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Brobak KM, Halvorsen LV, Aass HCD, Søraas CL, Aune A, Olsen E, Bergland OU, Rognstad S, Blom KB, Birkeland JAK, Høieggen A, Larstorp ACK, Solbu MD. Novel biomarkers in patients with uncontrolled hypertension with and without kidney damage. Blood Press 2024; 33:2323980. [PMID: 38606688 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2323980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) are insensitive biomarkers for early detection of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). In this nationwide cross-sectional study, we assessed potential biomarkers for early HMOD in healthy persons and patients with hypertension. We hypothesised that plasma levels of biomarkers: (1) are different between healthy controls and patients with hypertension, (2): can classify patients with hypertension according to the degree of hypertension severity. DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with hypertension prescribed ≥2 antihypertensive agents were selected from a multicentre study. Healthy controls were selected from an ongoing study of living kidney donor candidates. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic daytime ambulatory blood pressure ≥135 mmHg. Kidney HMOD was defined by ACR > 3.0 mg/mmol or eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients with hypertension were categorised into three groups: (1) controlled hypertension; (2) uncontrolled hypertension without kidney HMOD; (3) uncontrolled hypertension with kidney HMOD. Fifteen biomarkers were analysed using a Luminex bead-based immunoassay, and nine fell within the specified analytical range. RESULTS Plasma levels of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and uromodulin were significantly different between healthy controls (n = 39) and patients with hypertension (n = 176). In regression models, with controlled hypertension (n = 55) as the reference category, none of the biomarkers were associated with uncontrolled hypertension without (n = 59) and with (n = 62) kidney HMOD. In models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and eGFR, osteopontin (OPN) was associated with uncontrolled hypertension without kidney HMOD (odds ratio (OR) 1.77 (1.05-2.98), p = 0.03), and regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) with uncontrolled hypertension with kidney HMOD (OR 0.57 (0.34-0.95), p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS None of the biomarkers could differentiate our hypertension groups when established risk factors were considered. Plasma OPN may identify patients with uncontrolled hypertension at risk for kidney HMOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Marius Brobak
- Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lene V Halvorsen
- Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Camilla L Søraas
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arleen Aune
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Olsen
- Clinic of Emergency Medicine and Prehospital Care, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, University of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ola Undrum Bergland
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Rognstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti B Blom
- Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aud Høieggen
- Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cecilie K Larstorp
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit D Solbu
- Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Kuzan A, Chwiłkowska A, Maksymowicz K, Abramczyk U, Gamian A. Relationships between Osteopontin, Osteoprotegerin, and Other Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Calcifying Arteries. Biomedicines 2024; 12:847. [PMID: 38672202 PMCID: PMC11048129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are glycoproteins that participate in the regulation of tissue biomineralization. The aim of the project is to verify the hypothesis that the content of OPN and OPG in the aorta walls increases with the development of atherosclerosis and that these proteins are quantitatively related to the main proteins in the extracellular arteries matrix. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the OPN and OPG content in 101 aorta sections have been conducted. Additionally, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test has been performed to determine the collagen types I-IV and elastin content in the tissues. Correlations between the biochemical data and patients' age/sex, atherosclerosis stages, and calcification occurrences in the tissue have been established. We are the first to report correlations between OPN or OPG and various types of collagen and elastin content (OPG/type I collagen correlation: r = 0.37, p = 0.004; OPG/type II collagen: r = 0.34, p = 0.007; OPG/type III collagen: r = 0.39, p = 0.002, OPG/type IV collagen: r = 0.27, p = 0.03; OPG/elastin: r = 0.42, p = 0.001; OPN/collagen type I: r = 0.34, p = 0.007; OPN/collagen type II: r = 0.52, p = 0.000; OPN/elastin: r = 0.61, p = 0.001). OPN overexpression accompanies calcium deposit (CA) formation with the protein localized in the calcium deposit, whereas OPG is located outside the CA. Although OPN and OPG seem to play a similar function (inhibiting calcification), these glycoproteins have different tissue localizations and independent expression regulation. The independent expression regulation presumably depends on the factors responsible for stimulating the synthesis of collagens and elastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Chwiłkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Maksymowicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Urszula Abramczyk
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Research and Development Center, Kamieńskiego 73A, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Wang L, Niu X. Immunoregulatory Roles of Osteopontin in Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:312. [PMID: 38276550 PMCID: PMC10819284 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein that plays a pivotal role in the immune system. It is involved in various biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration and survival. The study of the immunomodulatory effects of OPN is of paramount importance due to its potential therapeutic applications. A comprehensive understanding of how OPN regulates the immune response could pave the way for the development of novel treatments for a multitude of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases and cancer. Therefore, in the following paper, we provide a systematic overview of OPN and its immunoregulatory roles in various diseases, laying the foundation for the development of OPN-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebei Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
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Zhu Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Cui Z, Liu F, Hu J. Genetically predicted osteoprotegerin levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Int J Cardiol 2023; 390:131233. [PMID: 37532154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been the subject of conflicting results in previous observational and experimental studies. To assess the causal effect of genetically predicted OPG levels on the risk of a wide range of CVDs, we used the Mendelian randomization design. DESIGN We initially extracted information of genetic variants on OPG levels and their corresponding effect values from the summary data based on the European ancestry genome-wide association study. Subsequently, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to assess the causal effect of genetically predicted OPG levels on CVDs by using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO methods. We also conducted sensitivity analyzes as well as complementary analyses with a more relaxed threshold for the exposure genetic instrumental variable (P < 5 × 10-6) to test the robustness of our results. RESULTS Our results indicated that genetically predicted OPG levels causally reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation (IVW OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.72-0.98; P = 0.0241), myocardial infarction(IVW OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.80-0.98; P = 0.0173) and coronary heart disease (IVW: OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.82-0.99; P = 0.0286). Further complementary analyses also confirmed the above results remain robust and we also identified a potential causal association of OPG levels with a reduced risk of hypertensive diseases(IVW OR = 0.94;95% CI = 0.88-1.00; P = 0.0394). CONCLUSION This study provides compelling evidence for a causal relationship between genetically predicted OPG levels and risk reduction of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation, indicating that OPG could potentially serve as a cardiovascular risk marker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Zhu
- Cardiology Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Laboratory Department, Jilin Provincial Hospital of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Laboratory Department, Jilin Provincial Hospital of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Jilin, China.
| | - Yahui Wang
- Cardiology Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorui Cui
- Cardiology Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fani Liu
- Cardiology Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiqiang Hu
- Cardiology Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Cicekli I, Saglam D, Takar N. A New Perspective on Metabolic Syndrome with Osteopontin: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1608. [PMID: 37511983 PMCID: PMC10381599 DOI: 10.3390/life13071608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) imposes a substantial burden on the healthcare systems and economies of countries and is a major public health concern worldwide. MetS is mainly caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure; however, it is recognized that additional variables, such as chronic inflammation, may have the same predictive potential as insulin resistance or MetS components in the genesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events. More importantly, the early diagnosis or treatment of MetS may significantly reduce the burden on the health systems of the disease with any prevention or biomarker and should not be underestimated. Osteopontin (OPN), also called secreted phosphoprotein 1, is a soluble protein found mostly in body fluids. Studies suggest that serum OPN levels may be an early and new biomarker to predict metabolic and cardiovascular complications significantly associated with some diseases. This review aims to provide specific insight into the new biomarker OPN in MetS. With this purpose, it is examined the link between the MetS cornerstones and OPN. In addition, the interaction between the microbiota and MetS is predicted to be bidirectional, and the microbiota may act as a bridge in this interaction process. Increased OPN levels may have unfavourable consequences for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, all of which are components of MetS. Further studies are required to evaluate the use of OPN levels as a clinical biomarker risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Cicekli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Duygu Saglam
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Nadir Takar
- Department of Family Medicine, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul Provincial Directorate of Health, Istanbul 34865, Turkey
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Romejko K, Rymarz A, Szamotulska K, Bartoszewicz Z, Rozmyslowicz T, Niemczyk S. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Not Treated with Dialysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:4664. [PMID: 36364925 PMCID: PMC9655426 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is observed in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may lead to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between metabolic, nutritional and inflammatory parameters and LVDD in CKD and non-CKD patients. METHODS Two groups of patients were recruited to the study: 93 men with CKD and eGFR lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 40 men without kidney function decrease with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to evaluate the diastolic function of the left ventricle. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) was used to measure overhydration and lean body mass. We also measured the serum concentrations of albumin, glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c), fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). RESULTS We observed that elevated serum fibrinogen and glucose concentrations were associated with LVDD independently of CKD status. Serum fibrinogen concentrations increased with the advancement of LVDD. Low albumin concentrations in CKD were related with LVDD. In the control group, lower muscle mass presented as lean tissue index (LTI) and lean tissue mass (LTM), and overhydration were associated with LVDD. In the group of patients without kidney function decrease the OPG concentrations were significantly higher in those with LVDD, and they rose with the advancement of LVDD. CONCLUSIONS Elevated inflammatory parameters, increased serum glucose concentrations and worse nutritional status are the states that may impair the diastolic function of the left ventricle in CKD and non-CKD patients. Serum OPG levels are elevated in patients without kidney function decrease and LVDD and its concentrations rise with the advancement of LVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Romejko
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rymarz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szamotulska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka Street, 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartoszewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rozmyslowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, R.217 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stanisław Niemczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang L, Zeng F, Jiang M, Han M, Huang B. Roles of osteoprotegerin in endocrine and metabolic disorders through receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1005681. [PMID: 36407115 PMCID: PMC9671468 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1005681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine and metabolic diseases show increasing incidence and high treatment costs worldwide. Due to the complexity of their etiology and mechanism, therapeutic strategies are still lacking. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, appears to be a potential candidate for the treatment of these diseases. Studies based on clinical analysis and rodent animal models reveal the roles of OPG in various endocrine and metabolic processes or disorders, such as bone remodeling, vascular calcification, and β-cell proliferation, through the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK). Thus, in this review, we mainly focus on relevant diseases, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), to summarize the effects of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in endocrine and metabolic tissues and diseases, thereby providing a comprehensive insight into OPG as a potential drug for endocrine and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fa Zeng
- Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Maozhen Han
- College of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Serum Osteoprotegerin Is an Independent Marker of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction of the Left Ventricle and the Presence of Pericardial Fluid in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142893. [PMID: 35889849 PMCID: PMC9316805 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a molecule which belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. OPG concentration is elevated in patients with left ventricle hypertrophy, heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. OPG concentrations rise in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between OPG concentrations and cardiovascular complications, such as left ventricle hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle and dysfunction of right ventricle in chronic kidney disease patients not treated with dialysis. The relation between OPG and the amount of pericardial fluid was also examined. Methods: One hundred and one men with CKD stage 3–5 not treated with dialysis were included in the study. Overhydration, body fat mass and lean body mass were measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the amount of pericardial fluid and to measure the thickness of the interventricular septum (IVS), systolic and diastolic function of left ventricle, as well as systolic function of right ventricle. Results: We observed a significant positive association between OPG and the thickness of the interventricular septum, the size of the left atrium (LA) and the presence of pericardial fluid. A negative relationship was observed between OPG and ejection fraction (EF). Conclusions: Our results suggest that OPG can be an independent marker of left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle and the presence of pericardial fluid in chronic kidney disease patients.
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Abstract
Significance: The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) not only provides mechanical stability but also manipulates vascular cell behaviors, which are crucial for vascular function and homeostasis. ECM remodeling, which alters vascular wall mechanical properties and exposes vascular cells to bioactive molecules, is involved in the development and progression of hypertension. Recent Advances: This brief review summarized the dynamic changes in ECM components and their modification and degradation during hypertension and after antihypertensive treatment. We also discussed how alterations in the ECM amount, assembly, mechanical properties, and degradation fragment generation provide input into the pathological process of hypertension. Critical Issues: Although the relevance between ECM remodeling and hypertension has been recognized, the underlying mechanism by which ECM remodeling initiates the development of hypertension remains unclear. Therefore, the modulation of ECM remodeling on arterial stiffness and hypertension in genetically modified rodent models is summarized in this review. The circulating biomarkers based on ECM metabolism and therapeutic strategies targeting ECM disorders in hypertension are also introduced. Future Directions: Further research will provide more comprehensive understanding of ECM remodeling in hypertension by the application of matridomic and degradomic approaches. The better understanding of mechanisms underlying vascular ECM remodeling may provide novel potential therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating hypertension. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 765-783.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Gong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are necessary for an acute response to injury and the progressive healing process. However, when this acute response does not resolve and becomes chronic, the same proteins that once promoted healing then contribute to chronic inflammatory pathologies, such as atherosclerosis. OPN (Osteopontin) is a secreted matricellular cytokine that signals through integrin and CD44 receptors, is highly upregulated in acute and chronic inflammatory settings, and has been implicated in physiological and pathophysiologic processes. Evidence from the literature suggests that OPN may fit within the Goldilocks paradigm with respect to cardiovascular disease, where acute increases are protective, attenuate vascular calcification, and promote postischemic neovascularization. In contrast, chronic increases in OPN are clinically associated with an increased risk for a major adverse cardiovascular event, and OPN expression is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease independent of traditional risk factors. With the recent finding that humans express multiple OPN isoforms as the result of alternative splicing and that these isoforms have distinct biologic functions, future studies are required to determine what OPN isoform(s) are expressed in the setting of vascular disease and what role each of these isoforms plays in vascular disease progression. This review aims to discuss our current understanding of the role(s) of OPN in vascular disease pathologies using evidence from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. Where possible, we discuss what is known about OPN isoform expression and our understanding of OPN isoform contributions to cardiovascular disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Shin Yee Lok
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia (Z.S.Y.L.)
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.N.L.)
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Zhong LN, Zhang YZ, Li H, Fu HL, Lv CX, Jia XJ. Overexpressed miR-196a accelerates osteogenic differentiation in osteoporotic mice via GNAS-dependent Hedgehog signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19422-19431. [PMID: 31452264 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP), a common metabolic bone disease, is accompanied by reduced bone mass, bone mineral density (BMD), as well as microstructure destruction of bone. Previously, microRNA-196a-2 (miR-196a-2) and miR-196a-3p were reported for its involvement in BMD. Herein, this study set out to identify the functional relevance of miR-196a in osteogenic differentiation in osteoporotic mice and explore the associated mechanism by establishing an OP mouse model. Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating (GNAS) was verified as a target gene of miR-196a, which was decreased in OP mice. Furthermore, the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were then extracted from OP mice and treated with miR-196 mimic/inhibitor or small interfering RNA against GNAS to investigate miR-196a interaction with GNAS and the Hedgehog signaling pathway. BMSCs in OP mice transfected with miR-196a mimic or si-GNAS displayed the elevated expression of Smo, ALP, Runx2, and OPN, as well as bone gla protein and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, elevated ALP vitality and bone formation ability as well as reduced expression of GNAS and PTCH. Taken conjointly, overexpression of miR-196a repressed GNAS expression by activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway, thus promoting osteogenic differentiation in mice with OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ling Fu
- Department of Hepatology, Qingdao No.6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Xiu Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Juan Jia
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Xu Z, Wu Y, Liao J, Zeng F, Shi L. Akt/eNOS and MAPK signaling pathways mediated the phenotypic switching of thoracic aorta vascular smooth muscle cells in aging/hypertensive rats. Physiol Res 2018; 67:543-553. [PMID: 29750880 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence demonstrates that phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is influenced by aging and hypertension. During phenotypic switching, VSMCs undergo a switch to a proliferative and migratory phenotype, with this switch being a common pathology in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the joint influence of age and hypertension on thoracic aortic smooth muscle phenotypic switching and the balance of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling during this switch. Different ages of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used to establish hypertension and aging models. The phenotypic state was determined by detecting the marker proteins alpha-SM-actin, calponin, and osteopontin (OPN) via immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. Signaling proteins associated with the Akt and MAPK pathways were detected in rat thoracic aorta using Western blot. Both aging and hypertension caused a decrease in contractile (differentiated) phenotype markers (alpha-SM-actin and calponin), while the synthetic (proliferative or de-differentiated) phenotype maker was elevated (OPN). When combining hypertension and aging, this effect was enhanced, with Akt signaling decreased, while MAPK signaling was increased. These results suggested that VSMCs phenotype switching is modulated by a balance between Akt and MAPK signaling in the process of aging and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Znorko B, Oksztulska-Kolanek E, Michałowska M, Kamiński T, Pawlak K. Does the OPG/RANKL system contribute to the bone-vascular axis in chronic kidney disease? A systematic review. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:52-64. [PMID: 28189120 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Accumulating evidence over the past decade has challenged the hypothesis of close interaction between bone and VC what raises the possibility of a common underlying pathophysiological mechanism. Lately, bone regulatory proteins such as: osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor κB Ligand (RANKL) has attracted attention of researchers as a possible key mediators of bone-vascular calcification imbalance. The literature search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed database and a combination of keywords and MeSH terms, and only papers published since January 2005 to July 2016 were selected. The search resulted in 562 potential articles. After selection according to the eligibility criteria, 107 studies fulfilled were included (102 full texts and 5 was case reports). OPG and RANKL plays essential role in the regulation of bone metabolism and may be regarded as a possible link between VC, bone and mineral metabolism in CKD patients. Further studies are required to determine the diagnostic significance of these proteins in evaluation of progression and severity of VC process in CKD patients. Finally, the efficacy and safety, especially in regard to VC, of anti-RANKL therapy in CKD patients requires well-designed prospective, randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Znorko
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Oksztulska-Kolanek
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Kamiński
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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14
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Kamal A, Darwish RK, Saad S, Salama M, El-Baradie TS, Mahmoud HGM, Elshiwy Y. Association of Osteopontin Gene Polymorphisms with Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:71-77. [PMID: 28095066 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1247454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association of the Osteopontin (OPN) (rs9138 and rs1126616) polymorphisms with colorectal cancer (CRC). One hundred CRC patients and 112 healthy individuals were subjected to OPN (rs9138 and rs1126616) genotyping and measurement of OPN protein plasma level. The C allele of OPN rs1126616 and the CC haplotype were significantly higher in CRC patient (p = 0.036, 0.003, respectively). In females, the C allele of OPN rs9318 (A/C) polymorphism was significantly associated with increased CRC risk (p = 0.036). The plasma OPN level >104.35 ng/mL was significantly associated with CRC. Our findings suggest a significant role played by OPN (rs9138 and rs1126616) in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Kamal
- a Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Rania Kamal Darwish
- a Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Samar Saad
- a Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- b Department of Surgical Oncology , National Cancer Institute, Cairo Univeristy , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Tarek S El-Baradie
- b Department of Surgical Oncology , National Cancer Institute, Cairo Univeristy , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Heba G M Mahmoud
- b Department of Surgical Oncology , National Cancer Institute, Cairo Univeristy , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Yasmine Elshiwy
- a Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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15
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Ge Q, Ruan CC, Ma Y, Tang XF, Wu QH, Wang JG, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. Osteopontin regulates macrophage activation and osteoclast formation in hypertensive patients with vascular calcification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40253. [PMID: 28091516 PMCID: PMC5238370 DOI: 10.1038/srep40253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a highly regulated ectopic mineral deposition process involving immune cell infiltration in the vasculatures, which has been recognized to be promoted by hypertension. The matricellular glycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) is strongly induced in myeloid cells as a potential inflammatory mediator of vascular injury. This study aims to examine whether OPN is involved in the regulation of macrophage activation and osteoclast formation in hypertensive subjects with VC. We firstly found an increased proportion of CD11c+CD163- pro-inflammatory peripheral monocytes in hypertensive subjects with VC compared to those without VC by flow cytometric analysis. Primary cultured macrophages from hypertensive subjects with VC also showed altered expression profile of inflammatory factors and higher serum OPN level. Exogenous OPN promoted the differentiation of peripheral monocytes into an alternative, anti-inflammatory phenotype, and inhibited macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation from these VC patients. In addition, calcified vessels showed increased osteoclasts accumulation accompanied with decreased macrophages infiltration in the of hypertensive subjects. Taken together, these demonstrated that OPN exerts an important role in the monocytes/macrophage phenotypic differentiation from hypertensive patients with VC, which includes reducing inflammatory factor expression and attenuating osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Sanchez-Enriquez S, Ballesteros-Gonzalez IT, Villafán-Bernal JR, Pascoe-Gonzalez S, Rivera-Leon EA, Bastidas-Ramirez BE, Rivas-Carrillo JD, Alcala-Zermeno JL, Armendariz-Borunda J, Llamas-Covarrubias IM, Zepeda-Moreno A. Serum levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin are related to cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:11-17. [PMID: 28138360 PMCID: PMC5237813 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine a potential relationship between serum undercarboxylated (ucOC) concentration and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and healthy subjects (HS).
METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 subjects classified into two groups, 70 with T2D and 70 HS. Medical history and physical examination with anthropometric measurements were obtained from all subjects. Body fat percentage was determined by bioelectrical impendency analysis. Serum ucOC concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay, while serum levels of insulin and hsCRP were obtained using high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment-IR. Lipid profile [triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c), low density lipoproteins (LDL-c), very low-density lipoproteins] was determined by spectrophotometry and standard formulas when applicable.
RESULTS The T2D patient group showed significantly higher values of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), current smoking, and alcohol use when compared to the HS group (P < 0.05). We observed a significantly lower serum ucOC concentration in T2D than in HS (1.5 ± 1.4 vs 2.3 ± 1.8, P < 0.05). In the whole study population, ucOC concentration was inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.236, P < 0.05), fasting plasma glucose (r = -0.283, P < 0.01) and HDL-c (r = -0.255, P < 0.05); and positively correlated with LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (r = 0.306, P < 0.05) and TC/HDL-c ratio (r = 0.284, P < 0.05). In the T2D group, serum ucOC concentration was inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.310, P < 0.05) and body-fat percentage (r = -0.311, P < 0.05), and positively correlated with DBP (r = 0.450, P < 0.01). In HS group a positive correlation between serum levels of ucOC and SBP (r = 0.277, P < 0.05) was observed.
CONCLUSION Serum ucOC is a potential marker for cardiovascular risk in Mexicans because it is related to adiposity parameters, blood pressure and lipid profile.
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Demir P, Erdenen F, Aral H, Emre T, Kose S, Altunoglu E, Dolgun A, Inal BB, Turkmen A. Serum Osteoprotegerin Levels Related With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30:811-817. [PMID: 26991325 PMCID: PMC6807210 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in relation to cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on different regimens of renal replacement therapy. METHODS A total of 143 patients with CKD and 30 healthy controls were included in this study and divided into five categories, including predialysis patients with chronic renal failure (preD; n = 36), chronic peritoneal dialysis patients (PD; n = 36), hemodialysis patients (HD; n = 35), renal transplant patients (RT; n = 36), and controls (n = 30). Data on demographics, concomitant diseases and CV risk factors, serum OPG levels, and correlates of serum OPG levels were determined. RESULTS Serum OPG (pmol/l) levels were significantly higher in HD (P <0.001 for each), PD (P <0.001 for each), and preD (P <0.01 vs. control, P <0.05 vs. RT) groups than RT and control groups. Diabetics than nondiabetics in HD (P = 0.008), PD (P = 0.024), and RT (P = 0.004) groups and males than females in PD group (P = 0.021) had higher OPG levels. Serum OPG levels were associated positively with age in HD (P <0.001), PD (P = 0.001), and in overall population (P <0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings revealed increased serum levels of OPG in dialysis and preD patients compared to RT and controls. In the patient groups receiving two dialysis treatment, the levels were worse, indicating a more pronounced vascular injury. Age, C-reactive protein (CRP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and cystatin C (CysC) in CKD patients, CRP and PTH in the control subjects, and age and BMI in the overall population were the significant correlates of serum OPG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Demir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Okmeydani Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Erdenen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hale Aral
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ministry of Health Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turker Emre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sennur Kose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Altunoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anil Dolgun
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin Bercik Inal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ministry of Health Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydin Turkmen
- Department of Nephrology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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From bones to blood pressure, developing novel biologic approaches targeting the osteoprotegein pathway for pulmonary vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 169:78-82. [PMID: 27373854 PMCID: PMC5243145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (tnfsf11b, OPG) is a soluble member of the TNF superfamily originally described as an important regulator of osteoclastogenesis almost 20 years ago. OPG is a heparin-binding secreted glycoprotein that exists as a 55–62 kDa monomer or a 110–120 kDa disulphide-linked homodimer. Acting as a soluble decoy receptor for RANKL, OPG actively regulates RANK signalling, and thereby osteoclastogenesis. OPG has subsequently been shown to also be a decoy receptor TNF related apoptosis inducing-ligand (tnfsf10, TRAIL, Apo2L). TRAIL is a type II transmembrane protein that is widely expressed in a variety of human tissues, including the spleen, lung, and prostate. Through binding to TRAIL, OPG can inhibit TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. More recently, OPG has been demonstrated to be secreted by, and influence, vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype particularly related to vascular calcification and pulmonary vascular remodelling. In pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) suppression of BMP, induction of 5-HT and IL-1 signalling have been shown to stimulate the release of OPG in vitro, which causes cell migration and proliferation. Patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) demonstrate increased circulating and tissue levels of OPG, and circulating serum levels predict survival. In pre-clinical models, OPG levels correlate with disease severity. Since OPG is a naturally circulating protein, we are investigating the potential of novel biologic antibody therapies to rescue PAH phenotype in disease models. Further pre-clinical and mechanistic data are forthcoming, but we believe current published data identify OPG as an exciting and novel therapeutic target in PAH.
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Maser RE, Lenhard MJ, Pohlig RT, Balagopal PB. Osteopontin and osteoprotegerin levels in type 2 diabetes and their association with cardiovascular autonomic function. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:507-10. [PMID: 26775555 PMCID: PMC5646274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are bone metabolism biomarkers potentially associated with nerve function. We evaluated the association of cardiovascular autonomic nerve function, OPN, and OPG in 50 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS RR-variation during deep breathing (i.e., mean circular resultant (MCR) and expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio) was used to assess parasympathetic nerve function. Participants' demographics, HbA1c, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), BMI, HOMA-IR, calcium, parathyroid hormone, creatinine, OPN, and OPG were determined. RESULTS Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with MCR or E/I ratio as the dependent variable, OPN was independently associated with reduced autonomic function. A previous report showed a significant association of cardiovascular autonomic function with age, 25(OH)D insufficiency, and the interaction of age×25(OH)D insufficiency. Here we report a novel association for OPN and its interaction with age indicating that for those who are younger, elevated OPN levels are related to a greater loss of autonomic function (MCR model R2=0.598, p<0.001; E/I model R2=0.594, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OPN is associated with reduced parasympathetic function, particularly in younger individuals with T2DM. Further studies are needed to determine if OPN is neuroprotective, involved in the pathogenesis of autonomic dysfunction, or a bystander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raelene E Maser
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - M James Lenhard
- Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA; Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Center, Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Ryan T Pohlig
- Biostatistics Core Facility, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research & Analysis Laboratory, Nemours Children's Specialty Care & Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Liu Y, Lei H, Zhang J, Wang J, Li K, Dong W. Associations between the Genetic Polymorphisms of Osteopontin Promoter and Susceptibility to Cancer in Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135318. [PMID: 26267616 PMCID: PMC4534197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Several studies have been conducted to examine the associations between osteopontin (OPN) promoter gene SPP1 polymorphisms with human cancers in Chinese population, but the results remain inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis is to clarify the associations between SPP1 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility. Methods All eligible case-control studies published up to March 2015 were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library without language restrictions. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using fixed- or random-effect model. Results A total of 11 case-control studies were included; of those, there were eleven studies (3130 cases and 3828 controls) for -443T>C polymorphism, ten studies (3019 cases and 3615 controls) for -156G>GG polymorphism, eight studies (2258 cases and 2846 controls) for -66T>G polymorphism. Overall, no evidence indicated that the -443 T>C polymorphism was associated with cancer risk (OR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.62–1.38 for dominant model, OR = 1.06, 95%CI 0.73–1.55 for recessive model, OR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.62–1.26 for CT vs TT model, OR = 1.03, 95%CI 0.61–1.73 for CC vs TT model). While, a significantly increase risk was found for -156 G>GG polymorphism (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.10–1.35 for dominant model, OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.10–1.41 for recessive model, OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.06–1.32 for GGG vs GG model, OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.09–1.68 for GGGG vs GG model). For -66T>G polymorphism, we found a decrease risk of cancer (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–0.98 for dominant model), but this result changed (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.77–1.12 for dominant model) when we excluded a study. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that in Chinese population the -156G>GG polymorphism of SPP1 might be a risk factor for human cancers, while -443T>C mutation is not associated with cancer risk. For -66T>G polymorphism, it may be a protective factor for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Lei
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Niu Y, Zhang W, Yang Z, Li X, Wen J, Wang S, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhou H, Fang W, Qin L, Su Q. Association of plasma osteoprotegerin levels with the severity of lower extremity arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:86. [PMID: 26260869 PMCID: PMC4531516 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and suggested as a marker of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the association between plasma OPG levels and lower extremity arterial disease. We investigated whether plasma OPG levels were associated with the presence and severity of lower extremity arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This was a study of 712 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40 years or older. Plasma OPG was measured using ELISA. The lower extremity arterial disease was diagnosed by high-frequency color Doppler ultrasonic. Results Of 712 patients, 505 (70.9 %) had lower extremity arterial stenosis. OPG levels were significantly increased in patients with lower extremity arterial stenosis [1.89 (1.48-2.41) vs. 2.39 (1.82-3.33) ng/mL, p < 0.001]. Plasma OPG levels increased gradually with increasing severity of lower extremity arterial stenosis (p < 0.001 for trend), after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure(SBP). The risk of lower extremity arterial disease was increased (OR = 1.17, 95 % CI 1.09 –1.28, p < 0.001) with each standard deviation (SD) higher level of OPG in patients with type 2 diabetes after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors. Conclusions Plasma OPG levels were significantly associated with the presence and severity of lower extremity arterial disease. Our results suggest that OPG is an important plasma biomarker of lower extremity arterial disease in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Suijun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Houguang Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjun Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China.
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Yegin ZA, İyidir ÖT, Demirtaş C, Suyanı E, Yetkin İ, Paşaoğlu H, İlhan Ç, Sucak GT. The interplay among iron metabolism, endothelium and inflammatory cascade in dysmetabolic disorders. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:333-8. [PMID: 25245337 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered as a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state with atherogenic risk factors including dyslipidemia, obesity and glucose intolerance. Oxidative stress is a unifying basis of several disorders including diabetes mellitus (DM) and MetS. We therefore designed this cross-sectional study to investigate the potential interaction among iron metabolism, inflammation and endothelial plexus in MetS and DM patients. METHODS A total of 62 patients [median age 54 (23-76) years; male/female 16/46] and 18 healthy controls [median age 38 (30-64) years; male/female 6/12] were included in the study. Patient population was classified as MetS (n = 30) and DM (n = 32). RESULTS Leukocyte count (p = 0.002) and osteopontin (OPN) levels (p = 0.008) were significantly higher, while C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.056) and IL-6 (p = 0.059) represented a relative increase in the patient group. Leptin, endothelin 1 (ET1), hepcidin, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), iron, transferrin saturation (TS) and ferritin levels were not significantly different between the patient and control groups. Endothelin 1 was found to be higher in the DM group compared to MetS group (p = 0.15, p = 0.049). Leukocyte count, leptin, hepcidin, OPN, NOS, IL-6, ESR, CRP, iron, TS and ferritin levels were not different between DM and MetS groups. A positive correlation was demonstrated between leptin and OPN (p = 0.001, r = 0.360), ferritin and hepcidin (p < 0.01, r = 0.633), IL-6 and CRP (p = 0.023, r = 0.319), leptin and NOS (p = 0.005, r = 0.309) and OPN and NOS (p < 0.001, r = 0.803). There was a negative correlation between hepcidin and NOS (p = 0.009, r = -0.289). When the study cohort was divided into two particular groups based on median ferritin and hepcidin levels, hepcidin (p = 0.002), ALT (p = 0.001) and LDL (p = 0.049) levels were higher in the high-ferritin group. Nitric oxide synthase levels (p = 0.033) were lower, whereas ferritin levels (p = 0.004) were higher in the high-hepcidin group. CONCLUSION Mechanisms involved in the vicious circle of MetS including inflammation, endothelial vasculature and iron metabolism remain to be elucidated. The role of iron metabolism in this complex interaction should be confirmed with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Yegin
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ö T İyidir
- Department of Endocrinology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Demirtaş
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Suyanı
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İ Yetkin
- Department of Endocrinology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Paşaoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ç İlhan
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G T Sucak
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Pérez de Ciriza C, Lawrie A, Varo N. Osteoprotegerin in Cardiometabolic Disorders. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:564934. [PMID: 26078757 PMCID: PMC4442310 DOI: 10.1155/2015/564934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a glycoprotein traditionally implicated in bone remodelling, has been recently related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Human studies show a positive relationship between circulating OPG, vascular damage, and CVD, and as such OPG has emerged as a potential biomarker for CVD. This review focuses on the relationship between circulating OPG and different endocrine cardiometabolic alterations such as type 1 and 2 diabetes. The association of OPG with diabetic complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, or retinopathy) as well as with atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, morbidity, and mortality is pointed out. Moreover, OPG modulation by different treatments is also established. Besides, other associated diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, which are known cardiovascular risk factors, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pérez de Ciriza
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - A. Lawrie
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - N. Varo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- *N. Varo:
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Pérez de Ciriza C, Moreno M, Restituto P, Bastarrika G, Simón I, Colina I, Varo N. Circulating osteoprotegerin is increased in the metabolic syndrome and associates with subclinical atherosclerosis and coronary arterial calcification. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:272-8. [PMID: 25218813 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The relationship between osteoprotegerin (OPG) a glycoprotein related to bone metabolism and the metabolic syndrome (MS) has not been established. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate OPG concentration in patients with MS and its association with subclinical atherosclerosis and coronary arterial calcification (CAC). MATERIALS/METHODS The study included 238 asymptomatic patients. MS was diagnosed according to the NCEP/ATPIII guidelines. OPG was measured by ELISA. All subjects underwent ultrasonography of the common carotid arteries to measure intima-media thickness (IMT) and evaluate the presence of atheroma plaques. In a subgroup (n=39) CAC was quantified by ECG-triggered cardiac computed tomography. Adipose tissue was excised from 25 patients and OPG expression by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry was studied. RESULTS Patients with the MS (n=60) had higher OPG than patients without (n=178) (p<0.05). OPG correlated with IMT (r=0.2, p=0.005) and patients with atheroma plaques had higher OPG (p=0.008) and also those with coronary artery calcification (p<0.05). OPG expression was confirmed in adipose tissue (n=12) and the expression was significantly higher in patients with MS than in those without (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that OPG may potentially be a biomarker for cardiovascular risk/damage in the MS and identifies adipose tissue as a potential source of OPG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Moreno
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Restituto
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Bastarrika
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isabel Simón
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Colina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Varo
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Li M, Sun Y, Guan X, Shu X, Li C. Advanced progress on the relationship between RA and its receptors and malignant tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 91:271-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Kivisäkk P, Healy BC, Francois K, Gandhi R, Gholipour T, Egorova S, Sevdalinova V, Quintana F, Chitnis T, Weiner HL, Khoury SJ. Evaluation of circulating osteopontin levels in an unselected cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis: relevance for biomarker development. Mult Scler 2013; 20:438-44. [PMID: 24005026 DOI: 10.1177/1352458513503052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is a pleiotropic protein with important roles in inflammation and immunity that has been suggested as a candidate biomarker for disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE We evaluated plasma levels of OPN in an unselected cohort of MS patients, to determine its potential as a biomarker for disease subtype and/or disease activity in a regular clinical setting. METHODS We analyzed OPN plasma levels in 492 consecutive MS patients, using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS OPN levels were higher in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS, compared to healthy controls. Treatment with natalizumab or glatiramer acetate was associated with lower OPN levels. There was no significant association between the OPN levels and disease activity, as measured by clinical or radiological criteria. One-third of patients with high OPN levels had concurrent disorders that may also be associated with increased OPN expression, and which may mask a modest effect of MS disease activity on OPN levels. CONCLUSION Our data do not support a role for circulating OPN levels as a biomarker for disease activity in a heterogeneous clinical setting, but does not rule out a potential role in the cerebrospinal fluid, in a controlled setting such as a clinical trial, or in concert with other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Kivisäkk
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Serum osteoprotegerin and osteopontin levels are associated with arterial stiffness and the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:1924-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chin VKL, Shinagawa A, Naclerio-Homem MDG. Bone healing of mandibular critical-size defects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Braz Oral Res 2013; 27:423-30. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242013000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kim J, Song TJ, Yang SH, Lee OH, Nam HS, Kim YD, Kim EH, Lee HS, Nam CM, Heo JH. Plasma osteoprotegerin levels increase with the severity of cerebral artery atherosclerosis. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1036-1040. [PMID: 23726804 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and suggested as a marker of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether plasma OPG levels were associated with the presence and severity of cerebral atherosclerosis. DESIGN AND METHODS We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the plasma OPG levels of 107 patients with acute cerebral infarction. We compared the plasma OPG levels according to the presence and number of arteries with cerebral atherosclerosis (≥ 50% stenosis). RESULTS Of 107 patients, 73 (68.2%) had cerebral atherosclerosis. OPG levels were increased in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis (374.69 ± 206.48 vs 261.17 ± 166.91 pg/mL, p=0.006). OPG levels showed positive correlation with the number of cerebral arteries with atherosclerosis (Spearman's rho=0.342, p<0.001). After adjustment for vascular risk factors, OPG>229.9 pg/mL was independently associated with the presence [OR 4.61, 95% CI 1.57-13.55, p=0.005, binary logistic regression] of cerebral atherosclerosis and number [OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.26-8.12, p=0.014, ordinal logistic regression] of arteries with cerebral atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Plasma OPG levels were significantly associated with the presence and severity of cerebral atherosclerosis. This finding suggests that plasma OPG might have a role in cerebral atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkwon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Yang
- Severance Cerebral and Cardiovascular Integrative Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Lee
- Severance Cerebral and Cardiovascular Integrative Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Suk Nam
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Dae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Severance Cerebral and Cardiovascular Integrative Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoe Heo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Cerebral and Cardiovascular Integrative Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a 401 amino acid N-glycosylated protein, which is highly expressed in a large number of tissues. OPG mainly binds to two ligands, i.e. RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) and TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor- related apoptosis-inducing ligand). Upon binding to the former ligand, OPG inhibits the activation of osteoclasts and promotes apoptosis of osteoclasts, whereas the binding of OPG with TRAIL prevents apoptosis of tumor cells. There is now emerging evidence that OPG participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases by amplifying the adverse effects of inflammation and several traditional risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Some epidemiological studies also showed a positive association between OPG levels and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the main biochemical, physiological, and pathological aspects of OPG biology in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Montagnana
- Chemistry and Clinical Microscopy Section, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, Italy.
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Condliffe R, Pickworth JA, Hopkinson K, Walker SJ, Hameed AG, Suntharaligam J, Soon E, Treacy C, Pepke-Zaba J, Francis SE, Crossman DC, Newman CMH, Elliot CA, Morton AC, Morrell NW, Kiely DG, Lawrie A. Serum osteoprotegerin is increased and predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2012; 2:21-7. [PMID: 22558516 PMCID: PMC3342744 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.94819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that osteoprotegerin (OPG) is regulated by pathways associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and is present at elevated levels within pulmonary vascular lesions and sera from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH). Since OPG is a naturally secreted protein, we investigated the relationship between serum OPG and disease severity and outcome in patients with IPAH and animal models. OPG mRNA expression was measured in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) from pulmonary arteries of patients with and without IPAH. Serum concentrations of OPG were measured in a retrospective and prospective group of patients. OPG levels were compared with phenotypic data and other putative PAH biomarkers. Prognostic significance was assessed and levels compared with healthy controls. Correlation of OPG and pulmonary vascular remodeling was also performed in rodent models of PAH. OPG mRNA was significantly increased 2-fold in PASMC isolated from explanted PAH lungs compared with control. Serum OPG concentrations were markedly elevated in IPAH compared with controls. In Cohort 1 OPG levels significantly correlated with mean right atrial pressure and cardiac index, while in Cohort 2 significant correlations existed between age-adjusted OPG levels and gas transfer. In both cohorts an OPG concentration above a ROC-derived threshold of 4728 pg/ml predicted poorer survival. In two rodent models, OPG correlated with the degree of pulmonary vascular remodeling. OPG levels are significantly elevated in patients with idiopathic PAH and are of prognostic significance. The role of OPG as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Condliffe
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Osteoprotegerin, but not osteopontin, as a potential predictor of vascular calcification in normotensive subjects. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:531-8. [PMID: 22278625 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional observation study that included 500 asymptomatic subjects to investigate the relationship between bone metabolism and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in hypertensive conditions. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN) levels and their associations with hypertension were analyzed to predict CAC in 316 subjects. Multislice computed tomography was used to quantify CAC. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the non-interactive effects of hypertension, CAC severity and biomarker levels, and the logistic regression model was applied to predict the risk of CAC. OPG and OPN concentrations were significantly higher in the hypertensive than the normotensive subjects, at 3.0 (2.3-4.0) pmol l(-1) and 51 (21-136) ng ml(-1) vs. 2.4 (2.0-3.0) pmol l(-1) and 41 (13-63) ng ml(-1), respectively. The OPG level, but not OPN level, increased with age (r = 0.29; P = 0.0001). Zero or minimal CAC (<10 Agatston units (AU)) was observed in 63% of the subjects, mild (11-100 AU) in 17%, moderate (101-400 AU) in 12% and severe (401-1000 AU)-to-extensive (>1000 AU) in 8%. In hypertensive subjects, only glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (β = -0.67) and gender (β = 0.52) were significant predictors for CAC (R = 0.68). In normotensive patients, GFR (β = -0.81), gender (β = 0.48) and log-transformed OPG levels (β = 0.15) were significant predictors for CAC. OPG levels were associated with an increased risk of CAC in normotensive subjects only (odds ratio: 3.37; 95% confidence interval (1.63-6.57); P = 0.0002). OPG predicted a premature state of vascular calcification in asymptomatic normotensive individuals, and renal function significantly contributed to this process in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects.
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Tsioufis C, Aggelis A, Dimitriadis K, Thomopoulos C, Kasiakogias A, Tzamou V, Kyvelou SM, Mikhailidis DP, Papademetriou V, Stefanadis C. Relationships of osteoprotegerin with albuminuria and asymmetric dimethylarginine in essential hypertension: integrating vascular dysfunction. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:1347-53. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.642868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Reinhard H, Nybo M, Hansen PR, Wiinberg N, Kjær A, Petersen CL, Winther K, Parving HH, Rasmussen LM, Rossing P, Jacobsen PK. Osteoprotegerin and coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011; 10:70. [PMID: 21801376 PMCID: PMC3162489 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Plasma osteoprotegerin (P-OPG) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in diabetic and other populations. OPG is a bone-related glycopeptide produced by vascular smooth muscle cells and increased P-OPG may reflect arterial damage. We investigated the correlation between P-OPG and coronary artery disease (CAD) in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Methods P-OPG was measured in 200 asymptomatic diabetic patients without known cardiac disease. Patients with P-NT-proBNP >45.2 ng/l and/or coronary calcium score (CCS) ≥400 were stratified as high risk of CAD (n = 133), and all other patients as low risk patients (n = 67). High risk patients were examined by myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI; n = 109), and/or CT-angiography (n = 20), and/or coronary angiography (CAG; n = 86). Significant CAD was defined by presence of significant myocardial perfusion defects at MPI and/or >70% coronary artery stenosis at CAG. Results Significant CAD was demonstrated in 70 of the high risk patients and of these 23 patients had >70% coronary artery stenosis at CAG. Among high risk patients, increased P-OPG was an independent predictor of significant CAD (adjusted odds ratio [CI] 3.11 [1.01-19.54] and 3.03 [1.00-9.18] for second and third tertile vs.first tertile P-OPG, respectively) and remained so after adjustments for NT-proBNP and CCS. High P-OPG was also associated with presence of >70% coronary artery stenosis(adjusted odds ratio 14.20 [1.35-148.92] for third vs. first tertile P-OPG), and 91% of patients with low (first tertile) P-OPG did not have >70% coronary artery stenosis. Conclusions Elevated P-OPG is an independent predictor of the presence of CAD in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.
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