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Mu F, Wang W, Liu L, Hu N, Wang F. Impact of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on lipid levels in pregnant women with previous pregnancy losses: a retrospective longitudinal study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1439599. [PMID: 39267857 PMCID: PMC11390446 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1439599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aims to investigate the impact of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on the lipid levels of pregnant women who have experienced pregnancy losses. Methods This retrospective study analyzed data from pregnant women with previous pregnancy losses from two medical centers. Their lipid profiles were measured at least twice during pregnancy. According to the use of omega-3 soft gel capsules, participants were divided into the omega-3 group and the control group. We assessed the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and longitudinal lipid levels during pregnancy using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Subsequently, we conducted subgroup analyses to delineate the profile of beneficiaries who received omega-3 fatty acids based on body mass index (BMI), age, menstrual regularity, number of previous pregnancy losses, number of previous live births, and educational level. Results The omega-3 group included 105 participants, while the control group comprised 274 participants. Women in the omega-3 group started supplementation between 3.43 and 17.14 weeks of gestation. According to GEE analysis, supplementing omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) levels during pregnancy (adjusted β = -0.300, 95% CI -0.445 to -0.154, p < 0.001). No associations between omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were observed. Subgroup analyses revealed that omega-3 fatty acids supplementation was related to a reduction in TG levels among pregnant women with age of ≤35 years, a normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), 1-2 previous pregnancy losses, no previous live births, or an educational level above high school. Conclusion Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may significantly reduce TG levels, yet it does not seem to improve TC, LDL-C, or HDL-C levels in pregnant women with previous pregnancy losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Mu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Wan S, Wu W, Zhang Y, He J, Wang X, An P, Luo J, Zhu Y, Luo Y. Antioxidant Lipid Supplement on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2213. [PMID: 39064656 PMCID: PMC11279989 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of functional lipids with antioxidant properties in reducing cardiovascular risk has not been consistent. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting estimates for the effects of antioxidant functional lipid supplementations on cardiometabolic risk factors were searched up to 1 May 2024. Overall, antioxidant lipid supplementations, compared with placebo, had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (lycopene: -1.95 [-3.54, -0.36] mmHg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n6 fatty acid: -0.39 [-0.71, -0.06] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.11 [-0.21, -0.01] mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n3 fatty acid: 0.20 [0.13, 0.27] mmol/L; n6 fatty acid: 0.08 [0.01, 0.14] mmol/L; astaxanthin: 0.13 [0.05, 0.21] mmol/L), total cholesterol (n6 fatty acid: -0.24 [-0.37, -0.11] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.22 [-0.32, -0.12] mmol/L; beta-carotene: -0.13 [-0.23, -0.04] mmol/L), triglyceride (n3 fatty acid: -0.37 [-0.47, -0.28] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.46 [-0.83, -0.10] mmol/L), and fasting blood insulin (astaxanthin: -2.66 [-3.98, -1.34] pmol/L). The benefits of antioxidant lipid supplementations appeared to be most evident in blood pressure and blood lipids in participants with different cardiometabolic health statuses. Notably, n9 fatty acid increased triglyceride and hemoglobin A1C in the total population, which increases CVD risk. Antioxidant lipid supplementations ameliorate cardiometabolic risk factors, while their effect may depend on type and cardiometabolic health status. Long-term RCTs are needed to corroborate risk-benefit ratios across different antioxidant functional lipid supplementation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Wan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jian He
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China;
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312366, China;
| | - Peng An
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Junjie Luo
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Yinhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (P.A.)
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Saha S, Saha S, Gayen M. The dietary supplements effect on metabolic markers in non-pharmacologically managed gestational diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:943-966. [PMID: 38932907 PMCID: PMC11196533 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Although several randomized clinical trials have tested the effect of prenatal dietary supplements on plasma glucose and lipid levels in non-pharmacologically managed gestational diabetes mellitus patients (GDM), a rigorous meta-analytic compendium lacks in the context. Therefore, this study aims to address this evidence gap. Method Eligible trials retrieved from searches in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were appraised using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The weighted mean differences (WMD) between dietary supplements and placebo were estimated using random-effect meta-analysis models for plasma glycemic and lipid markers. Meta-regression analysis ensued for effect modifier identification. The statistical significance estimation happened at p < 0.05 (95% confidence interval). Results This review included 19 trials (mostly Iranian and of low risk of bias primarily) of > 8000 GDM patients. Meta-analysis showed favorable effects of dietary supplementation on fasting plasma glucose (WMD: -5.42 mg/dL, p < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment indexes- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; WMD: -1.02, p < 0.001), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (WMD: 0.01, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC; WMD: -7.70 mg/dL, p = 0.006), triglycerides (WMD: -10.23 mg/dL, p = 0.0083), TC/high-density lipoprotein (WMD: -0.31 mg/dL, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (WMD: -5.79 mg/dL; p < 0.001) and very-low-density lipoprotein (WMD: -5.67 mg/dL, p < 0.001) levels. However, the HOMA- ß-cell function didn't increase (WMD: -17.91, p < 0.001). Baseline maternal age (ß = 0.28, p = 0.014) and GDM diagnostic criteria (ß = 0.90, p = 0.012) were effect moderators of HOMA-IR and body mass index (BMI) (ß = 6.07, p = 0.022) and supplement type (solo versus combined) (ß = 14.99, p = 0.006) were effect moderators of triglyceride levels. Conclusion Altogether, antenatal dietary supplements achieved control over plasma glycemic and lipid profiles in non-pharmacologically treated GDM patients. Maternal age and GDM diagnostic criteria moderated HOMA-IR levels. BMI and supplement-type moderated triglyceride levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01369-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujata Saha
- Department of Mathematics, Mankar College, Mankar, West Bengal India
| | - Mohan Gayen
- Department of Community Medicine, R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal India
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Wang L, Huang X, Sun M, Zheng T, Zheng L, Lin X, Ruan J, Lin F. New light on ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and diabetes debate: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling and intake threshold study. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:8. [PMID: 38438344 PMCID: PMC10912742 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a key modifiable factor in the intervention of type 2 diabetes, yet recommendations for dietary consumption of ω-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes remain ambiguous and controversial. Here, we revisit the subject in the light of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PPK-PD) modeling and propose a threshold for intake. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma levels of ω-3 PUFA and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indicator, respectively. The nonlinear mixed effect analysis was used to construct a PPK-PD model for ω-3 PUFA and to quantify the effects of FADS gene polymorphism, age, liver and kidney function, and other covariables. RESULTS Data from 161 patients with type 2 diabetes in the community were modeled in a two-compartment model with primary elimination, and HDL was a statistically significant covariate. The simulation results showed that HbA1c showed a dose-dependent decrease of ω-3 PUFA plasma level. A daily intake of ω-3 PUFA at 0.4 g was sufficient to achieve an HbA1c level of 7% in more than 95% of patients. CONCLUSIONS PPK/PD modeling was proposed as a multilevel analytical framework to quantitatively investigate finer aspects of the complex relationship between ω-3 PUFA and type 2 diabetes on genetic and non-genetic influence factors. The results support a beneficial role for ω-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes and suggested the intake threshold. This new approach may provide insights into the interaction of the two and an understanding of the context in which changes occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Mingyao Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tian Zheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luyan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junshan Ruan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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5
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Kemse N, Chhetri S, Joshi S. Beneficial effects of dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on offspring brain development in gestational diabetes mellitus. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 202:102632. [PMID: 39029386 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Various mechanisms through which maternal diet influences offspring brain development in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. We speculate that prenatal omega 3 fatty acids will improve the levels of brain neurotrophins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenic factor leading to improved cognitive performance in the offspring. GDM was induced in Wistar rats using streptozotocin. They were assigned to either control, GDM or GDM+O (GDM + omega-3 fatty acid supplementation). The offspring were followed till 3 mo of age and cognitive assessment was undertaken. Data analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test. GDM induction increased (p < 0.01) dam glucose levels and lowered brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels (p = 0.056) in the offspring at birth. At 3 months, GDM group showed significantly lower levels of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor-2 (NTRK-2) and VEGF, lower mRNA levels of NTRK-2 and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) (P < 0.05 for all) as compared to control. The GDM offspring had a higher escape latency (p < 0.01), made lesser % correct choices and more errors (p < 0.05 for both). Prenatal supplementation with omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was beneficial since it ameliorated some of the adverse effects of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kemse
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune - 411043, India
| | - Sunaina Chhetri
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune - 411043, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune - 411043, India.
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Du H, Li D, Molive LM, Wu N. Advances in free fatty acid profiles in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Transl Med 2024; 22:180. [PMID: 38374136 PMCID: PMC10875910 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The morbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and long-term maternal and infant health. The exact mechanism underlying changes in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) profiles in patients with GDM is unknown. However, it is believed that changes in diet and lipid metabolism may play a role. Fatty acids contain many specific FFAs, and the type of FFA has different impacts on physiological processes; hence, determining changes in FFAs in individual plasma is essential. Alterations in FFA concentration or profile may facilitate insulin resistance. Additionally, some FFAs show potential to predict GDM in early pregnancy and are strongly associated with the growth and development of the fetus and occurrence of macrosomia. Here, we aimed to review changes in FFAs in women with GDM and discuss the relationship of FFAs with GDM incidence and adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Laura Monjowa Molive
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
- Medical Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Silveira JM, Ribeiro TS, Guilarducci MJ, Reis MG, Vieira RAL, Guimarães NS, Gomes JMG. Effect of fish-oil supplementation on the glycemic and lipidemic profiles of pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad158. [PMID: 38318725 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Pregnant women have physiological metabolic changes in glycemic and lipid profiles that are essential for fetal development. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of fish-oil-capsule supplementation on the glycemic and lipid profiles of pregnant women. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was conducted of the MEDLINE (by PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases and gray literature, including preprints for all relevant studies published in English, with no date restrictions. DATA EXTRACTION The estimated pooled results were analyzed using a random-effects model and represented by mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analyses were performed with R software, version 4.2.1, using the "Meta" packages, versions 6.0-0. DATA ANALYSIS Fifteen eligible studies were included after screening. In a pooled analysis, overall fish-oil supplementation had no effect on parameters compared with placebo. In the subgroup analysis, fish-oil supplementation may be beneficial in insulin (MD: -2.11 IU/mL; 95% CI: -3.86, -0.36) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: -0.71; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.29) indices, with heterogeneity (I2 =0%) among pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. In the subgroup with doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) below 200 mg, there was a reduction in HOMA-IR in the intervention group (MD: -0.60; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.06). CONCLUSION Pregnant women taking fish-oil capsules showed significant beneficial changes in the subgroups of type 2 diabetes and EPA dosages below 200 mg for insulin and HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Silveira
- Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, Brazil
| | - Thassia S Ribeiro
- Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nathalia S Guimarães
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Júnia M G Gomes
- Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, Brazil
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Dinesh S, Sharma S, Chourasiya R. Therapeutic Applications of Plant and Nutraceutical-Based Compounds for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e050523216593. [PMID: 37151065 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230505140206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a condition caused by a deficiency in insulin production or sensitivity that is defined by persistent hyperglycemia as well as disturbances in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Uncurbed diabetes or incessant hyperglycemic condition can lead to severe complications, including renal damage, visual impairment, cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, etc., which promotes diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality rates. The therapeutic management of diabetes includes conventional medications and nutraceuticals as complementary therapies. Nutraceuticals are bioactive compounds derived from food sources that have health-promoting properties and are instrumental in the management and treatment of various maladies. Nutraceuticals are clinically exploited to tackle DM pathogenesis, and the clinical evidence suggests that nutraceuticals can modulate biochemical parameters related to diabetes pathogenesis and comorbidities. Hypoglycemic medicines are designed to mitigate DM in traditional medicinal practice. This review intends to emphasize and comment on the various therapeutic strategies available to manage this chronic condition, conventional drugs, and the potential role of nutraceuticals in managing the complexity of the disease and reducing the risk of complications. In contrast to conventional antihyperglycemic drugs, nutraceutical supplements offer a higher efficacy and lesser adverse effects. To substantiate the efficacy and safety of various functional foods in conjunction with conventional hypoglycemic medicines, additional data from clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, 560043, India
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, 560043, India
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de Souza Lima B, Sanches APV, Ferreira MS, de Oliveira JL, Cleal JK, Ignacio-Souza L. Maternal-placental axis and its impact on fetal outcomes, metabolism, and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166855. [PMID: 37633470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity could impact offspring's health. During "critical period" such as pregnancy insults have a significant role in developing chronic diseases later in life. Literature has shown that diet can play a major role in essential metabolic and development processes on fetal outcomes. Moreover, the placenta, an essential organ developed in pregnancy, seems to have its functions impaired based on pre-gestational and gestational nutritional status. Specifically, a high-fat diet has been shown as a potential nutritional insult that also affects the maternal-placental axis, which is involved in offspring development and outcome. Moreover, some classes of nutrients are associated with pregnancy complications such as reduced intake of micronutrients and diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery. Thus, we will summarize the current literature on maternal environment factors that impacts the placental development and consequently the fetal an offspring health, or the maternal-placental axis, and this on fetal outcomes, metabolism, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Varela Sanches
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíra Schuchter Ferreira
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josilene Lopes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jane K Cleal
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Letícia Ignacio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Elbarbary NS, Ismail EAR, Mohamed SA. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improves early-stage diabetic nephropathy and subclinical atherosclerosis in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2372-2380. [PMID: 37862823 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have evaluated the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory, autoimmune and renal diseases. However, data about the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are lacking. OBJECTIVES This randomized-controlled trial assessed the effect of oral omega-3 supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, albuminuria level, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in pediatric patients with T1DM and diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Seventy T1DM patients and diabetic nephropathy were enrolled with a mean age 15.2 ± 1.96 years and median disease duration 7 years. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups; intervention group which received oral omega-3 fatty acids capsules (1 g daily). The other group received a matching placebo and served as a control group. Both groups were followed-up for 6 months with assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, fasting lipids, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), KIM-1 and CIMT. RESULTS After 6 months, omega-3 fatty acids adjuvant therapy for the intervention group resulted in a significant decrease in FBG, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, UACR, KIM-1 and CIMT, whereas, HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher post-therapy compared with baseline levels and compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Baseline KIM-1 levels were positively correlated to HbA1c, UACR and CIMT. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids was safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 fatty acids as an adjuvant therapy in pediatric T1DM patients with diabetic nephropathy improved glycemic control, dyslipidemia and delayed disease progression and subclinical atherosclerosis among those patients. This trial was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT05980026.
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Mu F, Huo H, Wang M, Wang F. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements and recurrent miscarriage: A perspective on potential mechanisms and clinical evidence. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4460-4471. [PMID: 37576058 PMCID: PMC10420786 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects approximately 1%-5% of couples worldwide. Due to its complicated etiologies, the treatments for RM also vary greatly, including surgery for anatomic factors such as septate uterus and uterine adhesions, thyroid modulation drugs for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and aspirin and low molecular weight heparin for antiphospholipid syndrome. However, these treatment modalities are still insufficient to solve RM. Omega-3 fatty acids are reported to modulate the dysregulation of immune cells, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, inflammation, etc., which are closely associated with the pathogenesis of RM. However, there is a lack of a systematic description of the involvement of omega-3 fatty acids in treating RM, and the underlying mechanisms are also not clear. In this review, we sought to determine the potential mechanisms that are highly associated with the pathogenesis of RM and the regulation of omega-3 fatty acids on these mechanisms. In addition, we also highlighted the direct and indirect clinical evidence of omega-3 fatty acid supplements to treat RM, which might encourage the application of omega-3 fatty acids to treat RM, thus improving pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Mu
- Department of Reproductive MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Huyan Huo
- Department of Reproductive MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Reproductive MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Reproductive MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
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12
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Liu W, Gao M, Yang S, Sun C, Bi Y, Li Y, Wang J, Yuan X. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with gestational diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108451. [PMID: 36913875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM We assessed whether omega-3 supplementation could improve glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory factors in individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS In this meta-study, we used a random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analysis model to analyze the mean differences (MD) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) before and after omega-3 and placebo supplementation, thus evaluating the effects of omega-3 on glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory factors. RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials (331 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (WMD = -0.25 mmol/L; 95 % CI: -0.38, -0.12), fasting insulin (WMD = -17.13 pmol/L; 95 % CI: -27.95, -6.30), and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (WMD = -0.51; 95 % CI: -0.89, -0.12) were lower in the omega-3 group compared to their levels in the placebo group. The results of the analysis of lipid metabolism showed that triglycerides (WMD = -0.18 mmol/L; 95 % CI: -0.29, -0.08) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = -0.1 mmol/L; 95 % CI: -0.16, -0.03) decreased in the omega-3 group, while high-density lipoproteins (WMD = 0.06 mmol/L; 95 % CI: 0.02, 0.10) increased. Compared to the placebo group, inflammatory factor serum C-reactive protein (SMD = -0.68 mmol/L; 95 % CI: -0.96, -0.39) decreased in the omega-3 group. CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation can decrease the levels of FPG and inflammatory factors, enhance blood lipid metabolism, and reduce insulin resistance in patients with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Menghan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yaru Bi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiping Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiaojie Yuan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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13
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Li K, Li H, Song X, Kuang X, Liu S, Zhu S, Li D. The preventive effect of mussel oil on gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant mice fed by a high-fat and high-sucrose diet. Food Funct 2023; 14:1198-1208. [PMID: 36602239 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of mussel oil (MO) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in mice fed by a high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Pregnant mice were allocated to four groups: normal diet + corn oil (CO), HFHS + CO, HFHS + fish oil (FO), and HFHS + MO. The total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in MO (51.30%) and FO (48.25%) were comparable (mainly C22:6n-3 and C20:5n-3). HFHS + MO and HHFS + FO had a significantly lower area under the curve (AUC) for the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) than the HFHS + CO group. The HFHS + MO group but not HFHS + FO group had a significantly lower AUC for the insulin tolerance test (ITT) than the HFHS + CO group. The HFHS + MO group had significantly lower homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting serum insulin than the HHFS + FO and HFHS + CO groups. Liver sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) was significantly higher, while SphK2, Akt, and P-Akt were significantly lower in the HFHS + CO group compared with the normal diet + CO group. The HFHS + MO group but not the HFHS + FO group had significantly higher SphK2, Akt, and P-Akt than the HFHS + CO group. SphK2 had a strong negative correlation with the AUC for the OGTT (r = -0.759, p = 0.001) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) (r = -0.637; p = 0.008), fasting serum insulin (r = -0.594, p = 0.015), fasting blood glucose (r = -0.587, p = 0.017) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.629, p = 0.009) and a strong positive correlation with Akt (r = 0.594, p = 0.015) and P-Akt (r = 0.676, p = 0.004). In conclusion, mussel oil improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance during mice pregnancy, which was superior to the effects of fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Huiying Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaolei Song
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaotong Kuang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Suqing Zhu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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14
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Fu Y, Yang Y, Zhu L, Chen J, Yu N, Zhao M. Effect of dietary n-6: n-3 Poly-Unsaturated fatty acids ratio on gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:583-587. [PMID: 35549805 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2073995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary n-6: n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 pregnant women were prospectively included for detailed information on dietary intake at 16-18 weeks evaluated using a three-day food record, and subsequent GDM diagnosis at 24-28 weeks. Participants were divided into two groups for analysis: GDM group (n = 22) and control group (n = 78) based on oral glucose tolerance test results performed between 24 and 28 weeks. RESULTS The average dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio in the control group was 5.63 ± 2.12 and that in the GDM group was 8.35 ± 3.45, within a significant difference (p < .05). A significant difference was associated with a higher dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio and GDM (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29, 95%confidence interval:1.303, 14.124). CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with higher odds of GDM. Given the small sample, further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Fu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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15
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Ibrahim I, Bashir M, Singh P, Al Khodor S, Abdullahi H. The Impact of Nutritional Supplementation During Pregnancy on the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes and Glycaemia Control. Front Nutr 2022; 9:867099. [PMID: 35464031 PMCID: PMC9024356 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.867099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional state before and throughout pregnancy has a critical impact on the women's health and the baby's development and growth. The release of placental hormones during pregnancy induces/ increases maternal insulin resistance and promotes nutrition utilization by the fetus. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common medical complication in pregnancy and is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity. Several studies have examined the effect of physical activity, healthy eating, and various food supplements on the risk of developing gestational diabetes (GDM) and related outcomes. Among those, Myo-Inositol supplementation has shown encouraging results in the prevention of GDM. Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an elevated risk of GDM, and supplementation can improve glucose haemostasis by lowering fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and serum insulin concentration. Probiotics modulate the gut microbiota leading to an improved glucose and lipid metabolism, which is proposed to reduce the risk of GDM. We aim to review the strength and limitation of the current evidence for using some nutritional supplements either as single agents or in combinations on the risk of developing GDM and on glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ibrahim
- Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Bashir
- Endocrine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parul Singh
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hala Abdullahi
- Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Maternal early-pregnancy body mass index-associated metabolomic component and mental and behavioral disorders in children. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4653-4661. [PMID: 35948657 PMCID: PMC9734035 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and/or higher body mass index (BMI) have been associated with neurodevelopmental and mental health adversities in children. While maternal metabolomic perturbations during pregnancy may underpin these associations, the existing evidence is limited to studying individual metabolites, not capturing metabolic variation specific to maternal BMI, and not accounting for the correlated nature of the metabolomic measures. By using multivariate supervised analytical methods, we first identified maternal early-pregnancy BMI-associated metabolomic component during pregnancy. We then examined whether this component was associated with mental and behavioral disorders in children, improved the prediction of the child outcomes over maternal BMI, and what proportion of the effect of maternal BMI on the child outcomes this component mediated. Early-pregnancy BMI of 425 mothers participating in the PREDO study was extracted from the national Medical Birth Register. During pregnancy, mothers donated up to three blood samples, from which a targeted panel of 68 metabolites were measured. Mental and behavioral disorders in children followed-up from birth until 8.4-12.8 years came from the Care Register for Health Care. Of the 68 metabolites averaged across the three sampling points, 43 associated significantly with maternal early-pregnancy BMI yielding a maternal early-pregnancy BMI-associated metabolomic component (total variance explained, 55.4%; predictive ability, 52.0%). This metabolomic component was significantly associated with higher hazard of any mental and behavioral disorder [HR 1.45, 95%CI(1.15, 1.84)] and relative risk of having a higher number of co-morbid disorders [RR 1.43, 95%CI(1.12, 1.69)] in children. It improved the goodness-of-model-fit over maternal BMI by 37.7-65.6%, and hence the predictive significance of the model, and mediated 60.8-75.8% of the effect of maternal BMI on the child outcomes. Maternal BMI-related metabolomic perturbations during pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of mental and behavioral disorders in children. These findings may allow identifying metabolomic targets for personalized interventions.
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17
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Sangouni AA, Orang Z, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. Effect of omega-3 supplementation on cardiometabolic indices in diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:86. [PMID: 34911587 PMCID: PMC8672492 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Omega-3 supplementation has been proposed as a possible strategy for management of cardiometabolic risk. Cardiometabolic indices can predict and evaluate the cardiometabolic risk. Aims We investigated the effect of omega-3 supplementation on accurate and available cardiometabolic indices including atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index I, Castelli risk index II and atherogenic coefficient (AC) in diabetic patients with NAFLD. Methods We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) for 12 weeks. From August 2016 to March 2017, the subjects referred to Faghihi hospital in Shiraz, Iran, were recruited. Sixty diabetic patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned into the omega-3 (2000 mg/d omega-3 capsule contained 360 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid and 240 mg/d docosahexaenoic acid) and the placebo (liquid paraffin) groups using computer-generated random number table. Results Omega-3 supplementation compared to the placebo had no significant effect on AIP (− 0.11 ± 0.20 vs. -0.03 ± 0.16; P = 0.11), Castelli risk index I (− 0.25 ± 0.6 vs. -0.07 ± 0.7; P = 0.42), Castelli risk index II (− 0.24 ± 0.5 vs. -0.14 ± 0.5; P = 0.63) and AC (− 0.25 ± 0.6 vs. -0.07 ± 0.7; P = 0.42). After adjusting for confounding factors, the findings remained without change. Conclusion Omega-3 supplementation (2000 mg/d) for 12 weeks has no effect on cardiometabolic risk. It seems, higher doses of omega-3 can improve cordiometabolic risk. The trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2016102530489N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Sangouni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Orang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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18
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Li N, Jia M, Deng Q, Wang Z, Huang F, Hou H, Xu T. Effect of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on blood lipid level: a meta-analysis. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:697-706. [PMID: 33123975 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on blood lipid levels. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials of n-6/n-3 PUFA interventions up to March 2019. The change values were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMDs) by using a random-effect model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 30 randomized controlled trials with 1368 participants were identified. Compared with control, low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) concentration (WMD: - 0.079 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.148 mmol/L to - 0.009 mmol/L, p = 0.026) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration (WMD: 0.033 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.007 to 0.058 mmol/L, p = 0.012). Subgroup analysis revealed that the effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on blood lipid levels were better for a longer time. The effects of α-linolenic acid on total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were more obvious among participants. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had more significant effects on TG and HDL-C concentrations. No significant publication bias was observed for TG and HDL-C, as suggested by the results of Begg's test and Egger's test. CONCLUSION Low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA significantly reduced TG concentration and increased HDL-C concentration. The beneficial effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C concentrations were enhanced with time. However, n-3 PUFA derived from plants significantly reduced TC and LDL-C concentrations, and n-3 PUFA derived from EPA and DHA significantly reduced TG concentration and increased HDL-C concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
- Food Science and Engineering of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hanxue Hou
- Food Science and Engineering of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Engineering Research Center of Food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China.
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19
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The Effect of Resveratrol on Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Rats with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2956795. [PMID: 34721626 PMCID: PMC8553448 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2956795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that resveratrol has various biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor. This study aimed to investigate the effects of resveratrol on blood glucose and blood lipids in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods The rat diabetes model was prepared by one-time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg). Fasting blood glucose was measured by using a blood glucose meter. The ELISA method was used to detect the levels of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, TNF-α, and IL-6. The content of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C was determined by using an automatic biochemical detector. Results Compared with the GDM group, the insulin level in the resveratrol (120 and 240 mg/kg) treatment group was significantly increased. But, the blood glucose level and body weight were significantly reduced. The content of TC, TG, and LDL-C in the resveratrol (240 mg/kg) treatment group was significantly reduced, and the content of HDL-C was significantly increased. In addition, leptin, resistin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the 240 mg/kg resveratrol treatment group were significantly reduced, and adiponectin was significantly increased. Also, resveratrol (240 mg/kg) was stronger than metformin hydrochloride in improving insulin secretion and regulating blood lipids and adipokine content. Conclusion Resveratrol has a dose-dependent effect on GDM rats to increase insulin secretion, reduce blood glucose and body weight, and regulate blood lipids and plasma adipokines.
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20
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Khalili L, Valdes-Ramos R, Harbige LS. Effect of n-3 (Omega-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Body Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110742. [PMID: 34822400 PMCID: PMC8620218 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids on metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been reported. The objectives of this current research were to investigate the effects of n-3 supplementation on metabolic factors, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). Online databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct were searched until 2021 to identify eligible articles. Thirty trials were included. The results showed that n-3 consumption can significantly reduce glycemic factors including fasting blood sugar (FBS) (−0.36 (−0.71 to −0.01)), glycated hemoglobulin (HbA1c) (−0.74 (−1.13 to −0.35)), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA.IR) (−0.58 (−1.13 to −0.03)). Furthermore, significant improvement in lipid profile including triglycerides (TG) (−0.27 (−0.37 to −0.18)), total cholesterol (−0.60 (−0.88 to −0.32)), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (−0.54 (−0.85 to −0.23)), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.60 (0.23 to 0.96)) levels were found in the present meta-analysis. The reduction in the inflammatory marker’s tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (−0.13 (−0.75 to 0.48)) and c-reactive protein (CRP) (−0.72 (−1.70 to 0.27)), as well as weight (−0.09 (−0.24 to 0.07)) and BMI (−0.13 (−0.29 to 0.02)) were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the optimal dose and duration of n-3 consumption for patients with T2DM is 1000–2000 mg/d for more than 8 weeks. The present meta-analysis and review reveals that n-3 supplementation can improve glycemic factors and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, n-3 supplementation may provide beneficial effects on inflammatory markers and body weight if used at the appropriate dose and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (L.S.H.)
| | - Roxana Valdes-Ramos
- Lider del Cuerpo Academico de Nutricion y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Paseo Tollocan, esq. Jesus Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, Toluca 52180, Mexico;
| | - Laurence S. Harbige
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (L.S.H.)
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21
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Goyal A, Tanwar B, Kumar Sihag M, Sharma V. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.): An emerging source of nutrients, omega-3 fatty acid and phytochemicals. Food Chem 2021; 373:131459. [PMID: 34731811 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) (SI) is an oleaginous plant producing oil and protein-rich seeds. It has been cultivated for centuries and is native to the tropical rainforest of the Amazon region of South America including parts of Peru and northwestern Brazil. At present, SI seeds are emerging as a potential source of macro- and micronutrients, α-linolenic acid and phytochemicals. This review attempts to elucidate the nutrients, phytonutrients, safety, toxicity, health benefits and food applications of SI seed. Recent scientific studies have associated the consumption of SI seed/oil with reduced risk of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, lack of awareness and in-depth understanding has resulted in it being neglected both at the consumer and industrial level. In all, SI is an underutilized and undervalued oleaginous crop which not only has the potential to mitigate food and nutritional insecurity but also offers humongous opportunities for the development of novel value-added food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Goyal
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana 384002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Beenu Tanwar
- Department of Dairy Technology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana 384002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Manvesh Kumar Sihag
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, College of Dairy Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India.
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal, Haryana, India.
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22
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The Effect of Dietary Supplements on Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Network Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072284. [PMID: 34209454 PMCID: PMC8308478 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exacerbates the oxidative stress status of the pregnant women. Τo improve the oxidative stress status, several therapeutic interventions have been suggested. The aim of this network meta-analysis is to assess the effect of different dietary supplements on the oxidative stress status in pregnant women with GDM. METHODS A network meta-analysis of randomized control trials was performed comparing the changes delta (Δ) in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) as primary outcomes, following different therapeutic interventions with dietary supplements in pregnant women with GDM. Four electronic databases and grey literature sources were searched. The secondary outcomes were other markers of oxidative stress. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 16 studies of 1173 women with GDM. Regarding ΔTAC: probiotics and omega-3 with vitamin E were superior to placebo/no intervention. Regarding ΔMDA: vitamin D with calcium, omega-3, vitamin D, omega-3 with vitamin E, magnesium with zinc and calcium, and probiotics were superior to placebo/no intervention. CONCLUSIONS Administration of dietary supplements in women with GDM can be helpful in limiting the oxidative stress which develop in these pregnancies.
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Garmendia ML, Casanello P, Flores M, Kusanovic JP, Uauy R. The effects of a combined intervention (docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and home-based dietary counseling) on metabolic control in obese and overweight pregnant women: the MIGHT study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:526.e1-526.e25. [PMID: 33152314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle interventions have shown limited effectiveness in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus. The combination of lifestyle interventions with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation could have a synergetic effect on maternal and offspring outcomes. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation among obese and overweight pregnant women (independently or combined with a dietary counseling intervention) on metabolic control in mothers and their offspring. STUDY DESIGN This study was a randomized controlled trial with a 2×2 factorial design. The following inclusion criteria were used: <15 weeks of gestation; body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 at the first prenatal visit; singleton pregnancy; and 18 years of age or older. The recruited women (n=1002) were randomly allocated to 1 of the 4 parallel groups: Group 1: dietary counseling plus 800 mg/day of docosahexaenoic acid (n=250); Group 2: routine counseling plus 800 mg/day docosahexaenoic acid (n=252); Group 3: dietary counseling plus 200 mg/day docosahexaenoic acid (n=249); and Group 4: routine counseling plus 200 mg/day docosahexaenoic acid (n=251), considered as the reference group. The dietary intervention comprised 3 sessions, and it was focused on reducing the consumption of foods that most contributed to daily sugar intake. Primary outcomes were gestational diabetes mellitus defined according to the national guidelines; macrosomia (birthweight >4000 g); and neonatal insulin resistance (cord blood Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance ≥2.60), which was assessed in a subsample of 226 newborns. The analysis was by intention to treat and by efficacy. The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02574767). RESULTS The overall incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 20.2% (Group 1, 21.0%; Group 2, 20.1%; Group 3, 18.9%; and Group 4, 20.9%). Mean birthweight was 3403.0 g (standard deviation, 575.3), and the incidence of macrosomia was 11.9% (Group 1, 13.2%; Group 2, 10.8%; Group 3, 11.5%; and Group 4, 12.1%). Median cord blood Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance was 0.9 (interquartile range, 0.6-1.7), and 10.2% showed cord blood insulin resistance (Group 1, 12.0%; Group 2, 12.0%; Group 3, 9.7%; and Group 4, 5.1%). No significant differences were found among groups regarding primary outcomes (P<.05). Glucose concentrations in the cord blood samples were lower in those adherents to the docosahexaenoic acid supplementation (P<.05). CONCLUSION For women who were overweight or obese at the beginning of pregnancy, this combined intervention did not reduce the risk of gestational diabetes in mothers or macrosomia and insulin resistance in neonates.
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Amirani E, Asemi Z, Asbaghi O, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Mansournia MA, Hallajzadeh J, Moazzami B, Chaichian S. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on metabolic status in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1685-1699. [PMID: 33520859 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Data regarding the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation on metabolic status of pregnant women are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis were done based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) dealing with the effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on glycemic control, lipoproteins, inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women. Methods Following databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to until 2019: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar. Studies that evaluated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on parameters of glycemic control, lipoproteins, inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women were found by using the key MeSH. A study quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool and heterogeneity between studies was statistically computed using Cochrane's Q test and I-square (I2). Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Results No significant effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on FPG, insulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and malondialdehyde were found. However, omega-3 PUFA significantly increased serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (WMD: 3.10; 95% CI: 0.18, 6.03) and reduced C-reactive protein (WMD: -1.85; 95% CI: -2.61, -1.09). Conclusion Based on the results of this meta-analysis omega-3 PUFA supplementation during pregnancy has a significant beneficial effect on HDL-cholesterol, and C-reactive protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Delpino FM, Figueiredo LM, da Silva BGC, da Silva TG, Mintem GC, Bielemann RM, Gigante DP. Omega-3 supplementation and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4435-4448. [PMID: 33480268 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1875977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to review the literature on studies that evaluated the effects of omega-3 supplementation on parameters of diabetes in humans. An online search was conducted in the following databases: Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science. It included experimental studies that investigated the effects of omega-3 supplementation for diabetes treatment or prevention and its relationship with fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin. Observational, non-human studies and non-randomized clinical trials were excluded. The Cochrane scale assessed the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of omega-3 on fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin. Thirty studies were included in the review. Almost 70% (n = 20) demonstrated at least one significant effect of the omega-3 supplementation related to diabetes. In the meta-analysis, there was a significant effect on the reduction of fasting blood glucose [SMD: -0.48; CI95%: -0.76, -0.19; p = 0.01; I2 = 88%] and insulin resistance [SMD: -0.61; CI95%: -0.98, -0.24; p = 0.01; I2 = 90%]. For glycated hemoglobin, there was no significant effect in the meta-analysis. This systematic review with meta-analysis demonstrated that supplementation with omega-3 has protective effects on diabetes parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mendes Delpino
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Taiciane Gonçalves da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Gicele Costa Mintem
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Renata Moraes Bielemann
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Denise Petrucci Gigante
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Houttu N, Mokkala K, Koivuniemi E, Pellonperä O, Juhila J, Sorsa T, Laitinen K. The Impacts of Fish Oil and/or Probiotic Intervention on Low-Grade Inflammation, IGFBP-1 and MMP-8 in Pregnancy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010005. [PMID: 33375174 PMCID: PMC7822218 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the impact of fish oil and/or probiotics on serum and vaginal inflammatory and metabolic proteins and their relation to the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Overweight/obese pregnant women received fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics or placebo + placebo from early pregnancy until six months postpartum (fish oil: 1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22 g eicosapentaenoic acid; probiotics: Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum/vaginal (s/v) phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-1 (phIGFBP-1), IGFBP-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) were analyzed. GDM was diagnosed according to 2 h 75 g OGTT. Results: The intervention had no impact on the change in proteins during pregnancy. Nevertheless, s-MMP-8 decreased and s-IGFBP-1 increased more in obese than in overweight women in the fish oil + probiotics group, while a decrease in s-MMP-8 was seen in obese women and an increase was seen in overweight women in the probiotics + placebo group. The late pregnancy s-phIGFBP-1 was higher in women who developed GDM in fish oil + probiotics-group compared to fish oil + placebo-group. The concentrations of s-phIGFBP-1 (635.9 ± 315.3 ng/mL vs. 753.2 ± 335.1 ng/mL, p = 0.005) and s-IGFBP-1 (3.78 ± 0.72 ng/mL vs. 3.96 ± 0.69 ng/mL, p = 0.042) were lower in early pregnancy in women who developed GDM than in women remaining healthy. Conclusions: The intervention per se had no impact on the proteins, but obesity and GDM may modify the effect. IGFBPs may affect the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (K.M.); (E.K.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kati Mokkala
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (K.M.); (E.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Ella Koivuniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (K.M.); (E.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Outi Pellonperä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | | | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (K.M.); (E.K.); (K.L.)
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Godhamgaonkar AA, Wadhwani NS, Joshi SR. Exploring the role of LC-PUFA metabolism in pregnancy complications. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 163:102203. [PMID: 33227645 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy plays a significant role in growth and development of the placenta and influencing pregnancy outcome. Suboptimal nutritional status during early gestational period compromises the normal course of pregnancy leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Omega-3 and omega-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are important for the growth and development of the placenta. Maternal fatty acids and their metabolites influence the normal course of pregnancy by regulating cell growth and development, cell signaling, regulate angiogenesis, modulate inflammatory responses and influence various structural and functional processes. Alterations in LC-PUFA and their metabolites may result in inadequate spiral artery remodeling or placental angiogenesis leading to structural and functional deficiency of the placenta which contributes to several pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth restriction, and results in adverse birth outcomes. In this review, we summarize studies examining the role of fatty acids and their metabolites in pregnancy. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanisms through which LC-PUFA influences placental growth and development. Studies have demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation lowers the incidence of preterm births, but its effect on reducing pregnancy complications are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi A Godhamgaonkar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Nisha S Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
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Parrettini S, Caroli A, Torlone E. Nutrition and Metabolic Adaptations in Physiological and Complicated Pregnancy: Focus on Obesity and Gestational Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:611929. [PMID: 33424775 PMCID: PMC7793966 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.611929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy offers a window of opportunity to program the future health of both mothers and offspring. During gestation, women experience a series of physical and metabolic modifications and adaptations, which aim to protect the fetus development and are closely related to both pre-gestational nutritional status and gestational weight gain. Moreover, pre-gestational obesity represents a challenge of treatment, and nowadays there are new evidence as regard its management, especially the adequate weight gain. Recent evidence has highlighted the determinant role of nutritional status and maternal diet on both pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of chronic diseases, through a transgenerational flow, conceptualized by the Development Origin of Health and Diseases (Dohad) theory. In this review we will analyse the physiological and endocrine adaptation in pregnancy, and the metabolic complications, thus the focal points for nutritional and therapeutic strategies that we must early implement, virtually before conception, to safeguard the health of both mother and progeny. We will summarize the current nutritional recommendations and the use of nutraceuticals in pregnancy, with a focus on the management of pregnancy complicated by obesity and hyperglycemia, assessing the most recent evidence about the effects of ante-natal nutrition on the long-term, on either maternal health or metabolic risk of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Parrettini
- S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Caroli
- S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Torlone
- S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Perugia, Italy
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Diet and Healthy Lifestyle in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103050. [PMID: 33036170 PMCID: PMC7599681 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women increases the risk of both short-term and long-term complications, such as birth complications, babies large for gestational age (LGA), and type 2 diabetes in both mother and offspring. Lifestyle changes are essential in the management of GDM. In this review, we seek to provide an overview of the lifestyle changes which can be recommended in the management of GDM. The diet recommended for women with GDM should contain sufficient macronutrients and micronutrients to support the growth of the foetus and, at the same time, limit postprandial glucose excursions and encourage appropriate maternal gestational weight gain. Blood glucose excursions and hyperglycaemic episodes depend on carbohydrate-intake. Therefore, nutritional counselling should focus on the type, amount, and distribution of carbohydrates in the diet. Further, physical activity has beneficial effects on glucose and insulin levels and it can contribute to a better glycaemic control.
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Shakoor H, Khan MI, Sahar A, Khan MKI, Faiz F, Basheer Ahmad H. Development of omega-3 rich eggs through dietary flaxseed and bio-evaluation in metabolic syndrome. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2619-2626. [PMID: 32566179 PMCID: PMC7300047 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An egg is a nutrient-dense food that contains protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals. It is proven that the consumption of eggs influences serum lipid concentration. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of normal and omega-3 eggs on serum lipids profiles. Lipids were extracted from egg yolks and analyzed for fatty acids content. The present research is a crossover study design in which 20 participants were recruited randomly, and all subjects received three treatments: no eggs, omega-3 eggs, and normal eggs. However, fasting blood was drawn at baseline and the end of each diet period and analyzed for serum lipids, blood glucose, and insulin level. Omega-3 egg treatment showed reduction in the serum total cholesterol by 16.57 mg/dl (p < .001), triglyceride by 17.48 mg/dl, and increase in HDL cholesterol concentration by 0.48 mg/dl (p < .001) as compared to no-egg. A significant (p < .05) reduction in blood pressure by 8.34/8.67 mm/Hg and insulin level was observed due to omega-3 egg consumption which indicates that omega-3 fatty acids improve insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, regular egg intake elevates serum total cholesterol and triglycerides concentration but decreases blood pressure. It was concluded that omega-3-enriched egg consumption had a positive effect on the serum lipid profile and blood pressure of patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to normal eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Shakoor
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadPakistanFaisalabad
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadPakistanFaisalabad
| | - Amna Sahar
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadPakistanFaisalabad
| | | | - Furukh Faiz
- Department of Agriculture and Food TechnologyKarakoram International UniversityGilgitPakistan
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Jin S, Sha L, Dong J, Yi J, Liu Y, Guo Z, Hu B. Effects of Nutritional Strategies on Glucose Homeostasis in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6062478. [PMID: 32185236 PMCID: PMC7060856 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6062478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, and nutritional therapy is the basis of GDM treatment. However, the effects of different forms of nutritional supplementation on improving gestational diabetes are uncertain. OBJECTIVE We conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of supplementation with different nutrients on glucose metabolism in women with GDM. METHODS We conducted a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the differences between different nutritional strategies in women with GDM. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were used to compare and rank the effects of nutritional strategies for the improvement of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS We included thirteen RCTs with a total of 754 participants. Compared with placebo, omega-3, magnesium, vitamin D, zinc, and probiotics were more beneficial for improving FPG, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR. Network analysis showed that vitamin D supplementation was superior to omega-3 (-3.64 mg/dL, 95% CI: -5.77 to -1.51), zinc (-5.71 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.19 to -1.23), probiotics (-6.76 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.02 to -3.50), and placebo (-12.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: -14.55 to -9.70) for improving FPG. Magnesium supplementation was more beneficial for decreasing serum insulin compared with probiotics (-5.10 μIU/mL, 95% CI: -9.32 to -0.88) and placebo (-7.80 μIU/mL, 95% CI: -9.32 to -0.88) and placebo (-7.80 . CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced FPG and regulated HOMA-IR. Magnesium supplementation was superior in decreasing serum insulin than supplementation with other nutrients. Nutrient supplementation seemed to have an effect on glucose homeostasis maintenance in patients with GDM and may be considered an adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiao Jin
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Liyan Sha
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of International Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Zhongxian Guo
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Lipid Profiles among Diabetic and Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18867. [PMID: 31827125 PMCID: PMC6906408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate omega-3 fatty acids’ influence on 12 inflammatory biomarkers—LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, TG, HbA1c, Apo AI, Apo AII, Apo B, CRP, TNF-α, glucose, and fasting blood glucose among diabetic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. We searched articles in six database engines, and 16 of the 696 articles reviewed met the inclusion criteria. Among these, lipid and inflammatory biomarkers investigated commonly included total cholesterol (11 studies), LDL, and TG (10 studies each). Overall, omega-3 was associated with a significant reduction in Apo AII among diabetic patients, as compared to different controls (−8.0 mg/dL 95% CI: −12.71, −3.29, p = 0.0009), triglycerides (−44.88 mg/dL 95% CI: −82.6, −7.16, p < 0.0001), HDL (−2.27 mg/dL 95% CI: −3.72, −0.83, p = 0.002), and increased fasting blood glucose (16.14 mg/dL 95% CI: 6.25, 26.04, p = 0.001). Omega-3 also was associated with increased LDL among CVD patients (2.10 mg/dL 95% CI: 1.00, 3.20, p = 0.0002). We conclude that omega-3 fatty acids may be associated with lower inflammatory biomarkers among diabetic and cardiovascular patients. Clinicians should be aware of these potential benefits; however, it is essential to recommend that patients consult with clinicians before any omega-3 intake.
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Manta-Vogli PD, Schulpis KH, Dotsikas Y, Loukas YL. The significant role of carnitine and fatty acids during pregnancy, lactation and perinatal period. Nutritional support in specific groups of pregnant women. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2337-2346. [PMID: 31732292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pregnancy is characterized by a complexity of metabolic processes that may impact fetal health and development. Women's nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is considered important for both mother and infant. This review aims to investigate the significant role of fatty acids and carnitine during pregnancy and lactation in specific groups of pregnant and lactating women. METHODS The literature was reviewed using relevant data bases (e.g. Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct) and relevant articles were selected to provide information and data for the text and associated Tables. RESULTS Dynamic features especially of plasma carnitine profile during pregnancy and lactation, indicate an extraordinarily active participation of carnitine in the intermediary metabolism both in pregnant woman and in neonate and may also have implications for health and disease later in life. Maternal diets rich in trans and saturated fatty acids can lead to impairments in the metabolism and development of the offspring, whereas the consumption of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy plays a beneficial physiologic and metabolic role in the health of offspring. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women who are underweight, overweight or obese, with gestational diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus and those who choose vegan/vegetarian diets or are coming from socially disadvantaged areas, should be nutritionally supported to achieve a higher quality diet during pregnancy and/or lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope D Manta-Vogli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Yannis Dotsikas
- Laboratory of Pharm. Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, GR-157 71, Athens, Greece.
| | - Yannis L Loukas
- Laboratory of Pharm. Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, GR-157 71, Athens, Greece.
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Plows JF, Reynolds CM, Vickers MH, Baker PN, Stanley JL. Nutritional Supplementation for the Prevention and/or Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:73. [PMID: 31368026 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication that has short- and long-term health implications for both the mother and child. While lifestyle modifications, insulin therapy, and oral agents such as metformin are effective, they can be difficult to adhere to, and there remain concerns over long-term effects of oral agents on the infant. Further, GDM has no proven preventive strategies, which could be more effective than treatment postdiagnosis. Nutritional supplements are an appealing, potentially safer, and better tolerated alternative to pharmaceuticals to treat and/or prevent GDM. Here, we review the existing evidence for nutritional supplementation for treatment and prevention of GDM. RECENT FINDINGS There is limited evidence that myo-inositol, vitamins D and B6, magnesium, selenium, zinc, fatty acids, and probiotics might be beneficial for the prevention or treatment of GDM. There are very few studies for each nutrient, and the existing studies tend to have few participants. Where multiple studies of a nutrient exist, often those studies were conducted within the same country, limiting the generalizability of the findings, or alternatively there was no consensus across findings. There is limited evidence that nutritional supplementation of myo-inositol, vitamins D and B6, magnesium, selenium, zinc, fatty acids, and probiotics could improve glycemic control or prevent GDM. Our understanding is constrained by the small number of studies, small sample sizes in most studies, and by lack of consistency across findings. Further large, high-quality, randomized controlled trials are required to determine the efficacy of nutritional supplements to treat or prevent GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine F Plows
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4641 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, 1021, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, 1021, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, 1021, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip N Baker
- University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L Stanley
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, 1021, Auckland, New Zealand
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Maternal Omega-3 Nutrition, Placental Transfer and Fetal Brain Development in Gestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051107. [PMID: 31109059 PMCID: PMC6567027 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA), are widely recognized to impact fetal and infant neurodevelopment. The impact of DHA on brain development, and its inefficient synthesis from the essential alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), has led to recommended DHA intakes of 250-375 mg eicosapentaenoic acid + DHA/day for pregnant and lactating women by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Despite these recommendations, the intake of omega-3s in women of child-bearing age in the US remains very low. The low maternal status of DHA prior to pregnancy could impair fetal neurodevelopment. This review focuses on maternal omega-3 status in conditions of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia, and the subsequent impact on placental transfer and cord blood concentration of omega-3s. Both GDM and preeclampsia are associated with altered maternal omega-3 status, altered placental omega-3 metabolism, reduced cord blood omega-3 levels and have an impact on neurodevelopment in the infant and on brain health later in life. These findings indicate lower DHA exposure of the developing baby may be driven by lower placental transfer in both conditions. Thus, determining approaches which facilitate increased delivery of DHA during pregnancy and early development might positively impact brain development in infants born to mothers with these diseases.
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Zhong N, Wang J. The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid for gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:4-9. [PMID: 30324838 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1480716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid to treat gestational diabetes remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of omega-3 fatty acid versus placebo on gestational diabetes. METHODS We search PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through March 2018 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of omega-3 fatty acid versus placebo on gestational diabetes. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model. RESULTS Five RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group for gestational diabetes, omega-3 fatty acid can significantly reduce fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mean difference (MD) = -4.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -8.16 to -1.66; p = .003), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, MD = -0.99; 95% CI = -1.61 to -0.37; p = .002), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, MD = -1.43; 95% CI = -2.54 to -0.31; p = .01), but has no remarkable influence on preterm delivery (RR = 1.61; 95% CI = 0.36-7.16; p = .53), gestational age (MD = 0.09; 95% CI = -0.01 to 0.20; p = .08), macrosomia (RR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.26-1.62; p = .3), newborn weight (MD = 3.37; 95% CI = -15.75 to 22.50; p = .73), and 5-min Apgar score (MD = 0; 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.02; p = .92). CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 fatty acids is associated with significantly reduced FPG, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP in patients with gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naer Zhong
- a Orthopaedics Dept.4 , No. 2 Hospital of Ningbo , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- a Orthopaedics Dept.4 , No. 2 Hospital of Ningbo , Zhejiang , China
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Huang J, Xue M, Zhang J, Yu H, Gu Y, Du M, Ye W, Wan B, Jin M, Zhang Y. Protective role of GPR120 in the maintenance of pregnancy by promoting decidualization via regulation of glucose metabolism. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:540-551. [PMID: 30578080 PMCID: PMC6355327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intake of ω-3 PUFAs have been demonstrated to have positive effects on pregnancy outcome, whose receptor, GPR120, regulates several cellular functions including differentiation, metabolism and immune reaction. However, whether GPR120 is involved in decidualization and pregnancy remains unknown. Methods Decidua tissue from women with normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion were collected to determine the expression profile of GPR120. Abortion mouse models and artificially induced deciduoma in mice were established to evaluate the effect of GPR120 on pregnancy outcome and in vivo decidualization. HESCs and primary DSCs were used to explore the roles of GPR120 in decidualization and mechanisms involved. Findings We found that GPR120 functioned to promote decidualization by upregulating glucose uptake and pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP) of human endometrial stromal cells. Firstly, the expression of GPR120 in decidua of spontaneous abortion was downregulated compared to normal decidua. Lack of GPR120 predisposed mice to LPS or RU486 induced abortion. Decidualization was augmented by GPR120 via improving GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake and G6PD- mediated PPP. FOXO1 was upregulated by GPR120 via activation of ERK1/2 and AMPK signaling and increased the expression of GLUT1. Furthermore, the expression of chemokines and cytokines in decidual stromal cells was enhanced by GPR120. Lastly, GPR120 agonist ameliorated LPS-induced abortion in the mice. Interpretation GPR120 plays significant roles in decidualization and the maintenance of pregnancy, which might be a potential target for diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous abortion. Fund Ministry of Science and Technology of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongshuang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Ye
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Bing Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Middleton P, Gomersall JC, Gould JF, Shepherd E, Olsen SF, Makrides M. Omega-3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 11:CD003402. [PMID: 30480773 PMCID: PMC6516961 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003402.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intakes of foods containing omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), such as fish, during pregnancy have been associated with longer gestations and improved perinatal outcomes. This is an update of a review that was first published in 2006. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of omega-3 LCPUFA, as supplements or as dietary additions, during pregnancy on maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes and longer-term outcomes for mother and child. SEARCH METHODS For this update, we searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (16 August 2018), and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing omega-3 fatty acids (as supplements or as foods, stand-alone interventions, or with a co-intervention) during pregnancy with placebo or no omega-3, and studies or study arms directly comparing omega-3 LCPUFA doses or types. Trials published in abstract form were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, assessed risk of bias in trials and assessed quality of evidence for prespecified birth/infant, maternal, child/adult and health service outcomes using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS In this update, we included 70 RCTs (involving 19,927 women at low, mixed or high risk of poor pregnancy outcomes) which compared omega-3 LCPUFA interventions (supplements and food) compared with placebo or no omega-3. Overall study-level risk of bias was mixed, with selection and performance bias mostly at low risk, but there was high risk of attrition bias in some trials. Most trials were conducted in upper-middle or high-income countries; and nearly half the trials included women at increased/high risk for factors which might increase the risk of adverse maternal and birth outcomes.Preterm birth < 37 weeks (13.4% versus 11.9%; risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 0.97; 26 RCTs, 10,304 participants; high-quality evidence) and early preterm birth < 34 weeks (4.6% versus 2.7%; RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.77; 9 RCTs, 5204 participants; high-quality evidence) were both lower in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. Prolonged gestation > 42 weeks was probably increased from 1.6% to 2.6% in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3 (RR 1.61 95% CI 1.11 to 2.33; 5141 participants; 6 RCTs; moderate-quality evidence).For infants, there was a possibly reduced risk of perinatal death (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.03; 10 RCTs, 7416 participants; moderate-quality evidence: 62/3715 versus 83/3701 infants) and possibly fewer neonatal care admissions (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.03; 9 RCTs, 6920 participants; moderate-quality evidence - 483/3475 infants versus 519/3445 infants). There was a reduced risk of low birthweight (LBW) babies (15.6% versus 14%; RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.99; 15 trials, 8449 participants; high-quality evidence); but a possible small increase in large-for-gestational age (LGA) babies (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.36; 6 RCTs, 3722 participants; moderate-quality evidence, for omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. Little or no difference in small-for-gestational age or intrauterine growth restriction (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.13; 8 RCTs, 6907 participants; moderate-quality evidence) was seen.For the maternal outcomes, there is insufficient evidence to determine the effects of omega-3 on induction post-term (average RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.22 to 2.98; 3 trials, 2900 participants; low-quality evidence), maternal serious adverse events (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.40 to 2.72; 2 trials, 2690 participants; low-quality evidence), maternal admission to intensive care (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.12 to 2.63; 2 trials, 2458 participants; low-quality evidence), or postnatal depression (average RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.77; 2 trials, 2431 participants; low-quality evidence). Mean gestational length was greater in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA (mean difference (MD) 1.67 days, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.39; 41 trials, 12,517 participants; moderate-quality evidence), and pre-eclampsia may possibly be reduced with omega-3 LCPUFA (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.01; 20 trials, 8306 participants; low-quality evidence).For the child/adult outcomes, very few differences between antenatal omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation and no omega-3 were observed in cognition, IQ, vision, other neurodevelopment and growth outcomes, language and behaviour (mostly low-quality to very low-quality evidence). The effect of omega-3 LCPUFA on body mass index at 19 years (MD 0, 95% CI -0.83 to 0.83; 1 trial, 243 participants; very low-quality evidence) was uncertain. No data were reported for development of diabetes in the children of study participants. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In the overall analysis, preterm birth < 37 weeks and early preterm birth < 34 weeks were reduced in women receiving omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. There was a possibly reduced risk of perinatal death and of neonatal care admission, a reduced risk of LBW babies; and possibly a small increased risk of LGA babies with omega-3 LCPUFA.For our GRADE quality assessments, we assessed most of the important perinatal outcomes as high-quality (e.g. preterm birth) or moderate-quality evidence (e.g. perinatal death). For the other outcome domains (maternal, child/adult and health service outcomes) GRADE ratings ranged from moderate to very low, with over half rated as low. Reasons for downgrading across the domain were mostly due to design limitations and imprecision.Omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy is an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of preterm birth, although it probably increases the incidence of post-term pregnancies. More studies comparing omega-3 LCPUFA and placebo (to establish causality in relation to preterm birth) are not needed at this stage. A further 23 ongoing trials are still to report on over 5000 women, so no more RCTs are needed that compare omega-3 LCPUFA against placebo or no intervention. However, further follow-up of completed trials is needed to assess longer-term outcomes for mother and child, to improve understanding of metabolic, growth and neurodevelopment pathways in particular, and to establish if, and how, outcomes vary by different types of omega-3 LCPUFA, timing and doses; or by characteristics of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Middleton
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Judith C Gomersall
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Jacqueline F Gould
- The University of AdelaideSchool of PsychologyNorth Terrace, AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5001
| | - Emily Shepherd
- The University of AdelaideARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Sjurdur F Olsen
- Statens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Department of EpidemiologyCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Maria Makrides
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
- The University of AdelaideSchool of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthAdelaideAustraliaAustralia
- Women's and Children's Health Research InstituteNorth AdelaideAustralia
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Gao L, Lin L, Shan N, Ren CY, Long X, Sun YH, Wang L. The impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in patients with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:1767-1773. [PMID: 30231792 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1526916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation shows some treatment efficacy for gestational diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis is conducted to investigate the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for glycemic control in patients with gestational diabetes.Methods: The databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases are systematically searched for collecting the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid versus placebo for gestational diabetes.Results: This meta-analysis has included seven RCTs. Compared with placebo group in patients with gestational diabetes, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation results in remarkably reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (standard mean difference (std. MD) = -0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.87 to -0.24; p = .0005), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (std. MD = -0.52; 95% CI = -0.83 to -0.21; p = .001), but has no statistical impact on macrosomia (risk ratio (RR) = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.22-1.02; p = .06), newborns' hyperbilirubinemia (RR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.19-1.10; p = .08), nitric oxide (NO) (std. MD = 0.17; 95% CI = -0.64-0.98; p = .68), preterm delivery (RR = 1.75; 95% CI = 0.08-3.80; p=.16) and preeclampsia (RR =0.74; 95% CI = 0.26-2.16; p = .59). However, notably decreased high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is revealed after omega-3 fatty acids supplementation (std. MD = -1.14; 95% CI = -2.0 to -0.29; p = .009).Conclusions: Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation can provide substantially beneficial effects on glycemic control and inflammatory response for gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyuan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Han Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
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Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Najafgholizadeh A, Kafeshani M, Sahebkar A. Effect of purslane on blood lipids and glucose: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2018; 33:3-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadi
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Makan Pourmasoumi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC) Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
| | | | - Marziyeh Kafeshani
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Garmendia ML, Corvalán C, Casanello P, Araya M, Flores M, Bravo A, Kusanovic JP, Olmos P, Uauy R. Effectiveness on maternal and offspring metabolic control of a home-based dietary counseling intervention and DHA supplementation in obese/overweight pregnant women (MIGHT study): A randomized controlled trial-Study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 70:35-40. [PMID: 29777864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle interventions are the primary prevention strategy for gestational diabetes (GDM) in obese/overweight women; however, these interventions have shown limited effectiveness. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake has shown beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, lipid fractions and inflammatory factors in women who already have GDM. Combining PUFAs supplementation with a lifestyle intervention could achieve lower increase of glucose levels by improving insulin sensitivity. Our aim is to assess two prenatal nutritional interventions (home-based dietary counseling and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation) delivered to obese/overweight women during pregnancy for them and their offspring to achieve better metabolic control. METHODS/DESIGN Randomized controlled trial, 2 × 2 factorial design. Eligible pregnant women will be randomly allocated to one of the four parallel arms: 1) Home-based dietary counseling +800 mg/day DHA supplementation (n = 250); 2) 800 mg/day DHA (n = 250); 3) Home-based dietary counseling +200 mg/day DHA (n = 250); 4) 200 mg/day DHA (n = 250). Primary outcomes are: GDM; macrosomia; and neonatal insulin resistance. Data analyses will be done on an intention-to-treat basis. DISCUSSION We expect the present study to contribute to the understanding of the potential effectiveness of an omega-3 supplementation on the risk of developing GDM in overweight/obese pregnant women. We will also test if the combination of having better dietary habits alongside with omega 3 supplementation will improve insulin sensitivity and as consequence, a lower elevation of glucose levels could be achieved. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02574767.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Garmendia
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Araya
- Department of Women and Newborn Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Olmos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Vahedi L, Ostadrahimi A, Edalati-Fard F, Aslani H, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Is fish oil supplementation effective on maternal serum FBS, oral glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin and hematocrit in low risk pregnant women? A triple-blind randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 15:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2018-0010/jcim-2018-0010.xml. [PMID: 29489457 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fish oil contains polyunsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which were considered as essential fatty acids. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effects of fish oil supplementation on maternal serum fasting blood sugar (FBS), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct).
Methods
In this randomized triple-blind clinical trial, 150 pregnant women were allocated into two groups randomly. In the intervention group, women received one fish oil capsule daily (1,000 mg consisted of 120 mg DHA and 180 mg EPA), and control group received placebo from the end of twentieth week of pregnancy until delivery (140 capsules). FBS, 2-hour 75 g OGTT, Hb, and Hct were measured at 6–10 and 26–30 weeks of pregnancy. Analysis was based on intervention to treat.
Results
At the weeks 26–30, mean FBS in the intervention and control groups were 76.92 (9.8) and 75.64 (8.2) mg/dl, respectively [adjusted mean difference (aMD) (95% CI):1.46 (−2.13 to 5.05)]. Also, there was no significant difference between two groups in 2-hour OGTT [aMD (95% CI): −4.69 (−13.75 to 4.52)]. Mean (SD) Hb was 11.8 (1.1) versus 11.8 (0.7) g/dl in the intervention and control groups, respectively [aMD (95% CI): 0.001 (−0.328 to 0.330)], mean (SD) Hct were 36.12% (2.8%) and 35.84% (2.3%), respectively [aMD (95% CI): 0.25 (−0.65 to 1.14)].
Conclusions
Based on the findings of present study, fish oil supplementation has no significant effect on Hb, Hct, FBS and 2-hour OGTT of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Vahedi
- Research Center for Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Edalati-Fard
- Alzahra educational and treatment center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Aslani
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Aging Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Dilli D, Doğan NN, İpek MŞ, Çavuş Y, Ceylaner S, Doğan H, Dursun A, Küçüközkan T, Zenciroğlu A. MaFOS-GDM trial: Maternal fish oil supplementation in women with gestational diabetes and cord blood DNA methylation at insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 23:73-78. [PMID: 29460817 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effects of maternal fish oil supplementation in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on birthweight and DNA methylation at insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene in their offspring. METHODS Randomized controlled trial. A total of 120 women with GDM were randomized to one of the two groups between 24 and 28 weeks of the pregnancy: Group 1 (n = 52) received fish oil liquid softgel (Ocean plus®) and Group 2 (Placebo) (n = 68) sunflower oil liquid softgel. The birthweight and DNA methylation at IGF-1 gene of the offsprings were assessed. RESULTS We observed a significant inverse association between fish oil use during pregnancy and birthweight (β = -0.18, s.e.:125, P = .04), corresponding to a 250 g lower birthweight among infants born to fish oil users. This association didn't persist in multivariate analysis. Cord blood IGF-1 was lower in fish oil group (P = .001). Cord blood DNA methylation percentages at CpG-1044 and CpG-611 sites of IGF-1 gene promoter 1 (P1) region were higher in fish oil group compared to placebo group (P = .02 and P = .001, respectively). However, CpG-1044 and CpG-611 methylations were not associated to birthweight (β = 0.04, s.e: 25.1, P = .66 and β = 0.04, s.e: 22.7, P = 0.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Maternal fish oil use has small effects on birthweight and DNA methylation when given to mothers with GDM at late pregnancy. Future studies are needed to show associations between maternal fish oil use and neonatal DNA methylations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION "Fish Oil Supplementation in Women with Gestational Diabetes". IDENTIFIER NCT02371343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Dilli
- Department of Neonatology, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nazan Neslihan Doğan
- Department of Neonatology, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şah İpek
- Department of Neonatology, Memorial Dicle Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Yunus Çavuş
- Department of Neonatology, Memorial Dicle Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | | | | | - Arzu Dursun
- Department of Neonatology, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Küçüközkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Zenciroğlu
- Department of Neonatology, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Jamilian M, Samimi M, Mirhosseini N, Afshar Ebrahimi F, Aghadavod E, Taghizadeh M, Asemi Z. A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial Investigating the Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Gene Expression Related to Insulin Action, Blood Lipids, and Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-Fish Oil Supplementation and Gestational Diabetes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020163. [PMID: 29385062 PMCID: PMC5852739 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy, and it is mostly associated with postpartum diabetes, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Fish oil (omega-3) supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of different chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancers, though the evidence of its impact on gestational diabetes is scarce. Our goal in this study was to determine the effect of fish oil administration on gene expression related to insulin action, blood lipids, and inflammation in women with GDM. Participants with GDM (n = 40), aged 18–40 years, were randomized to take either 1000 mg fish oil capsules, containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid (n = 20), or placebo (n = 20) twice a day for 6 weeks. Gene expression related to insulin, lipids, and inflammation was quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of GDM women using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results of RT-PCR indicated that omega-3 supplementation upregulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P = 0.04) in PBMCs of patients with GDM, compared with the placebo. In addition, gene expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (P < 0.001), interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P = 0.007), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.01) was downregulated in PBMCs of women with GDM, following omega-3 supplementation. No significant effect of omega-3 supplementation was indicated on gene expression of IL-8 in PBMCs of patients with GDM. Overall, fish oil supplementation for 6 weeks in women with GDM significantly improved gene expression of PPAR-γ, IL-1, and TNF-α, but not gene expression of IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Jamilian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 6618634683, Iran.
| | - Mansooreh Samimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran.
| | | | - Faraneh Afshar Ebrahimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran.
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715988141, Iran.
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Nair S, Gagnon J, Pelletier C, Tchoukanova N, Zhang J, Ewart HS, Ewart KV, Jiao G, Wang Y. Shrimp oil extracted from the shrimp processing waste reduces the development of insulin resistance and metabolic phenotypes in diet-induced obese rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:841-849. [PMID: 28363036 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress represent the main features of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was conducted to examine the efficacy and mechanisms of shrimp oil on glucose homeostasis in obese rats. Male CD rats fed a high-fat diet (52 kcal% fat) and 20% fructose drinking water were divided into 4 groups and treated with the dietary replacement of 0%, 10%, 15%, or 20% of lard with shrimp oil for 10 weeks. Age-matched rats fed a low-fat diet (10 kcal% fat) were used as the normal control. Rats on the high-fat diet showed impaired (p < 0.05) glucose tolerance and insulin resistance compared with rats fed the low-fat diet. Shrimp oil improved (p < 0.05) oral glucose tolerance, insulin response, and homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance index; decreased serum insulin, leptin, hemoglobin A1c, and free fatty acids; and increased adiponectin. Shrimp oil also increased (p < 0.05) antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. The results demonstrated that shrimp oil dose-dependently improved glycemic control in obese rats through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Nair
- a Coastal Zones Research Institute Inc. (CZRI), Shippagan, NB E8S 1J2, Canada.,b Natural Health Products Program, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Jacques Gagnon
- a Coastal Zones Research Institute Inc. (CZRI), Shippagan, NB E8S 1J2, Canada
| | - Claude Pelletier
- a Coastal Zones Research Institute Inc. (CZRI), Shippagan, NB E8S 1J2, Canada
| | - Nadia Tchoukanova
- a Coastal Zones Research Institute Inc. (CZRI), Shippagan, NB E8S 1J2, Canada
| | - Junzeng Zhang
- c Natural Health Products Program, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Y8, Canada
| | - H Stephen Ewart
- d Novaceutics Consulting, 6501 Oak St, Halifax, NS B3L 1H5, Canada
| | - K Vanya Ewart
- e Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Guangling Jiao
- a Coastal Zones Research Institute Inc. (CZRI), Shippagan, NB E8S 1J2, Canada.,c Natural Health Products Program, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Y8, Canada
| | - Yanwen Wang
- b Natural Health Products Program, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
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Han S, Middleton P, Shepherd E, Van Ryswyk E, Crowther CA. Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 2:CD009275. [PMID: 28236296 PMCID: PMC6464700 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009275.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary advice is the main strategy for managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It remains unclear what type of advice is best. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of different types of dietary advice for women with GDM for improving health outcomes for women and babies. SEARCH METHODS We searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register (8 March 2016), PSANZ's Trials Registry (22 March 2016) and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing the effects of different types of dietary advice for women with GDM. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed study eligibility, risk of bias, and extracted data. Evidence quality for two comparisons was assessed using GRADE, for primary outcomes for the mother: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; caesarean section; type 2 diabetes mellitus; and child: large-for-gestational age; perinatal mortality; neonatal mortality or morbidity composite; neurosensory disability; secondary outcomes for the mother: induction of labour; perineal trauma; postnatal depression; postnatal weight retention or return to pre-pregnancy weight; and child: hypoglycaemia; childhood/adulthood adiposity; childhood/adulthood type 2 diabetes mellitus. MAIN RESULTS In this update, we included 19 trials randomising 1398 women with GDM, at an overall unclear to moderate risk of bias (10 comparisons). For outcomes assessed using GRADE, downgrading was based on study limitations, imprecision and inconsistency. Where no findings are reported below for primary outcomes or pre-specified GRADE outcomes, no data were provided by included trials. Primary outcomes Low-moderate glycaemic index (GI) versus moderate-high GI diet (four trials): no clear differences observed for: large-for-gestational age (risk ratio (RR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22 to 2.34; two trials, 89 infants; low-quality evidence); severe hypertension or pre-eclampsia (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.07 to 15.86; one trial, 95 women; very low-quality evidence); eclampsia (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.14; one trial, 83 women; very low-quality evidence) or caesarean section (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.47; one trial, 63 women; low-quality evidence). Energy-restricted versus no energy-restricted diet (three trials): no clear differences seen for: large-for-gestational age (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.12; one trial, 123 infants; low-quality evidence); perinatal mortality (no events; two trials, 423 infants; low-quality evidence); pre-eclampsia (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.97; one trial, 117 women; low-quality evidence); or caesarean section (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.56; two trials, 420 women; low-quality evidence). DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet versus control diet (three trials): no clear differences observed for: pre-eclampsia (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.31 to 3.26; three trials, 136 women); however there were fewer caesarean sections in the DASH diet group (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.76; two trials, 86 women). Low-carbohydrate versus high-carbohydrate diet (two trials): no clear differences seen for: large-for-gestational age (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.95; one trial, 149 infants); perinatal mortality (RR 3.00, 95% CI 0.12 to 72.49; one trial, 150 infants); maternal hypertension (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.22; one trial, 150 women); or caesarean section (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.99; two trials, 179 women). High unsaturated fat versus low unsaturated fat diet (two trials): no clear differences observed for: large-for-gestational age (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.37; one trial, 27 infants); pre-eclampsia (no cases; one trial, 27 women); hypertension in pregnancy (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.06 to 5.26; one trial, 27 women); caesarean section (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.07 to 15.50; one trial, 27 women); diabetes at one to two weeks (RR 2.00, 95% CI 0.45 to 8.94; one trial, 24 women) or four to 13 months postpartum (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.10 to 9.61; one trial, six women). Low-GI versus high-fibre moderate-GI diet (one trial): no clear differences seen for: large-for-gestational age (RR 2.87, 95% CI 0.61 to 13.50; 92 infants); caesarean section (RR 1.91, 95% CI 0.91 to 4.03; 92 women); or type 2 diabetes at three months postpartum (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.11 to 5.01; 58 women). Diet recommendation plus diet-related behavioural advice versus diet recommendation only (one trial): no clear differences observed for: large-for-gestational age (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.25 to 2.14; 99 infants); or caesarean section (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.62; 99 women). Soy protein-enriched versus no soy protein diet (one trial): no clear differences seen for: pre-eclampsia (RR 2.00, 95% CI 0.19 to 21.03; 68 women); or caesarean section (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.77; 68 women). High-fibre versus standard-fibre diet (one trial): no primary outcomes reported. Ethnic-specific versus standard healthy diet (one trial): no clear differences observed for: large-for-gestational age (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.45; 20 infants); neonatal composite adverse outcome (no events; 20 infants); gestational hypertension (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.02 to 7.32; 20 women); or caesarean birth (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.67; 20 women). Secondary outcomes For secondary outcomes assessed using GRADE no differences were observed: between a low-moderate and moderate-high GI diet for induction of labour (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.34; one trial, 63 women; low-quality evidence); or an energy-restricted and no energy-restricted diet for induction of labour (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.53; one trial, 114 women, low-quality evidence) and neonatal hypoglycaemia (average RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.48 to 2.32; two trials, 408 infants; very low-quality evidence).Few other clear differences were observed for reported outcomes. Longer-term health outcomes and health services use and costs were largely not reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence from 19 trials assessing different types of dietary advice for women with GDM suggests no clear differences for primary outcomes and secondary outcomes assessed using GRADE, except for a possible reduction in caesarean section for women receiving a DASH diet compared with a control diet. Few differences were observed for secondary outcomes.Current evidence is limited by the small number of trials in each comparison, small sample sizes, and variable methodological quality. More evidence is needed to assess the effects of different types of dietary advice for women with GDM. Future trials should be adequately powered to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Han
- The University of AdelaideARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Philippa Middleton
- The University of AdelaideARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Emily Shepherd
- The University of AdelaideARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Emer Van Ryswyk
- The University of AdelaideARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Caroline A Crowther
- The University of AucklandLiggins InstitutePrivate Bag 9201985 Park RoadAucklandNew Zealand
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Mokkala K, Röytiö H, Ekblad U, Laitinen K. Opportunities for probiotics and polyunsaturated fatty acids to improve metabolic health of overweight pregnant women. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:3-15. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Overweight during pregnancy predisposes both the mother and foetus to health complications. Maternal complications include gestational diabetes, obstetric problems and type 2 diabetes later in life. Complications for the offspring are not only restricted to the foetal period or birth, such as prematurity and foetal macrosomia, but may also have long-term metabolic health implications through the mechanism of early nutrition programming. One of the key metabolic components characterising overweight in the non-pregnant state is low-grade inflammation manifested by elevated levels of circulatory pro-inflammatory cytokines. In pregnancy, in addition to adipose tissue and placenta, inflammatory response may originate from the gut. The extent to which overweight induces metabolic maladaptation during pregnancy and further compromises maternal and child health is currently poorly understood. In this review, we evaluate recent scientific literature and describe the suggested links between overweight, gut and low-grade inflammation associated metabolic disorders. We focus on overweight pregnant women and gestational diabetes, and discuss how specific dietary factors, probiotics and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil), might confer health benefits in combatting against metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Mokkala
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - H. Röytiö
- Institute of Biomedicine and Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - U. Ekblad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Turku, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
- Turku University Central Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - K. Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine and Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
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Jamilian M, Samimi M, Ebrahimi FA, Hashemi T, Taghizadeh M, Razavi M, Sanami M, Asemi Z. The effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid co-supplementation on glycemic control and lipid concentrations in patients with gestational diabetes. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:459-468. [PMID: 28502503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations in gestational diabetes (GDM) patients. METHODS This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was done among 140 GDM patients. Participants were randomly divided into 4 groups to receive: (1) 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids containing 360 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 240 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) twice a day + vitamin D placebo (n = 35); (2) 50,000 IU vitamin D every 2 weeks + omega-3 fatty acids placebo (n = 35); (3) 50,000 IU vitamin D every 2 weeks + 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids twice a day (n = 35), and (4) vitamin D placebo + omega-3 fatty acids placebo (n = 35) for 6 weeks. RESULTS After 6 weeks of intervention, patients who received combined vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids supplements compared with vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and placebo had significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (-7.3 ± 7.8, -6.9 ± 6.6, -4.0 ± 2.5, and +1.0 ± 11.4 mg/dL, respectively, P < .001), serum insulin levels (-1.9 ± 1.9, -1.3 ± 6.3, -0.4 ± 6.3, and +2.6 ± 6.5 μIU/mL, respectively, P = .005), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (-0.7 ± 0.6, -0.5 ± 1.4, -0.2 ± 1.5, and +0.6 ± 1.5, respectively, P < .001) and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.01, +0.008 ± 0.02, +0.002 ± 0.02, and -0.005 ± 0.02, respectively, P = .001). In addition, changes in serum triglycerides (-8.2 ± 41.0, +7.6 ± 31.5, +3.6 ± 29.9, and +20.1 ± 29.6 mg/dL, respectively, P = .006) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-1.6 ± 8.2, +1.5 ± 6.3, +0.8 ± 6.0, and +4.0 ± 5.9 mg/dL, respectively, P = .006) in the vitamin D plus omega-3 fatty acids group were significantly different from the changes in these indicators in the vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and placebo groups. CONCLUSION Overall, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation for 6 weeks among GDM patients had beneficial effects on fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin levels, homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, serum triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Jamilian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Samimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Faraneh Afshar Ebrahimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Teibeh Hashemi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Maryamalsadat Razavi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Sanami
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.
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Metabolic response to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with diabetic nephropathy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Seed Consumption And Aerobic Training Improves Biomarkers Associated with Atherosclerosis in Women with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Sci Rep 2016; 6:37819. [PMID: 27917862 PMCID: PMC5137030 DOI: 10.1038/srep37819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of atherosclerosis plaque biomarkers to purslane seed consumption and aerobic training in women with T2D. 196 women with T2D were assigned into; (1) placebo (PL), (2) aerobic training+placebo (AT + PL), 3) purslane seeds (PS), aerobic training+purslane seeds (AT + PS). The training program and purslane seeds consumption (2.5 g lunch and 5 g dinner) were carried out for 16 weeks. The components of purslane seed were identified and quantified by GC–MS. Blood samples were withdrawn via venipuncture to examine blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), creatinine, urea, uric acid, NF-κB, GLP1, GLP1R, TIMP-1, MMP2, MMP9, CRP, CST3, and CTSS expressions. Blood glucose, LDL, cholesterol, TG, creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels in the (P), (AT), and (AT + PS) groups were significantly decreased compared to the pre-experimental levels or the placebo group, while HDL, significantly increased. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA levels of NF-κB, TIMP-1, MMP2 &9, CRP, CST3, and CTSS in the (P), (AT), (AT + PS) significantly decreased compared to pre-experimental or the placebo group, while level of GLP1 and GLP1-R increased drastically. Findings suggest that purslane seed consumption alongside exercising could improve atherosclerosis plaque biomarkers through synergistically mechanisms in T2D.
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