1
|
Schweitzer S, Sonnentag TL. Role of the Sibling Relationship to Reduce the Negative Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on Wellbeing in Adulthood. J Genet Psychol 2024; 185:256-271. [PMID: 38059321 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2284900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, public health research has demonstrated that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with significant and prolonged physical and mental health problems, demanding investigation into the factors that may mitigate the poor outcomes. One potential factor that may attenuate the negative impact of ACEs on individuals' health is social support. An important source of social support, both during and after adverse childhood experiences, is sibling relationships. Consequently, the purpose of the current study was to examine if two components of sibling relationships-perceived warmth and conflict-affect the relationship between ACEs and wellbeing in adulthood. A total of 439 participants (Mage = 35.06, SD = 11.19) completed self-report measures of their ACEs, their perceived warmth and conflict with a living sibling, and their wellbeing. Results revealed that sibling relationships characterized by higher perceived warmth-and, interestingly, higher perceived conflict-attenuated the negative impact of ACEs on wellbeing in adulthood. Findings from the current study provide valuable information about how psychologist, social workers, and other health professionals may use siblings as a source of social support to mitigate the negative effects of ACEs on wellbeing in adulthood.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan M, He Y, Wang F, Wen X, Tong Y, Zhu D, Wang G, Su P. Multi-level factors associated with psychological resilience in the face of adverse childhood experiences among Chinese early adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 153:106861. [PMID: 38797118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are pervasive and exert enduring negative effects on health throughout one's life. A better understanding of resilience among adolescents with ACEs exposure is crucial to enhance their mental health; however, comprehensive and multifaceted analyses of its associated factors are limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate multi-level correlates of psychological resilience in Chinese early adolescents exposed to ACEs. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING In a sample of 5724 middle school students, 65.5 % (n = 3749; 49.1 % females; Mage = 13.57, SD = 0.96) reported ACEs during their primary school period and were finally included in this study. METHOD Both linear regression and network models were conducted to explore correlates of capacity- and outcome-oriented resilience at the individual (i.e., five personality traits, emotional release, and loneliness), family (i.e., family support and relationships with the mother and father), and school levels (i.e., peer support, teacher support, and relationships with classmates and teachers). RESULTS Linear regression analysis revealed that all correlates were associated with capacity- (β ranged from -0.271 to 0.503, PFDR < 0.001 for all) and outcome-oriented resilience (β ranged from -0.516 to 0.229, PFDR < 0.001 for all). Similarly, network analysis revealed that neuroticism, conscientiousness, loneliness, emotional release, extraversion, and the relationship with the mother were directly associated with both capacity- (weights ranged from 0.029 to 0.179) and outcome-oriented resilience (weights ranged from 0.024 to 0.396). However, openness, peer and family support, and relationships with classmates and teachers were directly associated with capacity-oriented resilience (weights ranged from 0.020 to 0.201). CONCLUSIONS This study identified the shared and unique associated factors for capacity- and outcome-oriented resilience in the face of ACEs and demonstrated the complex interactions between these factors, which can guide tailored interventions to enhance resilience among Chinese early adolescents with ACEs exposure. Further longitudinal studies may endeavor to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuheng He
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dongxue Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benton M, Dicke R, Kapp JM. Interprofessional perspectives on ACEs: Results from a statewide interprofessional training program. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106911. [PMID: 38943769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are pervasive and well-recognized as having lasting deleterious effects on the physical and mental health of those who experience them, particularly with accumulated exposure. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to identify the perspectives of interprofessional health providers on their personal and professional experiences with ACEs, ACEs screening, how to work with people with ACEs, and make recommendations for the field. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Sixty-two health professionals and PhD students who completed at least one module of an online course and at least one of the accompanying discussion board sub-prompts. METHODS Responses to five course discussion board assignments, each with multiple sub-prompts, were coded to determine and refine major themes and merged with demographic and other background data. From the 561 responses, six themes were identified and used to analyze response patterns. RESULTS Twenty-nine percent of responses reflected a macro perspective on ACEs; 29 % of responses reflected workplace experiences; 28 % of responses reflected ACEs complexity, 8 % of responses reflected a personal relationship to ACEs, 3 % reflected perspectives on resilience; and 3 % were related to the course. Participants communicated complex understandings of ACEs, demonstrating the relevance and importance of the topic for public health training. CONCLUSIONS Integrating ACEs training into the practice setting provides opportunities to improve the health and lives of those suffering from ACEs, especially when incorporating provider voice and perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Benton
- Center for Health Policy, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, United States of America.
| | - Rachel Dicke
- Institute of Public Policy, Truman School of Government and Public Affairs, University of Missouri, United States of America
| | - Julie M Kapp
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren Y, Yang S, Peng Y, Liu A, Zhu Z. Retrospective ACEs predict complex PTSD symptoms in a large sample of Chinese young adults longitudinally: the moderating role of self-compassion. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:425. [PMID: 38844888 PMCID: PMC11155039 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study in Mainland China (2021-2022) explored the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms, with a focus on the role of self-compassion. Among 18,933 surveyed university students, 21.2% reported experiencing at least one ACE. Results revealed a clear relationship between ACEs and CPTSD symptoms. Furthermore, self-compassion, particularly the dimensions of self-judgment and isolation, moderated the association between retrospective ACEs and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disturbance in self-organization (DSO) symptoms. These findings highlight the enduring impact of ACEs on CPTSD symptoms and emphasize the importance of early identification and targeted interventions, especially addressing self-judgment and isolation, to mitigate CPTSD risk among young Chinese adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Ren
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Faculty of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Students Mental Health Education & Counseling Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Faculty of Social Sciences & Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zibin Zhu
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wong NSM, Yeung AWK, McGrath CP, Leung YY. Adverse childhood experiences and dental anxiety among Chinese adults in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1372177. [PMID: 38840746 PMCID: PMC11150826 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1372177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and dental anxiety among Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a university in Hong Kong. The recruiting period and data collection started in January 2023 and ended in June 2023. Participants completed an online questionnaire that assessed ACEs (using the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire - ACE-IQ) and dental anxiety (using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale - MDAS and Dental Fear Survey - DFS). The study examined the impacts of both cumulative (i.e., total number) and independent ACE components on dental anxiety. To explore the relationships between cumulative ACEs, individual ACE components and dental anxiety (MDAS and DFS score), Pearson correlations, linear regression and logistic regression were conducted. Results Significant associations were observed between ACEs and dental anxiety among 171 subjects. Cumulative ACEs were positively correlated with MDAS scores (r = 0.169, p = 0.027) and DFS scores (r = 0.253, p < 0.001). The odds of an individual having high dental anxiety increased by 26-43% for every additional increase in the number of ACEs. Individual types of ACEs, such as emotional and physical neglect, sexual abuse, and household substance abuse, significantly influenced the likelihood of having high dental anxiety. Discussion The results showed a positive association between ACEs and dental anxiety, highlighting the impact of ACEs on dental anxiety. Dental practitioners should consider inquiring about a patient's ACE history to develop personalized treatment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sui Miu Wong
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman Patrick McGrath
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiu Yan Leung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Levy Gigi E, Rachmani M, Defrin R. The relationship between traumatic exposure and pain perception in children: the moderating role of posttraumatic symptoms. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00599. [PMID: 38728536 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect approximately half of all children worldwide. These experiences have been linked to increased pain sensitivity in adulthood and a higher likelihood of developing severe chronic pain. However, most studies have assessed the effects of ACEs retrospectively, long after they occurred, leaving room for other factors to influence the observed outcomes. We investigated, for the first time, the association between ACEs and concurrent pain perception among young children who live in a conflict zone and are consistently exposed to potentially traumatic experiences. Participants were 60 elementary school children (ages 8-11 years) living in conflict regions (n = 39) or nonconflict regions (n = 21). Posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity, traumatic exposure, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and mechanical detection threshold (MDT) were measured. Trauma-exposed children had significantly lower PPT than did controls, but MDT was similar across groups. Pressure pain threshold correlated positively with proximity to the conflict zone and inversely with traumatic exposure magnitude and PTSS severity. In addition, PTSSs moderated the relationship between repeated traumatic exposure and PPT. Children with higher PTSS severity displayed pain hypersensitivity regardless of their traumatic exposure level, whereas in children with lower PTSS severity, greater traumatic exposure correlated with pain hypersensitivity. The results suggest that ACEs among children lead to concurrent pain hypersensitivity and distress and may put them at elevated risk of chronic pain early in life. In addition, our findings emphasize the need for identifying children with various PTSS levels to provide tailored interventions and mitigate the long-term negative effects of ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einat Levy Gigi
- Faculty of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Moriya Rachmani
- Faculty of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ruth Defrin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Zhao J, Bian Y, Zhang F. Reliability and validity of the short version of the childhood abuse self report scale in Chinese college students. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:256. [PMID: 38720387 PMCID: PMC11080228 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reliability and validity of the current scale for measuring childhood abuse in China are worrying. The development of the Short Version of the Childhood Abuse Self Report Scale (CASRS-12) helps to change this situation, but the effectiveness of the tool has not yet been tested in Chinese participants. This study aims to test the reliability and validity of the CASRS‑12 in Chinese college students. METHODS A total of 932 college students were investigated, of whom 418 were investigated for the first time, and only the CASRS‑12 was filled out. In the second survey, 514 participants filled out the CASRS‑12, Depression Scale, Self-esteem Scale and Subjective Well-being Scale in turn. After 4 weeks, 109 participants were selected for retest. RESULTS Each item of the CASRS‑12 had good discrimination. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df = 4. 18, RMSEA = 0. 079, CFI = 0. 95, TLI = 0. 94, IFI = 0. 95, NFI = 0. 94) all supported the four-factor structure of the scale, and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 76.05%. Cronbach's α coefficient and retest reliability were 0.86 and 0.65, respectively. Childhood abuse was positively correlated with depression (r = 0. 42, p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=-0. 33, p < 0.01) and subjective well-being (r=-0. 32, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The Chinese version of CASRS‑12 meets the measurement standard and could be used to measure the level of childhood abuse of Chinese college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinxia Zhao
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuewen Bian
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fuhai Zhang
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abufarsakh B, Okoli CTC, Darville AK, Williams LB, Garcia AR, Martin C. Tobacco use behavior among adults exposed to cumulative adverse childhood experiences: A systematic review and meta analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 152:107948. [PMID: 38277993 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use remains one of the most used substances among adults globally and substantially impacts individuals and society. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to tobacco use. However, the association between cumulative ACEs and tobacco use behaviors (TUB) has not been established in the literature. In this review, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of ACEs among adult tobacco users and evaluated the relationship between cumulative ACEs and TUB. METHODS We identified original articles published before October 2022 by searching PubMed, CINAHL, and Psych INFO databases. Inclusion criteria were: English language, adults and used instruments assessing for cumulative ACEs defined as four or more ACEs. RESULTS Forty-two studies, totaling 674,087 participants; predominantly cohort and cross-sectional in study design (n = 33). Exposure to 4 ≥ ACEs was significantly associated with increasing the odds of current tobacco use (n = 35), ever or former tobacco use (n = 13), tobacco use initiation, (n = 3) nicotine dependence (n = 1), and ever using electronic cigarettes (n = 1). In the meta-analysis, as compared to those without ACEs, those with 4 ≥ ACEs were twice as likely to have ever used tobacco (OR = 2.16, 95 %CI:1.73-2.70) and approximately four times more likely to have used tobacco currently (OR = 3.73, 95 %CI:2.69-5.18). CONCLUSION The cumulative ACEs exposure can increase the risk for TUB. However, the evidence is limited primarily to cigarette use. Ongoing research into the effects of cumulative ACEs on TUB is needed to integrate trauma-informed intervention in treating tobacco use and guide public health initiatives aimed to reduce the prevalence of ACEs and TUB among adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Audrey K Darville
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | | | - Antonio R Garcia
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
| | - Catherine Martin
- University of Kentucky Health Care Good Samaritan Hospital, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ross DC, McCallum N, Truuvert AK, Butt A, Behdinan T, Rojas D, Soklaridis S, Vigod S. The development and evaluation of a virtual, asynchronous, trauma-focused treatment program for adult survivors of childhood interpersonal trauma. J Ment Health 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38572918 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2024.2332797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term mental and physical health implications of childhood interpersonal trauma on adult survivors is immense, however, there is a lack of available trauma-focused treatment services that are widely accessible. This study, utilizing a user-centered design process, sought feedback on the initial design and development of a novel, self-paced psychoeducation and skills-based treatment intervention for this population. AIMS To explore the views and perspectives of adult survivors of childhood interpersonal trauma on the first two modules of an asynchronous trauma-focused treatment program. METHODS Fourteen participants from our outpatient hospital service who completed the modules consented to provide feedback on their user experience. A thematic analysis of the three focus groups was conducted. RESULTS Four major themes emerged from the focus groups: (1) technology utilization, (2) module content, (3) asynchronous delivery, and (4) opportunity for interactivity. Participants noted the convenience of the platform and the use of multimedia content to increase engagement and did not find the modules to be emotionally overwhelming. CONCLUSIONS Our research findings suggest that an asynchronous virtual intervention for childhood interpersonal trauma survivors may be a safe and acceptable way to provide a stabilization-focused intervention on a wider scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Ross
- Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy McCallum
- Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annie K Truuvert
- Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aysha Butt
- Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Behdinan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Rojas
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Wilson Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Soklaridis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Wilson Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simone Vigod
- Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Whitten T, Tzoumakis S, Green MJ, Dean K. Global Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Physical Violence within Domestic and Family Relationships in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Proportional Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1411-1430. [PMID: 37300288 PMCID: PMC10913340 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231179133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to identify and prevent childhood exposure to physical violence within domestic and family relationships must be underpinned by reliable prevalence estimates to ensure the appropriate allocation of resources and benchmarks for assessing intervention efficacy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of childhood exposure to physical domestic and family violence separately as a victim or witness. Searches were conducted in Criminal Justice Abstracts, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed, published in English, had a representative sample, unweighted estimates, and were published between January 2010 and December 2022. One-hundred-and-sixteen studies comprising 56 independent samples were retained. Proportional meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled prevalence for each exposure. Pooled prevalence estimates were also stratified by region and sex. The global pooled prevalence of childhood exposure to physical domestic and family violence as a victim or witness was 17.3% and 16.5%, respectively. Prevalence estimates were highest in West Asia and Africa (victim = 42.8%; witness = 38.3%) and lowest for the Developed Asia Pacific region (victim = 3.7%; witness = 5.4%). Males were 25% more likely than females to be the victim of physical domestic and family violence during childhood, while both were equally likely to have witnessed it. These findings suggest that childhood exposure to domestic and family violence is relatively common, affecting around one-in-six people by 18 years of age globally. Regional variations in prevalence estimates may reflect underlying economic conditions, cultural norms, and service availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Whitten
- Center for Law and Justice, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Stacy Tzoumakis
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Green
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wolff N, Aizpurua E, Peng D. Reducing the Methodological Heterogeneity ("Noise") in the Literature Predicting In-Prison Interpersonal Harm in Male Populations. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1315-1334. [PMID: 37226479 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231175918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal harm is a preventable public health problem. A growing body of literature shows persistently elevated exposure rates to physical and sexual victimization during incarceration. Yet how to prevent interpersonal harm during incarceration has proven far more elusive. A public health approach to prevention offers promise. To develop effective prevention strategies, the public health approach begins with defining and measuring the problem, followed by identifying risk and protective factors for the problem. The dynamic literature on in-prison interpersonal harm includes both parts of the public health approach but theoretical and methodological "noise" in this literature limits its instrumental utility to build effective prevention strategies. Herein, we critically review this evidence base (15 peer-reviewed articles published since 2000 with samples of 1,000+) to isolate the noise and the substance. We, then, minimize the methodological noise by testing for risk factors using self-report data that is representative of an entire U.S. state prison system for men and best data collection practices. Multilevel logistic regression is used to predict four types of interpersonal harm using theoretically grounded individual and prison-level covariates that are supported by the empirical literature. We conclude with recommendations for building an evidence base from which to develop prevention strategies that would create and sustain custodial conditions for people to be safe and healthy while incarcerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Peng
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bauer A, Martins RC, Hammerton G, Hoffmann MS, Cardoso AS, Colvara C, Hartmann CF, Calegaro G, Perrone LR, Aurélio N, Menezes AMB, Murray J. Adverse childhood experiences and crime outcomes in early adulthood: A multi-method approach in a Brazilian birth cohort. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115809. [PMID: 38401487 PMCID: PMC10985840 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate alternative approaches to a cumulative risk score in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and crime. Using data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort (n = 3236), we measured 12 ACEs up to 15 years, and past-year violent and non-violent crime at 22 years. We used four analytical approaches: single adversities, cumulative risk, latent class analysis, and network analysis. When examined individually, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and domestic violence were associated with both crime outcomes, whereas maternal mental illness and discrimination were associated with violent crime only, and parental divorce and poverty with non-violent crime only. There was a cumulative effect of ACEs on crime. The class with child maltreatment and household challenges was associated with both crime outcomes; exposure to household challenges and social risks was associated with violent crime only. In network models, crime showed conditional associations with physical abuse, maternal mental illness, and parental divorce. Although cumulative ACEs did associate with crime, some individual and combinations of ACEs showed particularly strong and robust effects, which were not captured by the cumulative score. Many ACEs are closely connected and/or cluster together, and the usefulness of the ACE score needs to be further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bauer
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Costa Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maurício Scopel Hoffmann
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Mental Health Epidemiology Group (MHEG), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Souza Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Camila Colvara
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Calegaro
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rodrigues Perrone
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Nilvia Aurélio
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana M B Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pace CS, Muzi S, Moretti M, Barone L. Supporting adoptive and foster parents of adolescents through the trauma-informed e-Connect parent group: a preliminary descriptive study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1266930. [PMID: 38390418 PMCID: PMC10882096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1266930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescents in adoption and foster care are likely to show internalizing and externalizing problems and affective dysregulation, leading to a lower quality of parent-adolescent attachment relationships and high levels of strain for parents. This study describes the results of the first application of the trauma-informed attachment-based Connect Parent Group in an online form (e-Connect) with Italian adoptive and foster parents. In this study, we describe (1) trends in the aforementioned variables between pre- (T1) and post- (T2) intervention and (2) parents' feedback and suggestions about the intervention. Method Participants were 10 adoptive and 10 foster parents (53% females, Mage = 53.48; SDage = 4.93) who attended e-Connect, an attachment-focused and trauma-informed 10-session online group intervention. This intervention aims at increasing caregiver awareness of attachment and trauma concerning adolescents' problem behaviors and sensitive responsiveness, thereby leading to improvements in parent-adolescent relationship quality, decreases in adolescents' problems, and reductions in caregiver strain. One e-Connect group was offered for adoptive parents and one for foster parents. Parents completed questionnaires 1 week before (T1) and after (T2) the intervention and responded to a feedback interview following program completion. Results Only at the descriptive level, scores of adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems, affective dysregulation, and caregivers' strain show decreasing trends. Parents reported high satisfaction with the program, declaring changes in parent-adolescent relationships both currently (94.7%) and anticipated in the future (100%). All parents indicated that they would recommend e-Connect to other parents. Discussion Given promising parents' feedback, the feasibility of e-Connect supporting adoptive and foster parents of adolescents can be further empirically investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Serena Pace
- Laboratory of Clinical Psychology (LACLIPSY), Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Italiano Aiuti all'Infanzia (CIAI), Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Muzi
- Laboratory of Clinical Psychology (LACLIPSY), Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marlene Moretti
- Psychology Department, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lavinia Barone
- Laboratory of Attachment and Parenting (LAG), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gui Y, Zhao Y, Tao XG, Xu W, Yang Q, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Wang P, Wei Q, Shi H, Zhang Y. Cohort Profile: The Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort (MCPC). Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyad185. [PMID: 38154024 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xuguang Grant Tao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Weiqing Xu
- Maternal and Child Healthcare Institute, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Songjiang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Songjiang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Maternal and Child Healthcare Institute, Songjiang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Decrop R, Nowalis S, Yannon M, McGraw J, Docherty M. Unveiling hidden dimensions: A novel bifactor approach to unraveling adverse childhood experiences. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 147:106599. [PMID: 38113570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with diverse negative health outcomes and are commonly screened for in primary care, research, and clinical practice. However, more research is needed surrounding the conceptualization, measurement, and application of ACEs measures. OBJECTIVE This study examines the bifactor structure and internal reliability of a short, practical, and commonly used ACEs questionnaire and assesses how the factor structure is associated with correlates of ACEs. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data from Utah's 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a telephone survey assessing the prevalence of health-related behaviors among a sample of adults in Utah (N = 8978, Mage = 51.5, SD = 19.4, Range = 18-99; 50 % female, 87.1 % White) was analyzed. METHODS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the best-fitting factor structure and examined correlations between the identified factors and poor health and substance use with structural equation modeling. RESULTS A three-factor bifactor model best fit the data and its components had associations of different direction and magnitude with outcomes (bifactor: health β = 0.83, p < .001, substance use β = 0.14, p = .025; household hardship: health ß = -0.49, p < .001, substance use ß = 0.23, p < .001; general abuse: health ß = -0.63, p < .001, substance use ß = 0.18, p = .036; sexual abuse: health ß = -0.25, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of using a bifactor approach to examine and score ACEs measures rather than a traditional total sum score method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Decrop
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave. 0000-0002-5128-1135, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| | - Sarah Nowalis
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave. 0000-0002-5128-1135, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| | - Miranda Yannon
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave. 0000-0002-5128-1135, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| | - James McGraw
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave. 0000-0002-5128-1135, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| | - Meagan Docherty
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E Merry Ave. 0000-0002-5128-1135, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu H, Li M, Cai J, Yuan Y, He L, Liu J, Wang L, Wang W. Comparison of ACE-IQ and CTQ-SF for child maltreatment assessment: Reliability, prevalence, and risk prediction. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106529. [PMID: 37931543 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment has profound effects on mental health. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF) and the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) are commonly used retrospective assessment tools for evaluating child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE This study aims to conduct a comprehensive comparison of the CTQ-SF and ACE-IQ, encompassing internal consistency, prevalence, and the predictive efficacy of trauma-related outcomes. It also seeks to enhance the scoring method of ACE-IQ based on the established comparability between the two instruments. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 1484 college students from northern China were recruited, assessing demographic characteristics and outcomes related to traumatic experiences, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), anxiety, and depression. METHODS A contingency correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the degree of agreement between the CTQ-SF and ACE-IQ. Binary logistic regression models were utilized to compare the predictive capabilities of distinct instruments. RESULTS CTQ-SF and ACE-IQ instruments display favorable internal consistency and notable correlations across shared categories. However, the predictive relationships between trauma type and adverse outcomes are inconsistent across instruments. The ACE-IQ, encompassing 13 trauma categories, demonstrate a lower AIC and BIC index, indicating a superior model fit for elucidating outcomes. CONCLUSION This study introduces a scoring methodology for ACE-IQ, improving the comparability of the two measures and emphasizing the importance of capturing the full range of maltreatment types a child may have experienced. These findings have significant implications for clinical and epidemiological research, providing valuable insights for understanding the impact of child maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
| | - Man Li
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jinping Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yidan Yuan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Li He
- Teachers' College of Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tietjen GE. From Hard Knocks to Headache: Early Adversity Casts a Long Shadow. Neurology 2023; 101:923-924. [PMID: 37879944 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
|
18
|
Tumlin KI, Crowley A, Turner B, Riley E, Lyons J. Detection of traumatic stress in the presence of traumatic experiences: the role of resilience factors in foster care children five years or younger. Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:39. [PMID: 37964314 PMCID: PMC10648362 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children less than five years of age comprised approximately 30% in 2020 of foster care entries in the United States, and they are consistently the largest foster care entry group. Very young children can respond differently to the same adverse life events. Detection of complex interpersonal traumas is core to providing appropriate interventions and prevention of reoccurring negative outcomes in these children. METHODS Children who (1) were identified as having experienced complex interpersonal trauma, but (2) who did not have traumatic stress symptoms were identified using Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths data in a large midwestern state from 2010 to 2021. A logistic model was fit to determine the effect of cumulative traumatic exposures (e.g., adverse childhood experiences such that increased events were hypothesized to predict an increased likelihood of symptomatic detection. We conducted a latent class analysis to understand the relationship between traumatic experiences, asset-based factors, and the detection of traumatic stress in children aged five years and under who had exposure to traumatic events but did not have detectable traumatic stress symptoms. RESULTS We detected three classes within this population of very young children, who were described as "resilient" (demonstrating asset-based resilience when faced with traumatic experiences), "missed" (those who exhibit behavioral and mental health types like those with detected traumatic stress symptoms but who were not detected as such), and "unfolding". Very young children do demonstrate asset-based resilience when faced with traumatic experiences. CONCLUSIONS Detection of traumatic stress may be more difficult in young children. It is important to assess both traumatic stress and strengths to ensure that children who are resilient after exposure to traumatic experiences (i.e., do not demonstrate traumatic stress symptoms) are not referred to unnecessary interventions. Additional educational approaches are needed to help caseworkers identify symptoms of traumatic stress that mirror symptoms of other behavioral and emotional challenges. Precision medicine approaches are required to best match the interventions to specific needs of young children. Recognition of resilience in very young children is critical for designing systems that customize approaches of trauma-informed care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly I Tumlin
- Center for Innovation in Population Health, College of Public Health, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Amanda Crowley
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Riley
- Center for Innovation in Population Health, Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - John Lyons
- Center for Innovation in Population Health, Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gredebäck G, Dorji N, Sen U, Nyström P, Hellberg J, Wangchuk. Context dependent cognitive development in Bhutanese children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19875. [PMID: 37963958 PMCID: PMC10645759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed risk/protective factors for cognitive development of Bhutanese children (504 3-5 year-olds, 49% girls, major ethnicities Ngalop 26%, Tshangla 30%, Lhotsampa 34%) using a non-verbal test of cognitive capacity (SON-R) and primary caregiver interviews. Cognitive capacity was related to the family's SES and whether the family belonged to the primary Buddhist majority ethnic groups (Ngalop or Tshangla) or primarily Hindu minorities (Lhotsampa). In majority families more engagement in Buddhist practices was associated with higher cognitive capacity in children. Minority children were more impacted by parents autonomous-relatedness values. Results demonstrate that cognitive development is dependent on the financial and educational context of the family, societal events, and culture specific risk/protective factors that differ across sub-groups (majority/minority, culture/religion).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nidup Dorji
- Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Umay Sen
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Wangchuk
- Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Muzi S, Pace CS. Attachment and alexithymia predict emotional-behavioural problems of institutionalized, late-adopted and community adolescents: An explorative multi-informant mixed-method study. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:1130-1145. [PMID: 37259169 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compared to community adolescents (COM), adolescents placed in residential care (RC) or late adopted (LA) appear to show more emotional-behavioural problems. They also appear vulnerable in variables linked to emotional-behavioural problems, such as insecure-disorganized attachment and alexithymia. This study employs a mixed-method multi-informant approach to (1) compare adolescents placed in RC, LA and COM in emotional-behavioural problems, attachment and alexithymia and (2) investigate relationships and interplay of attachment and alexithymia concerning emotional-behavioural problems in these three groups. METHOD Participants were 174 adolescents (50 RC, 33 LA and 91 COM; Mage = 15, 53% boys and 47% girls). Adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed through both caregiver-reported and self-reported questionnaires, while attachment and alexithymia were assessed with a mixed method, using interviews and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS The results showed RC adolescents as more vulnerable in all variables, while LA and COM did not differ. Accounting for the group, attachment and alexithymia cumulatively predicted 25-43% of internalizing problems, and 19-43% of externalizing problems depending on the method of assessment or problems' informant (all p < 0.01). Alexithymia was both an independent predictor and interacted with preoccupied attachment in predicting internalizing problems, while no predictors were isolated for externalizing ones, and the group never indicate an effect on problems' rates. CONCLUSIONS The authors discuss the utility to maintain a research focus on attachment and alexithymia, also suggesting future directions of research. A need to determine potential distortions of results because of problems' informant and method of assessment is also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Muzi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Serena Pace
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Italiano Aiuti all'Infanzia (CIAI), Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Ma Z, Xu T, Ma Y, Jin L. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences and diabetes: Mediational role of short sleep duration. Prev Med 2023; 174:107643. [PMID: 37494972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of diabetes in adulthood. However, the potential mediational role of sleep duration in this association is unclear. A total of 116, 014 participants in the United States, from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey in 2020 were involved in the study. The effects of ACE status, different ACEs, and ACE scores on short sleep duration were examined using binary logistic regression analysis, and the association of ACE status, different types of ACEs, and ACE scores with diabetes and the mediating role of short sleep duration were observed. Path analysis was used to investigate short sleep duration as pathways between different types of ACEs and diabetes in adulthood. For the different types of ACEs, alcohol abuse in the household (OR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08; 1.18), witnessing domestic violence (OR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.11; 1.23), emotional abuse (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.06; 1.16), physical abuse (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.17; 1.28), sexual abuse (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.18; 1.32) and short sleep duration (OR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.21; 1.32) independently increased the odds of diabetes. There was also an indirect relationship between alcohol abuse in the household, witnessing domestic violence, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and diabetes via short sleep duration. Short sleep duration plays a partial mediating role between ACEs and diabetes, including alcohol abuse in the household, witnessing domestic violence, physical and sexual abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China.
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schwartz A, Meschke LL, Tree JJ, Brown K, Coatsworth JD. Beating trauma: Physical activity to promote resilience against substance use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109942. [PMID: 37257325 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and frequent substance use (SU) is not well understood, impeding prevention efforts. METHODS We assessed the relationship between ACEs and frequent SU and investigated if different modalities of physical activity (PA) moderate this pathway. The analysis included persons enrolled in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health who responded to surveys at Waves I (11-20 years), III (18-27 years), and IV (24-33 years). The impacts of cumulative ACEs and PA modalities on daily cigarette smoking, daily cannabis use, and binge drinking ≥ 3 times a week in emerging and early adulthood were assessed through adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS Among the sample (N=9451), 29.3%, 12.5%, and 7.8% experienced 1, 2, or 3 or more ACEs, respectively. With exception to binge drinking, cumulative ACEs (3+) were strongly associated with daily cannabis use in Wave III (aOR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.6-3.6) and Wave IV (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI:1.3-3.3) and daily cigarette smoking in Wave III (aOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.9-3.0) and Wave IV (aOR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.8-2.8). No PA modality moderated the ACEs to SU pathway; however, walking for exercise lowered the odds of current and prospective daily cannabis and cigarette use by 20-40%. Strength training, team sports, and individual sport participation were associated with 20-30% reduced risks of future daily cigarette use. CONCLUSION The impacts of ACEs exposure on frequent SU persist into emerging and early adulthood. Future research should investigate the potential of PA to improve SU prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Schwartz
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU BordeauxBordeauxF-33000, France; Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Laurie L Meschke
- Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Brown
- Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tan M, Mao P. Type and dose-response effect of adverse childhood experiences in predicting depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106091. [PMID: 36787671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adverse long-term consequences for mental health, including increased risk for depression. However, the type and dose-response effects of ACE on depression risk need further exploration. OBJECTIVE We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the relationship between ACEs measured by ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and depression in type and quantity. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Individuals with ACEs. METHODS A systematic search was carried out of all published articles, up to November 2022, in eight electronic databases. Fixed- and random-effect models and dose-response were used. RESULTS Exposure to ACEs, including household dysfunction, was associated with a higher risk of depression (ORs ranged from 1.34 to 3.17). The numbers of ACE acted as a nonlinear predictor of depression. CONCLUSIONS These analyses provided important evidence that ACEs, regardless of type or quantity, may be a risk factor for depression development. Prevention of ACEs and interventions for supporting those affected by ACEs are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tan
- Nursing Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ping Mao
- Nursing Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Nursing of Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ballús E, Comelles MC, Pasto MT, Benedico P. Children's drawings as a projective tool to explore and prevent experiences of mistreatment and/or sexual abuse. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1002864. [PMID: 36910819 PMCID: PMC9994450 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1002864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reality shows us that situations of mistreatment and sexual abuse in childhood are still seldom visible, despite their high prevalence around the world. It is essential to detect and address them, especially among children in situations of dire risk or neglect. The purpose of this study is to determine if graphic emotional indicators are expressed in the drawings of the projective Draw-a-Person (D.A.P) test, made by children in situations of dire risk or neglect. The sample is made up of 34 children, between the ages of 5 and 11 (17 girls and 17 boys), attended by Specialised Child and Adolescent Care Services of the Barcelona Town Hall (Spain). The drawings were coded quantitatively. The results indicated that most of the drawings show a frequency of graphic emotional indicators, as well as graphic indicators common to experiences of mistreatment and/or abuse, which confirm the existence of emotional problems. However, no significant differences based on gender and age were found, except for one indicator of sexual abuse (body omitted/distorted), which is significantly more common in the boys. Results also revealed that the drawings of human figure enable the children to express their experiences of traumatic situations which are difficult to verbalize. These findings have important implications for professionals, as the use of this projective technique can help to early identification and design treatment strategies in situations of mistreatment and/or abuse in children and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Ballús
- Department of Psychology, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Ma Teresa Pasto
- Barcelona City Council (Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Benedico
- Department of Psychology, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bhui K, Shakoor S, Mankee-Williams A, Otis M. Creative arts and digitial interventions as potential tools in prevention and recovery from the mental health consequences of adverse childhood experiences. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7870. [PMID: 36550111 PMCID: PMC9772595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaldeep Bhui
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences and Wadham College at the University of Oxford. Oxford Health and East London NHS Foundation Trusts. World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre, Oxford, UK ,grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sania Shakoor
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Michaela Otis
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Imperial College; North West London Applied Research Collaborative, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jarrar Q, Ayoub R, Alhussine K, Goh KW, Moshawih S, Ardianto C, Goh BH, Ming LC. Prolonged Maternal Separation Reduces Anxiety State and Increases Compulsive Burying Activity in the Offspring of BALB/c Mice. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1921. [PMID: 36422097 PMCID: PMC9699014 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elevated plus maze (EPM) and the marble burying (MB) tests are common behavioral tests used for behavioral phenotyping in mouse models for neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the behavioral effects of maternal separation (MS), a standard paradigm for early life stress in animals, in both the EPM and MB tests remain incompletely known. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the behavioral effects of prolonged MS in the offspring of mice using the EPM and MB tests. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were isolated from their mothers for 4 h each day during the first 30 days after birth. On day 50 postnatal, groups of separated and non-separated mice (n = 18/each group) were subjected to the EPM and MB tests for comparative behavioral evaluations. In addition, the locomotor activity of mice was evaluated using the actophotometer test. RESULTS The findings of the EPM test revealed that separated mice exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviors, as evidenced by a significant increase in the latency to closed arms and the time spent in the open arms compared with non-separated mice. Separated mice also showed compulsive burying activity in the MB test, as determined by a significant increase in the number of buried marbles. The results of the actophotometer test did not show any significant change in locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged MS caused the adult offspring of mice to exhibit a decrease in anxiety state and increased compulsive burying activity, which were not associated with a change in locomotor activity. Further investigations with validated tests are needed to support these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qais Jarrar
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Rami Ayoub
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Kawther Alhussine
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meddeb A, Berlin J, Laporte N, Wallinius M. Adverse childhood experiences do not moderate the association between aggressive antisocial behavior and general disinhibition in a forensic psychiatric inpatient sample. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1019246. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and high levels of disinhibition have been associated with a variety of negative outcomes such as aggressive antisocial behavior (AAB). However, forensic psychiatric populations remain an understudied group in this field of research. This study aimed to fill that gap by investigating associations between ACE, AAB, and disinhibition in a forensic psychiatric sample. Furthermore, we aimed to explore such findings by investigating whether ACE might have a moderating effect on the association between disinhibition and AAB. A sample of forensic psychiatric patients (n = 89) was recruited from a high-security forensic psychiatric facility in Sweden. All study variables were moderately to strongly related to each other, although we found no moderating effect of ACE. Post hoc analysis indicated that our ACE items had differential effects on AAB scores, with placement outside the family home, absent parents, and parental drug abuse producing the largest effect on AAB levels. Our findings are in line with previous research demonstrating a significant and robust relationship between ACE, AAB, and disinhibition. Forensic psychiatric populations are exposed to high levels of both self-reported and documented ACE. This calls for trauma-informed care and highlights the importance of considering ACE in risk assessment, preventive work, and policy making.
Collapse
|