1
|
Kremer LS, Rehling P. Coordinating mitochondrial translation with assembly of the OXPHOS complexes. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:R47-R52. [PMID: 38779773 PMCID: PMC11112383 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system produces the majority of energy required by cells. Given the mitochondrion's endosymbiotic origin, the OXPHOS machinery is still under dual genetic control where most OXPHOS subunits are encoded by the nuclear DNA and imported into mitochondria, while a small subset is encoded on the mitochondrion's own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The nuclear and mtDNA encoded subunits must be expressed and assembled in a highly orchestrated fashion to form a functional OXPHOS system and meanwhile prevent the generation of any harmful assembly intermediates. While several mechanisms have evolved in eukaryotes to achieve such a coordinated expression, this review will focus on how the translation of mtDNA encoded OXPHOS subunits is tailored to OXPHOS assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Kremer
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, Göttingen 37073, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jung SJ, Sridhara S, Ott M. Early steps in the biogenesis of mitochondrially encoded oxidative phosphorylation subunits. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:125-139. [PMID: 37712772 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The complexes mediating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the inner mitochondrial membrane consist of proteins encoded in the nuclear or the mitochondrial DNA. The mitochondrially encoded membrane proteins (mito-MPs) represent the catalytic core of these complexes and follow complicated pathways for biogenesis. Owing to their overall hydrophobicity, mito-MPs are co-translationally inserted into the inner membrane by the Oxa1 insertase. After insertion, OXPHOS biogenesis factors mediate the assembly of mito-MPs into complexes and participate in the regulation of mitochondrial translation, while protein quality control factors recognize and degrade faulty or excess proteins. This review summarizes the current understanding of these early steps occurring during the assembly of mito-MPs by concentrating on results obtained in the model organism baker's yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jun Jung
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sagar Sridhara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Ott
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Lu W, Yan D, Guo J, Zhou L, Shi B, Su X. Mitochondrial respiratory complex I deficiency inhibits brown adipogenesis by limiting heme regulation of histone demethylation. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:22-32. [PMID: 37451354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions play a crucial role in determining the metabolic and thermogenic status of brown adipocytes. Increasing evidence reveals that the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system plays an important role in brown adipogenesis, but the mechanistic insights are limited. Herein, we explored the potential metabolic mechanisms leading to OXPHOS regulation of brown adipogenesis in pharmacological and genetic models of mitochondrial respiratory complex I deficiency. OXPHOS deficiency inhibits brown adipogenesis through disruption of the brown adipogenic transcription circuit without affecting ATP levels. Neither blockage of calcium signaling nor antioxidant treatment can rescue the suppressed brown adipogenesis. Metabolomics analysis revealed a decrease in levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and heme. Heme supplementation specifically enhances respiratory complex I activity without affecting complex II and partially reverses the inhibited brown adipogenesis by OXPHOS deficiency. Moreover, the regulation of brown adipogenesis by the OXPHOS-heme axis may be due to the suppressed histone methylation status by increasing histone demethylation. In summary, our findings identified a heme-sensing retrograde signaling pathway that connects mitochondrial OXPHOS to the regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation and metabolic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Dongyue Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junyuan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lindahl PA, Vali SW. Mössbauer-based molecular-level decomposition of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ironome, and preliminary characterization of isolated nuclei. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac080. [PMID: 36214417 PMCID: PMC9624242 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One hundred proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known to contain iron. These proteins are found mainly in mitochondria, cytosol, nuclei, endoplasmic reticula, and vacuoles. Cells also contain non-proteinaceous low-molecular-mass labile iron pools (LFePs). How each molecular iron species interacts on the cellular or systems' level is underdeveloped as doing so would require considering the entire iron content of the cell-the ironome. In this paper, Mössbauer (MB) spectroscopy was used to probe the ironome of yeast. MB spectra of whole cells and isolated organelles were predicted by summing the spectral contribution of each iron-containing species in the cell. Simulations required input from published proteomics and microscopy data, as well as from previous spectroscopic and redox characterization of individual iron-containing proteins. Composite simulations were compared to experimentally determined spectra. Simulated MB spectra of non-proteinaceous iron pools in the cell were assumed to account for major differences between simulated and experimental spectra of whole cells and isolated mitochondria and vacuoles. Nuclei were predicted to contain ∼30 μM iron, mostly in the form of [Fe4S4] clusters. This was experimentally confirmed by isolating nuclei from 57Fe-enriched cells and obtaining the first MB spectra of the organelle. This study provides the first semi-quantitative estimate of all concentrations of iron-containing proteins and non-proteinaceous species in yeast, as well as a novel approach to spectroscopically characterizing LFePs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Lindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station TX,USA
| | - Shaik Waseem Vali
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moorthy BT, Jiang C, Patel DM, Ban Y, O'Shea CR, Kumar A, Yuan T, Birnbaum MD, Gomes AV, Chen X, Fontanesi F, Lampidis TJ, Barrientos A, Zhang F. The evolutionarily conserved arginyltransferase 1 mediates a pVHL-independent oxygen-sensing pathway in mammalian cells. Dev Cell 2022; 57:654-669.e9. [PMID: 35247316 PMCID: PMC8957288 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The response to oxygen availability is a fundamental process concerning metabolism and survival/death in all mitochondria-containing eukaryotes. However, the known oxygen-sensing mechanism in mammalian cells depends on pVHL, which is only found among metazoans but not in other species. Here, we present an alternative oxygen-sensing pathway regulated by ATE1, an enzyme ubiquitously conserved in eukaryotes that influences protein degradation by posttranslational arginylation. We report that ATE1 centrally controls the hypoxic response and glycolysis in mammalian cells by preferentially arginylating HIF1α that is hydroxylated by PHD in the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, the degradation of arginylated HIF1α is independent of pVHL E3 ubiquitin ligase but dependent on the UBR family proteins. Bioinformatic analysis of human tumor data reveals that the ATE1/UBR and pVHL pathways jointly regulate oxygen sensing in a transcription-independent manner with different tissue specificities. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that eukaryotic ATE1 likely evolved during mitochondrial domestication, much earlier than pVHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji T Moorthy
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chunhua Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Devang M Patel
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Corin R O'Shea
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Tan Yuan
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael D Birnbaum
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Theodore J Lampidis
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Fangliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mitochondrial COA7 is a heme-binding protein with disulfide reductase activity, which acts in the early stages of complex IV assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2110357119. [PMID: 35210360 PMCID: PMC8892353 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110357119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly factors play key roles in the biogenesis of mitochondrial protein complexes, regulating their stabilities, activities, and incorporation of essential cofactors. Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 (COA7) is a metazoan-specific assembly factor, the absence or mutation of which in humans accompanies complex IV assembly defects and neurological conditions. Here, we report the crystal structure of COA7 to 2.4 Å resolution, revealing a banana-shaped molecule composed of five helix-turn-helix (α/α) repeats. COA7 binds heme with micromolar affinity, even though the protein structure does not resemble previously characterized heme-binding proteins. The heme-bound COA7 can redox cycle between oxidation states Fe(II) and Fe(III) and shows disulfide reductase activity toward copper binding assembly factors. We propose that COA7 functions to facilitate the biogenesis of the binuclear copper site (CuA) of complex IV. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly factor 7 (COA7) is a metazoan-specific assembly factor, critical for the biogenesis of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). Although mutations in COA7 have been linked to complex IV assembly defects and neurological conditions such as peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and leukoencephalopathy, the precise role COA7 plays in the biogenesis of complex IV is not known. Here, we show that loss of COA7 blocks complex IV assembly after the initial step where the COX1 module is built, progression from which requires the incorporation of copper and addition of the COX2 and COX3 modules. The crystal structure of COA7, determined to 2.4 Å resolution, reveals a banana-shaped molecule composed of five helix-turn-helix (α/α) repeats, tethered by disulfide bonds. COA7 interacts transiently with the copper metallochaperones SCO1 and SCO2 and catalyzes the reduction of disulfide bonds within these proteins, which are crucial for copper relay to COX2. COA7 binds heme with micromolar affinity, through axial ligation to the central iron atom by histidine and methionine residues. We therefore propose that COA7 is a heme-binding disulfide reductase for regenerating the copper relay system that underpins complex IV assembly.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) machinery supports heme biosynthesis by enabling optimal performance of ferrochelatase. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102125. [PMID: 34517185 PMCID: PMC8441213 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is an essential cofactor required for a plethora of cellular processes in eukaryotes. In metazoans the heme biosynthetic pathway is typically partitioned between the cytosol and mitochondria, with the first and final steps taking place in the mitochondrion. The pathway has been extensively studied and its biosynthetic enzymes structurally characterized to varying extents. Nevertheless, understanding of the regulation of heme synthesis and factors that influence this process in metazoans remains incomplete. Therefore, we investigated the molecular organization as well as the physical and genetic interactions of the terminal pathway enzyme, ferrochelatase (Hem15), in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemical and genetic analyses revealed dynamic association of Hem15 with Mic60, a core component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS). Loss of MICOS negatively impacts Hem15 activity, affects the size of the Hem15 high-mass complex, and results in accumulation of reactive and potentially toxic tetrapyrrole precursors that may cause oxidative damage. Restoring intermembrane connectivity in MICOS-deficient cells mitigates these cytotoxic effects. These data provide new insights into how heme biosynthetic machinery is organized and regulated, linking mitochondrial architecture-organizing factors to heme homeostasis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Baleva MV, Piunova UE, Chicherin IV, Krasavina DG, Levitskii SA, Kamenski PA. Yeast Translational Activator Mss51p and Human ZMYND17 - Two Proteins with a Common Origin, but Different Functions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1151-1161. [PMID: 34565318 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921090108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite its similarity to protein biosynthesis in bacteria, translation in the mitochondria of modern eukaryotes has several unique features, such as the necessity for coordination of translation of mitochondrial mRNAs encoding proteins of the electron transport chain complexes with translation of other protein components of these complexes in the cytosol. In the mitochondria of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this coordination is carried out by a system of translational activators that predominantly interact with the 5'-untranslated regions of mitochondrial mRNAs. No such system has been found in human mitochondria, except a single identified translational activator, TACO1. Here, we studied the role of the ZMYND17 gene, an ortholog of the yeast gene for the translational activator Mss51p, on the mitochondrial translation in human cells. Deletion of the ZMYND17 gene did not affect translation in the mitochondria, but led to the decrease in the cytochrome c oxidase activity and increase in the amount of free F1 subunit of ATP synthase. We also investigated the evolutionary history of Mss51p and ZMYND17 and suggested a possible mechanism for the divergence of functions of these orthologous proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Baleva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Uliyana E Piunova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ivan V Chicherin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Darya G Krasavina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Sergey A Levitskii
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Piotr A Kamenski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rovira Gonzalez YI, Moyer AL, LeTexier NJ, Bratti AD, Feng S, Peña V, Sun C, Pulcastro H, Liu T, Iyer SR, Lovering RM, O'Rourke B, Wagner KR. Mss51 deletion increases endurance and ameliorates histopathology in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21276. [PMID: 33423297 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002106rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial derangement is an important contributor to the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophies and may be among the earliest cellular deficits. We have previously shown that disruption of Mss51, a mammalian skeletal muscle protein that localizes to the mitochondria, results in enhanced muscle oxygen consumption rate, increased endurance capacity, and improved limb muscle strength in mice with wildtype background. Here, we investigate whether Mss51 deletion in the mdx murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mdx-Mss51 KO) counteracts the muscle pathology and mitochondrial irregularities observed in mdx mice. We found that mdx-Mss51 KO mice had increased myofiber oxygen consumption rates and an amelioration of muscle histopathology compared to mdx counterparts. This corresponded with greater treadmill endurance and less percent fatigue in muscle physiology, but no improvement in forelimb grip strength or limb muscle force production. These findings suggest that although Mss51 deletion ameliorates the skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration defects in mdx and improves fatigue resistance in vivo, the lack of improvement in force production suggests that this target alone may be insufficient for a therapeutic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin I Rovira Gonzalez
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam L Moyer
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas J LeTexier
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - August D Bratti
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Siyuan Feng
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa Peña
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Congshan Sun
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Pulcastro
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shama R Iyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn R Wagner
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Franco LVR, Su CH, Tzagoloff A. Modular assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase and cytochrome oxidase. Biol Chem 2021; 401:835-853. [PMID: 32142477 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory pathway of mitochondria is composed of four electron transfer complexes and the ATP synthase. In this article, we review evidence from studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that both ATP synthase and cytochrome oxidase (COX) are assembled from independent modules that correspond to structurally and functionally identifiable components of each complex. Biogenesis of the respiratory chain requires a coordinate and balanced expression of gene products that become partner subunits of the same complex, but are encoded in the two physically separated genomes. Current evidence indicates that synthesis of two key mitochondrial encoded subunits of ATP synthase is regulated by the F1 module. Expression of COX1 that codes for a subunit of the COX catalytic core is also regulated by a mechanism that restricts synthesis of this subunit to the availability of a nuclear-encoded translational activator. The respiratory chain must maintain a fixed stoichiometry of the component enzyme complexes during cell growth. We propose that high-molecular-weight complexes composed of Cox6, a subunit of COX, and of the Atp9 subunit of ATP synthase play a key role in establishing the ratio of the two complexes during their assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Veloso Ribeiro Franco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brasil
| | - Chen Hsien Su
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alexander Tzagoloff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Linking Serine/Glycine Metabolism to Radiotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061191. [PMID: 33801846 PMCID: PMC8002185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hyperactivation of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis across different cancer types and its critical contribution in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance indicate the relevance of serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies as therapeutic intervention in cancer. In this review, we specifically focus on the contribution of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway to radioresistance. We provide a future perspective on how de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis inhibition and serine-free diets may improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Future research in this field is needed to better understand serine/glycine metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation and the influence of this pathway in the tumor microenvironment, which may provide the rationale for the optimal combination therapies. Abstract The activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in a subset of tumors has been described as a major contributor to tumor pathogenesis, poor outcome, and treatment resistance. Amplifications and mutations of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis enzymes can trigger pathway activation; however, a large group of cancers displays serine/glycine pathway overexpression induced by oncogenic drivers and unknown regulatory mechanisms. A better understanding of the regulatory network of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis activation in cancer might be essential to unveil opportunities to target tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. In the current review, we describe how the activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in cancer is linked to treatment resistance and its implications in the clinic. To our knowledge, only a few studies have identified this pathway as metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation therapy. We propose an important contribution of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway activation to radioresistance by being involved in cancer cell viability and proliferation, maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and redox homeostasis under hypoxia and nutrient-deprived conditions. Current approaches for inhibition of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention, which in combination with radiotherapy might be a promising strategy for tumor control and ultimately eradication. Further research is needed to gain molecular and mechanistic insight into the activation of this pathway in response to radiation therapy and to design sophisticated stratification methods to select patients that might benefit from serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies in combination with radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Functions of Cytochrome c oxidase Assembly Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197254. [PMID: 33008142 PMCID: PMC7582755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase is the terminal complex of eukaryotic oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. This process couples the reduction of electron carriers during metabolism to the reduction of molecular oxygen to water and translocation of protons from the internal mitochondrial matrix to the inter-membrane space. The electrochemical gradient formed is used to generate chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate to power vital cellular processes. Cytochrome c oxidase and most oxidative phosphorylation complexes are the product of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. This poses a series of topological and temporal steps that must be completed to ensure efficient assembly of the functional enzyme. Many assembly factors have evolved to perform these steps for insertion of protein into the inner mitochondrial membrane, maturation of the polypeptide, incorporation of co-factors and prosthetic groups and to regulate this process. Much of the information about each of these assembly factors has been gleaned from use of the single cell eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae and also mutations responsible for human disease. This review will focus on the assembly factors of cytochrome c oxidase to highlight some of the outstanding questions in the assembly of this vital enzyme complex.
Collapse
|
13
|
Grevel A, Pfanner N, Becker T. Coupling of import and assembly pathways in mitochondrial protein biogenesis. Biol Chem 2020; 401:117-129. [PMID: 31513529 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biogenesis and function of mitochondria depend on the import of about 1000 precursor proteins that are produced on cytosolic ribosomes. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) forms the entry gate for most proteins. After passage through the TOM channel, dedicated preprotein translocases sort the precursor proteins into the mitochondrial subcompartments. Many proteins have to be assembled into oligomeric membrane-integrated complexes in order to perform their functions. In this review, we discuss a dual role of mitochondrial preprotein translocases in protein translocation and oligomeric assembly, focusing on the biogenesis of the TOM complex and the respiratory chain. The sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) of the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a dynamic platform for coupling transport and assembly of TOM subunits. The biogenesis of the cytochrome c oxidase of the inner membrane involves a molecular circuit to adjust translation of mitochondrial-encoded core subunits to the availability of nuclear-encoded partner proteins. Thus, mitochondrial protein translocases not only import precursor proteins but can also support their assembly into functional complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grevel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dahmani M, Anderson JF, Sultana H, Neelakanta G. Rickettsial pathogen uses arthropod tryptophan pathway metabolites to evade reactive oxygen species in tick cells. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13237. [PMID: 32562372 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are induced upon pathogen infection plays an important role in host defence. The rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which is primarily transmitted by Ixodes scapularis ticks in the United States, has evolved many strategies to escape ROS and survive in mammalian cells. However, little is known on the role of ROS in A. phagocytophilum infection in ticks. Our results show that A. phagocytophilum and hemin induce activation of l-tryptophan pathway in tick cells. Xanthurenic acid (XA), a tryptophan metabolite, supports A. phagocytophilum growth in tick cells through inhibition of tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO) activity leading to reduced l-kynurenine levels that subsequently affects build-up of ROS. However, hemin supports A. phagocytophilum growth in tick cells by inducing TDO activity leading to increased l-kynurenine levels and ROS production. Our data reveal that XA and kynurenic acid (KA) chelate hemin. Furthermore, treatment of tick cells with 3-hydroxyl l-kynurenine limits A. phagocytophilum growth in tick cells. RNAi-mediated knockdown of kynurenine aminotransferase expression results in increased ROS production and reduced A. phagocytophilum burden in tick cells. Collectively, these results suggest that l-tryptophan pathway metabolites influence A. phagocytophilum survival by affecting build up of ROS levels in tick cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Dahmani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - John F Anderson
- Department of Entomology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bertgen L, Mühlhaus T, Herrmann JM. Clingy genes: Why were genes for ribosomal proteins retained in many mitochondrial genomes? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148275. [PMID: 32712152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Why mitochondria still retain their own genome is a puzzle given the enormous effort to maintain a mitochondrial translation machinery. Most mitochondrially encoded proteins are membrane-embedded subunits of the respiratory chain. Their hydrophobicity presumably impedes their import into mitochondria. However, many mitochondrial genomes also encode protein subunits of the mitochondrial ribosome. These proteins lack transmembrane domains and hydrophobicity cannot explain why their genes remained in mitochondria. In this review, we provide an overview about mitochondrially encoded subunits of mitochondrial ribosomes of fungi, plants and protists. Moreover, we discuss and evaluate different hypotheses which were put forward to explain why (ribosomal) proteins remained mitochondrially encoded. It seems likely that the synthesis of ribosomal proteins in the mitochondrial matrix is used to regulate the assembly of the mitochondrial ribosome within mitochondria and to avoid problems that mitochondrial proteins might pose for cytosolic proteostasis and for the assembly of cytosolic ribosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Bertgen
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Computational Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 23, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johannes M Herrmann
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sakai A, Iwatani N, Harada K. Improvement Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Hyperlipidemia in Miniature Schnauzer Dogs: An Open Study in 5 Cases of One Pedigree. Yonago Acta Med 2020; 63:234-238. [PMID: 32884444 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to examine the long-term effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid mainly on serum lipoproteins in dogs with hyperlipidemia. We studied 5 Miniature Schnauzer cases whose fasting serum total triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein of triglyceride levels were extremely high (635 ± 116 and 520 ± 92 mg/dL, respectively). Although the total cholesterol values were normal, the very-low-density lipoprotein of cholesterol level was high (49 ± 7 mg/dL). Each dog received a 5-aminolevulinic acid supplement (5 mg/day) orally for 6 months. The mean values of total triglyceride, very-low-density lipoprotein of both triglyceride and cholesterol decreased significantly after the treatment period (319 ± 29, 245 ± 18, and 27 ± 2 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.05). Our present results may present evidence that 5-ALA administration contributes to improvement of hyperlipidemia in Miniature Schnauzer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aki Sakai
- One Health Business Department, Neopharma Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo 102-0071, Japan.,Anchor Trust Animal Hospital, Tokyo
| | - Nao Iwatani
- One Health Business Department, Neopharma Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo 102-0071, Japan.,Anchor Trust Animal Hospital, Tokyo
| | - Kazuki Harada
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
From Synthesis to Utilization: The Ins and Outs of Mitochondrial Heme. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030579. [PMID: 32121449 PMCID: PMC7140478 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is a ubiquitous and essential iron containing metallo-organic cofactor required for virtually all aerobic life. Heme synthesis is initiated and completed in mitochondria, followed by certain covalent modifications and/or its delivery to apo-hemoproteins residing throughout the cell. While the biochemical aspects of heme biosynthetic reactions are well understood, the trafficking of newly synthesized heme—a highly reactive and inherently toxic compound—and its subsequent delivery to target proteins remain far from clear. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about heme biosynthesis and trafficking within and outside of the mitochondria.
Collapse
|
18
|
Barros MH, McStay GP. Modular biogenesis of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Mitochondrion 2019; 50:94-114. [PMID: 31669617 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function relies on the activity of oxidative phosphorylation to synthesise ATP and generate an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. These coupled processes are mediated by five multi-subunit complexes that reside in this inner membrane. These complexes are the product of both nuclear and mitochondrial gene products. Defects in the function or assembly of these complexes can lead to mitochondrial diseases due to deficits in energy production and mitochondrial functions. Appropriate biogenesis and function are mediated by a complex number of assembly factors that promote maturation of specific complex subunits to form the active oxidative phosphorylation complex. The understanding of the biogenesis of each complex has been informed by studies in both simple eukaryotes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human patients with mitochondrial diseases. These studies reveal each complex assembles through a pathway using specific subunits and assembly factors to form kinetically distinct but related assembly modules. The current understanding of these complexes has embraced the revolutions in genomics and proteomics to further our knowledge on the impact of mitochondrial biology in genetics, medicine, and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario H Barros
- Departamento de Microbiologia - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gavin P McStay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rovira Gonzalez YI, Moyer AL, LeTexier NJ, Bratti AD, Feng S, Sun C, Liu T, Mula J, Jha P, Iyer SR, Lovering R, O’Rourke B, Noh HL, Suk S, Kim JK, Essien Umanah GK, Wagner KR. Mss51 deletion enhances muscle metabolism and glucose homeostasis in mice. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122247. [PMID: 31527314 PMCID: PMC6824300 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth and metabolism and its inhibition in mice improves insulin sensitivity, increases glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, and decreases total body fat. A recently described mammalian protein called MSS51 is significantly downregulated with myostatin inhibition. In vitro disruption of Mss51 results in increased levels of ATP, β-oxidation, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. To determine the in vivo biological function of Mss51 in mice, we disrupted the Mss51 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 and found that Mss51-KO mice have normal muscle weights and fiber-type distribution but reduced fat pads. Myofibers isolated from Mss51-KO mice showed an increased oxygen consumption rate compared with WT controls, indicating an accelerated rate of skeletal muscle metabolism. The expression of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid β-oxidation were enhanced in skeletal muscle of Mss51-KO mice compared with that of WT mice. We found that mice lacking Mss51 and challenged with a high-fat diet were resistant to diet-induced weight gain, had increased whole-body glucose turnover and glycolysis rate, and increased systemic insulin sensitivity and fatty acid β-oxidation. These findings demonstrate that MSS51 modulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and regulates whole-body glucose and fatty acid metabolism, making it a potential target for obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin I. Rovira Gonzalez
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program
| | - Adam L. Moyer
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program
| | - Nicolas J. LeTexier
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - August D. Bratti
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Siyuan Feng
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Congshan Sun
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Neuroscience, and
| | - Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jyothi Mula
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pankhuri Jha
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shama R. Iyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian O’Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sujin Suk
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason K. Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kathryn R. Wagner
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Neuroscience, and
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lindahl PA. A comprehensive mechanistic model of iron metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metallomics 2019; 11:1779-1799. [PMID: 31531508 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ironome of budding yeast (circa 2019) consists of approximately 139 proteins and 5 nonproteinaceous species. These proteins were grouped according to location in the cell, type of iron center(s), and cellular function. The resulting 27 groups were used, along with an additional 13 nonprotein components, to develop a mesoscale mechanistic model that describes the import, trafficking, metallation, and regulation of iron within growing yeast cells. The model was designed to be simultaneously mutually autocatalytic and mutually autoinhibitory - a property called autocatinhibitory that should be most realistic for simulating cellular biochemical processes. The model was assessed at the systems' level. General conclusions are presented, including a new perspective on understanding regulatory mechanisms in cellular systems. Some unsettled issues are described. This model, once fully developed, has the potential to mimic the phenotype (at a coarse-grain level) of all iron-related genetic mutations in this simple and well-studied eukaryote.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Lindahl
- Departments of Chemistry and of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hillman GA, Henry MF. The yeast protein Mam33 functions in the assembly of the mitochondrial ribosome. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9813-9829. [PMID: 31053642 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ribosomes are functionally specialized for the synthesis of several essential inner membrane proteins of the respiratory chain. Although remarkable progress has been made toward understanding the structure of mitoribosomes, the pathways and factors that facilitate their biogenesis remain largely unknown. The long unstructured domains of unassembled ribosomal proteins are highly prone to misfolding and often require dedicated chaperones to prevent aggregation. To date, chaperones that ensure safe delivery to the assembling ribosome have not been identified in the mitochondrion. In this study, a respiratory synthetic lethality screen revealed a role for an evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial matrix protein called Mam33 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitoribosome biogenesis. We found that the absence of Mam33 results in misassembled, aggregated ribosomes and a respiratory lethal phenotype in combination with other ribosome-assembly mutants. Using sucrose gradient sedimentation, native affinity purifications, in vitro binding assays, and SILAC-based quantitative proteomics, we found that Mam33 does not associate with the mature mitoribosome, but directly binds a subset of unassembled large subunit proteins. Based on these data, we propose that Mam33 binds specific mitoribosomal proteins to ensure proper assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Hillman
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084 and.,the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey 08084
| | - Michael F Henry
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084 and .,the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey 08084
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen R, Lee C, Lin X, Zhao C, Li X. Novel function of VEGF-B as an antioxidant and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:33-39. [PMID: 30851357 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, due to insufficiency of antioxidants or over-production of oxidants, can lead to severe cell and tissue damage. Oxidative stress occurs constantly and has been shown to be involved in innumerable diseases, such as degenerative, cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic disorders, cancer, and aging, thus highlighting the vital need of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) was discovered a long time ago, and is abundantly expressed in most types of cells and tissues. VEGF-B remained functionally mysterious for many years and later on has been shown to be minimally angiogenic. Recently, VEGF-B is reported to be a potent antioxidant by boosting the expression of key antioxidant enzymes. Thus, one major role of VEGF-B lies in safeguarding tissues and cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. VEGF-B may therefore have promising therapeutic utilities in treating oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the newly discovered antioxidant function of VEGF-B and the related molecular mechanisms, particularly, in relationship to some oxidative stress-related diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 200023, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Leung GCH, Fung SSP, Dovey NRB, Raven EL, Hudson AJ. Precise determination of heme binding affinity in proteins. Anal Biochem 2019; 572:45-51. [PMID: 30807737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a new role for cellular heme as a signalling molecule, in which interactions with target proteins are more transient than found with traditionally-defined hemoproteins. To study this role, a precise method is needed for determining the heme-binding affinity (or dissociation constant, Kd). Estimates of Kd are commonly made following a spectrophotometric titration of an apo-protein with hemin. An impediment to precise determination is, however, the challenge in discriminating between the Soret absorbance for the product (holo-protein) and that for the titrant (hemin). An altogether different approach has been used in this paper to separate contributions made by these components to absorbance values. The pure component spectra and concentration profiles are estimated by a multivariate curve-resolution (MCR) algorithm. This approach has significant advantages over existing methods. First, a more precise determination of Kd can be made as concentration profiles for all three components (apo-protein/holo-protein/hemin) are determined and can be simultaneously fitted to a theoretical-binding model. Second, an absorption spectrum for the holo-protein is calculated. This is a unique advantage of MCR and attractive for investigating proteins in which the nature of heme binding has not, hitherto, been characterised because the holo-protein spectrum provides information on the interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galvin C-H Leung
- Department of Chemistry and the Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S-P Fung
- Department of Chemistry and the Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R B Dovey
- Department of Chemistry and the Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Raven
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Hudson
- Department of Chemistry and the Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cogliati S, Lorenzi I, Rigoni G, Caicci F, Soriano ME. Regulation of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Assembly. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:4849-4873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
25
|
Vandekeere S, Dubois C, Kalucka J, Sullivan MR, García-Caballero M, Goveia J, Chen R, Diehl FF, Bar-Lev L, Souffreau J, Pircher A, Kumar S, Vinckier S, Hirabayashi Y, Furuya S, Schoonjans L, Eelen G, Ghesquière B, Keshet E, Li X, Vander Heiden MG, Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P. Serine Synthesis via PHGDH Is Essential for Heme Production in Endothelial Cells. Cell Metab 2018; 28:573-587.e13. [PMID: 30017355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), a key enzyme of the serine synthesis pathway (SSP), in endothelial cells (ECs) remains poorly characterized. We report that mouse neonates with EC-specific PHGDH deficiency suffer lethal vascular defects within days of gene inactivation, due to reduced EC proliferation and survival. In addition to nucleotide synthesis impairment, PHGDH knockdown (PHGDHKD) caused oxidative stress, due not only to decreased glutathione and NADPH synthesis but also to mitochondrial dysfunction. Electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme activities were compromised upon PHGDHKD because of insufficient heme production due to cellular serine depletion, not observed in other cell types. As a result of heme depletion, elevated reactive oxygen species levels caused EC demise. Supplementation of hemin in PHGDHKD ECs restored ETC function and rescued the apoptosis and angiogenesis defects. These data argue that ECs die upon PHGDH inhibition, even without external serine deprivation, illustrating an unusual importance of serine synthesis for ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saar Vandekeere
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Dubois
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mark R Sullivan
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rongyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Frances F Diehl
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Libat Bar-Lev
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Joris Souffreau
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Saran Kumar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako City, Saimata 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigeki Furuya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Eli Keshet
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Mitochondria contain their own genome that encodes for a small number of proteins, while the vast majority of mitochondrial proteins is produced on cytosolic ribosomes. The formation of respiratory chain complexes depends on the coordinated biogenesis of mitochondrially encoded and nuclear-encoded subunits. In this review, we describe pathways that adjust mitochondrial protein synthesis and import of nuclear-encoded subunits to the assembly of respiratory chain complexes. Furthermore, we outline how defects in protein import into mitochondria affect nuclear gene expression to maintain protein homeostasis under physiological and stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Priesnitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (ZBMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (ZBMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Comer JM, Zhang L. Experimental Methods for Studying Cellular Heme Signaling. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060047. [PMID: 29795036 PMCID: PMC6025097 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of heme is important to our understanding of cellular bioenergetics, especially in cancer cells. The function of heme as a prosthetic group in proteins such as cytochromes is now well-documented. Less is known, however, about its role as a regulator of metabolic and energetic pathways. This is due in part to some inherent difficulties in studying heme. Due to its slightly amphiphilic nature, heme is a "sticky" molecule which can easily bind non-specifically to proteins. In addition, heme tends to dimerize, oxidize, and aggregate in purely aqueous solutions; therefore, there are constraints on buffer composition and concentrations. Despite these difficulties, our knowledge of heme's regulatory role continues to grow. This review sums up the latest methods used to study reversible heme binding. Heme-regulated proteins will also be reviewed, as well as a system for imaging the cellular localization of heme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Comer
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fujita R, Yoshioka K, Seko D, Suematsu T, Mitsuhashi S, Senoo N, Miura S, Nishino I, Ono Y. Zmynd17 controls muscle mitochondrial quality and whole-body metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 32:5012-5025. [PMID: 29913553 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701264r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle mitochondria are crucial for systemic metabolic function, yet their regulation remains unclear. The zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 17 (Zmynd17) was recently identified as a muscle-specific gene in mammals. Here, we investigated the role of Zmynd17 in mice. We found Zmynd17 predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, especially in fast glycolytic muscle. Genetic Zmynd17 inactivation led to morphologic and functional abnormalities in muscle mitochondria, resulting in decreased respiratory function. Metabolic stress induced by a high-fat diet upregulated Zmynd17 expression and further exacerbated muscle mitochondrial morphology in Zmynd17-deficient mice. Strikingly, Zmynd17 deficiency significantly aggravated metabolic stress-induced hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, middle-aged mice lacking Zmynd17 exhibited impaired aerobic exercise performance, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Thus, our results indicate that Zmynd17 is a metabolic stress-inducible factor that maintains muscle mitochondrial integrity, with its deficiency profoundly affecting whole-body glucose metabolism.-Fujita, R., Yoshioka, K., Seko, D., Suematsu, T., Mitsuhashi, S., Senoo, N., Miura, S., Nishino, I., Ono, Y. Zmynd17 controls muscle mitochondrial quality and whole-body metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Fujita
- Musculoskeletal Molecular Biology Research Group, Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshioka
- Musculoskeletal Molecular Biology Research Group, Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daiki Seko
- Musculoskeletal Molecular Biology Research Group, Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Suematsu
- Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; and
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; and
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Musculoskeletal Molecular Biology Research Group, Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Böttinger L, Mårtensson CU, Song J, Zufall N, Wiedemann N, Becker T. Respiratory chain supercomplexes associate with the cysteine desulfurase complex of the iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:776-785. [PMID: 29386296 PMCID: PMC5905291 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-09-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex and cytochrome c oxidase associate in respiratory chain supercomplexes. We identified a specific association of the iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis desulfurase with the respiratory chain supercomplexes. Our finding reveals a novel link between respiration and iron–sulfur cluster formation. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells. The activity of the respiratory chain complexes generates a proton gradient across the inner membrane, which is used by the F1FO-ATP synthase to produce ATP for cellular metabolism. In baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) associate in respiratory chain supercomplexes. Iron–sulfur clusters (ISC) form reactive centers of respiratory chain complexes. The assembly of ISC occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is essential for cell viability. The cysteine desulfurase Nfs1 provides sulfur for ISC assembly and forms with partner proteins the ISC-biogenesis desulfurase complex (ISD complex). Here, we report an unexpected interaction of the active ISD complex with the cytochrome bc1 complex and cytochrome c oxidase. The individual deletion of complex III or complex IV blocks the association of the ISD complex with respiratory chain components. We conclude that the ISD complex binds selectively to respiratory chain supercomplexes. We propose that this molecular link contributes to coordination of iron–sulfur cluster formation with respiratory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Böttinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (ZBMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph U Mårtensson
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (ZBMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiyao Song
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (ZBMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Zufall
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (ZBMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (ZBMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (ZBMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Callegari S, Dennerlein S. Sensing the Stress: A Role for the UPR mt and UPR am in the Quality Control of Mitochondria. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:31. [PMID: 29644217 PMCID: PMC5882792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria exist as compartmentalized units, surrounded by a selectively permeable double membrane. Within is contained the mitochondrial genome and protein synthesis machinery, required for the synthesis of OXPHOS components and ultimately, ATP production. Despite their physical barrier, mitochondria are tightly integrated into the cellular environment. A constant flow of information must be maintained to and from the mitochondria and the nucleus, to ensure mitochondria are amenable to cell metabolic requirements and also to feedback on their functional state. This review highlights the pathways by which mitochondrial stress is signaled to the nucleus, with a particular focus on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and the unfolded protein response activated by the mistargeting of proteins (UPRam). Although these pathways were originally discovered to alleviate proteotoxic stress from the accumulation of mitochondrial-targeted proteins that are misfolded or unimported, we review recent findings indicating that the UPRmt can also sense defects in mitochondrial translation. We further discuss the regulation of OXPHOS assembly and speculate on a possible role for mitochondrial stress pathways in sensing OXPHOS biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Callegari
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Derbikova KS, Levitsky SA, Chicherin IV, Vinogradova EN, Kamenski PA. Activation of Yeast Mitochondrial Translation: Who Is in Charge? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:87-97. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
32
|
Comparative biochemistry of cytochrome c oxidase in animals. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 224:170-184. [PMID: 29180239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the electron transport system, is central to aerobic metabolism of animals. Many aspects of its structure and function are highly conserved, yet, paradoxically, it is also an important model for studying the evolution of the metabolic phenotype. In this review, part of a special issue honouring Peter Hochachka, we consider the biology of COX from the perspective of comparative and evolutionary biochemistry. The approach is to consider what is known about the enzyme in the context of conventional biochemistry, but focus on how evolutionary researchers have used this background to explore the role of the enzyme in biochemical adaptation of animals. In synthesizing the conventional and evolutionary biochemistry, we hope to identify synergies and future research opportunities. COX represents a rare opportunity for researchers to design studies that span the breadth of biology: molecular genetics, protein biochemistry, enzymology, metabolic physiology, organismal performance, evolutionary biology, and phylogeography.
Collapse
|
33
|
Plasticity of Mitochondrial Translation. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:712-721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Box JM, Kaur J, Stuart RA. MrpL35, a mitospecific component of mitoribosomes, plays a key role in cytochrome c oxidase assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3489-3499. [PMID: 28931599 PMCID: PMC5683760 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-04-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitoribosomes perform the synthesis of the core components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system encoded by the mitochondrial genome. We provide evidence that MrpL35 (mL38), a mitospecific component of the yeast mitoribosomal central protuberance, assembles into a subcomplex with MrpL7 (uL5), Mrp7 (bL27), and MrpL36 (bL31) and mitospecific proteins MrpL17 (mL46) and MrpL28 (mL40). We isolated respiratory defective mrpL35 mutant yeast strains, which do not display an overall inhibition in mitochondrial protein synthesis but rather have a problem in cytochrome c oxidase complex (COX) assembly. Our findings indicate that MrpL35, with its partner Mrp7, play a key role in coordinating the synthesis of the Cox1 subunit with its assembly into the COX enzyme and in a manner that involves the Cox14 and Coa3 proteins. We propose that MrpL35 and Mrp7 are regulatory subunits of the mitoribosome acting to coordinate protein synthesis and OXPHOS assembly events and thus the bioenergetic capacity of the mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie M Box
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233
| | - Jasvinder Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233
| | - Rosemary A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Timón-Gómez A, Nývltová E, Abriata LA, Vila AJ, Hosler J, Barrientos A. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis: Recent developments. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 76:163-178. [PMID: 28870773 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the primary site of cellular oxygen consumption and is essential for aerobic energy generation in the form of ATP. Human COX is a copper-heme A hetero-multimeric complex formed by 3 catalytic core subunits encoded in the mitochondrial DNA and 11 subunits encoded in the nuclear genome. Investigations over the last 50 years have progressively shed light into the sophistication surrounding COX biogenesis and the regulation of this process, disclosing multiple assembly factors, several redox-regulated processes leading to metal co-factor insertion, regulatory mechanisms to couple synthesis of COX subunits to COX assembly, and the incorporation of COX into respiratory supercomplexes. Here, we will critically summarize recent progress and controversies in several key aspects of COX biogenesis: linear versus modular assembly, the coupling of mitochondrial translation to COX assembly and COX assembly into respiratory supercomplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Timón-Gómez
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eva Nývltová
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling & Protein Purification and Structure Facility, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro J Vila
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Jonathan Hosler
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang T, Bu P, Zeng J, Vancura A. Increased heme synthesis in yeast induces a metabolic switch from fermentation to respiration even under conditions of glucose repression. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16942-16954. [PMID: 28830930 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration is a complex process that involves several signaling pathways and transcription factors as well as communication between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Under aerobic conditions, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolizes glucose predominantly by glycolysis and fermentation. We have recently shown that altered chromatin structure in yeast induces respiration by a mechanism that requires transport and metabolism of pyruvate in mitochondria. However, how pyruvate controls the transcriptional responses underlying the metabolic switch from fermentation to respiration is unknown. Here, we report that this pyruvate effect involves heme. We found that heme induces transcription of HAP4, the transcriptional activation subunit of the Hap2/3/4/5p complex, required for growth on nonfermentable carbon sources, in a Hap1p- and Hap2/3/4/5p-dependent manner. Increasing cellular heme levels by inactivating ROX1, which encodes a repressor of many hypoxic genes, or by overexpressing HEM3 or HEM12 induced respiration and elevated ATP levels. Increased heme synthesis, even under conditions of glucose repression, activated Hap1p and the Hap2/3/4/5p complex and induced transcription of HAP4 and genes required for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation, leading to a switch from fermentation to respiration. Conversely, inhibiting metabolic flux into the TCA cycle reduced cellular heme levels and HAP4 transcription. Together, our results indicate that the glucose-mediated repression of respiration in budding yeast is at least partly due to the low cellular heme level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Pengli Bu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Joey Zeng
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Ales Vancura
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
De Silva D, Poliquin S, Zeng R, Zamudio-Ochoa A, Marrero N, Perez-Martinez X, Fontanesi F, Barrientos A. The DEAD-box helicase Mss116 plays distinct roles in mitochondrial ribogenesis and mRNA-specific translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:6628-6643. [PMID: 28520979 PMCID: PMC5499750 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the DEAD-box family are often multifunctional proteins involved in several RNA transactions. Among them, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mss116 participates in mitochondrial intron splicing and, under cold stress, also in mitochondrial transcription elongation. Here, we show that Mss116 interacts with the mitoribosome assembly factor Mrh4, is required for efficient mitoribosome biogenesis, and consequently, maintenance of the overall mitochondrial protein synthesis rate. Additionally, Mss116 is required for efficient COX1 mRNA translation initiation and elongation. Mss116 interacts with a COX1 mRNA-specific translational activator, the pentatricopeptide repeat protein Pet309. In the absence of Mss116, Pet309 is virtually absent, and although mitoribosome loading onto COX1 mRNA can occur, activation of COX1 mRNA translation is impaired. Mutations abolishing the helicase activity of Mss116 do not prevent the interaction of Mss116 with Pet309 but also do not allow COX1 mRNA translation. We propose that Pet309 acts as an adaptor protein for Mss116 action on the COX1 mRNA 5΄-UTR to promote efficient Cox1 synthesis. Overall, we conclude that the different functions of Mss116 in the biogenesis and functioning of the mitochondrial translation machinery depend on Mss116 interplay with its protein cofactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasmanthie De Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sarah Poliquin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Angelica Zamudio-Ochoa
- Departamento de Genetica Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Natalie Marrero
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xochitl Perez-Martinez
- Departamento de Genetica Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ota U, Hara T, Nakagawa H, Tsuru E, Tsuda M, Kamiya A, Kuroda Y, Kitajima Y, Koda A, Ishizuka M, Fukuhara H, Inoue K, Shuin T, Nakajima M, Tanaka T. 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous ion reduces adiposity and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice via enhancing mitochondrial function. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:7. [PMID: 28132645 PMCID: PMC5278573 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with obesity and various obesity-associated pathological conditions including glucose intolerance. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor of heme metabolites, is a natural amino acid synthesized in the mitochondria, and various types of cytochromes containing heme contribute to aerobic energy metabolism. Thus, ALA might have beneficial effects on the reduction of adiposity and improvement of glucose tolerance through its promotion of heme synthesis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ALA combined with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) on obesity and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Methods We used 20-weeks-old male C57BL/6J diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice that had been fed high-fat diet from 4th week or wild-type C57BL/6J mice. The DIO mice were orally administered ALA combined with SFC (ALA/SFC) for 6 weeks. At the 4th and 5th week during ALA/SFC administration, mice were fasted for 5 h and overnight, respectively and used for oral glucose tolerance test. After the ALA/SFC administration, the plasma glucose levels, weight of white adipose tissue, and expression levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes were examined. Furthermore, the effects of ALA/SFC on lipid content and glucose uptake were examined in vitro. Results Oral administration of ALA/SFC for 6 weeks reduced the body weight by about 10% and the weight of white adipose tissues in these animals. In vitro, ALA/SFC reduced lipid content in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose dependent manner, and enhanced glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by 70–90% and rat L6 myoblasts by 30% at 6 h. Additionally, oral administration of ALA/SFC reduced plasma glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance in DIO mice. Furthermore, ALA/SFC enhanced the expression of OXPHOS complexes III, IV, and V by 40–70% in white adipose tissues of DIO mice, improving mitochondrial function. Conclusions Our findings indicate that ALA/SFC is effective in the reduction of adiposity and improvement of glucose tolerance, and that the induction of mitochondrial OXPHOS complex III, IV, and V by ALA/SFC might be an essential component of the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. ALA/SFC might be a useful supplement for obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40360-016-0108-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urara Ota
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Nakagawa
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Emi Tsuru
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kamiya
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kuroda
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Yuya Kitajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Aya Koda
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishizuka
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Taro Shuin
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Tohru Tanaka
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bourens M, Barrientos A. A CMC1-knockout reveals translation-independent control of human mitochondrial complex IV biogenesis. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:477-494. [PMID: 28082314 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (CIV) frequently cause encephalocardiomyopathies. Human CIV assembly involves 14 subunits of dual genetic origin and multiple nucleus-encoded ancillary factors. Biogenesis of the mitochondrion-encoded copper/heme-containing COX1 subunit initiates the CIV assembly process. Here, we show that the intermembrane space twin CX9C protein CMC1 forms an early CIV assembly intermediate with COX1 and two assembly factors, the cardiomyopathy proteins COA3 and COX14. A TALEN-mediated CMC1 knockout HEK293T cell line displayed normal COX1 synthesis but decreased CIV activity owing to the instability of newly synthetized COX1. We demonstrate that CMC1 stabilizes a COX1-COA3-COX14 complex before the incorporation of COX4 and COX5a subunits. Additionally, we show that CMC1 acts independently of CIV assembly factors relevant to COX1 metallation (COX10, COX11, and SURF1) or late stability (MITRAC7). Furthermore, whereas human COX14 and COA3 have been proposed to affect COX1 mRNA translation, our data indicate that CMC1 regulates turnover of newly synthesized COX1 prior to and during COX1 maturation, without affecting the rate of COX1 synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Bourens
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sato TK, Tremaine M, Parreiras LS, Hebert AS, Myers KS, Higbee AJ, Sardi M, McIlwain SJ, Ong IM, Breuer RJ, Avanasi Narasimhan R, McGee MA, Dickinson Q, La Reau A, Xie D, Tian M, Reed JL, Zhang Y, Coon JJ, Hittinger CT, Gasch AP, Landick R. Directed Evolution Reveals Unexpected Epistatic Interactions That Alter Metabolic Regulation and Enable Anaerobic Xylose Use by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006372. [PMID: 27741250 PMCID: PMC5065143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability of native Saccharomyces cerevisiae to convert xylose from plant biomass into biofuels remains a major challenge for the production of renewable bioenergy. Despite extensive knowledge of the regulatory networks controlling carbon metabolism in yeast, little is known about how to reprogram S. cerevisiae to ferment xylose at rates comparable to glucose. Here we combined genome sequencing, proteomic profiling, and metabolomic analyses to identify and characterize the responsible mutations in a series of evolved strains capable of metabolizing xylose aerobically or anaerobically. We report that rapid xylose conversion by engineered and evolved S. cerevisiae strains depends upon epistatic interactions among genes encoding a xylose reductase (GRE3), a component of MAP Kinase (MAPK) signaling (HOG1), a regulator of Protein Kinase A (PKA) signaling (IRA2), and a scaffolding protein for mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis (ISU1). Interestingly, the mutation in IRA2 only impacted anaerobic xylose consumption and required the loss of ISU1 function, indicating a previously unknown connection between PKA signaling, Fe-S cluster biogenesis, and anaerobiosis. Proteomic and metabolomic comparisons revealed that the xylose-metabolizing mutant strains exhibit altered metabolic pathways relative to the parental strain when grown in xylose. Further analyses revealed that interacting mutations in HOG1 and ISU1 unexpectedly elevated mitochondrial respiratory proteins and enabled rapid aerobic respiration of xylose and other non-fermentable carbon substrates. Our findings suggest a surprising connection between Fe-S cluster biogenesis and signaling that facilitates aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation of xylose, underscoring how much remains unknown about the eukaryotic signaling systems that regulate carbon metabolism. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is being genetically engineered to produce renewable biofuels from sustainable plant material. Efficient biofuel production from plant material requires conversion of the complex suite of sugars found in plant material, including the five-carbon sugar xylose. Because it does not efficiently metabolize xylose, S. cerevisiae has been engineered with a minimal set of genes that should overcome this problem; however, additional genetic changes are required for optimal fermentative conversion of xylose into biofuel. Despite extensive knowledge of the regulatory networks controlling glucose metabolism, less is known about the regulation of xylose metabolism and how to rewire these networks for effective biofuel production. Here we report genetic mutations that enabled the conversion of xylose into bioethanol by a previously ineffective yeast strain. By comparing altered protein and metabolite abundance within yeast cells containing these mutations, we determined that the mutations synergistically alter metabolic pathways to improve the rate of xylose conversion. One change in a gene with well-characterized aerobic mitochondrial functions was found to play an unexpected role in anaerobic conversion of xylose into ethanol. The results of this work will allow others to rapidly generate yeast strains for the conversion of xylose into biofuels and other products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trey K. Sato
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TKS); (APG); (RL)
| | - Mary Tremaine
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lucas S. Parreiras
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexander S. Hebert
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Myers
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alan J. Higbee
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Maria Sardi
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sean J. McIlwain
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Irene M. Ong
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Breuer
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ragothaman Avanasi Narasimhan
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mick A. McGee
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Quinn Dickinson
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alex La Reau
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dan Xie
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mingyuan Tian
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Reed
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yaoping Zhang
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chris Todd Hittinger
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, J.F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Audrey P. Gasch
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TKS); (APG); (RL)
| | - Robert Landick
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TKS); (APG); (RL)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim HJ, Jeong MY, Parnell TJ, Babst M, Phillips JD, Winge DR. The Plasma Membrane Protein Nce102 Implicated in Eisosome Formation Rescues a Heme Defect in Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17417-26. [PMID: 27317660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.727743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular transport of the cofactor heme and its biosynthetic intermediates such as protoporphyrin IX is a complex and highly coordinated process. To investigate the molecular details of this trafficking pathway, we created a synthetic lesion in the heme biosynthetic pathway by deleting the gene HEM15 encoding the enzyme ferrochelatase in S. cerevisiae and performed a genetic suppressor screen. Cells lacking Hem15 are respiratory-defective because of an inefficient heme delivery to the mitochondria. Thus, the biogenesis of mitochondrial cytochromes is negatively affected. The suppressor screen resulted in the isolation of respiratory-competent colonies containing two distinct missense mutations in Nce102, a protein that localizes to plasma membrane invaginations designated as eisosomes. The presence of the Nce102 mutant alleles enabled formation of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes and respiratory growth in hem15Δ cells cultured in supplemental hemin. Respiratory function in hem15Δ cells can also be restored by the presence of a heterologous plasma membrane heme permease (HRG-4), but the mode of suppression mediated by the Nce102 mutant is more efficient. Attenuation of the endocytic pathway through deletion of the gene END3 impaired the Nce102-mediated rescue, suggesting that the Nce102 mutants lead to suppression through the yeast endocytic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung J Kim
- From the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- From the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Timothy J Parnell
- the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, and
| | - Markus Babst
- the Department of Biology and Center for Cell and Genomic Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - John D Phillips
- From the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Dennis R Winge
- From the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Alexey Amunts
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Alan Brown
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mayorga JP, Camacho-Villasana Y, Shingú-Vázquez M, García-Villegas R, Zamudio-Ochoa A, García-Guerrero AE, Hernández G, Pérez-Martínez X. A Novel Function of Pet54 in Regulation of Cox1 Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9343-55. [PMID: 26929411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase assembly requires the synthesis of the mitochondria-encoded core subunits, Cox1, Cox2, and Cox3. In yeast, Pet54 protein is required to activate translation of the COX3 mRNA and to process the aI5β intron on the COX1 transcript. Here we report a third, novel function of Pet54 on Cox1 synthesis. We observed that Pet54 is necessary to achieve an efficient Cox1 synthesis. Translation of the COX1 mRNA is coupled to the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase by a mechanism that involves Mss51. This protein activates translation of the COX1 mRNA by acting on the COX1 5'-UTR, and, in addition, it interacts with the newly synthesized Cox1 protein in high molecular weight complexes that include the factors Coa3 and Cox14. Deletion of Pet54 decreased Cox1 synthesis, and, in contrast to what is commonly observed for other assembly mutants, double deletion of cox14 or coa3 did not recover Cox1 synthesis. Our results show that Pet54 is a positive regulator of Cox1 synthesis that renders Mss51 competent as a translational activator of the COX1 mRNA and that this role is independent of the assembly feedback regulatory loop of Cox1 synthesis. Pet54 may play a role in Mss51 hemylation/conformational change necessary for translational activity. Moreover, Pet54 physically interacts with the COX1 mRNA, and this binding was independent of the presence of Mss51.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Mayorga
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Camacho-Villasana
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel Shingú-Vázquez
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and
| | - Rodolfo García-Villegas
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Angélica Zamudio-Ochoa
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Aldo E García-Guerrero
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Greco Hernández
- the Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Cancer (INCan), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Xochitl Pérez-Martínez
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Soto IC, Barrientos A. Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Biogenesis Is Regulated by the Redox State of a Heme-Binding Translational Activator. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:281-98. [PMID: 26415097 PMCID: PMC4761835 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the last enzyme of the respiratory chain, catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water and therefore is essential for cell function and viability. COX is a multimeric complex, whose biogenesis is extensively regulated. One type of control targets cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1), a key COX enzymatic core subunit translated on mitochondrial ribosomes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cox1 synthesis and COX assembly are coordinated through a negative feedback regulatory loop. This coordination is mediated by Mss51, a heme-sensing COX1 mRNA-specific processing factor and translational activator that is also a Cox1 chaperone. In this study, we investigated whether Mss51 hemylation and Mss51-mediated Cox1 synthesis are both modulated by the reduction-oxidation (redox) environment. RESULTS We report that Cox1 synthesis is attenuated under oxidative stress conditions and have identified one of the underlying mechanisms. We show that in vitro and in vivo exposure to hydrogen peroxide induces the formation of a disulfide bond in Mss51 involving CPX motif heme-coordinating cysteines. Mss51 oxidation results in a heme ligand switch, thereby lowering heme-binding affinity and promoting its release. We demonstrate that in addition to affecting Mss51-dependent heme sensing, oxidative stress compromises Mss51 roles in COX1 mRNA processing and translation. INNOVATION H2O2-induced downregulation of mitochondrial translation has so far not been reported. We show that high H2O2 concentrations induce a global attenuation effect, but milder concentrations specifically affect COX1 mRNA processing and translation in an Mss51-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The redox environment modulates Mss51 functions, which are essential for regulation of COX biogenesis and aerobic energy production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iliana C Soto
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Richter-Dennerlein R, Dennerlein S, Rehling P. Integrating mitochondrial translation into the cellular context. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:586-92. [PMID: 26535422 DOI: 10.1038/nrm4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system assemble with nuclear-encoded subunits into enzymatic complexes. Recent findings showed that mitochondrial translation is linked to other mitochondrial functions, as well as to cellular processes. The supply of mitochondrial-encoded proteins is coordinated by the coupling of mitochondrial protein synthesis with assembly of respiratory chain complexes. MicroRNAs imported from the cytoplasm into mitochondria were, surprisingly, found to act as regulators of mitochondrial translation. In turn, translation in mitochondria controls cellular proliferation, and mitochondrial ribosomal subunits contribute to the cytoplasmic stress response. Thus, translation in mitochondria is apparently integrated into cellular processes.
Collapse
|
46
|
Moyer AL, Wagner KR. Mammalian Mss51 is a skeletal muscle-specific gene modulating cellular metabolism. J Neuromuscul Dis 2015; 2:371-385. [PMID: 26634192 PMCID: PMC4664537 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-150119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathways modulate skeletal muscle growth, regeneration, and cellular metabolism. Several recent gene expression studies have shown that inhibition of myostatin and TGF-β1 signaling consistently leads to a significant reduction in expression of Mss51, also named Zmynd17. The function of mammalian Mss51 is unknown although a putative homolog in yeast is a mitochondrial translational activator. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to characterize mammalian Mss51. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot of subcellular fractionation were used to determine expression patterns and localization of Mss51. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to reduce expression of Mss51 in C2C12 myoblasts and the function of Mss51 was evaluated in assays of proliferation, differentiation and cellular metabolism. RESULTS Mss51 was predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and in those muscles dominated by fast-twitch fibers. In vitro, its expression was upregulated upon differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes. Expression of Mss51 was modulated in response to altered TGF-β family signaling. In human muscle, Mss51 localized to the mitochondria. Its genetic disruption resulted in increased levels of cellular ATP, β-oxidation, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Mss51 is a novel, skeletal muscle-specific gene and a key target of myostatin and TGF-β1 signaling. Unlike myostatin, TGF-β1 and IGF-1, Mss51 does not regulate myoblast proliferation or differentiation. Rather, Mss51 appears to be one of the effectors of these growth factors on metabolic processes including fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Moyer
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Wagner
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Roloff GA, Henry MF. Mam33 promotes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2885-94. [PMID: 26108620 PMCID: PMC4571327 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome is dependent on gene-specific translational activators. Mam33, the yeast homologue of p32/gC1qR/C1QBP/HABP1, promotes the translation of Cox1, a core catalytic subunit of respiratory chain complex IV. Three mitochondrial DNA–encoded proteins, Cox1, Cox2, and Cox3, comprise the core of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. Gene-specific translational activators ensure that these respiratory chain subunits are synthesized at the correct location and in stoichiometric ratios to prevent unassembled protein products from generating free oxygen radicals. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nuclear-encoded proteins Mss51 and Pet309 specifically activate mitochondrial translation of the largest subunit, Cox1. Here we report that Mam33 is a third COX1 translational activator in yeast mitochondria. Mam33 is required for cells to adapt efficiently from fermentation to respiration. In the absence of Mam33, Cox1 translation is impaired, and cells poorly adapt to respiratory conditions because they lack basal fermentative levels of Cox1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Roloff
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084
| | - Michael F Henry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Miao Y, Yang J, Xu Z, Jing L, Zhao S, Li X. RNA sequencing identifies upregulated kyphoscoliosis peptidase and phosphatidic acid signaling pathways in muscle hypertrophy generated by transgenic expression of myostatin propeptide. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7976-94. [PMID: 25860951 PMCID: PMC4425062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, plays a crucial negative role in muscle growth. MSTN mutations or inhibitions can dramatically increase muscle mass in most mammal species. Previously, we generated a transgenic mouse model of muscle hypertrophy via the transgenic expression of the MSTN N-terminal propeptide cDNA under the control of the skeletal muscle-specific MLC1 promoter. Here, we compare the mRNA profiles between transgenic mice and wild-type littermate controls with a high-throughput RNA sequencing method. The results show that 132 genes were significantly differentially expressed between transgenic mice and wild-type control mice; 97 of these genes were up-regulated, and 35 genes were down-regulated in the skeletal muscle. Several genes that had not been reported to be involved in muscle hypertrophy were identified, including up-regulated myosin binding protein H (mybph), and zinc metallopeptidase STE24 (Zmpste24). In addition, kyphoscoliosis peptidase (Ky), which plays a vital role in muscle growth, was also up-regulated in the transgenic mice. Interestingly, a pathway analysis based on grouping the differentially expressed genes uncovered that cardiomyopathy-related pathways and phosphatidic acid (PA) pathways (Dgki, Dgkz, Plcd4) were up-regulated. Increased PA signaling may increase mTOR signaling, resulting in skeletal muscle growth. The findings of the RNA sequencing analysis help to understand the molecular mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy caused by MSTN inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jinzeng Yang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Zhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lu Jing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hildenbeutel M, Hegg EL, Stephan K, Gruschke S, Meunier B, Ott M. Assembly factors monitor sequential hemylation of cytochrome b to regulate mitochondrial translation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:511-24. [PMID: 24841564 PMCID: PMC4033779 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201401009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes convert chemical energy into a membrane potential by connecting electron transport with charge separation. Electron transport relies on redox cofactors that occupy strategic positions in the complexes. How these redox cofactors are assembled into the complexes is not known. Cytochrome b, a central catalytic subunit of complex III, contains two heme bs. Here, we unravel the sequence of events in the mitochondrial inner membrane by which cytochrome b is hemylated. Heme incorporation occurs in a strict sequential process that involves interactions of the newly synthesized cytochrome b with assembly factors and structural complex III subunits. These interactions are functionally connected to cofactor acquisition that triggers the progression of cytochrome b through successive assembly intermediates. Failure to hemylate cytochrome b sequesters the Cbp3-Cbp6 complex in early assembly intermediates, thereby causing a reduction in cytochrome b synthesis via a feedback loop that senses hemylation of cytochrome b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hildenbeutel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric L Hegg
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Katharina Stephan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steffi Gruschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ostojić J, Glatigny A, Herbert CJ, Dujardin G, Bonnefoy N. Does the study of genetic interactions help predict the function of mitochondrial proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae? Biochimie 2013; 100:27-37. [PMID: 24262604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles of eukaryotic cells that contain their own genome, encoding key subunits of the respiratory complexes. The successive steps of mitochondrial gene expression are intimately linked, and are under the control of a large number of nuclear genes encoding factors that are imported into mitochondria. Investigating the relationships between these genes and their interaction networks, and whether they reveal direct or indirect partners, can shed light on their role in mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as identify new actors in this process. These studies, mainly developed in yeasts, are significant because mammalian equivalents of such yeast genes are candidate genes in mitochondrial pathologies. In practice, studies of physical, chemical and genetic interactions can be undertaken. The search for genetic interactions, either aggravating or alleviating the phenotype of the starting mutants, has proved to be particularly powerful in yeast since even subtle changes in respiratory phenotypes can be screened in a very efficient way. In addition, several high throughput genetic approaches have recently been developed. In this review we analyze the genetic network of three genes involved in different steps of mitochondrial gene expression, from the transcription and translation of mitochondrial RNAs to the insertion of newly synthesized proteins into the inner mitochondrial membrane, and we examine their relevance to our understanding of mitochondrial biogenesis. We find that these genetic interactions are seldom redundant with physical interactions, and thus bring a considerable amount of original and significant information as well as open new areas of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ostojić
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR3404 Associated to the University Paris XI-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Annie Glatigny
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR3404 Associated to the University Paris XI-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Christopher J Herbert
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR3404 Associated to the University Paris XI-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Geneviève Dujardin
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR3404 Associated to the University Paris XI-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Bonnefoy
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR3404 Associated to the University Paris XI-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|