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Papadaki S, Tricha N, Panagiotopoulou M, Krokida M. Innovative Bioactive Products with Medicinal Value from Microalgae and Their Overall Process Optimization through the Implementation of Life Cycle Analysis-An Overview. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:152. [PMID: 38667769 PMCID: PMC11050870 DOI: 10.3390/md22040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are being recognized as valuable sources of bioactive chemicals with important medical properties, attracting interest from multiple industries, such as food, feed, cosmetics, and medicines. This review study explores the extensive research on identifying important bioactive chemicals from microalgae, and choosing the best strains for nutraceutical manufacturing. It explores the most recent developments in recovery and formulation strategies for creating stable, high-purity, and quality end products for various industrial uses. This paper stresses the significance of using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) as a strategic tool with which to improve the entire process. By incorporating LCA into decision-making processes, researchers and industry stakeholders can assess the environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of raw materials of several approaches. This comprehensive strategy will allow for the choosing of the most effective techniques, which in turn will promote sustainable practices for developing microalgae-based products. This review offers a detailed analysis of the bioactive compounds, strain selection methods, advanced processing techniques, and the incorporation of LCA. It will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and industry experts interested in utilizing microalgae for producing bioactive products with medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Papadaki
- DIGNITY Private Company, 30-32 Leoforos Alexandrou Papagou, Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Tricha
- Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (N.T.); (M.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Margarita Panagiotopoulou
- Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (N.T.); (M.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalini Krokida
- Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (N.T.); (M.P.); (M.K.)
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2
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Parida S, Jena M, Behera AK, Mandal AK, Nayak R, Patra S. A Novel Phytocolorant, Neoxanthin, as a Potent Chemopreventive: Current Progress and Future Prospects. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5149-5164. [PMID: 38173069 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673273106231208102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a general term for a group of similar diseases. It is a combined process that results from an accumulation of abnormalities at different biological levels, which involves changes at both genetic and biochemical levels in the cells. Several modifiable risk factors for each type of cancer include heredity, age, and institutional screening guidelines, including colonoscopy, mammograms, prostate-specific antigen testing, etc., which an individual cannot modify. Although a wide range of resources is available for cancer drugs and developmental studies, the cases are supposed to increase by about 70% in the next two decades due to environmental factors commonly driven by the way of living. The drugs used in cancer prevention are not entirely safe, have potential side effects and are generally unsuitable owing to substantial monetary costs. Interventions during the initiation and progression of cancer can prevent, diminish, or stop the transformation of healthy cells on the way to malignancy. Diet modifications are one of the most promising lifestyle changes that can decrease the threat of cancer development by nearly 40%. Neoxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment found in many microalgae and macroalgae, having significant anti-cancer, antioxidant and chemo-preventive activity. In this review, we have focused on the anti-cancer activity of neoxanthin on different cell lines and its cancer-preventive activity concerning obesity and oxidative stress. In addition to this, the preclinical studies and future perspectives are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhamayee Parida
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Akshaya Kumar Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Amiya Kumar Mandal
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Department of Life Science, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, India
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Telegina TA, Vechtomova YL, Aybush AV, Buglak AA, Kritsky MS. Isomerization of carotenoids in photosynthesis and metabolic adaptation. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:887-906. [PMID: 37974987 PMCID: PMC10643480 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, carotenoids are present as trans- and cis-isomers. Various physical and chemical factors like light, heat, acids, catalytic agents, and photosensitizers can contribute to the isomerization of carotenoids. Living organisms in the process of evolution have developed different mechanisms of adaptation to light stress, which can also involve isomeric forms of carotenoids. Particularly, light stress conditions can enhance isomerization processes. The purpose of this work is to review the recent studies on cis/trans isomerization of carotenoids as well as the role of carotenoid isomers for the light capture, energy transfer, photoprotection in light-harvesting complexes, and reaction centers of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and other photosynthetic organisms. The review also presents recent studies of carotenoid isomers for the biomedical aspects, showing cis- and trans-isomers differ in bioavailability, antioxidant activity and biological activity, which can be used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Telegina
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Building 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya L. Vechtomova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Building 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Aybush
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Buglak
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. S. Kritsky
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Building 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Tamel Selvan K, Goon JA, Makpol S, Tan JK. Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae and Their Bioactive Compounds on Diabetes Mellitus. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:462. [PMID: 37755075 PMCID: PMC10532649 DOI: 10.3390/md21090462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. There has been a growing interest in applying natural products to improve metabolic derangements without the side effects of anti-diabetic drugs. Microalgae biomass or extract and their bioactive compounds have been applied as nutraceuticals or additives in food products and health supplements. Several studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of microalgae and their bioactive compounds in improving insulin sensitivity attributed to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pancreatic β-cell protective properties. However, a review summarizing the progression in this topic is lacking despite the increasing number of studies reporting their anti-diabetic potential. In this review, we gathered the findings from in vitro, in vivo, and human studies to discuss the effects of microalgae and their bioactive compounds on diabetes mellitus and the mechanisms involved. Additionally, we discuss the limitations and future perspectives of developing microalgae-based compounds as a health supplement for diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, microalgae-based supplementation has the potential to improve diabetes mellitus and be applied in more clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Ya’acob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Kolackova M, Janova A, Dobesova M, Zvalova M, Chaloupsky P, Krystofova O, Adam V, Huska D. Role of secondary metabolites in distressed microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115392. [PMID: 36746204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proficient photosynthetic microalgae/cyanobacteria produce a remarkable amount of various biomolecules. Secondary metabolites (SM) represent high value products for global biotrend application. Production improvement can be achieved by nutritional, environmental, and physiological stress as a first line tools for their stimulation. In recent decade, an increasing interest in algal stress biology and omics techniques have deepened knowledge in this area. However, deep understanding and connection of specific stress elucidator are missing. Hence, the present review summarizes recent evidence with an emphasis on the carotenoids, phenolic, and less-discussed compounds (glycerol, proline, mycosporins-like amino acids). Even when they are synthesized at very low concentrations, it highlights the need to expand knowledge in this area using genome-editing tools and omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kolackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Janova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Dobesova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zvalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Chaloupsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Krystofova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Huska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Rivas A, Castiñeira M, Álvarez R, Vaz B, de Lera AR. Stereoselective Synthesis of Bisfuranoxide (Aurochrome, Auroxanthin) and Monofuranoxide (Equinenone 5',8'-Epoxide) Carotenoids by Double Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2302-2311. [PMID: 36121920 PMCID: PMC9693700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of C40-all-trans-carotenoids with the formal hexahydrobenzofuran skeletons aurochrome, auroxanthin, and equinenone-5',8'-epoxide is reported. The synthesis is based on a one-pot or stepwise double Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction of a terminal enantiopure C15-5,6-epoxycyclohexadienylphosphonate and a central C10-trienedial. The ring expansion of the epoxycyclohexadienylphosphonate, generated by a Stille cross-coupling reaction, to the hexahydrobenzofuran skeleton was promoted by the reaction conditions of the HWE reaction prior to double-bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurea Rivas
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department
of Organic Chemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia
Sur),, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Castiñeira
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department
of Organic Chemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia
Sur),, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Rosana Álvarez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department
of Organic Chemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia
Sur),, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Belén Vaz
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department
of Organic Chemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia
Sur),, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Angel R. de Lera
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department
of Organic Chemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia
Sur),, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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7
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Grassino M, Batstone DJ, Yong KW, Capson-Tojo G, Hülsen T. Method development for PPB culture screening, pigment analysis with UPLC-UV-HRMS vs. spectrophotometric methods, and spectral decomposition-based analysis. Talanta 2022; 246:123490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Davani L, Terenzi C, Tumiatti V, De Simone A, Andrisano V, Montanari S. Integrated analytical approaches for the characterization of Spirulina and Chlorella microalgae. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114943. [PMID: 35878527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are well-known for their content of bioactive molecules such as pigments, proteins, fatty acids, polysaccharides, vitamins and antioxidants, all of which are of great interest in the preparation of a wide range of products such as food, cosmetics and nutraceuticals. The purpose of this project was the analytical characterization of commercial dry microalgal biomass: four samples of Chlorella and five of Spirulina were analysed in order to highlight their content in terms of micro/macro nutrients. The research was oriented towards the development and validation of accurate, fast and reproducible methods for the nutritional assessment of algal biomasses, aiming to provide a guiding methodology. The lipid profiles of algal matrixes were analysed for the content of saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The process was divided into two phases: firstly, the extraction and determination of the total lipids and pigment content; secondly, the trans-esterification of the extracted lipid-pigment portion in order to analyse fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with a GC-MS method. A fingerprinting of MUFAs and PUFAs was obtained regarding microalgae species. The determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls content in the lipid extracts was evaluated through a fast UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis, which was validated by a new HPLC-DAD analysis. Furthermore, the total antioxidant activity of each lipid extract was determined along with the determination of the microalgae protein content. Then, with the aid of the principal component analysis (PCA) plots, the two microalgae were clustered in terms of their micro/macro nutrients, for differentiating their properties. Spirulina, resulting to have a greater antioxidant activity, supposedly due to a higher content in pigments and higher protein concentration, could be suggested for an appropriate diet for sporting people. Chlorella, instead, showed a more balanced profile of PUFAs and MUFAs and its use could be suggested for cosmetics and vegan diets. This paper puts forward an overall analytical approach, sustained by a multivariate analysis, for emphasising content differences and activity of two different microalgae strains, in order to underline specific claims for each class, addressed to defined final users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Davani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Cristina Terenzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tumiatti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Serena Montanari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
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Microalgae: Bioactive Composition, Health Benefits, Safety and Prospects as Potential High-Value Ingredients for the Functional Food Industry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121744. [PMID: 35741941 PMCID: PMC9222421 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Global population is estimated to reach about 9.22 billion by 2075. The increasing knowledge on the relationship between food biochemistry and positive health gives an indication of the urgency to exploit food resources that are not only sustainable but also impact human health beyond basic nutrition. A typical example of such novel food is microalgae, an aquatic microorganism with a plethora of diverse bioactive compounds including phenolics, carotenoids, vitamin B12 and peptides. Microalgal bioactive compounds have been shown to possess positive health effects such as antihypertensive, anti-obesity, antioxidative, anticancer and cardiovascular protection. Although, the utilization of microalgal biomass by the functional food industry has faced lots of challenges because of species diversity and variations in biomass and cultivation factors. Other documented challenges were ascribed to changes in functional structures during extraction and purification due to inefficient bio-processing techniques, inconclusive literature information on the bioavailability and safety of the microalgal bioactive compounds and the fishy odor and taste when applied in food formulations. In spite of these challenges, great opportunities exist to exploit their utilization for the development of functional foods. Microalgae are a renewable resource and have fast growth rate. Therefore, detailed research is needed to bridge these challenges to pave way for large-scale commercialization of microalgal-based healthy foods. The focus of this review is to discuss the potential of microalgae as natural ingredients for functional food development, factors limiting their acceptance and utilization in the food industry as well as their safety concerns with respect to human consumption.
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A Comparative Study on Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cells and Tumors in Mice by Carotenoid Extract and Nanoemulsion Prepared from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Peel. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050980. [PMID: 35631566 PMCID: PMC9144854 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine carotenoid composition in sweet potato (TNG66) peel and prepare carotenoid nanoemulsion to study its inhibition effect on breast cancer cells MCF-7 and tumors in mice. Results showed that a total of 10 carotenoids were separated within 30 min by employing a YMC C30 column and a gradient mobile phase of methanol/acetonitrile/water (74:14:12, v/v/v) and dichloromethane (B) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, column temperature of 25 °C, and detection wavelength of 450 nm. Following quantitation, all-trans-β-carotene was present in the highest amount (663.8 μg/g). The method validation data demonstrated a high accuracy and precision of this method. The carotenoid nanoemulsion was prepared by mixing an appropriate proportion of carotenoid extract, Tween 80, PEG 400, soybean oil and deionized water with the mean particle size being 15.7 nm (transmission electron microscope (TEM)), polydispersity index 0.238, encapsulation efficiency 97% and zeta potential −69.8 mV. A high stability of carotenoid nanoemulsion was shown over a 90-day storage period at 25 °C and during heating at 100 °C for 2 h. The release percentage of total carotenoids from carotenoid nanoemulsion under gastric and intestinal condition was 18.3% and 49.1%, respectively. An antiproliferation study revealed that carotenoid nanoemulsion was more effective than carotenoid extract in inhibiting the growth of human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Following treatments of paclitaxel (10 μg/mL), carotenoid nanoemulsion (20 and 10 μg/mL) and carotenoid extract (20 and 10 μg/mL), the tumor weight of mice respectively decreased by 77.4, 56.2, 40.3, 36.1 and 18.7%, as well as tumor volume of mice by 75.4, 65.0, 49.7, 46.7 and 26.5%. Also, both carotenoid extract and nanoemulsion could reduce the levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum, with the latter being more effective. This finding suggested that carotenoid nanoemulsion was more effective than carotenoid extract in inhibiting tumor growth in mice.
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Wang J, Hu X, Chen J, Wang T, Huang X, Chen G. The Extraction of β-Carotene from Microalgae for Testing Their Health Benefits. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040502. [PMID: 35205979 PMCID: PMC8871089 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
β-carotene, a member of the carotenoid family, is a provitamin A, and can be converted into vitamin A (retinol), which plays essential roles in the regulation of physiological functions in animal bodies. Microalgae synthesize a variety of carotenoids including β-carotene and are a rich source of natural β-carotene. This has attracted the attention of researchers in academia and the biotech industry. Methods to enrich or purify β-carotene from microalgae have been investigated, and experiments to understand the biological functions of microalgae products containing β-carotene have been conducted. To better understand the use of microalgae to produce β-carotene and other carotenoids, we have searched PubMed in August 2021 for the recent studies that are focused on microalgae carotenoid content, the extraction methods to produce β-carotene from microalgae, and the bioactivities of β-carotene from microalgae. Articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were identified, screened, and summarized here. So far, various types and amounts of carotenoids have been identified and extracted in different types of microalgae. Diverse methods have been developed overtime to extract β-carotene efficiently and practically from microalgae for mass production. It appears that methods have been developed to simplify the steps and extract β-carotene directly and efficiently. Multiple studies have shown that extracts or whole organism of microalgae containing β-carotene have activities to promote lifespan in lab animals and reduce oxidative stress in culture cells, etc. Nevertheless, more studies are warranted to study the health benefits and functional mechanisms of β-carotene in these microalgae extracts, which may benefit human and animal health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinge Hu
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (X.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Junbin Chen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Tiannan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (X.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Xianju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (X.H.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-865-974-6257
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12
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Sirajunnisa AR, Surendhiran D, Kozani PS, Kozani PS, Hamidi M, Cabrera-Barjas G, Delattre C. An overview on the role of microalgal metabolites and pigments in apoptosis induction against copious diseases. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Zafar J, Aqeel A, Shah FI, Ehsan N, Gohar UF, Moga MA, Festila D, Ciurea C, Irimie M, Chicea R. Biochemical and Immunological implications of Lutein and Zeaxanthin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10910. [PMID: 34681572 PMCID: PMC8535525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, nature has been acknowledged for being a primordial source of various bioactive molecules in which human macular carotenoids are gaining significant attention. Among 750 natural carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and their oxidative metabolites are selectively accumulated in the macular region of living beings. Due to their vast applications in food, feed, pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals industries, the global market of lutein and zeaxanthin is continuously expanding but chemical synthesis, extraction and purification of these compounds from their natural repertoire e.g., plants, is somewhat costly and technically challenging. In this regard microbial as well as microalgal carotenoids are considered as an attractive alternative to aforementioned challenges. Through the techniques of genetic engineering and gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9, the overproduction of lutein and zeaxanthin in microorganisms can be achieved but the commercial scale applications of such procedures needs to be done. Moreover, these carotenoids are highly unstable and susceptible to thermal and oxidative degradation. Therefore, esterification of these xanthophylls and microencapsulation with appropriate wall materials can increase their shelf-life and enhance their application in food industry. With their potent antioxidant activities, these carotenoids are emerging as molecules of vital importance in chronic degenerative, malignancies and antiviral diseases. Therefore, more research needs to be done to further expand the applications of lutein and zeaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Zafar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Naureen Ehsan
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Umar Farooq Gohar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Marius Alexandru Moga
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Dana Festila
- Radiology and Maxilo Facial Surgery Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Codrut Ciurea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Marius Irimie
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Radu Chicea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
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14
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Ávila-Román J, García-Gil S, Rodríguez-Luna A, Motilva V, Talero E. Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:531. [PMID: 34677429 PMCID: PMC8539290 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system's response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sara García-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
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15
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Gatamaneni Loganathan B, Orsat V, Lefsrud M. Phycoremediation and valorization of synthetic dairy wastewater using microalgal consortia of Chlorella variabilis and Scenedesmus obliquus. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3231-3244. [PMID: 32009561 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1725143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are known to grow on wastewater utilizing their available nutrients. The residual algal biomass thus obtained could be used for producing value-added products thereby making it an economically viable and sustainable option for the dairy industry. The present study evaluates the ability of the microalgal consortia composed of Chlorella variabilis and Scenedesmus obliquus to treat and valorize diluted synthetic dairy wastewater under controlled laboratory conditions. The effect of time, inoculum concentration and light intensity on five responses, namely phosphate removal, ammoniacal nitrogen removal, COD removal, biomass productivity and lutein content, are studied by response surface methodology utilizing central composite design. The quadratic models are found to be suitable for phosphate removal, ammoniacal nitrogen removal, COD removal and biomass productivity. At optimized experimental conditions, the microalgal consortia exhibited phosphate removal of 70.19%, ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 86.22%, COD removal of 54.72%, biomass productivity of 29.13 mg/L/day and lutein content of 12.59 mg/g respectively. This study is of high importance as the lutein content exhibited by the microalgal consortia is higher when compared to other microalgal species and could be considered in the future as a commercial source of lutein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalamurugan Gatamaneni Loganathan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Valerie Orsat
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Mark Lefsrud
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
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16
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Ouyang M, Huang Y, Wang Y, Luo F, Liao L. Stability of carotenoids and carotenoid esters in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) slices during hot air drying. Food Chem 2021; 367:130710. [PMID: 34343802 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The levels of carotenoids and carotenoid esters in pumpkin (C. maxima) slices as affected by hot air drying (60-100 °C, 6-17 h) were assessed via an HPLC-MS/MS method. Among the 25 carotenoids and carotenoid esters identified in pumpkin flesh, xanthophyll diesters (including (all-E)-violaxanthin dipalmitate, lutein 3-O-myristate-3'-O-laurate, lutein 3-O-palmitate-3'-O-laurate, lutein 3-O-myristate-3'-O-palmitate, lutein 3-O-stearate-3'-O-myristate and lutein 3-O-stearate-3'-O-palmitate) accounted for 43% of the total carotenoids (853.6 ± 18.5 μg/g, dried weight). Dihydroxy xanthophylls, especially those containing 5,6-epoxy group, were more heat-labile than carotenes, while xanthophylls were less heat stable than their diester counterparts. The degradation rates (first-order reactions, R2 = 0.983-0.992) for lutein diesters (rate constant: 0.002-0.049 h-1) in pumpkin slices were only 10-20% of that for lutein (rate constant: 0.020-0.243 h-1) during hot air drying, and 76-98% of lutein diesters could be retained in the final dried products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Ouyang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Yiqun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, 960, 2nd Section, Wanjiali South Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410114, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China.
| | - Fenglian Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Luyan Liao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
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17
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Lim KC, Yusoff FM, Shariff M, Kamarudin MS. Dietary astaxanthin augments disease resistance of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790), against Vibrio alginolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:90-101. [PMID: 33838221 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This investigation describes the impacts of dietary provisioning with astaxanthin on hemato-biochemistry, non-specific immunity, and disease resistance of the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, against the virulent Vibrio alginolyticus; with specific reference to dose-response associations and variations over different post-infection periods (0-, 7-, and 14-day). Triplicate groups of fish weighing 28 g, on average, were fed various diets (C, the control or astaxanthin-free; AXT50, 50 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet; AXT100, 100 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet; and AXT150, 150 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet) for 90 days and subsequently challenged with V. alginolyticus at the end of the feeding period. Experimental infection unveiled that supplemented fish demonstrated significant improvements (P < 0.05) of hematological parameters (white blood cell [WBC] and red blood cell [RBC] counts, and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels) when fed diets with elevating supplemental doses of astaxanthin through distinct post-infection periods (0-, 7-, and 14-day). Furthermore, the administration of dietary astaxanthin at escalating levels markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) the serum biochemical profile (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], glucose, cortisol, cholesterol, and triglyceride contents) of challenged fish, resulting in better welfare. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) contents of serum total protein were observed in supplemented fish, as opposed to the control. Additionally, immunological defense mechanisms (lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, and total serum immunoglobulin) of challenged fish were pronouncedly elicited (P < 0.05) following the ingestion of astaxanthin. Besides, the supplementation with dietary astaxanthin significantly augmented (P < 0.05) the post-challenge survival rate of fish. Collectively, the results manifest that supplementary feeding of astaxanthin is effective in reinforcing fish immunocompetence and disease resistance against V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Chin Lim
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Shariff
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Salleh Kamarudin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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He W, Luo H, Xu H, Zhou Z, Li D, Bao Y, Fu Q, Song J, Jiao Y, Zhang Z. Effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate on physiological and carotenoid composition of yellow maize sprouts under NaCl stress. Food Chem 2021; 361:130177. [PMID: 34077883 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid content in maize sprouts can be increased by NaCl stress, although high NaCl concentrations negatively impact plant growth. The effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on contents of carotenoid and antioxidant capacity of yellow maize sprouts under NaCl stress were investigated. Our results showed that treatments of NaCl both alone and combined with MeJA enhanced the carotenoid accumulation in maize sprouts. Moreover, the carotenoid biosynthesis related genes showed different expression patterns under addition of MeJA treatment. Additionally, the combined treatment led to significantly higher content of most carotenoids profiles and the addition of MeJA could alleviate the harmful effect caused by NaCl stress. Furthermore, the combined treatment improved antioxidant enzyme activities and radical scavenging capacity. The results implied that MeJA is kind of effective plant growth regulator for enhancing carotenoid accumulation in maize sprouts by up-regulating the expression levels of key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hao Luo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China.
| | - Yihong Bao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Qun Fu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Jiangfeng Song
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China.
| | - Yan Jiao
- Xinghua Dongao Food Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225700, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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19
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Tudor C, Gherasim EC, Dulf FV, Pintea A. In vitro bioaccessibility of macular xanthophylls from commercial microalgal powders of Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1896-1906. [PMID: 33841808 PMCID: PMC8020956 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of the major carotenoids present in two commercial microalgal supplements in powder form was investigated through a standardized in vitro digestion method. The dried biomass of Arthrospira platensis contained β-carotene (36.8 mg/100 g) and zeaxanthin (20.8 mg/100 g) as the main carotenoids as well as a high content of saturated fatty acids (61% of total fatty acids), whereas that of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was rich in lutein (37.8 mg/100 g) and had a high level of unsaturated fatty acids (65% of total fatty acids). In the case of the latter, lutein bioaccessibility was not statistically enhanced after the replacement of porcine bile extract with bovine bile extract in the in vitro digestion protocol and after the addition of coconut oil (17.8% as against to 19.2% and 19.2% vs. 18.5%, respectively). In contrast, the use of bovine bile extract along with co-digestion with coconut oil significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of zeaxanthin from A. platensis, reaching the highest bioaccessibility of 42.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tudor
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | | | | | - Adela Pintea
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
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20
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Ferdous UT, Yusof ZNB. Medicinal Prospects of Antioxidants From Algal Sources in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:593116. [PMID: 33746748 PMCID: PMC7973026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.593116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Though cancer therapeutics can successfully eradicate cancerous cells, the effectiveness of these medications is mostly restricted to several deleterious side effects. Therefore, to alleviate these side effects, antioxidant supplementation is often warranted, reducing reactive species levels and mitigating persistent oxidative damage. Thus, it can impede the growth of cancer cells while protecting the normal cells simultaneously. Moreover, antioxidant supplementation alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics hinders further tumor development, prevents chemoresistance by improving the response to chemotherapy drugs, and enhances cancer patients' quality of life by alleviating side effects. Preclinical and clinical studies have been revealed the efficacy of using phytochemical and dietary antioxidants from different sources in treating chemo and radiation therapy-induced toxicities and enhancing treatment effectiveness. In this context, algae, both micro and macro, can be considered as alternative natural sources of antioxidants. Algae possess antioxidants from diverse groups, which can be exploited in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite having nutritional benefits, investigation and utilization of algal antioxidants are still in their infancy. This review article summarizes the prospective anticancer effect of twenty-three antioxidants from microalgae and their potential mechanism of action in cancer cells, as well as usage in cancer therapy. In addition, antioxidants from seaweeds, especially from edible species, are outlined, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Tamanna Ferdous
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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21
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Igual M, Uribe-Wandurraga ZN, García-Segovia P, Martínez-Monzó J. Microalgae-enriched breadsticks: Analysis for vitamin C, carotenoids, and chlorophyll a. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2021; 28:26-31. [PMID: 33517774 DOI: 10.1177/1082013221990252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a potential ingredient that can enhance the nutritional value of food. There are already various products made from microalgae such as pasta, cookies, breadstick, crackers, and extrudates. Moreover, these products have a typical green colour, provided from microalgae pigments. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis biomass on vitamin C, total carotenoids, and chlorophyll a levels in breadsticks and its doughs. Microalgae addition in breadstick formulations is a viable alternative, because they presented a greater content of carotenoids and chlorophyll a than control breadsticks. Consequently, microalgae enriched breadsticks can provide health benefits to consumers. Here, Chlorella enriched breadsticks showed the highest studied pigments content. Despite microalgae powder containing vitamin C, breadstick dough did not present vitamin C and therefore nor the breadstick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Igual
- Food Technology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Yalçın S, Uzun M, Karakaş Ö, Sözgen Başkan K, Okudan EŞ, Apak MR. Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacities of Algal Pigments in Seaweed by the Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with A Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) Assay. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1855439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Yalçın
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Uzun
- Institute of Graduate Students, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Karakaş
- Institute of Graduate Students, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kevser Sözgen Başkan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Şükran Okudan
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Reşat Apak
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Yang C, Yan H, Jiang X, Xu H, Tsao R, Zhang L. Preparation of 9 Z-β-Carotene and 9 Z-β-Carotene High-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Characterization and Storage Stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13844-13853. [PMID: 33164495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cis (Z)-β-carotenes with 25.3% 9Z-β-carotene were prepared for nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The optimal conditions for NLC preparation using an orthogonal experimental method were as follows: the total lipid concentration was 9% (w/v), the surfactant concentration was 1.4% (w/v), the solid to liquid lipid ratio was 3:1 (w/w), and the homogenization pressure was set at 500 bar for three cycles. Under these conditions, the encapsulation efficiency (%) of the NLC was 95.64%, and the total β-carotene in NLCs was 2.9 mg/mL, which was significantly higher than those reported by others. The proportion of total Z-β-carotenes was as high as 53.3%, the particle size was 191 ± 6.46 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.2 ± 0.03. Storage stability results indicated that the β-carotene-loaded NLC stabilizes both 9Z-β-carotene and total β-carotene from leakage and degradation during 21 days of storage at pH 3.5-7.5 at low temperatures (4 °C), especially for the more bioactive 9Z-β-carotene. The technique with an improved ratio of 9Z-β-carotene, loading capacity, water solubility, and bioaccessibility of the β-carotene NLC provides an effective strategy for β-carotene applications in functional foods or beverages and in nutraceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongxiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Huaneng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Lianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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24
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Du X, Wang C, Wu L, Li Z, Sadiq FA, Jiang Z, Chen F, Ni H, Li Q. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography analysis of all-trans-, 9-cis-, and 13-cis-astaxanthin in raw extracts from Phaffia rhodozyma. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3206-3215. [PMID: 32506706 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An effective two-dimensional liquid chromatography method has been established for the analysis of all-trans-astaxanthin and its geometric isomers from Phaffia rhodozyma employing a C18 column at the first dimension and a C30 column in the second dimension, connected by a 10-port valve using the photo-diode array detector. The regression equation of astaxanthin calibration curve was established, and the precision and accuracy values were found to be in the range of 0.32-1.14% and 98.21-106.13%, respectively. By using two-dimensional liquid chromatography, it was found that day light, ultrasonic treatment, and heat treatment have significant influence on the content of all-trans-astaxanthin in the extract from P. rhodozyma due to the transformation of all-trans-astaxanthin to cis-astaxanthin. The day light and ultrasonic treatments more likely transform all-trans-astaxanthin to 9-cis-astaxanthin, and the thermal treatment transforms all-trans-astaxanthin to 13-cis-astaxanthin. These results indicate that the two-dimensional liquid chromatography method can facilitate monitoring astaxanthin isomerization in the raw extract from P. rhodozyma. In addition, the study will provide a general reference for monitoring other medicals and bioactive chemicals with geometric isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Du
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
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Resilience and self-regulation processes of microalgae under UV radiation stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gatamaneni Loganathan B, Orsat V, Lefsrud M, Wu BS. A comprehensive study on the effect of light quality imparted by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the physiological and biochemical properties of the microalgal consortia of Chlorella variabilis and Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated in dairy wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1445-1455. [PMID: 32270294 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of light wavelengths on the physiological, biochemical and lutein content of the microalgal consortia Chlorella variabilis and Scenedesmus obliquus was evaluated using different light sources. Among different light treatments, cool-white fluorescent light produced the highest biomass of 673 mg L-1 with a specific growth rate of 0.75 day-1 followed by blue (500 mg L-1; 0.73 day-1). The chlorophyll content was enhanced under blue light (10.7 mg L-1) followed by cool fluorescent light (9.3 mg L-1), whereas the lutein productivity was enhanced under cool fluorescent light (7.22 mg g-1). Protein content of the microalgal consortia was enhanced under all light treatments with the highest protein accumulation under cool-white fluorescent light (~56% of dry mass) closely followed by amber light (52% of dry mass), whereas the carbohydrate content was higher under amber light (~35% of dry mass). The results revealed that the consortia could grow well on diluted dairy wastewater thereby reducing the cost of algal production when compared with the use of inorganic media and a two-phase culture process utilizing cool fluorescent and amber light could be employed for maximizing algal biomass and nutrient composition with enhanced lutein production. The study also emphasizes on the economic efficiency of LED lights in terms of biomass produced based on the modest electricity consumed and the importance of using amber light for cultivating microalgae for its nutrient content which has seldom been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalamurugan Gatamaneni Loganathan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada.
| | - Valerie Orsat
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Mark Lefsrud
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Bo Sen Wu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
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He W, Wang Y, Luo H, Li D, Liu C, Song J, Zhang Z, Liu C, Niu L. Effect of NaCl stress and supplemental CaCl2 on carotenoid accumulation in germinated yellow maize kernels. Food Chem 2020; 309:125779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hamidi M, Kozani PS, Kozani PS, Pierre G, Michaud P, Delattre C. Marine Bacteria versus Microalgae: Who Is the Best for Biotechnological Production of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Properties and Other Biological Applications? Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E28. [PMID: 31905716 PMCID: PMC7024282 DOI: 10.3390/md18010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity play remarkable roles in the prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. ROS, which are formed by different pathways, have various pathological influences such as DNA damage, carcinogenesis, and cellular degeneration. Incremental demands have prompted the search for newer and alternative resources of natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The marine environment encompasses almost three-quarters of our planet and is home to many eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms. Because of extreme physical and chemical conditions, the marine environment is a rich source of chemical and biological diversity, and marine microorganisms have high potential as a source of commercially interesting compounds with various pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Bacteria and microalgae are the most important producers of valuable molecules including antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and catalase) and antioxidant substances (such as carotenoids, exopolysaccharides, and bioactive peptides) with various valuable biological properties and applications. Here, we review the current knowledge of these bioactive compounds while highlighting their antioxidant properties, production yield, health-related benefits, and potential applications in various biological and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hamidi
- Food and Drug Research Center, Vice-Chancellery of Food and Drug, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 41446/66949, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran;
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran;
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115/111, Iran;
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Haoujar I, Cacciola F, Abrini J, Mangraviti D, Giuffrida D, Oulad El Majdoub Y, Kounnoun A, Miceli N, Fernanda Taviano M, Mondello L, Rigano F, Skali Senhaji N. The Contribution of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Flavonoids to the Antioxidative Properties of Marine Microalgae Isolated from Mediterranean Morocco. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224037. [PMID: 31703456 PMCID: PMC6891583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential of four sea water microalgae, isolated and cultivated at M′diq Bay in Morocco, as a new source of natural antioxidants. These microalgae belong to different classes, including Phaedactylium tricornitum (Bacillariophyceae), Nannochloropsis gaditana (Eustigmatophyceae), Nannochloris sp (Trebouxiophyceae), and Tetraselmis suecica (Chlorodendrophycea). The antioxidant properties were screened by the use of in vitro assays, namely 2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, and Ferrous ions chelating activity, and compoundidentification was carried out in methanol and acetone extracts of both dried and fresh microalgae biomass by HPLC–PDA–MS analysis. Among the investigated microalgae, Phaedactylium tricornutum was the richest one regarding its carotenoid (especially all-E-fucoxanthin) and phenolic (especially protocatechuic acid) contents, as well as antioxidant activity (65.5%), followed by Nannochloris sp, Tetraselmis suicica, and Nannochloropsis gaditana, with antioxidant activity of 56.8%, 54.9%, and 51.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Haoujar
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abd Al-Malek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco; (J.A.); (A.K.); (N.S.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.H.); (F.C.); Tel.: +21-262-422-8056 (I.H.); +39-090-676-6570 (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (I.H.); (F.C.); Tel.: +21-262-422-8056 (I.H.); +39-090-676-6570 (F.C.)
| | - Jamal Abrini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abd Al-Malek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco; (J.A.); (A.K.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Domenica Mangraviti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.O.E.M.); (M.F.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.O.E.M.); (M.F.T.); (L.M.)
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Kounnoun
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abd Al-Malek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco; (J.A.); (A.K.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.O.E.M.); (M.F.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.O.E.M.); (M.F.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.O.E.M.); (M.F.T.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- BeSeps.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Nadia Skali Senhaji
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abd Al-Malek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco; (J.A.); (A.K.); (N.S.S.)
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Saha S, Walia S, Sharma K, Banerjee K. Suitability of stationary phase for LC analysis of biomolecules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2856-2873. [PMID: 31621391 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1665494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds such as carotenoids/isoprenoids, vitamins, steroids, saponins, sugars, long chain fatty acids, and amino acids play a very important role in coordinating functions in living organisms. Determination of those substances is indispensable in advanced biological sciences. Engineered stationary phase in LC for the analysis of biomolecules has become easier with the development of chromatographic science. In general, C18 column is being used for routine analysis but specific columns are being used for specific molecule. Monolithic columns are found to have higher efficiency than normal column. Among recent introduction, triacontyl stationary phases, designed for the separation of carotenoid isomers, are widely used for the estimation of carotenoids. In comparison to conventional C18 phases, C30 phases exhibited superior shape selectivity for the separation of isomers of carotenoids. It is also found useful for better elution and analysis of tocopherols, vitamin K, sterols, and fatty acids. Vitamin K, E, and their isomers are also successfully resoluted and analyzed by using C30 column. Amino bonded phase column is specifically used for better elution of sugars, whereas phenyl columns are suitable for the separation and analysis of curcuminoids and taxol. Like triacontyl stationary phase, pentafluorophenyl columns are also used for the separation and analysis of carotenoids. Similarly, HILIC column are best suited for sugar analysis. All the stationary phases are made possible to resolute and analyze the target biomolecules better, which are the future of liquid chromatography. The present article focuses on the differential interaction between stationary phase and target biomolecules. The applicability of these stationary phases are reported in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Improved Carotenoid Productivity and COD Removal Efficiency by Co-culture of Rhodotorula glutinis and Chlorella vulgaris Using Starch Wastewaters as Raw Material. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:193-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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He W, Wang Y, Dai Z, Liu C, Xiao Y, Wei Q, Song J, Li D. Effect of UV-B radiation and a supplement of CaCl2 on carotenoid biosynthesis in germinated corn kernels. Food Chem 2019; 278:509-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cortés-Herrera C, Artavia G, Leiva A, Granados-Chinchilla F. Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Common Nutritional Components, in Feed and Food. Foods 2018; 8:E1. [PMID: 30577557 PMCID: PMC6352167 DOI: 10.3390/foods8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and feed laboratories share several similarities when facing the implementation of liquid-chromatographic analysis. Using the experience acquired over the years, through application chemistry in food and feed research, selected analytes of relevance for both areas were discussed. This review focused on the common obstacles and peculiarities that each analyte offers (during the sample treatment or the chromatographic separation) throughout the implementation of said methods. A brief description of the techniques which we considered to be more pertinent, commonly used to assay such analytes is provided, including approaches using commonly available detectors (especially in starter labs) as well as mass detection. This manuscript consists of three sections: feed analysis (as the start of the food chain); food destined for human consumption determinations (the end of the food chain); and finally, assays shared by either matrices or laboratories. Analytes discussed consist of both those considered undesirable substances, contaminants, additives, and those related to nutritional quality. Our review is comprised of the examination of polyphenols, capsaicinoids, theobromine and caffeine, cholesterol, mycotoxins, antibiotics, amino acids, triphenylmethane dyes, nitrates/nitrites, ethanol soluble carbohydrates/sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, hydro and liposoluble vitamins. All analytes are currently assayed in our laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cortés-Herrera
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Graciela Artavia
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Astrid Leiva
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Fabio Granados-Chinchilla
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
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Aluç Y, Başaran Kankılıç G, Tüzün İ. Determination of carotenoids in two algae species from the saline water of Kapulukaya reservoir by HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1418376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Aluç
- Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Gökben Başaran Kankılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - İlhami Tüzün
- Research and Application Center for Environmental Issues, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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Separation, identification and quantification of carotenoids and chlorophylls in dietary supplements containing Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 148:108-118. [PMID: 28987995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 14 commercial products (dietary supplements) containing alga Chlorella vulgaris and cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis, originated from China and Japan, were analysed. UV-vis spectrophotometric method was applied for rapid determination of chlorophylls, carotenoids and pheophytins; as degradation products of chlorophylls. High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was used for effective separation of these compounds, and also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for determination of heavy metals as indicator of environmental pollution. Based on the results obtained from UV-vis spectrophotometric determination of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), it was confirmed that Chlorella vulgaris contains more of all these pigments compared to the cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis. The fastest mobility compound identified in Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis using HPTLC method was β-carotene. Spectral analysis and standard calibration curve method were used for identification and quantification of separated substances on Thin-Layer Chromatographic plate. Quantification of copper (Cu2+, at 324.7 nm) and zinc (Zn2+, at 213.9nm) was performed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with air-acetylene flame atomization. Quantification of cadmium (Cd2+, at 228.8 nm), nickel (Ni2+, at 232.0nm) and lead (Pb2+, at 283.3nm) by Electrothermal Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry; and quantification of mercury (Hg2+, at 254nm) by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
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Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6040042. [PMID: 28937585 PMCID: PMC5750618 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health. Thus, a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed. More than 8000 different phenolic compounds have been characterized; fruits and vegetables are the prime sources of natural antioxidants. In order to extract, measure, and identify bioactive compounds from a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, researchers use multiple techniques and methods. This review includes a brief description of a wide range of different assays. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of phenolic natural products from fruits and vegetables are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq.
| | - Naoufal Lakhssassi
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Plant Biotechnology and Genome Core-Facility, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Azam Baharlouei
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Plant Biotechnology and Genome Core-Facility, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Dennis G Watson
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Plant Biotechnology and Genome Core-Facility, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - David A Lightfoot
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Plant Biotechnology and Genome Core-Facility, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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Wang N, Manabe Y, Sugawara T, Paul NA, Zhao J. Identification and biological activities of carotenoids from the freshwater alga Oedogonium intermedium. Food Chem 2017; 242:247-255. [PMID: 29037686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemical and biological properties of carotenoids in the freshwater alga Oedogonium intermedium were investigated in this study. Carotenoids were extracted from the alga by dichloromethane and purified by saponification. The carotenoid content was determined both spectrometrically and by HPLC, the carotenoids identified by HPLC-PDA-APCI-IT-TOF-MS and the extracts analysed for several health-related bioactivities. The crude and saponified extracts contained 3,411.2±20.7 and 2,929.6±5.9µg carotenoids/g dry algal biomass, respectively. Seven major carotenoids were identified, namely neoxanthin, 9'-cis-neoxanthin, loroxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, α-carotene and β-carotene, which were present in similar amounts in the alga. Both the crude and saponified carotenoid extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activities as well as potent inhibitory effects against several metabolically important enzymes including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase and hyaluronidase, but they were poor inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Oedogonium could be an important new source of carotenoids, specifically loroxanthin, which is lacking in terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Marine Bioproducts Technology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Marine Bioproducts Technology, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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Diprat AB, Menegol T, Boelter JF, Zmozinski A, Rodrigues Vale MG, Rodrigues E, Rech R. Chemical composition of microalgae Heterochlorella luteoviridis and Dunaliella tertiolecta with emphasis on carotenoids. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3463-3468. [PMID: 27885677 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae have been used as food supplements owing to their high protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid and carotenoid contents. As different carotenoids have distinct properties and the carotenoid composition of microalgae has been poorly explored in the literature, this study determined the complete carotenoid composition of two microalgae species, Heterochlorella luteoviridis and Dunaliella tertiolecta, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/MS2 ). Additionally, the proximate composition and major minerals were evaluated. RESULTS The carotenoid composition of the two microalgae was similar, with 13 carotenoids being found in H. luteoviridis and 12 in D. tertiolecta. The major carotenoids were all-trans-lutein (1.18 mg g-1 in H. luteoviridis and 1.59 mg g-1 in D. tertiolecta), all-trans-violaxanthin (0.52 mg g-1 in H. luteoviridis and 0.45 mg g-1 in D. tertiolecta) and all-trans-β-carotene (0.50 mg g-1 in H. luteoviridis and 0.62 mg g-1 in D. tertiolecta). All-trans-lutein was the predominant carotenoid in both microalgae, representing around 40% (mass fraction) of the total carotenoids. The lutein content found in these microalgae was significantly higher (2-40 times) than that in other important food sources of lutein (e.g. parsley, carrot, red pepper and broccoli). CONCLUSION The microalgae H. luteoviridis and D. tertiolecta are excellent sources of lutein that could be commercially exploited by the food and pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, it was confirmed that both microalgae are good sources of protein, lipids and calcium. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Bacalau Diprat
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RGS, Brazil
| | - Tania Menegol
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RGS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira Boelter
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RGS, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zmozinski
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RGS, Brazil
| | | | - Eliseu Rodrigues
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RGS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Rech
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RGS, Brazil
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Chiu HF, Liao JY, Lu YY, Han YC, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects ofDunaliella salinaon human KB oral carcinoma cells. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine; Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Well-being; Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jin-Yi Liao
- Department of Nutrition; School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Ying Lu
- Department of Neurology; Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- Department of Nutrition; School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- Department of Health Diet Management, School of Health Diet and Industry Management; Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Nutrition; School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
| | - Oksana Golovinskaia
- Department of Food Science, ITMO University; 9, Lomonosova Street Saint-Peterburg Russia
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Department of Nutrition; School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University; 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road Taichung City Taiwan, ROC
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Jaeschke DP, Menegol T, Rech R, Mercali GD, Marczak LDF. Carotenoid and lipid extraction from Heterochlorella luteoviridis using moderate electric field and ethanol. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Rivera Vélez SM. Guide for Carotenoid Identification in Biological Samples. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1473-1484. [PMID: 27158746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been considerable interest in carotenoids with respect to their biological roles in animals, microorganisms, and plants, in addition to their use in the chemical, cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, poultry, and other industries. However, the structural diversity, the different range of concentration, and the presence of cis/trans-isomers complicate the identification of carotenoids. This review provides updated information on their physical and chemical properties as well as spectroscopic and chromatographic data for the unambiguous determination of carotenoids in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Maiam Rivera Vélez
- Program in Individualized Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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44
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Bernstein PS, Li B, Vachali PP, Gorusupudi A, Shyam R, Henriksen BS, Nolan JM. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 50:34-66. [PMID: 26541886 PMCID: PMC4698241 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human macula uniquely concentrates three carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin must be obtained from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables and orange and yellow fruits and vegetables, while meso-zeaxanthin is rarely found in diet and is believed to be formed at the macula by metabolic transformations of ingested carotenoids. Epidemiological studies and large-scale clinical trials such as AREDS2 have brought attention to the potential ocular health and functional benefits of these three xanthophyll carotenoids consumed through the diet or supplements, but the basic science and clinical research underlying recommendations for nutritional interventions against age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases are underappreciated by clinicians and vision researchers alike. In this review article, we first examine the chemistry, biochemistry, biophysics, and physiology of these yellow pigments that are specifically concentrated in the macula lutea through the means of high-affinity binding proteins and specialized transport and metabolic proteins where they play important roles as short-wavelength (blue) light-absorbers and localized, efficient antioxidants in a region at high risk for light-induced oxidative stress. Next, we turn to clinical evidence supporting functional benefits of these carotenoids in normal eyes and for their potential protective actions against ocular disease from infancy to old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Binxing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Preejith P Vachali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Aruna Gorusupudi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Rajalekshmy Shyam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Bradley S Henriksen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Vision Research Centre, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland.
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45
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Two Novel Algicidal Isolates Kill Chlorella pyrenoidosa by Inhibiting their Host Antioxidase Activities. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:567-76. [PMID: 26194712 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the biocontrol of harmful algal blooms, there has been considerable interest about the role of algicidal bacteria in algicidal activity. In this experiment, two novel algicidal bacteria (strains NP23 and AM11) against Chlorella pyrenoidosa were isolated from the Baiguishan reservoir in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains NP23 and AM11 belonged to Enterobacter cloacae and Gibberella moniliformis, respectively. To further understand the algicidal activities, five parameters including the chlorophyll a content, cell survival rate, superoxide dismutase (SOD) peroxide dismutase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were tested in the C. pyrenoidosa cells after inoculation with the algicidal bacteria Enterobacter cloacae NP23 and Gibberella moniliformis AM11. As a result, the growth of the treated C. pyrenoidosa was significantly restrained with a great decline of chlorophyll a content. Meanwhile, three antioxidase activities of the treated C. pyrenoidosa were initially stimulated from day 1 to day 3 but then dramatically inhibited at low level. These results induced that the oxidative imbalance (i.e., inhibition of antioxidase activities) caused by algicidal bacteria could be the killing agent of the C. pyrenoidosa cells.
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46
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Altemimi A, Choudhary R, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. Effects of ultrasonic treatments on the polyphenol and antioxidant content of spinach extracts. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 24:247-55. [PMID: 25465093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to test ultrasound treatments on spinach leaves during extraction, and conventional extraction was used as a control. The effects of different combinations of the ultrasonic water bath factors tested on phenolic compound yields included frequency (37 and 80 kHz), exposure time (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min), temperature (30, 40, and 50°C), and ultrasonic power (30%, 50%, and 70%). The best conditions for extraction yields were ultrasonic frequency of 37 kHz, extraction time of 30 min, reaction temperature of 40°C, and ultrasonic power of 50%. The mean yield (mg/100g), total phenol (mg gallic acid/g DW), flavonoids (mg/g DW), % DPPH free-radical scavenging activity, and % ferric reducing antioxidant power were all high (64.88 ± 21.84, 33.96 ± 11.30, 27.37 ± 11.85, 64.18 ± 16.69 and 70.25 ± 9.68). Treatments were significantly different. The interaction among the ultrasonic parameters was significant. Temperature and power had significant effects on all other dependent variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Altemimi
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Ruplal Choudhary
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Dennis G Watson
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - David A Lightfoot
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Liu JS, Chiang TH, Wang JS, Lin LJ, Chao WC, Inbaraj BS, Lu JF, Chen BH. Induction of p53-independent growth inhibition in lung carcinoma cell A549 by gypenosides. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1697-709. [PMID: 25781909 PMCID: PMC4511366 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to investigate antiproliferative effect and mechanisms of bioactive compounds from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (G. pentaphyllum) on lung carcinoma cell A549. Saponins, carotenoids and chlorophylls were extracted and fractionated by column chromatography, and were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. The saponin fraction, which consisted mainly of gypenoside (Gyp) XXII and XXIII, rather than the carotenoid and chlorophyll ones, was effective in inhibiting A549 cell growth in a concentration- and a time-dependent manner as evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The estimated half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Gyp on A549 cells was 30.6 μg/ml. Gyp was further demonstrated to induce an apparent arrest of the A549 cell cycle at both the S phase and the G2/M phase, accompanied by a concentration- and a time-dependent increase in the proportions of both the early and late apoptotic cells. Furthermore, Gyp down-regulated cellular expression of cyclin A and B as well as BCL-2, while up-regulated the expression of BAX, DNA degradation factor 35 KD, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, p53, p21 and caspase-3. Nevertheless, both the treatment of a p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α, and the small hairpin RNA-mediated p53 knockdown in the A549 cells did not alter the growth inhibition effect induced by Gyp. As a result, the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of A549 cells induced by Gyp would most likely proceed through p53-independent pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sen Liu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Shyan Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ju Lin
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chao
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Jyh-Feng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Kapinová A, Kubatka P, Kružliak P, Mokáň M, Péč M, Kassayová M, Bojková B, Dobrota D. Chlorella pyrenoidosa, young barley and fruit peel polyphenols in rat breast cancer model - the effects on plasma lipid metabolism. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Jourdan M, Gagné S, Dubois-Laurent C, Maghraoui M, Huet S, Suel A, Hamama L, Briard M, Peltier D, Geoffriau E. Carotenoid content and root color of cultivated carrot: a candidate-gene association study using an original broad unstructured population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116674. [PMID: 25614987 PMCID: PMC4304819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated in large amounts in carrot, carotenoids are an important product quality attribute and therefore a major breeding trait. However, the knowledge of carotenoid accumulation genetic control in this root vegetable is still limited. In order to identify the genetic variants linked to this character, we performed an association mapping study with a candidate gene approach. We developed an original unstructured population with a broad genetic basis to avoid the pitfall of false positive detection due to population stratification. We genotyped 109 SNPs located in 17 candidate genes – mostly carotenoid biosynthesis genes – on 380 individuals, and tested the association with carotenoid contents and color components. Total carotenoids and β-carotene contents were significantly associated with genes zeaxanthin epoxydase (ZEP), phytoene desaturase (PDS) and carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) while α-carotene was associated with CRTISO and plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) genes. Color components were associated most significantly with ZEP. Our results suggest the involvement of the couple PDS/PTOX and ZEP in carotenoid accumulation, as the result of the metabolic and catabolic activities respectively. This study brings new insights in the understanding of the carotenoid pathway in non-photosynthetic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Jourdan
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Séverine Gagné
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Cécile Dubois-Laurent
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mohamed Maghraoui
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sébastien Huet
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anita Suel
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mathilde Briard
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Didier Peltier
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Emmanuel Geoffriau
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- * E-mail:
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50
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Gupta P, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R. A rapid and sensitive method for determination of carotenoids in plant tissues by high performance liquid chromatography. PLANT METHODS 2015; 11:5. [PMID: 25688283 PMCID: PMC4329677 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-015-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary carotenoids serve as precursor for vitamin A and prevent several chronic-degenerative diseases. The carotenoid profiling is necessary to understand their importance on human health. However, the available high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods to resolve the major carotenoids require longer analysis times and do not adequately resolve the violaxanthin and neoxanthin. RESULTS A fast and sensitive HPLC method was developed using a C30 column at 20°C with a gradient consisting of methanol, methyl-tert-butyl ether and water. A total of 15 major carotenoids, including 14 all-trans forms and one cis form were resolved within 20 min. The method also distinctly resolved violaxanthin and neoxanthin present in green tissues. Additionally this method also resolved geometrical isomers of the carotenoids. CONCLUSION The HPLC coupled with C30 column efficiently resolved fifteen carotenoids and their isomers in shorter runtime of 20 min. Application of this method to diverse matrices such as tomato fruits and leaves, Arabidopsis leaves and green pepper fruits showed the versatility and robustness of the method. The method would be useful for high throughput analysis of large number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Gupta
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
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