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Cao Y, Yao W, Yang T, Yang M, Liu Z, Luo H, Cao Z, Chang R, Cui Z, Zuo H, Liu B. Elucidating the mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in treating chronic cerebral ischemia: A combined approach using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo validation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155820. [PMID: 39004032 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) in regulating the AKT/TP53 pathway and reducing inflammatory responses for the treatment of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) using UHPLC-QE-MS combined with network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques, and animal experiment validation. METHODS Targets of seven herbal components in BHD, such as Astragalus membranaceus, Paeoniae Rubra Radix, and Ligusticum chuanxiong, were identified through TCMSP and HERB databases. CCI-related targets were obtained from DisGeNET and Genecards, with an intersection analysis conducted to determine shared targets between the disease and the herbal components. Functional enrichment analysis of these intersecting targets was performed. Networks of gene ontology and pathway associations with these targets were constructed and visualized. A pharmacological network involving intersecting genes and active components was delineated. A protein-protein interaction network was established for these intersecting targets and visualized using Cytoscape 3.9.1. The top five genes from the PPI network and their corresponding active components underwent molecular docking. Finally, the 2-vessel occlusion (2-VO) induced CCI rat model was treated with BHD, and the network pharmacology findings were validated using Western blot, RT-PCR, behavioral tests, laser speckle imaging, ELISA, HE staining, Nissl staining, LFB staining, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS After filtration and deduplication, 150 intersecting genes were obtained, with the top five active components by Degree value identified as Quercetin, Beta-Sitosterol, Oleic Acid, Kaempferol, and Succinic Acid. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis linked key target genes significantly with Lipid and atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. The PPI network highlighted ALB, IL-6, AKT1, TP53, and IL-1β as key protein targets. Molecular docking results showed the strongest binding affinity between ALB and Beta-Sitosterol. Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that both medium and high doses of BHD could enhance spatial memory in 2-VO model rats, with high-dose BHD being more effective. Laser speckle results showed that BHD at medium and high doses could facilitate CBF recovery in CCI rats, demonstrating a dose-response relationship. HE staining indicated that all doses of BHD could reduce neuronal damage in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region to varying extents, with the highest dose being the most efficacious. Nissl staining showed that nimodipine and medium and high doses of BHD could alleviate Nissl body damage. LFB staining indicated that nimodipine and medium and high doses of BHD could reduce the pathological damage to fiber bundles and myelin sheaths in the internal capsule and corpus callosum of CCI rats. ELISA results showed that nimodipine and BHD at medium and high doses could decrease the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-1β in the serum of CCI rats (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence demonstrated that BHD could activate the AKT signaling pathway and inhibit TP53 in treating CCI. Western blot and RT-PCR results indicated that nimodipine and all doses of BHD could upregulate Akt1 expression and downregulate Alb, Tp53, Il-1β, and Il-6 expression in the hippocampus of CCI rats to varying degrees (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION BHD exerts therapeutic effects in the treatment of CCI by regulating targets, such as AKT1, ALB, TP53, IL-1β, and IL-6, and reducing inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- College of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wanmei Yao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Man Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Zhuoxiu Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Zhuoqing Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Ruifeng Chang
- Third Clinical College,Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Zhiyi Cui
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Haojie Zuo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Biwang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China; School of Fushan, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
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Wang J, Cui J, Liu Z, Yang Y, Li Z, Liu H. Untargeted Metabolomics Based on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Differential Metabolite Analysis of Pinelliae Rhizoma and Its Adulterants. Molecules 2024; 29:2155. [PMID: 38731650 PMCID: PMC11085193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the chemical composition variances among Pinelliae Rhizoma, a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, and its common adulterants including Typhonium flagelliforme, Arisaema erubescens, and Pinellia pedatisecta. Utilizing the non-targeted metabolomics technique of employing UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, this research aims to comprehensively delineate the metabolic profiles of Pinelliae Rhizoma and its adulterants. Multivariate statistical methods including PCA and OPLS-DA are employed for the identification of differential metabolites. Volcano plot analysis is utilized to discern upregulated and downregulated compounds. KEGG pathway analysis is conducted to elucidate the differences in metabolic pathways associated with these compounds, and significant pathway enrichment analysis is performed. A total of 769 compounds are identified through metabolomics analysis, with alkaloids being predominant, followed by lipids and lipid molecules. Significant differential metabolites were screened out based on VIP > 1 and p-value < 0.05 criteria, followed by KEGG enrichment analysis of these differential metabolites. Differential metabolites between Pinelliae Rhizoma and Typhonium flagelliforme, as well as between Pinelliae Rhizoma and Pinellia pedatisecta, are significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of amino acids and protein digestion and absorption pathways. Differential metabolites between Pinelliae Rhizoma and Arisaema erubescens are mainly enriched in tyrosine metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism pathways. These findings aim to provide valuable data support and theoretical references for further research on the pharmacological substances, resource development and utilization, and quality control of Pinelliae Rhizoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huiling Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (J.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.)
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de Souza Wuillda ACJ, das Neves Costa F, Garrett R, Dos Santos de Carvalho M, Borges RM. High-speed countercurrent chromatography with offline detection by electrospray mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance detection as a tool to resolve complex mixtures: A practical approach using Coffea arabica leaf extract. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:40-52. [PMID: 37527932 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many secondary metabolites isolated from plants have been described in the literature owing to their important biological properties and possible pharmacological applications. However, the identification of compounds present in complex plant extracts has remained a great scientific challenge, is often laborious, and requires a long research time with high financial cost. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a method that allows the identification of secondary metabolites in plant extracts with a high degree of confidence in a short period of time. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, an ethanolic extract of Coffea arabica leaves was used to validate the proposed method. Countercurrent chromatography was chosen as the initial step for extraction fractionation using gradient elution. Resulting fractions presented a variation of compounds concentrations, allowing for statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY) calculations between liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and NMR across fractions. RESULTS The proposed method allowed the identification of 57 compounds. Of the annotated compounds, 20 were previously described in the literature for the species and 37 were reported for the first time. Among the inedited compounds, we identified flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, coumarins, and terpenes. CONCLUSION The proposed method presents itself as a valid alternative for the study of complex extracts in an effective, fast, and reliable way that can be reproduced in the study of other extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda das Neves Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Garrett
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Moreira Borges
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yang SH, Shin Y, Choi H. Simultaneous analytical method for 296 pesticide multiresidues in root and rhizome based herbal medicines with GC-MS/MS. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288198. [PMID: 37410759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous analysis of pesticide multiresidues in three root/rhizome-based herbal medicines (Cnidium officinale, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora) was developed with GC-MS/MS. To determine the concentrations of pesticide residues, 5 g of dried samples were saturated with distilled water, extracted with 10 mL of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile/ethyl acetate (7:3, v/v), and then partitioned using magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. The organic layer was purified with Oasis PRiME HLB plus light, followed by a cleanup with dispersive solid-phase extraction containing alumina. The sample was then injected into GC-MS/MS (2 μL) using a pulsed injection mode at 15 psi and analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The limit of quantitation for the 296 target pesticides was within 0.002-0.05 mg/kg. Among them, 77.7-88.5% showed recoveries between 70% and 120% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤20% at fortified levels of 0.01, and 0.05 mg/kg. The analytical method was successfully applied to real herbal samples obtained from commercial markets, and 10 pesticides were quantitatively determined from these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Yang
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Healthcare Advanced Chemical Research Institute, Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry Center, Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Shin
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Fu H, Li J, Chen L, Yang J, Zhong L, Xiao X, Feng Y, Luo Y. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry coupled with three-step data post-processing techniques for comprehensive profiling of the multiple components in Fufang Xianzhuli Ye. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:92-104. [PMID: 36289055 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fufang Xianzhuli (FXZL) Ye, a classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine, is composed of Succus Bambusae, Houttuyniae herba, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Eriobotryae Folium, Platycodonis Radix, and peppermint oil. For many years, FXZL has been primarily utilised in China to treat cough and phlegm. The chemical composition of FXZL has not been reported, which seriously affects the safety of the clinical application. OBJECTIVE To establish a systematic method for rapidly classifying and recognising the chemical constituents in the FXZL for the safety of the clinical application. METHODS An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry coupled with a three-step data post-processing strategy was developed to screen the chemical constituents of FXZL. RESULTS In this experiment, the diagnostic ions in FXZL were classified into six main compounds. A total of 106 compounds were unambiguously identified in FXZL based on their retention times, accurate masses, and tandem mass spectrometry data. These include 11 chlorogenic acids, three flavonoids, eight sesquiterpenoids, six organic acids, 65 triterpenoid saponins, and 13 other compounds. CONCLUSION The chemical composition of FXZL was identified and summarised, providing useful information for quality control and a basis for further exploration of its active ingredients in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, Nanchang, 330029, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Huizheng Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, Nanchang, 330029, P. R. China
| | - Junmao Li
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center (NPEC) for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, P. R. China
| | - Linan Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, Nanchang, 330029, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, Nanchang, 330029, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhong
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, Nanchang, 330029, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Xiao
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, Nanchang, 330029, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Feng
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center (NPEC) for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, P. R. China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, Nanchang, 330029, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
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Yisimayili Z, Chao Z. A review on phytochemicals, metabolic profiles and pharmacokinetics studies of the different parts (juice, seeds, peel, flowers, leaves and bark) of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Food Chem 2022; 395:133600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hu YH, Wang XY, Zhang XW, Chen J, Li F. Investigation of the mechanisms and experimental verification of Shao yao gan cao decoction against Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction via systems pharmacology. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:13374-13398. [PMID: 36654051 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the chemical and pharmacological mechanisms of Shao Yao Gan Cao decoction (SYGC) in the treatment of Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD) through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Exactive-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap HR-MS), network pharmacology, transcriptomics, molecular docking and in vivo experiments. First, we identified that SYGC improves SOD in guinea pigs by increased c-kit expression and decreased inflammation infiltration and ring muscle disorders. Then, a total of 649 SOD differential genes were found through RNA sequencing and mainly enriched in complement and coagulation cascades, the B cell receptor signaling pathway and the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. By combining UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS with a network pharmacology study, 111 chemicals and a total of 52 common targets were obtained from SYGC in the treatment of SOD, which is also involved in muscle contraction, the B cell receptor signaling pathway and the complement system. Next, 20 intersecting genes were obtained among the PPI network, MCODE and ClusterOne analysis. Then, the molecular docking results indicated that four active compounds (glycycoumarin, licoflavonol, echinatin and homobutein) and three targets (AURKB, KIF11 and PLG) exerted good binding interactions, which are also related to the B cell receptor signaling pathway and the complement system. Finally, animal experiments were conducted to confirm the SYGC therapy effects on SOD and verify the 22 hub genes using RT-qPCR. This study demonstrates that SYGC confers therapeutic effects against an experimental model of SOD via regulating immune response and inflammation, which provides a basis for future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Hu
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xue-Ying Wang
- Department of Preventive Treatment, Shuguang Hospital affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pancreaticobiliary Surgery, Shuguang Hospital affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Pancreaticobiliary Surgery, Shuguang Hospital affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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He A, Ni L, Fu H, Zhang X, Yu ZQ, Song J, Yang L, Xu Y, Ozaki Y, Noda I. Retrieving Spectra of Pure Components from the DOSY-NMR Experiment via a Comprehensive Approach Involving the 2D Asynchronous Spectrum, 2D Quotient Spectrum, and Genetic Algorithm Refinement. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12360-12367. [PMID: 36048426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When diffusion coefficients of different components in a mixture are similar, NMR spectra of pure individual components are difficult to be obtained via a diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) experiment. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) is used to analyze the data from the DOSY experiment. Through the properties of the systematic absence of cross-peak (SACP) in the 2D asynchronous spectra, spectra of pure components can be obtained even if their diffusion coefficients are similar. However, fluctuations in peak-position and peak-width are often unavoidable in NMR spectra, which makes SACPs unrecognizable. To address the problem, a 2D quotient spectrum is used to identify the masked SACPs. However, undesirable interference peaks due to the fluctuations in peak-position and peak-width are still present when we extract a spectrum of a component by slicing the 2D asynchronous spectrum across the SACP. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select a suitable subset of spectra where the diversities of peak-position and peak-width are significantly reduced. Then, we used the selected spectra to construct a refined 2D asynchronous spectrum so that the spectra of pure components with significant attenuated interference can be obtained. The above approach has been proven to be effective on a model system and a real-world example, demonstrating that 2D-COS possesses a bright perspective in the analysis of the bilinear data from DOSY experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ni
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hui Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Analytical Instrumentation Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Analytical Instrumentation Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Limin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yizhuang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Isao Noda
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Ge B, Wang X, Li W, Li S, Du Y, Ji T, Du G, Fang C, Wang J. Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Sinomenine Derivative SWX in SD Rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1213:123474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Semenova I, Bryskina D, Cvetanović Kljakić A, Ražić S, Ananiev V, Rodin I, Shpigun O, Stavrianidi A. An application of the standardised reference extract quantification strategy in the quality control of ginseng infusions by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:838-850. [PMID: 35545812 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited availability of individual standards is a bottleneck for quality control of functional foods and natural medicines. The use of standard mixtures or secondary standards is a possible alternative in this case. Earlier, an approach known as standardised reference extract (RE) strategy was introduced for HPLC-UV analysis of different plant materials; however, its application in HPLC-MS analysis has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC-MS-based RE method for determination of ginsenoside content in ginseng infusions using commercially available extract reference material of Panax quinquefolius L. RESULTS The developed HPLC-MS method was validated as precise (1.1%-9.4% intra-day variation; 1.6%-12.8% inter-day variation) and highly sensitive [limit of detection (LOD): 1-40 ng/mL; limit of quantification (LOQ): 4-120 ng/mL]. The stability of samples was satisfactory (5.7%-16.3%). The RE quantification method was compared with the external standard method, and the obtained difference was not significant, mostly in the range of 5%-10%. Matrix effects for the diluted samples of RE and ginseng infusions, determined via the standard addition method, were in the range of 85%-115% and 80%-126%, respectively, and were also positively correlated with the ginsenoside concentration. Eleven batches of ginseng infusions from different manufacturers were analysed using the established method. CONCLUSION The method for HPLC-MS-based ginsenoside quantification using RE as a secondary standard was established for the first time. The results of this study demonstrate that the application of the standardised RE strategy in HPLC-MS can minimise the matrix effect-related error in addition to the cost-effective quality control of herbal products, foods, and traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Semenova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Hygienic and Epidemiological Center of Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana Bryskina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Preclinical Research Centre, Agrovetzashchita Veterinary Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Slavica Ražić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vasiliy Ananiev
- Federal Hygienic and Epidemiological Center of Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Rodin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Epidemology and Evidence Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Shpigun
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Gao H, Liu Z, Song F, Xing J, Zheng Z, Liu S. A Strategy for Identification and Structural Characterization of Compounds from Plantago asiatica L. by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Combined with Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134302. [PMID: 35807548 PMCID: PMC9268332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plantago asiatica L. (PAL) as a medicinal and edible plant is rich in chemical compounds, which makes the systematic and comprehensive characterization of its components challenging. In this study, an integrated strategy based on three-dimensional separation including AB-8 macroporous resin column chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS), and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with ion-mobility spectrometry (UHPLC-IM-MS) was established and used to separate and identify the structures of compounds from PAL. The extracts of PAL were firstly separated into three parts by AB-8 macroporous resin and further separated and identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF MS and UHPLC-IM-MS, respectively. Additionally, UHPLC-IM-MS was used to identify isomers and coeluting compounds, so that the product ions appearing at the same retention time (RT)can clearly distinguish where the parent ion belongs by their different drift times. UNIFI software was used for data processing and structure identification. A total of 86 compounds, including triterpenes, iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, guanidine derivatives, organic acids, and fatty acids, were identified by using MS information and fragment ion information provided by UHPLC-Q-TOF MS and UHPLC-IM-MS. In particular, a pair of isoforms of plantagoside from PAL were detected and identified by UHPLC-IM-MS combined with the theoretical calculation method for the first time. In conclusion, the AB-8 macroporous resin column chromatography can separate the main compounds of PAL and enrich the trace compounds. Combining UHPLC-IM-MS and UHPLC-Q-TOF MS can obtain not only more fragments but also their unique drift times and RT, which is more conducive to the identification of complex systems, especially isomers. This proposed strategy can provide an effective method to separate and identify chemical components, and distinguish isomers in the complex system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Gao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (F.S.); (J.X.); (Z.Z.)
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (F.S.); (J.X.); (Z.Z.)
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-431-85262613 (S.L.); Fax: +86-431-85262044 (Z.L.)
| | - Fengrui Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (F.S.); (J.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Junpeng Xing
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (F.S.); (J.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (F.S.); (J.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shu Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (F.S.); (J.X.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-431-85262613 (S.L.); Fax: +86-431-85262044 (Z.L.)
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Biswal RP, Dandamudi RB, Patnana DP, Pandey M, Vutukuri VNRK. Metabolic fingerprinting of Ganoderma spp. using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and its chemometric analysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 199:113169. [PMID: 35331732 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A UHPLC-QTOF-MS method was developed to separate and identify 70 triterpenes present in each of the 18 strains of Ganoderma spp. Collected from various parts of India. A PCDL MS library was used to retrieve and identify these 70 triterpenes by meticulous analysis of MS/MS fragments. The MS data from these 18 strains were further statistically analysed to arrive at meaningful conclusions. Heatmap analysis suggested that Ganoderma spp. G44, G25 and G36 were the top three strains of Ganoderma mushrooms based on their metabolic concentration in Indian biota. From the PCA loading plot, it was observed that the triterpenes Ganoderic acid A, Ganoderic acid D, Ganoderic acid F, Ganoderic acid J, Ganoderic acid M, Ganoderic acid N, Ganoderenic acid B, Ganoderiol H, 3β,7β-Dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid, 3β,7β,15β-trihydroxy-11,23-dioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid and 20 - hydroxy ganoderic acid AM1 were identified as the principal contributors for the discrimination of a particular strain of the mushroom. We have also identified the samples obtained from different regions of India with the highest concentration of metabolites with potent biological activity. The results presented here could be very helpful for both scientific and industrial applications such as quality control of various medicines and food additives containing triterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranendra Pratap Biswal
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, 515134, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Babu Dandamudi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, 515134, Andhra Pradesh, India; Phenomenex India, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500084, India.
| | - Durga Prasad Patnana
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, 515134, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Meera Pandey
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - V N Ravi Kishore Vutukuri
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, 515134, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Valorization of Aloe vera Skin By-Products to Obtain Bioactive Compounds by Microwave-Assisted Extraction: Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061058. [PMID: 35739955 PMCID: PMC9220353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera skin (AVS) is a major by-product of Aloe processing plants all over the world. In this study, response surface methodology was used to optimize microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of bioactive compounds from AVS. The influence of extraction parameters, such as ethanol concentration (%Et), extraction temperature (T), time (t) and solvent volume (V), on extraction yield (Y), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP methods) and aloin content, was studied. Optimum extraction conditions were determined as 80% ethanol, 80 °C, 36.6 min and 50 mL and optimized extracts showed interesting contents of polyphenols and antioxidant performance. The phenolic profile was determined by HPLC-DAD/MS and some major phenolic compounds, such as aloin A, aloin B, aloesin, aloe-emodin, aloeresin D, orientin, cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid, were quantified while eight other compounds were tentatively identified. Moreover, structural and thermal properties were studied by FTIR and TGA analyses, respectively. The obtained results suggested the potential of AVS as a promising source of bioactive compounds, thus increasing the added value of this agricultural waste.
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Nardin T, Larcher R, Barnaba C, Bertoldi D, Pasut D, Romanzin A, Piasentier E. Alkaloid profiling of Italian alpine herbs using high resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap-MS). Nat Prod Res 2022:1-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Nardin
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Chiara Barnaba
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Daniela Bertoldi
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Romanzin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Edi Piasentier
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Huang L, Nie L, Dai Z, Dong J, Jia X, Yang X, Yao L, Ma SC. The application of mass spectrometry imaging in traditional Chinese medicine: a review. Chin Med 2022; 17:35. [PMID: 35248086 PMCID: PMC8898510 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMass spectrometry imaging is a frontier technique which connects classical mass spectrometry with ion imaging. Various types of chemicals could be visualized in their native tissues using mass spectrometry imaging. Up to now, the most commonly applied mass spectrometry imaging techniques are matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging and secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. This review gives an introduction to the principles, development and applications of commonly applied mass spectrometry imaging techniques, and then illustrates the application of mass spectrometry imaging in the investigation of traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, mass spectrometry imaging has been adopted to explore the spatial distribution of endogenous metabolites in traditional Chinese medicine. Data collected from mass spectrometry imaging can be further utilized to search for marker components of traditional Chinese medicine, discover new compounds from traditional herbs, and differentiate between medicinal plants that are similar in botanical features. Moreover, mass spectrometry imaging also plays a role in revealing the pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Kabkrathok P, Jarussophon S, Unger O, Lomarat P, Reutrakul V, Pittayanurak P, Bongcheewin B, Anantachoke N. Mass spectral analysis of secondary metabolites from Zingiber montanum rhizome extract using UHPLC-HR-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:57-71. [PMID: 34056774 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zingiber montanum (J.Koenig) Link ex A.Dietr. is a popular medicinal plant in Thailand. Its rhizomes have been used as an ingredient in various Thai traditional medicine formulas. While many reports have focused on the chemical constituents and biological activities of this plant, a comprehensive study on secondary metabolite profiling using tandem mass spectrometry has, to this point, never been documented. OBJECTIVE To analyze the chemical constituents in Z. montanum rhizomes using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high-resolution electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) analyses and to utilize the characteristic fragmentation patterns of these compounds to facilitate their identification. METHODOLOGY UHPLC-HR-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS in positive ion mode was used for chemical identification of secondary metabolites from the ethanolic extract of the plant material. MS/MS data of some known reference compounds, together with detailed fragmentation pattern information of several compounds obtained from the crude extract, were used to elucidate their chemical structures. RESULTS In this work, one benzaldehyde, ten phenylbutenoid monomers, six curcuminoids, and nine phenylbutenoid dimers were assigned based on their characteristic fragment ions. Among these compounds, 2-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)oxirane was tentatively suggested as a potential new compound. Several characteristic fragment ions from these compounds were assigned and the relative ion abundance of these was also used to differentiate the chemical structures of compounds having the same molecular mass. CONCLUSIONS The results will benefit future high-throughput screening of bioactive compounds and method development for the quality control of raw materials and herbal drugs derived from Z. montanum rhizome extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranatthapong Kabkrathok
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Center of Innovative Pharmacy for Pharmaceutical and Herbal Product Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwatchai Jarussophon
- Nano Agricultural Chemistry and Processing Research Team, National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Onuma Unger
- Nano Characterization Laboratory, National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pattamapan Lomarat
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapadsorn Pittayanurak
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bhanubong Bongcheewin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Anantachoke
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Center of Innovative Pharmacy for Pharmaceutical and Herbal Product Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Li L, Zou J, Xu C, You S, Deng Z, Chen G, Liu Y, Wang Q. Preparation and Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activities of Crocetin Diesters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13637-13643. [PMID: 34730974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of antiviral agents with an original structure and noticeable effect is always in great need. Natural products are important lead compounds in the development of new pesticides. Crocin-1 and crocin-2 were effectively isolated from Gardeniae fructus and found to have higher anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activity levels than ribavirin. A series of the crocetin diester derivatives were synthesized with separated crocetin-1 as material and evaluated for their anti-TMV activities. They could be dissolved in common organic solvents as dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, and methanol. Compounds 5, 9, 13, 14, and 15 displayed higher activities in vivo than ribavirin. Compound 14 with significantly higher antiviral activities than lead compounds (crocin-1 and crocin-2) emerged as a new antiviral candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyong Zou
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Xu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyong You
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Deng
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Young Jeong J, Atikul Islam M, Hong JH, Hyeon Son J, Yeon Song O, Khan N, Jamila N, Kim KS. Determination of Bioactive Markers for the Discrimination of Syneilesis palmata and Paris verticillata by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Diode Array Detection (DAD) and Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (IT-TOF-MS). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1878527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Atikul Islam
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Joon Ho Hong
- Nanobio Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation (JBF), Jangsung-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Son
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Yeon Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Jamila
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Kyong Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Bi Y, Han X, Lai Y, Fu Y, Li K, Zhang W, Wang Q, Jiang X, Zhou Y, Liang H, Fan H. Systems pharmacological study based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS, network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the potential mechanisms of Danggui-Shaoyao-San against atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114278. [PMID: 34087397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis (AS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) is not only a representative Chinese formula to treat gynecological disorder, but also found its use in AS-related diseases. However, the active ingredients and the anti-AS effects are vague yet. AIM OF THE STUDY An integrated strategy combined ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS), network pharmacology and experiments was carried out to investigate the potential materials and pharmacological mechanisms of DSS for AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS was applied to identify the active compositions of DSS. Then, the putative targets of DSS relevant to AS were predicted from TCMSP and BATMAN, which were further determined through bioinformatic analyses, including protein-protein interactions (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Finally, Western blot, qPCR and ELISA were carried out for target validation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS A total of 37 active ingredients of DSS, connecting 47 key targets were identified. The functional enrichment showed that DSS may treat AS through regulating a series of signaling pathways which involving inflammatory responses, immune systems and metabolism. The in vitro experiment revealed that DSS ameliorated AS mainly through anti-inflammatory effects, by reducing the levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1), IL-6, TNF-α, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and IL-1β. DSS also inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB-α, NF-κB (p65), p38 and JNK in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HUVEC injury model. Moreover, as the main bioactive compounds of DSS, paeoniflorin (PF), ferulic acid (FA) and pachymic acid (PA) inhibited IL-6 and TNF-α secretion as well as IκB-α, NF-κB (p65), p38 and JNK activation. All these findings were consistent with the predicted targets and pathways. CONCLUSION Collectively, the basic pharmacological effects and relevant mechanisms of DSS in the treatment of AS were revealed. The results suggest that DSS is a potential drug for AS treatment, and PF, FA, PA may be the core compositions contributing to the pharmacological function of this formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yigui Lai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Yingchang Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Kongzheng Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Hongfeng Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China.
| | - Huijie Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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Dwivedi MK, Sonter S, Mishra S, Singh P, Singh PK. Secondary metabolite profiling and characterization of diterpenes and flavones from the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata using HPLC-LC-MS/MS. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Andrographis paniculata is a well-known medicinal plant that contains various classes of bioactive secondary metabolites. It is widely used by the traditional medicinal healers for treatment of malaria and other diseases. There is an urgent need for screening of potent novel compounds from the methanol extract of A. paniculata. Earlier, we obtained appreciable in vitro anti-malarial activity (IC50-10.75 μg/ml) in the same plant. In current study, we developed novel analytical methods for rapid identification and characterization of diterpenes and flavones using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and identified major compounds that might possess anti-malarial activities.
Results
Based on the chromatographic and mass spectrometric features, we have identified a total of 74 compounds (25 compounds from positive ion mode; 49 compounds from negative ion mode). The mass spectrum data predicted andrographolide (15%) presence in the highest amount in both positive and negative ion modes. Based on the percentage purity, Andrographolide and skullcapflavone I was selected as representative class of diterpenes and flavones for fragmentation studies.
Conclusions
The result led to identification of Neoandrographolide, andrographolactone, 14-dehydroxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, skullcapflavone I, and 5-Hydroxy-2′,7,8-tri methoxy flavone from the methanolic extract of A. paniculata that is used in traditional medicine by tribal healers of Amarkantak region for treating malaria. These could be lead compounds for the development of novel anti-malarial drugs.
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Tava A, Biazzi E, Ronga D, Mella M, Doria F, D’Addabbo T, Candido V, Avato P. Chemical Identification of Specialized Metabolites from Sulla ( Hedysarum coronarium L.) Collected in Southern Italy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154606. [PMID: 34361758 PMCID: PMC8348538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) is a biennal forage legume originated from the Mediterranean basin and used for animal feeding due to its high forage quality and palatability. Several species of Hedysarum have been considered for their nutritional, pharmaceutical, and biological properties, and different applications have been reported, both for human consumption and animal nutrition. Although a systematic investigation of the chemical constituents of Hedysarum spp. has been performed in order to provide chemotaxonomic evidences for the genus and to support the pharmacological application of several species within the genus, few data are available on the chemical constituents of H. coronarium, and only the content of condensed tannins and flavonoids in leaves has been previously reported. In the present paper, results from a detailed chemical analysis of the extracts from the leaves and flowers of H. coronarium grown wild in southern Italy are presented. Identification of the main specialized metabolites within the chemical classes of flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and saponins, is described, including considerations on their content in the two plant organs. Information acquired from this study expands the knowledge on H. coronarium as a source of valuable phytochemicals for different applications in human and animal health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Tava
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.B.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-03-714-0471
| | - Elisa Biazzi
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Domenico Ronga
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.B.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Mariella Mella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Filippo Doria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Trifone D’Addabbo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Council of Research, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Candido
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment and Cultural Heritage, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera 20, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Pinarosa Avato
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
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Bessa C, Francisco T, Dias R, Mateus N, Freitas VD, Pérez-Gregorio R. Use of Polyphenols as Modulators of Food Allergies. From Chemistry to Biological Implications. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.623611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifactorial process of aging predisposes humans to infections and inflammatory disorders, thus affecting their quality of life and longevity. Given this reality, the need to increase the consumption of bioactive compounds, like dietary polyphenols emerges in our daily basis mostly due to their health related effects in slowing-down the incidence of chronic and degenerative diseases and even food allergy, which has been growing rapidly in prevalence currently affecting 5% of adults and 8% of children. Polyphenols embrace a large family of secondary metabolites from plant-derived foods and food wastes and are considerable of interest since they have attracted special attention over the years because of their reported anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties along with their high antioxidant capacity. These compounds are claimed as nutraceuticals with protective effect in offsetting oxidant species over-genesis in normal cells, and with the potential ability to stop or reverse oxidative stress-related diseases. Plant-derived foods represent a substantive portion of human diet containing a significant amount of structurally diverse polyphenols. There is a need to understand the polyphenolic composition of plant-derived foods mainly because of its chemistry, which discloses the bioactivity of a plant extract. However, the lack of standardized methods for analysis and other difficulties associated to the nature and distribution of plant polyphenols leads to a high variability of available data. Furthermore, there is still a gap in the understanding of polyphenols bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, which clearly difficult the settlement of the intake needed to observe health outcomes. Many efforts have been made to provide highly sensitive and selective analytical methods for the extraction (liquid-liquid; solid-liquid; supercritical-fluid), separation (spectrophotometric methods) and structural identification (chromatographic techniques, NMR spectroscopy, MS spectrometry) of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds present in these extracts. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been a fundamental technique in this area of research, not only for the determination of this family of compounds in food matrices, but also for the characterization and identification of new polyphenols classified with nutraceutical interest. This review summarizes the nature, distribution and main sources of polyphenols, analytical methods from extraction to characterization to further evaluate the health effects toward immune reactions to food.
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Qiao O, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ji H, Li Z, Han X, Wang W, Li X, Wang J, Liu C, Gao W. Cerebralcare Granule® enhances memantine hydrochloride efficacy in APP/PS1 mice by ameliorating amyloid pathology and cognitive functions. Chin Med 2021; 16:47. [PMID: 34183022 PMCID: PMC8240384 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory deficits and cognitive decline. Current drugs can only relieve symptoms, but cannot really cure AD. Cerebralcare Granule® (CG) is a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) containing a variety of biologically active compounds. In our previous studies, CG has shown a beneficial effect against memory impairment in mice caused by d-galactose. However, whether CG can be used as a complementary medicine for the treatment of AD remains unexplored. Here, we use a combination of CG and memantine hydrochloride (Mm) to treat Alzheimer-like pathology and investigate the effects and mechanisms in vivo. Methods The histology of brain was examined with Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, Golgi staining and Thioflavin S staining. ELISA was applied to assess the expression levels or activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL) in serum, as well as the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the mice brain. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of β-secretase (BACE1), amyloid precursor protein (APP), APPβ, APPα, synaptophysin (SYN), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95). Results In the present study, the combination group (CG + Mm) significantly attenuated Alzheimer-like behavior without adverse effects in APP/PS1 mice, indicating its high degree of safety and efficacy after long-term treatment. CG + Mm reduced AD pathological biomarker Aβ plaque accumulation by inhibiting BACE1 and APP expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001). Besides, the combination group markedly inhibited the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampus (P < 0.001), as well as activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in serum (P < 0.001). By contrast, the combination group improved synaptic plasticity by enhancing SYN, PSD95, and GAP43 expression. Conclusions Taken together, these data supported the notion that CG combined with Mm might ameliorate the cognitive impairment through multiple pathways, suggesting that CG could play a role as complementary medicine to increase anti-AD effect of chemical drugs by reducing Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, and improving synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haixia Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoying Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Yu Y, Yao C, Guo DA. Insight into chemical basis of traditional Chinese medicine based on the state-of-the-art techniques of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1469-1492. [PMID: 34221863 PMCID: PMC8245813 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been an indispensable source of drugs for curing various human diseases. However, the inherent chemical diversity and complexity of TCM restricted the safety and efficacy of its usage. Over the past few decades, the combination of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry has contributed greatly to the TCM qualitative analysis. And novel approaches have been continuously introduced to improve the analytical performance, including both the data acquisition methods to generate a large and informative dataset, and the data post-processing tools to extract the structure-related MS information. Furthermore, the fast-developing computer techniques and big data analytics have markedly enriched the data processing tools, bringing benefits of high efficiency and accuracy. To provide an up-to-date review of the latest techniques on the TCM qualitative analysis, multiple data-independent acquisition methods and data-dependent acquisition methods (precursor ion list, dynamic exclusion, mass tag, precursor ion scan, neutral loss scan, and multiple reaction monitoring) and post-processing techniques (mass defect filtering, diagnostic ion filtering, neutral loss filtering, mass spectral trees similarity filter, molecular networking, statistical analysis, database matching, etc.) were summarized and categorized. Applications of each technique and integrated analytical strategies were highlighted, discussion and future perspectives were proposed as well.
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Key Words
- BS, background subtraction
- CCS, collision cross section
- CE, collision energy
- CID, collision-induced dissociation
- DDA, data-dependent acquisition
- DE, dynamic exclusion
- DIA, data-independent acquisition
- DIF, diagnostic ion filtering
- DM, database matching
- Data acquisition
- Data post-processing
- EL, exclusion list
- EMS, enhanced mass spectrum
- EPI, enhanced product ion
- FS, full scan
- HCD, high-energy C-trap dissociation
- IDA, information dependent acquisition
- IM, ion mobility
- IPF, isotope pattern filtering
- ISCID, in-source collision-induced dissociation
- LC, liquid chromatography
- LTQ-Orbitrap, linear ion-trap/orbitrap
- Liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry
- MDF, mass defect filtering
- MIM, multiple ion monitoring
- MN, molecular networking
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MTSF, mass spectral trees similarity filter
- NL, neutral loss
- NLF, neutral loss filtering
- NLS, neutral loss scan
- NRF, nitrogen rule filtering
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PIL, precursor ion list
- PIS, precursor ion scan
- PLS-DA, partial least square-discriminant analysis
- Q-TRAP, hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap
- QSRR, quantitative structure retention relationship
- QqQ, triple quadrupole
- Qualitative analysis
- RT, retention time
- SA, statistical analysis
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- UHPLC, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography
- cMRM, conventional multiple reaction monitoring
- sMRM, scheduled multiple reaction monitoring
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-an Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Taher RF, Raslan MA, Masoud MA, Nassar MI, Aboutabl ME. HPLC-ESI/MS profiling, phytoconstituent isolation and evaluation of renal function, oxidative stress and inflammation in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats of Ficus spragueana Mildbr. & Burret. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5135. [PMID: 33818792 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ficus spragueana Mildbr. & Burret (family Moraceae) was reported to have various biological activities. However, its activity in treatment of renal injury has not been investigated yet. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of F. spragueana leaf extract on nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin. Gentamicin is an important broad-spectrum antibiotic; nevertheless, it exhibits serious nephrotoxic adverse effects. HPLC-ESI/MS spectrometric analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 37 phenolic compounds. Moreover, five compounds were isolated from the leaf extract, and identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds were syringic acid (1), p-coumaric acid (2), 3',5' O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3), luteolin-8-C-β-D glucopyranoside (orientin) (4) and 8-methoxy kaempferol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2) β-D-glucopyranoside] (5). The gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity model was used to evaluate the protective effect of F. spragueana on renal toxicity biomarkers throughout the development of acute kidney injury. Administration of extract led to improvement in kidney function through inhibition of kidney injury molecule-1, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and total bilirubin, as well as decreasing the inflammatory markers interlukin1-beta and myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, it reduced the oxidative stress by increasing reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels while decreasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide content, and improved renal histopathological injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab F Taher
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID 60014618), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A Raslan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID 60014618), Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Masoud
- Pharmacology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud I Nassar
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID 60014618), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona E Aboutabl
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID 60014618), Giza, Egypt
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Komolafe K, Komolafe TR, Fatoki TH, Akinmoladun AC, Brai BIC, Olaleye MT, Akindahunsi AA. Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Herbal Therapy: Pertinent Issues Relating to Toxicity and Standardization of Phytopharmaceuticals. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2021; 31:142-161. [PMID: 33727754 PMCID: PMC7951132 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-021-00132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virulent viral disease that has now become a public health emergency of global significance and still without an approved treatment regimen or cure. In the absence of curative drugs and with vaccines development still in progress, alternative approaches to stem the tide of the pandemic are being considered. The potential of a phytotherapeutic approach in the management of the dreaded disease has gained attention, especially in developing countries, with several claims of the development of anti-COVID-19 herbal formulations. This is a plausible approach especially with the increasing acceptance of herbal medicine in both alternative and orthodox medical practices worldwide. Also, the established efficacy of herbal remedies in the treatment of numerous viral diseases including those caused by coronaviruses, as well as diseases with symptoms associated with COVID-19, presents a valid case for serious consideration of herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19. However, there are legitimate concerns and daunting challenges with the use of herbs and herbal products. These include issues of quality control, unethical production practice, inadequate information on the composition, use and mechanisms, weak regulatory policies, herb-drug interactions and adverse reactions, and the tendency for abuse. This review discusses the feasibility of intervention with herbal medicine in the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to take proactive measures to protect public health by improving the quality and safety of herbal medicine deployed to combat the disease. Graphical abstract. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43450-021-00132-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Komolafe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, PMB 373, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Titilope Ruth Komolafe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, PMB 373, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Bartholomew I. C. Brai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, PMB 373, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria
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Ge Z, Zhang K, Chen DDY, Yan B. Data-driven development of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for combined sample matrices. Talanta 2021; 224:121880. [PMID: 33379089 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicine formulas (HMFs), the combinations of two or more herbal medicine (HM) ingredients required in a single prescription, are a typical kind of combined sample matrices. LC-MS is a powerful platform for the analyses of such complex samples. The optimization of separation conditions may require a lot of experiments, because multiple analytes need to be separated from a plethora of possible interfering compounds in the sample mixture containing different herbal medicines. To greatly reduce the complexity needed for the optimization of separation conditions, this work proposes a data-driven approach for the systematic development of LC-MS methods for HMFs, using six HMFs created from four HMs (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Corydalis Rhizoma and Ophiopogonis Radix) as case-studies. In this approach, the chromatographic peak parameters (like retention times) of the analytes and interfering compounds under different separation conditions were extracted from the LC-MS database of the HMs. Then data-driven models between the chromatographic peak parameters and the separation parameters were built with machine learning methods (r > 0.996 for all the compounds) and used to predict the chromatographic peaks of the analytes and interfering compounds in HMF analyses. Based on the predictions, all of the separation parameters were optimized without any previous experiments on the HMFs. In the validation experiments for the six HMFs, all of the analytes were well separated. The data-driven approach demonstrated enables systematic and rapid development of LC-MS methods for HMFs, and the separation conditions can be efficiently adjusted for different analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ge
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kuanyong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Binjun Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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J U C, Mohan MC, Prakash Kumar B. Attenuation of obesity related inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by varanadi kashayam and identification of potential bioactive molecules by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-15. [PMID: 33539199 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1877309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, characterised by the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese adipose tissue. In this study, 3T3-L1 CM enhanced TNF-α and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells compared with LPS treated cells. However, treatment with Varanadi kashayam suppressed the inflammatory changes associated with RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequently, RAW CM used to stimulate adipocytes, resulting in decreased intracellular lipid content and reduced adipogenic markers after Varanadi kashayam treatment. The chemical profiling of Varanadi kashayam using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS identified 194 compounds by comparing their retention time, the experimentally measured exact mass of precursor, and fragmented ions, and fragmentation pattern with spectral library and reported literature. Collectively, Varanadi kashayam act as a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic agent that could disrupt the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages. Hence it could be a better candidate for reducing inflammation associated with obese adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinchu J U
- Inflammation Research Lab, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - Mohind C Mohan
- Inflammation Research Lab, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - B Prakash Kumar
- Inflammation Research Lab, School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
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29
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Zhu BJ, Yan ZY, Hong L, Li SP, Zhao J. Quality evaluation of Salvia miltiorrhiza from different geographical origins in China based on qualitative and quantitative saccharide mapping and chemometrics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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30
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Yang Z, Li J, Chen X, Zhao X, Wang Y. Deciphering bioactive compounds of complex natural products by tandem mass spectral molecular networking combined with an aggregation-induced emission based probe. J Pharm Anal 2020; 12:129-135. [PMID: 35573878 PMCID: PMC9073139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are great treasure troves for the discovery of bioactive components. Current bioassay guided fractionation for identification of bioactive components is time- and workload-consuming. In this study, we proposed a robust and convenient strategy for deciphering the bioactive profile of natural products by mass spectral molecular networking combined with rapid bioassay. As a proof-of-concept, the strategy was applied to identify angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors of Fangjihuangqi decoction (FJHQD), a traditional medicine clinically used for the treatment of heart failure. The chemical profile of FJHQD was comprehensively revealed with the assistance of tandem mass spectral molecular networking, and a total of 165 compounds were identified. With characterized constituents, potential clinical applications of FJHQD were predicted by Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and a range of cardiovascular related diseases were significantly enriched. ACE inhibitory activities of FJHQD and its constituents were then investigated with an aggregation-induced emission based fluorescent probe. FJHQD exhibited excellent ACE inhibitory effects, and a bioactive molecular network was established to elucidate the ACE inhibitory profile of constituents in FJHQD. This bioactive molecular network provided a panoramic view of FJHQD's ACE inhibitory activities, which demonstrated that flavones from Astragali Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, saponins from Astragali Radix, and sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were principal components responsible for this effect of FJHQD. Among them, four novel ACE inhibitors were the first to be reported. Our study indicated that the proposed strategy offers a useful approach to uncover the bioactive profile of traditional medicines and provides a pragmatic workflow for exploring bioactive components. A novel strategy for deciphering the bioactive profile of traditional medicines was proposed. The chemical profile of FJHQD was revealed with assist of tandem mass spectral molecular networking. Four new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Yang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuechun Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- College of Preclinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Corresponding author.
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31
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Wang W, Dang J, Shao Y, Jiang L, Liu Z, Mei L, Tao Y. A novel chromatographic separation method for rapid enrichment and isolation of novel flavonoid glycosides from Sphaerophysa salsula. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4018-4027. [PMID: 32991772 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides exist widely in medicine herbs and often used as nutraceuticals because of their excellent bioactivity and low toxicity. For accurate quality control and bioactivity assessment of Sphaerophysa salsula, a rapid and productive method to isolate flavonoid glycosides is needed. Therefore, this work reports the development of a novel comprehensive strategy based on an online middle-pressure chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography for rapid enrichment and separation of flavonoid glycosides from S. salsula. First, the flavonoid glycosides were enriched using an online middle-pressure chromatographic column containing stationary middle chromatogram isolated phase. During this process, the high-volume injection of the extracting solution was realized by an empty precolumn positioned before the main chromatographic tower. Then, the compounds were separated through preparative high-performance liquid chromatography with Megress C18. As a result, one new flavonol 3-O-glycoside (2) and two known flavonol 3-O-glycosides (1, 3) were targetedly isolated from S. salsula. The content of compounds 1-3 in S. salsula was 0.09, 0.11, and 0.18 wt%, respectively. Comparing to traditional enrichment and separation methods, our technique offers significantly shorter sample pretreatment time as well as high reproducibility. We believe that our separation method has a strong potential to be used for the processing of other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Yun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Zenggen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Yanduo Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, P. R. China
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32
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Bushen-Tiansui Formula Improves Cognitive Functions in an A β 1-42 Fibril-Infused Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8874885. [PMID: 33029123 PMCID: PMC7532368 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8874885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bushen-Tiansui Formula (BTF) was empirically updated from a classical prescription named Kong-Sheng-Zhen-Zhong pill. It is based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of the mutual relationship between the brain and the kidney and is intended to treat neurodegenerative diseases. This formulation has been used for several years to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease- (AD-) like symptoms in our clinical department. However, the medicinal ingredients and the mechanisms by which BTF improves cognition and memory functions have not been characterized. In this study, we used UPLC-MS to generate a chromatographic fingerprinting of BTF and identified five possible active ingredients, including stilbene glycoside; epimedin A1, B, and C; and icariin. We also showed that oral administration of BTF reversed the cognitive defects in an Aβ1–42 fibril-infused rat model of AD, protected synaptic ultrastructure in the CA1 region, and restored the expression of BDNF, synaptotagmin (Syt), and PSD95. These effects likely occurred through the BDNF-activated receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB)/Akt/CREB signaling pathway. Furthermore, BTF exhibited no short-term or chronic toxicity in rats. Together, these results provided a scientific support for the clinical use of BTF to improve learning and memory in patients with AD.
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Chen Y, Lu J, Li S, Zhang C, Yang Q, Hu B, Zhou C, Hong J, Jiang G, Yan S. Carnosol attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and LPS-induced bone loss. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:106978. [PMID: 33039968 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteolysis is characterized by the imbalance of bone remodeling triggered by excessive activation of osteoclasts, which ultimately leads to pathological bone destruction. Diseases caused by overactive osteoclasts, such as osteolysis around the prosthesis, periodontitis and osteoporosis, are clinically common but lack effective treatment. Therefore, exploring regimens that could specifically impair the formation and function of osteoclasts has become a breakthrough in the treatment of these diseases. Carnosol is a natural phenolic diterpene with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor and antioxidant properties. In this study, we found that carnosol can impede RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via modulating the activation of NF-κb and JNK signaling pathways in vitro. Additionally, we confirmed that carnosol could alleviate bone loss in amurine model of LPS-induced inflammatory bone erosion in vivo. Thence, these findings demonstrate that carnosol may be a potentially effective regent for the treatment of osteoclast-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jinwei Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Sihao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Caihua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Quanming Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chenhe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jianqiao Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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Lin TL, Lu CC, Lai WF, Wu TS, Lu JJ, Chen YM, Tzeng CM, Liu HT, Wei H, Lai HC. Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-derived active metabolites. Protein Cell 2020; 12:394-410. [PMID: 32929698 PMCID: PMC8106560 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been extensively used to ameliorate diseases in Asia for over thousands of years. However, owing to a lack of formal scientific validation, the absence of information regarding the mechanisms underlying TCMs restricts their application. After oral administration, TCM herbal ingredients frequently are not directly absorbed by the host, but rather enter the intestine to be transformed by gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is a microbial community living in animal intestines, and functions to maintain host homeostasis and health. Increasing evidences indicate that TCM herbs closely affect gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the conversion of herbal components into active metabolites. These may significantly affect the therapeutic activity of TCMs. Microbiota analyses, in conjunction with modern multiomics platforms, can together identify novel functional metabolites and form the basis of future TCM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China.,Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China. .,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China. .,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan, China.
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Tan L, Gong L, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Jin J. Superhydrophilic Sub-1-nm Porous Membrane with Electroneutral Surface for Nonselective Transport of Small Organic Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38778-38787. [PMID: 32846469 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is receiving increasing attention worldwide because of their contribution to human health. Developing an effective and sustainable method for screening TCMs is highly desired to accelerate the modernization of TCMs. In this work, we report a neutrally charged membrane made of a positively charged polyelectrolyte electrostatically assembled on a negatively charged superhydrophilic nanoporous membrane. The composite membrane possesses stable electroneutrality in a wide pH range and can precisely and nonselectively separate various charged molecules in TCMs with a transmittance higher than 90% for molecules with molecular weight (Mw) < 400 and a high rejection of 90% for molecules with Mw > 800. In addition, the membrane exhibits a superior antifouling performance, and the recovery ratio observed during a continuous cycling test of a simulated TCM solution was more than 93%. The combination of superhydrophilicity and electroneutrality in a nanoporous membrane provides a new route for designing nanofiltration membranes for highly efficient molecule separation and is promising for screening TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Li Gong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Siyan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhang Zhu
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Noureen S, Noreen S, Ghumman SA, Batool F, Bukhari SNA. The genus Cuscuta (Convolvolaceac): An updated review on indigenous uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1225-1252. [PMID: 32128087 PMCID: PMC7038433 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.35296.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cuscuta, commonly known as dodder, is a genus of family convolvolaceace. Approximately 170 species of Cuscuta are extensively distributed in temperate and subtropical areas of the world. Species of this genus are widely used as essential constituents in functional foods and traditional medicinal systems. Various parts of many members of Cuscuta have been found efficacious against a variety of diseases. Phytochemical investigations have confirmed presence of biologically active moieties such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, saponines, phenolics, tannins, and fatty acids. Pharmacological studies and traditional uses of these plants have proved that they are effective antibacterial, antioxidant, antiostioporotic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antipyretic, antihypertensive, analgesic, anti hair fall, and antisteriogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Noureen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Fozia Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka2014, Saudi Arabia
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Yang K, Long XM, Cao JJ, Li YJ, Wu Y, Bai X, Sun ZL, Liu ZY. An analytical strategy to explore the multicomponent pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine independently of standards: Application in Gelsemium elegans extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 176:112833. [PMID: 31473492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The multicomponent pharmacokinetic study of herbal medicine is a great challenge due to the low plasma concentrations, large range of concentration scales, lack of authentic standards and uncertain interactions of the components. The aim of this work was to explore the in vivo pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine independently of authentic standards using an integrated analytical strategy. First, ion pairs of multiple components were tuned and selected, and then major parameters were optimized for derivative multiple reaction monitoring (DeMRM) by LC-MS/MS, which was combined with characterization of the chemical profiles of the herbal medicine by LC-QqTOF/MS. Second, different concentrations of herbal extracts were employed instead of authentic standards to construct calibration curves for the semiquantitative determination of multiple components in plasma. Taking Gelsemium elegans as an example, in addition to the fully validated and sufficient methodological results, a total of 27 alkaloid components, major bioactive constituents of Gelsemium elegans, were simultaneously monitored in pig plasma. The concentration-time profiles and pharmacokinetic properties of these 27 components were characterized. The absolute quantification of three components was compared with the results obtained using authentic standards, and the method showed very similar analytical characteristics, such as linearity, precision, accuracy, and the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters Tmax, Vd, Cl and MRT. This analytical strategy was found to be capable of assessing herbal pharmacokinetics independently of specific authentic compounds for each component. This study was the first attempt to systematically reveal the in vivo pharmacokinetics of Gelsemium elegans. This strategy and methodology will find widespread use in the quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis of multiple components independently of standards for herbal medicine, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xue-Ming Long
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Control, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Jun-Jie Cao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yu-Juan Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xia Bai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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Chen H, Yao Y, Zhan Y, Jian H, Li Y, Yang S, Feng Y, Zhang W. Application of UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS to Identify Constituents of Erding Granule and Anti-hyperuricemia Effect. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180612085117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Erding granule (EDG) widely used as an agent with the effect of heat-clearing,
detoxifying, eliminating dampness, relieving jaundice and upper respiratory tract disease in clinical
application, but the systematic chemical information and anti-hyperuricemia effect of EDG was still
unclear.
Methods:
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization
quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method was utilized to
rapidly identify the chemical constituents of EDG. The anti-hyperuricemia effect of EDG was evaluated
based on the effect on xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (in vitro) and lowering uric acid (in vivo).
Results:
198 compounds were tentatively separated and identified or characterized within 30 min by
UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS. These compounds were categorized as 22 coumarins, 38 flavones, 67
alkaloids, 36 organic acids, 16 sesquiterpenes, 14 lignans and 5 the others constituents. Meanwhile,
EDG significantly decreases the serum urate level of hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium
oxonate, while EDG did not significantly decrease the serum urate level of hyperuricemic mice induced
by hypoxanthine and activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro.
Conclusion:
The method developed was rapid and sensitive to characterize the chemical constituents of
EDG, and provide a systematic view of chemical information for EDG. Furthermore, we first discovered
the anti-hyperuricemia effect of EDG and it would further provide the reference for clarifying the
mechanism of EDG on lowering uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yun Yao
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Guizhou Medcial University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Hui Jian
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wugang Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
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Identification of Anthocyanins and Optimization of Their Extraction from Rabbiteye Blueberry Fruits in Nanjing. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/6806790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries are rich in bioactive anthocyanins, which are associated with health benefits contributing to reducing the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to improve the yield of anthocyanins extracted from rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) fruits cultivated in Nanjing using ultrasound-assisted extraction and to identify the individual anthocyanins present in the extract. The extraction conditions of blueberry anthocyanins were optimized using response surface methodology. The Box–Behnken test was designed to investigate the effect of extraction using different ethanol concentrations, extraction time, and liquid-to-solid ratios. The optimum conditions of the extraction derived from the model were as follows: extraction time 24 h at 30°C using 72.50% ethanol which contains 0.02% v/v hydrochloric acid as a solvent and liquid-to-solid ratio 20 : 1 v/w. The extraction yield was 16.21 ± 0.44 mg/g under these optimum conditions. The 13 peaks of the anthocyanin extract from rabbiteye blueberry fruits in Nanjing were tentatively identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization interface-mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS), which are the derivatives of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin that were glycosylated by glucose, galactose, or arabinose. This research provides a reliable scientific basis for efficacious extraction and identification of anthocyanins from blueberry fruits, which would be helpful for further investigation of the function and application of blueberry anthocyanins extract to human health.
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The Falconoid Luteolin Mitigates the Myocardial Inflammatory Response Induced by High-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet in Wistar Rats. Inflammation 2018; 41:221-231. [PMID: 29047036 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a major component of many medicinal plants and traditional medicines. The current study aims at testing its protective effect against high-carbohydrate/high-fat (HCHF) diet-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups as follows: control group that received standard rat chow, group received HCHF diet (~ 30% carbohydrate and 42% fat) daily for 16 weeks, and four groups received HCHF diet concurrently with luteolin (10, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg; 10% w/v suspension in 0.9% NaCl) daily from the first week by oral gavage. Body weight was measured weekly. At the end of the study, histopathological examinations of stained heart sections were carried out. Lipid profile, oxidative stress, and cardiac function biomarkers were measured. Furthermore, neurohumoral mediators and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-18) were assigned. Results showed a significant improvement in cardiac function, tissue integrity, and a decrease in the compensatory neurohumoral mediators by luteolin 50 and 100 mg/kg. In addition, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in collagen deposition, fibrosis percentage, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cells (macrophages and lymphocytes) infiltration was observed. Tested doses of luteolin decreased lipid peroxidation and elevated the endogenous antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase) significantly (P < 0.05). Finally, luteolin decreased TNF-α and IL-18 (P < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. It can be concluded that luteolin has a cardioprotective effect against HCHF diet-induced myocardial inflammation through antioxidant anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Anti-TMV and Insecticidal Potential of Four Iridoid Glycosides from Gardenia Jasminoides Fruit. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-8197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Application of quantitative analysis of multi-component system approach for determination of ginsenosides in different mass-spectrometric conditions. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1574:82-90. [PMID: 30217383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The lack of standard substances is a bottleneck for quality control in traditional and alternative medicine. Development of the HPLC-UV approaches combined with single standard for quantitative analysis of multi-component system (QAMS) allowed determination of several plant biomarkers by implementation of the relative response factors (RRFs). Robustness and ruggedness of such methods are commonly demonstrated by performing the analysis in changing analytical conditions on the different HPLC equipment and columns. The nature of MS detection is much more complicated and dependent on the instrumentation. Therefore, this study was conducted to justify the use of RRFs for HPLC-MS determination of bioactive compounds from plants. Protopanaxatriol (PPT), protopanaxadiol (PPD) and ocotillol (OT) ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) were successfully separated on a reversed-phase PFP-column with high group selectivity. Fragmentation patterns for these groups of compounds were established on different HPLC-ESI-MS systems and at varied declustering potentials (DPs). The use of sapogenin fragmentation ions in positive detection mode along with group reference standards was shown to be an optimal way to perform quantification. The performance of the developed group targeted HPLC-MS-QAMS approach was tested in the course of measurements conducted on the different instrumentation. The differences between QAMS and external standard method (ESM) quantification results were below 15% for all determined saponins.
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Wang Z, Kang D, Jia X, Zhang H, Guo J, Liu C, Meng Q, Liu W. Analysis of alkaloids from Peganum harmala L. sequential extracts by liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1096:73-79. [PMID: 30149297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An orthogonal two dimensional analysis method based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry (ESI-IMS) detection was developed for the analysis of alkaloid compounds from Peganum harmala L. seeds. Reverse phase (RP) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) were compared for the most optimal performance using three different chromatographic columns. The experimental results suggest that HILIC mode is a better option for combining with the ESI-IMS system for higher sensitivity and ease in hyphenating. Under optimized conditions, alkaloids from different extraction phases were determined by means of the established HPLC-IMS method. More compounds from Peganum harmala L. seed extracts were differentiated on the HPLC-ESI-IMS system by their retention time and drift time than by HPLC or ESI-IMS alone, and thirteen alkaloids were tentatively identified based on m/z and fragment ions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Hence, our results indicate that this method can be considered to be advantageous over traditional absorbance detection methods for resolving complex mixtures because of complementary separation steps, elevated peak capacity, and higher sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Wang
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Dianao Kang
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Xu Jia
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Hanghang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Jianheng Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest MinZu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest MinZu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingyan Meng
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China; Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Wenjie Liu
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China; Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
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Stability Study and Identification of Degradation Products of Caffeoylgluconic Acid Derivatives from Fructus Euodiae. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081975. [PMID: 30096766 PMCID: PMC6222684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeoylgluconic acid derivatives are characteristic constituents isolated from the aqueous extract of Fructus Euodiae. In this research focusing on caffeoylgluconic acid derivatives, trans-caffeoyl-6-O-d-gluconic acid (CGA), trans-caffeoyl-6-O-d-gluconic acid methyl ester (CGA-ME), and trans-caffeoyl-6-O-d-glucono-γ-lactone (CGA-LT), a systematic study of stability was performed under different temperatures and pH levels by ultra performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UPLC-DAD) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector/electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD/ESI-Q-TOF MS). From the concentration–time curves and sensitivity index (SeI), it was found that compared to CGA, which is inert to the variation of temperature and pH in the tested range, CGA-ME and CGA-LT were more sensitive, with stabilities more likely to be influenced by temperature. Considering the stability index (StI), the integrated stability of CGA was the best, and that of CGA-ME was the worst. In terms of the quasi-molecular and fragment ions of the tested compounds, the degradation products were identified or tentatively characterized, which could shed light on the degradation pathways. CGA-ME and CGA-LT were easily converted to CGA by hydrolytic reaction, all of which were susceptible to the formation of isomers. This study elucidated the degradation mechanism of caffeoylgluconic acid derivatives, contributing to better guidance on manufacturing and controlling the quality of drugs.
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Kim KJ, Lee Y, Hwang HG, Sung SH, Lee M, Son YJ. Betulin Suppresses Osteoclast Formation via Down-Regulating NFATc1. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7060154. [PMID: 29914109 PMCID: PMC6025465 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by osteoclast-mediated low bone mass. The modulation of osteoclasts is important for the prevention or therapeutic treatment of loss of bone mass. Osteoclasts, which are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells, are differentiated from the hematopoietic stem cell monocyte/macrophage lineage by Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expressed from osteoblasts and stromal cells. RANKL signaling ultimately activates nuclear factor of activated T Cells 1 (NFATc1), which is a master transcription factor in osteoclastogenesis. Betulin, a lupine type pentacyclic triterpenoid, was isolated from the bark of Betula platyphylla. Betulin inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation by downregulating NFATc1. Betulin may serve as a useful structural scaffold in the therapeutic agent development to prevention/treatment the osteoclast-mediated bone disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Hae-Gwang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Mina Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
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Wang X, Liu J, Yang X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li Q, Bi K. Development of a systematic strategy for the global identification and classification of the chemical constituents and metabolites of Kai-Xin-San based on liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multiple data-p. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2672-2680. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Jing Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Qing Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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Huang X, Liu Y, Zhang N, Sun X, Yue H, Chen C, Liu S. UPLC Orbitrap HRMS Analysis of Panax quinquefolium L. for Authentication of Panax Genus with Chemometric Methods. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:25-35. [PMID: 28977419 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolium L. were determined using developed ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) method with electrospray ionization and orbitrap MS analyzer in negative ionization mode. Optimal UPLC separation was achieved using a mixture of acetonitrile and water with 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase in linear gradient elution. The MS parameters were optimized for reliable detection with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity, and improved identification and quantification of ginsenosides. The applicability of this method was demonstrated on ginsenosides from Panax quinquefolium L. (American ginseng), Panax ginseng (Chinese ginseng) and Panax notoginseng (Sanchi) roots and products. The differences between Chinese and Northern American Panax quinquefolium L., main roots and hair roots, and products from different pharmacy were investigated. The results were also confirmed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminatory analysis. It indicated that the strategy can be extended to rapid and accurate authentication of Panax genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Xiuli Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Hao Yue
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China.,Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
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Cai T, Guo ZQ, Xu XY, Wu ZJ. Recent (2000-2015) developments in the analysis of minor unknown natural products based on characteristic fragment information using LC-MS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:202-216. [PMID: 27341181 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) has been widely used in natural product analysis. Global detection and identification of nontargeted components are desirable in natural product research, for example, in quality control of Chinese herbal medicine. Nontargeted components analysis continues to expand to exciting life science application domains such as metabonomics. With this background, the present review summarizes recent developments in the analysis of minor unknown natural products using LC-MS and mainly focuses on the determination of the molecular formulae, selection of precursor ions, and characteristic fragmentation patterns of the known compounds. This review consists of three parts. Firstly, the methods used to determine unique molecular formula of unknown compounds such as accurate mass measurements, MSn spectra, or relative isotopic abundance information, are introduced. Secondly, the methods improving signal-to-noise ratio of MS/MS spectra by manual-MS/MS or workflow targeting-only signals were elucidated; pure precursor ions can be selected by changing the precursor ion isolated window. Lastly, characteristic fragmentation patterns such as Retro-Diels-Alder (RDA), McLafferty rearrangements, "internal residue loss," and so on, occurring in the molecular ions of natural products are summarized. Classical application of characteristic fragmentation patterns in identifying unknown compounds in extracts and relevant fragmentation mechanisms are presented (RDA reactions occurring readily in the molecular ions of flavanones or isoflavanones, McLafferty-type fragmentation reactions of some natural products such as epipolythiodioxopiperazines; fragmentation by "internal residue loss" possibly involving ion-neutral complex intermediates). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:202-216, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Cai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ze-Qin Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Jeong WT, Lim HB. A UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF method for rapid and reliable identification and quantification of major indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1080:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kumar BR. Application of HPLC and ESI-MS techniques in the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids from green leafy vegetables (GLVs). J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:349-364. [PMID: 29404060 PMCID: PMC5790745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets containing high proportions of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of onset of chronic diseases. The role of herbal medicines in improving human health is gaining popularity over the years, which also increases the need for safety and efficiency of these products. Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are the richest source of phenolic compounds with excellent antioxidant properties. Increased consumption of diets containing phenolic compounds may give positive and better results to human health and significantly improves the immune system. Highly selective, susceptible and versatile analytical techniques are necessary for extraction, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds from plant extracts, which helps to utilize their important biological properties. Recent advances in the pre-treatment procedures, separation techniques and spectrometry methods are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. The online coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become a useful tool in the metabolic profiling of plant samples. In this review, the separation and identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids from GLVs by LC-MS have been discussed along with the general extraction procedures and other sources of mass spectrometer used. The review is devoted to the understanding of the structural configuration, nature and accumulation pattern of phenolic acids and flavonoids in plants and to highlighting the recent developments in the chemical investigation of these compounds by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. It concludes with the advantages of the combination of these two methods and prospects.
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