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Choi KR, Bravo L, La Charite J, Cardona E, Elliott T, James KF, Wisk LE, Dunn EC, Saadi A. Associations between positive childhood experiences (PCEs), discrimination, and internalizing/externalizing in pre-adolescents. Acad Pediatr 2024:S1876-2859(24)00275-4. [PMID: 39004299 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the relationships between four types of perceived discrimination (based on race/ethnicity, nationality/country of origin, gender identity, weight/body size), individually and cumulatively; positive childhood experiences (PCEs); and behavioral symptoms among pre-adolescent youth. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a US-based cohort study of pre-adolescent youth in the United States (N=10915). Our outcome was emotional/behavioral symptoms measured by the Child Behavior Checklist. Primary exposures were four types of discrimination, a count of 0-5 PCEs, and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between perceived discrimination and clinical-range behavioral symptoms, including the role of PCEs and ACEs. RESULTS Weight discrimination was the most frequent exposure (n=643, 5.9%). Race and weight perceived discrimination were associated with clinical-range externalizing and internalizing symptoms, respectively, but these associations were nonsignificant once other ACEs were added to models. Cumulative discrimination was associated with clinical-range CBCL scores, even when accounting for other ACEs (aOR=1.47, 95% CI=1.2-1.8). PCEs slightly reduced the strength of this relationship and were independently associated with reduced symptoms (aOR=0.82, 95% CI= 0.72-0.93). CONCLUSIONS Results of this national study suggest cumulative discrimination can exert emotional/behavioral health harm among youth. PCEs were independently associated with reduced behavioral symptoms. There is a need for further research on how to prevent discrimination and bolster PCEs by targeting upstream social inequities in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Choi
- School of Nursing, UCLA, 700 Tiverton Ave Los Angeles CA 90095; Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
| | - Lilian Bravo
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 1100 Glendon Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90024
| | - Jaime La Charite
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | - Thomas Elliott
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 1100 Glendon Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90024
| | | | - Lauren E Wisk
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 1100 Glendon Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90024
| | - Erin C Dunn
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114; Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, 50 Church Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Altaf Saadi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115
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Almeida TC, Cardoso J, Matos AF, Murça A, Cunha O. Adverse childhood experiences and aggression in adulthood: The moderating role of positive childhood experiences. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106929. [PMID: 38968757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a significant impact on a person's psychological development and predispose them to various harmful consequences in adulthood, such as different forms of aggression. Contrarily, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) operate as protective factors, buffering against the adverse effects of ACEs and promoting adaptive behaviors and psychological well-being. However, the role of PCEs in the relationship between ACEs and aggression remains relatively unexplored. OBJECTIVE To explore the moderation role of PCEs in the relationship between ACEs and aggression and its different components across sexes in a community sample. METHODS A sample of 1541 Portuguese adults answered an online protocol with a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale, the Childhood History Questionnaire, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. RESULTS ACEs were positively correlated with aggression, including physical and verbal aggression, anger, and hostility, with women reporting a higher prevalence of ACEs and higher levels of anger. Men revealed higher scores in physical and verbal aggression. Furthermore, moderation analyses clarified the moderating effect of PCEs on the relationship between ACEs and aggression in women and between ACEs and anger in both sexes. PCEs attenuate the adverse impact of ACEs, reducing aggression and anger levels. CONCLUSIONS This study stresses the complex interplay between childhood experiences and adult aggression, highlighting the differential effects of ACEs and PCEs across men and women. By clarifying these dynamics, interventions can be tailored to bolster protective factors like PCEs. This will ultimately foster healthier developmental trajectories and reduce the prevalence of aggression in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Catarina Almeida
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; LabPSI - Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Cardoso
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; LabPSI - Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Murça
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Olga Cunha
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Porto, Portugal
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Bhargav M, Swords L. Two Sides of the Coin: The Roles of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Positive Childhood Experiences in College Students' Mental Health. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2507-2525. [PMID: 38110411 PMCID: PMC11071601 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231220018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have established a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health issues in college students. However, less is known about how positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may promote mental health and well-being, and potentially act as a buffer in the relationship between risk exposure and poor outcomes. This study investigates how ACEs and PCEs relate to college students' mental health (N = 321), within the framework of Resiliency Theory with specific attention focus on the compensatory and the protective factors models. Three key hypotheses were examined using quantitative data collected by way of an online anonymous survey: (1) ACEs will predict poorer mental health outcomes; (2) PCEs will predict better mental health outcomes and will lessen the negative effects of ACEs on mental health outcomes (compensatory factor model), and (3) PCEs will moderate the association between ACEs and mental health outcomes so that the relationship will be weaker among participants with higher PCEs (protective factor model). Findings supported each of these hypotheses and are important for our understanding of the long-term mental health correlates of ACEs and PCEs among college students. Our study underscores the importance of promoting PCEs while also underscoring the necessity of proactively preventing ACEs. Practical implications are discussed in relation to improving assessments of student needs and providing targeted interventions for those at risk.
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Nowak J, Nikendei C, Rollmann I, Orth M, Friederich HC, Kindermann D. Examining childhood experiences and personality functioning as potential predictors for the speed of recovery during psychotherapy of patients with anxiety disorders. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1381105. [PMID: 38784161 PMCID: PMC11112343 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences were previously identified as relevant risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders. Furthermore, anxiety disorders were shown to be associated with impairments of personality functioning. The objective of this study was to investigate adverse and protective childhood experiences as well as personality functioning, as defined by the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis system, as potential predictors for the speed of recovery during psychotherapy for patients with anxiety disorders. Methods The sample consisted of n = 312 completed psychotherapies. The speed of recovery, defined as symptom abatement over time, was calculated using a two-stage hierarchical linear model. The effects of adverse and protective childhood experiences as well as personality functioning on the speed of recovery during psychotherapy were then examined using a structural equation model. Results The presence of adverse childhood experiences predicted a lower speed of recovery during psychotherapy. In addition, a higher number of adverse childhood experiences was associated with greater impairments in the abilities of perception and regulation as dimensions of personality functioning. A higher number of protective childhood experiences was associated with fewer impairments in the communication and attachment dimensions. Impairments in personality functioning in patients with anxiety disorders did not predict the speed of recovery during psychotherapy. Conclusions Among patients with anxiety disorders, adverse childhood experiences lead to a lower speed of recovery during psychotherapy. Therefore, childhood adversity should be routinely assessed before and thoroughly addressed during psychotherapy in patients with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Nowak
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZPG (German Centre for Mental Health – Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim/Ulm), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nikendei
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZPG (German Centre for Mental Health – Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim/Ulm), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivo Rollmann
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Orth
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZPG (German Centre for Mental Health – Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim/Ulm), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Kindermann
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZPG (German Centre for Mental Health – Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim/Ulm), Heidelberg, Germany
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Miguel-Alvaro A, Messman BA, Weiss NH, Contractor AA. Do childhood experiences influence associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and positive autobiographical memories among military veteran students? An exploratory study. Memory 2024; 32:540-551. [PMID: 38727529 PMCID: PMC11262963 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2348685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence links posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and features of positive autobiographical memories (accessibility, vividness, coherence, sharing, emotional intensity, distancing). There is a knowledge gap on how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) may influence these relationships. OBJECTIVES The current study explored whether the number ACEs or BCEs moderated associations between PTSD symptom severity and features of positive autobiographical memories. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample included 124 student military veterans who had experienced a trauma (Mage = 33.90; 77.4% male; 75.0% White). RESULTS Path analyses showed more PTSD symptom severity was significantly associated with less positive autobiographical memory vividness (β = -0.26, p = .019, R2 = 0.06). Further, the number of ACEs moderated the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and positive autobiographical memory accessibility (β = -0.25, p = .023, R2 = 0.10) and vividness (β = -0.20, p = .024, R2 = 0.10). Among individuals with more ACEs (1 SD above the mean) compared to those with fewer ACEs (1 SD below the mean), less accessibility and vividness of positive autobiographical memories was associated with greater PTSD symptom severity. The number of BCEs was not a significant moderator. CONCLUSIONS Positive memory-based interventions may be particularly useful to address PTSD symptoms among military veterans with a history of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett A Messman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Nicole H Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Denhard L, Brown C, Kanagasabai U, Thorsen V, Kambona C, Kamagate F, Ramphalla P, Benevides R, Kamami M, McOwen J, Augusto A, Manuel P, Coomer R, Matthews S, Patel P, Annor FB. Service-seeking behaviors among male victims of violence in five African countries: The effects of positive and adverse childhood experiences. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 150:106452. [PMID: 37704546 PMCID: PMC11244758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against boys and men is widely under-reported. Boys and men face unique and gendered barriers to accessing services following experiences of violence. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study is a secondary data analysis of five nationally representative population-based Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys (VACS) conducted in Kenya (2019), Côte d'Ivoire (2018), Lesotho (2018), Mozambique (2019), and Namibia (2019). Analysis was limited to males between 18 and 24 years who experienced lifetime physical or sexual violence. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We analyzed the association between positive and adverse childhood experiences (PCEs and ACEs), and seeking post-violence services among males using bivariate chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS 8.02 % (5.55-10.50 %) of male victims between the ages of 18 and 24 sought services for any lifetime physical or sexual violence. Witnessing interparental violence and experiencing death of one or both parents were each associated with increased odds of having sought post-violence services (aOR 2.43; 95 % CI: 1.25-4.79; aOR 2.27; 95 % CI: 1.14-4.50), controlling for education, violence frequency, and violence type. High parental monitoring was associated with increased odds of service seeking (aOR 1.79; 95 % CI: 1.02-3.16), while strong father-child relationship was associated with lower odds (aOR 0.45; 95 % CI: 0.23-0.89). CONCLUSION These findings contribute to limited research on service-seeking behaviors among men and boys. While some parent-youth relationship factors were associated with higher odds of service-seeking, the outcome remained rare. Age and gender-related barriers should be addressed where post-violence care services are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langan Denhard
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Colvette Brown
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Viva Thorsen
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Caroline Kambona
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kenya
| | - Fathim Kamagate
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Puleng Ramphalla
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lesotho
| | - Regina Benevides
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mwikali Kamami
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jordan McOwen
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mozambique
| | | | - Pedro Manuel
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mozambique
| | - Rachel Coomer
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Namibia
| | - Sarah Matthews
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Pragna Patel
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Francis B Annor
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
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Şanli ME, Çiçek İ, Yıldırım M, Çeri V. Positive childhood experiences as predictors of anxiety and depression in a large sample from Turkey. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104170. [PMID: 38301406 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive childhood experiences positively influence one's adult life, while the absence of such positive experiences can potentially yield mental health problems throughout the lifespan. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of positive childhood experiences on depression and anxiety levels. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 3090 (2059 women) young adults participated in this research. They ranged in age between 18 and 68 years (M = 28.78, SD = 9.44) and completed the self-report measures including the Positive Childhood Experiences Scale, Beck Depression and Anxiety Scales and Personal Information Forms. METHOD A cross-sectional research design was used to collect the data through social media platforms. We conducted a regression analysis to examine how positive childhood experiences contribute to depression and anxiety. RESULTS The results of correlation analysis indicated that positive childhood experiences were significantly negatively related to depression and anxiety. Regression analysis revealed that positive childhood experiences explained a significant amount of variance in the prediction of depression (10 %) and anxiety (8 %) after controlling for demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the frequency of positive experiences lived during childhood might significantly reduce anxiety and depression, and positive childhood experiences might positively affect them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - İlhan Çiçek
- Health College, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey; Department of Social and Educational Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Veysi Çeri
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
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Qu G, Liu H, Han T, Zhang H, Ma S, Sun L, Qin Q, Chen M, Zhou X, Sun Y. Association between adverse childhood experiences and sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and academic achievement of children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:527-538. [PMID: 36869931 PMCID: PMC9985439 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adult health has been extensively examined, but the association between ACEs and sleep, emotion, behavior and academic outcomes of children and adolescents is not well known. A total of 6363 primary and middle school students were included to examine the effect of ACEs on sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and academic achievement and further explore the mediation role of sleep quality and emotional and behavioral problems. Children and adolescents with ACE exposure had 1.37 times risk of poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.55), 1.91 times risk of emotional and behavioral problems (adjusted OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.69-2.15) and 1.21 times risk of self-reported lower academic achievement (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.08-1.36). Most types of ACEs were significantly associated with poor sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and lower academic achievement. There were dose-response relationships between cumulative ACE exposure and risk of poor sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems, and lower academic achievement. Sleep quality and emotional and behavioral performance mediated 45.9% of the effect of ACEs exposure on math scores and 15.2% of the effect of ACEs exposure on English scores. Early detection and prevention of ACEs among children and adolescents are urgent and essential, and targeted interventions for sleep and emotional and behavioral performance as well as early educational interventions are recommended for children with ACEs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.19, Zhongnan Avenue, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Qirong Qin
- Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.849, Jiangdong Avenue, Ma'anshan, 243000, Anhui, China
| | - Mingchun Chen
- Changfeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changfeng, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China.
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Samji H, Long D, Herring J, Correia R, Maloney J. Positive childhood experiences serve as protective factors for mental health in pandemic-era youth with adverse childhood experiences. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024:106640. [PMID: 38278687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict poorer mental health across the life course, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) predict better mental health. It is unclear whether PCEs protect against poor mental health outcomes and promote mental well-being in pandemic-era adolescents with ACEs. METHODS We examined the individual and joint contributions of ACEs and PCEs to mental health and well-being (MHW) in eleventh-grade British Columbian adolescents (N = 8864) during the fifth wave of COVID-19. We used a novel measure of ACEs that included community- and societal-level ACEs in addition to ACEs experienced at home to investigate the role of social and structural determinants of mental health in supporting the MHW of pandemic-era adolescents. A series of two-way ANCOVAs were conducted comparing MHW outcomes between adolescents with and without ACEs. Interaction effects were examined to investigate whether PCEs moderated the association between ACEs and MHW. RESULTS Adolescents with no ACEs had significantly better MHW than those with one or more ACE. Having six or more PCEs was associated with better MHW in adolescents with and without ACEs. PCEs significantly moderated the association between ACEs and depression. Effect sizes were larger for PCEs than ACEs in relation to depression, mental well-being, and life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS PCEs may protect against depression among adolescents with ACEs and promote MHW among all pandemic-era adolescents. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing social determinants of mental health to mitigate the impact of ACEs and promote PCEs as part of a public health approach to MHW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasina Samji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada; Population and Public Health Division, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4, Canada.
| | - David Long
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317 - 2194, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Jillian Herring
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Rachel Correia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Jacqueline Maloney
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada.
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Wu MH, Chiao C, Lin WH. Adverse childhood experience and persistent insomnia during emerging adulthood: do positive childhood experiences matter? BMC Public Health 2024; 24:287. [PMID: 38267852 PMCID: PMC10809570 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been documented to have long-term impacts on sleep disturbances. However, less is known about how ACE co-occurs with positive childhood experiences (PCE) and modulate their effects on adult sleep disturbances, particularly in the context of persistent insomnia. Building on resilience theory, this study aims to examine the interplay between ACE and PCE and their effects on persistent insomnia during emerging adulthood. METHODS A total of 2,841 emerging adults were recruited from the Taiwan Youth Project. Persistent insomnia during emerging adulthood was assessed using two adult surveys (mean age = 19.8 and 21.9). The ACE (10 items) and PCE (7 items) were obtained from the baseline survey (mean age = 13.8). A series of logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Among the emerging adults, 29.22% had persistent insomnia. Consistent with the compensatory model, ACE and PCE exerted opposing effects on persistent insomnia during emerging adulthood. In line with the protective model, the negative effect of ACE is mitigated when individuals have high PCE. However, consistent with the challenge model, the protective effect of PCE on persistent insomnia was inhibited in individuals with four or more ACE. CONCLUSIONS PCE serves as a protective factor, shielding emerging adults from the adverse effects of ACE on persistent insomnia. It is essential to prioritize positive experiences during early life to promote lifelong sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou Dist, 112304, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi Chiao
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou Dist, 112304, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou Dist, 112304, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsu Lin
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou Dist, 112304, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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11
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Spesia F, Swigonski N, White C, Fox MD, Enneking B. Leveraging Public Health and Public School Partnerships for Local Surveillance of Positive Childhood Experiences. Public Health Rep 2024:333549231223707. [PMID: 38264950 DOI: 10.1177/00333549231223707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood psychosocial experiences can have a lifelong effect on health. These experiences can be measured together as positive and adverse childhood experiences or individually as positive childhood experiences (PCEs) or adverse childhood experiences. Most research on PCEs has focused on how PCEs promote health outcomes. However, limited research has been conducted on the prevalence of PCEs among adolescents in local areas served by public health departments. The St. Joseph County Department of Health developed a study to test the feasibility of surveillance of PCEs through local public health departments and to establish a prevalence for PCE exposure among a population of urban public-school students in Indiana. We conducted a survey in spring 2022 that collected demographic information on students at 2 high schools and 1 middle school and assessed exposure to PCEs. We assessed prevalence of PCEs on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = sometimes, 3 = usually, 4 = always). PCE scores were grouped into low (0-2), medium (3-5), and high (6 or 7). The prevalence of individual PCE items ranged from 35.6% to 86.8%. Among 798 respondents, 189 (23.7%) reported low PCE scores, 396 (49.6%) reported medium scores, and 213 (26.7%) reported high scores. This research demonstrates the feasibility of school-based PCE surveillance and establishes a baseline prevalence of PCE exposure among a population of middle and high school students. These methods are applicable to different contexts and can provide both local health departments and school systems with a new tool to address adverse childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Spesia
- Department of Health, St. Joseph County, South Bend, IN, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Nancy Swigonski
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cassy White
- Department of Health, St. Joseph County, South Bend, IN, USA
- Beacon Health System, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Mark D Fox
- Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Brett Enneking
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Yoon J, Kim A(J, Wilson JM, Yamin JB, Schreiber KL, Edwards RR, Cornelius MC, Campbell CM, Smith MT, Haythornthwaite JA, Sieberg CB, Meints SM. A preliminary examination of the effects of childhood abuse and resilience on pain and physical functioning in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Scand J Pain 2024; 24:sjpain-2023-0122. [PMID: 38842279 PMCID: PMC11245962 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2023-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined associations of a self-reported history of childhood abuse with pain and physical functioning in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) awaiting total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We also explored the potential moderating effects of positive childhood experiences (PCEs), an index of resilience, on these associations. METHODS Prior to TKA, participants with KOA awaiting surgery (N = 239) completed self-report measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), PCEs, pain, and physical functioning. We evaluated associations of pain and physical functioning (Brief Pain Inventory [BPI] and Western Ontario and McMaster University of Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]) based on the experience of ACEs (childhood abuse), with PCEs (childhood happiness and supportive parental care) as potential moderators. RESULTS Greater exposure to childhood abuse was positively correlated with BPI pain interference as well as WOMAC pain and functioning scores. Additionally, childhood happiness and supportive parental care moderated the positive associations of childhood abuse with pain and physical functioning; though, surprisingly, the adverse effects of childhood abuse on these outcomes were more pronounced among participants with high levels of childhood happiness and supportive parental care. CONCLUSION Overall, results show an association between a self-reported history of childhood abuse and pain and functioning in patients with KOA awaiting TKA. However, PCEs did not protect against the negative consequences of childhood abuse in our cohort. Further research is needed to validate these associations and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between childhood abuse and PCEs and their potential influences on pain experiences in adults with chronic pain conditions, including KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiHee Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, 850 Boylston Street, Suite 308H, Chestnut Hill, Boston, MA 02467, United States of America
| | - Ayeong (Jenny) Kim
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jenna M. Wilson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jolin B. Yamin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kristin L. Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Marise C. Cornelius
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Claudia M. Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Haythornthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Christine B. Sieberg
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Samantha M. Meints
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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13
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Hawes DJ, Allen JL. A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Introduction to the Special Issue. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1715-1723. [PMID: 37421507 PMCID: PMC10661772 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including child maltreatment and other adversities in the home context and beyond (e.g., witnessing domestic violence; parental mental illness; parental separation; living in a disadvantaged neighborhood) are prevalent in the population and often covary together. Research based on the construct of ACEs has transformed the field of adult mental health, yet child and adolescent mental health has often been overlooked in this work. This special issue of Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology focuses on the developmental science of ACEs and child psychopathology. The research presented here draws on the extensive evidence base that now exists regarding the co-occurrence of common childhood adversities, while informing the integration of theory and research on ACEs with that of developmental psychopathology at large. This Introduction provides an overview of ACEs and child mental health from a developmental psychopathology perspective, with an emphasis on key concepts and recent progress spanning the prenatal period through to adolescence and intergenerational pathways. Models of ACEs that emphasize the multi-dimensional nature of adversity and the importance of developmental timing to risk and protective pathways, have played a driving role in this progress. Methodological innovations in this work are highlighted, along with implications for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Rhodes CA, Thomas N, O'Hara KL, Hita L, Blake A, Wolchik SA, Fisher B, Freeman M, Chen D, Berkel C. Enhancing the Focus: How Does Parental Incarceration Fit into the Overall Picture of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs)? Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1933-1944. [PMID: 37875642 PMCID: PMC11008286 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the five million children in the U.S. with an incarcerated parent, there is limited research on risk and protective factors for this population. We analyzed data from the National Survey for Children's Health (2018) to: (1) examine associations among parental incarceration and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), (2) characterize the association between parental incarceration and youth mental health outcomes, (3) examine differences in positive childhood experiences (PCEs; collective socialization, community engagement, neighborhood amenities, and family problem solving) by parental incarceration status, (4) examine whether PCEs were protective against mental health problems and if there was an interaction with parental incarceration status, and (5) examine the interaction between PCEs, parental incarceration, and ACEs on mental health problems. Results revealed that children with incarcerated parents had higher odds of experiencing other ACEs, higher odds of having mental health problems, and experienced fewer PCEs compared to children without incarcerated parents. Further, although PCEs were associated with a lower odds of mental health problems for both children with and without incarcerated parents, they did not mitigate the negative impact of parental incarceration on mental health outcomes. While PCEs attenuated the association between ACEs and mental health, parental incarceration status did not significantly moderate the interaction. These results highlight vulnerabilities and potential protective factors for children with incarcerated parents and have important implications for the development of multilevel intervention strategies that seek to promote resilience and reduce risk for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Thomas
- Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | | | - L Hita
- Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - A Blake
- Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | | | - B Fisher
- Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - M Freeman
- Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - D Chen
- Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - C Berkel
- Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
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Al Omari O, Amandu G, Al-Adawi S, Shebani Z, Al Harthy I, Obeidat A, Al Dameery K, Al Qadire M, Al Hashmi I, Al Khawldeh A, ALBashtawy M, Aljezawi M. The lived experience of Omani adolescents and young adults with mental illness: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294856. [PMID: 38011180 PMCID: PMC10681192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently limited knowledge about the firsthand experiences of adolescents and young adults with mental health problems and the meanings they ascribe to these experiences, particularly within Arab countries. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the lived experience of Omani adolescents and young adults with a mental health problem. A sample of 15 participants aged 13-22 diagnosed with a range of mental health problems took part in the study. A qualitative interview guide consisting of open-ended questions was used to allow participants to speak in-depth about their experiences. Using the thematic analysis approach to uncover patterns in the data, three major themes emerged: "living in darkness", "perilous journey" and "uncertain future". Results show that the progress of adolescents and young adults with mental health problems is characterized by several challenges; the most significant of which is having insufficient knowledge about their illness, leading to unnecessary delays in their treatment. These findings shed light on the breadth and depth of the experience of adolescents and young adults with mental health problems and lay the groundwork for further examinations. Implications lie in the development of approaches for preventing or mitigating difficulties faced by adolescents and young adults with mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Omari
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- College of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Gerald Amandu
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Zubaida Shebani
- College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Arwa Obeidat
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Mohammad Al Qadire
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Iman Al Hashmi
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | - Maen Aljezawi
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
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Zhang X, Bruening M, Ojinnaka CO. Food insecurity is inversely associated with positive childhood experiences among a nationally representative sample of children aged 0-17 years in the USA. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2355-2365. [PMID: 37548184 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002300143x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association between food insecurity and positive childhood experiences (PCE). DESIGN Outcome measure was number of PCE and seven PCE constructs. Food insecurity was assessed with a three-category measure that ascertained whether the respondent could afford and choose to eat nutritious food. We then used bivariate and multivariable Poisson and logistic regressions to analyse the relationship between food insecurity and the outcome measures. The analyses were further stratified by age (≤ 5, 6-11 and 12-17 years). SETTING The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) from 2017 to 2020, a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents in the USA. PARTICIPANTS Parents/caregivers who reported on their children's experiences of PCE and food insecurity from the 2017-2020 NSCH (n 114 709). RESULTS Descriptively, 22·13 % of respondents reported mild food insecurity, while 3·45 % of respondents reported moderate to severe food insecurity. On multivariable Poisson regression analyses, there was a lower rate of PCE among children who experienced mild (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0·93; 95 % CI 0·92, 0·94) or moderate/severe food insecurity (IRR = 0·84; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·86) compared with those who were food secure. We found an inverse relationship between food insecurity and rate of PCE across all age categories. CONCLUSIONS Our study finding lends evidence to support that interventions, public health programmes, as well as public health policies that reduce food insecurity among children and adolescents may be associated with an increase in PCE. Longitudinal and intervention research are needed to examine the mechanistic relationship between food insecurity and PCE across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ85004, USA
| | - Meg Bruening
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn Stata College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chinedum O Ojinnaka
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ85004, USA
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17
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Wakuta M, Nishimura T, Osuka Y, Tsukui N, Takahashi M, Adachi M, Suwa T, Katayama T. Adverse childhood experiences: impacts on adult mental health and social withdrawal. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1277766. [PMID: 37954050 PMCID: PMC10639139 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1277766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been found to negatively impact adult mental health outcomes. Numerous studies have highlighted on ACEs in family and community settings. However, few have examined the impact of ACEs in school settings, despite the potential influence on social participation. Hikikomori, characterized by severe social withdrawal, was first studied in Japan and has gained recognition in recent years. The present study aims to present the concept of ACEs specific to schools and investigate the impact of both school ACEs and traditional ACEs on adult mental health and Hikikomori. Methods A total of 4,000 Japanese adults, aged 20-34, were recruited through an Internet survey form. All data were obtained in October 2021. Participants answered questions regarding their ACEs in the family (10 items), school ACEs (five teacher-related items and two bullying-related items), depressive/anxiety symptoms, and Hikikomori (remaining at home for more than 6 months). Results A significant association with depressive/anxiety symptoms was shown in both ACEs and school ACEs. An increase of one point in the ACE scores was associated with a 24% increase in the risk of depressive/anxiety symptoms. School ACE scores also demonstrated a significant association with depressive/anxiety symptoms, with an increase of one point associated with a 44% increase in the risk of these symptoms. As for Hikikomori, a significant association was shown in the school ACEs only: a 29% increased risk of Hikikomori for every one-point increase in school ACE scores. Both school ACE scores for teacher-related and bullying-related factors revealed a significant association with Hikikomori; the rates of increased risk were 23 and 37%, respectively. Conclusion These results suggest that school ACEs, rather than ACEs in the family, are associated with the risk of Hikikomori. School ACEs are important for social adaptation, and reducing traumatic experiences in school settings may have the potential to prevent problems in later life, specifically in terms of social participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Wakuta
- Research Department, Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Hamamatsu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Department, Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuko Osuka
- Research Department, Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tsukui
- Research Department, Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Michio Takahashi
- Research Department, Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Adachi
- Research Department, Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Meiji Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Suwa
- Research Department, Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taiichi Katayama
- Research Department, Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Hamamatsu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Pugh SJ, Murray C, Groenewald CB. Positive Childhood Experiences and Chronic Pain Among Children and Adolescents in the United States. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1193-1202. [PMID: 36775002 PMCID: PMC10330007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) are associated with better mental and physical health outcomes and moderate the negative effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, knowledge of the associations between PCEs and childhood chronic pain is limited. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2019 to 2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to evaluate associations between PCEs and childhood chronic pain. Parents of 47,514 children ages 6 to 17 years old reported on their child's exposure to 7 PCEs and 9 ACEs. Associations between PCEs and chronic pain were evaluated using weighted, multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic factors. We found that PCEs had dose-dependent associations with pediatric chronic pain; children exposed to higher numbers of PCEs (5-7 PCEs) had the lowest reported rate of chronic pain (7.1%), while children exposed to 2 or fewer PCEs had the highest rate of chronic pain (14.7%). The adjusted analysis confirmed that children experiencing 5 to 7 PCEs had significantly lower odds of chronic pain relative to children experiencing 0 to 2 PCEs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): .47, 95% confidence interval (CI): .39-.61, P < .0001). PCEs moderated associations between ACEs and chronic pain: among children reporting 2 or more ACEs, those reporting 5 to 7 PCEs were significantly less likely to report chronic pain as compared to children only reporting 0 to 2 PCEs (aOR: .64, 95%CI: .45-.89, P = .009). In conclusion, children with greater PCEs exposure had lower prevalence rates of chronic pain. Furthermore, PCEs was associated with reduced prevalence of chronic pain among children exposed to ACEs. PERSPECTIVE: This article estimates associations between survey-measured PCEs and pediatric chronic pain among children in the United States. Promoting PCEs could improve pediatric pain outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Pugh
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Caitlin Murray
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cornelius B Groenewald
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.
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Bunting L, McCartan C, Davidson G, Grant A, Mulholland C, Schubotz D, Hamill R, McBride O, Murphy J, Nolan E, Shevlin M. The influence of adverse and positive childhood experiences on young people's mental health and experiences of self-harm and suicidal ideation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106159. [PMID: 37028255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the interaction of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs) with mental health outcomes in nationally representative European populations. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to test models of resilience through investigating associations between ACEs and PCEs and young people's risk of common mood and anxiety disorders, self-harm and suicidal ideation. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were from the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey (NIYWS), a stratified random probability household survey conducted between June 2019 and March 2020. Analysis is based on data from adolescents aged 11-19 years (n = 1299). METHOD Logistic regression was used to test the direct effects of ACEs and PCEs on mental health outcomes and the moderating effect of PCEs at different levels of ACE exposure. RESULTS Prevalence rates of mental health outcomes were: common mood and anxiety disorders (16 %); self-harm (10 %); suicidal ideation (12 %). ACEs and PCEs both independently predicted common mood and anxiety disorders, self-harm and suicidal ideation. Every additional ACE increased the likelihood of a common mood and anxiety disorder (81 %), self-harm (88 %) and suicidal ideation (88 %). Every additional PCE reduced common mood and anxiety disorders (14 %), self-harm (13 %) and suicidal ideation (7 %). There was no moderating effect of PCEs on ACEs and mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that PCEs act largely independently of ACEs and that initiatives to increase PCEs can assist in the prevention of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bunting
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Claire McCartan
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gavin Davidson
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Anne Grant
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ciaran Mulholland
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Dirk Schubotz
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ryan Hamill
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Orla McBride
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jamie Murphy
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Emma Nolan
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Shevlin
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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20
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Elmore AL, Crouch E. Anxiety, Depression, and Adverse Childhood Experiences: An Update on Risks and Protective Factors Among Children and Youth. Acad Pediatr 2023; 23:720-721. [PMID: 36464157 PMCID: PMC10164672 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Elmore
- College of Public Health (AL Elmore), University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.
| | - Elizabeth Crouch
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center (E Crounch), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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21
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Tan M, Mao P. Type and dose-response effect of adverse childhood experiences in predicting depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106091. [PMID: 36787671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adverse long-term consequences for mental health, including increased risk for depression. However, the type and dose-response effects of ACE on depression risk need further exploration. OBJECTIVE We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the relationship between ACEs measured by ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and depression in type and quantity. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Individuals with ACEs. METHODS A systematic search was carried out of all published articles, up to November 2022, in eight electronic databases. Fixed- and random-effect models and dose-response were used. RESULTS Exposure to ACEs, including household dysfunction, was associated with a higher risk of depression (ORs ranged from 1.34 to 3.17). The numbers of ACE acted as a nonlinear predictor of depression. CONCLUSIONS These analyses provided important evidence that ACEs, regardless of type or quantity, may be a risk factor for depression development. Prevention of ACEs and interventions for supporting those affected by ACEs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tan
- Nursing Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ping Mao
- Nursing Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Nursing of Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, China.
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Wiss DA, Prelip ML, Upchurch DM, von Ehrenstein OS, Tomiyama AJ, Gorbach PM, Shoptaw SJ. Association between Childhood Maltreatment and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Los Angeles. J Urban Health 2023; 100:327-340. [PMID: 36826734 PMCID: PMC9951846 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poor mental health outcomes in adulthood. Childhood maltreatment is related to both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Our objective was to investigate these associations among low-income, mostly Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM), as these may be a particularly vulnerable population group. Data come from a longitudinal study of MSM with varied substance use behaviors (n = 321) collected between August 2014 and April 2022. Cumulative, childhood maltreatment ACEs, and the single ACE of childhood sexual abuse were investigated as potential predictors of self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms in mixed-effects logistic and ordinal regression models. There was no evidence of a dose-response relationship between the number of ACEs and the predicted probability of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Compared to MSM reporting fewer than five ACEs, those with five or more ACEs had approximately double the odds ratio of reporting depressive (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.04-3.60) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.05-4.68). The dimension of childhood maltreatment had a more robust prediction of depressive symptoms than the dimension of household dysfunction across all models. The association between childhood sexual abuse history and depressive symptoms remained after adjustment for the other nine ACEs (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.11-4.68). The ordinal logistic model suggested that cumulative ACEs more than triple the odds of being in a higher anxiety category (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.58-6.14), with associations reported for childhood maltreatment ACEs (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.06-1.66) and childhood sexual abuse (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 0.89-4.21). Childhood maltreatment ACEs, particularly childhood sexual abuse, are salient predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among adult urban MSM. Mitigating the impact of childhood maltreatment requires understanding the additional burden of social distress often faced by MSM throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wiss
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Michael L Prelip
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dawn M Upchurch
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ondine S von Ehrenstein
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - A Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Steven J Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10880 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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23
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Xu H, Zhang X, Wang J, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Xu S, Wan Y, Tao F. Exploring associations of adverse childhood experiences with patterns of 11 health risk behaviors in Chinese adolescents: focus on gender differences. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:26. [PMID: 36803389 PMCID: PMC9940075 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at increased risk for health-compromising behaviors. However, few studies have investigated how ACEs correlate with patterns of health risk behaviors (HRBs) during adolescence, a crucial developmental period. The aim was to extend the current knowledge about the relationship between ACEs and HRB patterns among adolescents, and to explore gender differences. METHODS A multi-centered population-based survey was conducted in 24 middle schools in three provinces across China between 2020 and 2021. A total of 16,853 adolescents effectively completed anonymous questionnaires covering exposure to eight ACE categories and 11 HRBs. Clusters were identified using latent class analysis. Logistic regression models were utilized to test the association between them. RESULTS There were four classes of HRB patterns: "Low all" (58.35%), "Unhealthy lifestyle" (18.23%), "Self-harm" (18.42%), and "High all" (5.0%). There were significant differences between HRB patterns in terms of the different numbers and types of ACEs in three logistic regression models. Specifically, compared to "Low all," different types of ACEs were positively associated with the three other HRB patterns, and there were significant trends toward increase in the three latent classes of HRBs with higher ACEs. In general, females with ACEs had a higher risk of "High all" except sexual abuse than males. CONCLUSION Our study comprehensively considers the association between ACEs and aggregation categories of HRBs. The results support efforts to improve clinical healthcare, and future work may explore protective factors based on individual, family, and peer education to mitigate the negative trajectory of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Xu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XKey Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XKey Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XKey Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Yang Xie
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XKey Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Yi Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XKey Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Shaojun Xu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XKey Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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24
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Hunt ET, Armstrong B, Beets MW, Turner-McGrievy G, Weaver RG. Interpersonal and Environmental Protective Factors and Their Associations With Children's Weight Status. J Prim Care Community Health 2023; 14:21501319231182304. [PMID: 37350438 PMCID: PMC10291400 DOI: 10.1177/21501319231182304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Both external structure (ie, participating in extracurricular activities) and family factors (ie, parental emotional support) have separately been linked with children's physical health and well-being, however, their combined effects are less well known. The current study examined the longitudinal associations between participating in structured out-of-school activities and parent reports of warmth/emotional support with children's weight status (ie, zBMI) over time. Utilizing longitudinal data from the United States-based Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010 to 2011 (ECLS-K:2011), we employed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a latent variable cross-lagged path analysis to examine if emotional supportiveness and participation in structured activities predicted lower zBMI over the course of 1 year. The final sample included 18 135 participants. Mean age of the participants was 8.12 years (±0.38 years), and 51% of children were male. Mean zBMI was 0.54 (±1.12). Structure at baseline predicted increased zBMI in year 2 (β = .03, P = .02) but did not predict parent emotional supportiveness at year 2 (β = -.05, P = .09). Parent emotional supportiveness at baseline predicted greater zBMI at year 2 (β = .02, P = <.01) but did not predict structure at year 2 (β = .02, P = .39). zBMI at baseline did not predict structure (β = .02, P = .25) or parent emotional supportiveness at year 2 (β = -.01, P = .55). Our findings were inconsistent with our hypothesis with regard to directionality. Continued refinement about the role of internal structure (ie, family, and parenting practices) may inform public health prevention strategies to support the well-being of children and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan T. Hunt
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX, USA
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25
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Yu Z, Wang L, Chen W, Zhang J, Bettencourt AF. Positive Childhood Experiences Associate with Adult Flourishing Amidst Adversity: A Cross Sectional Survey Study with a National Sample of Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14956. [PMID: 36429674 PMCID: PMC9690672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of PCEs among young adults in Mainland China and the extent to which the cumulative number of PCEs moderates the associations between ACEs and flourishing in adulthood. Between August and November 2020, we used convenience and snowball sampling to recruit 9468 young adults, ages 18-35, enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs at universities in Mainland China to participate in a survey, which included measures on flourishing, exposure to ACEs and PCEs, and demographic characteristics. Approximately 92% of participants reported experiencing seven to nine PCEs, with harmonious family relationships (96.9%), feeling supported by friends (96.8%) and being treated fairly at school (96.3%) being the most common PCEs reported. Results of the multiple regression indicated that the cumulative number of PCEs statistically significantly moderated the relation between the cumulative number of ACEs and flourishing (interaction term b = -0.060 [-0.071, -0.049], p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.183); as the number of ACEs increased up through eight ACEs, decreases in flourishing were smaller among those with higher numbers of PCEs. PCEs are common among young adults from Mainland China and serve a potential buffering effect against exposure to ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Children Hospital of China Welfare Institution, Departments of Nursing, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Amie F. Bettencourt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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