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Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Wong S, Dolzhenko AV, Gegechkori V, Ku H, Tucci J, Morton DW. Evaluation of bioactive compounds from Ficus carica L. leaf extracts via high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with effect-directed analysis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464241. [PMID: 37541060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This study compares different solvent systems with the use of spontaneous fermentation on the phytochemical composition of leaf extracts from a locally grown white variety of common fig (Ficus carica Linn.). The aim was to detect and identify bioactive compounds that are responsible for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-amylase and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme inhibition, and compounds that exhibit antimicrobial activity. Bioactive zones in chromatograms were detected by combining High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) with enzymatic and biological assays. A new experimental protocol for measuring the relative half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) was designed to evaluate the potency of the extracts compared to the potency of known inhibitors. Although the IC50 of the fig leaf extract for α-amylase and AChE inhibition were significantly higher when compared to IC50 for acarbose and donepezil, the COX-1 inhibition by the extract (IC50 = 627 µg) was comparable to that of salicylic acid (IC50 = 557 µg), and antimicrobial activity of the extract (IC50 = 375-511 µg) was similar to ampicillin (IC50 = 495 µg). Four chromatographic zones exhibited bioactivity. Compounds from detected bioactive bands were provisionally identified by comparing the band positions to coeluted standards, and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra from eluted zones. Flash chromatography was used to separate selected extract into fractions and isolate fractions that are rich in bioactive compounds for further characterisation with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The main constituents identified were umbelliferon (zone 1), furocoumarins psoralen and bergapten (zone 2), different fatty acids (zone 3 and 4), and pentacyclic triterpenoids (calotropenyl acetate or lupeol) and stigmasterol (zone 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia.
| | - Sheryn Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Vladimir Gegechkori
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Heng Ku
- CSIRO Environment, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
| | - David W Morton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
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Processing Technologies for the Extraction of Value-Added Bioactive Compounds from Tea. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-023-09338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Fig latex inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria invading human diabetic wounds and accelerates wound closure in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21852. [PMID: 36528674 PMCID: PMC9759588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is one of the most critical complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Infections and foot ulcers are major causes of morbidity for diabetic patients. The current treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, commonly used antibiotics, is associated with the development of bacterial resistance. Hence, novel and more effective natural therapeutic antibacterial agents are urgently needed and should be developed against the pathogenic bacteria inhabiting diabetic wounds. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of fig latex on pathogenic bacteria and its ability to promote the healing process of diabetic wounds. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated from patients with diabetic foot ulcers admitted to Assiut University Hospital. Fig latex was collected from trees in the Assiut region, and its chemical composition was analyzed using GC‒MS. The antibacterial efficacy of fig latex was assessed on the isolated bacteria. An in vivo study to investigate the effect of fig latex on diabetic wound healing was performed using three mouse groups: nondiabetic control mice, diabetic mice and diabetic mice treated with fig latex. The influence of fig latex on the expression levels of β-defensin-1, PECAM-1, CCL2 and ZO-1 and collagen formation was investigated. The GC‒MS analysis demonstrated the presence of triterpenoids, comprising more than 90% of the total latex content. Furthermore, using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model, topical treatment of diabetic wound tissues with fig latex was shown to accelerate and improve wound closure by increasing the expression levels of β-defensin-1, collagen, and PECAM-1 compared to untreated diabetic wounds. Additionally, fig latex decreased the expression levels of ZO-1 and CCL2.
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Yassien EE, Mohamed AMS, Mahmoud ME, Zaki AM. Sodium benzoate induced toxicities in albino male rats: mitigating effects of Ficus carica and Cymbopogon citratus leave extract. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90567-90579. [PMID: 35871196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbal products have become widely used in managing and treating a wide range of illnesses. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and protective effects of Cymbopogon citratus ethyl acetate and Ficus carica hexane leave extract (200 mg/kg b.w for both) on sodium benzoate (SB) (200 mg/kg b.w) toxicity in rats. For 6 weeks, four groups of five rats each (control, SB, F. carica + SB, and C. citrates + SB). Blood sample (liver, kidney) tissue and histological examination were used at the end of the experiment. According to the findings, the extracts have significant concentrations of total flavonoids, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity. Oxidative stress caused by SB exposure induced an increase in ALT, AST, ALP, glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, TG, TC, LDL, and MDA, while insulin and SOD were decreased. Furthermore, the biochemical alterations generated by SB in the blood serum, homogenate, liver, and kidney tissue were significantly reduced by C. citratus ethyl acetate and F. carica hexane leave extracts (P < 0.05). The leaf extracts of the examined plants had significant curative and preventive effects in SB-induced liver and kidney damage, resulting in diminished liver and kidney biomarker enzymes, an improved antioxidant defense system, and lipid peroxidation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E Yassien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Amina M S Mohamed
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Adel M Zaki
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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The Effects of Ficus carica on Male and Female Reproductive Capabilities in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1799431. [PMID: 36317103 PMCID: PMC9617696 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1799431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The basic purpose of pharmacology is to look into the benefits of natural remedies and make them available to the general populace. Herbal medicines are now considered to be the future of humanity. The current study explored the effects of Ficus carica (FC) extract in rats of two-generation F0 (parents) and F1 (offspring) in either sex. The F. carica extract was initially tested for acute and sub-chronic toxicity. Extracts were also tested for fertility assessment and effects on reproductive hormones like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), estradiol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), insulin, progesterone, and prolactin. The antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated by testing mRNA expressions of SOD2, GPX1, CAT, and GR in male testes and female ovaries. The animals treated with 100 mg/kg FC extract produced a more pronounced fertility effect in both genders. Expression of CAT, SOD2, GPX1, and GR was found to be increased in the reproductive organs of both sexes. Histology of the testes reveals increased spermatogenesis and increased folliculogenesis in ovaries. The hormone profile showed an increase in FSH, DHT, estradiol, and DHEAS levels in males and FSH, LH, estrogen, and DHEAS in females. The results of the study establish the effectiveness of natural products in improving fertility issues in either sex.
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Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion for the Extraction of Polyphenolic Compounds from Grape Skin. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9090235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are organic compounds that can be found in food, especially in fruits, vegetables, and their products. It was shown that their presence significantly affects the properties of food products and that the consumption of food rich in phenolic compounds has a beneficial effect on human health. The subjects of this research were polyphenols: anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols in the skin of grapevine variety Regent. Polyphenols from grape skins were extracted via microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) as unconventional and green techniques. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to optimize the conditions for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from grape skin using MAE and MSPD. The extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector and fluorescence detector. Analyses showed that MAE was a very effective method for extracting polyphenolic compounds from grape skin with 10 mL of 60% ethanol for 5 min at 40 °C. The best results for the MSPD extraction of polyphenolic compounds from grape skin were obtained with phenyl as an MSPD sorbent with 10 mL of acetonitrile:water 50:50 v/v as an elution solvent. This scientific research can be used for the better use of grapes as a basis for obtaining flavonoids for commercial purposes.
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Din AU, Khan M, Shah MZ, Rauf A, Rashid U, Khalil AA, Zaman K, Al-Awthan YS, Al-Duais MA, Bahattab O, Mujawah AA, Muhammad N. Antidiabetic Activity of Ficusonolide, a Triterpene Lactone from Ficus foveolata (Wall. ex Miq.): In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27351-27357. [PMID: 34693155 PMCID: PMC8529651 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic condition which is locally managed through the stem of Ficus foveolata. To find the exact chemical constituent responsible for this activity, a triterpene lactone (ficusonolide) isolated from F. foveolata was studied for antidiabetic potential through the in vitro antidiabetic paradigm employing L-6 cells and an in vivo antidiabetic assay against non-insulin-dependent rats. The results on glucose uptake in the L-6 cell line indicated that ficusonolide has enhanced the uptake of glucose by 53.27% over control at a dose of 100 μg/mL, while at doses of 50 and 25 μg/mL, the glucose uptake was enhanced by 22.42 and 14.34%, respectively. The extract of F. foveolata (100 mg/kg) and ficusonolide (50 mg/kg) demonstrated a significant (p < 0.001) decline in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia of diabetic rats. Ficusonolide displayed conspicuous inhibitory activity against the molecular docking studies with proteins such as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B), α-glucosidase, and α-amylase subjected to molecular targets. Detailed computational and structural insights affirmed promising interactions between target proteins and ficusonolide. In conclusion, the plant and its isolated compound have significant antidiabetic activity with a possible mechanism of interaction with DPP-IV, PTP-1B, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Ud Din
- Department
of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda 24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Maria Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda 24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahir Shah
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Fucntional Molecule, North West University, Xian 710127, P.
R. China
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University
Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health
Sciences, The University of Lahore, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khair Zaman
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yahya S. Al-Awthan
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Duais
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry
Unit, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yeme
| | - Omar Bahattab
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil A.H. Mujawah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul
Wali Khan
University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Salem MZM, Mohamed AA, Ali HM, Al Farraj DA. Characterization of Phytoconstituents from Alcoholic Extracts of Four Woody Species and Their Potential Uses for Management of Six Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Identified from Some Plant Hosts. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071325. [PMID: 34209682 PMCID: PMC8309064 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Trees are good sources of bioactive compounds as antifungal and antioxidant activities. Methods: Management of six molecularly identified Fusarium oxysporum isolates (F. oxy 1, F. oxy 2, F. oxy 3, F. oxy 4, F. oxy 5 and F. oxy 6, under the accession numbers MW854648, MW854649, MW854650, MW854651, and MW854652, respectively) was assayed using four extracts from Conium maculatum leaves, Acacia saligna bark, Schinus terebinthifolius wood and Ficus eriobotryoides leaves. All the extracts were analyzed using HPLC-VWD for phenolic and flavonoid compounds and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid (BCB) bleaching assays. Results: In mg/kg extract, the highest amounts of polyphenolic compounds p-hydroxy benzoic, benzoic, gallic, and rosmarinic acids, with 444.37, 342.16, 311.32 and 117.87, respectively, were observed in C. maculatum leaf extract; gallic and benzoic acids with 2551.02, 1580.32, respectively, in A. saligna bark extract; quinol, naringenin, rutin, catechol, and benzoic acid with 2530.22, 1224.904, 798.29, 732.28, and 697.73, respectively, in S. terebinthifolius wood extract; and rutin, o-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, resveratrol, and rosmarinic acid with 9168.03, 2016.93, 1009.20, 1156.99, and 574.907, respectively, in F. eriobotryoides leaf extract. At the extract concentration of 1250 mg/L, the antifungal activity against the growth of F. oxysporum strains showed that A. saligna bark followed by C. maculatum leaf extracts had the highest inhibition percentage of fungal growth (IPFG%) against F. oxy 1 with 80% and 79.5%, F. oxy 2 with 86.44% and 78.9%, F. oxy 3 with 86.4% and 84.2%, F. oxy 4 with 84.2, and 82.1%, F. oxy 5 with 88.4% and 86.9%, and F. oxy 6 with 88.9, and 87.1%, respectively. For the antioxidant activity, ethanolic extract from C. maculatum leaves showed the lowest concentration that inhibited 50% of DPPH free radical (3.4 μg/mL). Additionally, the same extract observed the lowest concentration (4.5 μg/mL) that inhibited BCB bleaching. Conclusions: Extracts from A. saligna bark and C. maculatum leaves are considered potential candidates against the growth of F. oxysporum isolates—a wilt pathogen—and C. maculatum leaf as a potent antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Z. M. Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Abeer A. Mohamed
- Plant Pathology Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Alexandria 21616, Egypt;
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dunia A. Al Farraj
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Li Z, Yang Y, Liu M, Zhang C, Shao J, Hou X, Tian J, Cui Q. A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, bioactivities, toxicity studies, and clinical studies on Ficus carica Linn. leaves. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111393. [PMID: 33761610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Ficus carica Linn. (FC) have been widely used for medicine purposes since ancient times, and its decoction is consumed as tea. Many scientific papers have been published in the literature and the researchers across the world are still exploring the health benefits of FC leaves. In this review, we have collected the literature published since 2010 in the databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar and local classic herbal literature. The summary of the chemical constituents in FC leaves, biological activities, toxicity studies, and clinical studies carried out on FC leaves is provided in this review. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of the active constituents in FC leaves are also comprehended. FC leaves are reported to 126 constituents out of which the polyphenolic compounds are predominant. Many scientific studies have proven the antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective activities. Many studies have carried out to provide the insights on molecular pathways involved in the biological activities of FC leaves. The toxicity studies have suggested that FC leaves exhibit toxicity only at very high doses. We believe this review serve as a comprehensive resource for those who are interested to understand the scientific evidence that support the medicinal values of FC leaves and also the research gaps to further improve the commercial value and health benefits of FC leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chenghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Junjing Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xuewen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China.
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China.
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Mahmoudi S, Barrocas Dias C, Manhita A, Boutoumi H, Charif R. Formulation of goat's milk yogurt with fig powder: Aromatic profile, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2021; 27:712-725. [PMID: 33412945 DOI: 10.1177/1082013220983961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fig (Ficus carica L.) is an excellent source of sugars, dietary fibers, minerals, vitamins, organic acids and phytochemicals. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of fig powder supplement, as a natural sweetener and flavoring agent, on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of goat's milk yogurt. It aimed also to determine antioxidant capacity and volatile profile using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Pyrolysis-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS) was also used for the characterization of fig powder. Fig powder exhibited an important antioxidant activity against DPPH. Radical (IC50 = 1.92 ± 0.05 mg per mL). Volatile compounds, from several classes (acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, triterpenoids and others) were identified in fig powder. Py-GC/MS data revealed that degradation of fig powder macromolecules leaded to the formation of several aromatic and volatile compounds such as fatty acids, ketones, aromatic phenols, lactones among others. The addition of fig powder increased significantly (p < 0.05) the titrable acidity, the total solids, the carbohydrate content, and the total lactic acid bacteria count of yogurts. Likewise, fig powder supplement improved yogurt taste, texture and aroma and covered the unpleasant flavor of goat's milk. Thus, fig powder is a natural sweetener and flavoring agent that can be used to formulate a new stirred goat's yogurt of good quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhila Mahmoudi
- Department of Agronomic Sciences, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, Msila, Algeria
| | | | - Ana Manhita
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Portugal
| | - Hocine Boutoumi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Blida, Algeria
| | - Rahma Charif
- Department of Agronomic Sciences, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, Msila, Algeria
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11
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Ashraf K, Haque MR, Amir M, Ahmad N, Ahmad W, Sultan S, Ali Shah SA, Mahmoud Alafeefy A, Mujeeb M, Bin Shafie MF. An Overview of Phytochemical and Biological Activities: Ficus deltoidea Jack and Other Ficus spp. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:11-25. [PMID: 34084044 PMCID: PMC8142919 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_232_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a well-known medicinal plant used in customary medication among the Malay people to reduce and mend sicknesses such as ulcers, psoriasis, cytotoxicity, cardioprotective, inflammation, jaundice, vitiligo, hemorrhage, diabetes, convulsion, hepatitis, dysentery injuries, wounds, and stiffness. Ficus deltoidea contains a wide variety of bioactive compounds from different phytochemical groups such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, terpenes, carbohydrates, and proteins. The genus Ficus has several hundreds of species, which shows excellent therapeutic effects and a wide variety of helpful properties for human welfare. Searching information was collected by using electronic databases including Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, SciFinder, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar. This review is, therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on its pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of Ficus and its important species. This summary could be beneficial for future research aiming to exploit the therapeutic potential of Ficus and its useful medicinal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ashraf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niyaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia Sultan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Alafeefy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Muhammad Fikriey Bin Shafie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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12
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Guan Y, Sun B. Detection and extraction of heavy metal ions using paper-based analytical devices fabricated via atom stamp printing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:14. [PMID: 34567629 PMCID: PMC8433178 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As a promising concept, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have seen rapid development in recent years. In this study, a new method of fabricating μPADs by atom stamp printing (ASP) is proposed and studied. The advantages of this new method compared to other methods include its low cost, ease of operation, high production efficiency, and high resolution (the minimum widths of the hydrophilic channels and hydrophobic barriers are 328 and 312 μm, respectively). As a proof of concept, μPADs fabricated with the ASP method were used to detect different concentrations of Cu2+ via a colorimetric method. Moreover, combined with a distance-based detection method, these devices achieved a Cu2+ detection limit of down to 1 mg/L. In addition, a new paper-based solid-liquid extraction device (PSED) based on a three-dimensional (3D) μPAD with a "3 + 2" structure and a recyclable extraction mode was developed. Specifically, using the characteristics of paper filtration and capillary force, the device completed multiple extraction and filtration steps from traditional solid-liquid extraction processes with high efficiency. The developed PSED platform allows the detection of heavy metal ions much more cheaply and simply and with a faster response time at the point of care, and it has great promise for applications in food safety and environmental pollution in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Guan
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of technology, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Baichuan Sun
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of technology, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
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13
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Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Croley CR, Bhattacharyya P, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Antiangiogenic Effects of Coumarins against Cancer: From Chemistry to Medicine. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234278. [PMID: 31771270 PMCID: PMC6930449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of formation and recruitment of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, plays an important role in the development of cancer. Therefore, the use of antiangiogenic agents is one of the most critical strategies for the treatment of cancer. In addition, the complexity of cancer pathogenicity raises the need for multi-targeting agents. Coumarins are multi-targeting natural agents belonging to the class of benzopyrones. Coumarins have several biological and pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticoagulant, anxiolytic, analgesic, and anticancer properties. Several reports have shown that the anticancer effect of coumarins and their derivatives are mediated through targeting angiogenesis by modulating the functions of vascular endothelial growth factor as well as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which are involved in cancer pathogenesis. In the present review, we focus on the antiangiogenic effects of coumarins and related structure-activity relationships with particular emphasis on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Majnooni
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran;
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | | | - Piyali Bhattacharyya
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Recinto de Gurabo, Gurabo, PR 00778, USA;
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; or
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
- Correspondence: (M.H.F.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.H.F.); or (A.B.)
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14
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dos Santos EO, Gonzales JO, Ores JC, Marube LC, Caldas SS, Furlong EB, Primel EG. Sand as a solid support in ultrasound-assisted MSPD: A simple, green and low-cost method for multiresidue pesticide determination in fruits and vegetables. Food Chem 2019; 297:124926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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15
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Ayoub L, Hassan F, Hamid S, Abdelhamid Z, Souad A. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential of Ficus carica and Olea europaea leaves. Bioinformation 2019; 15:226-232. [PMID: 31354199 PMCID: PMC6637399 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is our interest to screen Oela europaea L and Ficus carica L leaf extract for total phenolic, flavonoid contents and to evaluate their free radical scavenging and Ferric reducing power (FRAP) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Data shows that Olea europaea and Ficus carica have strong antioxidant potency to scavenge free radical at an optimal phenolic and flavonoid concentration. Results further suggest a strong correlation between antioxidant activities, phenolic and flavonoid contents. Thus, the screening of Ficus carica and Olea europaea leaf extracts for potential antioxidants as source of drugs for several diseases especially oxidative stress and cancers is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahmadi Ayoub
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Agri-Food (URAC 36) - Faculty of Sciences and Techniques - Mohammedia, Hassan II
university Casablanca- Morocco
| | - Filali Hassan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Agri-Food (URAC 36) - Faculty of Sciences and Techniques - Mohammedia, Hassan II
university Casablanca- Morocco
| | - Samaki Hamid
- National Institute of Social Action (INAS), Tangier, Morocco
| | - Zaid Abdelhamid
- Environment and Health. Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes Morocco
| | - Aboudkhil Souad
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Agri-Food (URAC 36) - Faculty of Sciences and Techniques - Mohammedia, Hassan II
university Casablanca- Morocco
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16
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Villard C, Larbat R, Munakata R, Hehn A. Defence mechanisms of Ficus: pyramiding strategies to cope with pests and pathogens. PLANTA 2019; 249:617-633. [PMID: 30689053 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ficus species have adapted to diverse environments and pests by developing physical or chemical protection strategies. Physical defences are based on the accumulation of minerals such as calcium oxalate crystals, amorphous calcium carbonates and silica that lead to tougher plants. Additional cellular structures such as non-glandular trichomes or laticifer cells make the leaves rougher or sticky upon injury. Ficus have also established structures that are able to produce specialized metabolites (alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics) or proteins (proteases, protease inhibitors, oxidases, and chitinases) that are toxic to predators. All these defence mechanisms are distributed throughout the plant and can differ depending on the genotype, the stage of development or the environment. In this review, we present an overview of these strategies and discuss how these complementary mechanisms enable effective and flexible adaptation to numerous hostile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Villard
- UMR1121, Université de Lorraine-INRA Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement ENSAIA, 2 Avenue Forêt de Haye, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Romain Larbat
- UMR1121, Université de Lorraine-INRA Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement ENSAIA, 2 Avenue Forêt de Haye, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ryosuke Munakata
- UMR1121, Université de Lorraine-INRA Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement ENSAIA, 2 Avenue Forêt de Haye, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alain Hehn
- UMR1121, Université de Lorraine-INRA Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement ENSAIA, 2 Avenue Forêt de Haye, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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17
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Wianowska D, Gil M. New insights into the application of MSPD in various fields of analytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Arvaniti OS, Samaras Y, Gatidou G, Thomaidis NS, Stasinakis AS. Review on fresh and dried figs: Chemical analysis and occurrence of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant capacity and health effects. Food Res Int 2019; 119:244-267. [PMID: 30884655 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fig fruit (Ficus carica L.) is one of the most important agricultural products of the tropic and subtropics areas. In the Middle East and the Mediterranean region, the fig is included in diet since the ancient years and it is considered as the symbol of longevity. This review presents the main phytochemical compounds found in fresh and dried figs of different varieties, describes the analytical methods used for their determination and discuss the antioxidant capacity and the potential effects of figs in human health. Phenolic acids and flavonoids are the major types of phytochemical compounds that have been found in fresh and dried figs. Their levels are strongly influenced by various factors such as the color, the part of fruit, the maturity and the drying process. Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and epicatechin are the most predominant phenolic acids and flavonoids in dried and fresh fig varieties. Extracts of dark-colored varieties contain higher amount of phenolic compounds than the light-colored varieties. Fruit skin contributes most to the amount of phenolic compounds compared to the fruit pulp. The ripening stage affects the concentrations of phenolic compounds in figs, the maximum have been found in ripe fruit. On the other hand, contradictory results have been reported in the literature regarding the effect of air- and sun- drying on the total content of phytochemical compounds, as well as on the concentrations of individual phenolic compounds and carotenoids in figs. The antioxidant capacity of figs is highly correlated with their amount of phenolic compounds. The leaves, roots, fruit and latex of the plant are known for their health properties including acetyl cholinesterase inhibition, antifungal, anti-helminthic and anticarcinogenic activities. Future efforts should be focused on the application of fig extracts as functional ingredients of food products, on clinical trials in order to confirm the beneficial effect of plant extracts in human health and, on the valorization of the waste material produced during figs' processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Arvaniti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Wine and Spirits Quality Control, Ionian University, Vergoti's Ave, 28100 Argostoli, Kefalonia, Greece.
| | - Yiannis Samaras
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Wine and Spirits Quality Control, Ionian University, Vergoti's Ave, 28100 Argostoli, Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Gatidou
- Department of Environment, Water and Air Quality Laboratory, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100 Mytilene, Lesvos, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios S Stasinakis
- Department of Environment, Water and Air Quality Laboratory, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100 Mytilene, Lesvos, Greece
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19
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Wang T, Jiao J, Gai QY, Wang P, Guo N, Niu LL, Fu YJ. Enhanced and green extraction polyphenols and furanocoumarins from Fig (Ficus carica L.) leaves using deep eutectic solvents. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:339-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Ikram S, Huang L, Zhang H, Wang J, Yin M. Composition and Nutrient Value Proposition of Brewers Spent Grain. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2232-2242. [PMID: 28833108 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG), a major brewing industry byproduct, is generated in large quantities annually. This review summarizes research into the composition and preservation of BSG, different extraction techniques for BSG proteins and phenolic acids, and the bioactivities of these phenolic components. Moreover, this article also highlights BSG integration into foodstuff for human consumption and animal feed supplements. BSG is considered a rich source of fiber, protein, and phenolic compounds. The phenolic acids present in BSG are hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids), which have many biofunctions, such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, and antiinflammatory activities. Previously, attempts have been made to integrate BSG into human food, such as ready-to-eat snacks, cookies and bread, to increase fiber and protein contents. The addition of BSG to animal feed leads to increased milk yields, higher fat contents in milk, and is a good source of essential amino acids. Therefore, many studies have concluded that integrating the biofunctional compounds in BSG into human food and animal feed has various health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ikram
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
| | - LianYan Huang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meng Yin
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
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21
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Sun A, Xu Q, Ren L, Cao G, Gou D. Non-equilibrium ultrasound-assisted solid–liquid extraction of boron present in different phases within plants by ICP-OES. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-equilibrium ultrasound-assisted solid–liquid extraction of boron present in different phases within plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aide Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection
- College of Resource and Environment
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
- China
| | - Qingcai Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection
- College of Resource and Environment
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
- China
| | - Liying Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection
- College of Resource and Environment
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
- China
| | - Guangjie Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection
- College of Resource and Environment
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
- China
| | - Dianda Gou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection
- College of Resource and Environment
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
- China
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22
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Maghsoudlou E, Esmaeilzadeh Kenari R, Raftani Amiri Z. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Fig (Ficus carica) Pulp and Skin Extract and Its Application in Enhancing Oxidative Stability of Canola Oil. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Maghsoudlou
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU); Khazar Abad Road, P.O. Box 578 Sari, Mazandaran Iran
| | - Reza Esmaeilzadeh Kenari
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU); Khazar Abad Road, P.O. Box 578 Sari, Mazandaran Iran
| | - Zeinab Raftani Amiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU); Khazar Abad Road, P.O. Box 578 Sari, Mazandaran Iran
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23
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Determining the true content of quercetin and its derivatives in plants employing SSDM and LC–MS analysis. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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El-Sakhawy F, Kassem H, Abou-Hussein D, El-Gayed S, Mostafa M, Ahmed R. Phytochemical investigation of the bioactive extracts of the leaves of Ficus cyathistipula Warb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:141-54. [PMID: 27096779 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus cyathistipula significantly reduced blood-glucose level, improved triglycerides and cholesterol levels of dyslipidemia in diabetic-rats. They similarly reduced the inflammation of paw-edema and stomach-ulcers in rats. Fractions obtained by successive partition of ethanolic extract were assessed for their cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities; Petroleum ether fraction was the most cytotoxic (IC(50) = 4.43 ± 0.2, 17.3 ± 2.22 and 15.5 ± 3.67 μg/ml on MCF7, HepG2 and HeLa cell lines, respectively). Ethyl acetate fraction was the strongest antioxidant in DPPH assay (IC(50) = 100 μg/ml). All samples exhibited low to strong antimicrobial activity. Chemical investigation of leaf extracts led to the isolation of α-amyrin palmitate (1), lupeol acetate (2), taraxerol (3), β-sitosterol (4), protocatechuic acid (5) and 3-O-caffeoyl quinic acid (6) that were identified via spectral and chromatographic analyses. Metabolite profiling was performed via UPLC-PDA-MS and revealed the presence of flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids, isoflavones, coumarins and fatty acids. Quantitative determination revealed 593 ± 0.5 mg BSE, 348.1 ± 0.09 mg GAE, 238.7 ± 0.5 mg rutin and 9 ± 0.5 g tannins per 100 g d.wt. of leaves. GLC analysis of lipid fraction revealed identification of phytosterols (15.6%), saturated (51.71%) and unsaturated (41.9%) fatty acids. Galactose, glucose, arabinose and glucoronic acid (36.98%, 28.86%, 22.56% and 1.06%, respectively) were identified by HPLC analysis of mucilage-hydrolysate.
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25
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Mahmoudi S, Khali M, Benkhaled A, Benamirouche K, Baiti I. Phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts from ten Algerian Ficus carica L. varieties. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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26
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Regueiro J, Wenzl T. Development and validation of a stable-isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of bisphenols in ready-made meals. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1414:110-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Wianowska D, Typek R, Dawidowicz AL. How to eliminate the formation of chlorogenic acids artefacts during plants analysis? Sea sand disruption method (SSDM) in the HPLC analysis of chlorogenic acids and their native derivatives in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:489-499. [PMID: 26231294 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The analytical procedures for determining plant constituents involve the application of sample preparation methods to fully isolate and/or pre-concentrate the analyzed substances. High-temperature liquid extraction is still applied most frequently for this purpose. The present paper shows that high-temperature extraction cannot be applied for the analysis of chlorogenic acids (CQAs) and their derivatives in plants as it causes the CQAs transformation leading to erroneous quantitative estimations of these compounds. Experiments performed on different plants (black elder, hawthorn, nettle, yerba maté, St John's wort and green coffee) demonstrate that the most appropriate method for the estimation of CQAs/CQAs derivatives is sea sand disruption method (SSDM) because it does not induce any transformation and/or degradation processes in the analyzed substances. Owing to the SSDM method application we found that the investigated plants, besides four main CQAs, contain sixteen CQAs derivatives, among them three quinic acids. The application of SSDM in plant analysis not only allows to establish a true concentration of individual CQAs in the examined plants but also to determine which chlorogenic acids derivatives are native plant components and what is their concentration level. What is even more important, the application of SSDM in plant analysis allows to eliminate errors that may arise or might have arisen in the study of chlorogenic acids and their derivatives in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wianowska
- Department of Chromatographic Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, pl. Maria Curie-Sklodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Rafał Typek
- Department of Chromatographic Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, pl. Maria Curie-Sklodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej L Dawidowicz
- Department of Chromatographic Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, pl. Maria Curie-Sklodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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28
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Wianowska D. Application of Sea Sand Disruption Method for HPLC Determination of Quercetin in Plants. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1012520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wianowska
- Department of Chromatographic Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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29
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Ammar S, Contreras MDM, Belguith-Hadrich O, Bouaziz M, Segura-Carretero A. New insights into the qualitative phenolic profile of Ficus carica L. fruits and leaves from Tunisia using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and their antioxidant activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16746e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RP-UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS gives new insights into the fig phenolic constituents that correlate with their antioxidant potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonda Ammar
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Granada
- Spain
- Laboratoire d'Électrochimie et Environnement
- École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Granada
- Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
| | - Olfa Belguith-Hadrich
- Laboratoire d'Électrochimie et Environnement
- École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax
- Université de Sfax
- Tunisia,
| | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- Laboratoire d'Électrochimie et Environnement
- École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax
- Université de Sfax
- Tunisia,
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Granada
- Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
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30
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Ammar S, del Mar Contreras M, Belguith-Hadrich O, Segura-Carretero A, Bouaziz M. Assessment of the distribution of phenolic compounds and contribution to the antioxidant activity in Tunisian fig leaves, fruits, skins and pulps using mass spectrometry-based analysis. Food Funct 2015; 6:3663-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The qualitative and quantitative phenolic composition explains the differences in the antioxidant activity of fig leaves, fruits, pulps, and skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonda Ammar
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Bioregión Building
- Health Science Technological Park
- Granada
- Spain
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Bioregión Building
- Health Science Technological Park
- Granada
- Spain
| | - Olfa Belguith-Hadrich
- Laboratoire d’Électrochimie et Environnement
- École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax BP “1173” 3038
- Université de Sfax
- Tunisia
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Bioregión Building
- Health Science Technological Park
- Granada
- Spain
| | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- Laboratoire d’Électrochimie et Environnement
- École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax BP “1173” 3038
- Université de Sfax
- Tunisia
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Application of Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Five Phenolic Compounds from Fig (Ficus carica L.) for HPLC-UV. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Takahashi T, Okiura A, Saito K, Kohno M. Identification of phenylpropanoids in fig (Ficus carica L.) leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10076-10083. [PMID: 25198243 DOI: 10.1021/jf5025938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the phenylpropanoid composition and antioxidant activity of identified components in fig (Ficus carica L.) leaves were examined. Known polyphenols rutin, isoschaftoside, isoquercetin, and chlorogenic acid were identified. Furthermore, caffeoylmalic acid (CMA) was the most abundant polyphenol and was identified for the first time. CMA exhibited antioxidant activity similar to that of vitamin C or catechin. Psoralen and bergapten were identified as known furanocoumarins, with psoralen being the most abundant. Moreover, psoralic acid glucoside (PAG) was identified for the first time. As a precursor of psoralen, PAG content was equivalent to the psoralen content in moles. Notably, the content of these compounds varied between the five fig varieties, and the furanocoumarin and PAG contents varied more than that of the polyphenols. Further investigations concerning the influence of CMA and PAG on human health are necessary to elucidate functionalities of fig leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takahashi
- Toyo Institute of Food Technology , 23-2, 4-chome, Minami-Hanayashiki, Kawanishi, Hyogo 666-0026, Japan
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Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Pugliese A, Menichini F, Tundis R. Chemical composition and bioactivity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica cultivars Dottato, San Francesco and Citrullara. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2179-2186. [PMID: 24338976 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, the chemical profile, antioxidant properties and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica (fig) cultivars Dottato, Citrullara, and San Francesco. RESULTS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of fig extracts identified terpenes, sterols and fatty acids as major constituents. The aroma profile of honey obtained from a mixture of the three cultivars was investigated by solid-phase micro-extraction/GC-MS. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone were the main compounds. Total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin content are also reported. The San Francesco cultivar is characterised by the highest phenol and flavonoid content, while Dottato showed the major anthocyanin content. The Dottato cultivar exhibited the best radical scavenging activity against both 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (IC50 values of 5.4 and 22.6 µg mL(-1) , respectively). This cultivar also showed the highest inhibitory activity against both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values of 26.9 and 31.8 µg mL(-1) , respectively. CONCLUSION Dried figs are a convenient source of bioactive compounds that demonstrated potential neuroprotection and antioxidant effects. Therefore, the addition of figs to the human diet should be recommended by dieticians and nutritionists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030, Rende, (CS), Italy
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34
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Arceusz A, Wesolowski M, Konieczynski P. Methods for Extraction and Determination of Phenolic Acids in Medicinal Plants: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids constitute a group of potentially immunostimulating compounds. They occur in all medicinal plants and are widely used in phytotherapy and foods of plant origin. In recent years, phenolic acids have attracted much interest owing to their biological functions. This paper reviews the extraction and determination methods of phenolic acids in medicinal plants over the last 10 years. Although Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) are commonly used for the extraction of phenolic acids from plant materials, alternative techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) can also be used. After extraction, phenolic acids are determined usually by liquid chromatography (LC) owing to the recent developments in this technique, especially when it is coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Also detection systems are discussed, including UV-Vis, diode array, electrochemical and fluorimetric. Other popular techniques for the analysis of this group of secondary metabolites are gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Arceusz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Wesolowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pawel Konieczynski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
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Marrelli M, Statti GA, Tundis R, Menichini F, Conforti F. Fatty acids, coumarins and polyphenolic compounds ofFicus caricaL. cv. Dottato: variation of bioactive compounds and biological activity of aerial parts. Nat Prod Res 2013; 28:271-4. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.841689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Debib A, Tir-Touil A, Mothana R, Meddah B, Sonnet P. Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Two Fruit Varieties of Algerian Ficus carica L. J Food Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Debib
- Bioconversion, Microbiological engineering and Health security; SNV Faculty; Université of Mascara; Mascara 29000 Algeria
| | - A. Tir-Touil
- Bioconversion, Microbiological engineering and Health security; SNV Faculty; Université of Mascara; Mascara 29000 Algeria
| | - R.A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - B. Meddah
- Bioconversion, Microbiological engineering and Health security; SNV Faculty; Université of Mascara; Mascara 29000 Algeria
- Equipe Thera.; Laboratore des glucides- FRE-CNRS 3517; UFR de Pharmacie; Université de Picardie; Amiens France
| | - P. Sonnet
- Equipe Thera.; Laboratore des glucides- FRE-CNRS 3517; UFR de Pharmacie; Université de Picardie; Amiens France
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37
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Characterization of Ficus carica L. cultivars by DNA and secondary metabolite analysis: Is genetic diversity reflected in the chemical composition? Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Kazemipoor M, Lorestani MA, Ansari M. EXTRACTION AND DETERMINATION OF BIOMARKERS IN FICUS CARICA L. LEAVES FROM VARIOUS SPECIES AND DIFFERENT CULTIVARS BY HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.639115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kazemipoor
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University , Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Ansari
- b Pharmaceutics Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman Medical Sciences University , Kerman , Iran
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39
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Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Lipase from Ficus carica Latex of Tunisian East Coast Zidi Variety. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Cobzac SC, Gocan S. CHROMATOGRAPHY: RECENT PROGRESS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.647193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Conforti F, Menichini G, Zanfini L, Tundis R, Statti GA, Provenzano E, Menichini F, Somma F, Alfano C. Evaluation of phototoxic potential of aerial components of the fig tree against human melanoma. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:279-85. [PMID: 22469077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, Ficus carica L. cultivar Dottato (F. carica) has not been studied from a phototoxic point of view. In the present work, aerial components of F. carica from Italy, were examined to assess their antioxidant and phototoxic activity on human melanoma cells. A relationship between antioxidant, phototoxic activities and chemical composition has also been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Coumarin and fatty acid content in F. carica leaves, bark and woody parts were examined and compared by capillary GC and GC/MS. Polyphenolic content was also determined. Linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH test were used to assess antioxidant activities, and MTT assay was used to evaluate anti-proliferative activity, on C32 human melanoma cells, after irradiation with a UVA dose of 1.08 J/cm(2). RESULTS Leaves demonstrated the best antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity in comparison to bark and wood. In particular, leaves were shown to possess the highest anti-radical activity and inhibition of peroxidation, with IC(50) values of 64 and 1.48 μg/ml respectively. The leaves had highest anti-proliferative activity with IC(50) value of 3.92 μg/ml. The phytochemical investigation revealed different composition between the coumarins, psoralen and bergapten, fatty acids, polyphenols and flavonoid content among plant parts. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained indicate that this type of fig tree may constitute an excellent source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, coumarins and fatty acids. This study offers a new perspective in developing others formulations potentially useful in photodynamic therapy for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Conforti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
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42
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Lazreg-Aref H, Mars M, Fekih A, Aouni M, Said K. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of a hexane extract of Tunisian caprifig latex from the unripe fruit of Ficus carica. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:407-412. [PMID: 22136172 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.608192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The plant kingdom has become a target in the search for new drugs and biologically active lead compounds. The common Jrani Tunisian caprifig Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) is one of the large number of plant species that are used in folklore medicine yet to be investigated for the treatment of many diseases, including those of infectious nature. OBJECTIVE Hexane extract of the Tunisian common Jrani caprifig latex was assayed for antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chemical composition of the extract was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hexane extract was obtained from Tunisian Jrani caprifig latex by maceration, and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The extract was tested in vitro for antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined for all the test cultures. RESULTS Thirty-six compounds of the extract were identified, 90.56% of the total area of peaks were coumarins. A strong bactericidal effect was demonstrated. The most sensitive bacteria were Staphylococcus saprophyticus clinical isolate, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with a MIC of 19 µg/mL. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate an effective in vitro antibacterial activity of the hexane extract of caprifig latex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Lazreg-Aref
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio ressources (UR 03ES09), Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Monastir, Tunisie.
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43
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Dawidowicz AL, Czapczyńska NB. Sea Sand Disruption Method (SSDM) as a Valuable Tool for Isolating Essential Oil Components from Conifers. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:2045-56. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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44
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Karasawa K, Uzuhashi Y, Hirota M, Otani H. A matured fruit extract of date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) stimulates the cellular immune system in mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11287-11293. [PMID: 21936496 DOI: 10.1021/jf2029225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of a hot water extract from matured fruit of the date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were investigated in comparison to those of prune and fig fruit in mice. The number of spleen IFN-γ(+)CD4(+), IFN-γ(+)CD49b(+) and IL-12(+)CD11b(+) cells was highest in mice given the date extract-added diet. Polyphenols identified in the date extract, such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, pelargonin and ferulic acid, stimulated IFN-γ mRNA expression significantly in mouse Peyer's patch cell cultures. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid also increased the number of IFN-γ(+)CD4(+) cells significantly, while some polyphenols increased the number of IFN-γ(+)CD49b(+) and IL-12(+)CD11b(+) cells significantly. On the other hand, a 70% ethanol-insoluble date extract treated with trypsin increased the number of IFN-γ(+)CD49b(+) and IL-12(+)CD11b(+) cells significantly. These results indicate that some polyphenols and polysaccharides present in date fruit stimulate the cellular immune system in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Karasawa
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa-mura 8304, Kamiina-gun, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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45
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Cobzac SC, Gocan S. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: RECENT PROGRESS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.588064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Codruta Cobzac
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Gocan
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj Napoca, Romania
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46
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High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities in rice varieties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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Teixeira DM, Canelas VC, do Canto AM, Teixeira JMG, Dias CB. HPLC-DAD Quantification of Phenolic Compounds Contributing to the Antioxidant Activity ofMaclura pomifera, Ficus caricaandFicus elasticaExtracts. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903276646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Oliveira AP, Valentão P, Pereira JA, Silva BM, Tavares F, Andrade PB. Ficus carica L.: Metabolic and biological screening. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2841-6. [PMID: 19747518 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ficus carica L. is one of the earliest cultivated fruit trees. In this work, metabolite profiling was performed on the leaves, pulps and peels of two Portuguese white varieties of F. carica (Pingo de Mel and Branca Tradicional). Phenolics and organic acids profiles were determined by HPLC/DAD and HPLC/UV, respectively. All samples presented a similar phenolic profile composed by 3-O- and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acids, ferulic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, psoralen and bergapten. 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin-3-O-glucoside are described for the first time in this species. Leaves' organic acids profile presented oxalic, citric, malic, quinic, shikimic and fumaric acids, while in pulps and peels quinic acid was absent. The antioxidant potential of the different plant parts was checked. All materials exhibited activity against DPPH and nitric oxide radicals in a concentration-dependent way. However, only the leaves presented capacity to scavenge superoxide radical. Leaves were always the most effective part, which seems to be related with phenolics compounds. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory capacity was evaluated, but no effect was observed. Antimicrobial potential was also assessed against several bacterial species, although no activity was noticed. This is the first study comparing the chemical composition and biological potential of F. carica pulps, peels and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/Department of Pharmacognosy, Porto University, R. Aníbal Cunha 164, Porto 4050-047, Portugal
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49
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Dordio AV, Duarte C, Barreiros M, Carvalho AJP, Pinto AP, da Costa CT. Toxicity and removal efficiency of pharmaceutical metabolite clofibric acid by Typha spp.--potential use for phytoremediation? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1156-1161. [PMID: 18835156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess Typha spp.'s ability to withstand and remove, from water, a metabolite of blood lipid regulator drugs, clofibric acid (CA). At a concentration of 20 microg L(-1), Typha had removed >50% of CA within the first 48h, reaching a maximum of 80% by the end of the assay. Experimental conditions assured that photodegradation, adsorption to vessel walls and microbial degradation did not contribute to the removal. Exposure to higher CA concentrations did not affect Typha's photosynthetic pigments but the overall increase in enzyme activity (ascorbate and guaiacol peroxidases, catalase, superoxide dismutase) indicates that both roots and leaves were affected by the xenobiotic. Eventually, Typha seemed able to cope with the CA's induced oxidative damage suggesting its ability for phytoremediation of CA contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Dordio
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Evora, Evora, Portugal.
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50
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Di Carli M, Villani ME, Renzone G, Nardi L, Pasquo A, Franconi R, Scaloni A, Benvenuto E, Desiderio A. Leaf proteome analysis of transgenic plants expressing antiviral antibodies. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:838-48. [PMID: 19099506 DOI: 10.1021/pr800359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The expression of exogenous antibodies in plant is an effective strategy to confer protection against viral infection or to produce molecules with pharmaceutical interest. However, the acceptance of the transgenic technology to obtain self-protecting plants depends on the assessment of their substantial equivalence compared to non-modified crops with an established history of safe use. In fact, the possibility exists that the introduction of transgenes in plants may alter expression of endogenous genes and/or normal production of metabolites. In this study, we investigated whether the expression in plant of recombinant antibodies directed against viral proteins may influence the host leaf proteome. Two transgenic plant models, generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, were analyzed for this purpose, namely, Lycopersicon esculentum cv. MicroTom and Nicotiana benthamiana, expressing recombinant antibodies against cucumber mosaic virus and tomato spotted wilt virus, respectively. To obtain a significant representation of plant proteomes, optimized extraction procedures have been devised for each plant species. The proteome repertoire of antibody-expressing and control plants was compared by 2-DE associated to DIGE technology. Among the 2000 spots detected within the gels, about 10 resulted differentially expressed in each transgenic model and were identified by MALDI-TOF PMF and muLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS procedures. Protein variations were restricted to a limited number of defined differences with an average ratio below 2.4. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were related to photosynthesis or defense function. The overall results suggest that the expression of recombinant antibodies in both systems does not significantly alter the leaf proteomic profile, contributing to assess the biosafety of resistant plants expressing antiviral antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariasole Di Carli
- Sezione Genetica e Genomica Vegetale, Dipartimento BAS-BIOTEC, ENEA Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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