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Kim HY, Jang HJ, Muthamil S, Shin UC, Lyu JH, Kim SW, Go Y, Park SH, Lee HG, Park JH. Novel insights into regulators and functional modulators of adipogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117073. [PMID: 38981239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a process that differentiates new adipocytes from precursor cells and is tightly regulated by several factors, including many transcription factors and various post-translational modifications. Recently, new roles of adipogenesis have been suggested in various diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional modulation of these adipogenic genes remain poorly understood. This review summarizes the regulatory factors and modulators of adipogenesis and discusses future research directions to identify novel mechanisms regulating adipogenesis and the effects of adipogenic regulators in pathological conditions. The master adipogenic transcriptional factors PPARγ and C/EBPα were identified along with other crucial regulatory factors such as SREBP, Kroxs, STAT5, Wnt, FOXO1, SWI/SNF, KLFs, and PARPs. These transcriptional factors regulate adipogenesis through specific mechanisms, depending on the adipogenic stage. However, further studies related to the in vivo role of newly discovered adipogenic regulators and their function in various diseases are needed to develop new potent therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yong Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 123, Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Subramanian Muthamil
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ung Cheol Shin
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyo Lyu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Wook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM)-application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic and Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Bouhamida E, Vadakke-Madathil S, Mathiyalagan P, Ranjan AK, Sherman CD, Miller PE, Ghetti A, Abi-Gerges N, Chaudhry HW. Single nucleus transcriptomics supports a role for CCNA2-induced human adult cardiomyocyte cytokinesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.01.583057. [PMID: 38948744 PMCID: PMC11212892 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.01.583057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin A2 (CCNA2) is a master regulatory gene of the cell cycle that is normally silenced in postnatal mammalian cardiomyocytes. We have previously demonstrated that it can induce significant cardiac repair in both small and large animals when delivered to the heart via a viral vector. To date, whether CCNA2 gene delivery can induce cytokinesis in isolated cardiomyocytes from adult human hearts has not been investigated. Therefore, we designed a human gene therapy vector featuring a replication-deficient, E1/E3-deleted human adenovirus five encoding human CCNA2 driven by the cardiac Troponin T promoter to enable the expression of CCNA2 in freshly isolated human cardiomyocytes. Utilizing time-lapse microscopy live imaging of cultured adult human cardiomyocytes isolated from a 21-year-old male, 41-year-old female, and 55-year-old male, we now report that human adult cardiomyocytes can be induced to undergo complete cytokinesis in response to CCNA2 gene delivery with preservation of sarcomere integrity in the resulting daughter cells. To elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of CCNA2-dependent gene regulation in governing cardiomyocyte cytokinesis, we conducted single nucleus transcriptomics (snRNA-seq, 10X Genomics) analysis in hearts isolated from adult transgenic mice that constitutively express CCNA2 in cardiomyocytes (CCNA2-Tg) and non-transgenic mice (nTg). Remarkably, we identified a subpopulation of cardiomyocytes enriched with cytokinesis, proliferative, and reprogramming genes in hearts obtained from CCNA2-Tg mice as compared to hearts obtained from nTg mice. We also performed bulk RNA sequencing of human adult and fetal hearts, and we identified key reprogramming genes that are involved in CCNA2-induced cytokinesis. These results provide a compelling path forward for the clinical development of cardiac regenerative therapy based on strategic manipulation of the cardiomyocyte cell cycle.
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Foss-Freitas MC, Gilio D, da Rocha AM, Pais L, O'Leary MC, Rehm HL, Neidert A, Udler MS, Seale P, Oral EA, Chun TH. Early B-cell transcription factor-2 defect as a novel cause of lipodystrophy: disruption of the adipose tissue character and integrity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.24.24309093. [PMID: 38978649 PMCID: PMC11230304 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.24309093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
We report a novel cause of partial lipodystrophy associated with early B cell factor 2 (EBF2) nonsense variant (EBF2 8:26033143 C>A, c.493G>T, p.E165X) in a patient with an atypical form of partial lipodystrophy. The patient presented with progressive adipose tissue loss and metabolic deterioration at pre-pubertal age. In vitro and in vivo disease modeling demonstrates that the EBF2 variant impairs adipogenesis, causing excess accumulation of undifferentiated CD34+ cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and inflammatory myeloid cells in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Thus, this EBF2 p.E165X variant disrupts adipose tissue structure and function, leading to the development of partial lipodystrophy syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Foss-Freitas
- Caswell Diabetes Institute and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Donatella Gilio
- Caswell Diabetes Institute and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro da Rocha
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lynn Pais
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Melanie C O'Leary
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Neidert
- Caswell Diabetes Institute and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Elif A Oral
- Caswell Diabetes Institute and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tae-Hwa Chun
- Caswell Diabetes Institute and Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Boychenko S, Egorova VS, Brovin A, Egorov AD. White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:790. [PMID: 38931457 PMCID: PMC11206576 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic, as currently more than half a billion people worldwide are obese. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and combines a contribution of hereditary and behavioral factors, such as nutritional inadequacy, along with the influences of environment and reduced physical activity. Two types of adipose tissue widely known are white and brown. While white adipose tissue functions predominantly as a key energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a greater mass of mitochondria and expresses the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene, which allows thermogenesis and rapid catabolism. Even though white and brown adipocytes are of different origin, activation of the brown adipocyte differentiation program in white adipose tissue cells forces them to transdifferentiate into "beige" adipocytes, characterized by thermogenesis and intensive lipolysis. Nowadays, researchers in the field of small molecule medicinal chemistry and gene therapy are making efforts to develop new drugs that effectively overcome insulin resistance and counteract obesity. Here, we discuss various aspects of white-to-beige conversion, adipose tissue catabolic re-activation, and non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Boychenko
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Andrew Brovin
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
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Nagy G, Bojcsuk D, Tzerpos P, Cseh T, Nagy L. Lineage-determining transcription factor-driven promoters regulate cell type-specific macrophage gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4234-4256. [PMID: 38348998 PMCID: PMC11077085 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian promoters consist of multifarious elements, which make them unique and support the selection of the proper transcript variants required under diverse conditions in distinct cell types. However, their direct DNA-transcription factor (TF) interactions are mostly unidentified. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) are a widely used model for studying gene expression regulation. Thus, this model serves as a rich source of various next-generation sequencing data sets, including a large number of TF cistromes. By processing and integrating the available cistromic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data from BMDMs, we characterized the macrophage-specific direct DNA-TF interactions, with a particular emphasis on those specific for promoters. Whilst active promoters are enriched for certain types of typically methylatable elements, more than half of them contain non-methylatable and prototypically promoter-distal elements. In addition, circa 14% of promoters-including that of Csf1r-are composed exclusively of 'distal' elements that provide cell type-specific gene regulation by specialized TFs. Similar to CG-rich promoters, these also contain methylatable CG sites that are demethylated in a significant portion and show high polymerase activity. We conclude that this unusual class of promoters regulates cell type-specific gene expression in macrophages, and such a mechanism might exist in other cell types too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Bojcsuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tímea Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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Cui X, Cao Q, Li F, Jing J, Liu Z, Yang X, Schwartz GJ, Yu L, Shi H, Shi H, Xue B. The histone methyltransferase SUV420H2 regulates brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e164771. [PMID: 38713533 PMCID: PMC11382888 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis increases energy expenditure and alleviates obesity. Here we discover that histone methyltransferase suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog 2 (Suv420h2) expression parallels that of Ucp1 in brown and beige adipocytes and that Suv420h2 knockdown significantly reduces - whereas Suv420h2 overexpression significantly increases - Ucp1 levels in brown adipocytes. Suv420h2 knockout (H2KO) mice exhibit impaired cold-induced thermogenesis and are prone to diet-induced obesity. In contrast, mice with specific overexpression of Suv420h2 in adipocytes display enhanced cold-induced thermogenesis and are resistant to diet-induced obesity. Further study shows that Suv420h2 catalyzes H4K20 trimethylation at eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) promoter, leading to downregulated expression of 4e-bp1, a negative regulator of the translation initiation complex. This in turn upregulates PGC1α protein levels, and this upregulation is associated with increased expression of thermogenic program. We conclude that Suv420h2 is a key regulator of brown/beige adipocyte development and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fenfen Li
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jia Jing
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhixue Liu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Ghesmati Z, Rashid M, Fayezi S, Gieseler F, Alizadeh E, Darabi M. An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:279-308. [PMID: 38051471 PMCID: PMC10942928 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates energy as heat for thermoregulation. Beige adipose tissue is a hybrid form of adipose tissue that shares characteristics with WAT and BAT. Dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism is linked to various disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infertility. Both brown and beige adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such as batokines, packaged in extracellular vesicles or as soluble signaling molecules that play autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles. A greater understanding of the adipocyte secretome is essential for identifying novel molecular targets in treating metabolic disorders. Additionally, microRNAs show crucial roles in regulating adipose tissue differentiation and function, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for metabolic disorders. The browning of WAT has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in treating obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Many browning agents have been identified, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance their efficacy. This review scrutinizes the characteristics of and differences between white, brown, and beige adipose tissues, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the adipocytes, the significant roles of batokines, and regulatory microRNAs active in different adipose tissues. Finally, the potential of WAT browning in treating obesity and atherosclerosis, the relationship of BAT with cancer and fertility disorders, and the crosstalk between adipose tissue with circadian system and circadian disorders are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghesmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Fayezi
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Gieseler
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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Guo G, Wang W, Tu M, Zhao B, Han J, Li J, Pan Y, Zhou J, Ma W, Liu Y, Sun T, Han X, An Y. Deciphering adipose development: Function, differentiation and regulation. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38516819 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The overdevelopment of adipose tissues, accompanied by excess lipid accumulation and energy storage, leads to adipose deposition and obesity. With the increasing incidence of obesity in recent years, obesity is becoming a major risk factor for human health, causing various relevant diseases (including hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis and cancers). Therefore, it is of significance to antagonize obesity to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases. Excess lipid accumulation in adipose tissues is mediated by adipocyte hypertrophy (expansion of pre-existing adipocytes) or hyperplasia (increase of newly-formed adipocytes). It is necessary to prevent excessive accumulation of adipose tissues by controlling adipose development. Adipogenesis is exquisitely regulated by many factors in vivo and in vitro, including hormones, cytokines, gender and dietary components. The present review has concluded a comprehensive understanding of adipose development including its origin, classification, distribution, function, differentiation and molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis, which may provide potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing obesity without impairing adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengjie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiayang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanbing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Zhou WY, Liu P, Xia YF, Shi YJ, Xu HY, Ding M, Yang QQ, Qian SW, Tang Y, Lu Y, Tang QQ, Liu Y. NR2F6 is essential for brown adipocyte differentiation and systemic metabolic homeostasis. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101891. [PMID: 38307386 PMCID: PMC10864868 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) development and function are essential for maintaining energy balance. However, the key factors that specifically regulate brown adipogenesis require further identification. Here, we demonstrated that the nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 (NR2F6) played a pivotal role in brown adipogenesis and energy homeostasis. METHODS We examined the differentiation of immortalized brown adipocytes and primary brown adipocytes when NR2F6 were deleted, and explored the mechanism through which NR2F6 regulated adipogenesis using ChIP-qPCR in vitro. Male wild type (WT) and Pdgfra-Cre-mediated deletion of Nr2f6 in preadipocytes (NR2F6-PKO) mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, and adiposity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and inflammation were assessed. RESULTS NR2F6 exhibited abundant expression in BAT, while its expression was minimal in white adipose tissue (WAT). Within BAT, NR2F6 was highly expressed in preadipocytes, experienced a transient increase in the early stage of brown adipocyte differentiation, and significantly decreased in the mature adipocytes. Depletion of NR2F6 in preadipocytes inhibited brown adipogenesis, caused hypertrophy of brown adipocytes, and impaired thermogenic function of BAT, but without affecting WAT development. NR2F6 transcriptionally regulated PPARγ expression to promote adipogenic process in brown adipocytes. Loss of NR2F6 in preadipocytes led to increased susceptibility to diet-induced metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Our findings unveiled NR2F6 as a novel key regulator of brown adipogenesis, potentially opening up new avenues for maintaining metabolic homeostasis by targeting NR2F6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Fan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi-Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Wen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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10
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Li B, Liu S, He Z, Luo E, Liu H. The role of zinc finger proteins in the fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 167:106507. [PMID: 38142772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) constitute a crucial group of transcription factors widely present in various organisms. They act as transcription factors, nucleases, and RNA-binding proteins, playing significant roles in cell differentiation, growth, and development. With extensive research on ZFPs, their roles in the determination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) fate during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation processes have become increasingly clear. ZFP521, for instance, is identified as an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway and RUNX2's transcriptional activity, effectively suppressing osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, ZFP217 contributes to the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation by reducing the M6A level of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1). In addition, other ZFPs can also influence the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic controls, participating in the subsequent differentiation and maturation of precursor cells. Given the prevalent occurrence of osteoporosis, obesity, and related metabolic disorders, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms balancing bone and fat metabolism is essential, with a particular focus on the fate determination of MSCs in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of how zinc finger proteins influence the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs through different signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, we outline the regulatory mechanisms of ZFPs in controlling osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation based on various stages of MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Yao B, Xing M, Meng S, Li S, Zhou J, Zhang M, Yang C, Qu S, Jin Y, Yuan H, Zen K, Ma C. EBF2 Links KMT2D-Mediated H3K4me1 to Suppress Pancreatic Cancer Progression via Upregulating KLLN. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302037. [PMID: 38015024 PMCID: PMC10787067 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mono-methylation of histone H3 on Lys 4 (H3K4me1), which is catalyzed by histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D), serves as an important epigenetic regulator in transcriptional control. In this study, the authors identify early B-cell factor 2 (EBF2) as a binding protein of H3K4me1. Combining analyses of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data, the authors further identify killin (KLLN) as a transcriptional target of KMT2D and EBF2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. KMT2D-dependent H3K4me1 and EBF2 are predominantly over-lapped proximal to the transcription start site (TSS) of KLLN gene. Comprehensive functional assays show that KMT2D and EBF2 cooperatively inhibit PDAC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion through upregulating KLLN. Such inhibition on PDAC progression is also achieved through increasing H3K4me1 level by GSK-LSD1, a selective inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Taken together, these findings reveal a new mechanism underlying PDAC progression and provide potential therapeutic targets for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yao
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Mengying Xing
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Shixin Meng
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Shang Li
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Jingwan Zhou
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Chen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China
| | - Shuang Qu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical University639 Longmian AvenueNanjingJiangsu211198China
| | - Yucui Jin
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC20007USA
| | - Ke Zen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China
| | - Changyan Ma
- Department of Medical GeneticsNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of XenotransplantationNanjing Medical University101 Longmian AvenueNanjing211166China
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12
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Kesharwani D, Brown AC. Navigating the Adipocyte Precursor Niche: Cell-Cell Interactions, Regulatory Mechanisms and Implications for Adipose Tissue Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2024; 5:65-86. [PMID: 38826152 PMCID: PMC11141760 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.5.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Support for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation hinges upon the intricate microenvironment termed the stem cell 'niche'. Within the adipose tissue stem cell niche, diverse cell types, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, mural cells, and adipocytes, intricately regulate the function of adipocyte precursors. These interactions, whether direct or indirect, play a pivotal role in governing the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of adipocyte precursors into adipocytes. The mechanisms orchestrating the maintenance and coordination of this niche are still in the early stages of comprehension, despite their crucial role in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis. The complexity of understanding adipocyte precursor renewal and differentiation is amplified due to the challenges posed by the absence of suitable surface receptors for identification, limitations in creating optimal ex vivo culture conditions for expansion and constraints in conducting in vivo studies. This review delves into the current landscape of knowledge surrounding adipocyte precursors within the adipose stem cell niche. We will review the identification of adipocyte precursors, the cell-cell interactions they engage in, the factors influencing their renewal and commitment toward adipocytes and the transformations they undergo during instances of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Kesharwani
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Aaron C. Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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13
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Zhang Z, Xu L, Zhang L, Lu J, Peng Z, Guo X, Gao J. Transcriptomics profiling reveal the heterogeneity of white and brown adipocyte. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2023; 55:423-433. [PMID: 37906396 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The marker genes associated with white adipocytes and brown adipocytes have been previously identified; however, these markers have not been updated in several years, and the differentiation process of preadipocytes remains relatively fixed. Consequently, there has been a lack of exploration into alternative differentiation schemes. In this particular study, we present a transcriptional signature specific to brown adipocytes and white adipocytes. Notably, our findings reveal that ZNF497, ZIC1, ZFY, UTY, USP9Y, TXLNGY, TTTY14, TNNT3, TNNT2, TNNT1, TNNI1, TNNC1, TDRD15, SOX11, SLN, SFRP2, PRKY, PAX3KLHL40, PAX3, INKA2-AS1, SOX11, and TDRD15 exhibit high expression levels in brown adipocytes. XIST, HOXA10, PCAT19, HOXA7, PLSCR3, and AVPR1A exhibited high expression levels in white adipocytes, suggesting their potential as novel marker genes for the transition from white to brown adipocytes. Furthermore, our analysis revealed the coordinated activation of several pathways, including the PPAR signaling pathway, focal adhesion, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and thermogenesis pathways, in brown adipocytes. Moreover, in contrast to prevailing culture techniques, we conducted a comparative analysis of the differentiation protocols for white preadipocytes and brown preadipocytes, revealing that the differentiation outcome remained unaffected by the diverse culture schemes employed. However, the expression levels of certain marker genes in both adipocyte types were found to be altered. This investigation not only identified potential novel marker genes for adipocytes but also examined the impact of different differentiation methods on preadipocyte maturation. Consequently, these findings offer significant insights for further research on the differentiation processes of diverse adipocyte subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Liling Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | | | - Zhou Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Jianfang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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14
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You W, Xu Z, Chen W, Yang X, Liu S, Wang L, Tu Y, Zhou Y, Valencak TG, Wang Y, Kuang S, Shan T. Cellular and Transcriptional Dynamics during Brown Adipose Tissue Regeneration under Acute Injury. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0268. [PMID: 38434240 PMCID: PMC10907023 DOI: 10.34133/research.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the major site of non-shivering thermogenesis and crucial for systemic metabolism. Under chronic cold exposures and high-fat diet challenges, BAT undergoes robust remodeling to adapt to physiological demands. However, whether and how BAT regenerates after acute injuries are poorly understood. Here, we established a novel BAT injury and regeneration model (BAT-IR) in mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq to determine cellular and transcriptomic dynamics during BAT-IR. We further defined distinct fibro-adipogenic and myeloid progenitor populations contributing to BAT regeneration. Cell trajectory and gene expression analyses uncovered the involvement of MAPK, Wnt, and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways in BAT regeneration. We confirmed the role of Hh signaling in BAT development through Myf5Cre-mediated conditional knockout (cKO) of the Sufu gene to activate Hh signaling in BAT and muscle progenitors. Our BAT-IR model therefore provides a paradigm to identify conserved cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying BAT development and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Jun S, Angueira AR, Fein EC, Tan JME, Weller AH, Cheng L, Batmanov K, Ishibashi J, Sakers AP, Stine RR, Seale P. Control of murine brown adipocyte development by GATA6. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2195-2205.e5. [PMID: 37647897 PMCID: PMC10842351 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that protects animals against hypothermia and obesity. BAT derives from the multipotent paraxial mesoderm; however, the identity of embryonic brown fat progenitor cells and regulators of adipogenic commitment are unclear. Here, we performed single-cell gene expression analyses of mesenchymal cells during mouse embryogenesis with a focus on BAT development. We identified cell populations associated with the development of BAT, including Dpp4+ cells that emerge at the onset of adipogenic commitment. Immunostaining and lineage-tracing studies show that Dpp4+ cells constitute the BAT fascia and contribute minorly as adipocyte progenitors. Additionally, we identified the transcription factor GATA6 as a marker of brown adipogenic progenitor cells. Deletion of Gata6 in the brown fat lineage resulted in a striking loss of BAT. Together, these results identify progenitor and transitional cells in the brown adipose lineage and define a crucial role for GATA6 in BAT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Jun
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony R Angueira
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ethan C Fein
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine M E Tan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Angela H Weller
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kirill Batmanov
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeff Ishibashi
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander P Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel R Stine
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health and highlight some recent developments in understanding and exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue plays critical roles in the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism and secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has a detrimental impact on metabolic health and is intimately involved in key aspects of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, lipid overload, inflammation, and organelle stress. Differences in the distribution of fat depots and adipose characteristics relate to divergent degrees of metabolic dysfunction found in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning as a metabolic sink and participating in crosstalk with other metabolic organs. Manipulation of adipose tissue provides a wealth of opportunities to intervene and combat the progression of associated metabolic diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs and touch upon emerging strategies with therapeutic potential including exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis, and administration or inhibition of adipocyte-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min An
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John C. Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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17
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Zhong Y, Wang Y, Li X, Qin H, Yan S, Rao C, Fan D, Liu D, Deng F, Miao Y, Yang L, Huang K. PRMT4 Facilitates White Adipose Tissue Browning and Thermogenesis by Methylating PPARγ. Diabetes 2023; 72:1095-1111. [PMID: 37216643 PMCID: PMC10382653 DOI: 10.2337/db22-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health threat, and the induction of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning presents a promising therapeutic method for it. Recent publications revealed the essential role of protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, but its involvement in WAT browning has not been investigated. Our initial studies found that the expression of PRMT4 in adipocytes was upregulated in cold-induced WAT browning but downregulated in obesity. Besides, PRMT4 overexpression in inguinal adipose tissue accelerated WAT browning and thermogenesis to protect against high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic disruptions. Mechanistically, our work demonstrated that PRMT4 methylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) on Arg240 to enhance its interaction with the coactivator PR domain-containing protein 16 (PRDM16), leading to the increased expression of thermogenic genes. Taken together, our results uncover the essential role of the PRMT4/PPARγ/PRDM16 axis in the pathogenesis of WAT browning. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) expression was upregulated during cold exposure and negatively correlated with body mass of mice and humans. PRMT4 overexpression in inguinal white adipose tissue of mice improved high-fat diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic impairment due to enhanced heat production. PRMT4 methylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ on Arg240 and facilitated the binding of the coactivator PR domain-containing protein 16 to initiate adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. PRMT4-dependent methylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ on Arg240 is important in the process of inguinal white adipose tissue browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojie Qin
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caijun Rao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Duqiu Liu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Liyuan Cardiovascular Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yanli Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan, China
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18
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Wang B, Du M. Increasing adipocyte number and reducing adipocyte size: the role of retinoids in adipose tissue development and metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37427553 PMCID: PMC10776826 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity is a grave public health threat. In response to excessive energy intake, adipocyte hypertrophy impairs cellular function and leads to metabolic dysfunctions while de novo adipogenesis leads to healthy adipose tissue expansion. Through burning fatty acids and glucose, the thermogenic activity of brown/beige adipocytes can effectively reduce the size of adipocytes. Recent studies show that retinoids, especially retinoic acid (RA), promote adipose vascular development which in turn increases the number of adipose progenitors surrounding the vascular vessels. RA also promotes preadipocyte commitment. In addition, RA promotes white adipocyte browning and stimulates the thermogenic activity of brown/beige adipocytes. Thus, vitamin A is a promising anti-obesity micronutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Min Du
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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19
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Wang C, Wang X, Hu W. Molecular and cellular regulation of thermogenic fat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215772. [PMID: 37465124 PMCID: PMC10351381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic fat, consisting of brown and beige adipocytes, dissipates energy in the form of heat, in contrast to the characteristics of white adipocytes that store energy. Increasing energy expenditure by activating brown adipocytes or inducing beige adipocytes is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thermogenesis provides novel therapeutic interventions for metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the molecular regulation of thermogenesis, focusing on transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, metabolites, and non-coding RNAs. We further discuss the intercellular and inter-organ crosstalk that regulate thermogenesis, considering the heterogeneity and complex tissue microenvironment of thermogenic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianju Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Jiang T, Su D, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang L. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Fibroblast Growth Factor 11 (FGF11) Role in Brown Adipocytes in Thermogenic Regulation of Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10838. [PMID: 37446019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main site of adaptive thermogenesis, generates heat to maintain body temperature upon cold exposure, and protects against obesity by promoting energy expenditure. RNA-seq analysis revealed that FGF11 is enriched in BAT. However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of FGF11 in BAT thermogenesis are still limited. In this study, we found that FGF11 was significantly enriched in goat BAT compared with white adipose tissue (WAT). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that FGF11 promoted differentiation and thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. However, FGF11 had no effect on white adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, FGF11 promoted the expression of the UCP1 protein and an EBF2 element was responsible for UCP1 promoter activity. Additionally, FGF11 induced UCP1 gene expression through promoting EBF2 binding to the UCP1 promoter. These results revealed that FGF11 promotes differentiation and thermogenesis in brown adipocytes but not in white adipocytes of goats. These findings provide evidence for FGF11 and transcription factor regulatory functions in controlling brown adipose thermogenesis of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Duo Su
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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21
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Wu G, Baumeister R, Heimbucher T. Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid-Based Metabolic Adaptation Strategies in Response to Cold. Cells 2023; 12:1353. [PMID: 37408188 PMCID: PMC10216534 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature changes and periods of detrimental cold occur frequently for many organisms in their natural habitats. Homeothermic animals have evolved metabolic adaptation strategies to increase mitochondrial-based energy expenditure and heat production, largely relying on fat as a fuel source. Alternatively, certain species are able to repress their metabolism during cold periods and enter a state of decreased physiological activity known as torpor. By contrast, poikilotherms, which are unable to maintain their internal temperature, predominantly increase membrane fluidity to diminish cold-related damage from low-temperature stress. However, alterations of molecular pathways and the regulation of lipid-metabolic reprogramming during cold exposure are poorly understood. Here, we review organismal responses that adjust fat metabolism during detrimental cold stress. Cold-related changes in membranes are detected by membrane-bound sensors, which signal to downstream transcriptional effectors, including nuclear hormone receptors of the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) subfamily. PPARs control lipid metabolic processes, such as fatty acid desaturation, lipid catabolism and mitochondrial-based thermogenesis. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of cold adaptation may improve beneficial therapeutic cold treatments and could have important implications for medical applications of hypothermia in humans. This includes treatment strategies for hemorrhagic shock, stroke, obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heimbucher
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Portales AE, Miguel I, Rodriguez MJ, Novaro V, Gambaro SE, Giovambattista A. CDK4/6 are necessary for UCP1-mediated thermogenesis of white adipose tissue. Life Sci 2023; 322:121652. [PMID: 37011871 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In white adipose tissue (WAT) the cell cycle regulators CDK4 and CDK6 (CDK4/6) promote adipogenesis and maintain the adipocyte mature state. Here we aimed to investigate their role in the Ucp1-mediated thermogenesis of WAT depots and in the biogenesis of beige adipocytes. MAIN METHODS We treated mice with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib at room temperature (RT) or cold and analyzed thermogenic markers in the epididymal (abdominal) and inguinal (subcutaneous) WAT depots. We also assessed the effect of in vivo palbociclib-treatment on the percentage of beige precursors in the stroma vascular fraction (SVF), and on its beige adipogenic potential. Finally, we treated SVFs and mature adipocytes from WAT depots with palbociclib in vitro to study the role of CDK4/6 in beige adipocytes biogenesis. KEY FINDINGS In vivo CDK4/6 inhibition downregulated thermogenesis at RT and impaired cold-induced browning of both WAT depots. It also reduced the percentage of beige precursors and the beige adipogenic potential of the SVF upon differentiation. A similar result was observed with direct CDK4/6 inhibition in the SVF of control mice in vitro. Importantly, CDK4/6 inhibition also downregulated the thermogenic program of beige differentiated- and depots-derived adipocytes. SIGNIFICANCE CDK4/6 modulate Ucp1-mediated thermogenesis of WAT depots in basal and cold-stressing conditions controlling beige adipocytes biogenesis by adipogenesis and transdifferentiation. This shows a pivotal role of CDK4/6 in WAT browning that could be applied to fight obesity or browning-associated hypermetabolic conditions such as cancer cachexia.
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23
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Liu Y, Mu Y, Wang W, Ahmed Z, Wei X, Lei C, Ma Z. Analysis of genomic copy number variations through whole-genome scan in Chinese Qaidam cattle. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1148070. [PMID: 37065216 PMCID: PMC10103646 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1148070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Qaidam cattle (CDM) are indigenous breed inhabiting Northwest China. In the present study, we newly sequenced 20 Qaidam cattle to investigate the copy number variants (CNVs) based on the ARS-UMD1.2 reference genome. We generated the CNV region (CNVR) datasets to explore the genomic CNV diversity and population stratification. The other four cattle breeds (Xizang cattle, XZ; Kazakh cattle, HSK; Mongolian cattle, MG; and Yanbian cattle, YB) from the regions of North China embracing 43 genomic sequences were collected and are distinguished from each of the other diverse populations by deletions and duplications. We also observed that the number of duplications was significantly more than deletions in the genome, which may be less harmful to gene formation and function. At the same time, only 1.15% of CNVRs overlapped with the exon region. Population differential CNVRs and functional annotations between the Qaidam cattle population and other cattle breeds revealed the functional genes related to immunity (MUC6), growth (ADAMTSL3), and adaptability (EBF2). Our analysis has provided numerous genomic characteristics of some Chinese cattle breeds, which are valuable as customized biological molecular markers in cattle breeding and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkai Liu
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibet Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Xudong Wei
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibet Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xining, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Chuzhao Lei
| | - Zhijie Ma
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibet Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijie Ma
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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25
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Roth L, Johann K, Hönes GS, Oelkrug R, Wagner L, Hoffmann A, Krohn K, Moeller LC, Weiner J, Heiker JT, Klöting N, Tönjes A, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Mittag J, Krause K. Thyroid hormones regulate Zfp423 expression in regionally distinct adipose depots through direct and cell-autonomous action. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112088. [PMID: 36753417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis is a major regulator of many differentiation processes, including adipose tissue. However, it remains unclear whether and how thyroid hormone (TH) signaling contributes to preadipocyte commitment and differentiation into mature adipocytes. Here, we show a cell-autonomous effect of TH on the transcriptional regulation of zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423), an early adipogenic determination factor, in murine adipose depots. Mechanistically, binding of the unliganded TH receptor to a negative TH responsive element within the Zfp423 promoter activates transcriptional activity that is reversed upon TH binding. Zfp423 upregulation is associated with increased GFP+ preadipocyte recruitment in stromal vascular fraction isolated from white fat of hypothyroid Zfp423GFP reporter mice. RNA sequencing identified Zfp423-driven gene programs that are modulated in response to TH during adipogenic differentiation. Collectively, we identified Zfp423 as a key molecule that integrates TH signaling into the regulation of adipose tissue plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Roth
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes/Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes/Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Leonie Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- DNA Core Unit Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars C Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes/Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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26
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Crowder MK, Shrestha S, Cartailler J, Collins S. Protein kinase D1 (Prkd1) deletion in brown adipose tissue leads to altered myogenic gene expression after cold exposure, while thermogenesis remains intact. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15576. [PMID: 36807778 PMCID: PMC9937785 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has in recent times been rediscovered in adult humans, and together with work from preclinical models, has shown to have the potential of providing a variety of positive metabolic benefits. These include lower plasma glucose, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced susceptibility to obesity and its comorbidities. As such, its continued study could offer insights to therapeutically modulate this tissue to improve metabolic health. It has been reported that adipose-specific deletion of the gene for protein kinase D1 (Prkd1) in mice enhances mitochondrial respiration and improves whole-body glucose homeostasis. We sought to determine whether these effects were mediated specifically through brown adipocytes using a Prkd1 brown adipose tissue (BAT) Ucp1-Cre-specific knockout mouse model, Prkd1BKO . We unexpectedly observed that upon both cold exposure and β3 -AR agonist administration, Prkd1 loss in BAT did not alter canonical thermogenic gene expression or adipocyte morphology. We took an unbiased approach to assess whether other signaling pathways were affected. RNA from cold-exposed mice was subjected to RNA-Seq analysis. These studies revealed that myogenic gene expression is altered in Prkd1BKO BAT after both acute and extended cold exposure. Given that brown adipocytes and skeletal myocytes share a common precursor cell lineage expressing myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), these data suggest that loss of Prkd1 in BAT may alter the biology of mature brown adipocytes and preadipocytes in this depot. The data presented herein clarify the role of Prkd1 in BAT thermogenesis and present new avenues for the further study of Prkd1 function in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K. Crowder
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Creative Data Solutions Shared ResourceVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Sheila Collins
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University, School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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27
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Lin K, Yang Y, Cao Y, Liang J, Qian J, Wang X, Han Q. Combining single-cell transcriptomics and CellTagging to identify differentiation trajectories of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 36721241 PMCID: PMC9890798 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted great attention in the application of cell-based therapy because of their pluripotent differentiation and immunomodulatory ability. Due to the limited number of MSCs isolated from donor tissues, a large number of MSCs need to be expanded in a traditional two-dimensional cell culture device to obtain a sufficient therapeutic amount. However, long-term cultivation of MSCs in vitro has been proven to reduce their differentiation potential and change their immunomodulatory characteristics. We aimed to explore the cellular heterogeneity and differentiation potential of different MSCs expanded in vitro and reconstruct the complex cloning track of cells in the process of differentiation. METHODS Single cell transcriptome sequencing was combined with 'CellTagging', which is a composite barcode indexing method that can capture the cloning history and cell identity in parallel to track the differentiation process of the same cell over time. RESULTS Through the single-cell transcriptome and CellTagging, we found that the heterogeneity of human adipose tissue derived stem cells (hADSCs) in the early stage of culture was very limited. With the passage, the cells spontaneously differentiated during the process of division and proliferation, and the heterogeneity of the cells increased. By tracing the differentiation track of cells, we found most cells have the potential for multidirectional differentiation, while a few cells have the potential for unidirectional differentiation. One subpopulation of hADSCs with the specific osteoblast differentiation potential was traced from the early stage to the late stage, which indicates that the differentiation trajectories of the cells are determined in the early stages of lineage transformation. Further, considering that all genes related to osteogenic differentiation have not yet been determined, we identified that there are some genes that are highly expressed specifically in the hADSC subsets that can successfully differentiate into osteoblasts, such as Serpin Family E Member 2 (SERPINE2), Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 (SFRP1), Keratin 7 (KRT7), Peptidase Inhibitor 16 (PI16), and Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), which may be key regulatory genes for osteogenic induction, and finally proved that the SERPINE2 gene can promote the osteogenic process. CONCLUSION The results of this study contribute toward the exploration of the heterogeneity of hADSCs and improving our understanding of the influence of heterogeneity on the differentiation potential of cells. Through this study, we found that the SERPINE2 gene plays a decisive role in the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs, which lays a foundation for establishing a more novel and complete induction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qin Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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28
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Nakayama M, Okada H, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels heterogeneity of skeletal progenitors and cell-cell interactions underlying the bone repair process. Regen Ther 2022; 21:9-18. [PMID: 35619947 PMCID: PMC9127115 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activation of skeletal progenitors upon tissue injury and the subsequent cell fate specification are tightly coordinated in the bone repair process. Although known osteoimmunological signaling networks play important roles in the microenvironment of the bone defect sites, the molecular mechanism underlying the bone repair process has not been fully understood. Methods To better understand the behavior of the skeletal progenitors and the heterogeneity of the cells during bone repair at the microenvironmental level, we performed a combinatorial analysis consisting of lineage tracing for skeletal progenitors using the Sox9-CreERT2;R26R tdTomato mouse line followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis using a mouse model of calvarial bone repair. To identify a therapeutic target for bone regeneration, further computational analysis was performed focusing on the identification of the cell-cell interactions, followed by pharmacological assessments with a critical-size calvarial bone defect mouse model. Results Lineage tracing analysis showed that skeletal progenitors marked by Sox9 were activated upon bone injury and contributed to bone repair by differentiating into osteoblasts. The scRNA-seq analysis characterized heterogeneous cell populations at the bone defect sites; the computational analysis predicted a bifurcated lineage from skeletal progenitors toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 9 (Ccl9) was identified as a signaling molecule that regulates bone regeneration in the mouse model, possibly through the regulation of adipogenic differentiation at the bone defect site. Conclusion Multipotential skeletal progenitors and the direction of the cell differentiation were characterized at single cell resolution in a mouse bone repair model. The Ccl9 signaling pathway may be a key factor directing osteogenesis from the progenitors in the model and may be a therapeutic target for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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29
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Nakayama M, Okada H, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels heterogeneity of skeletal progenitors and cell-cell interactions underlying the bone repair process. Regen Ther 2022. [PMID: 35619947 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.001'||'] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activation of skeletal progenitors upon tissue injury and the subsequent cell fate specification are tightly coordinated in the bone repair process. Although known osteoimmunological signaling networks play important roles in the microenvironment of the bone defect sites, the molecular mechanism underlying the bone repair process has not been fully understood. Methods To better understand the behavior of the skeletal progenitors and the heterogeneity of the cells during bone repair at the microenvironmental level, we performed a combinatorial analysis consisting of lineage tracing for skeletal progenitors using the Sox9-CreERT2;R26R tdTomato mouse line followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis using a mouse model of calvarial bone repair. To identify a therapeutic target for bone regeneration, further computational analysis was performed focusing on the identification of the cell-cell interactions, followed by pharmacological assessments with a critical-size calvarial bone defect mouse model. Results Lineage tracing analysis showed that skeletal progenitors marked by Sox9 were activated upon bone injury and contributed to bone repair by differentiating into osteoblasts. The scRNA-seq analysis characterized heterogeneous cell populations at the bone defect sites; the computational analysis predicted a bifurcated lineage from skeletal progenitors toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 9 (Ccl9) was identified as a signaling molecule that regulates bone regeneration in the mouse model, possibly through the regulation of adipogenic differentiation at the bone defect site. Conclusion Multipotential skeletal progenitors and the direction of the cell differentiation were characterized at single cell resolution in a mouse bone repair model. The Ccl9 signaling pathway may be a key factor directing osteogenesis from the progenitors in the model and may be a therapeutic target for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Nakayama M, Okada H, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels heterogeneity of skeletal progenitors and cell-cell interactions underlying the bone repair process. Regen Ther 2022. [PMID: 35619947 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.001%' and 2*3*8=6*8 and 'qwim'!='qwim%] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activation of skeletal progenitors upon tissue injury and the subsequent cell fate specification are tightly coordinated in the bone repair process. Although known osteoimmunological signaling networks play important roles in the microenvironment of the bone defect sites, the molecular mechanism underlying the bone repair process has not been fully understood. Methods To better understand the behavior of the skeletal progenitors and the heterogeneity of the cells during bone repair at the microenvironmental level, we performed a combinatorial analysis consisting of lineage tracing for skeletal progenitors using the Sox9-CreERT2;R26R tdTomato mouse line followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis using a mouse model of calvarial bone repair. To identify a therapeutic target for bone regeneration, further computational analysis was performed focusing on the identification of the cell-cell interactions, followed by pharmacological assessments with a critical-size calvarial bone defect mouse model. Results Lineage tracing analysis showed that skeletal progenitors marked by Sox9 were activated upon bone injury and contributed to bone repair by differentiating into osteoblasts. The scRNA-seq analysis characterized heterogeneous cell populations at the bone defect sites; the computational analysis predicted a bifurcated lineage from skeletal progenitors toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 9 (Ccl9) was identified as a signaling molecule that regulates bone regeneration in the mouse model, possibly through the regulation of adipogenic differentiation at the bone defect site. Conclusion Multipotential skeletal progenitors and the direction of the cell differentiation were characterized at single cell resolution in a mouse bone repair model. The Ccl9 signaling pathway may be a key factor directing osteogenesis from the progenitors in the model and may be a therapeutic target for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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31
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Pan J, Kothan S, Moe Moe AT, Huang K. Dysfunction of insulin-AKT-UCP1 signalling inhibits transdifferentiation of human and mouse white preadipocytes into brown-like adipocytes. Adipocyte 2022; 11:213-226. [PMID: 35416120 PMCID: PMC9009895 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2062852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of insulin signaling on browning of white preadipocytes remains unclear. Human and mouse primary subcutaneous white preadipocytes (hsASCs and WT lean and obese msASCs, respectively) were induced to transdifferentiate into beige adipocytes under conditions of intact or blocked insulin signaling, respectively. Level of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) after induction of beige adipocytes under conditions of normal insulin signaling, phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), zinc-fifinger transcriptional factor PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain-containing protein 16 (PRDM16), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) were significantly increased. Conversely, when insulin signaling is incompletely inhibited, the expression of the thermogenic and adipogenic factors is significantly reduced, with obvious impairment of adipogenesis. However, phosphorylation level of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and expression level of sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) had increased. These white preadipocytes from different donors showed similar dynamic change in morphology and molecular levels during the browning. The present data indicate that insulin signaling plays a important role in regulation of browning of hsASCs and msASCs through PI3K-AKT-UCP1 signaling pathway. The insulin-AMPK-SIRT1 pathway was also involved in the adipocytes browning, while its effect is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- CONTACT Jie Pan College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University,, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, China
| | - Suchart Kothan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Suchart Kothan Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200Thailand
| | - Aye Thidar Moe Moe
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kun Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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32
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Corral A, Alcala M, Carmen Duran-Ruiz M, Arroba AI, Ponce-Gonzalez JG, Todorčević M, Serra D, Calderon-Dominguez M, Herrero L. Role of long non-coding RNAs in adipose tissue metabolism and associated pathologies. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Nakayama M, Okada H, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels heterogeneity of skeletal progenitors and cell-cell interactions underlying the bone repair process. Regen Ther 2022. [PMID: 35619947 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.001" and 2*3*8=6*8 and "ahpo"="ahpo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activation of skeletal progenitors upon tissue injury and the subsequent cell fate specification are tightly coordinated in the bone repair process. Although known osteoimmunological signaling networks play important roles in the microenvironment of the bone defect sites, the molecular mechanism underlying the bone repair process has not been fully understood. Methods To better understand the behavior of the skeletal progenitors and the heterogeneity of the cells during bone repair at the microenvironmental level, we performed a combinatorial analysis consisting of lineage tracing for skeletal progenitors using the Sox9-CreERT2;R26R tdTomato mouse line followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis using a mouse model of calvarial bone repair. To identify a therapeutic target for bone regeneration, further computational analysis was performed focusing on the identification of the cell-cell interactions, followed by pharmacological assessments with a critical-size calvarial bone defect mouse model. Results Lineage tracing analysis showed that skeletal progenitors marked by Sox9 were activated upon bone injury and contributed to bone repair by differentiating into osteoblasts. The scRNA-seq analysis characterized heterogeneous cell populations at the bone defect sites; the computational analysis predicted a bifurcated lineage from skeletal progenitors toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 9 (Ccl9) was identified as a signaling molecule that regulates bone regeneration in the mouse model, possibly through the regulation of adipogenic differentiation at the bone defect site. Conclusion Multipotential skeletal progenitors and the direction of the cell differentiation were characterized at single cell resolution in a mouse bone repair model. The Ccl9 signaling pathway may be a key factor directing osteogenesis from the progenitors in the model and may be a therapeutic target for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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34
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Nakayama M, Okada H, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels heterogeneity of skeletal progenitors and cell-cell interactions underlying the bone repair process. Regen Ther 2022. [PMID: 35619947 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.001' and 2*3*8=6*8 and 'l7zx'='l7zx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activation of skeletal progenitors upon tissue injury and the subsequent cell fate specification are tightly coordinated in the bone repair process. Although known osteoimmunological signaling networks play important roles in the microenvironment of the bone defect sites, the molecular mechanism underlying the bone repair process has not been fully understood. Methods To better understand the behavior of the skeletal progenitors and the heterogeneity of the cells during bone repair at the microenvironmental level, we performed a combinatorial analysis consisting of lineage tracing for skeletal progenitors using the Sox9-CreERT2;R26R tdTomato mouse line followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis using a mouse model of calvarial bone repair. To identify a therapeutic target for bone regeneration, further computational analysis was performed focusing on the identification of the cell-cell interactions, followed by pharmacological assessments with a critical-size calvarial bone defect mouse model. Results Lineage tracing analysis showed that skeletal progenitors marked by Sox9 were activated upon bone injury and contributed to bone repair by differentiating into osteoblasts. The scRNA-seq analysis characterized heterogeneous cell populations at the bone defect sites; the computational analysis predicted a bifurcated lineage from skeletal progenitors toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 9 (Ccl9) was identified as a signaling molecule that regulates bone regeneration in the mouse model, possibly through the regulation of adipogenic differentiation at the bone defect site. Conclusion Multipotential skeletal progenitors and the direction of the cell differentiation were characterized at single cell resolution in a mouse bone repair model. The Ccl9 signaling pathway may be a key factor directing osteogenesis from the progenitors in the model and may be a therapeutic target for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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35
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Nakayama M, Okada H, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels heterogeneity of skeletal progenitors and cell-cell interactions underlying the bone repair process. Regen Ther 2022. [PMID: 35619947 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.001'||dbms_pipe.receive_message(chr(98)||chr(98)||chr(98),15)||'] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activation of skeletal progenitors upon tissue injury and the subsequent cell fate specification are tightly coordinated in the bone repair process. Although known osteoimmunological signaling networks play important roles in the microenvironment of the bone defect sites, the molecular mechanism underlying the bone repair process has not been fully understood. Methods To better understand the behavior of the skeletal progenitors and the heterogeneity of the cells during bone repair at the microenvironmental level, we performed a combinatorial analysis consisting of lineage tracing for skeletal progenitors using the Sox9-CreERT2;R26R tdTomato mouse line followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis using a mouse model of calvarial bone repair. To identify a therapeutic target for bone regeneration, further computational analysis was performed focusing on the identification of the cell-cell interactions, followed by pharmacological assessments with a critical-size calvarial bone defect mouse model. Results Lineage tracing analysis showed that skeletal progenitors marked by Sox9 were activated upon bone injury and contributed to bone repair by differentiating into osteoblasts. The scRNA-seq analysis characterized heterogeneous cell populations at the bone defect sites; the computational analysis predicted a bifurcated lineage from skeletal progenitors toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 9 (Ccl9) was identified as a signaling molecule that regulates bone regeneration in the mouse model, possibly through the regulation of adipogenic differentiation at the bone defect site. Conclusion Multipotential skeletal progenitors and the direction of the cell differentiation were characterized at single cell resolution in a mouse bone repair model. The Ccl9 signaling pathway may be a key factor directing osteogenesis from the progenitors in the model and may be a therapeutic target for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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36
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Xiao H, Bozi LHM, Sun Y, Riley CL, Philip VM, Chen M, Li J, Zhang T, Mills EL, Emont MP, Sun W, Reddy A, Garrity R, Long J, Becher T, Vitas LP, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Ordonez M, Liu X, Chen X, Wang Y, Liu W, Tran N, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Cypess AM, White AP, He Y, Deng R, Schöder H, Paulo JA, Jedrychowski MP, Banks AS, Tseng YH, Cohen P, Tsai LT, Rosen ED, Klein S, Chondronikola M, McAllister FE, Van Bruggen N, Huttlin EL, Spiegelman BM, Churchill GA, Gygi SP, Chouchani ET. Architecture of the outbred brown fat proteome defines regulators of metabolic physiology. Cell 2022; 185:4654-4673.e28. [PMID: 36334589 PMCID: PMC10040263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulates metabolic physiology. However, nearly all mechanistic studies of BAT protein function occur in a single inbred mouse strain, which has limited the understanding of generalizable mechanisms of BAT regulation over physiology. Here, we perform deep quantitative proteomics of BAT across a cohort of 163 genetically defined diversity outbred mice, a model that parallels the genetic and phenotypic variation found in humans. We leverage this diversity to define the functional architecture of the outbred BAT proteome, comprising 10,479 proteins. We assign co-operative functions to 2,578 proteins, enabling systematic discovery of regulators of BAT. We also identify 638 proteins that correlate with protection from, or sensitivity to, at least one parameter of metabolic disease. We use these findings to uncover SFXN5, LETMD1, and ATP1A2 as modulators of BAT thermogenesis or adiposity, and provide OPABAT as a resource for understanding the conserved mechanisms of BAT regulation over metabolic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Luiz H M Bozi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yizhi Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher L Riley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mandy Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jiaming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Evanna L Mills
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Margo P Emont
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anita Reddy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Garrity
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiani Long
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tobias Becher
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laura Potano Vitas
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Martha Ordonez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nhien Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yitong Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew P White
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rebecca Deng
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | - Edward L Huttlin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Beiging of perivascular adipose tissue regulates its inflammation and vascular remodeling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5117. [PMID: 36071032 PMCID: PMC9452496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inflammation plays critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis, its regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been reported to undergo inflammatory changes in response to vascular injury. Here, we show that vascular injury induces the beiging (brown adipose tissue-like phenotype change) of PVAT, which fine-tunes inflammatory response and thus vascular remodeling as a protective mechanism. In a mouse model of endovascular injury, macrophages accumulate in PVAT, causing beiging phenotype change. Inhibition of PVAT beiging by genetically silencing PRDM16, a key regulator to beiging, exacerbates inflammation and vascular remodeling following injury. Conversely, activation of PVAT beiging attenuates inflammation and pathological vascular remodeling. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that beige adipocytes abundantly express neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) which critically regulate alternative macrophage activation. Importantly, significant beiging is observed in the diseased aortic PVAT in patients with acute aortic dissection. Taken together, vascular injury induces the beiging of adjacent PVAT with macrophage accumulation, where NRG4 secreted from the beige PVAT facilitates alternative activation of macrophages, leading to the resolution of vascular inflammation. Our study demonstrates the pivotal roles of PVAT in vascular inflammation and remodeling and will open a new avenue for treating atherosclerosis. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been reported to undergo inflammatory changes in response to vascular injury. Here, the authors show that vascular injury induces the beiging (brown adipose tissue-like phenotype change) of PVAT, which fine-tunes inflammatory response as a protective mechanism.
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38
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Machado SA, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, da Silva DS, Farias GR, de Oliveira Santos I, Baptista LB, Magalhães KG. Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 36068578 PMCID: PMC9446768 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are currently considered key endocrine organs, they differ functionally and morphologically. The existence of the beige or brite adipocytes, cells displaying intermediary characteristics between white and brown adipocytes, illustrates the plastic nature of the adipose tissue. These cells are generated through white adipose tissue browning, a process associated with augmented non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic capacity. This process involves the upregulation of the uncoupling protein 1, a molecule that uncouples the respiratory chain from Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, producing heat. β-3 adrenergic receptor system is one important mediator of white adipose tissue browning, during cold exposure. Surprisingly, hyperthermia may also induce beige activation and white adipose tissue beiging. Physical exercising copes with increased levels of specific molecules, including Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, irisin, and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which induce adipose tissue browning. FGF21 is a stress-responsive hormone that interacts with beta-klotho. The central roles played by hormones in the browning process highlight the relevance of the individual lifestyle, including circadian rhythm and diet. Circadian rhythm involves the sleep-wake cycle and is regulated by melatonin, a hormone associated with UCP1 level upregulation. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory and adipose tissue disrupting effects of the western diet, specific food items, including capsaicin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary interventions such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, favor white adipose tissue browning and metabolic efficiency. The intestinal microbiome has also been pictured as a key factor in regulating white tissue browning, as it modulates bile acid levels, important molecules for the thermogenic program activation. During embryogenesis, in which adipose tissue formation is affected by Bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate gene expression, the stimuli herein discussed influence an orchestra of gene expression regulators, including a plethora of transcription factors, and chromatin remodeling enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. Considering the detrimental effects of adipose tissue browning and the disparities between adipose tissue characteristics in mice and humans, further efforts will benefit a better understanding of adipose tissue plasticity biology and its applicability to managing the overwhelming burden of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Azevedo Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana Borges Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Fung CW, Zhou S, Zhu H, Wei X, Wu Z, Wu AR. Cell fate determining molecular switches and signaling pathways in Pax7-expressing somitic mesoderm. Cell Discov 2022; 8:61. [PMID: 35764624 PMCID: PMC9240041 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, different cell types originate from a common progenitor at well-defined time points. Previous lineage-tracing of Pax7+ progenitors from the somitic mesoderm has established its developmental trajectory towards the dermis, brown adipocytes, and skeletal muscle in the dorsal trunk; yet the molecular switches and mechanisms guiding the differentiation into different lineages remain unknown. We performed lineage-tracing of Pax7-expressing cells in mouse embryos at E9.5 and profiled the transcriptomes of Pax7-progenies on E12.5, E14.5, and E16.5 at single-cell level. Analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data at multiple time points showed temporal-specific differentiation events toward muscle, dermis, and brown adipocyte, identified marker genes for putative progenitors and revealed transcription factors that could drive lineage-specific differentiation. We then utilized a combination of surface markers identified in the single-cell data, Pdgfra, Thy1, and Cd36, to enrich brown adipocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and progenitors specific for these two cell types at E14.5 and E16.5. These enriched cell populations were then used for further culture and functional assays in vitro, in which Wnt5a and Rgcc are shown to be important factors that could alter lineage decisions during embryogenesis. Notably, we found a bipotent progenitor population at E14.5, having lineage potentials towards both dermal fibroblasts and brown adipocytes. They were termed eFAPs (embryonic fibro/adipogenic progenitors) as they functionally resemble adult fibro/adipogenic progenitors. Overall, this study provides further understanding of the Pax7 lineage during embryonic development using a combination of lineage tracing with temporally sampled single-cell transcriptomics.
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Yamamoto T, Diao Z, Murakami M, Shimokawa F, Matsui T, Funaba M. Factors affecting the induction of uncoupling protein 1 in C2C12 myogenic cells. Cytokine 2022; 157:155936. [PMID: 35738051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Brown/beige adipocytes, which are derived from skeletal muscle/smooth muscle-lineage cells, consume excess energy as heat through the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Previous studies have shown that forced expression of PR/SET domain (PRDM)-16 or early B-cell factor (EBF)-2 induced UCP1-positive adipocytes in C2C12 myogenic cells. Here, we explored the culture conditions to induce Ucp1 expression in C2C12 cells without introducing exogenous genes. Treatment with rosiglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist), GW501516 (a PPARδ agonist), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 for 8 days efficiently increased Ucp1 expression in response to treatment with forskolin, an activator of the protein kinase A pathway. BMP7 dose-dependently increased forskolin-induced Ucp1 expression in the presence of rosiglitazone and GW501516; however, GW501516 was not required for Ucp1 induction. Additionally, the structurally related proteins, BMP6 and BMP9, efficiently increased forskolin-induced Ucp1 expression in rosiglitazone-treated cells. UCP1 protein was localized in cells with lipid droplets, but adipocytes were not always positive for UCP1. Continuous treatment with BMP7 was needed for the efficient induction of Ucp1 by forskolin treatment. Significant expression of Prdm16 was not detected, irrespective of the treatment, and treatment with rosiglitazone, GW501516, and BMP7 did not affect the expression levels of Ebf2. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (Fgfr)-3 expression levels were increased by BMP9 in rosiglitazone-treated cells, and molecules that upregulate Fgfr3 transcription partly overlapped with those that stimulate Ucp1 transcription. The present results provide basic information on the practical differentiation of myogenic cells to brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zhicheng Diao
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Fumie Shimokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Nieminen-Pihala V, Rummukainen P, Wang F, Tarkkonen K, Ivaska KK, Kiviranta R. Age-Progressive and Gender-Dependent Bone Phenotype in Mice Lacking Both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in Prrx1-Expressing Mesenchymal Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:746-758. [PMID: 35137272 PMCID: PMC9108109 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ebfs are a family of transcription factors regulating the differentiation of multiple cell types of mesenchymal origin, including osteoblasts. Global deletion of Ebf1 results in increased bone formation and bone mass, while global loss of Ebf2 leads to enhanced bone resorption and decreased bone mass. Targeted deletion of Ebf1 in early committed osteoblasts leads to increased bone formation, whereas deletion in mature osteoblasts has no effect. To study the effects of Ebf2 specifically on long bone development, we created a limb bud mesenchyme targeted Ebf2 knockout mouse model by using paired related homeobox gene 1 (Prrx1) Cre. To investigate the possible interplay between Ebf1 and Ebf2, we deleted both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in the cells expressing Prrx1. Mice with Prrx1-targeted deletion of Ebf2 had a very mild bone phenotype. However, deletion of both Ebf1 and Ebf2 in mesenchymal lineage cells lead to significant, age progressive increase in bone volume. The phenotype was to some extent gender dependent, leading to an increase in both trabecular and cortical bone in females, while in males a mild cortical bone phenotype and a growth plate defect was observed. The phenotype was observed at both 6 and 12 weeks of age, but it was more pronounced in older female mice. Our data suggest that Ebfs modulate bone homeostasis and they are likely able to compensate for the lack of each other. The roles of Ebfs in bone formation appear to be complex and affected by multiple factors, such as age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Tarkkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa K Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Nakayama M, Okada H, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels heterogeneity of skeletal progenitors and cell-cell interactions underlying the bone repair process. Regen Ther 2022; 21. [PMID: 35619947 PMCID: PMC9127115 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.001&n923825=v926913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activation of skeletal progenitors upon tissue injury and the subsequent cell fate specification are tightly coordinated in the bone repair process. Although known osteoimmunological signaling networks play important roles in the microenvironment of the bone defect sites, the molecular mechanism underlying the bone repair process has not been fully understood. Methods To better understand the behavior of the skeletal progenitors and the heterogeneity of the cells during bone repair at the microenvironmental level, we performed a combinatorial analysis consisting of lineage tracing for skeletal progenitors using the Sox9-CreERT2;R26R tdTomato mouse line followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis using a mouse model of calvarial bone repair. To identify a therapeutic target for bone regeneration, further computational analysis was performed focusing on the identification of the cell-cell interactions, followed by pharmacological assessments with a critical-size calvarial bone defect mouse model. Results Lineage tracing analysis showed that skeletal progenitors marked by Sox9 were activated upon bone injury and contributed to bone repair by differentiating into osteoblasts. The scRNA-seq analysis characterized heterogeneous cell populations at the bone defect sites; the computational analysis predicted a bifurcated lineage from skeletal progenitors toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 9 (Ccl9) was identified as a signaling molecule that regulates bone regeneration in the mouse model, possibly through the regulation of adipogenic differentiation at the bone defect site. Conclusion Multipotential skeletal progenitors and the direction of the cell differentiation were characterized at single cell resolution in a mouse bone repair model. The Ccl9 signaling pathway may be a key factor directing osteogenesis from the progenitors in the model and may be a therapeutic target for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Nakayama
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan,Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan,Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan,Corresponding author. Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Kong S, Cai B, Nie Q. PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:621-633. [PMID: 35290519 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and interpretation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) protein in mitochondrial biogenesis, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development has broad research prospects, so it is important to review the related studies of PGC-1α in detail and comprehensively. PGC-1α is a protein composed of 798 amino acids (aa) with a molecular weight of about 91 kDa. PGC-1α is involved in the operation of the respiratory chain by combining with deacetylase and phosphorylase to bind some nuclear receptors. In addition, PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose metabolism by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, new data suggest that regulating mitochondrial metabolism in adipose tissue may be an effective adjunct to the treatment of obesity. In addition, dietary resveratrol, which has an effective anti-obesity effect, has been shown to promote mitochondrial biosynthesis by activating AMPK/PGC-1α axis, as well as to regenerate muscle damaged by obesity. In this review, we combined previous studies to explore the latest studies, showing that PGC-1α can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and is regulated by AMPK and SIRT1. Furthermore, PGC-1α is a favored protein, which not only regulates muscle fiber type, inhibits muscle atrophy, but also participates in browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and regulates body heat production. So, we concluded that PGC-1α is a key gene in mitochondrial biogenesis and plays an important role in the regulation and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis along with other genes involved in the process. Meanwhile, PGC-1α acts as a core metabolic regulator in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This review comprehensively summarizes a large number of research findings. First, the role of PGC-1α in mitochondrial biogenesis was clarified, and then the key role of PGC-1α in the development of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was reevaluated. Furthermore, the role of PGC-1α in some human diseases was discussed. Finally, the role of PGC-1α as a major gene in poultry was pointed out, and the future research direction was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolin Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Hu W, Jiang C, Kim M, Xiao Y, Richter HJ, Guan D, Zhu K, Krusen BM, Roberts AN, Miller J, Steger DJ, Lazar MA. Isoform-specific functions of PPARγ in gene regulation and metabolism. Genes Dev 2022; 36:300-312. [PMID: 35273075 PMCID: PMC8973844 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349232.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Hu et al. investigated the specific functions of the two main PPARγ isoforms by generating mouse lines in which endogenous PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 were epitope-tagged to interrogate isoform-specific genomic binding, and mice deficient in either PPARγ1 or PPARγ2 to assess isoform-specific gene regulation. They show that PPARγ isoforms have specific and separable metabolic functions that may be targeted to improve therapy for insulin resistance and diabetes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that is a vital regulator of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism. Activation of PPARγ by antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZD) reverses insulin resistance but also leads to weight gain that limits the use of these drugs. There are two main PPARγ isoforms, but the specific functions of each are not established. Here we generated mouse lines in which endogenous PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 were epitope-tagged to interrogate isoform-specific genomic binding, and mice deficient in either PPARγ1 or PPARγ2 to assess isoform-specific gene regulation. Strikingly, although PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 contain identical DNA binding domains, we uncovered isoform-specific genomic binding sites in addition to shared sites. Moreover, PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 regulated a different set of genes in adipose tissue depots, suggesting distinct roles in adipocyte biology. Indeed, mice with selective deficiency of PPARγ1 maintained body temperature better than wild-type or PPARγ2-deficient mice. Most remarkably, although TZD treatment improved glucose tolerance in mice lacking either PPARγ1 or PPARγ2, the PPARγ1-deficient mice were protected from TZD-induced body weight gain compared with PPARγ2-deficient mice. Thus, PPARγ isoforms have specific and separable metabolic functions that may be targeted to improve therapy for insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Hu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mindy Kim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hannah J Richter
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Brianna M Krusen
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Arielle N Roberts
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - David J Steger
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Emont MP, Jacobs C, Essene AL, Pant D, Tenen D, Colleluori G, Di Vincenzo A, Jørgensen AM, Dashti H, Stefek A, McGonagle E, Strobel S, Laber S, Agrawal S, Westcott GP, Kar A, Veregge ML, Gulko A, Srinivasan H, Kramer Z, De Filippis E, Merkel E, Ducie J, Boyd CG, Gourash W, Courcoulas A, Lin SJ, Lee BT, Morris D, Tobias A, Khera AV, Claussnitzer M, Pers TH, Giordano A, Ashenberg O, Regev A, Tsai LT, Rosen ED. A single-cell atlas of human and mouse white adipose tissue. Nature 2022; 603:926-933. [PMID: 35296864 PMCID: PMC9504827 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue, once regarded as morphologically and functionally bland, is now recognized to be dynamic, plastic and heterogenous, and is involved in a wide array of biological processes including energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid handling, blood pressure control and host defence1. High-fat feeding and other metabolic stressors cause marked changes in adipose morphology, physiology and cellular composition1, and alterations in adiposity are associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes2. Here we provide detailed cellular atlases of human and mouse subcutaneous and visceral white fat at single-cell resolution across a range of body weight. We identify subpopulations of adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, vascular and immune cells and demonstrate commonalities and differences across species and dietary conditions. We link specific cell types to increased risk of metabolic disease and provide an initial blueprint for a comprehensive set of interactions between individual cell types in the adipose niche in leanness and obesity. These data comprise an extensive resource for the exploration of genes, traits and cell types in the function of white adipose tissue across species, depots and nutritional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo P Emont
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam L Essene
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Pant
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Tenen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Di Vincenzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anja M Jørgensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hesam Dashti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam Stefek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Saaket Agrawal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory P Westcott
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amrita Kar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Molly L Veregge
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anton Gulko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Kramer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Erin Merkel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ducie
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher G Boyd
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Gourash
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anita Courcoulas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel J Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard T Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Morris
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Tobias
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Fontanini M, Cabiati M, Giacomarra M, Federico G, Del Ry S. Long non-Coding RNAs and Obesity: New Potential Pathogenic Biomarkers. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1592-1605. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220211153304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A portion of the human genome is characterized by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-coding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides. Recently, the development of new biomolecular methods, made it possible to delineate the involvement of lncRNAs in the regulation of different biological processes, both physiological and pathological, by acting within the cell with different regulatory mechanisms based on their specific target. To date, obesity is one of the most important health problems spread all over the world, including the child population: the search for new potential early biomarkers could open the doors to novel therapeutic strategies useful to fight the disease early in life and to reduce the risk of obesity-related co-morbidities.
Objective:
This review highlights the lncRNAs involved in obesity, in adipogenesis, and lipid metabolism, particularly in lipogenesis.
Conclusion:
LncRNAs involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, being at the cross-road of obesity, should be deeply analysed in this contest, allowing to understand possible causative actions in starting obesity and whether they might be helpful to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fontanini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Manuel Giacomarra
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 67 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
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Los posibles mecanismos de pardeamiento del tejido adiposo blanco: una diana novedosa para el tratamiento de la obesidad. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:411-424. [PMID: 35001637 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of the obesity pandemic worldwide over the last several decades has generated a constant need for the scientific world to develop new possibilities to combat obesity. Since the discovery that brown adipose tissue (BAT) exists in adult humans, and BAT activation contributes to a negative energy balance, much more attention has been focused on the understanding of the molecular switches and their different regulatory mechanisms turning on energy expenditure. Recent insights have revealed that a range of stimuli including cold exposure, physical activity and diet, and critical transcription molecules such as PPARγ, PRDM16, PGC-1α and UCP1, aiming at the induction of BAT activation, could cause the browning of white adipose tissue, thereby dissipating energy and increasing heat production. An increasing number of studies that point to the white adipose tissue (WAT) browning strategies aiming at diet-induced and/or genetically determined obesity have been tested in mouse models as well as in human studies. Findings suggested that browning stimulating drugs have been currently or previously assayed as a therapy against obesity. As PPARα agonists, fibrate drugs effectively reduced plasma triglyceride, increased high-density lipoproteins, and improved glycemic control and heat production in brown adipose tissue, which has been used in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Many kinds of natural products promote white adipose tissue browning, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and long-chain fatty acids, which can also ameliorate metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize the transcriptional regulators as well as the various mediators that have been regarded as potential therapeutic targets in the process of WAT browning.
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Harlan B, Park HG, Spektor R, Cummings B, Brenna JT, Soloway PD. Single-cell chromatin accessibility and lipid profiling reveals SCD1-dependent metabolic shift in adipocytes induced by bariatric surgery. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261783. [PMID: 34972124 PMCID: PMC8719700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity promotes type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic pathologies. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is used to treat obesity resulting in long-term weight loss and health improvements that precede weight loss; however, the mechanisms underlying the immediate benefits remain incompletely understood. Because adipose plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and utilization, we hypothesized that VSG exerts its influences, in part, by modulating adipose functional states. We applied single-cell ATAC sequencing and lipid profiling to inguinal and epididymal adipose depots from mice that received sham surgery or VSG. We observed depot-specific cellular composition and chromatin accessibility patterns that were altered by VSG. Specifically, accessibility at Scd1, a fatty acid desaturase, was substantially reduced after VSG in mature adipocytes of inguinal but not epididymal depots. This was accompanied by reduced accumulation of SCD1-produced unsaturated fatty acids. Given these findings and reports that reductions in Scd1 attenuate obesity and insulin resistance our results suggest VSG exerts its beneficial effects through an inguinal depot-specific reduction of SCD1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Harlan
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roman Spektor
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Bethany Cummings
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Soloway
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Kim E, Lee HG, Han S, Seo KH, Kim H. Effect of Surface Layer Proteins Derived from Paraprobiotic Kefir Lactic Acid Bacteria on Inflammation and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15157-15164. [PMID: 34882385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The antiobesity action of nonviable probiotic lactic acid bacteria (PLAB) may be attributed to bacterial cellular components recognized by host cells. The anti-inflammation and antiobesity properties of surface layer proteins (SLPs) that are cellular components isolated from kefir PLAB were determined in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and obese mice. Kefir SLPs significantly decreased secretion of IL-6 and production of NF-kB p65 protein by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-response manner. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet with oral administration of either saline (CON) or kefir SLPs for 6 weeks. SLPs significantly improved body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, plasma triglyceride concentrations, and insulin resistance. Profiling of adipocyte gene expression showed that the antiobesity effect was significantly related to the expression of genes associated with adipogenesis, autophagy, and inflammatory/immune response, and fatty acid oxidation. Taken together, SLPs are a novel bioactive component in kefir PLABs to target obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eseul Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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Choi KM, Kim JH, Kong X, Isik M, Zhang J, Lim HW, Yoon JC. Defective brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and impaired glucose metabolism in mice lacking Letmd1. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110104. [PMID: 34910916 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of energy-dissipating adipocytes has the potential to produce metabolic benefits. To this end, it is valuable to understand the mechanisms controlling the generation and function of thermogenic fat. Here, we identify Letm1 domain containing 1 (Letmd1) as a regulator of brown fat formation and function. The expression of Letmd1 is induced in brown fat by cold exposure and by β-adrenergic activation. Letmd1-deficient mice exhibit severe cold intolerance concomitant with abnormal brown fat morphology, reduced thermogenic gene expression, and low mitochondrial content. The null mice exhibit impaired β3-adrenoreceptor-dependent thermogenesis and are prone to diet-induced obesity and defective glucose disposal. Letmd1 was previously described as a mitochondrial protein, and we find that it also localizes to the nucleus and interacts with the transcriptional coregulator and chromatin remodeler Brg1/Smarca4, thus providing a way to impact thermogenic gene expression. Our study uncovers a role for Letmd1 as a key regulatory component of adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jung Hak Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiangmudong Kong
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John C Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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