury categories based on diagnosis codes from medical visits were bruising, fractures, lacerations, head injury, burns, falls, and unspecified injury. Results showed that all injury categories were significant predictors of a subsequent CM diagnosis, but only for children < 3 years old. Specifically, fracture and head injury were the highest risk for a subsequent CM diagnosis. All injury types were significant predictors of maltreatment diagnosis for Hispanic children < 3 years, which was not the case for the other race/ethnicities. Overall, these findings suggest that all types of injury within these specific categories should have a more thorough assessment for possible abuse for children under 3 years. This work can inform the development of clinical decision support tools to aid healthcare providers in detecting abusive injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Negriff
- Department of Research & Evaluation, 166700Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mercie J DiGangi
- Department of Pediatrics, 166700Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Bellflower, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Sharp
- Department of Research & Evaluation, 166700Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Research & Evaluation, 166700Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Chandler CE, Austin AE, Shanahan ME. Association of Housing Stress With Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:639-659. [PMID: 32677550 PMCID: PMC7855012 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020939136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment is a significant public health issue in the United States. Understanding key risk factors for child maltreatment is critical to informing effective prevention. Poverty is an established risk factor for child maltreatment. However, recent research indicates that material hardship (i.e., difficulties meeting basic needs) may serve as a more direct measure of the way in which poverty affects daily life. One form of material hardship that is common among families is housing stress. Previous reviews have summarized the existing literature regarding the association of economic insecurity with child maltreatment, but no reviews have synthesized and critically evaluated the literature specific to the association of various types of housing stress with child maltreatment. We conducted a systematic search of multiple electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed studies conducted in the U.S. regarding the association of housing stress with child maltreatment. We identified 21 articles that used nine distinct measures of housing stress including homelessness or eviction, homeless or emergency shelter stays, foreclosure filing, housing instability, inadequate housing, physical housing risk, living doubled-up, housing unaffordability, and composite housing stress indicators. Overall, results from this body of literature indicate that housing stress is associated with an increased likelihood of caregiver or child self-reported maltreatment, child protective services (CPS) reports, investigated and substantiated CPS reports, out-of-home placements, and maltreatment death. Additional theory-driven research is needed to further our understanding of the contribution of specific types of housing stress to risk for specific types of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Chandler
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna E Austin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Şahin-Bayındır G, Uysal-Yalçın S, Çömez-İkican T, Gölge ZB. The relationship between childhood trauma and the course of disease in female patients with bipolar disorder. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:608-614. [PMID: 33931879 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the history of childhood trauma and the relationship between childhood trauma and the course of the disease in female patients with bipolar disorder. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was conducted on 80 female patients in an acute women's psychiatric clinic in a psychiatric hospital in Turkey between April and July 2016. FINDINGS Emotional abuse had a statistically negative effect on the onset of bipolar disorder (F = 7.830; p < 0.01). In addition, physical neglect had a statistically positive effect on the duration of treatment (F = 6.811; p < 0.05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Psychiatric nurses must systematically assess childhood trauma and plan psychotherapeutic interventions accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Şahin-Bayındır
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suna Uysal-Yalçın
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tuba Çömez-İkican
- Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Department, Institute of Graduate Education, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Belma Gölge
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lahtinen HM, Laitila A, Korkman J, Ellonen N, Honkalampi K. Children's Disclosures of Physical Abuse in a Population-Based Sample. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:2011-2036. [PMID: 32627654 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520934443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the disclosure of child physical abuse although child sexual abuse disclosure has been widely studied and debated for years. The present study explores the characteristics of child physical abuse disclosures and compares them to previously published findings on child sexual abuse disclosure from the same data. The data consist of a representative sample of 11,364 sixth and ninth graders. Participants responded to a wide variety of questions concerning experiences of violence, including child physical abuse and child sexual abuse, in the Finnish Child Victim Survey conducted in 2013. Within this sample, the prevalence of child physical abuse was 4.1%. Children reporting abuse experiences also responded to questions regarding disclosure, reactions encountered during disclosure, and potential reasons for nondisclosure. Findings show that most of the children who disclosed physical violence had disclosed to their mother. The overall disclosure rate of child physical abuse was 74%. However, only 42% had disclosed to adults, and even fewer had reported their experiences to authorities (12%). The most common reason for nondisclosure was that the youth did not consider the experience sufficiently serious to report (53%). These findings were largely in line with the child sexual abuse disclosure rates in our previous study. Analyses of variables associated with disclosing to an adult indicate that the strongest factors predicting disclosure to an adult are younger age, female gender, no previous experiences of child physical abuse, and parents knowing who their child spends her or his spare time with. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.
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Fernandes H. Therapeutic Alliance in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Child and Adolescent Mental Health-Current Trends and Future Challenges. Front Psychol 2022; 12:610874. [PMID: 35046861 PMCID: PMC8763013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.610874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This extended literature review proposes to present the trends in the therapeutic alliance, outcomes, and measures in the last decade within the premises of individual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and its innovations, used as an interventional measure in the context of child and adolescent mental health setting. A brief background of the rationale for conducting this literature search is presented at the start. This is followed by the methodology and design which incorporates the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the basis for the same. The critical appraisal of the primary studies is presented in the literature review section with a brief description of the summary features of the studies in the study tables followed by the results and discussion of the study findings. To summarise, the literature review of primary studies conducted in the last decade demonstrates the need for further research to be conducted both in the field of CBT in children and therapeutic alliance, competence, and therapy outcomes, integrating perspectives in child development, carer alliance, and the social construct theory in children, to allow for further innovations in CBT in the context of increasing challenges in the current times of exponentially developing technology and its utility without compromising the quality of therapy. In conclusion, recommendations are made as a guideline for future studies and research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Fernandes
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
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Patterson PR, Walther CAP, Elkins SR. Associations Among Teacher Identification of Symptomology in the Classroom and Children’s Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptomology: Potential Influences of Caregiver History of Childhood Maltreatment. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-021-09662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhang L, Cui Z, Sasser J, Carvalho C, Oshri A. Family stress during the pandemic worsens the effect of adverse parenting on adolescent sleep quality. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105390. [PMID: 34794017 PMCID: PMC8714683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse parenting is consistently associated with increased sleep problems among adolescents. Shelter-in-Place restrictions and the uncertainty linked to the Covid-19 pandemic have introduced new stressors on parents and families, adding to the risk for youth's sleep problems. OBJECTIVE Using multidimensional assessments of child maltreatment (CM; threat vs. deprivation), the present study examined whether parent-report and child-report of Covid-19 related stress potentiated the effect of CM on sleep problems among boys and girls. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study focused on a sample of 124 dyads of adolescents (Mage = 12.89, SD = 0.79; 52% female) and their primary caregivers (93% mothers) assessed before and during the pandemic (May to October 2020). METHOD Data were obtained from both youth and their parents. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test all study hypotheses. Simple slopes and Johnson-Neyman plots were generated to probe significant interaction effects. RESULTS Deprivation, but not threat, directly predicted increased sleep problems among boys during the pandemic. Additionally, elevation in Covid-19 stress (both parent and child report) intensified the link between CM (threat and deprivation) and sleep problems among boys. CONCLUSION Our findings inform prevention and intervention efforts that aim to reduce sleep problems among boys during stressful contexts, such as the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA 30606, United States.
| | - Zehua Cui
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA 30606, United States.
| | - Jeri Sasser
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States.
| | - Cory Carvalho
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA 30606, United States.
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States; Integrated Life Sciences, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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Gandhi KD, Romanowicz M, Croarkin PE, Thapa P, Limbeck M, Desai J, Benarroch AJM, Shekunov J. Childhood psychiatric outcomes in the context of suspected neglect and abuse reports related and unrelated to parental substance use. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105344. [PMID: 34600277 PMCID: PMC8612970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is prevalent in the United States and carries long-term consequences. Parental substance use may have associations with child maltreatment. It is unclear whether co-occurring parental substance use aggravates childhood psychiatric outcomes related to suspected maltreatment. OBJECTIVE To compare psychiatric and healthcare utilization outcomes in children with suspected abuse reports, with and without documented parental substance use. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Retrospective cohort study (n = 2831) of children with suspected abuse/neglect (SANC) reports filed in the electronic health record between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2016. Children who had SANC reports referencing parental substance use (n = 458) were compared with those who had SANC reports that did not reference substance use (n = 2346). METHODS Outcome data included ICD-10 coded medical and psychiatric diagnoses and healthcare utilization. RESULTS Compared to children who had a SANC report filed without parental substance use, children with parental substance use in a SANC showed significantly lower age-adjusted odds of anxiety disorder, mood disorder and externalizing disorder, and higher odds of a substance use disorder diagnosis. They were also less likely to present to an emergency department visit for any reason in the year prior to the report. CONCLUSIONS Children with exposure to parental substance use in a household where parental abuse or neglect was suspected had lower odds of adverse psychiatric outcomes as compared to children with suspected report of abuse or neglect unrelated to parental substance use. The present findings highlight the complex interplay of psychosocial factors associated with outcomes of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti D Gandhi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Children's, National Takoma Theatre, 6833 4th Street NW, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Magdalena Romanowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Prabin Thapa
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mara Limbeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; University of Minnesota, 105 Peters Hall, 1404 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jinal Desai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, 1919 Elm St N, Fargo, ND 58102-2416, USA
| | - Amanda J M Benarroch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Julia Shekunov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Salminen-Tuomaala M, Tiainen J, Paavilainen E. Identification of Child and Youth Maltreatment as Experienced by Prehospital Emergency Care Providers. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2021; 42:1064-1072. [PMID: 33979250 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2021.1913682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This mixed method study explores 200 prehospital emergency care providers' experiences of identifying child and youth maltreatment. The data were collected in Finland in 2019-2020 using an online survey tool and analysed using SPSS statistics and inductive content analysis. Respondents had encountered signs of physical and psychosocial maltreatment, and family challenges, contexts, and economic and social problems indicative of maltreatment. It is important for the early intervention and prevention of long-term mental health problems that prehospital emergency care providers receive continuing education on the identification of child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Salminen-Tuomaala
- School of Health Care and Social Work, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Juha Tiainen
- Kuusiokunnat Federation of Municipalities in Social and Health Services, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Eija Paavilainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, South Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Tietze FA, Orzechowski M, Nowak M, Steger F. Access to Healthcare for Minors: An Ethical Analysis of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101361. [PMID: 34683040 PMCID: PMC8544556 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The right to non-discriminatory access to healthcare is anchored in the European Convention on Human Rights and other international treaties or guidelines. Since its ratification, the European Convention on Human Rights was made binding in all Member States of the Council of Europe and is interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Despite its legal recognition, discrimination in healthcare provision has repeatedly been an issue of medicoethical and political consideration. In this context, minors are particularly in danger of being deprived of this fundamental right. The aim of this study is to analyze the current state of the ECtHR jurisdiction on challenges in accessing healthcare for minor patients. We conducted a systematic search of judgments by the ECtHR using the keywords "healthcare" and "child". We performed descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis. Our search resulted in n = 66 judgments, which were all screened. Access to healthcare for minors played a role in n = 21 judgments, which involved applications against n = 13 countries. We formed five, partially overlapping categories, which represent recurring themes regarding the research topic. These themes are governance failure (n = 11), the status of refugee, asylum seeker or migrant (n = 5), parental home (n = 5), maternity and birth (n = 4) and others (n = 2). The normative framework of the ECtHR's jurisprudence illustrates intersections between social, legal and medicoethical aspects of minors' discrimination in the healthcare system. It emphasizes the particular vulnerability of children, who require exceptional protection. Inadequate access to healthcare manifests itself in specific situations, such as in the context of migration or staying in public institutions. Healthcare professionals need to be sensitized for such discrimination mechanisms, as they are often at the forefront of encountering structural discrimination in the healthcare system.
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Choi J, Kim K. Longitudinal Investigation of Korean Adolescents’ Ego-Identity Development. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-021-09647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stone KJ, Jackson Y. Linking Foster Family Characteristics and Mental Health Symptoms of Youth in Care. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2021; 30:2792-2807. [PMID: 34566392 PMCID: PMC8455304 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-02107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Youth in foster care are disproportionately at risk for developing internalizing and externalizing problems (Lawrence et al., 2006); however, a history of maltreatment prior to foster care placement does not automatically result in poor mental health outcomes. Among non-foster care youth, the quality of family interactions has been related to adjustment outcomes, such that low family cohesion and high family conflict is associated with poor mental health symptoms (Caples & Barrera, 2006). While little is known about these constructs in foster care placements, they may help explain the variance in internalizing and externalizing problems for youth in foster care. The present study aimed to examine whether characteristics of the foster care environment (i.e., conflict, cohesion) across various placement types (i.e., traditional foster homes, group-care settings) could help explain the link between previous maltreatment exposure and mental health problems. The sample included 178 youth in foster care (M age = 15.18, SD = 1.76) and their foster caregivers living in the Midwest. Youth participants completed self-report measures about prior maltreatment history, current family environment characteristics, and youth internalizing symptoms. Foster caregivers completed measures on current family environment and youth externalizing symptoms. Results indicated that caregiver report, but not youth report, of family cohesion was negatively associated with youth report of internalizing problems. When examining the indirect effects, youth report of family conflict partially accounted for the link between youth self-report of maltreatment and internalizing symptoms (B = 0.106, 95% CI = 0.026-0.186). Caregiver report of family conflict fully accounted for the association between youth self-report of maltreatment and caregiver report of youths' externalizing symptoms (B = 0.108, 95% CI = 0.005-0.211). Findings highlight the importance of utilizing multiple informants when measuring foster family environment and suggest that family conflict is particularly salient for the mental health of youth in foster care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. Stone
- Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | - Yo Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Associate Director of Child Maltreatment Solutions Network, The Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801 USA
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Arslan G, Yıldırım M. Psychological Maltreatment and Loneliness in Adolescents: Social Ostracism and Affective Experiences. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:3028-3048. [PMID: 34396809 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychological maltreatment is an important public health concern that has been linked with a variety of negative psychosocial consequences and adjustment problems in childhood to adulthood. The purpose of the current study sought to explore the direct and indirect associations between psychological maltreatment, social ostracism, affective experiences, and loneliness among high school Turkish adolescents. Participants were comprised of 791 adolescents attending three public high schools in Turkey. Students were mostly male with a mean age of 16.35 (SD = 1.09) years. Findings from the analyses indicated that social ostracism mediated the relationship between psychological maltreatment and both positive and negative affective experiences. Social ostracism and affective experiences mediated the effect of psychological maltreatment on adolescent feelings of loneliness. Results of the present study suggest that social ostracism and affective experiences are important mechanisms that may help to understand the impacts of psychological maltreatment on adolescent feelings of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.,Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Turkey
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