1
|
Casas-Muñoz A, Velasco-Rojano ÁE, Rodríguez-Caballero A, Prado-Solé E, Álvarez MG. ACE-IQ extended version validation and ACE's frequency in Mexican adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 150:106492. [PMID: 37805276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) may have short, middle, and long-term consequences on people's development and physical and mental health. There is a need for information on this subject in low- and middle-income countries and a need to reduce recall bias in ACEs research worldwide. OBJECTIVE Hence our objectives were to translate, adapt and validate the Adverse Childhood Experiences extended version and to determine ACEs frequencies in a sample of Mexican adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A convenience sample of 5835 schooled Mexican adolescents (age: M = 16.13, SD = 1.32; 61.01 % females) from 20 states in Mexico completed a survey. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted with an extended version of the ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), which assesses 23 ACEs organized into five categories: situations that cause household dysfunction, exposure to violence, violence from parents or guardians, interpersonal violence, and sociodemographic context. RESULTS Evidence of construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire was obtained, and 16 ACEs were included in the final ACE-IQ version. 90 % of adolescents had one or more ACEs. Neglect was the most experienced ACE reported by 73.30 % of the participants, with no significant difference by age, sex, or geographic region. CONCLUSION ACE-IQ questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to recommend its use for generating information on ACEs in studies on Mexican adolescents. The results on the frequency of ACEs revealed that 90 % of this schooled Mexican adolescent sample had experienced one or more ACEs, and about a third had experienced six or more.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Casas-Muñoz
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Violencia-Prevención (CEAVI-P), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ángel Eduardo Velasco-Rojano
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Violencia-Prevención (CEAVI-P), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Aarón Rodríguez-Caballero
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Violencia-Prevención (CEAVI-P), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eva Prado-Solé
- Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia, UNICEF, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Victor TS, Jacquet B, El Massioui F. Exploring stress response's role in executive function impairments among adults with early adverse childhood experiences. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4081. [PMID: 38374227 PMCID: PMC10876952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are recognised as precursors to numerous physical and mental health challenges. However, research on their impact on inhibitory control and working memory, particularly among healthy young adults, remains limited. The role played by the stress response as a moderator in these effects is likewise underexplored. Our study addresses this gap by examining cognitive impairments in non-clinical adults with early childhood trauma, specifically trauma before the age of 13 years, and by assessing the influence of the stress response on these effects. A total of 15 participants with early ACEs were compared with a control group (n = 18) using the Corsi Block Tapping Test (CBTT) and Stroop Word Colour Test (SCWT). Results showed that participants with early ACEs exhibited lower scores on the SCWT but not the CBTT. The stress response emerged as a potential factor in the relationship between early ACEs and cognitive performance. The implications of these findings are then discussed in relation to the existing literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taïna Steevine Victor
- Université Paris 8, UFR Psychologie, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.
- Laboratoire Cognition Humaine et Artificielle (CHArt, RNSR 200515259U), 93322, Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Baptiste Jacquet
- Université Paris 8, UFR Psychologie, 93200, Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire Cognition Humaine et Artificielle (CHArt, RNSR 200515259U), 93322, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Farid El Massioui
- Université Paris 8, UFR Psychologie, 93200, Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire Cognition Humaine et Artificielle (CHArt, RNSR 200515259U), 93322, Aubervilliers, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kwok SYCL, Jiang J, Fang S. Presence of meaning in life and meaning confusion mediate the effects of adverse childhood experiences on mental health among university students. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:179-197. [PMID: 37524657 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored meaning in life as a mediator between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health. This study examined the protective and risk factors associated with meaning in life, as they mediate the effect of ACEs on mental health. The sample was 293 university students in Hong Kong (mean age = 21 years). The results of analyses based on three-wave longitudinal data and structural equation modeling demonstrated that the presence of meaning mediated the negative association between ACEs and happiness, and that meaning confusion mediated the positive association between ACEs and depression and anxiety. This study provides evidence that the presence of meaning may play a protective role and that meaning confusion may be a risk factor for the effects of ACEs on mental health. This study's results have implications for the development of prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate the detrimental impact of ACEs and promote mental health in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Y C L Kwok
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siqi Fang
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shattnawi KK, Al Ali N, Ma'abreh YM. Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Relationship with Self-esteem Among School-Age Children in Jordan. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:60-70. [PMID: 35749050 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship with self-esteem among secondary school students in Jordan. A cross-sectional, retrospective design was utilized using a convenience sample of 559 secondary school children (grades 7-11). Results showed that among the participating students, emotional abuse was the most commonly reported type of abuse (59.6%), followed by household violence (52.2%), bullying (44.7%), physical abuse (31.7%), emotional neglect (26.3), physical neglect (12.7%), and parents' separation (5.2%). Male students reported significantly more physical abuse than female students (37.5% vs 26.2%, p < 0.001), and significantly more physical neglect than female students (18.2% vs 7.6%, p < 0.001). However, female students reported significantly more household violence than male student (60.0% vs 43.9%, p < 0.001). Self-esteem scores were lower for students who reported physical abuse (d = 0.38, p < 0.001), household violence (d = 0.25, p < 0.003), emotional neglect (d = 0.45, p < 0.001), physical neglect (d = 0.58, p < 0.001), and bullying (d = 0.29, p = 0.001). Self-esteem was best predicted by physical abuse (β = - 0.114, p = 0.009), emotional neglect (β = - 0.169, p < 0.001), and physical neglect (β = - 0.148, p < 0.001). Efforts should be exerted to prevent violence against children. National programs and community awareness campaigns should focus on the violence's detrimental effects on children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khulood Kayed Shattnawi
- Maternal & Child Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box (3030), Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nahla Al Ali
- Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ya'la Mahmoud Ma'abreh
- Maternal & Child Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box (3030), Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oláh B, Fekete Z, Kuritárné Szabó I, Kovács-Tóth B. Validity and reliability of the 10-Item Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-10) among adolescents in the child welfare system. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1258798. [PMID: 38045975 PMCID: PMC10691263 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1258798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple evidence suggests that the vast majority of children in the Child Welfare System (CWS) are victims of early, chronic, and multiple adverse childhood experiences. However, the 10-item version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-10) has never been tested in such a particularly vulnerable population as adolescents living in the CWS. We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the ACE-10 in a community sample of 240 Hungarian adolescents placed in family style group care (FGC) setting. Methods Demographic data, the 10-item version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-10), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the HBSC Bullying Measure were used. Results Our results showed acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.701) and item-total correlations (rpb = 0.25-0.65, p < 0.001). However, our results also reflect that item 6 ("Parental separation/divorce") is weakly correlated with both the cumulative ACE score and the rest of the questionnaire items. When item 6 is removed, the 9-item version of the ACE produces more favorable consistency results (α = 0.729). Strong and significant associations of the cumulative ACE score with emotional and behavioral symptoms and bully victimization confirm the concurrent criterion validity of both versions of the instrument. Discussion Our findings suggest that ACE-9 and ACE-10 are viable screening tools for adverse childhood experiences in the CWS contributing to the advancement of trauma-informed care. We recommend considering the use of either the 9-item or the 10- item version in the light of the characteristics of the surveyed population. The implications and limitations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barnabás Oláh
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Fekete
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Kuritárné Szabó
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Kovács-Tóth
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tumlin KI, Crowley A, Turner B, Riley E, Lyons J. Detection of traumatic stress in the presence of traumatic experiences: the role of resilience factors in foster care children five years or younger. Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:39. [PMID: 37964314 PMCID: PMC10648362 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children less than five years of age comprised approximately 30% in 2020 of foster care entries in the United States, and they are consistently the largest foster care entry group. Very young children can respond differently to the same adverse life events. Detection of complex interpersonal traumas is core to providing appropriate interventions and prevention of reoccurring negative outcomes in these children. METHODS Children who (1) were identified as having experienced complex interpersonal trauma, but (2) who did not have traumatic stress symptoms were identified using Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths data in a large midwestern state from 2010 to 2021. A logistic model was fit to determine the effect of cumulative traumatic exposures (e.g., adverse childhood experiences such that increased events were hypothesized to predict an increased likelihood of symptomatic detection. We conducted a latent class analysis to understand the relationship between traumatic experiences, asset-based factors, and the detection of traumatic stress in children aged five years and under who had exposure to traumatic events but did not have detectable traumatic stress symptoms. RESULTS We detected three classes within this population of very young children, who were described as "resilient" (demonstrating asset-based resilience when faced with traumatic experiences), "missed" (those who exhibit behavioral and mental health types like those with detected traumatic stress symptoms but who were not detected as such), and "unfolding". Very young children do demonstrate asset-based resilience when faced with traumatic experiences. CONCLUSIONS Detection of traumatic stress may be more difficult in young children. It is important to assess both traumatic stress and strengths to ensure that children who are resilient after exposure to traumatic experiences (i.e., do not demonstrate traumatic stress symptoms) are not referred to unnecessary interventions. Additional educational approaches are needed to help caseworkers identify symptoms of traumatic stress that mirror symptoms of other behavioral and emotional challenges. Precision medicine approaches are required to best match the interventions to specific needs of young children. Recognition of resilience in very young children is critical for designing systems that customize approaches of trauma-informed care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly I Tumlin
- Center for Innovation in Population Health, College of Public Health, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Amanda Crowley
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Riley
- Center for Innovation in Population Health, Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - John Lyons
- Center for Innovation in Population Health, Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Campbell AC, Pearce LA, Willoughby M, Borschmann R, Young J, Bruun A, Sundbery J, Kinner SA. Adverse childhood experiences, morbidity, mortality and resilience in socially excluded populations: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074314. [PMID: 37848305 PMCID: PMC10582898 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Socially excluded populations, defined by homelessness, substance use disorder, sex work or criminal justice system contact, experience profound health inequity compared with the general population. Cumulative exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including neglect, abuse and household dysfunction before age 18, has been found to be independently associated with both an increased risk of social exclusion and adverse health and mortality outcomes in adulthood.Despite this, the impact of ACEs on health and mortality within socially excluded populations is poorly understood. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts and Criminal Justice Database for peer-reviewed studies measuring ACEs and their impact on health and mortality in socially excluded populations.Three review questions will guide our data extraction and analysis. First, what is the prevalence of ACEs among people experiencing social exclusion in included studies? Second, what is the relationship between ACEs and health and mortality outcomes among people experiencing social exclusion? Does resilience modify the strength of association between ACEs and health outcomes among people experiencing social exclusion?We will meta-analyse the relationship between ACE exposure and health outcomes classified into six a prior categories: (1) substance use disorders; (2) sexual and reproductive health; (3) communicable diseases; (4) mental illness; (5) non-communicable diseases and (6) violence victimisation, perpetration and injury. If there are insufficient studies for meta-analysis, we will conduct a narrative synthesis. Study quality will be assessed using the MethodologicAl STandards for Epidemiological Research scale. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Our findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, in presentations at academic conferences and in a brief report for policy makers and service providers. We do not require ethics approval as this review will use data that have been previously published. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022357565.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Charles Campbell
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lindsay A Pearce
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa Willoughby
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohan Borschmann
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse Young
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Bruun
- Youth Support and Advocacy Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqui Sundbery
- Youth Support and Advocacy Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye M, Hessler D, Ford D, Benson M, Koita K, Bucci M, Long D, Harris NB, Thakur N. Pediatric ACEs and related life event screener (PEARLS) latent domains and child health in a safety-net primary care practice. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:367. [PMID: 37461038 PMCID: PMC10351141 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research examining the connections between individual adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and how groupings of interrelated adversities are linked with subsequent health is scarce, limiting our understanding of risk during a period of rapid expansion of ACE screening in clinical practice. The study objective was to conduct a psychometric analysis to derive latent domains of ACEs and related life events and assess the association between each domain and health outcome. METHODS Participants (3 months-11 years) were recruited from the University of California San Francisco Benioff's Children Hospital Oakland Primary Care Clinic. Children were screened with the Pediatric ACEs and Related Life Events Screener (PEARLS) (n = 340), which assessed 17 total ACEs and related life events, including forms of abuse, household challenges, and social risks. Domains were constructed using confirmatory factor analysis and associations between the three identified domains and 14 health outcomes were assessed using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Three PEARLS domains were identified: Maltreatment (ω = 0.73, ɑ=0.87), Household Challenges (ω = 0.70, ɑ=0.82), and Social Context (ω = 0.55, ɑ=0.70). Measurement invariance was supported across both gender and screening format. All domains were associated with poorer general and behavioral health and stomachaches. Maltreatment and Social Context were additionally associated with eczema while only Social Context was associated with increased odds of reporting headaches and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSION In an underserved, urban west-coast pediatric population, the PEARLS found three adversity domains of Maltreatment, Household Challenges, and Social Context that all had an independent statistically significant association with poorer child health. The results provide a timely and more nuanced representation of risk that can inform clinical practice and policy using more targeted resources and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Ye
- San Francisco Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, 500 Parnassus Avenue, 94143-0841 San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Danielle Hessler
- San Francisco Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, 500 Parnassus Avenue, 94143 San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Derek Ford
- Center for Psychological and Social Health, LLC, 2918 Westover Dr, Danville, VA 24541 USA
| | - Mindy Benson
- San Francisco Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 5220 Claremont Ave, Oakland, CA 94609 USA
| | - Kadiatou Koita
- Center for Youth Wellness, 3450 3rd St, 94124 San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Monica Bucci
- Center for Youth Wellness, 3450 3rd St, 94124 San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Dayna Long
- San Francisco Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 5220 Claremont Ave, Oakland, CA 94609 USA
| | | | - Neeta Thakur
- San Francisco Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, 500 Parnassus Avenue, 94143-0841 San Francisco, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
David OA, Fodor LA. Preventing mental illness in children that experienced maltreatment the efficacy of REThink online therapeutic game. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:106. [PMID: 37277525 PMCID: PMC10240463 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to child maltreatment (CM) is considered to predispose children to devastating consequences in terms of mental health. Thus, it is a public health priority to provide these children with early preventive interventions that are accessible on a large scale, adapted to their needs, and effective in supporting their mental health. Here we report a randomized control trial to test the efficacy of the REThink online therapeutic game, as compared with a Care as Usual (CAU) control group in the prevention of mental illness in maltreated children. Out of 439 children aged 8-12 that were recruited, 294 children with self-reported maltreatment histories were included in the current study, and were allocated, 146 participants in the REThink group and 148 participants in the CAU group. All children completed pre- and post-intervention assessments measuring mental health, emotion regulation, and irrational cognitions. We also tested potential moderators for these effects, such as the severity of CM and the security of parent attachment. Our results show that children receiving the REThink game intervention outperform the CAU group at post-test, showing a significantly lower level of emotional problems, mental health difficulties, use of maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies such as catastrophizing, rumination, and self-blame, and irrational cognitions. Moreover, children with higher CM severity benefit the most from the REThink game, while children with lower parent attachment security benefit the least. Future research is needed, to investigate the long-term efficacy of the REThink game in promoting the mental health of children exposed to CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana A David
- DATA Lab, International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Liviu A Fodor
- DATA Lab, International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dowdy R, Estes J, McCarthy C, Onders J, Onders M, Suttner A. The Influence of Occupational Therapy on Self-Regulation in Juvenile Offenders. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:221-232. [PMID: 36340267 PMCID: PMC9628343 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that experiences of childhood trauma disproportionally impact incarcerated youth and may decrease self-regulation skills including identification of emotions and ability to control behaviors. Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate changes in emotional state identified by incarcerated youth after receiving sensory-based occupational therapy treatment. Methods: A quasi-experimental retrospective chart review design was used in addition to surveys. Results: Participants had an average ACE score of 5.91 traumatic experiences and at least three mental health diagnoses. Results showed a statistically significant change between pre-and post-session emotions via a Likert scale as well as a decrease in the frequency of negative words used to identify emotions. When surveyed, participants reported a calmer body state after occupational therapy and highlighted the importance of learning coping strategies. Conclusion: Results suggest that sensory-based occupational therapy may be an effective, trauma-informed intervention to improve self-regulation and support daily function of these incarcerated youth.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kovács-Tóth B, Oláh B, Kuritárné Szabó I, Fekete Z. Psychometric properties of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire 10 item version (ACE-10) among Hungarian adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1161620. [PMID: 37275710 PMCID: PMC10235773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1161620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although a number of studies have been conducted since the 1995 initiation of the ACE study to map the effects of adverse childhood experiences, few studies have examined the psychometric properties of the individual versions of the ACE questionnaire. Aims The Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire 10 item version (ACE-10) has only been tested in a single study in an adult population, while its applicability in a particularly vulnerable population, the adolescents, has not been investigated yet. Our present study aims to address this gap in an adolescent sample of 792 subjects from a non-representative general population. Methods Besides demographic data, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire 10 item version (ACE-10), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the HBSC Symptom Checklist (HBSC-SCL) were employed. Results Our results showed acceptable internal consistency (ɵ = 0.86, α = 0.64) and adequate internal validity (r = 0.28-0.70, p < 0.001). In addition, proper concurrent criterion validity of the questionnaire was found when tested along the SDQ and HBSC-SCL items. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the ACE-10 is suitable for assessing intrafamilial adverse childhood experiences in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Kovács-Tóth
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Oláh
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Kuritárné Szabó
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Fekete
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oei A, Li D, Chu CM, Ng I, Hoo E, Ruby K. Disruptive behaviors, antisocial attitudes, and aggression in young offenders: Comparison of Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) typologies. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 141:106191. [PMID: 37084615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) are associated with many deleterious outcomes in young offenders. There is a dearth of studies examining its effects on young offenders' antisocial attitudes, disruptive behaviors and aggression, risk factors for delinquency and reoffending. OBJECTIVE This study examined ACE patterns and their association with the above factors in young offenders. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 1130 youth offenders (964 males; Mage = 17.57 years), provided self-reports on ACEs, antisocial attitudes, disruptive behavior ratings and aggression. METHOD Latent Class Analysis was performed on 12 self-reported ACEs, followed by Analyses of Covariance on each of the measures. RESULTS Four classes - Low ACE, Indirect Victims, Abusive Environment, and Polyvictimized - were identified. Polyvictimized youths had the highest levels of conduct problems (M = 70.35, ps < .05) and proactive aggression (M = 0.45, ps < .05) but did not differ from youths in Abusive Environment in reactive aggression (M = 1.02, p = .69), oppositional problems (M = 65.15, p = .18), and antisocial attitudes (M = 26.95, p = .21). Indirect Victims had lower levels of conduct problems (M = 64.80, p < .05) and antisocial attitudes (M = 24.35, p < .05) than Polyvictimized youths but higher levels of these outcomes than the Low ACE group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that ACEs patterns vary in their effects on antisociality and disruptive behaviors. The novel finding was that childhood victimization does not have to be direct, as indirect victimization significantly impacted factors important to delinquency and reoffending.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Oei
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore; Department of Social Work & Social Service Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Blk AS3, Level 4, 3 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore.
| | - Dongdong Li
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore; Department of Social Work & Social Service Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Blk AS3, Level 4, 3 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Chi Meng Chu
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore; Policy Research Office, Ministry of Social and Family Development, 512 Thomson Road, MSF Building, #07-00, 298136, Singapore
| | - Irene Ng
- Department of Social Work & Social Service Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Blk AS3, Level 4, 3 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Eric Hoo
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore
| | - Kala Ruby
- Probation and Community Rehabilitation Services, Ministry of Social and Family Development, 1 Kay Siang Road, #01-10, 248922, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Goemans A, Viding E, McCrory E. Child Maltreatment, Peer Victimization, and Mental Health: Neurocognitive Perspectives on the Cycle of Victimization. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:530-548. [PMID: 34355601 PMCID: PMC10009486 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211036393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Children who experience maltreatment are at increased risk of revictimization across the life span. In childhood, this risk often manifests as peer victimization. Understanding the nature of this risk, and its impact on mental health, is critical if we are to provide effective support for those children who are most vulnerable. A systematic scoping review was conducted using Google Scholar and PsycINFO. Studies on adults, psychiatric, and/or inpatient populations were excluded. Included studies concerned all forms of child maltreatment and peer victimization. We found 28 studies about the association between maltreatment experience and peer victimization as well as peer rejection. We review the evidence documenting the relation between these adverse childhood experiences and mental health. The evidence suggests that maltreatment and peer victimization have additive effects on mental health outcomes. A number of theoretical developmental frameworks that delineate putative mechanisms that might account for an association are considered. Building on prior research, we then discuss the role of recent neurocognitive findings in providing a multilevel framework for conceptualizing mental health vulnerability following maltreatment. In addition, we consider how altered neurocognitive functioning following maltreatment may shed light on why affected children are more likely to be victimized by their peers. Specifically, we consider the threat, reward, and autobiographical memory systems and their role in relation to stress generation, stress susceptibility, and social thinning. Such a mechanistic understanding is necessary if we are to reduce the likelihood of peer victimization in children exposed to maltreatment, and move to a preventative model of mental health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Goemans
- Leiden University, the Netherlands
- University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eamon McCrory
- University College London, United Kingdom
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United
Kingdom
- Eamon McCrory, Division of Psychology and
Language Science, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, United
Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
DeVylder J, Anglin D, Munson MR, Nishida A, Oh H, Marsh J, Narita Z, Bareis N, Fedina L. Ethnoracial Variation in Risk for Psychotic Experiences. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:385-396. [PMID: 36398917 PMCID: PMC10016402 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & HYPOTHESIS Psychotic disorders are inequitably distributed by race in the United States, although it is not known whether this is due to assessment biases or inequitable distributions of risk factors. Psychotic experiences are subclinical hallucinations and delusions used to study the etiology of psychosis, which are based on self-report and therefore not subject to potential clinician biases. In this study, we test whether the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PE) varies by race and if this variance is explained by socioenvironmental risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Data on demographics, PE, and socioenvironmental risk factors were collected through the National Survey of Poly-victimization and Mental Health, a national probability sample of US young adults. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether PE prevalence varied by race/ethnicity and, if so, whether this was attenuated with inclusion of indicators of income, education, urban/rural living, discrimination, and trauma exposure. STUDY RESULTS Black and Hispanic respondents reported PE at significantly greater rates than White or "other" ethnoracial groups, with hallucinations more commonly reported by Hispanic respondents. PE were significantly associated with police violence exposure, discrimination, adverse childhood experiences, and educational attainment. These factors statistically explained ethnoracial differences in the likelihood of overall PE occurrence and of nearly all PE subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Previously observed racial differences in psychosis extend beyond clinical schizophrenia, and therefore, are unlikely to be explained entirely by clinician biases. Instead, racial disparities in PE appear to be driven by features of structural racism, trauma, and discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan DeVylder
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, USA
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Deidre Anglin
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Atsushi Nishida
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jonathan Marsh
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, USA
| | - Zui Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natalie Bareis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Fedina
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Domond P, Orri M, Vergunst F, Bouchard S, Findlay L, Kohen D, Hébert M, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Geoffroy MC, Côté S. Childhood Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adulthood, and Welfare Receipt by Midlife. Pediatrics 2023; 151:190634. [PMID: 36748241 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-057379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate prospective associations between type of child abuse (physical, sexual, both), timing (childhood, young adulthood, both), and welfare receipt into middle-age. METHODS Database linkage study using the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children cohort born in 1980 and government administrative databases (N = 3020). We assessed parental tax returns, family and personal background characteristics (1982-1987). At age 22 years, participants answered retrospective questionnaires on experienced childhood abuse (physical, sexual abuse < age 18 years) and intimate partner violence (IPV) (ages 18-22). Main outcome was years on social assistance, on the basis of participant tax returns (ages 23-37 years). Analysis included weights for population representativeness. RESULTS Of 1690 participants (54.4% females) with available data, 22.4% reported childhood abuse only, 14.5% IPV only, and 18.5% both. Prevalence of childhood physical, sexual, and both was 20.4%, 12.2%, and 8.3%, respectively. Adjusting for socioeconomic background and individual characteristics, we found that childhood physical abuse alone and physical or sexual abuse combined were associated with a two-fold risk of welfare receipt, as compared to never-abused (adjusted incidence risk ratio 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-3.58; and adjusted incidence risk ratio 2.04, 95% CI, 1.29-3.23, respectively). Repeated abuse (childhood abuse combined with adult IPV) had a three-fold risk (adjusted incidence ratio 3.59, 95% CI, 2.39-5.37). CONCLUSIONS Abuse across several developmental periods (childhood and young adulthood) is associated with increased risks of long-term welfare receipt, independently of socioeconomic background. Results indicate a dose-response association. Early prevention and targeted identification are crucial to preventing economic adversity that may potentially lead to intergenerational poverty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Domond
- Ste-Justine University Hospital Research Centre.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Francis Vergunst
- Ste-Justine University Hospital Research Centre.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health.,Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Samantha Bouchard
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Leanne Findlay
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dafna Kohen
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martine Hébert
- Department of Sexology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Richard E Tremblay
- Ste-Justine University Hospital Research Centre.,Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvana Côté
- Ste-Justine University Hospital Research Centre.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen D, Lin L, Feng X, Luo S, Xiang H, Qin K, Guo X, Chen W, Guo VY. Adverse childhood experiences, problematic internet use, and health-related quality of life in Chinese adolescents. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2218248. [PMID: 37335002 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2218248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on an individual's health is substantial. However, the associations between ACEs, problematic internet use (PIU), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents remain underexplored.Objective: To assess the association between ACEs and HRQOL in Chinese adolescents and to evaluate the mediating role of PIU in this association.Method: A sample of 6,639 adolescents (3,457 boys and 3,182 girls) aged between 11-20 years (mean [SD] age: 14.5 [1.6] years) were recruited from 6 junior and senior middle schools using a proportional sampling approach in a cross-sectional study. Data on ACE exposure was collected through the short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the ACE-International Questionnaire, and two additional questions. HRQOL was assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0. The associations between ACEs and HRQOL were estimated using linear regression models. Mediation analysis was further conducted to explore the possible mediating role of PIU in the association between ACEs and HRQOL.Results: Our study collected 13 different ACEs. We found that adolescents exposed to any ACE had significantly lower scores in all HRQOL dimensions, psychosocial health summary scale, and total scale, than those without such exposure. Specifically, adolescents with ≥ 3 ACE exposure had a total scale score that was 14.70 (95%CI: 15.53 to 13.87) points lower than their non-exposed counterparts. Mediation analysis identified PIU as a significant mediator, with the proportion of the total effect attributable to PIU ranging from 14.38% for social functioning to 17.44% for physical functioning.Conclusions: Exposure to ACEs was associated with poorer HRQOL in Chinese adolescents, underscoring the importance to prevent ACEs and their negative impacts on adolescent well-being. These findings also highlighted the need of promoting appropriate internet use among adolescents exposed to ACEs, in order to avert potential impairment in their HRQOL.HIGHLIGHTSAdolescents with adverse childhood experiences have poorer health-related quality of life.The association between adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life shows a dose-response pattern.Problematic internet use partially mediates the associations between adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqiong Feng
- Department of Public Health, Guangzhou Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Yawei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tao H, Zeng X, Hou M, Chen S, Shen J, Liao X, Zou C. Association of adverse childhood experiences and depression among medical students: the role of family functioning and insomnia. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134631. [PMID: 37205075 PMCID: PMC10185847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have explored the mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to depression in medical students. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ACEs and depression through the serial mediation effect of family functioning and insomnia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 368 medical students from university in Chengdu in 2021. The participants were asked to complete four self-report questionnaires, including ACEs scale, the family APGAR index, the ISI and PHQ-9. Singe and serial mediation analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling by Mplus 8.3. Results ACEs had a significant direct effect on depression (β = 0.438, p < 0.001) and through three significantly indirect pathways: (1) through family functioning (β = 0.026, 95% CI: 0.007-0.060), accounting for 5.9% of the total effect; (2) through insomnia (β = 0.103, 95% CI: 0.011-0.187), accounting for 23.5% of the total effect; and (3) through the serial mediators involving in family functioning and insomnia (β = 0.038, 95% CI: 0.015-0.078), accounting for 8.7% of the total effect. The total indirect effect was 38.1%. Limitations This cross-sectional study prevented us from establishing causality. Conclusion This study highlights the role of family functioning and insomnia as serial mediators of the relationship between ACEs and depression. Findings help to elucidate the mechanism that underlines the pathway between ACEs and depression in medical students. These findings may indicate developing measures to strengthen family functioning and improve insomnia aiming to reduce depression in medical students with ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Tao
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Mutian Hou
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanping Chen
- The Department of Geriatric Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Shen
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liao
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyang Liao, ; Chuan Zou,
| | - Chuan Zou
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyang Liao, ; Chuan Zou,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mei X, Li J, Li ZS, Huang S, Li LL, Huang YH, Liu J. Psychometric evaluation of an Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) measurement tool: an equitable assessment or reinforcing biases? HEALTH & JUSTICE 2022; 10:34. [PMID: 36445502 PMCID: PMC9706892 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-022-00198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Utilizing Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) measurement scales to assess youths' adversities has expanded exponentially in health and justice studies. However, most of the ACEs assessment scales have yet to meet critical psychometric standards, especially for key demographic and minority groups. It is critical that any assessment or screening tool is not reinforcing bias, warranting the need for validating ACEs tools that are equitable, reliable and accurate. The current study aimed to examine the structural validity of an ACEs scale. Using data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), which collected of 97,314 responses collected from adults across sixteen states. This study assessed the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the ACEs tool under the structural equation modeling framework. RESULTS We found the 11-item ACEs screening tool as a second-order factor with three subscales, all of which passed the measurement invariance tests at metric and scalar levels across age, race, sex, socioeconomic status, gender identity, and sexual orientation. We also found that minority groups experienced more childhood adversity with small effect size, with the exception of the gender identity. CONCLUSION The ACEs measurement scale from the BRFSS is equitable and free from measurement bias regardless of one's age, race, sex, socioeconomic status, gender identity, and sexual orientation, and thus is valid to be used to compare group mean differences within these groups. The scale is a potentially valid, viable, and predictive risk assessment in health and justice and research settings to identify high-risk groups or individuals for treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Mei
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - Jiayu Li
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2520 USA
| | - Zhi-Shu Li
- Shenyang Open University, Shisiwei Rd, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110003 China
| | - Shun Huang
- Beijing Hospital, 1 Dahua Rd, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100051 China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 41 Shenzhou Street, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110000 China
| | - Yang-Hong Huang
- Shenyang Women and Children’s Hospital, No. 87 Danan street, Shenhe District, 110000 Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade Taipa, Macau, 999078 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ojeda VD, Berliant E, Parker T, Lyles M, Edwards TM, Jimenez C, Linke S, Hiller-Venegas S, Lister Z. Overview of a Pilot Health-focused Reentry Program for Racial/Ethnic Minority Probationers ages 18 to 26 in Southern California. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2022; 66:1303-1326. [PMID: 33980068 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211013739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant gap in reentry programming that is tailored to the needs of young adults ages 18 to 26 who are in a unique developmental life stage that involves ongoing maturity in their neurobiology, cognitive development, and social and financial transitions to adulthood and independence. This article describes the structure and approach of a 6-month health-focused reentry program designed for racial/ethnic minority young adult (YA) probationers in Southern California. The UCSD RELINK program includes service navigation and an optional psychoeducation health coaching program to build health literacy, problem-solving, and executive functioning skills relevant across multiple life domains. We describe participant characteristics and service needs at intake. Between 2017 and 2019, 122 YA probationers ages 18 to 26 responded to interviewer-administered baseline surveys. Participants needed basic services including housing, nutrition assistance, employment, and educational/vocational training. Depression and anxiety symptoms, Adverse Childhood Events, trauma, and unmet physical and mental health care needs were pervasive. Given the dearth of research on reentry programming for YA, this article documents the approaches taken in this multi-pronged health-focused reentry program to ensure that the program was tailored to YA reentrants' comprehensive needs. These data serve to concretely illustrate the range of needs and how YA reentrants view their own health and social needs in the context of multiple competing demands; such data may be useful for program planners and policymakers seeking to advance service delivery for YA minority reentrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria D Ojeda
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA
| | - Emily Berliant
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA
| | - Tamara Parker
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA
| | - Maurice Lyles
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA
| | - Todd M Edwards
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA
- University of San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cielo Jimenez
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA
| | - Sarah Linke
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Zephon Lister
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA
- Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lackova Rebicova M, Dankulincova Veselska Z, Madarasova Geckova A, Jansen DEMC, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Are Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated With Being in the System of Care? Front Psychol 2022; 13:909737. [PMID: 35814085 PMCID: PMC9263823 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.909737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can cause serious mental problems in adolescents and therefore may expected to be associated with higher use of psychosocial care, potentially varying by type of specific ACE. The aim of our study is to explore the association of the number of ACE and types of specific ACE with entering and using psychosocial care.MethodsWe used data from the Slovak Care4Youth cohort study, comprising 509 adolescents from 10 to 16 years old (mean age 13.2 years, 48.6% boys). We used logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, and family affluence to explore the associations of number and type of specific ACE with the use of psychosocial care.ResultsHaving three or more ACE as well as experiencing some specific ACE (death of a mother/father, death of somebody else you love, problems of a parent with alcohol or drugs, conflicts or physical fights between parents, and separation/divorce of parents) increased the likelihood of using psychosocial care. Regarding experience with the death of somebody else you love, we found a decreased likelihood of the use of psychosocial care.ConclusionExperiencing ACE above a certain threshold (three or more) and parent-related ACE increase the likelihood of adolescent care use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriama Lackova Rebicova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Miriama Lackova Rebicova,
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Danielle E. M. C. Jansen
- Theoretical Sociology - Department Sociology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jitse P. van Dijk
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ulusoy F, Akcan A. Comparison of adverse childhood experiences of working and nonworking adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2022; 35:277-284. [PMID: 35315166 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in adolescents are partially presented at the national level, few studies of ACEs in working adolescents by comparing them with those who are not working that provide an opportunity for international comparison have been conducted. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to compare the ACEs of working and nonworking adolescents. METHODS This study was conducted in Turkey with 213 working adolescents enrolled in the vocational training center and 457 nonworking adolescents enrolled in high schools between the ages of 15 and 18. RESULTS As a result of the study, the prevalence and incidence of psychological and physical ACEs and neglect in nonworking adolescents were found to be higher than the prevalence and incidence in working adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Research should be conducted to define the awareness of neglect and abuse among working and nonworking adolescents and to explain the reasons why nonworking adolescents experience more ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ulusoy
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Arzu Akcan
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Does Childhood Trauma Associate with Social Media Addiction? A Cross-sectional Study from Iran. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
23
|
Lackova Rebicova M, Dankulincova Veselska Z, Husarova D, Madarasova Geckova A, Jansen DEMC, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Does Schoolmate and Teacher Support Buffer against the Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Emotional and Behavioural Problems? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413009. [PMID: 34948619 PMCID: PMC8701890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the associations of schoolmate and teacher support with emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) and whether schoolmate and teacher support affects the associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and of EBP in adolescence. We obtained data from 5220 students aged from 11 to 15 (48.7% boys), who participated in the Health Behaviour in a School-aged Children study (2018, Slovakia). Using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age and family affluence we assessed the modification of the relations of ACE and EBP by schoolmate and teacher support. Schoolmate and teacher support decreased the probability of EBP (Odds Ratios, 95% confidence intervals: 0.76, 0.74|0.79; and 0.86, 0.83|0.89, respectively). However, we found no statistically significant interactions of schoolmate and teacher support regarding the association of ACE with EBP. Schoolmate and teacher support decreased the likelihood of EBP among adolescents but do not buffer the relation of any previous ACE with EBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriama Lackova Rebicova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.D.V.); (D.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-055-234-3263
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.D.V.); (D.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.D.V.); (D.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.D.V.); (D.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danielle E. M. C. Jansen
- Department of Community & Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.E.M.C.J.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Jitse P. van Dijk
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Community & Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.E.M.C.J.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Community & Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.E.M.C.J.); (S.A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pir S, Hashemi L, Gulliver P, Wiles J, McIntosh T, Fanslow J. Social-Level Factors Related to Positive Mental Health Outcomes Following Intimate Partner Violence: Results from a Population-Based Aotearoa New Zealand Sample. Violence Against Women 2021; 28:2742-2764. [PMID: 34761725 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211037380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be an issue for women globally. There remains a gap in research about what contributes to better mental health following IPV. The sociodemographic characteristics and other factors associated with positive mental health were explored among a sample of 454 women aged 16 years and over who reported previous exposure to physical and/or sexual IPV. Sixty-six percent of women reported positive mental health. The cessation of violence, support at disclosure, and ongoing informal support were factors significantly associated with positive mental health. Greater community outreach to improve responses to disclosure and practical support is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setayesh Pir
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 1415University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ladan Hashemi
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 1415University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pauline Gulliver
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 1415University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janine Wiles
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 1415University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tracey McIntosh
- Te Wānanga o Waipapa, Faculty of Arts, 1415University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janet Fanslow
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, 1415University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Developmental Pattern of Diurnal Cortisol Rhythm and Sex-Specific Associations With Psychopathological Symptoms During Pubertal Transition. Psychosom Med 2021; 82:823-829. [PMID: 33156262 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the developmental pattern of diurnal cortisol rhythm during pubertal transition and its prospective association with psychopathological symptoms. METHODS A cohort of 1158 children consisting of 608 boys and 550 girls aged 7 to 9 years (mean [standard deviation] age = 8.04 [0.61] years) were recruited in the Anhui Province of China in 2015 (wave 1). A single awakening sample was collected at baseline, and three additional samples were collected at one weekday in wave 2 to wave 4. Four indices of cortisol activity were evaluated and calculated across the day: awakening cortisol level, cortisol awakening response, the area under the curve with respect to ground (AUC), and the diurnal cortisol slope. In each wave, pubertal development was assessed by testicular size in boys and Tanner scales in girls. Psychopathological symptoms were ascertained in waves 2 to 4. RESULTS Multilevel mixed models revealed no significant pubertal changes in diurnal cortisol activity in girls. In boys, awakening cortisol (β = -0.005, p = .004) and total cortisol output (lnAUC, β = -0.005, p = .040) significantly decreased across pubertal transition. Higher awakening cortisol and total cortisol output (lnAUC) were associated with higher scores on internalizing symptoms in girls (β = 0.82, p < .001; β = 0.62, p = .012) and externalizing symptoms in boys (β = 0.73, p = .001; β = 0.55, p = .019) during the 3-year follow-up. In contrast, no associations were found between cortisol awakening response and diurnal cortisol slope with psychopathological symptom scores in boys or girls. CONCLUSIONS Development of diurnal cortisol activity during pubertal transition occurs in a sex-specific manner. Awakening cortisol level and daily total cortisol output may serve as markers for psychopathology during pubertal transition.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen XX, Xu LP, Zeng CC, Zhang XY, Tao FB, Sun Y. Prolonged parent-child separation and pain in adolescence: The role of HPA-axis genetic variations. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:255-260. [PMID: 34134023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has demonstrated that childhood adversity was a predictor of pain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis genetic variation is associated with pain risk. This study aims to explore possible effects of prolonged childhood separation from parents and HPA polygenic risk score (PRS) on pain among adolescents in rural China. METHOD We used data from 219 adolescents in rural area of Fuyang city, Anhui province, China. Parent-child separation was collected through interview and pain intensity was reported using the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale. SNP genotyping was performed using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique. The PRS was computed based on 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2 genes (FKBP5 and NR3C1) related to HPA-axis stress reactivity. RESULTS Pain among adolescents separated from both parents scored higher compared to those without parent-child separation, however, this association was only observed in adolescents with moderate to high tertiles of PRS groups (parent-child separation in moderate group vs. no parent-child separation in moderate group: 3.07 vs. 1.57, P < 0.001; parent-child separation in highest group vs. no parent-child separation in highest group: 3.02 vs. 1.26, P < 0.001; parent-child separation in lowest group vs. no parent-child separation in lowest group: 2.34 vs. 1.25, P = 0.225). After controlled for demographic characteristics, psychopathological symptoms, adverse childhood experiences, parental warmth, prolonged childhood parent-child separation increased pain scores by 1.52 points (95% CI:0.72, 2.33) and 1.72 points (95% CI:1.13, 2.31) in moderate and high PRS groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that adolescents separated from both parents while carrying more risk alleles related to HPA-axis stress reactivity are at heightened risk of pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Chen
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Luo-Piao Xu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chen-Chen Zeng
- Fuyang Vocational Technical College, Fuyang, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xing-Yan Zhang
- Bengbu High-tech Education Group, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang A, Fang J, Wan Y, Su P, Tao F, Sun Y. Joint trajectories of life style indicators and their links to psychopathological outcomes in the adolescence. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:407. [PMID: 34404392 PMCID: PMC8369712 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid socio-economic development makes China a unique laboratory for examining how lifestyle changes affect adolescent mental health. This study aims to identify joint trajectories of modifiable lifestyle indicators during pubertal transition and its associations with psychopathological outcomes. METHODS A cohort of 1974 children aged 7-9 years were recruited in Anhui Province, China during March 2013. The assessment of lifestyle behaviors (screen time, physical activity, sleep duration and beverage intake) and depressive symptoms were conducted from Wave 1 to Wave 4 (2018). Suicide ideation, non-suicidal self-harm (NSSI) and alcohol use were self-reported at Wave 4. Longitudinal trajectories of lifestyle patterns were defined using group-based multi-trajectory models in 2019. RESULTS Four lifestyle trajectories were identified: persistent healthy (39.9%), suboptimal healthy (25.3%), unhealthy mitigation (17.2%), and persistent unhealthy (17.7%). Compared with persistent healthy group, the risk of subsequent suicide ideation [odds ratio (OR): 2.86, 95%CI: 2.15-3.81], depressive symptoms (OR: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.39-3.35), alcohol use (OR: 2.53, 95%CI: 1.78-3.61) and non-suicidal self-harm (OR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.09-1.67) was significantly higher in persistent unhealthy group. CONCLUSIONS This study provided convincing evidence that unhealthy lifestyle trajectory during adolescence is associated with more than two-fold elevated odds for multiple domains of psychopathological outcomes over 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anhui Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuhu Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Wuhu, 230000 Anhui Province China
| | - Jiao Fang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China ,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Puyu Su
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China ,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China ,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China. .,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Branson DC, Martin JS, Westbrook OE, Ketcherside RJ, Bradley CS. “Why People Gotta be so Judgy?”: The Importance of Agency-Wide, Non-judgmental Approach to Client Care. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2021.1955641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Branson
- Department of Criminal Justice, Social Work, and Sociology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA
| | - Jocelyn S. Martin
- Department of Criminal Justice, Social Work, and Sociology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA
| | - Olivia E. Westbrook
- Department of Criminal Justice, Social Work, and Sociology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA
| | - River J. Ketcherside
- Social Work Program, Southern Illinois University – Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher S. Bradley
- Department of Criminal Justice, Social Work, and Sociology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Naghavi M, Nakhaee N. Associations between Childhood Abuse, Resilience, Mindfulness, and Waterpipe Smoking: Implications for Cessation Interventions. J Smok Cessat 2021; 2021:6648779. [PMID: 34429784 PMCID: PMC8356016 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6648779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research has established a link between childhood abuse and later drug abuse. For waterpipe smoking (WPS), such a role has not been adequately clarified. AIMS To explore the mediating effect of resilience and mindfulness on the association between childhood abuse and current WPS among college students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among a consecutive sample (n = 776) of college students in Kerman, Iran. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Abuse Short Form, the 14-item Resilience Scale, and the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory were used. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the complex associations between variables. RESULTS Nearly 95% of participants were aged between 18 and 27 years, and the mean (SD) age of students was 22.2 (3.1). Most of them were single (84.4), and 52.7% were female. Prevalence of lifetime and current WPS among students was 49.6% and 33.4%, respectively. Less than one-third (n = 228) of lifetime users first tried smoking by the age of 18. The risk of current WPS was significantly higher in males than females (β = 0.25, P < 0.001). Childhood abuse was directly associated with current WPS (β = 0.20, P < 0.001) and resilience (β = -0.12, P < 0.05). Adverse childhood experiences were also indirectly (mediated by the effect of the resilience, path coefficient = 0.06, P < 0.001) associated with the risk of WPS. No relationship was seen between trait mindfulness and current WPS (β = -0.02, P = 0.393). Resilience was negatively associated with current WPS (β = -0.47, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The study revealed the potential importance of childhood abuse and low resilience as risk factors precipitating the onset of WPS. Further studies are warranted to examine the implications of this study for quitting WPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Naghavi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nouzar Nakhaee
- Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Renkiewicz GK, Hubble MW. Secondary Traumatic Stress in Emergency Services Systems (STRESS) Project: Quantifying and Predicting Compassion Fatigue in Emergency Medical Services Personnel. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2021; 26:652-663. [PMID: 34128453 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2021.1943578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Compassion fatigue (CF) is defined as the acute or gradual loss of benevolence that occurs after exposure to critical incident stress. Colloquially referred to as the "cost of caring," CF can affect an individual's future response to stressful situations and is unhealthy for caregivers.Objective: To identify the prevalence and predictors of CF in EMS professionals.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of EMS personnel using one-stage area sampling. Nine EMS agencies recruited based on location and geographic region provided data on service area and call mix. Respondents were surveyed in-person during monthly training. The survey evaluated the relationship between CF and psychosocial factors using the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL). Parametric and non-parametric tests were used where appropriate for the univariate analysis. Those factors significant in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariable analysis. A logistic regression was conducted to determine predictors of CF while controlling for potential confounders.Results: A total of 686 EMS personnel completed the survey. Altogether, 48% had CF, of which 50.8% were male and 14% were minorities. Compared to those without CF, more than 4 times as many respondents with CF (n = 28[8.6%] v. 7[2.0%]) self-reported as currently in counseling and over a third (n = 109[33.1%]) had considered suicide. Irrespective of the presence of CF, one in two knew another EMS professional who had completed suicide. African-American EMS professionals were 3 times more likely to have CF (OR:3.1;p = 0.009). Mean scores on the ProQOL CF subscale were 10 points higher in those with CF compared to those without (27.1[±4.34] v. 17.04[±2.9]). EMS personnel were 48% more likely to have CF if they knew an EMS provider who completed suicide (p = 0.047). Additionally, those with concomitant traumatic stress syndromes, such as vicarious trauma and burnout, were 4.61 and 3.35 times more likely to have CF, respectively.Conclusions: CF is a considerable concern for EMS professionals and there are several modifiable factors that may reduce the prevalence of this cumulative stress syndrome. Additional research should focus on causal factors and mitigation strategies, as well as the individual and agency impact of CF on the prehospital work environment.
Collapse
|
31
|
Mefford LC, Phillips KD, Chung ML. Childhood Loss Experiences, Religiousness/Spirituality, and Hope as Predictors of Adult Life Satisfaction. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2021; 42:649-659. [PMID: 33052730 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2020.1828514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore how adaptive patterns of religiousness/spirituality and hope predict adult life satisfaction in adults, even if they had childhood loss experiences.Design and Methods Using a cross-sectional survey design with132 adult participants (mean age 33.8 ± 15.2, 82% female, 78% Caucasian) we estimated two hierarchical regression models to examine how dimensions of religiousness/spirituality (Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality) and hope (Herth Hope Index) predicted adult life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale) after controlling for effects of adverse childhood experiences (Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Questionnaire) or chronic sorrow from childhood loss (Kendall Chronic Sorrow Instrument).Results When effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) were controlled, higher levels of hope (β = .416, p < .001) and forgiveness (β = .273, p = .023) and lower levels of religious/spiritual values/beliefs (β = -.298, p = .014) predicted higher levels of adult life satisfaction. ACE remained a significant predictor of adult life satisfaction in the final model. When controlling for effects of chronic sorrow, higher life satisfaction was predicted only by forgiveness (β = .379, p = .003), values/beliefs (β = -.354, p = .007), and hope (β = .357, p < .001), with chronic sorrow not a significant predictor of adult life satisfaction in the final model.Conclusion: Greater life satisfaction for adult survivors of childhood loss experiences could be promoted by interventions to enhance hope and foster forgiveness. These adult survivors may also need support as they engage with religious/spiritual struggle to reconcile their values and beliefs with childhood loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Mefford
- Lansing School of Nursing and Clinical Sciences, Bellarmine University, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kenneth D Phillips
- College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,College of Nursing, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Misook L Chung
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meinck F, Murray AL, Dunne MP, Schmidt P, Nikolaidis G. Factor structure and internal consistency of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Parent Version (ICAST-P) in a cross-country pooled data set in nine Balkan countries. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 115:105007. [PMID: 33721661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers are increasingly using parental report measures in population-based surveys of violence against children. No research thus far has examined the factor structure of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool Parent Version (ICAST-P), a non-commercialized measure for prevalence studies. METHODS This paper uses secondary data from the Balkan Epidemiological Study on Child Abuse and Neglect (BECAN) which included 25,202 primary caregivers of school-going children in three grades (aged 11, 13 and 16). Primary caregivers completed the ICAST-P 2010-2011, which measures children's exposure to physical and psychological violence and neglect by caregivers and sexual violence by any perpetrator. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the reliability and the factor structure of the ICAST-P for a four-dimensional model and a bifactor model, with one general factor and four group factors representing the specific components of each set of items. Measurement invariance could not be tested. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence for physical violence was 66.7 %, for psychological violence 66.6 %, for sexual violence 3.1 % and for neglect 9.1 %. CFA showed adequate fit for the hypothesized four-dimensional model, however, improved fit was shown for a bifactor model with abuse as the general factor. Internal consistency was good for physical and psychological violence, but not neglect and sexual violence. Hierarchical omega showed good internal consistency for the general factor. CONCLUSIONS Parents report that their children experience high levels of violence. The factor structure of the ICAST-P is best captured using a bifactor modelling approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; OPTENTIA, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
| | - Aja L Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael P Dunne
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam.
| | - Peter Schmidt
- Institute of Political Sciences and Centre for Environment and Development (ZEU), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Johann Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lea AJ, Waigwa C, Muhoya B, Lotukoi F, Peng J, Henry LP, Abhyankar V, Kamau J, Martins D, Gurven M, Ayroles JF. Socioeconomic status effects on health vary between rural and urban Turkana. Evol Med Public Health 2021; 9:406-419. [PMID: 34987823 PMCID: PMC8697843 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Understanding the social determinants of health is a major goal in evolutionary biology and human health research. Low socioeconomic status (often operationalized as absolute material wealth) is consistently associated with chronic stress, poor health and premature death in high-income countries. However, the degree to which wealth gradients in health are universal—or are instead made even steeper under contemporary, post-industrial conditions—remains poorly understood. Methodology We quantified absolute material wealth and several health outcomes among a population of traditional pastoralists, the Turkana of northwest Kenya, who are currently transitioning toward a more urban, market-integrated lifestyle. We assessed whether wealth associations with health differed in subsistence-level versus urban contexts. We also explored the causes and consequences of wealth-health associations by measuring serum cortisol, potential sociobehavioral mediators in early life and adulthood, and adult reproductive success (number of surviving offspring). Results Higher socioeconomic status and greater material wealth predicts better self-reported health and more offspring in traditional pastoralist Turkana, but worse cardiometabolic health and fewer offspring in urban Turkana. We do not find robust evidence for either direct biological mediators (cortisol) or indirect sociobehavioral mediators (e.g. adult diet or health behaviors, early life experiences) of wealth–health relationships in either context. Conclusions and implications While social gradients in health are well-established in humans and animals across a variety of socioecological contexts, we show that the relationship between wealth and health can vary within a single population. Our findings emphasize that changes in economic and societal circumstances may directly alter how, why and under what conditions socioeconomic status predicts health. Lay Summary High socioeconomic status predicts better health and more offspring in traditional Turkana pastoralists, but worse health and fewer offspring in individuals of the same group living in urban areas. Together, our study shows that under different economic and societal circumstances, wealth effects on health may manifest in very different ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lea
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Charles Waigwa
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Benjamin Muhoya
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | | | - Julie Peng
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lucas P Henry
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Varada Abhyankar
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Kamau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dino Martins
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California: Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Julien F Ayroles
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rodríguez-Menchón M, Morales A, Orgilés M, Espada JP. Validation and Adaptation of the Brief Self-Control Scale With Spanish Adolescents: Factorial Structure and Evidences of Reliability, Validity, and Factor Invariance Across Gender and Age. Assessment 2021; 29:949-961. [PMID: 33629588 DOI: 10.1177/1073191121996470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During adolescence, the difficulty to control impulses is especially notable. The Brief Self-Control Scale has been used in different countries for years to study associations between self-control and other variables. However, its factor structure is not completely clear, and it is necessary to have a scale with psychometric assurances that evaluates self-control in adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the factorial structure of the Brief Self-Control Scale and to provide evidences of reliability, validity, and factor invariance across gender and age in a sample of Spanish adolescents. Participants were 693 adolescents from Southeastern Spain, aged 13 to 18 years. Data supported an excellent fit to a two-dimensional model and evidences of reliability, validity and factor invariance across gender and age were obtained. This study provides new data on the two-dimensionality of self-control. The need of this tool becomes increasingly relevant to the susceptibility of new emerging addictions, such as mobile phones or internet.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kovács-Tóth B, Oláh B, Papp G, Szabó IK. Assessing adverse childhood experiences, social, emotional, and behavioral symptoms, and subjective health complaints among Hungarian adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:12. [PMID: 33618739 PMCID: PMC7901200 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can have lifelong adverse impacts; they can play a role in the development of subsequent emotional, cognitive, and social impairments leading to somatic and mental difficulties, as well as health damaging behaviours. Unfortunately, there are currently no research data available in Hungary regarding the frequency of ACEs among adolescents. AIMS A cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in a community sample of Hungarian adolescents to assess the frequency of ACEs and analyse their association with current social, emotional, and behavioural symptoms (SEB), and subjective health complaints (SHC). METHODS Demographic data, ACEs, SEB and SHC status of 516 adolescents aged 12 to 17 were collected. ACEs were assessed using the ACE Score Calculator; for SEB the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and for SHC some specific items from the Health Behaviour of School Children questionnaire were employed. To analyse the relationship of ACEs to SEB and SHC logistic regression was performed. RESULTS Our results showed that the frequency of ACEs, SEB and SHC is high among adolescents. One-fourth of the students reported ≥ 2 categories of childhood exposures, and 7.4% reported having experienced ≥ 4 types of ACEs. The most prevalent forms of child maltreatment were emotional neglect (15.5%) and emotional abuse (14.5%). The most frequent dysfunctional household condition was parental divorce or separation (23.8%), followed by household substance abuse (8.9%) and household mental illness (8.1%). Almost one-fifth of students (17.5%) reported SEB symptoms (peer relationship problems in 21.7%, emotional symptoms in 14.6%, conduct problems in 18.3%, hyperactivity in 15%). The prevalence of SHC was also high: more than half of the students experienced at least one subjective health complaint multiple times a week. Significant associations were found between ACEs and the SEB/SHC reported by students. CONCLUSIONS Adverse childhood experiences, social, emotional, and behavioural symptoms, and SHC are common among Hungarian adolescents. The cumulation of ACEs is associated with a higher number of SEB and SHC symptoms. Therefore, prevention programmes, early recognition, risk reduction, and therapy are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Kovács-Tóth
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei krt. 98, POB. 45, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary. .,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Barnabás Oláh
- grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei krt. 98, POB. 45, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary ,grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Papp
- grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Kuritárné Szabó
- grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei krt. 98, POB. 45, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary ,grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rosado JI, Ramirez A, Montgomery J, Reyes E, Wang Y. Adverse childhood experiences and its association with emotional and behavioral problems in U.S. children of Latino immigrants. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 112:104887. [PMID: 33401158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has long shown that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are correlated with major risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults. However, only recently have studies begun to measure the impact of ACEs during childhood and on underserved populations. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the prevalence of 8 ACEs, including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, among rural U.S. Latino children of immigrant parents. We examined the association of those adversities with several factors including emotional and behavioral difficulties, health problems and healthcare utilization. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 100 Latino subjects (ages 8-17) were recruited from a community health center in Southwest Florida. METHODS Parents and children were asked to complete the Child Trust Events Survey to measure child ACEs; Parents were asked to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to measure child emotional and behavioral problems. RESULTS Child ACEs ranged from 1.38 (parent-report) to 1.56 (child self-report) with emotional abuse, incarceration, and loss/separation from a caregiver being the most common. ACEs were correlated with emotional symptoms (p = .038 for child-report; p = .043 for parent-report), hyperactivity/inattention problems (p = .011 for parent-report), and with total behavioral difficulties (p = .021 for parent-report). There was a negative correlation between ACES and child chronic health diagnosis (p = .038 for parent-report; p = .010 for child-report) and total health problems (p = .021). There was no significant relationship between ACEs and healthcare utilization. CONCLUSIONS ACEs appear to be more prevalent among rural Latino youth in immigrant families and may be associated with emotional and behavioral problems during childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier I Rosado
- Florida State University College of Medicine - Immokalee Health Education Site, 1441 Heritage Blvd, Immokalee, FL, 34142, United States.
| | - Andrea Ramirez
- Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, United States.
| | - Jordan Montgomery
- Florida State University College of Medicine - Immokalee Health Education Site, 1441 Heritage Blvd, Immokalee, FL, 34142, United States.
| | - Elena Reyes
- Florida State University College of Medicine - Immokalee Health Education Site, 1441 Heritage Blvd, Immokalee, FL, 34142, United States.
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 West Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Measuring the Effects of Childhood Trauma in HIV Primary Care. J Nurse Pract 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
38
|
Lackova Rebicova M, Dankulincova Veselska Z, Husarova D, Klein D, Madarasova Geckova A, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Does family communication moderate the association between adverse childhood experiences and emotional and behavioural problems? BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1264. [PMID: 32819332 PMCID: PMC7439671 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor family support and communication can increase emotional and behavioural problems (EBP). Therefore, we assessed the association of difficult communication with mother and with father separately with both emotional and behavioural problems (EBP), and whether adolescents' communication with mother and with father moderates the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) with the EBP of adolescents. METHODS We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia, comprising 5202 adolescents aged from 11 to 15 (mean age 13.53; 49.3% boys). EBP were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We used generalized linear regression adjusted for age, gender and family affluence to explore the modification of the associations between ACE and EBP by communication (easy vs. difficult communication) with mother and father. RESULTS Difficult communication or a complete lack of communication due to the absence of mother and father increased the probability of emotional (exp (b): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92|1.00; and 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91|0.99, respectively) and also of behavioural problems (exp (b): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92|1.00; and 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90|0.97, respectively). We found a statistically significant interaction of communication with father on the association of ACE with EBP, showing that the joint effects were less than multiplicative. CONCLUSION Difficult communication with mother and father is related to EBP among adolescents, and adolescents' communication with father moderates the association of ACE with both emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriama Lackova Rebicova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Metodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic. .,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04001, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Metodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04001, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Metodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04001, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Klein
- Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, P.J. Safarik University, Srobarova 2, 04154, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Metodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04001, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Univerzitni 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitse P van Dijk
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04001, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Univerzitni 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jia Z, Wen X, Chen F, Zhu H, Li C, Lin Y, Xie X, Yuan Z. Cumulative Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experience: Depressive Symptoms, Suicide Intensions and Suicide Plans among Senior High School Students in Nanchang City of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4718. [PMID: 32630073 PMCID: PMC7369761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study tested relationships between different types of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and depressive symptoms, suicide intensions, suicide plans and examines the cumulative effects of adverse childhood experience on depressive, suicide intentions and suicide plans among senior high school students. We conducted a survey among five senior high schools in Nanchang city, which were selected through stratified random cluster sampling. Among the 884 respondents, 409 were male (46.27%), and 475 were female (53.73%); the age ranged from 14 to 18. During the past 12 months, 199 (22.51%) students presented to depressive symptoms, 125 (14.14%) students had suicide intensions, 55 (6.22%) students had suicide plans. As ACE scores increased, there was an increase in the odds of (1) depressive symptoms-one ACE (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 2.096, p < 0.001), two ACEs (AOR = 3.155, p < 0.001) and three to five ACEs (AOR = 9.707, p < 0.001); suicide intensions-1 ACE (AOR = 1.831, p = 0.011), two ACEs (AOR = 2.632, p = 0.002) and three to five ACEs (AOR = 10.836, p < 0.001); and (2) suicide plans-one ACE (AOR = 2.599, p < 0.001), two ACEs (AOR = 4.748, p < 0.001) and three to five ACEs (AOR = 22.660, p < 0.001). We should increase the awareness of adolescents who have had adverse childhood experience, especially those with multiple ACEs to prevent depression and suicide among senior high school students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Jia
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Z.J.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaotong Wen
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Z.J.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Feiyu Chen
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongxiang District, Fuzhou 331800, China;
| | - Hui Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Can Li
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Yixiang Lin
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Z.J.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoxu Xie
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Zhaokang Yuan
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (Z.J.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kidman R, Piccolo LR, Kohler HP. Adverse Childhood Experiences: Prevalence and Association With Adolescent Health in Malawi. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:285-293. [PMID: 31810632 PMCID: PMC6981018 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood adversity is robustly associated with poor health across the life course. However, very few studies have examined the prevalence and implications of adverse childhood experiences in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study is to measure adverse childhood experiences among adolescents in Malawi and examine the association with mental and physical health outcomes. METHODS From 2017 to 2018, baseline data were collected among adolescents aged 10-16 years (n=2,089). Respondents were interviewed in their local language at their homes. Respondents completed questions on childhood adversity (Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire), self-rated health, mortality expectations, and mental health (Beck Depression Inventory and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale). Stunting, obesity, and grip strength were measured. Analyses were conducted in 2018. Frequencies described the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences, and adjusted multivariate models examined whether cumulative adversity predicts current health. RESULTS Adolescents reported a high burden of adversity (i.e., 5 lifetime adverse childhood experiences on average). Adolescents who scored in the top adverse childhood experiences quintile were more likely to report depression (OR=3.11, 95% CI=2.10, 4.60), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR=4.19, 95% CI=2.43, 7.23), worse self-rated health (OR=3.72, 95% CI=2.03, 6.81), and a higher expected likelihood of dying in the next 5 years (RR=5.02, 95% CI=2.15, 7.88) compared with those in the bottom quintile. However, adverse childhood experiences did not demonstrate a graded relationship with obesity, stunting, or grip strength. CONCLUSIONS These patterns are quite consistent with evidence from high-income countries and suggest that primary prevention of adverse childhood experiences should be a priority to ensure lifelong health in low-resources settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kidman
- Program in Public Health, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York; Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York.
| | - Luciane R Piccolo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Hans-Peter Kohler
- Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Werner-Seidler A, Huckvale K, Larsen ME, Calear AL, Maston K, Johnston L, Torok M, O’Dea B, Batterham PJ, Schweizer S, Skinner SR, Steinbeck K, Ratcliffe J, Oei JL, Patton G, Wong I, Beames J, Wong QJJ, Lingam R, Boydell K, Salmon AM, Cockayne N, Mackinnon A, Christensen H. A trial protocol for the effectiveness of digital interventions for preventing depression in adolescents: The Future Proofing Study. Trials 2020; 21:2. [PMID: 31898512 PMCID: PMC6941300 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression frequently first emerges during adolescence, and one in five young people will experience an episode of depression by the age of 18 years. Despite advances in treatment, there has been limited progress in addressing the burden at a population level. Accordingly, there has been growing interest in prevention approaches as an additional pathway to address depression. Depression can be prevented using evidence-based psychological programmes. However, barriers to implementing and accessing these programmes remain, typically reflecting a requirement for delivery by clinical experts and high associated delivery costs. Digital technologies, specifically smartphones, are now considered a key strategy to overcome the barriers inhibiting access to mental health programmes. The Future Proofing Study is a large-scale school-based trial investigating whether cognitive behaviour therapies (CBT) delivered by smartphone application can prevent depression. METHODS A randomised controlled trial targeting up to 10,000 Year 8 Australian secondary school students will be conducted. In Stage I, schools will be randomised at the cluster level either to receive the CBT intervention app (SPARX) or to a non-active control group comparator. The primary outcome will be symptoms of depression, and secondary outcomes include psychological distress, anxiety and insomnia. At the 12-month follow-up, participants in the intervention arm with elevated depressive symptoms will participate in an individual-level randomised controlled trial (Stage II) and be randomised to receive a second CBT app which targets sleep difficulties (Sleep Ninja) or a control condition. Assessments will occur post intervention (both trial stages) and at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months post baseline. Primary analyses will use an intention-to-treat approach and compare changes in symptoms from baseline to follow-up relative to the control group using mixed-effect models. DISCUSSION This is the first trial testing the effectiveness of smartphone apps delivered to school students to prevent depression at scale. Results from this trial will provide much-needed insight into the feasibility of this approach. They stand to inform policy and commission decisions concerning if and how such programmes should be deployed in school-based settings in Australia and beyond. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12619000855123. Registered on 31 May 2019. Clinical Trial Notification Scheme (CTN), CT-2019-CTN-02110-1-v1. Registered on 30 June 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kit Huckvale
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Mark E. Larsen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Alison L. Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Kate Maston
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Lara Johnston
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Michelle Torok
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Bridianne O’Dea
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Philip J. Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Susanne Schweizer
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Rachel Skinner
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Ju-Lee Oei
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - George Patton
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Iana Wong
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Joanne Beames
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Quincy J. J. Wong
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Raghu Lingam
- Population Child Health Clinical Research Group, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Katherine Boydell
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Allison M. Salmon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Nicole Cockayne
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
O’Sullivan D, Watts JR, Strauser DR. Trauma-sensitive rehabilitation counseling: Paradigms and principles. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-191047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
43
|
Vink RM, van Dommelen P, van der Pal SM, Eekhout I, Pannebakker FD, Klein Velderman M, Haagmans M, Mulder T, Dekker M. Self-reported adverse childhood experiences and quality of life among children in the two last grades of Dutch elementary education. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 95:104051. [PMID: 31344586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) may have a life-long impact on mental health and are related to physical disease, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Research on ACEs suffers from recall bias when performed with adults. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of ACEs and the interrelationships between ACEs as reported by children, and to determine the impact on their self-reported quality of life (QoL). Children's opinions on the ACE-Questionnaire were also obtained. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted with a child version of the ACE-Questionnaire. This questionnaire assesses parental separation or divorce, physical and emotional child abuse and neglect, sexual violence, domestic violence, household substance abuse, psychological issues or suicide, and incarceration of a household member. QoL was measured with the Kidscreen-10. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The questionnaire was completed by 644 children at a mean age of 11 years (range 9-13 years), in the two last grades of regular elementary schools, recruited throughout the Netherlands. RESULTS Data were weighted by ethnicity to obtain a representative sample of children in Dutch elementary education. Of all children, 45.3% had one or more out of ten ACEs. Child maltreatment was experienced by 26.4%. ACEs often co-occurred. A higher number of ACEs correlated with a lower mean level of QoL (p < 0.001). Mean QoL was 8.5 points lower (Cohen's d = 0.8) in children who experienced child maltreatment. Children's opinions on the questionnaire were positive in 82.4%. CONCLUSION Prevention of ACEs, professional training and trauma-focus in schools are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remy M Vink
- TNO, Department of Child Health, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Iris Eekhout
- TNO, Department of Child Health, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Tim Mulder
- Augeo Foundation, Driebergen, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Karatekin C, Hill M. Expanding the Original Definition of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2019; 12:289-306. [PMID: 32318200 PMCID: PMC7163861 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-018-0237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report two studies examining psychometric properties of an expanded measure of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) that combined the original ACEs items with items from the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. In Study 1, we examined its factorial structure, internal consistency, and concurrent validity in undergraduates (N = 1479). In Study 2, we also examined replicability of frequencies of ACEs, test-retest reliability, and convergent and predictive validity. Results suggested a model with four inter-related factors: maltreatment, household dysfunction, community dysfunction, and peer dysfunction/property victimization. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent and convergent validity were acceptable, and findings were replicated across samples. We suggest that this expanded measure is assessing early experiences of victimization and helplessness in the face of perceived intentional emotional and physical threats or actual harm by others, and that although they may not all be "traumatic," their cumulative impact is associated with poor mental health in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canan Karatekin
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Maria Hill
- University of St. Thomas, St Paul, MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lackova Rebicova M, Dankulincova Veselska Z, Husarova D, Madarasova Geckova A, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. The Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Is Associated with Emotional and Behavioral Problems among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132446. [PMID: 31324072 PMCID: PMC6651534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) with emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) among adolescents and the degree to which this association is stronger for more ACE. In addition, we assessed whether socioeconomic position (SEP) modifies the association of ACE with EBP. We obtained data from 341 adolescents aged 10–16 (mean age = 13.14 years; 44.0% boys), the baseline of a cohort study. We measured EBP with the strengths and difficulties questionnaire and socioeconomic position (SEP) with self-reported financial status. We used generalized linear models to analyze the association between ACE (0 vs. 1–2 vs. 3 and more) and EBP, and the modifying effect of SEP. Adolescents with 1–2 ACE (regression coefficient: 0.19; 95%-confidence interval (CI): 0.06–0.32) and with 3 ACE and over (0.35; 0.17–0.54) reported more overall problems compared with adolescents without ACE. Moreover, adolescents with 1–2 ACE (0.16; −0.01–0.32, and 0.16; 0.03–0.29) and with 3 and over ACE (0.33; 0.10–0.56, and 0.28; 0.09–0.47) reported more emotional problems and behavioral problems, respectively. The interactions of SEP with ACE were not significant. ACE are related to EBP among adolescents, with a clear dose-response association, and this association similarly holds for all SEP categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriama Lackova Rebicova
- Department of Health Psychology, Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia.
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology, Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology, Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology, Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitse P van Dijk
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Community & Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Community & Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kidman R, Smith D, Piccolo LR, Kohler HP. Psychometric evaluation of the Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) in Malawian adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 92:139-145. [PMID: 30974257 PMCID: PMC6513701 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have lifelong adverse impacts on health and behavior. While this relationship has been extensively documented in high-income countries, evidence from lower-income contexts is largely missing. In order to stimulate greater research on the prevalence and consequences of ACEs in low-income countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). OBJECTIVE In this paper, we explore the factor structure, validity and reliability of the original ACE-IQ, and evaluate whether potential adaptations improve its predictive validity. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Four hundred and ten adolescents (age 10-16 years old) from Malawi. METHODS The adolescents answered an adapted version of ACE-IQ and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS Taken together, our results suggest that (a) the ACE-IQ is structured in three dimensions: household disruption, abuse, and neglect; (b) there is support for the validity of the scale evidenced by the correlation between subdimensions (average across 13 correlations, phi = .20, p < 0,01; across subdomains (phi = .10, p < 0,01); partial agreement among children with the same caregiver (ICC = .43, p < .001) and correlation between ACE and depression (predictive validity; r = .35, p < .001); (c) information on the timing of the adversities ("last year" in addition to "ever") modestly improved the predictive value of the ACE-IQ in models of depression (from R2 = .12 to .15, p < .001); and (d) additional HIV-related questions showed low endorsement and a modest correlation with BDI (r = .25, p < 0,01). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the ACE-IQ is appropriate for use among adolescents from a low-income context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kidman
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, HSC Level 3, Stony Brook University (State University of New York), Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
| | - Dylan Smith
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, HSC Level 3, Stony Brook University (State University of New York), Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Luciane R Piccolo
- Program in Public Health, HSC Level 3, Stony Brook University (State University of New York), Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Hans-Peter Kohler
- Department of Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk (272 McNeil Building), Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen X, Zeng C, Gong C, Zhang L, Wan Y, Tao F, Sun Y. Associations between early life parent-child separation and shortened telomere length and psychopathological outcomes during adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 103:195-202. [PMID: 30711896 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the ethical limitations of exposing children to experimentally manipulated adverse experiences, evidence of the effects of parent-child separation on subsequent psychopathology are based mostly on animal studies. Left-behind children phenomenon resulting from rural-urban mobility in China offers unique "natural experiments" to explore the long-term physical and mental health consequences of parent-child separation in childhood. OBJECTIVE To test the associations between parent-child separation with telomere length (TL) and psychopathology during adolescence. METHOD A total of 710 adolescents (age: M = 16.86, SD = 1.52) were recruited from local schools in rural area of Fuyang, one of the top inland areas for outward migration in Anhui province, China. Parent-child separation was collected through face to face interview. The MacArthur Health & Behavior Questionnaire (HBQ) was used to assess internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure buccal TL. RESULTS Nearly 60% (399/695) of the participants experienced separation from both parents. Childhood or persistent separation from parents was associated with increased internalizing symptoms (childhood: β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.23; persistent: β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.31), increased externalizing symptoms (childhood: β = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.32; persistent: β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.35) and shorter telomere length (childhood: β = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.26, -0.05; persistent: β = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.22, -0.03). Shortened TL was estimated to explain 15.2% and 12.7% of the total effect of separation on internalizing and externalizing symptoms, while internalizing and externalizing symptoms explained 23.4% and 12.3% of the effect of separation on shortened TL. CONCLUSION Childhood and persistent parent-child separation, as experienced by rural left-behind children in China, associates with increased vulnerability for psychopathological symptoms and makers of cellular aging. The challenge for future research is to determine whether short telomere length is in fact a long-term consequence or an underlying vulnerability factor for future mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chenchen Zeng
- Fuyang Vocational Technical College, Fuyang, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chun Gong
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hurd D, Herrera M, Brant JM, Coombs NC, Arzubi E. Prospective, Open Trial of Adjunctive Triple Chronotherapy for the Acute Treatment of Depression in Adolescent Inpatients. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:20-27. [PMID: 30388037 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to explore the feasibility and proof of concept of triple chronotherapy (TCT) as a nonpharmacological adjunctive treatment in the acute management of depression in the adolescent population. METHODS Thirty-one adolescents with nonpsychotic moderate-to-severe depression were included in the study. The 4-day TCT intervention comprised one night of sleep deprivation followed by 3 days of sleep phase advancement and daily bright light therapy. Primary outcomes were feasibility and depression, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17). Secondary outcomes included severity of illness, anxiety, self-harm, insomnia, and suicidality. RESULTS Twenty-nine (94%) adolescents completed the 4-day TCT intervention. Twenty-six (84%) of the 31 enrolled patients experienced a reduction in depressive symptoms of at least 50% from baseline; 24 (77%) achieved remission, defined as a HAMD-17 score less than 8. The mean depression score was severe before the start of the intervention ( \documentclass{aastex}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{bm}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{pifont}\usepackage{stmaryrd}\usepackage{textcomp}\usepackage{portland, xspace}\usepackage{amsmath, amsxtra}\usepackage{upgreek}\pagestyle{empty}\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}\begin{document} $$\overline X$$ \end{document} = 21.8 ± 3.8) and dropped below the remission threshold by day 4 ( \documentclass{aastex}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{bm}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{pifont}\usepackage{stmaryrd}\usepackage{textcomp}\usepackage{portland, xspace}\usepackage{amsmath, amsxtra}\usepackage{upgreek}\pagestyle{empty}\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}\begin{document} $$\overline X$$ \end{document} = 4.4 ± 5.1; p < 0.001); the mean depression score was mild at 1 week (n = 17; \documentclass{aastex}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{bm}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{pifont}\usepackage{stmaryrd}\usepackage{textcomp}\usepackage{portland, xspace}\usepackage{amsmath, amsxtra}\usepackage{upgreek}\pagestyle{empty}\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}\begin{document} $$\overline X$$ \end{document} = 9.3 ± 5.2; p < 0.001) and 1 month (n = 10, \documentclass{aastex}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{bm}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{pifont}\usepackage{stmaryrd}\usepackage{textcomp}\usepackage{portland, xspace}\usepackage{amsmath, amsxtra}\usepackage{upgreek}\pagestyle{empty}\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}\begin{document} $$\overline X$$ \end{document} = 7.8 ± 5.2; p < 0.001). Severity of illness scores according to the Clinical Global Impressions severity subscale improved from a mean of 5.3 at baseline to 3.1 following the TCT intervention (p < 0.0001); the effect was sustained through the 1-week postdischarge and the 1-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes showed significant improvement following the 4-day TCT intervention; improvement was sustained through the 1-week and 1-month follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study determined TCT to be a feasible, safe, rapid, and potentially effective adjunctive treatment for depression in the adolescent population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Hurd
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Billings Clinic , Billings, Montana
| | - Mariela Herrera
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Billings Clinic , Billings, Montana
| | - Jeannine M Brant
- 2 Collaborative Science & Innovation, Billings Clinic , Billings, Montana
| | - Nicholas C Coombs
- 2 Collaborative Science & Innovation, Billings Clinic , Billings, Montana
| | - Eric Arzubi
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Billings Clinic , Billings, Montana
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alaazi DA, Salami B, Yohani S, Vallianatos H, Okeke-Ihejirika P, Nsaliwa C. Transnationalism, parenting, and child disciplinary practices of African immigrants in Alberta, Canada. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 86:147-157. [PMID: 30292095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Child discipline remains a topic of public health interest across the globe. Despite this enduring interest, very little is known about the child disciplinary practices of African immigrants in Canada. This paper explores the disciplinary practices of African immigrant parents in Alberta, a Canadian province with a recent surge in the population of African immigrants. Employing a critical ethnographic methodology, informed by transnational theory, we collected data through in-depth qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of African community leaders (n = 14), African immigrant parents (n = 32), policymakers (n = 2), and health and immigrant settlement workers (n = 10). As members of the African immigrant community, we were deeply immersed in the research settings, which afforded us the opportunity to collect pertinent observational data in the form of reflexive notes. Thematic analysis of the data revealed child disciplinary approaches that incorporate Canadian and African parenting practices, as well as practices that appear somewhat unique to this demographic. We found that African immigrant parents used corporal discipline, persuasive discipline, and a hybrid of the two, as well as emerging practices involving transnational fostering and emotional isolation of children who persistently misbehaved. These practices, in their totality, appeared to be influenced by the transnational experiences of parents and precepts that are traceable to Canada's legal and educational systems. We present theoretical, policy, and service implications of our findings, including a recommendation to incorporate sociocultural dimensions of child discipline into Canadian child welfare policies and practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A Alaazi
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Bukola Salami
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Sophie Yohani
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Helen Vallianatos
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ondenge K, Khalil G, Odero I, Ford DC, Thompson WW, Awuonda E, Omoro T, Gust DA. Factors associated with psychological distress among members of HIV discordant couples in western Kenya: the role of adverse childhood experiences. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.29392/joghr.2.e2018018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|