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Wojciechowski K, Baran K. Surface activity of Lupinus angustifolius (blue lupine) seed extracts. Food Chem 2024; 452:139592. [PMID: 38744136 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Surface tension (γeq) of the seed extracts of four lupine cultivars showed values in the range 44.9-46.4 mN/m. The surface compression elasticity (E') of the adsorbed layers and foaming capacity (FC) also showed similar values (E' ∼ 30 mN/m, FC ∼ 100%). The effect of defatting prior to extraction at pH 8.5 depends on the solvent employed - hexane and dichloromethane improved the subsequent protein extraction yield, while ethanol reduced it. The effect of defatting on surface tension could be positive (for hexane and ethanol) or negative (for dichloromethane). Generally, defatting improved the surface compression rheological and foaming parameters. On the other hand, fractionation of the extracts obtained at pH 8.5 from hexane-defatted seeds did not improve significantly the surface activity parameters. Some improvement with respect to the unfractionated extracts was observed only for the extracts of undefatted seeds. γeq, E', E" and FC isotherms confirm the surfactant-like behavior of the lupine seed extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wojciechowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Baran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Wahyuni DK, Nuha GA, Atere TG, Kharisma VD, Tari VS, Rahmawati CT, Murtadlo AAA, Syukriya AJ, Wacharasindu S, Prasongsuk S, Purnobasuki H. Antimicrobial potentials of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.: Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, and molecular docking studies. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305348. [PMID: 39141632 PMCID: PMC11324095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has led to an urgent need for novel antimicrobial drugs. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials in silico and in vitro of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. ethanolic extract. The extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify the compounds. In silico antimicrobial studies were performed to gain insights into the possible mechanism of action of the active compounds as antimicrobials. The antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extracts were assessed using the agar well diffusion method against the Surabaya strain of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant properties of the extract were done using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] inhibition assays. The phytochemical screening revealed that the extract has high flavonoids and polyphenols contents. The GC-MS analysis detected the presence of 52 bioactive substances, with n-hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, benzofuran 2,3-dihydro-. quinic acid, neophytadiene as major compound. Molecular docking studies showed that these compounds have a high binding affinity towards the target proteins, thereby inhibiting their activities. The ethanolic extract of P. amaryllifolius Roxb. exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The IC50 were 11.96 ± 4.01 μg/ml and 26.18 ± 7.44 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS. The diameters of inhibition zones (DIZ) and percentage of inhibition (PI) were calculated and varied for every single pathogen 16.44 ± 1.21mm/66.76 ± 4.92% (50%) and 21.22 ± 0.11mm/82.49 ± 3.91% (50%) for E. coli and S. aureus (DIZ/PI) respectively. Overall, this study provides information on the mechanism responsible for P. amaryllifolius Roxb. extract as a natural antimicrobe and lays the foundation for further studies to isolate and characterize the active compounds as antimicrobial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Kusuma Wahyuni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Gita Aqila Nuha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Tope Gafar Atere
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Viol Dhea Kharisma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Vinaya Satyawan Tari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Cici Tya Rahmawati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Sumrit Wacharasindu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sehanat Prasongsuk
- Plant and Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hery Purnobasuki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Escaray FJ, Felipo-Benavent A, Antonelli CJ, Balaguer B, Lopez-Gresa MP, Vera P. Plant triterpenoid saponins function as susceptibility factors to promote the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:1073-1089. [PMID: 38807367 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes diseases in hundreds of plant species, including high-value crops. Its polyxenous nature and pathogenic success are due to its ability to perceive host signals in its favor. In this study, we found that laticifer cells of Euphorbia lathyris are a source of susceptibility factors required by B. cinerea to cause disease. Consequently, poor-in-latex (pil) mutants, which lack laticifer cells, show full resistance to this pathogen, whereas lot-of-latex mutants, which produce more laticifer cells, are hypersusceptible. These S factors are triterpenoid saponins, which are widely distributed natural products of vast structural diversity. The downregulation of laticifer-specific oxydosqualene cyclase genes, which encode the first committed step enzymes for triterpene and, therefore, saponin biosynthesis, conferred disease resistance to B. cinerea. Likewise, the Medicago truncatula lha-1 mutant, compromised in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis, showed enhanced resistance. Interestingly, the application of different purified triterpenoid saponins pharmacologically complemented the disease-resistant phenotype of pil and hla-1 mutants and enhanced disease susceptibility in different plant species. We found that triterpenoid saponins function as plant cues that signal transcriptional reprogramming in B. cinerea, leading to a change in its growth habit and infection strategy, culminating in the abundant formation of infection cushions, the multicellular appressoria apparatus dedicated to plant penetration and biomass destruction in B. cinerea. Taken together, these results provide an explanation for how plant triterpenoid saponins function as disease susceptibility factors to promote B. cinerea pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Escaray
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, acceso G, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amelia Felipo-Benavent
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, acceso G, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristian J Antonelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, acceso G, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Balaguer
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, acceso G, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Lopez-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, acceso G, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Vera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, acceso G, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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McCarron R, Methven L, Grahl S, Elliott R, Lignou S. Fortification of Pea and Potato Protein Isolates in Oat-Based Milk Alternatives; Effects on the Sensory and Volatile Profile. Foods 2024; 13:2075. [PMID: 38998581 PMCID: PMC11241158 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oat-based milk alternatives (OMAs) are an important alternative to bovine milk, with prevalence of lactose intolerance, as well as soy and nut allergies limiting consumers options. However, OMAs are typically lower in protein content than both bovine milk and soy-based alternatives, with protein quality limited by low lysine levels, which can reduce protein digestibility. Addition of alternative plant proteins may increase the quantity of protein, as well as balancing the amino acid profile. However, plant-based proteins have additional sensory qualities and off-flavours, which may lead to undesirable characteristics when introduced to OMAs. This study aimed to assess the effect of pea and potato protein addition on the sensory profile, volatile profile, colour, and particle size in an OMA control product. Results demonstrated that pea protein contributed to a bitter and metallic taste, astringent aftertaste, and a significantly increased overall aroma correlated with higher levels of key volatiles. Whilst potato protein resulted in less flavour changes, it did lead to increased powdery mouthfeel and mouthcoating supported by a substantially increased particle size. Both protein fortifications led to detectable colour changes and a staler flavour. Fortification of OMA product with the pea protein led to significant sensory, volatile and physical changes, whilst the potato protein led to predominantly physical changes. Further investigation into alternative plant-based proteins is necessary to optimise sensory qualities whilst increasing protein content and the amino acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin McCarron
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Lisa Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Stephanie Grahl
- Arla Innovation Centre, Agro Food Park 19, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ruan Elliott
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Stella Lignou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
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Wijesekara T, Luo J, Xu B. Critical review on anti-inflammation effects of saponins and their molecular mechanisms. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2007-2022. [PMID: 38372176 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights the increasing interest in one of the natural compounds called saponins, for their potential therapeutic applications in addressing inflammation which is a key factor in various chronic diseases. It delves into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of these amphiphilic compounds, prevalent in plant-based foods and marine organisms. Their structures vary with soap-like properties influencing historical uses in traditional medicine and sparking renewed scientific interest. Recent research focuses on their potential in chronic inflammatory diseases, unveiling molecular actions such as NF-κB and MAPK pathway regulation and COX/LOX enzyme inhibition. Saponin-containing sources like Panax ginseng and soybeans suggest novel anti-inflammatory therapies. The review explores their emerging role in shaping the gut microbiome, influencing composition and activity, and contributing to anti-inflammatory effects. Specific examples, such as Panax notoginseng and Gynostemma pentaphyllum, illustrate the intricate relationship between saponins, the gut microbiome, and their collective impact on immune regulation and metabolic health. Despite promising findings, the review emphasizes the need for further research to comprehend the mechanisms behind anti-inflammatory effects and their interactions with the gut microbiome, underscoring the crucial role of a balanced gut microbiome for optimal health and positioning saponins as potential dietary interventions for managing chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jinhai Luo
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Jolly A, Hour Y, Lee YC. An outlook on the versatility of plant saponins: A review. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105858. [PMID: 38365071 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The abundance of saponin-rich plants across different ecosystems indicates their great potential as a replacement for harmful synthetic surfactants in modern commercial products. These organic saponins have remarkable biological and surface-active properties and align with sustainable and eco-friendly practices. This article examines and discusses the structure and properties of plant saponins with high yield of saponin concentrations and their exploitable applications. This highlights the potential of saponins as ethical substitutes for traditional synthetic surfactants and pharmacological agents, with favorable effects on the economy and environment. For this purpose, studies on the relevant capabilities, structure, and yield of selected plants were thoroughly examined. Studies on the possible uses of the selected saponins have also been conducted. This in-depth analysis highlights the potential of saponins as workable and ethical replacements for traditional synthetic medications and surfactants, thus emphasizing their favorable effects on human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Jolly
- Department of BioNanotechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeon-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Youl Hour
- 125-6, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34024, BTGin co., Ltd., Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNanotechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeon-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Li Q, Lianghao Y, Shijie G, Zhiyi W, Yuanting T, Cong C, Chun-Qin Z, Xianjun F. Self-assembled nanodrug delivery systems for anti-cancer drugs from traditional Chinese medicine. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1662-1692. [PMID: 38411151 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a combination of raw herbs and herbal extracts with a plethora of documented beneficial bioactivities, which has unique advantages in anti-tumor therapy, and many of its major bioactive molecules have been identified in recent years due to advances in chemical separation and structural analysis. However, the major chemical classes of plant-derived bioactive compounds frequently possess chemical properties, including poor water solubility, stability, and bioavailability, that limit their therapeutic application. Alternatively, natural small molecules (NSMs) containing these components possess modifiable groups, multiple action sites, hydrophobic side chains, and a rigid skeleton with self-assembly properties that can be exploited to construct self-assembled nanoparticles with therapeutic effects superior to their individual constituents. For instance, the construction of a self-assembled nanodrug delivery system can effectively overcome the strong hydrophobicity and poor in vivo stability of NSMs, thereby greatly improving their bioavailability and enhancing their anti-tumor efficacy. This review summarizes the self-assembly methods, mechanisms, and applications of a variety of NSMs, including terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and saponins, providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on NSMs and the development of SANDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lianghao
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Gao Shijie
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhiyi
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Tang Yuanting
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cong
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao Chun-Qin
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Key Laboratory of Classical Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
| | - Fu Xianjun
- Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Centre, Qingdao Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266114, P. R. China.
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Duan F, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Wang A. Fabrication of porous adsorbents from eco-friendly aqueous foam for high-efficient removal of cationic dyes and sustainable utilization assessment. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:395-406. [PMID: 37980025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials applied in environmental remediation have received researchers' extensive attention recently, but the related green and convenient preparation method is rarely reported. Here, we recommended a green and convenient strategy for the fabrication of porous material via aqueous foam templates, which was synergistically stabilized by Codonopsis pilosula (CP) and clay minerals of attapulgite (APT). The characterization results revealed that the APT was modified by organic molecules leached from CP and anchored at the air-water interface, which improved the foam stability significantly. The novel porous material of polyacrylamide/Codonopsis pilosula/attapulgite (PAM/CP/APT) templated from the aqueous foam via a polymerization reaction had excellent adsorption capacity for the cationic dyes methyl violet (MV) and methylene blue (MB), and the adsorption capacity can reach 755.85 mg/g and 557.64 mg/g, respectively. More importantly, the adsorption capacity of spent adsorbent material was still over 200 mg/g after being recycled five times through a simple carbonization process, and then it was added to the plant pot, the total biomass was increased by about 86.42%. This study provided a green and sustainable pathway for the preparation, application and subsequent processing of porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Duan
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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9
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Quezada C, Urra M, Mella C, Zúñiga RN, Troncoso E. Plant-Based Oil-in-Water Food Emulsions: Exploring the Influence of Different Formulations on Their Physicochemical Properties. Foods 2024; 13:513. [PMID: 38397490 PMCID: PMC10888144 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The global focus on incorporating natural ingredients into the diet for health improvement encompasses ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) derived from plant sources, such as flaxseed oil. ω-3 PUFAs are susceptible to oxidation, but oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions can serve to protect PUFAs from this phenomenon. This study aimed to create O/W emulsions using flaxseed oil and either soy lecithin or Quillaja saponins, thickened with modified starch, while assessing their physical properties (oil droplet size, ζ-potential, and rheology) and physical stability. Emulsions with different oil concentrations (25% and 30% w/w) and oil-to-surfactant ratio (5:1 and 10:1) were fabricated using high-pressure homogenization (800 bar, five cycles). Moreover, emulsions were thickened with modified starch and their rheological properties were measured. The physical stability of all emulsions was assessed over a 7-day storage period using the TSI (Turbiscan Stability Index). Saponin-stabilized emulsions exhibited smaller droplet diameters (0.11-0.19 µm) compared to lecithin (0.40-1.30 µm), and an increase in surfactant concentration led to a reduction in droplet diameter. Both surfactants generated droplets with a high negative charge (-63 to -72 mV), but lecithin-stabilized emulsions showed greater negative charge, resulting in more intense electrostatic repulsion. Saponin-stabilized emulsions showed higher apparent viscosity (3.9-11.6 mPa·s) when compared to lecithin-stabilized ones (1.19-4.36 mPa·s). The addition of starch significantly increased the apparent viscosity of saponin-stabilized emulsions, rising from 11.6 mPa s to 2117 mPa s. Emulsions stabilized by saponin exhibited higher stability than those stabilized by lecithin. This study confirms that plant-based ingredients, particularly saponins and lecithin, effectively produce stable O/W emulsions with flaxseed oil, offering opportunities for creating natural ingredient-based food emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Quezada
- Doctoral Program in Materials Science and Process Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Matías Urra
- School of Chemistry, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Camila Mella
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (C.M.); (R.N.Z.)
| | - Rommy N. Zúñiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (C.M.); (R.N.Z.)
- Universitary Institute for Research and Technology Development (UIRTD), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940577, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Troncoso
- Universitary Institute for Research and Technology Development (UIRTD), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940577, Chile
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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10
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Sundaram T, Govindarajan RK, Vinayagam S, Krishnan V, Nagarajan S, Gnanasekaran GR, Baek KH, Rajamani Sekar SK. Advancements in biosurfactant production using agro-industrial waste for industrial and environmental applications. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1357302. [PMID: 38374917 PMCID: PMC10876000 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1357302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of waste generation on the environment and public health have raised global concerns. The utilization of waste as a raw material to develop products with enhanced value has opened up novel prospects for promoting environmental sustainability. Biosurfactants obtained from agro-industrial waste are noteworthy due to their sustainability and environmental friendliness. Microorganisms have been employed to generate biosurfactants as secondary metabolites by making use of waste streams. The utilization of garbage as a substrate significantly reduces the expenses associated with the process. Furthermore, apart from reducing waste and offering alternatives to artificial surfactants, they are extensively employed in bioremediation, food processing, agriculture, and various other industrial pursuits. Bioremediation of heavy metals and other metallic pollutants mitigated through the use of bacteria that produce biosurfactants which has been the more recent research area with the aim of improving its quality and environmental safety. Moreover, the production of biosurfactants utilizing agricultural waste as a raw material aligns with the principles of waste minimization, environmental sustainability, and the circular economy. This review primarily focuses on the production process and various types of biosurfactants obtained from waste biomass and feedstocks. The subsequent discourse entails the production of biosurfactants derived from various waste streams, specifically agro-industrial waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaivel Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Saranya Vinayagam
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasumathi Krishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Virudhunagar, India
| | - Shankar Nagarajan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Brouckaert M, Peng M, Höfer R, El Houari I, Darrah C, Storme V, Saeys Y, Vanholme R, Goeminne G, Timokhin VI, Ralph J, Morreel K, Boerjan W. QT-GWAS: A novel method for unveiling biosynthetic loci affecting qualitative metabolic traits. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1212-1227. [PMID: 37349988 PMCID: PMC7614782 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the plant kingdom provides an enormous diversity of metabolites with potentially beneficial applications for humankind, a large fraction of these metabolites and their biosynthetic pathways remain unknown. Resolving metabolite structures and their biosynthetic pathways is key to gaining biological understanding and to allow metabolic engineering. In order to retrieve novel biosynthetic genes involved in specialized metabolism, we developed a novel untargeted method designated as qualitative trait GWAS (QT-GWAS) that subjects qualitative metabolic traits to a genome-wide association study, while the conventional metabolite GWAS (mGWAS) mainly considers the quantitative variation of metabolites. As a proof of the validity of QT-GWAS, 23 and 15 of the retrieved associations identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by QT-GWAS and mGWAS, respectively, were supported by previous research. Furthermore, seven gene-metabolite associations retrieved by QT-GWAS were confirmed in this study through reverse genetics combined with metabolomics and/or in vitro enzyme assays. As such, we established that CYTOCHROME P450 706A5 (CYP706A5) is involved in the biosynthesis of chroman derivatives, UDP-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE 76C3 (UGT76C3) is able to hexosylate guanine in vitro and in planta, and SULFOTRANSFERASE 202B1 (SULT202B1) catalyzes the sulfation of neolignans in vitro. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the untargeted QT-GWAS method can retrieve valid gene-metabolite associations at the level of enzyme-encoding genes, even new associations that cannot be found by the conventional mGWAS, providing a new approach for dissecting qualitative metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Brouckaert
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Meng Peng
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - René Höfer
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilias El Houari
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiarina Darrah
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Véronique Storme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Ghent University, Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Metabolomics Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vitaliy I Timokhin
- Department of Biochemistry, and US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, and US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kris Morreel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Saeed Z, Alkheraije KA. Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1157633. [PMID: 37180056 PMCID: PMC10168295 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian species have long struggled with the problem of coccidiosis, a disease that affects various parts of the intestine, including the anterior gut, midgut, and hindgut. Among different types of coccidiosis, cecal coccidiosis is particularly dangerous to avian species. Chickens and turkeys are commercial flocks; thus, their parasites have remained critical due to their economic importance. High rates of mortality and morbidity are observed in both chickens and turkeys due to cecal coccidiosis. Coccidiostats and coccidiocidal chemicals have traditionally been added to feed and water to control coccidiosis. However, after the EU banned their use because of issues of resistance and public health, alternative methods are being explored. Vaccines are also being used, but their efficacy and cost-effectiveness remain as challenges. Researchers are attempting to find alternatives, and among the alternatives, botanicals are a promising choice. Botanicals contain multiple active compounds such as phenolics, saponins, terpenes, sulfur compounds, etc., which can kill sporozoites and oocysts and stop the replication of Eimeria. These botanicals are primarily used as anticoccidials due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Because of the medicinal properties of botanicals, some commercial products have also been developed. However, further research is needed to confirm their pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and methods of concentrated preparation. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the plants that have the potential to act as anticoccidials and to explain the mode of action of different compounds found within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Saeed
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A. Alkheraije
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Nguyen QD, La QD, Nguyen NN, Nguyen TNL. Green removal of unpleasant volatiles from soapberry ( Sapindus mukorossi) extracts by two-phase microbial fermentation fortified with pomelo peel waste. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13282-13291. [PMID: 37124002 PMCID: PMC10142458 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01858j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn) is a popular woody plant in Vietnam, often used as a cleaning product due to its ability to wash, foam and emulsify due to high saponin content. In this study, the performance of fermentation by two microbial strains, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae active dry yeast (ADY) and Levilactobacillus brevis lactic acid bacteria (LB) along with the addition of pomelo peel (flavedo) was evaluated during 15 days in terms of sugar removal, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, foaming power, volatile composition, and sensory acceptability. The results showed that the soluble solid content of original extracts experienced a significant decrease from 14.5% to a stable range of 9.4-11.0% until day 15 for all fermented samples, which correlated with a reduction by approximately 60% in reducing sugars (from 12.52 g L-1 to 4.77-6.56 g L-1). In addition, the saponin content of fermented extracts was in the range of 118.2-145.0 mg L-1 while antioxidant activities were extremely reduced after 15 days of fermentation. Increases in pomelo peel imparted fermented extracts with greater antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25933, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and LB had higher activity than ADY overall. Regarding the volatile profiles, two main compounds in the original extracts, including trilaurin (75.02%) and 1-dodecanoyl-3-myristoyl glycerol (24.85%), were completely removed and replaced by new alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, esters, and organic acids, and particularly d-limonene (86.34-95.31%) upon pomelo addition. Additionally, the foaming ability and stability of fermented extracts were also enhanced and there was clear distinction between fermented and unfermented samples using principal component analysis based on sensory liking data which showed consumers' preference towards fermented samples with a high percentage of pomelo peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc-Duy Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City 754000 Vietnam
| | - Quoc-Duy La
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City 754000 Vietnam
| | - Nhu-Ngoc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City 754000 Vietnam
| | - Thi-Ngoc-Lan Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City 754000 Vietnam
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14
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Tighchi HA, Kayhani MH, Faezian A, Yeganehzad S, Miller R. Dynamic interfacial properties and foam behavior of licorice root extract solutions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 224:113181. [PMID: 36822115 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a useful plant of the family Fabaceae, with sweet-tasting roots. The root extract of this plant is rich in saponins, so it can be considered a source of natural surfactants. This research provides some applicable information about the dynamic surface tension and foam behavior of aqueous solutions of licorice root extract (LRE). The pendant drop shape analysis was utilized to study the surface tension and dilational surface rheology of LRE at the water/air interface. The Bikerman type experiment was used to measure foamability and foam stability of aqueous LRE solutions. The equilibrium surface tensions reveal that the LRE contains surface-active components and is capable of reducing the surface tension by 25 mN/m at the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). The surface dilational visco-elasticity measurements proved that the adsorption layers are predominantly of elastic nature. Also the foamability and foam stability show a meaningful correlation with the dynamic surface properties. This study aims to contribute to the development of appropriate utilization of the benefits provided by a biosurfactant source in foam-related commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Ahmadi Tighchi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | | | - Ali Faezian
- Department of Food Machinery Design, Research Institute of Food Science & Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Yeganehzad
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science & Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles of Tribulus terrestris food supplement and evaluated antioxidant activity and collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition: in vitro and in silico approaches. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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16
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Nalbandian E, Pietrysiak E, Murphy KM, Ganjyal GM. Different breeding lines of quinoa significantly influence the quality of baked cookies and cooked grains. J Food Sci 2022; 87:5225-5239. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Pietrysiak
- School of Food Science Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Girish M. Ganjyal
- School of Food Science Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
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17
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Tan S, Li Q, Guo L, Wang Y, Zhong W. Investigation of foaming behavior in herbal extracts via the characterization of solution environment for reverse osmosis concentration. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Triterpenoid Saponins from Washnut (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.)—A Source of Natural Surfactants and Other Active Components. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182355. [PMID: 36145756 PMCID: PMC9502486 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., also called the washnut, is a tropical tree of the Sapindaceae family. The plant owes its name to its cleaning and washing properties used by the local population as a natural detergent. The most important ingredients of the plant are triterpenoid saponins contained in many parts of the plant, inducing fruits, galls, or roots. The tree also contains other valuable, biologically active compounds that are obtained by extraction methods. Raw or purified extract and isolated saponins are valuable plant products that can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. This review includes the most important biological and surfactant properties of extracts and isolated saponins obtained from various parts of the plant.
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19
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Lee J, Kwon KH. Good ingredients from foods to vegan cosmetics after COVID-19 pandemic. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:3190-3199. [PMID: 35486443 PMCID: PMC9115085 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background New changes are taking place in the beauty and cosmetology market due to changes in daily life due to coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) and environmental alteration caused by the spread of live commerce. Purpose This study technically investigated the future value and direction of vegan cosmetics from food to cosmetics by focusing on good ingredients after COVID‐19 pandemic and changing the needs of consumers in the beauty and cosmetics industry. Methods This review paper is a critical literature review, and a narrative review approach has been used for this study. A total of 300–400 references were selected using representative journal search websites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, RISS, and ResearchGate, which a total of 45 papers were selected in the final stage based on 2009 to 2022. Result As environmental problems increased after the COVID‐19 pandemic, we tried to understand the needs of consumers for vegan cosmetics, which are good ingredients and good cosmetics. Therefore, this narrative review clearly shows the need for beauty and cosmetics industry consumers to pursue good consumption due to the global COVID‐19 pandemic. Conclusion Accordingly, this literature review will need to identify consumer needs for vegan cosmetics that started from vegan foods and develop the applications for the development of customized inner beauty products, customized vegan inner beauty products and/or customized vegan cosmetics using customized cosmetics. This is expected to be used as important marketing materials for the global vegan cosmetics market that confirms new changes in the cosmetics market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Lee
- Division of Beauty Arts Care, Department of Practical Arts, Graduate School of Culture and Arts, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.,Daily Beauty Unit, Amorepacific Co, Seoul, 04386, South Korea
| | - Ki Han Kwon
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
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20
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Guldane M, Dogan M. Multi‐response optimization of process parameters of saponin‐based model foam using Taguchi method and grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Guldane
- Program of Laboratory Technology, Pamukova Vocational School Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Sakarya Turkey
| | - Mahmut Dogan
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
- TAGEM Food Analysis Center Co. Erciyes University Technopark Area 38039 Kayseri Turkey
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21
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Shi R, Liu Y, Ma Y, Zhao P, Jiang Z, Hou J. pH-Dependent Binding Behavior of the α-Lactalbumin/Glycyrrhizic Acid Complex in Relation to Their Foaming Characteristics in Bulk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3252-3262. [PMID: 35174703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to understand the relationships of the interaction mechanism and foaming characteristics of α-lactalbumin (α-La) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) after acidic (pH 2.5) and neutral (pH 7.0) treatment. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of GA in the presence of α-La was 0.6 mM at pH 7.0, while it was 1.0 mM at pH 2.5. Also, in the presence of a GA concentration of 0-15.00 mM, more GA molecules combined onto the α-La surface at pH 2.5 than at pH 7.0, as evident from the binding isotherms. The turbidity and particle size of α-La/GA were greater in acidic solution than those under neutral conditions. This result could be interpreted by the formation of aggregates under higher GA concentration at pH 2.5. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the complex was higher at pH 2.5 than at pH 7.0 in the presence of 3.00-15.00 mM GA, as analyzed from the rheological properties. The foaming ability (FA) of α-La was significantly enhanced in the presence of 10.00 mM GA. Simultaneously, acidic solution could generate a more stable foaming system with a thicker film layer stabilized by the complex compared with neutral solution. These findings could be beneficial for developing a kind of acidic food-grade foaming agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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22
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Fink R, Filip S. Surface-active natural saponins. Properties, safety, and efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35213278 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2043252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the future, cleaning products must fulfil the principles of green chemistry while maintaining efficacy against bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the detergent properties, ecotoxicity, and anti-biofilm potential of natural saponins compared to synthetic surfactants. We tested sodium dodecyl sulphate, quillaja saponin, escin, and sapogenin for emulsifying capacity, critical micelle concentration, ecotoxicity to yeast, and antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential against bacteria. The results show that the emulsifying capacities of quillaja saponin and sodium dodecyl sulphate are similar, while the critical micelle concentration for quillaja saponin is much lower . Furthermore, the antibacterial and antibiofilm potentials are much higher for quillaja saponin than for synthetic sodium dodecyl sulphate . Moreover, we have shown that natural saponins are less toxic to the S. cerevisiae than synthetic saponin is. All these facts indicate that quillaja is a suitable candidate to replace synthetic products as it meets the requirements of efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Fink
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Filip
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- HQF Solutions d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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da Luz JRD, Barbosa EA, do Nascimento TES, de Rezende AA, Ururahy MAG, Brito ADS, Araujo-Silva G, López JA, Almeida MDG. Chemical Characterization of Flowers and Leaf Extracts Obtained from Turnera subulata and Their Immunomodulatory Effect on LPS-Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2022; 27:1084. [PMID: 35164352 PMCID: PMC8839466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory properties of Turnera subulata have been evaluated as an alternative drug approach to treating several inflammatory processes. Accordingly, in this study, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of T. subulata flowers and leaves were analyzed regarding their phytocomposition by ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and their anti-inflammatory properties were assessed by an in vitro inflammation model, using LPS-stimulated RAW-264.7 macrophages. The phytochemical profile indicated vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside as an important constituent in both extracts, while methoxyisoflavones, some bulky amino acids (e.g., tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine), pheophorbides, and octadecatrienoic, stearidonic, and ferulic acids were detected in hydroalcoholic extracts. The extracts displayed the ability to modulate the in vitro inflammatory response by altering the secretion of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines and inhibiting the PGE-2 and NO production. Overall, for the first time, putative compounds from T. subulata flowers and leaves were characterized, which can modulate the inflammatory process. Therefore, the data highlight this plant as an option to obtain extracts for phytotherapic formulations to treat and/or prevent chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil; (J.R.D.d.L.); (A.A.d.R.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil; (T.E.S.d.N.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Eder A. Barbosa
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules (LSAB), Institute of Chemistry, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Thayse Evellyn Silva do Nascimento
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil; (T.E.S.d.N.); (J.A.L.)
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil; (J.R.D.d.L.); (A.A.d.R.)
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil;
| | - Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil;
| | - Adriana da Silva Brito
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi (FACISA/UFRN), R. Passos de Miranda, Santa Cruz 59200-000, RN, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Araujo-Silva
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Amapá State University (UEAP), Av. Presidente Vargas, s/n, Centro, Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil;
| | - Jorge A. López
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil; (T.E.S.d.N.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil; (J.R.D.d.L.); (A.A.d.R.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil; (T.E.S.d.N.); (J.A.L.)
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil;
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Chen H, Deng M, Xie L, Liu K, Zhang X, Li X. Preparation and characterization of quercetin nanosuspensions using gypenosides as novel stabilizers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Dabestani M, Yeganehzad S, Miller R. A natural source of saponin: Comprehensive study on interfacial properties of Chubak (Acanthophyllum Glandulosum) root extract and related saponins. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Safety assessment of crude saponins from Chenopodium quinoa willd. husks: 90-day oral toxicity and gut microbiota & metabonomics study in rats. Food Chem 2021; 375:131655. [PMID: 34903398 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The subchronic toxicity of saponins of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks in healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was explored. Female and male rats were randomly divided into 0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day groups. Subchronic general toxicity, metabonomics and gut microbiota were assessed. The rats treated with saponins weighed less and had lower blood sugar levels (P < 0.05). Thirty-two differential metabolites were found in female rats and 23 in male rats. Saponins also led to changes in metabonomics. Slight necrosis was observed in the intestinal mucosa, which was associated with an increase in the gut microbiota diversity of female rats in the high-dose saponin treatment group and metabolic changes in the liver and kidney. In conclusion, the toxic effect of quinoa saponins is sex-dependent; however, the no-observed-adverse-effect level for quinoa saponins was evaluated to be under 50 mg/kg BW/day for both sexes in the current study.
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Zhao GX, Zhu LJ, Li H, Liu XY, Yang LN, Wang SN, Liu H, Ma T. A hierarchical emulsion system stabilized by soyasaponin emulsion droplets. Food Funct 2021; 12:10571-10580. [PMID: 34581363 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01607e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oil/water (O/W) emulsion droplets coated with soyasaponin (Ssa) were used as emulsifiers to prepare emulsions with hierarchical configurations (2.82 μm). Ssa is a natural triterpenoid with amphiphilic properties and an excellent emulsifying activity. Stable O/W emulsions were prepared and characterized using an ultrasonic method at a Ssa concentration of 2.5 wt%. The resultant hierarchical emulsions were further prepared using O/W droplets as emulsifiers. It was observed that the stability of the hierarchical emulsions changed with alterations to the ratio of O/W droplets to the oil phase. As the number of droplets increased, the more the surface area of the hierarchical emulsion was covered. Additional observations included a decreased particle size, increased negative charge and viscoelastic behavior, and enhanced emulsion stability. The emulsion was most stable when the O/W droplet addition was 29%. The addition of O/W droplets continued to increase, and there was an imbalance in the ratio of O/W droplets to the oil phase; the excess O/W droplets induced instability in the emulsion, resulting in a degradation of the emulsion quality. We monitored hierarchical emulsions with different concentrations of emulsifiers for 30 days, and the results indicated that hierarchical emulsions could meet the demand for long-term storage. This provides a new theoretical basis for the construction and application of complex emulsion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xiu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - Li-Jie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - He Li
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiu-Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - Li-Na Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - Sheng-Nan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
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Applications of Plant Polymer-Based Solid Foams: Current Trends in the Food Industry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Foams are a type of material of great importance, having an extensive range of applications due to a combination of several characteristics, such as ultra-low density, tunable porous architecture, and outstanding mechanical properties. The production of polymer foams worldwide is dominated by those based on synthetic polymers, which might be biodegradable or non-biodegradable. The latter is a great environmental concern and has become a major waste management problem. Foams derived from renewable resources have aroused the interest of researchers, solid foams made from plant polymers in particular. This review focuses on the development of plant polymer-based solid foams and their applications in the food industry over the last fifteen years, highlighting the relationship between their material and structural properties. The applications of these foams fall mainly into two categories: edible foams and packaging materials. Most plant polymers utilized for edible applications are protein-based, while starch and cellulose are commonly used to produce food packaging materials because of their ready availability and low cost. However, plant polymer-based solid foams exhibit some drawbacks related to their high water absorbency and poor mechanical properties. Most research has concentrated on improving these two physical properties, though few studies give a solid understanding and comprehension of the micro- to macrostructural modifications that would allow for the proper handling and design of foaming processes. There are, therefore, several challenges to be faced, the control of solid foam structural properties being the main one.
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Xu M, Wan Z, Yang X. Recent Advances and Applications of Plant-Based Bioactive Saponins in Colloidal Multiphase Food Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:6075. [PMID: 34641618 PMCID: PMC8512339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring saponins exhibit remarkable interfacial activity and also possess many biological activities linking to human health benefits, which make them particularly attractive as bifunctional building blocks for formulation of colloidal multiphase food systems. This review focuses on two commonly used food-grade saponins, Quillaja saponins (QS) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA), with the aim of clarifying the relationship between the structural features of saponin molecules and their subsequent self-assembly and interfacial properties. The recent applications of these two saponins in various colloidal multiphase systems, including liquid emulsions, gel emulsions, aqueous foams and complex emulsion foams, are then discussed. A particular emphasis is on the unique use of GA and GA nanofibrils as sole stabilizers for fabricating various multiphase food systems with many advanced qualities including simplicity, ultrastability, stimulability, structural viscoelasticity and processability. These natural saponin and saponin-based colloids are expected to be used as sustainable, plant-based ingredients for designing future foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Xu
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zhili Wan
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.X.); (X.Y.)
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.X.); (X.Y.)
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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Effects of a Compound Based on Plants, Yeast and Trace Elements on the Ruminal Function of Dairy Cows. DAIRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy2040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high production levels reached by the dairy sector need adjustment in nutritional inputs and efficient feed conversion. In this context, we evaluated a compound (QY—Qualix Yellow) combining optimized inputs in trace elements and 20% MIX 3.0. In a first step, the effects of MIX 3.0 on ruminal function were assessed in vitro by incubating ruminal fluid with the mixture at a ratio of 20:1. The results obtained encouraged us to test QY in vivo, on a herd of dairy cows. The herd was divided into one group of 19 dairy cows receiving the compound and a control group of 20 animals conducted in the same conditions, but which did not received the compound; the production performance and feed efficiency of the two groups were compared. In vitro experiments showed improved digestion of acid and neutral detergent fibres by 10%. The propionate production was enhanced by 14.5% after 6 h incubation with MIX 3.0. The plant mixture decreased the production of methane and ammonia by 37% and 52%, respectively, and reduced the number of protozoa by 50%. An increase in milk yield by 2.4 kg/cow/d (p < 0.1), combined with a decrease in concentrate consumption of 0.27 kg DM/cow/d (p < 0.001), was observed in vivo after consumption of the compound. Sixty-six days after the beginning of the trial, methane emissions per kg of milk were significantly lower in the group receiving QY. In conclusion, MIX 3.0 induced change in ruminal function in vitro and, when it entered into the composition of the QY, it appeared to improve feed efficiency and production performance in vivo.
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Jurek I, Szuplewska A, Chudy M, Wojciechowski K. Soapwort ( Saponaria officinalis L.) Extract vs. Synthetic Surfactants-Effect on Skin-Mimetic Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185628. [PMID: 34577098 PMCID: PMC8467643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our skin is continuously exposed to different amphiphilic substances capable of interaction with its lipids and proteins. We describe the effect of a saponin-rich soapwort extract and of four commonly employed synthetic surfactants: sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) on different human skin models. Two human skin cell lines were employed: normal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human melanoma cells (A375). The liposomes consisting of a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixture in a molar ratio of 7:3, mimicking the cell membrane of keratinocytes and melanoma cells were employed as the second model. Using dynamic light scattering (DLS), the particle size distribution of liposomes was analyzed before and after contact with the tested (bio)surfactants. The results, supplemented by the protein solubilization tests (albumin denaturation test, zein test) and oil emulsification capacity (using olive oil and engine oil), showed that the soapwort extract affects the skin models to a clearly different extent than any of the tested synthetic surfactants. Its protein and lipid solubilizing potential are much smaller than for the three anionic surfactants (SLS, ALS, SLES). In terms of protein solubilization potential, the soapwort extract is comparable to CAPB, which, however, is much harsher to lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Jurek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (I.J.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Szuplewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (I.J.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Michał Chudy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (I.J.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Kamil Wojciechowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (I.J.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
- SaponLabs Ltd., Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Li W, Li Q, Guo L, Liu J, Wang K, Zhong W. Traditional Chinese Medicine Extract Properties Incorporated Energy Analysis for Membrane Concentration Processes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090673. [PMID: 34564490 PMCID: PMC8471164 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work focuses on the energy analysis of the membrane concentration systems that process traditional Chinese medicine extracts with dynamic properties incorporated, particularly for reverse osmosis (RO) and membrane distillation (MD) processes. The evaluation of process energy consumption was achieved by integrating the empirical properties correlations of Brix and other characteristics properties of the feed (e.g., density and heat capacity). The dynamic SEC analysis for RO process was largely dependent on the feed pressure, reported at 50 kWh/m3 at feed pressure of 0.9 MPa with less than 50% water removal. The occurrence of foaming at above 50% water removal caused discrepancies between the simulated flux results and the experimentally acquired results in RO, whereas the estimated dynamic SEC for MD process did not show a strong correlation with the temperatures selected in this study, ranging from 900 to 1000 kWh/m3. This approach can be adapted into the design and zoptimization for the concentration process of other herbal extracts by membrane technologies, allowing comprehensive understanding into the energy analysis in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Li
- Department for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China; (W.L.); (L.G.)
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Qiyuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - Liwei Guo
- Department for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China; (W.L.); (L.G.)
- National Engineering Centre for Modernization of Extraction and Separation Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510240, China;
- Guangzhou Dayuan Studio of Membrane Science and Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Juyan Liu
- National Engineering Centre for Modernization of Extraction and Separation Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510240, China;
| | - Kai Wang
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies (CTET), Yixing 214200, China;
| | - Wenwei Zhong
- Department for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China; (W.L.); (L.G.)
- Guangzhou Nansha Information Technology Park Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station, Guangzhou 511458, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-136-0273-0936
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Dargel C, Gräbitz-Bräuer F, Geisler R, Fandrich P, Hannappel Y, Porcar L, Hellweg T. Stable DOPG/Glycyrrhizin Vesicles with a Wide Range of Mixing Ratios: Structure and Stability as Seen by Scattering Experiments and Cryo-TEM. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164959. [PMID: 34443547 PMCID: PMC8399256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerols represent a large share of the lipids in the plasmamembrane of procaryotes. Therefore, this study investigates the role of charged lipids in the plasma membrane with respect to the interaction of the antiviral saponin glycyrrhizin with such membranes. Glycyrrhizin is a natural triterpenic-based surfactant found in licorice. Vesicles made of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1’-glycerol) (DOPG)/glycyrrhizin are characterized by small-angle scattering with neutrons and X-rays (SANS and SAXS). Small-angle scattering data are first evaluated by the model-independent modified Kratky–Porod method and afterwards fitted by a model describing the shape of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) with an internal head-tail contrast. Complete miscibility of DOPG and glycyrrhizin was revealed even at a ratio of lipid:saponin of 1:1. Additional information about the chain-chain correlation distance of the lipid/saponin mixtures in the SUV structures is obtained from wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Dargel
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Friederike Gräbitz-Bräuer
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ramsia Geisler
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Pascal Fandrich
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yvonne Hannappel
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, CEDEX 9, 38042 Grenoble, France;
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0521-106-2055
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Bezerra KG, Silva IG, Almeida FC, Rufino RD, Sarubbo LA. Plant-derived biosurfactants: Extraction, characteristics and properties for application in cosmetics. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abaci H, Akagac G, Nalbantsoy A, Sarikahya NB. A hederagenin-type triterpene saponin, sumbulianoside a from Cephalaria sumbuliana and its potent immunomodulatory activity against seasonal flu virus H3N2. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2495-2503. [PMID: 33843360 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1910691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new hederagenin-type triterpene saponin; hederagenin 28-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester named sumbulianoside A (1), together with twelve known saponins were isolated from the n-butanol extract of Cephalaria sumbuliana (Caprifoliaceae) from which, one known saponin, dipsacus saponin A (2) was isolated, for the first time from Cephalaria species. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 1 D and 2 D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. Cytotoxic activities were investigated on A549, Hela, PANC1, SHSY5Y cells and non-cancerous cell HEK293 by MTT method and immunomodulatory activities were evaluated against activated H3N2 seasonal virus in whole blood by measuring IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-1β cytokine level with ELISA. According to the cytotoxicity results, compounds 1 and 2 did not possess significant cytotoxicity, while only compound 2 induced significant IL-4 production (** p<.001) against H3N2 showing a possible Th2 response and antibody production. All compounds had no effect on cytokine release (p > 0.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Abaci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Akagac
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
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Geisler R, Pedersen MC, Preisig N, Hannappel Y, Prévost S, Dattani R, Arleth L, Hellweg T. Aescin - a natural soap for the formation of lipid nanodiscs with tunable size. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1888-1900. [PMID: 33410858 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The saponin β-aescin from the seed extract of the horse chestnut tree Aesculus hippocastanum has demonstrated a beneficial role in clinical therapy which is in part related to its strong interaction with biological membranes. In this context the present work investigates the self-assembly of nm-sized discoidal lipid nanoparticles composed of β-aescin and the phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). The discoidal lipid nanoparticles reassemble from small discs into larger discs, ribbons and finally stacks of sheets upon heating from gel-phase to fluid phase DMPC. The morphological transition of the lipid nano-particles is mainly triggered by the phospholipid phase state change. The final morphology depends on the phospholipid-to-saponin ratio and the actual temperature. The study is conducted by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission (TEM) and freeze fracture electron microscopy (FFEM) are used to cover larger length scales. Two different models, representing a disc and ribbon-like shape are applied to the SAXS data, evaluating possible geometries and molecular mixing of the nano-particles. The stacked sheets are analysed by the Caillé theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsia Geisler
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Martin Cramer Pedersen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie Preisig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hannappel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Rajeev Dattani
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Surface Activity of Natural Surfactants Extracted from Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus trifoliatus Soapnuts. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids5010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants derived from renewable sources such as plants are an ecological alternative to synthetic surfactants. Aqueous solutions of natural surfactants extracted from soapnuts obtained from two plants, Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus trifoliatus, were studied. Their properties in terms of surface tension reduction and wettability were examinated. The natural surfactants show the ability to reduce the surface tension and increase the wettability of the hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene surface. These nuts can be used repeatedly for washing also in hard water. Crude extracts from Sp. trifoliatus exhibit better surface properties than those from Sp. mukorossi. This makes these soapnuts a good potential source of biosurfactants for household use.
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Aesculus hippocastanum L. as a Stabilizer in Hemp Seed Oil Nanoemulsions for Potential Biomedical and Food Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020887. [PMID: 33477381 PMCID: PMC7830832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsion systems receive a significant amount of interest nowadays due to their promising potential in biomedicine and food technology. Using a two-step process, we produced a series of nanoemulsion systems with different concentrations of hemp seed oil (HSO) stabilized with Aesculus hippocastanum L. extract (AHE). Water and commercially-available low-concentrated hyaluronic acid (HA) were used as the liquid phase. Stability tests, including an emulsifying index (EI), and droplet size distribution tests performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) proved the beneficial impact of AHE on the emulsion’s stability. After 7 days of storage, the EI for the water-based system was found to be around 100%, unlike the HA systems. The highest stability was achieved by an emulsion containing 5% HSO and 2 g/L AHE in water, as well as the HA solution. In order to obtain the detailed characteristics of the emulsions, UV-Vis and FTIR spectra were recorded, and the viscosity of the samples was determined. Finally, a visible microscopic analysis was used for the homogeneity evaluation of the samples, and was compared with the DLS results of the water system emulsion, which showed a desirable stability. The presented results demonstrate the possible use of oil emulsions based on a plant extract rich in saponins, such as AHE. Furthermore, it was found that the anti-inflammatory properties of AHE provide opportunities for the development of new emulsion formulations with health benefits.
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Plant Complexity and Cosmetic Innovation. iScience 2020; 23:101358. [PMID: 32738608 PMCID: PMC7394851 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have been used in cosmetic products since ancient times and are the subject of scientific investigation even nowadays. During the years, a deeper understanding of both the behavior of skin and of plants have become available drawing increasingly complex pictures. Plants are complex organisms that produce different metabolites responding to the environment they live in. Applied to the skin, phytomolecules interact with skin cells and affect the skin well-being and appearance. Ethnobotanical studies on the one hand and physico-chemical analyses on the other have pictured a rich inventory of plants with potential to enrich modern cosmetic products.
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Souza NC, de Oliveira Nascimento EN, de Oliveira IB, Oliveira HML, Santos EGP, Moreira Cavalcanti Mata MER, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF, Dalmolin RJS, de Bittencourt Pasquali MA. Anti-inflammatory and antixidant properties of blend formulated with compounds of Malpighia emarginata D.C (acerola) and Camellia sinensis L. (green tea) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110277. [PMID: 32480222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Malpighia emarginata D.C (acerola) and Camellia sinensis L. (green tea) have been studied, particularly as an alternative in medicinal approach for different physio pathological conditions. Here we develop an powder blend formulated with both Malpighia emarginata D.C and Camellia sinensis L. which have in the composition higher content of ascorbic acid and epigallatocathechin-3-gallate respectively. Using different conditions for microencapsulation of biocompounds, we performed the powder production through spray-drying process. After, we evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of blends formulated with Malpighia emarginata D.C and Camellia sinensis L. in an in vitro model of inflammation, using LPS-stimulated RAW-264.7 macrophage cell line. We observed that co-treatment with blends was able to modulate the redox parameters in cells during the in vitro inflammatory response. Moreover, the co-treatment with blends were able to modulate inflammatory response by altering the secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the synergistic effects antioxidant and anti-inflammatory of Malpighia emarginata D.C and Camellia sinensis L. These results warrant further use of the blend powder for use in the products to heath beneficial, principally in terms of prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cabral Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica - Departamento de Bioquimica - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Av Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, 59078-900 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Natan de Oliveira Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos -Unidade Academica de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, 58429-200 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Iara Bezerra de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão de Recursos Naturais - Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, 58429-200 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Hugo Miguel Lisboa Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos -Unidade Academica de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, 58429-200 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Eudeson Gustavo Paiva Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos -Unidade Academica de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, 58429-200 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Mário Eduardo Rangel Moreira Cavalcanti Mata
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos -Unidade Academica de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, 58429-200 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica - Departamento de Bioquímica - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, R. Ramiro Barcelos 2600, 90035-001 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica - Departamento de Bioquímica - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, R. Ramiro Barcelos 2600, 90035-001 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliani Siqueira Dalmolin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica - Departamento de Bioquimica - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Av Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, 59078-900 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt Pasquali
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica - Departamento de Bioquimica - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Av Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, 59078-900 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos -Unidade Academica de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, 58429-200 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão de Recursos Naturais - Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, 58429-200 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
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