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Zheng C, Yu L, Zhao L, Guo M, Feng M, Li H, Zhou X, Fan Y, Liu L, Ma Z, Jia Y, Li M, Barman I, Yu Z. Label-free Raman spectroscopy reveals tumor microenvironmental changes induced by intermittent fasting for the prevention of breast cancer in animal model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124387. [PMID: 38704999 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of tools that can provide a holistic picture of the evolution of the tumor microenvironment in response to intermittent fasting on the prevention of breast cancer is highly desirable. Here, we show, for the first time, the use of label-free Raman spectroscopy to reveal biomolecular alterations induced by intermittent fasting in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer using a dimethyl-benzanthracene induced rat model. To quantify biomolecular alterations in the tumor microenvironment, chemometric analysis of Raman spectra obtained from untreated and treated tumors was performed using multivariate curve resolution-alternative least squares and support vector machines. Raman measurements revealed remarkable and robust differences in lipid, protein, and glycogen content prior to morphological manifestations in a dynamically changing tumor microenvironment, consistent with the proteomic changes observed by quantitative mass spectrometry. Taken together with its non-invasive nature, this research provides prospective evidence for the clinical translation of Raman spectroscopy to identify biomolecular variations in the microenvironment induced by intermittent fasting for the prevention of breast cancer, providing new perspectives on the specific molecular effects in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Lixiang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Linfeng Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Maolin Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Man Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Xingchen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yeye Fan
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Zhongbing Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yining Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.
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2
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Navas-Enamorado C, Capo X, Galmes-Panades AM, Ortega-Moral A, Sánchez-Polo A, Masmiquel L, Torrens-Mas M, Navas P, Gonzalez-Freire M. The association of circulating bioenergetic metabolites with healthy human aging. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112488. [PMID: 38879093 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable and gradual decline in several biological functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most important hallmarks of aging. In this context, alterations in metabolites associated with mitochondrial dysfunction may serve as a significant biomarker. This study aimed to investigate the existence of a relationship between the key metabolites involved in bioenergetics metabolism and aging. 53 volunteers ranged 20-85 years participated in the study. We tested the association between different tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism with age, sex, body composition, and proxy markers of aging such as walking speed, grip strength and chair test. We found that lactic acid negatively correlated with age while several fatty acid metabolites, such as azelaic, sebacic, and linoleic acids, showed positive correlations with age (p < 0.05). Sex-specific trends, such as glycerol, and dodecanoic acid, were also observed for certain metabolites. Furthermore, citric acid levels were found to have a significant association with physical function and body composition measures. Participants with higher citric acid levels displayed improved performance in physical tests and favorable body composition indices. Additionally, fumaric acid and adipic acid showed positive correlations with fat-free body mass, while sebacic acid was negatively associated with measures of fat mass. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the role of circulating bioenergetics metabolites with age, sex variations, and their potential implications in body composition and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Navas-Enamorado
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - X Capo
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A M Galmes-Panades
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Research Group (GICAFE), Institute for Educational Research and Innovation (IRIE), University of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ortega-Moral
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Polo
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - L Masmiquel
- Vascular and Metabolic Pathologies Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Torrens-Mas
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - P Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide- Consejo superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain; CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Gonzalez-Freire
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Morris AAM, Cuenoud B, Delerive P, Mundy H, Schwahn BC. Long-term use of investigational β-Hydroxybutyrate salts in children with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase or pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 40:101104. [PMID: 38983107 PMCID: PMC11231749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Several disorders of energy metabolism have been treated with exogenous ketone bodies. The benefit of this treatment is best documented in multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) (MIM#231680). One might also expect ketone bodies to help in other disorders with impaired ketogenesis or in conditions that profit from a ketogenic diet. Here, we report the use of a novel preparation of dextro-β-hydroxybutyrate (D-βHB) salts in two cases of MADD and one case of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency (MIM#312170). The two patients with MADD had previously been on a racemic mixture of D- and L‑sodium hydroxybutyrate. Patient #1 found D-βHB more palatable, and the change in formulation corrected hypernatraemia in patient #2. The patient with PDH deficiency was on a ketogenic diet but had not previously been given hydroxybutyrate. In this case, the addition of D-βHB improved ketosis. We conclude that NHS101 is a good candidate for further clinical studies in this group of diseases of inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Cuenoud
- Nestlé Health Science, Avenue Nestlé 55., 1800 Vevy, Switzerland
| | | | - Helen Mundy
- Evelina London Children's Healthcare, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Li SL, Zhou H, Liu J, Yang J, Jiang L, Yuan HM, Wang MH, Yang KS, Xiang M. Restoration of HMGCS2-mediated ketogenesis alleviates tacrolimus-induced hepatic lipid metabolism disorder. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1898-1911. [PMID: 38760545 PMCID: PMC11335741 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus, one of the macrolide calcineurin inhibitors, is the most frequently used immunosuppressant after transplantation. Long-term administration of tacrolimus leads to dyslipidemia and affects liver lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated the mode of action and underlying mechanisms of this adverse reaction. Mice were administered tacrolimus (2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 10 weeks, then euthanized; the blood samples and liver tissues were collected for analyses. We showed that tacrolimus administration induced significant dyslipidemia and lipid deposition in mouse liver. Dyslipidemia was also observed in heart or kidney transplantation patients treated with tacrolimus. We demonstrated that tacrolimus did not directly induce de novo synthesis of fatty acids, but markedly decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in AML12 cells. Furthermore, we showed that tacrolimus dramatically decreased the expression of HMGCS2, the rate-limiting enzyme of ketogenesis, with decreased ketogenesis in AML12 cells, which was responsible for lipid deposition in normal hepatocytes. Moreover, we revealed that tacrolimus inhibited forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) nuclear translocation by promoting FKBP51-FoxO1 complex formation, thus reducing FoxO1 binding to the HMGCS2 promoter and its transcription ability in AML12 cells. The loss of HMGCS2 induced by tacrolimus caused decreased ketogenesis and increased acetyl-CoA accumulation, which promoted mitochondrial protein acetylation, thereby resulting in FAO function inhibition. Liver-specific HMGCS2 overexpression via tail intravenous injection of AAV8-TBG-HMGCS2 construct reversed tacrolimus-induced mitochondrial protein acetylation and FAO inhibition, thus removing the lipid deposition in hepatocytes. Collectively, this study demonstrates a novel mechanism of liver lipid deposition and hyperlipidemia induced by long-term administration of tacrolimus, resulted from the loss of HMGCS2-mediated ketogenesis and subsequent FAO inhibition, providing an alternative target for reversing tacrolimus-induced adverse reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui-Min Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng-Heng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke-Shan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Taofeek N, Thompson D, Rowland J, Sanmartin P, Ceron-Romero N, Vroonland E, Cintron O, Rushing M, McKee K, Lopez S, Blake K, Shackelford L, Baker M, Verghese M, Vizcarra J. The effect of dietary sodium octanoate on Ghrelin concentration and feed intake in chickens and turkeys: a comparative study. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103962. [PMID: 39003793 PMCID: PMC11298948 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Active ghrelin (AG) is produced through the post-translational addition of n-octanoic acid to the amino residue Ser-3, making it the natural ligand for the ghrelin receptor. The synthesis of AG is contingent upon specific dietary fatty acids as substrates for the acylation process. Prior studies have demonstrated that AG infusion can lead to reduced feed intake (FI) in broiler chickens, suggesting that manipulating AG may serve as an alternative to quantitative feed restriction in broiler breeders. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary sodium octanoate (Octanoate) on FI, water intake (WI), BW, total ghrelin, and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in two avian species. Broiler chickens and turkeys were reared as recommended by the industry. At 3 wk of age, birds were randomly assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial. The first factor included two species (chickens and turkeys), and the second included doses (0, 4, and 8 mg/mL) of Octanoate in drinking water for 30 d. Feed and WI were recorded daily, while body weight and blood samples were obtained weekly. In chickens, Octanoate doses increased ghrelin and BHB concentrations linearly, while FI and BW decreased linearly with rising Octanoate doses (P < 0.05). However, Octanoate doses did not affect ghrelin, BHB, FI, or BW in turkeys. In conclusion, our data indicate that sodium octanoate administration elicits a differential response in feed intake and body weight gain in chickens and turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Taofeek
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - D Thompson
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - J Rowland
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - P Sanmartin
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - N Ceron-Romero
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - E Vroonland
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - O Cintron
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - M Rushing
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - K McKee
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - S Lopez
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - K Blake
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - L Shackelford
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - M Baker
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - M Verghese
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - J Vizcarra
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA.
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6
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Forouzanmehr B, Hemmati MA, Atkin SL, Jamialahmadi T, Yaribeygi H, Sahebkar A. GLP-1 mimetics and diabetic ketoacidosis: possible interactions and clinical consequences. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03384-1. [PMID: 39172148 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious diabetes-related consequence that occurs in type 1 diabetes and less commonly in type 2 diabetes and is a major cause of death. It results from the metabolic consequences due to a lack of insulin secretion or impaired insulin activity in diabetes leading to dysregulated pathophysiologic pathways resulting in excessive ketone body formation. While ketone bodies are physiologic molecules, their high levels reduce the physiological pH of the blood and induce ketoacidosis, leading to increasing metabolic dysfunction. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics are a class of recently developed diabetes therapy that do not lead to hypoglycemic, but some reports have suggested a relationship between GLP-1 mimetics and ketogenesis. To clarify the possible interactions between GLP-1 mimetics and ketogenesis in diabetes, this review was undertaken to collate and interpret the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behina Forouzanmehr
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Stephen L Atkin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Inoue M, Sakanaka A, Katakami N, Furuno M, Nishizawa H, Omori K, Taya N, Ishikawa A, Mayumi S, Tanaka Isomura E, Takeuchi H, Amano A, Shimomura I, Fukusaki E, Kuboniwa M. Periodontal tissue susceptibility to glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39143658 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the direct effect of intensive glycaemic control on periodontal tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and hospitalized to receive a 2-week intensive glycaemic control regimen. We observed and analysed the systemic and oral disease indicators before and after treatment and clarified the indicators related to periodontal inflammation. RESULTS A significant reduction in glycaemic and periodontal parameters, including glycated albumin levels and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), was observed after treatment. The changes in PISA per tooth, indicative of periodontal healing, exhibited a bimodal distribution; the patients were divided into two groups on this basis. Correlations were observed between the changes in PISA per tooth and fasting plasma glucose, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in the PISA-improved group. Significantly lower levels of C-peptide, coefficient of variation of R-R interval, and ankle-brachial pressure index were observed before treatment in the PISA non-improved group. CONCLUSIONS Glycaemic control treatment can effectively improve periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes, even in the absence of specific periodontal treatments. However, the periodontal responsiveness to glycaemic control treatment depends on the systemic condition of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Inoue
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akito Sakanaka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuno
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuo Omori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Naohiro Taya
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Mayumi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Tanaka Isomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Japan
| | - Masae Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Zhuang H, Ren X, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhou P. β-Hydroxybutyrate enhances chondrocyte mitophagy and reduces cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis via the HCAR2/AMPK/PINK1/Parkin pathway. Aging Cell 2024:e14294. [PMID: 39126207 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is widely recognized as the prevailing joint disease associated with aging. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been postulated to impede the advancement of various inflammatory ailments. β-Hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), a prominent constituent of ketone bodies, has recently been proposed to possess crucial signaling capabilities. In this study, we propose to explore the role and mechanism of βOHB in OA. Tissue staining and inflammatory factor assay were employed to evaluate the impacts of KD and βOHB on OA rats. The oxidative stress conditions in chondrocytes were induced using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). The mechanisms were determined using the siRNA of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2), the antagonist of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the inhibitor of mitophagy. The administration of KD demonstrated a reduction in pathological damage to cartilage, as well as a decrease in plasma levels of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, it resulted in an increase in the concentration of βOHB in the blood and synovial fluid. In vitro experiments showed that βOHB facilitated mitophagy and adenosine triphosphate production. Besides, βOHB mitigated chondrocyte senescence, inflammatory factors secretion, extracellular matrix degradation, and apoptosis induced by TBHP. Subsequent investigations indicated that the protective effects of βOHB were no longer observed following the knockdown of HCAR2, the antagonist of AMPK, or the inhibitor of mitophagy. Moreover, in vivo studies suggested that βOHB played a protective role by targeting the HCAR2-AMPK-PINK1 axis. In conclusion, βOHB enhanced chondrocyte mitophagy through the HCAR2/AMPK/PINK1/Parkin pathway, offering a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangming Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xunshan Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuelong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huajie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Panghu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Su R, Liu HN, Wang YB, Bai Y. Cirrhosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2024:S1499-3872(24)00107-3. [PMID: 39129077 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Graduate Academy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Hong-Na Liu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yu-Bo Wang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; Graduate Academy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
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10
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Feola K, Venable AH, Broomfield T, Villegas M, Fu X, Burgess S, Huen SC. Hepatic ketogenesis is not required for starvation adaptation in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101967. [PMID: 38876267 PMCID: PMC11246062 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In response to bacterial inflammation, anorexia of acute illness is protective and is associated with the induction of fasting metabolic programs such as ketogenesis. Forced feeding during the anorectic period induced by bacterial inflammation is associated with suppressed ketogenesis and increased mortality. As ketogenesis is considered essential in fasting adaptation, we sought to determine the role of ketogenesis in illness-induced anorexia. METHODS A mouse model of inducible hepatic specific deletion of the rate limiting enzyme for ketogenesis (HMG-CoA synthase 2, Hmgcs2) was used to investigate the role of ketogenesis in endotoxemia, a model of bacterial inflammation, and in prolonged starvation. RESULTS Mice deficient of hepatic Hmgcs2 failed to develop ketosis during endotoxemia and during prolonged fasting. Surprisingly, hepatic HMGCS2 deficiency and the lack of ketosis did not affect survival, glycemia, or body temperature in response to endotoxemia. Mice with hepatic ketogenic deficiency also did not exhibit any defects in starvation adaptation and were able to maintain blood glucose, body temperature, and lean mass compared to littermate wild-type controls. Mice with hepatic HMGCS2 deficiency exhibited higher levels of plasma acetate levels in response to fasting. CONCLUSIONS Circulating hepatic-derived ketones do not provide protection against endotoxemia, suggesting that alternative mechanisms drive the increased mortality from forced feeding during illness-induced anorexia. Hepatic ketones are also dispensable for surviving prolonged starvation in the absence of inflammation. Our study challenges the notion that hepatic ketogenesis is required to maintain blood glucose and preserve lean mass during starvation, raising the possibility of extrahepatic ketogenesis and use of alternative fuels as potential means of metabolic compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Feola
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andrea H Venable
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tatyana Broomfield
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Morgan Villegas
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shawn Burgess
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sarah C Huen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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11
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Rong L, Peng Y, Shen Q, Chen K, Fang B, Li W. Effects of ketogenic diet on cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100306. [PMID: 38943982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketogenic diets (KD) have shown remarkable effects in many disease areas. It has been demonstrated in numerous animal experiments that KD is effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). But the clinical effect of treating AD is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the impact of KD on cognitive function in AD. METHODS We conducted a search of three international databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase-to retrieve RCTs on the KD intervention for AD from the inception of the databases through October 2023. Two reviewers searched and screened the literature, extracted and checked relevant data independently, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. The meta-analysis was carried out utilizing RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 10 RCTS involving 691 patients with AD were included. There were 357 participants in the intervention group and 334 participants in the control group. The duration of the KD intervention ranged from a minimum of 3 months to a maximum of 15 months. Meta-analysis results showed that KD could effectively improve the mental state of the elderly (NM scale) [MD = 7.56, 95%CI (3.02, 12.10), P = 0.001], MMSE [MD = 1.25, 95%CI (0.46, 2.04), P = 0.002], and ADAS-Cog [MD = -3.43, 95%CI (-5.98, -0.88), P = 0.008]. The elevation of ketone body (β-hydroxybutyric) [MD = 118.84, 95%CI (15.20, 222.48), P = 0.02] may also lead to the elevation of triglyceride [MD = 0.19, 95%CI (0.03, 0.35), P = 0.02] and low density lipoprotein [MD = 0.31, 95%CI (0.04, 0.58), P = 0.02]. CONCLUSION Research conducted has indicated that the KD can enhance the mental state and cognitive function of those with AD, albeit potentially leading to an elevation in blood lipid levels. In summary, the good intervention effect and safety of KD are worthy of promotion and application in clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Rong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sanya, China
| | - Yating Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keying Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bangjiang Fang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Yu Y, Jiang Y, Glandorff C, Sun M. Exploring the mystery of tumor metabolism: Warburg effect and mitochondrial metabolism fighting side by side. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111239. [PMID: 38815642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic reconfiguration of tumor cells constitutes a pivotal aspect of tumor proliferation and advancement. This study delves into two primary facets of tumor metabolism: the Warburg effect and mitochondrial metabolism, elucidating their contributions to tumor dominance. The Warburg effect facilitates efficient energy acquisition by tumor cells through aerobic glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation, offering metabolic advantages conducive to growth and proliferation. Simultaneously, mitochondrial metabolism, serving as the linchpin of sustained tumor vitality, orchestrates the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain, furnishing a steadfast and dependable wellspring of biosynthesis for tumor cells. Regarding targeted therapy, this discourse examines extant strategies targeting tumor glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, underscoring their potential efficacy in modulating tumor metabolism while envisaging future research trajectories and treatment paradigms in the realm of tumor metabolism. By means of a thorough exploration of tumor metabolism, this study aspires to furnish crucial insights into the regulation of tumor metabolic processes, thereby furnishing valuable guidance for the development of novel therapeutic modalities. This comprehensive deliberation is poised to catalyze advancements in tumor metabolism research and offer novel perspectives and pathways for the formulation of cancer treatment strategies in the times ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Yu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yulang Jiang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Christian Glandorff
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; University Clinic of Hamburg at the HanseMerkur Center of TCM, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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13
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Lin S, Depczynski B, Varndell W, Hui SA, Chiew A. Clinical significance of an elevated on-admission beta-hydroxybutyrate in acutely ill adult patients without diabetes. Emerg Med Australas 2024; 36:527-535. [PMID: 38439135 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between point-of-care β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration and outcomes in adult patients without diabetes admitted through ED. METHODS This was a prospective study from 10 March to 2 July 2021. Admitted patients without diabetes had capillary BHB sampled in ED. Outcomes of length-of-stay (LOS), composite mortality/ICU admission rates and clinical severity scores (Quick Sepsis Organ Failure Assessment score/National Early Warning Score [qSOFA/NEWS]) were measured. BHB was assessed as a continuous variable and between those with BHB above and equal to 1.0 mmol/L and those below 1.0 mmol/L. RESULTS A total of 311 patients were included from 2377 admissions. Median length-of-stay was 4.1 days (IQR 2.1-9.8), 18 (5.8%) died and 37 (11.8%) were admitted to ICU. Median BHB was 0.2 mmol/L (IQR 0.1-0.4). Twenty-five patients had BHB ≥1.0 mmol/L and five were >3.0 mmol/L. There was no significant difference in median LOS for patients with BHB ≥1.0 mmol/L compared to non-ketotic patients, 5.3 days (IQR 2.2-7.5) versus 4.1 days, respectively (IQR 2.0-9.8) (P = 0.69). BHB did not correlate with LOS (Spearman ρ = 0.116, 95% confidence interval: 0.006-0.223). qSOFA and NEWS also did not differ between these cohorts. For those 25 patients with BHB ≥1.0 mmol/L, an infective/inflammatory diagnosis was present in 11 (44%), at least 2 days of fasting in 10 (40%) and ethanol intake >40 g within 48 h in 4 (16%). CONCLUSIONS Routine BHB measurement in patients without diabetes does not add to clinical bedside assessment and use should be limited to when required to confirm a clinical impression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barbara Depczynski
- Prince of Wales Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wayne Varndell
- Prince of Wales Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Su An Hui
- Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Chiew
- Prince of Wales Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Chen H, Wang X, Zhang J, Xie D, Pu Y. Exploration of TCM syndrome types of the material basis and risk prediction of Wilson disease liver fibrosis based on 1H NMR metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116167. [PMID: 38663257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by abnormal copper metabolism. The accumulation of copper in the liver can progress to liver fibrosis and, ultimately, cirrhosis, which is a primary cause of death in WD patients. Metabonomic technology offers an effective approach to investigate the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types of WD-related liver fibrosis by monitoring the alterations in small molecule metabolites within the body. In this study, we employed 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) metabonomics to assess the metabolic profiles associated with five TCM syndrome types of WD-related liver fibrosis and analyzed the diagnostic and predictive capabilities of various metabolites. The study found a variety of metabolites, each with varying levels of diagnostic and predictive capabilities. Furthermore, the discerned differential metabolic pathways were primarily associated with various pathways involving carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. This study has identified various characteristic metabolic markers and pathways associated with different TCM syndromes of liver fibrosis in WD, providing a substantial foundation for investigating the mechanisms underlying these TCM syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xie Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Daojun Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Pu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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15
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Zheng S, He H, Zheng J, Zhu X, Lin N, Wu Q, Wei E, Weng C, Chen S, Huang X, Jian C, Guan S, Yang C. Machine learning-based screening and validation of liver metastasis-specific genes in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17679. [PMID: 39085446 PMCID: PMC11291988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is challenging in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Limited research has been conducted on how CRLM develops. RNA sequencing data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Four machine learning algorithms were used to screen the hub CRLM-specific genes, including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso), Random forest, SVM-RFE, and XGboost. The model for identifying CRLM was developed using stepwise logistic regression and was validated using internal and independent datasets. The prognostic value of hub CRLM-specific genes was assessed using the Lasso-Cox method. The in vitro experiments were performed using SW620 cells. The CRLM identification model was developed based on four CRLM-specific genes (SPP1, ZG16, P2RY14, and PRKAR2B), and the model efficacy was validated using GSE41258 and three external cohorts. Five CRLM-specific prognostic hub genes, SPP1, ZG16, P2RY14, CYP2E1, and C5, were identified using the Lasso-Cox algorithm, and a risk score was constructed. The risk score was validated using the GSE39582 cohort. Three genes have both efficacy in identifying CRLM and prognostic value: ZG16, P2RY14, and SPP1. Immune infiltration and enrichment analyses demonstrated that SPP1 was associated with M2 macrophage polarization and extracellular matrix remodeling. In vitro experiments indicated that SPP1 may act as a cancer-promoting factor. The hub CRLM-specific gene SPP1 can help determine the diagnosis, prognosis, and immune infiltration of patients with CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingshu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of General Surgery, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Enhao Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiming Weng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqian Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Jian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Afliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351106, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shen Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunkang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Wang Q, Lan X, Ke H, Xu S, Huang C, Wang J, Wang X, Huang T, Wu X, Chen M, Guo Y, Zeng L, Tian XL, Xiang Y. Histone β-hydroxybutyrylation is critical in reversal of sarcopenia. Aging Cell 2024:e14284. [PMID: 39076122 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a leading cause for global disability and mortality, is an age-related muscular disorder, characterized by accelerated muscle mass loss and functional decline. It is known that caloric restriction (CR), ketogenic diet or endurance exercise lessen sarcopenia and elevate circulating β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) levels. Whether the elevated β-HB is essential to the reversal of sarcopenia, however, remains unclear. Here we show in both Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse models that an increase of β-HB reverse myofiber atrophy and improves motor functions at advanced ages. β-HB-induced histone lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) is indispensable for the reversal of sarcopenia. Histone Kbhb enhances transcription of genes associated with mitochondrial pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, ATP metabolic process and aerobic respiration. This ultimately leads to improve mitochondrial integrity and enhance mitochondrial respiration. The histone Kbhb are validated in mouse model with CR. Thus, we demonstrate that β-HB induces histone Kbhb, increases mitochondrial function, and reverses sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiquan Wang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinqiang Lan
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Siman Xu
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunping Huang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiane Huang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengxin Chen
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingqi Guo
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
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17
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Samsø Mathiasen S, Kanta JM, Frydenberg RP, Lundsgaard A, Guo Z, Fritzen AM, Kiens B, Wiking L, Kleinert M. Novel methodology to enrich medium- and short-chain fatty acids in milk fat to improve metabolic health. Food Funct 2024; 15:7951-7960. [PMID: 38980698 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Dietary short- and medium-chain fatty acids have been shown to elevate circulating ketone bodies and confer metabolic health benefits. Cow milk fat contains these lipids in a balanced mix but in relatively low concentrations. Enriching them could amplify health benefits of dairy products. Here, we used a volatility-based workflow to produce milk fat with a 2-fold enrichment of medium- and short-chain fatty acids (referred to as MSFAT). Our proof-of-concept studies in mice demonstrated that intake of MSFAT increased circulating ketone bodies, reduced blood glucose levels, and suppressed food intake. In humans, ingestion of MSFAT resulted in increased circulating ketone bodies, trended to attenuate (p = 0.07) postprandial glucose excursion, and acutely elevated energy expenditure. Our findings show that milk products enriched with MSFAT may hold significant metabolic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Samsø Mathiasen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- CiFood Multidisciplinary Center for Innovative Foods, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Josephine M Kanta
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rikke P Frydenberg
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- CiFood Multidisciplinary Center for Innovative Foods, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Lundsgaard
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Zheng Guo
- CiFood Multidisciplinary Center for Innovative Foods, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lars Wiking
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- CiFood Multidisciplinary Center for Innovative Foods, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Molecular Physiology of Exercise and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
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18
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Feng G, Wu Z, Yang L, Wang K, Wang H. β-hydroxybutyrate and ischemic stroke: roles and mechanisms. Mol Brain 2024; 17:48. [PMID: 39075604 PMCID: PMC11287974 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a significant global burden, causing extensive morbidity and mortality. In metabolic states where glucose is limited, ketone bodies, predominantly β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), act as alternative fuel sources. Elevated levels of BHB have been found in the ischemic hemispheres of animal models of stroke, supporting its role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Clinically, higher serum and urinary BHB concentrations have been associated with adverse outcomes in ischemic stroke, highlighting its potential utility as a prognostic biomarker. In both animal and cellular models, exogenous BHB administration has exhibited neuroprotective effects, reduction of infarct size, and improvement of neurological outcomes. In this review, we focus on the role of BHB before and after ischemic stroke, with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of ketone administration after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Feng
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 21 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Zongkai Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 21 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Leyi Yang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 21 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Kaimeng Wang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 21 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 21 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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19
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Gary NC, Misganaw B, Hammamieh R, Gautam A. Exploring metabolomic dynamics in acute stress disorder: amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Front Genet 2024; 15:1394630. [PMID: 39119583 PMCID: PMC11306072 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1394630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is a psychiatric condition that can develop shortly after trauma exposure. Although molecular studies of ASD are only beginning, groups of metabolites have been found to be significantly altered with acute stress phenotypes in various pre-clinical and clinical studies. ASD implicated metabolites include amino acids (β-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, 5-aminovalerate, kynurenine and aspartate), ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate), lipids (cortisol, palmitoylethanomide, and N-palmitoyl taurine) and carbohydrates (glucose and mannose). Network and pathway analysis with the most prominent metabolites shows that Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and c-AMP response element binding (CREB) protein can be crucial players. After highlighting main recent findings on the role of metabolites in ASD, we will discuss potential future directions and challenges that need to be tackled. Overall, we aim to showcase that metabolomics present a promising opportunity to advance our understanding of ASD pathophysiology as well as the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Gary
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Burook Misganaw
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Culmen International, Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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20
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Yoshida Y, Li D, Li X, Fonseca VA, Qi L, Mauvais-Jarvis F. Sex differences in circulating metabolites across glycemic status and risk of coronary heart disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.23.24310540. [PMID: 39108525 PMCID: PMC11302618 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.24310540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a 50% excess risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) than men with T2D. We compared circulating metabolites and their associations with CHD in men and women across glycemic status. Methods We used metabolomic data (lipoproteins, fatty acids, amino acids, glycolysis, ketones, inflammation, and fluid balance) for 87,326 CHD-free UK Biobank participants. We used linear regressions to examine the association of sex and metabolites (log) in newly diagnosed T2D (diagnosis<2 yrs from baseline), prediabetes (A1c 5.7-6.5%), and euglycemia, accounting for age, race, Deprivation Index, income, smoking, alcohol drinking, obesity, physical activity, medications for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. We used Cox models to evaluate the association of metabolites and CHD risk by sex, adjusting the same covariates and menopausal status (women). All analyses were FDR-adjusted. Findings We included 1250 individuals with new T2D, 12,706 with prediabetes, and 83,315 with euglycemia. In adjusted linear regressions, women showed a progressive increase in atherogenic lipid and lipoprotein markers and inflammatory marker, glycoprotein acetyls, compared to men as their glycemic status advanced. However, women had lower levels of albumin during this transition. Menopausal status did not alter these sex differences. In a 10-year follow-up, an SD higher total TG, TG in VLDL, LDL, and HDL, saturated fatty acids (SFA) were positively associated with a higher risk of CHD in women with T2D but not in men (p-interactions 0.03-0.15). Interpretation With advancing glycemic status, women exhibited higher levels of atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins, as well as inflammatory markers, but lower circulating albumin. Women with T2D appear to be at a higher risk of CHD associated with TG, VLDL-TG, LDL-TG, and HDL-TG, and SFA than men with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Yoshida
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Danting Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Illionis College of Medicine, Chicago, Illionis
| | - Vivian A. Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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21
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Golfinopoulou R, Hatziagapiou K, Mavrikou S, Kintzios S. Unveiling Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers: Harnessing Biosensor Technology for Volatile Organic Compound Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4712. [PMID: 39066110 PMCID: PMC11281049 DOI: 10.3390/s24144712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Conventional screening options for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection are mainly direct visualization and invasive methods including colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy, which must be performed in a clinical setting and may be linked to adverse effects for some patients. Non-invasive CRC diagnostic tests such as computed tomography colonography and stool tests are either too costly or less reliable than invasive ones. On the other hand, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are potentially ideal non-invasive biomarkers for CRC detection and monitoring. The present review is a comprehensive presentation of the current state-of-the-art VOC-based CRC diagnostics, with a specific focus on recent advancements in biosensor design and application. Among them, breath-based chromatography pattern analysis and sampling techniques are overviewed, along with nanoparticle-based optical and electrochemical biosensor approaches. Limitations of the currently available technologies are also discussed with an outlook for improvement in combination with big data analytics and advanced instrumentation, as well as expanding the scope and specificity of CRC-related volatile biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Golfinopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, EU-CONEXUS European University, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Thivon 1, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sophie Mavrikou
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, EU-CONEXUS European University, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- CeBTec, 40 Vatatzi, 11472 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Kintzios
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, EU-CONEXUS European University, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- CeBTec, 40 Vatatzi, 11472 Athens, Greece
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22
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Kashiwagi Y, Nagoshi T, Tanaka Y, Oi Y, Kimura H, Ogawa K, Kawai M, Yoshimura M. Effects of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor on ketone body metabolism in pre-heart failure/heart failure patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16493. [PMID: 39020009 PMCID: PMC11255280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, a mild elevation of the blood ketone levels was found to exert multifaceted cardioprotective effects. To investigate the effect of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) on the blood ketone body levels, 46 stable pre-heart failure (HF)/HF patients were studied, including 23 who switched from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to ARNIs (ARNI group) and 23 who continued treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs (control group). At baseline, there were no significant differences in the total ketone body (TKB) levels between the two groups. Three months later, the TKB levels in the ARNI group were higher than the baseline values (baseline to 3 months: 71 [51, 122] to 92 [61, 270] μmol/L, P < 0.01). In the control group, no significant change was observed between the baseline and 3 months later. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the initiation of ARNI and an increase in the blood non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels at 3 months increased the percentage changes in the TKB levels from baseline to 3 months (%ΔTKB level) (initiation of ARNI: P = 0.017, NEFA level at 3 months: P < 0.001). These results indicate that ARNI administration induces a mild elevation of the blood TKB levels in pre-HF/HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kashiwagi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Tomohisa Nagoshi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yuhei Oi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Haruka Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ogawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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23
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Shao Y, Zhang H, Guan H, Wu C, Qi W, Yang L, Yin J, Zhang H, Liu L, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Zeng C, Wang G, Bai X, Cai D. PDZK1 protects against mechanical overload-induced chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis by targeting mitochondrial function. Bone Res 2024; 12:41. [PMID: 39019845 PMCID: PMC11255281 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical overloading and aging are two essential factors for osteoarthritis (OA) development. Mitochondria have been identified as a mechano-transducer situated between extracellular mechanical signals and chondrocyte biology, but their roles and the associated mechanisms in mechanical stress-associated chondrocyte senescence and OA have not been elucidated. Herein, we found that PDZ domain containing 1 (PDZK1), one of the PDZ proteins, which belongs to the Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE) regulatory factor family, is a key factor in biomechanically induced mitochondrial dysfunction and chondrocyte senescence during OA progression. PDZK1 is reduced by mechanical overload, and is diminished in the articular cartilage of OA patients, aged mice and OA mice. Pdzk1 knockout in chondrocytes exacerbates mechanical overload-induced cartilage degeneration, whereas intraarticular injection of adeno-associated virus-expressing PDZK1 had a therapeutic effect. Moreover, PDZK1 loss impaired chondrocyte mitochondrial function with accumulated damaged mitochondria, decreased mitochondrion DNA (mtDNA) content and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. PDZK1 supplementation or mitoubiquinone (MitoQ) application alleviated chondrocyte senescence and cartilage degeneration and significantly protected chondrocyte mitochondrial functions. MRNA sequencing in articular cartilage from Pdzk1 knockout mice and controls showed that PDZK1 deficiency in chondrocytes interfered with mitochondrial function through inhibiting Hmgcs2 by increasing its ubiquitination. Our results suggested that PDZK1 deficiency plays a crucial role in mediating excessive mechanical load-induced chondrocyte senescence and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. PDZK1 overexpression or preservation of mitochondrial functions by MitoQ might present a new therapeutic approach for mechanical overload-induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Department, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyu Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhong Qi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Yin
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Lu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yitao Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Zeng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiqing Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Davis NK, Chionh YH, McBee ME, Hia F, Ma D, Cui L, Sharaf ML, Cai WM, Jumpathong W, Levine SS, Alonso S, Dedon PC. Facile metabolic reprogramming distinguishes mycobacterial adaptation to hypoxia and starvation: ketosis drives starvation-induced persistence in M. bovis BCG. Commun Biol 2024; 7:866. [PMID: 39009734 PMCID: PMC11250799 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria adapt to infection stresses by entering a reversible non-replicating persistence (NRP) with slow or no cell growth and broad antimicrobial tolerance. Hypoxia and nutrient deprivation are two well-studied stresses commonly used to model the NRP, yet little is known about the molecular differences in mycobacterial adaptation to these distinct stresses that lead to a comparable NRP phenotype. Here we performed a multisystem interrogation of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) starvation response, which revealed a coordinated metabolic shift away from the glycolysis of nutrient-replete growth to depletion of lipid stores, lipolysis, and fatty acid ß-oxidation in NRP. This contrasts with BCG's NRP hypoxia response involving a shift to cholesterol metabolism and triglyceride storage. Our analysis reveals cryptic metabolic vulnerabilities of the starvation-induced NRP state, such as their newfound hypersensitivity to H2O2. These observations pave the way for developing precision therapeutics against these otherwise drug refractory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick K Davis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yok Hian Chionh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- GenScript Biotech (Singapore) Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Megan E McBee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Hia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duanduan Ma
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Liang Cui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mariam Lucila Sharaf
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- BioNTech SE An der Goldgrube, Mainz, Germany
| | - Weiling Maggie Cai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- British High Commission, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Watthanachai Jumpathong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stuart S Levine
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
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25
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Sharma V, Khokhar M, Panigrahi P, Gadwal A, Setia P, Purohit P. Advancements, Challenges, and clinical implications of integration of metabolomics technologies in diabetic nephropathy. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119842. [PMID: 38969086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe complication of diabetes, involves a range of renal abnormalities driven by metabolic derangements. Metabolomics, revealing dynamic metabolic shifts in diseases like DN and offering insights into personalized treatment strategies, emerges as a promising tool for improved diagnostics and therapies. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature review to examine how metabolomics contributes to the study of DN and the challenges associated with its implementation in clinical practice. We identified and assessed relevant studies that utilized metabolomics methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) to assess their efficacy in diagnosing DN. RESULTS Metabolomics unveils key pathways in DN progression, highlighting glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomarkers like glycated albumin and free fatty acids offer insights into DN nuances, guiding potential treatments. Metabolomics detects small-molecule metabolites, revealing disease-specific patterns for personalized care. CONCLUSION Metabolomics offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DN progression and holds promise for personalized medicine approaches. Further research in this field is warranted to elucidate additional metabolic pathways and identify novel biomarkers for early detection and targeted therapeutic interventions in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - M Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - P Panigrahi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - A Gadwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - P Setia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - P Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India.
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26
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Gao Q, Zhang K, Fan M, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Effects of short-term carbohydrate deprivation on glycolipid metabolism and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:7400-7415. [PMID: 38288875 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of dietary carbohydrate levels on liver glycolipid metabolism, this study used C57BL/6J male mice receiving standard diet (CON), no-carbohydrate high-fat diet (NCD), and high-carbohydrate no-fat diet (HCD). One week after intervention, mice in the NCD group showed lower blood glucose, HbA1c and LDL-C as well as liver weight and liver index compared with the CON group. Further research found that the liver fat synthesis genes of mice in the NCD group were significantly down-regulated at the gene level, and histopathological sections showed that the livers of mice in the NCD group had less lipid accumulation. Furthermore, liver metabolomic analysis showed that primary bile acid levels and acylcarnitine levels in the liver of mice in the NCD group were significantly increased, and conversely, lysophosphatidylcholine and fatty acyl metabolites were significantly decreased. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that metabolic pathways such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly inhibited in mice in the NCD group, while metabolic pathways such as primary bile acid biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism were enhanced. Taken together, these results indicate that short-term carbohydrate deprivation improves blood glucose and lipid metabolism levels in mice; the molecular mechanism of action may involve inhibition of de novo lipogenesis and enhancement of bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kuiliang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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27
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Xue L, Chen X, Sun J, Fan M, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate and Pregnancy Outcomes: Quality over Quantity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2269. [PMID: 39064712 PMCID: PMC11280101 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary nutrition plays a crucial role in determining pregnancy outcomes, with poor diet being a major contributor to pregnancy metabolic syndrome and metabolic disorders in offspring. While carbohydrates are essential for fetal development, the excessive consumption of low-quality carbohydrates can increase the risk of pregnancy complications and have lasting negative effects on offspring development. Recent studies not only highlighted the link between carbohydrate intake during pregnancy, maternal health, and offspring well-being, but also suggested that the quality of carbohydrate foods consumed is more critical. This article reviews the impacts of low-carbohydrate and high-carbohydrate diets on pregnancy complications and offspring health, introduces the varied physiological effects of different types of carbohydrate consumption during pregnancy, and emphasizes the importance of both the quantity and quality of carbohydrates in nutritional interventions during pregnancy. These findings may offer valuable insights for guiding dietary interventions during pregnancy and shaping the future development of carbohydrate-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.X.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (H.Q.)
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
| | - Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.X.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (H.Q.)
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.X.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (H.Q.)
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.X.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (H.Q.)
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.X.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (H.Q.)
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.X.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (H.Q.)
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Khalifa A, Guijarro A, Nencioni A. Advances in Diet and Physical Activity in Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients 2024; 16:2262. [PMID: 39064705 PMCID: PMC11279876 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently a growing interest in diets and physical activity patterns that may be beneficial in preventing and treating breast cancer (BC). Mounting evidence indicates that indeed, the so-called Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and regular physical activity likely both help reduce the risk of developing BC. For those who have already received a BC diagnosis, these interventions may decrease the risk of tumor recurrence after treatment and improve quality of life. Studies also show the potential of other dietary interventions, including fasting or modified fasting, calorie restriction, ketogenic diets, and vegan or plant-based diets, to enhance the efficacy of BC therapies. In this review article, we discuss the biological rationale for utilizing these dietary interventions and physical activity in BC prevention and treatment. We highlight published and ongoing clinical studies that have applied these lifestyle interventions to BC patients. This review offers valuable insights into the potential application of these dietary interventions and physical activity as complimentary therapies in BC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ana Guijarro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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29
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Shippy DC, Evered AH, Ulland TK. Ketone body metabolism and the NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38989642 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder and the most common form of dementia. AD pathology is characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively. Neuroinflammation has been shown to drive Aβ and tau pathology, with evidence suggesting the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a key pathway in AD pathogenesis. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia, the primary immune effector cells of the brain, results in caspase-1 activation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Recent studies have demonstrated a dramatic interplay between the metabolic state and effector functions of immune cells. Microglial metabolism in AD is of particular interest, as ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetate (AcAc), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)) serve as an alternative energy source when glucose utilization is compromised in the brain of patients with AD. Furthermore, reduced cerebral glucose metabolism concomitant with increased BHB levels has been demonstrated to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we review the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and microglial ketone body metabolism in AD pathogenesis. We also highlight NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by several ketone body therapies as a promising new treatment strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Shippy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abigail H Evered
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Queathem ED, Moazzami Z, Stagg DB, Nelson AB, Fulghum K, Hayir A, Seay A, Gillingham JR, d'Avignon DA, Han X, Ruan HB, Crawford PA, Puchalska P. Ketogenesis supports hepatic polyunsaturated fatty acid homeostasis via fatty acid elongation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602593. [PMID: 39026753 PMCID: PMC11257565 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions targeting hepatic lipid metabolism in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and steatohepatitis (MASH) remain elusive. Using mass spectrometry-based stable isotope tracing and shotgun lipidomics, we established a novel link between ketogenesis and MASLD pathophysiology. Our findings show that mouse liver and primary hepatocytes consume ketone bodies to support fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis via both de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and FA elongation. Analysis of 13 C-labeled FAs in hepatocytes lacking mitochondrial D-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1) revealed a partial reliance on mitochondrial conversion of D-βOHB to acetoacetate (AcAc) for cytoplasmic DNL contribution, whereas FA elongation from ketone bodies was fully dependent on cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS). Ketone bodies were essential for polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) homeostasis in hepatocytes, as loss of AACS diminished both free and esterified PUFAs. Ketogenic insufficiency depleted liver PUFAs and increased triacylglycerols, mimicking human MASLD, suggesting that ketogenesis supports PUFA homeostasis, and may mitigate MASLD-MASH progression in humans.
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Rahmel T, Effinger D, Bracht T, Griep L, Koos B, Sitek B, Hübner M, Hirschberger S, Basten J, Timmesfeld N, Adamzik M, Kreth S. An open-label, randomized controlled trial to assess a ketogenic diet in critically ill patients with sepsis. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadn9285. [PMID: 38985853 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adn9285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Patients with sepsis experience metabolic and immunologic dysfunction that may be amplified by standard carbohydrate-based nutrition. A ketogenic diet (KD) may offer an immunologically advantageous alternative, although clinical evidence is limited. We conducted a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial to assess whether a KD could induce stable ketosis in critically ill patients with sepsis. Secondary outcomes included assessment of feasibility and safety of KD, as well as explorative analysis of clinical and immunological characteristics. Forty critically ill adults were randomized to either a ketogenic or standard high-carbohydrate diet. Stable ketosis was achieved in all KD patients, with significant increases in β-hydroxybutyrate levels compared with controls [mean difference 1.4 milimoles per liter; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0 to 1.8; P < 0.001). No major adverse events or harmful metabolic side effects (acidosis, dysglycemia, or dyslipidemia) were observed. After day 4, none of the patients in the KD group required insulin treatment, whereas in the control group, insulin dependency ranged between 35% and 60% (P = 0.009). There were no differences in 30-day survival, but ventilation-free [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5 to 2.1; P < 0.001], vasopressor-free (IRR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5 to 2.0; P < 0.001), dialysis-free (IRR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3 to 1.8; P < 0.001), and intensive care unit-free days (IRR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.1; P < 0.001) were higher in the ketogenic group. Next-generation sequencing of CD4+/CD8+ T cells and protein analyses showed reduced immune dysregulation, with decreased gene expression of T-cell activation and signaling markers and lower pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. This trial demonstrated the safe induction of a stable ketogenic state in sepsis, warranting larger trials to investigate potential benefits in sepsis-related organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Rahmel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - David Effinger
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonore Griep
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Koos
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Max Hübner
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Simon Hirschberger
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Jale Basten
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry & Epidemiology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Timmesfeld
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry & Epidemiology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Adamzik
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Simone Kreth
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich Germany
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Yao W, Tang W, Li Y, Sun H, Ding W. Association between preoperative persistent hyperglycemia and postoperative delirium in geriatric hip fracture patients. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:585. [PMID: 38977983 PMCID: PMC11232206 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of preoperative blood glucose levels in reducing the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the impact of preoperative persistent hyperglycemia on POD in geriatric patients with hip fractures. METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed medical records of patients who underwent hip fracture surgery at a tertiary medical institution between January 2013 and November 2023. Patients were categorized based on preoperative hyperglycemia (hyperglycemia defined as ≥ 6.1mmol/L), clinical classification of hyperglycemia, and percentile thresholds. Multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matching analysis (PSM) were employed to assess the association between different levels of preoperative glucose and POD. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore potential interactions. RESULTS A total of 1440 patients were included in this study, with an incidence rate of POD at 19.1% (275/1440). Utilizing multiple logistic analysis, we found that patients with hyperglycemia had a 1.65-fold increased risk of experiencing POD compared to those with normal preoperative glucose levels (95% CI: 1.17-2.32). Moreover, a significant upward trend was discerned in both the strength of association and the predicted probability of POD with higher preoperative glucose levels. PSM did not alter this trend, even after meticulous adjustments for potential confounding factors. Additionally, when treating preoperative glucose levels as a continuous variable, we observed a 6% increase in the risk of POD (95% CI: 1-12%) with each 1mmol/L elevation in preoperative glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS There exists a clear linear dose-response relationship between preoperative blood glucose levels and the risk of POD. Higher preoperative hyperglycemia was associated with a greater risk of POD. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT06473324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, Dandong, China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, Dandong, China
| | - Wanyun Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, Dandong, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, Dandong, China
| | - Hongbo Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, Dandong, China.
- Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, No. 338 Jinshan Street, Zhenxing District, Dandong, Liaoning Province, 118002, P.R. China.
| | - Wenbo Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, Dandong, China.
- Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, No. 338 Jinshan Street, Zhenxing District, Dandong, Liaoning Province, 118002, P.R. China.
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Umemura A, Sasaki A, Kumagai H, Tanahashi Y, Iwasaki T, Nitta H. Relationships Between Changes in Serum Ketone Body Levels and Metabolic Effects in Patients with Severe Obesity Who Underwent Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2607-2616. [PMID: 38842760 PMCID: PMC11217106 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum ketone bodies increase due to dynamic changes in the lipid metabolisms of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. However, there have been few studies on the role of ketone bodies after bariatric surgery. We aimed to clarify the role of and relationship between the changes in serum ketone bodies and weight loss, as well as between those changes and the metabolic effects after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS We recruited 52 patients with severe obesity who underwent LSG. We measured acetoacetic acid (AcAc) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-OHB) at the baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after LSG. Subsequently, we compared the changes in the serum ketone bodies with weight-loss effects and various metabolic parameters. RESULTS At 1 month after LSG, β-OHB significantly increased (p = 0.009), then significantly decreased 6 months after LSG (p = 0.002). In addition, β-OHB in patients without Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) was notably higher than in patients with T2D at 1 month after LSG (p < 0.001). In the early phase, both AcAc and β-OHB mainly had strong positive correlations with changes in T2D- and MASH-related parameters. In the middle term after LSG, changes in both AcAc and β-OHB were positively correlated with changes in lipid parameters and chronic kidney disease-related parameters. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the postoperative surge of ketone bodies plays a crucial function in controlling metabolic effects after LSG. These findings suggest the cause- and consequence-related roles of ketone bodies in the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Umemura
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan.
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Hideki Kumagai
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Yota Tanahashi
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Takafumi Iwasaki
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nitta
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
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Huang C, Tan H, Wang J, Huang L, Liu H, Shi Y, Zhong C, Weng S, Chen C, Zhao W, Lin Z, Li J, Zhi F, Zhang B. β-hydroxybutyrate restrains colitis-associated tumorigenesis by inhibiting HIF-1α-mediated angiogenesis. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216940. [PMID: 38729554 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Decreased levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a lipid metabolic intermediate known to slow the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), have been observed in the colon mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, patients with recurrent IBD present an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). The role and molecular mechanism of BHB in the inflammatory and carcinogenic process of CAC remains unclear. Here, the anti-tumor effect of BHB was investigated in the Azoxymethane (AOM)/Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced CAC model and tumor organoids derivatives. The underlying mechanisms were studied using transcriptome and non-target metabolomic assay and further validated in colon tumor cell lineage CT26 in vitro. The tumor tissues and the nearby non-malignant tissues from colon cancer patients were collected to measure the expression levels of ketogenic enzymes. The exogenous BHB supplement lightened tumor burden and angiogenesis in the CAC model. Notably, transcriptome analysis revealed that BHB effectively decreased the expression of VEGFA in the CAC tumor mucosa. In vitro, BHB directly reduced VEGFA expression in hypoxic-treated CT26 cells by targeting transcriptional factor HIF-1α. Conversely, the deletion of HIF-1α largely reversed the inhibitory effect of BHB on CAC tumorigenesis. Additionally, decreased expression of ketogenesis-related enzymes in tumor tissues were associated with poor survival outcomes in patients with colon cancer. In summary, BHB carries out anti-angiogenic activity in CAC by regulating HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling. These findings emphasize the role of BHB in CAC and may provide novel perspectives for the prevention and treatment of colonic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huishi Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linwen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiang Shi
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailing Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senhui Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyingzi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jierui Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Ge Z, Chen C, Chen J, Jiang Z, Chen L, Wei Y, Chen H, He L, Zou Y, Long X, Zhan H, Wang H, Wang H, Lu Y. Gut Microbiota-Derived 3-Hydroxybutyrate Blocks GPR43-Mediated IL6 Signaling to Ameliorate Radiation Proctopathy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306217. [PMID: 38742466 PMCID: PMC11267371 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Radiation proctopathy (RP) is a common complication of radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies with high incidence. RP accompanies by microbial dysbiosis. However, how the gut microbiota affects the disease remains unclear. Here, metabolomics reveals that the fecal and serous concentrations of microbiota-derived 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) are significantly reduced in RP mice and radiotherapeutic patients. Moreover, the concentration of 3HB is negatively associated with the expression of proinflammatory IL6 that is increased along with the severity of radiation damage. 3HB treatment significantly downregulates IL6 expression and alleviates IL6-mediated radiation damage. Irradiated cell-fecal microbiota co-culture experiments and in vivo assays show that such a radioprotection of 3HB is mediated by GPR43. Microbiome analysis reveals that radiation leads to a distinct bacterial community compared to untreated controls, in which Akkermansia muciniphila is significantly reduced in RP mice and radiotherapeutic patients and is associated with lower 3HB concentration. Gavage of A. muciniphila significantly increases 3HB concentration, downregulates GPR43 and IL6 expression, and ameliorates radiation damage. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the gut microbiota, including A. muciniphila, induce higher concentrations of 3HB to block GPR43-mediated IL6 signaling, thereby conferring radioprotection. The findings reveal a novel implication of the gut-immune axis in radiation pathophysiology, with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuang Ge
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
- Shanghai General Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Lingming Chen
- School of Medical TechnologyGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguan523808China
| | - Yingqi Wei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
| | - Lei He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510095China
- Key Laboratory for Cell HomeostasisCancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesGuangzhou510095China
| | - Yi Zou
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Xiaoxuan Long
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Hongyu Zhan
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesSupported by National Key Clinical DisciplineGuangzhou510655China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesSupported by National Key Clinical DisciplineGuangzhou510655China
| | - Yongjun Lu
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
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Li R, Liu Y, Wu J, Chen X, Lu Q, Xia K, Liu C, Sui X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Li R, Ba Y, Fang J, Huang W, Lu Z, Li Y, Liao X, Xiang AP, Huang Y. Adaptive Metabolic Responses Facilitate Blood-Brain Barrier Repair in Ischemic Stroke via BHB-Mediated Epigenetic Modification of ZO-1 Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400426. [PMID: 38666466 PMCID: PMC11220715 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive metabolic responses and innate metabolites hold promising therapeutic potential for stroke, while targeted interventions require a thorough understanding of underlying mechanisms. Adiposity is a noted modifiable metabolic risk factor for stroke, and recent research suggests that it benefits neurological rehabilitation. During the early phase of experimental stroke, the lipidomic results showed that fat depots underwent pronounced lipolysis and released fatty acids (FAs) that feed into consequent hepatic FA oxidation and ketogenesis. Systemic supplementation with the predominant ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is found to exert discernible effects on preserving blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and facilitating neuroinflammation resolution. Meanwhile, blocking FAO-ketogenesis processes by administration of CPT1α antagonist or shRNA targeting HMGCS2 exacerbated endothelial damage and aggravated stroke severity, whereas BHB supplementation blunted these injuries. Mechanistically, it is unveiled that BHB infusion is taken up by monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (MCT1) specifically expressed in cerebral endothelium and upregulated the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 by enhancing local β-hydroxybutyrylation of H3K9 at the promoter of TJP1 gene. Conclusively, an adaptive metabolic mechanism is elucidated by which acute lipolysis stimulates FAO-ketogenesis processes to restore BBB integrity after stroke. Ketogenesis functions as an early metabolic responder to restrain stroke progression, providing novel prospectives for clinical translation.
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Iordan L, Gaita L, Timar R, Avram V, Sturza A, Timar B. The Renoprotective Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i)-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7057. [PMID: 39000165 PMCID: PMC11241663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a noncommunicable condition that has become a major healthcare burden across the globe, often underdiagnosed and associated with low awareness. The main cause that leads to the development of renal impairment is diabetes mellitus and, in contrast to other chronic complications such as retinopathy or neuropathy, it has been suggested that intensive glycemic control is not sufficient in preventing the development of diabetic kidney disease. Nevertheless, a novel class of antidiabetic agents, the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), have shown multiple renoprotective properties that range from metabolic and hemodynamic to direct renal effects, with a major impact on reducing the risk of occurrence and progression of CKD. Thus, this review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the renoprotective mechanisms of SGLT2i and to offer a new perspective on this innovative class of antihyperglycemic drugs with proven pleiotropic beneficial effects that, after decades of no significant progress in the prevention and in delaying the decline of renal function, start a new era in the management of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Iordan
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura Gaita
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Romulus Timar
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Avram
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sturza
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Timar
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (L.I.); (R.T.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Wong A, Sun Q, Latif II, Karwi QG. Metabolic flux in macrophages in obesity and type-2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:13210. [PMID: 38988822 PMCID: PMC11233469 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent literature extensively investigates the crucial role of energy metabolism in determining the inflammatory response and polarization status of macrophages. This rapidly expanding area of research highlights the importance of understanding the link between energy metabolism and macrophage function. The metabolic pathways in macrophages are intricate and interdependent, and they can affect the polarization of macrophages. Previous studies suggested that glucose flux through cytosolic glycolysis is necessary to trigger pro-inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages, and fatty acid oxidation is crucial to support anti-inflammatory responses. However, recent studies demonstrated that this understanding is oversimplified and that the metabolic control of macrophage polarization is highly complex and not fully understood yet. How the metabolic flux through different metabolic pathways (glycolysis, glucose oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, ketone oxidation, and amino acid oxidation) is altered by obesity- and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated insulin resistance is also not fully defined. This mini-review focuses on the impact of insulin resistance in obesity and T2D on the metabolic flux through the main metabolic pathways in macrophages, which might be linked to changes in their inflammatory responses. We closely evaluated the experimental studies and methodologies used in the published research and highlighted priority research areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Qiuyu Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ismail Ibrahim Latif
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubaa, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, NL, Canada
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Orban B, Tengölics R, Zavori L, Simon D, Erdo-Bonyar S, Molnar T, Schwarcz A, Csecsei P. The Difference in Serum Metabolomic Profiles between the Good and Poor Outcome Groups at 3 Months in the Early and Late Phases of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6597. [PMID: 38928303 PMCID: PMC11203497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the characteristics of serum metabolomics in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients (aSAH) with different 3-month outcomes (good = modified Rankin score: 0-3 vs. poor = mRS 4-6). We collected serum samples from 46 aSAH patients at 24 (D1) and 168 (D7) hours after injury for analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ninety-six different metabolites were identified. Groups were compared using multivariate (orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis), univariate, and receiving operator characteristic (ROC) methods. We observed a marked decrease in serum homocysteine levels at the late phase (D7) compared to the early phase (D1). At both D1 and D7, mannose and sorbose levels were notably higher, alongside elevated levels of kynurenine (D1) and increased 2-hydroxybutyrate, methyl-galactoside, creatine, xanthosine, p-hydroxyphenylacetate, N-acetylalanine, and N-acetylmethionine (all D7) in the poor outcome group. Conversely, levels of guanidinoacetate (D7) and several amino acids (both D1 and D7) were significantly lower in patients with poor outcomes. Our results indicate significant changes in energy metabolism, shifting towards ketosis and alternative energy sources, both in the early and late phases, even with adequate enteral nutrition, particularly in patients with poor outcomes. The early activation of the kynurenine pathway may also play a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Orban
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7632 Pecs, Hungary; (B.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Metabolomics Lab, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Core Facilities, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine—Biological Research Centre Metabolic Systems Biology Lab, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Zavori
- Emergency Department, Saudi German Hospital, Dubai 391093, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Diana Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7632 Pecs, Hungary; (D.S.); (S.E.-B.)
| | - Szabina Erdo-Bonyar
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7632 Pecs, Hungary; (D.S.); (S.E.-B.)
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7632 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Attila Schwarcz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7632 Pecs, Hungary; (B.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Peter Csecsei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7632 Pecs, Hungary; (B.O.); (A.S.)
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Grundler F, Mesnage R, Ruppert PMM, Kouretas D, Wilhelmi de Toledo F. Long-Term Fasting-Induced Ketosis in 1610 Subjects: Metabolic Regulation and Safety. Nutrients 2024; 16:1849. [PMID: 38931204 PMCID: PMC11206495 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing consensus that fasting-induced ketosis has beneficial effects on human physiology. Despite these compelling benefits, fasting-induced ketosis raises concerns in some clinicians because it is often inappropriately compared with the pathologic uncontrolled ketone production in diabetic ketoacidosis. The determinants of the inter-individual differences in the intensity of ketosis during long-term fasting is unknown. METHODS We monitored daily variations in fasting ketonemia, as well as ketonuria, which is less invasive, in a large cohort of 1610 subjects, fasting between 4 and 21 days with the Buchinger Wilhelmi program, minimally supplemented with ~75-250 kcal (daily fruit juice, vegetable soup, and honey). RESULTS Ketonuria was detected in more than 95% of fasting subjects from day 4 onwards. Subjects consuming only soups, without fruit juice or honey, exhibited reduced caloric intake (72 kcal instead of 236 kcal) and carbohydrate intake (15.6 g instead of 56.5 g), leading to more intense ketonuria. Participants with high ketonuria were, in the majority, males, young, had a higher body weight, and had lower HDL-C and urea values. They had a larger decrease in blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin levels, body weight, and waist circumference. Furthermore, in the high-ketonuria group, a larger increase in blood uric acid concentration was observed. CONCLUSION Our study showed that long-term fasting triggered ketosis, never reaching pathological levels, and that ketosis is influenced by age, gender, health, and the level of physical activity. Furthermore, it is modulated but not suppressed by minimal carbohydrate intake. Our study paves the way for better understanding how supplementation can modulate the therapeutic effects and tolerability of long-term fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Grundler
- Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Wilhelmi-Beck-Straße 27, 88662 Überlingen, Germany; (F.G.); (F.W.d.T.)
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Wilhelmi-Beck-Straße 27, 88662 Überlingen, Germany; (F.G.); (F.W.d.T.)
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Philip M. M. Ruppert
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BMB), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
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Khorrami Chokami K, Khorrami Chokami A, Cammarata G, Piras G, Albertelli M, Gatto F, Vera L, Ferone D, Boschetti M. Current perspectives in obesity management: unraveling the impact of different therapy approach in real life obesity care. J Transl Med 2024; 22:536. [PMID: 38844956 PMCID: PMC11155047 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The challenge of addressing obesity persists in healthcare, necessitating nuanced approaches and personalized strategies. This study aims to evaluate the effects of diverse therapeutic interventions on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in individuals with overweight and obesity within a real-world clinical context. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 192 patients (141 females, 51 males) aged 18 to 75, with a BMI ranging from 25 to 30 (14.1%) and BMI ≥ 30 (85.9%), observed over a 12-month period at our Endocrinology Unit. Treatment cohorts comprised individuals following different regimens: Mediterranean Diet (MD), with an approximate daily intake of 1500 kcal for women and 1800 kcal for men (71% patients); Ketogenic Diet (KD), utilizing the VLCKD protocol characterized by a highly hypocaloric dietary regimen < 800 kcal/day (14% patients); metformin, administered using the oral formulation (5% patients); pharmacological intervention with GLP1-RA administered via subcutaneous injection with incremental dosage (10% patients). Supply constraints limited the efficacy of Liraglutide, whereas Semaglutide was excluded from comparisons due to its unavailability for obesity without diabetes. Blood tests were conducted to assess lipid profile, glycemic profile, and anthropometric parameters, including BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio. RESULTS Significant BMI changes were observed from baseline to 6 months across MD, KD, and Liraglutide groups (p < 0.05). KD exhibited notable reductions in waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio within the initial quarter (p < 0.05), with a significant triglyceride decrease after 6 months (p < 0.05), indicating its efficacy over MD. Liraglutide demonstrated a substantial reduction in HbA1c levels in the first quarter (p < 0.05). During the first three months, the ANOVA test on fasting blood glucose showed a statistically significant impact of the time variable (p < 0.05) rather than the specific treatments themselves (Liraglutide and KD), suggesting that adherence during the early stages of therapy may be more critical than treatment choice. CONCLUSIONS Positive outcomes from targeted interventions, whether pharmacological or dietary should encourage the exploration of innovative, long-term strategies that include personalized treatment alternation. The absence of standardized protocols underscores the importance of careful and tailored planning in managing obesity as a chronic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Khorrami Chokami
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Cammarata
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Grazia Piras
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Manuela Albertelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, 16132, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Federico Gatto
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Lara Vera
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Diego Ferone
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, 16132, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Mara Boschetti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, 16132, Italy.
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy.
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Rico JE, Barrientos-Blanco MA. Invited review: Ketone biology-The shifting paradigm of ketones and ketosis in the dairy cow. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3367-3388. [PMID: 38246539 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Ketosis is currently regarded as a major metabolic disorder of dairy cows, reflective of the animal's efforts to adapt to energy deficit while transitioning into lactation. Currently viewed as a pathology by some, ketosis is associatively implicated in milk production losses and peripartal health complications that increase the risk of early removal of cows from the herd, thus carrying economic losses for dairy farmers and jeopardizing the sustainability of the dairy industry. Despite decades of intense research in the mitigation of ketosis and its sequelae, our ability to lessen its purported effects remains limited. Moreover, the association of ketosis to reduced milk production and peripartal disease is often erratic and likely mired by concurrent potential confounders. In this review, we discuss the potential reasons for these apparent paradoxes in the light of currently available evidence, with a focus on the limitations of observational research and the necessary steps to unambiguously identify the effects of ketosis on cow health and performance via controlled randomized experimentation. A nuanced perspective is proposed that considers the dissociation of ketosis-as a disease-from healthy hyperketonemia. Furthermore, in consideration of a growing body of evidence that highlights positive roles of ketones in the mitigation of metabolic dysfunction and chronic diseases, we consider the hypothetical functions of ketones as health-promoting metabolites and ponder on their potential usefulness to enhance dairy cow health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eduardo Rico
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 24740.
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Madonna R, Biondi F, Alberti M, Ghelardoni S, Mattii L, D'Alleva A. Cardiovascular outcomes and molecular targets for the cardiac effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116650. [PMID: 38678962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a new class of glucose-lowering drugs traditionally used to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been proven to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death, in patients with heart failure irrespective of ejection fraction and independently of the hypoglycemic effect. Because of their favorable effects on the kidney and cardiovascular outcomes, their use has been expanded in all patients with any combination of diabetes mellitus type 2, chronic kidney disease and heart failure. Although mechanisms explaining the effects of these drugs on the cardiovascular system are not well understood, their effectiveness in all these conditions suggests that they act at the intersection of the metabolic, renal and cardiac axes, thus disrupting maladaptive vicious cycles while contrasting direct organ damage. In this systematic review we provide a state of the art of the randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of SGLT2i on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and/or heart failure irrespective of ejection fraction and diabetes. We also discuss the molecular targets and signaling pathways potentially explaining the cardiac effects of these pharmacological agents, from a clinical and experimental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Filippo Biondi
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Mattia Alberti
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Sandra Ghelardoni
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Mattii
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Histology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto D'Alleva
- Cardiac Intensive Care and Interventional Cardiology Unit, Santo Spirito Hospital, Pescara, Italy
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Padilla CJ, Harris H, Volek JS, Clark BC, Arnold WD. Effects of a ketogenic diet on motor function and motor unit number estimation in aged C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100219. [PMID: 38582033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathological, age-related loss of muscle function, commonly referred to as sarcopenia, contributes to loss of mobility, impaired independence, as well as increased risk of adverse health events. Sarcopenia has been attributed to changes in both neural and muscular integrity during aging. Current treatment options are primarily limited to exercise and dietary protein fortification, but the therapeutic impact of these approaches are often inadequate. Prior work has suggested that a ketogenic diet (KD) might improve healthspan and lifespan in aging mice. Thus, we sought to investigate the effects of a KD on neuromuscular indices of sarcopenia in aged C57BL/6 mice. DESIGN A randomized, controlled pre-clinical experiment consisting of longitudinal assessments performed starting at 22-months of age (baseline) as well as 2, 6 and 10 weeks after the start of a KD vs. regular chow intervention. SETTING Preclinical laboratory study. SAMPLE SIZE Thirty-six 22-month-old mice were randomized into 2 dietary groups: KD [n = 22 (13 female and 9 male)], and regular chow [n = 15 (7 female and 8 male)]. MEASUREMENTS Measures included body mass, hindlimb and all limb grip strength, rotarod for motor performance, plantarflexion muscle contractility, motor unit number estimations (MUNE), and repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) as an index of neuromuscular junction transmission efficacy recorded from the gastrocnemius muscle. At end point, muscle wet weight and blood samples were collected to assess blood beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Primary analyses were two-way mixed effects ANOVA (diet and time × diet) to determine the effect of a KD on indices of motor function (grip, rotarod) and indices of motor unit (MUNE) and muscle (contractility) function. RESULTS Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was significantly higher at 10 weeks in mice on a KD vs control group (0.83 ± 0.44 mmol/l versus 0.42 ± 0.21 mmol/l, η2 = 0.265, unpaired t-test, p = 0.0060). Mice on the KD intervention demonstrated significantly increased hindlimb grip strength (diet, p = 0.0001; time × diet, p = 0.0030), all limb grip strength (diet, p = 0.0005; time × diet, p = 0.0523), and rotarod latency to fall (diet, p = 0.0126; time × diet, p = 0.0021). Mice treated with the KD intervention also demonstrated increased MUNE (diet, p = 0.0465; time × diet, p = 0.0064), but no difference in muscle contractility (diet, p = 0.5248; time × diet, p = 0.5836) or RNS (diet, p = 0.3562; time × diet, p = 0.9871). CONCLUSION KD intervention improved neuromuscular and motor function in aged mice. This pre-clinical work suggests that further research is needed to assess the efficacy and physiological effects of a KD on indices of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Padilla
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Hallie Harris
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Brian C Clark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - W David Arnold
- University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; NextGen Precision Health Initiative, University of Missouri System, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Lundanes J, Sandnes F, Gjeilo KH, Hansson P, Salater S, Martins C, Nymo S. Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on pain and quality of life in female patients with lipedema: a randomized controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1071-1082. [PMID: 38627016 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) compared with a control diet on pain in female patients with lipedema. The secondary objectives were to compare the impact of the two diets on quality of life (QoL) and investigate potential associations of changes in pain with changes in body weight, body composition, and ketosis. METHODS Adult female patients with lipedema and obesity were randomized to either the LCD or control diet (energy prescription: 1200 kcal/day) for 8 weeks. Body weight and body composition, pain (Brief Pain Inventory measured pain), and QoL (RAND 36-Item Health Survey [RAND-36], Impact of Weight on Quality of Life [IWQOL]-Lite, and Lymphoedema Quality of Life [LYMQOL]) were measured at baseline and at postintervention. RESULTS A total of 70 female patients (age, mean [SD], 47 [11] years; BMI 37 [5] kg/m2) were included. The LCD group had greater weight loss (-2.8 kg; 95% CI: -4.1 to -1.0; p < 0.001) and larger reduction in pain now (-1.1; 95% CI: -1.9 to -0.3; p = 0.009) compared with the control group. No association was found between changes in pain now and weight loss. Both groups experienced improvements in several QoL dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Diet-induced weight loss in women with lipedema can improve QoL. An energy-restricted LCD seems to be superior to a standard control diet in reducing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Lundanes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos Hospital, Namsos, Norway
| | - Frida Sandnes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Nutrition and Speech-Language Therapy, Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari Hanne Gjeilo
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Patrik Hansson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sissel Salater
- Regional Center for Obesity Research and Innovation (ObeCe), Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Catia Martins
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Regional Center for Obesity Research and Innovation (ObeCe), Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Siren Nymo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos Hospital, Namsos, Norway
- Regional Center for Obesity Research and Innovation (ObeCe), Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Wang P, Tadeo X, Chew HSJ, Sapanel Y, Ong YH, Leung NYT, Chow EKH, Ho D. N-of-1 health optimization: Digital monitoring of biomarker dynamics to gamify adherence to metabolic switching. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae214. [PMID: 38881838 PMCID: PMC11179112 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The digital health field is experiencing substantial growth due to its potential for sustained and longitudinal deployment. In turn, this may drive improved monitoring and intervention as catalysts for behavioral change compared to traditional point-of-care practices. In particular, the increase in incidence of population health challenges such as diabetes, heart disease, fatty liver disease, and other disorders coupled with rising healthcare costs have emphasized the importance of exploring technical, economics, and implementation considerations, among others in the decentralization of health and healthcare innovations. Both healthy individuals and patients stand to benefit from continued technical advances and studies in these domains. To address these points, this study reports a N-of-1 study comprised of sustained regimens of intermittent fasting, fitness (strength and cardiovascular training), and high protein, low carbohydrate diet and parallel monitoring. These regimens were paired with serial blood ketone, blood glucose (wearable and finger stick) and blood pressure readings, as well as body weight measurements using a collection of devices. Collectively this suite of platforms and approaches were used to monitor metabolic switching from glucose to ketones as energy sources-a process associated with potential cardio- and neuroprotective functions. In addition to longitudinal biomarker dynamics, this work discusses user perspectives on the potential role of harnessing digital devices to these dynamics as potential gamification factors, as well as considerations for the role of biomarker monitoring in health regimen development, user stratification, and potentially informing downstream population-scale studies to address metabolic disease, healthy aging and longevity, among other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Xavier Tadeo
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Han Shi Jocelyn Chew
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yoann Sapanel
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Singapore's Health District @ Queenstown, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Yoong Hun Ong
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Nicole Yong Ting Leung
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Singapore's Health District @ Queenstown, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- The Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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47
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Khouri H, Roberge M, Ussher JR, Aguer C. Acetoacetate and d- and l-β-hydroxybutyrate have distinct effects on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1710-C1720. [PMID: 38708524 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00718.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Ketone bodies (acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate) are oxidized in skeletal muscle mainly during fasting as an alternative source of energy to glucose. Previous studies suggest that there is a negative relationship between increased muscle ketolysis and muscle glucose metabolism in mice with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we investigated the connection between increased ketone body exposure and muscle glucose metabolism by measuring the effect of a 3-h exposure to ketone bodies on glucose uptake in differentiated L6 myotubes. We showed that exposure to acetoacetate at a typical concentration (0.2 mM) resulted in increased basal glucose uptake in L6 myotubes, which was dependent on increased membrane glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was also increased with a concentration of acetoacetate reflective of diabetic ketoacidosis or a ketogenic diet (1 mM). We found that β-hydroxybutyrate had a variable effect on basal glucose uptake: a racemic mixture of the two β-hydroxybutyrate enantiomers (d and l) appeared to decrease basal glucose uptake, while 3 mM d-β-hydroxybutyrate alone increased basal glucose uptake. However, the effects of the ketone bodies individually were not observed when acetoacetate was present in combination with β-hydroxybutyrate. These results provide insight that will help elucidate the effect of ketone bodies in the context of specific metabolic diseases and nutritional states (e.g., type 2 diabetes and ketogenic diets).NEW & NOTEWORTHY A limited number of studies investigate the effect of ketone bodies at concentrations reflective of both typical fasting and ketoacidosis. We tested a mix of physiologically relevant concentrations of ketone bodies, which allowed us to highlight the differential effects of d- and l-β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate on skeletal muscle cell glucose uptake. Our findings will assist in better understanding the mechanisms that contribute to muscle insulin resistance and provide guidance on recommendations regarding ketogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Khouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort - recherche, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathilde Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort - recherche, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort - recherche, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University - Campus Outaouais, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
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48
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Ruan T, Wu Y, Liu C, Xu M, Yu J. Prognostic role of urinary ketone body in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy without hepatic failure: a retrospective cohort study. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:983-991. [PMID: 38480612 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is defined as a dysfunction of the central nervous system experienced during sepsis with variable clinical features. The study aims to identify the prognostic role of urinary ketone bodies in relation to clinical outcomes in patients with SAE. The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database was used to conduct a retrospective cohort study. We recruited 427 patients with SAE admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from the MIMIC-III database. Patients with SAE were divided into a survival group (380 patients) and a non-survival group (47 patients). We used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the multivariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the relationship between the level of urinary ketone bodies and the clinical prognosis in patients with SAE. The primary outcome was the relationship between urinary ketone body levels and 28-day mortality of SAE. The secondary outcomes were the relationship between urinary ketone body levels and length of ICU stays, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Glasgow Coma Scale, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and the use of vasopressors. The 28-day mortality of patients with SAE was 11.0%. Urinary ketone body levels were not significantly associated with the 28-day mortality of patients with SAE. Urinary ketone body levels were associated with SOFA score and the use of vasopressors in patients with SAE. The SOFA score was an independent risk factor for the 28-day mortality in patients with SAE. Urinary ketone body levels were significantly associated with SOFA score and the use of vasopressors in patients with SAE. Furthermore, the SOFA score can predict the prognosis of short-term outcomes of patients with SAE. Therefore, we should closely monitor the changes of urinary ketone bodies and SOFA score and intervene in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ruan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Chuanning Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Mu Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300100, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China.
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Jeon Y, Li L, Bhatia M, Ryu H, Santo Domingo JW, Brown J, Goetz J, Seo Y. Impact of harmful algal bloom severity on bacterial communities in a full-scale biological filtration system for drinking water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171301. [PMID: 38423320 PMCID: PMC11333992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater environments has been expanded worldwide with growing frequency and severity. HABs can pose a threat to public water supplies, raising concerns about safety of treated water. Many studies have provided valuable information about the impacts of HABs and management strategies on the early-stage treatment processes (e.g., pre-oxidation and coagulation/flocculation) in conventional drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). However, the potential effect of HAB-impacted water in the granular media filtration has not been well studied. Biologically-active filters (BAFs), which are used in drinking water treatment and rely largely on bacterial community interactions, have not been examined during HABs in full-scale DWTPs. In this study, we assessed the bacterial community structure of BAFs, functional profiles, assembly processes, and bio-interactions in the community during both severe and mild HABs. Our findings indicate that bacterial diversity in BAFs significantly decreases during severe HABs due to the predominance of bloom-associated bacteria (e.g., Spingopyxis, Porphyrobacter, and Sphingomonas). The excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) confirmed that filter influent affected by the severe HAB contained a higher portion of protein-like substances than filter influent samples during a mild bloom. In addition, BAF community functions showed increases in metabolisms associated with intracellular algal organic matter (AOM), such as lipids and amino acids, during severe HABs. Further ecological process and network analyses revealed that severe HAB, accompanied by the abundance of bloom-associated taxa and increased nutrient availability, led to not only strong stochastic processes in the assembly process, but also a bacterial community with lower complexity in BAFs. Overall, this study provides deeper insights into BAF bacterial community structure, function, and assembly in response to HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchul Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America
| | - Mudit Bhatia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America
| | - Hodon Ryu
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America
| | - Jess Brown
- Carollo Engineers' Research and Development Practice, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, United States of America
| | - Jake Goetz
- City of Toledo Colins Park Water Treatment, Toledo, OH 43605, United States of America
| | - Youngwoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America.
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50
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Ren T, He J, Zhang T, Niu A, Yuan Y, Zuo Y, Miao Y, Zhang H, Zang L, Qiao C, Cao X, Yang X, Zheng Z, Xu Y, Wu D, Zheng H. Exercise activates interferon response of the liver via Gpld1 to enhance antiviral innate immunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk5011. [PMID: 38809975 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Healthy behavioral patterns could modulate organ functions to enhance the body's immunity. However, how exercise regulates antiviral innate immunity remains elusive. Here, we found that exercise promotes type I interferon (IFN-I) production in the liver and enhances IFN-I immune activity of the body. Despite the possibility that many exercise-induced factors could affect IFN-I production, we identified Gpld1 as a crucial molecule, and the liver as the major organ to promote IFN-I production after exercise. Exercise largely loses the efficiency to induce IFN-I in Gpld1-/- mice. Further studies demonstrated that exercise-produced 3-hydroxybutanoic acid (3-HB) critically induces Gpld1 expression in the liver. Gpld1 blocks the PP2A-IRF3 interaction, thus enhancing IRF3 activation and IFN-I production, and eventually improving the body's antiviral ability. This study reveals that exercise improves antiviral innate immunity by linking the liver metabolism to systemic IFN-I activity and uncovers an unknown function of liver cells in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department/Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiuyi He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Anxing Niu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yukang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yibo Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lichao Zang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Caixia Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinhua Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zhijin Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department/Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease and Immunology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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