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Ray S, Palui R. Immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes: Novel pathway to the future ahead. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:2022-2035. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of insulin over 100 years ago, the focus of research in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has centered around glycemic control and management of complications rather than the prevention of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Fortunately, in recent years, there has been significant advancement in immune-targeted pharmacotherapy to halt the natural progression of T1D. The immune-targeted intervention aims to alter the underlying pathogenesis of T1D by targeting different aspects of the immune system. The immunotherapy can either antagonize the immune mediators like T cells, B cells or cytokines (antibody-based therapy), or reinduce self-tolerance to pancreatic β cells (antigen-based therapy) or stem-cell treatment. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first immunotherapy teplizumab to be used only in stage 2 of T1D. However, the window of opportunity to practically implement this approved molecule in the selected target population is limited. In this Editorial, we briefly discuss the various promising recent developments in the field of immunotherapy research in T1D. However, further studies of these newer therapeutic agents are needed to explore their true potential for prevention or cure of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Ray
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, India
| | - Rajan Palui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur 713212, India
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2
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Zhao Y, Veysman B, Antolijao K, Zhao Y, Papagni Y, Wang H, Ross R, Tibbot T, Povrzenic D, Fox R. Increase in the Expression of Glucose Transporter 2 (GLUT2) on the Peripheral Blood Insulin-Producing Cells (PB-IPC) in Type 1 Diabetic Patients after Receiving Stem Cell Educator Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8337. [PMID: 39125908 PMCID: PMC11313087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multicenter international clinical trials demonstrated the clinical safety and efficacy by using stem cell educator therapy to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune diseases. Previous studies characterized the peripheral blood insulin-producing cells (PB-IPC) from healthy donors with high potential to give rise to insulin-producing cells. PB-IPC displayed the molecular marker glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), contributing to the glucose transport and sensing. To improve the clinical efficacy of stem cell educator therapy in the restoration of islet β-cell function, we explored the GLUT2 expression on PB-IPC in recent onset and longstanding T1D patients. In the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved phase 2 clinical studies, patients received one treatment with the stem cell educator therapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated for flow cytometry analysis of PB-IPC and other immune markers before and after the treatment with stem cell educator therapy. Flow cytometry revealed that both recent onset and longstanding T1D patients displayed very low levels of GLUT2 on PB-IPC. After the treatment with stem cell educator therapy, the percentages of GLUT2+CD45RO+ PB-IPC were markedly increased in these T1D subjects. Notably, we found that T1D patients shared common clinical features with patients with other autoimmune and inflammation-associated diseases, such as displaying low or no expression of GLUT2 on PB-IPC at baseline and exhibiting a high profile of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. Flow cytometry demonstrated that their GLUT2 expressions on PB-IPC were also markedly upregulated, and the levels of IL-1β-positive cells were significantly downregulated after the treatment with stem cell educator therapy. Stem cell educator therapy could upregulate the GLUT2 expression on PB-IPC and restore their function in T1D patients, leading to the improvement of clinical outcomes. The clinical data advances current understanding about the molecular mechanisms underlying the stem cell educator therapy, which can be expanded to treat patients with other autoimmune and inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | | | | | - Yelu Zhao
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | | | | | - Robin Ross
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Terri Tibbot
- Life Line Stem Cell Tissue, Cord Blood Bank, New Haven, IN 46774, USA
| | | | - Richard Fox
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
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Azarbarz N, Nejaddehbashi F, Khorsandi L, Bijan Nejad D, Sayyahi A. Autophagy enhances the differentiation of insulin-producing cells from Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102384. [PMID: 38626526 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy disruption suppresses insulin production and induces diabetes. The role of autophagy in the differentiation of Wharton's jelly (WJ)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJSCs) into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) was investigated in this experimental study. The WJSCs were incubated in a differentiation medium (DM) with or without an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine: 3MA). The differentiation of IPCs was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis of PDX-1 and insulin-positive cells, insulin secretion, and the high expression of β cell-specific genes, Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), and INSULIN. Autophagy has been assessed by calculating the percentage of Acridine orange (AO)-positive cells, expression of autophagy-related genes, and the LC3B/LC3A ratio. β cell-specific genes were up-regulated in the DM group, and 3MA decreased their expression. In the DM+3MA-treated cells, the expression of GLUT-2 and INSULIN genes and insulin secretion decreased compared to the DM group. In cells treated with 3MA, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of PDX-1 and insulin-positive cells compared to 3MA-untreated cells. Additionally, in the group receiving both DM and 3MA treatment, the expression of autophagy-related genes, the LC3B/LC3A protein ratio, and the percentage of AO-stained cells were significantly reduced compared to the group receiving only DM treatment. These findings suggest autophagy is essential for β cell differentiation and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Azarbarz
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Nejaddehbashi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Dariuosh Bijan Nejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Sayyahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Li J, Sun L, Bian F, Pandol SJ, Li L. Emerging approaches for the development of artificial islets. SMART MEDICINE 2024; 3:e20230042. [PMID: 39188698 PMCID: PMC11235711 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20230042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The islet of Langerhans, functioning as a "mini organ", plays a vital role in regulating endocrine activities due to its intricate structure. Dysfunction in these islets is closely associated with the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). To offer valuable insights for DM research and treatment, various approaches have been proposed to create artificial islets or islet organoids with high similarity to natural islets, under the collaborative effort of biologists, clinical physicians, and biomedical engineers. This review investigates the design and fabrication of artificial islets considering both biological and tissue engineering aspects. It begins by examining the natural structures and functions of native islets and proceeds to analyze the protocols for generating islets from stem cells. The review also outlines various techniques used in crafting artificial islets, with a specific focus on hydrogel-based ones. Additionally, it provides a concise overview of the materials and devices employed in the clinical applications of artificial islets. Throughout, the primary goal is to develop artificial islets, thereby bridging the realms of developmental biology, clinical medicine, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Feika Bian
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
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Zhou Z, Liu J, Xiong T, Liu Y, Tuan RS, Li ZA. Engineering Innervated Musculoskeletal Tissues for Regenerative Orthopedics and Disease Modeling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310614. [PMID: 38200684 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders significantly burden patients and society, resulting in high healthcare costs and productivity loss. These disorders are the leading cause of physical disability, and their prevalence is expected to increase as sedentary lifestyles become common and the global population of the elderly increases. Proper innervation is critical to maintaining MSK function, and nerve damage or dysfunction underlies various MSK disorders, underscoring the potential of restoring nerve function in MSK disorder treatment. However, most MSK tissue engineering strategies have overlooked the significance of innervation. This review first expounds upon innervation in the MSK system and its importance in maintaining MSK homeostasis and functions. This will be followed by strategies for engineering MSK tissues that induce post-implantation in situ innervation or are pre-innervated. Subsequently, research progress in modeling MSK disorders using innervated MSK organoids and organs-on-chips (OoCs) is analyzed. Finally, the future development of engineering innervated MSK tissues to treat MSK disorders and recapitulate disease mechanisms is discussed. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying principles, engineering methods, and applications of innervated MSK tissues, paving the way for the development of targeted, efficacious therapies for various MSK conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tiandi Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
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Ansarullah, Migliorini A, Bakhti M. Editorial: Islet cell development, heterogeneity and regeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1404839. [PMID: 38828416 PMCID: PMC11140119 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1404839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ansarullah
- Center for Biometric Analysis, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Adriana Migliorini
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
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Abstract
Recent years witnessed advancements in diabetes technologies and therapeutics. People with type 1 diabetes have more options to control their blood glucose, prevent hypoglycemia, and spend more time with their loved ones. Newer diabetes technologies and therapeutics improve the quality of life and boost the confidence of people with type 1 diabetes. In parallel to changes in the diabetes technology field, stem cell research has been evolving. Gene editing and production of β cells from stem cells are ongoing. The current focus of cure studies is how to increase the survival of cells produced with stem cells. New adjunctive therapies are under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halis Kaan Akturk
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, 1775 Aurora Court, Room 1319, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Alexis M McKee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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D'Addio F, Assi E, Maestroni A, Rossi G, Usuelli V, Petrazzuolo A, Nardini M, Loretelli C, Ben Nasr M, Fiorina P. TMEM219 regulates the transcription factor expression and proliferation of beta cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1306127. [PMID: 38318298 PMCID: PMC10839017 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1306127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells replenishment is considered the next therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes; while stimulating endogenous beta cells proliferation is the "holy grail" for those patients with exhausted beta cell mass. Here we are demonstrating that the pro-apoptotic receptor TMEM219 is expressed in fetal pancreas, in beta cell precursors and in in vitro embryonic-derived endocrine progenitors. TMEM219 signaling negatively regulates beta cells at early stages and induces Caspase 8-mediated cell death. Pharmacological blockade of TMEM219 further rescued beta cell precursor and proliferation markers, and decreased cell death, both in islets and in in vitro-derived endocrine progenitors, allowing for beta cell preservation. While addressing the upstream controlling TMEM219 expression, we determined the TMEM219 miRNet; indeed, one of those miRNAs, miR-129-2, is highly expressed in human islets, particularly in patients at risk or with established type 1 diabetes. miR-129-2 mimic downregulated TMEM219 expression in islets, in in vitro embryonic-derived endocrine progenitors and in highly proliferating insulinoma-derived cells. Moreover, miR-129-2 inhibitor induced a TMEM219 overexpression in insulinoma-derived cells, which restored cell proliferation and functional markers, thus acting as endogenous regulator of TMEM219 expression. The TMEM219 upstream regulator miR129-2 controls the fate of beta cell precursors and may unleash their regenerative potentials to replenish beta cells in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Assi
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maestroni
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Rossi
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Petrazzuolo
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Nardini
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Goyal P, Malviya R. Stem Cell Therapy for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes: Advances and Perspectives. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:549-561. [PMID: 37861029 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303256582230919093535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to insulin resistance and excessive blood sugar levels, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by pancreatic cell loss. This condition affects young people at a higher rate than any other chronic autoimmune disease. Regardless of the method, exogenous insulin cannot substitute for insulin produced by a healthy pancreas. An emerging area of medicine is pancreatic and islet transplantation for type 1 diabetics to restore normal blood sugar regulation. However, there are still obstacles standing in the way of the widespread use of these therapies, including very low availability of pancreatic and islets supplied from human organ donors, challenging transplantation conditions, high expenses, and a lack of easily accessible methods. Efforts to improve Type 1 Diabetes treatment have been conducted in response to the disease's increasing prevalence. Type 1 diabetes may one day be treated with stem cell treatment. Stem cell therapy has proven to be an effective treatment for type 1 diabetes. Recent progress in stem cell-based diabetes treatment is summarised, and the authors show how to isolate insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from a variety of progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshi Goyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sepyani S, Momenzadeh S, Safabakhsh S, Nedaeinia R, Salehi R. Therapeutic approaches for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising cell-based approaches to achieve ultimate success. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:23-33. [PMID: 37977308 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by pancreatic β-cells destruction. Despite substantial advances in T1DM treatment, lifelong exogenous insulin administration is the mainstay of treatments, and constant control of glucose levels is still a challenge. Endogenous insulin production by replacing insulin-producing cells is an alternative, but the lack of suitable donors is accounted as one of the main obstacles to its widespread application. The research and trials overview demonstrates that endogenous production of insulin has started to go beyond the deceased-derived to stem cells-derived insulin-producing cells. Several protocols have been developed over the past couple of years for generating insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from various stem cell types and reprogramming fully differentiated cells. A straightforward and quick method for achieving this goal is to investigate and apply the β-cell specific transcription factors as a direct strategy for IPCs generation. In this review, we emphasize the significance of transcription factors in IPCs development from different non-beta cell sources, and pertinent research underlies the marked progress in the methods for generating insulin-producing cells and application for Type 1 Diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sepyani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Momenzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saied Safabakhsh
- Micronesian Institute for Disease Prevention and Research, 736 Route 4, Suite 103, Sinajana, GU 96910, United States
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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11
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Cota P, Saber L, Taskin D, Jing C, Bastidas-Ponce A, Vanheusden M, Shahryari A, Sterr M, Burtscher I, Bakhti M, Lickert H. NEUROD2 function is dispensable for human pancreatic β cell specification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286590. [PMID: 37955006 PMCID: PMC10634430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The molecular programs regulating human pancreatic endocrine cell induction and fate allocation are not well deciphered. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression pattern and the function of the neurogenic differentiation factor 2 (NEUROD2) during human endocrinogenesis. Methods Using Crispr-Cas9 gene editing, we generated a reporter knock-in transcription factor (TF) knock-out human inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line in which the open reading frame of both NEUROD2 alleles are replaced by a nuclear histone 2B-Venus reporter (NEUROD2nVenus/nVenus). Results We identified a transient expression of NEUROD2 mRNA and its nuclear Venus reporter activity at the stage of human endocrine progenitor formation in an iPSC differentiation model. This expression profile is similar to what was previously reported in mice, uncovering an evolutionarily conserved gene expression pattern of NEUROD2 during endocrinogenesis. In vitro differentiation of the generated homozygous NEUROD2nVenus/nVenus iPSC line towards human endocrine lineages uncovered no significant impact upon the loss of NEUROD2 on endocrine cell induction. Moreover, analysis of endocrine cell specification revealed no striking changes in the generation of insulin-producing b cells and glucagon-secreting a cells upon lack of NEUROD2. Discussion Overall, our results suggest that NEUROD2 is expendable for human b cell formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Cota
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Lama Saber
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Damla Taskin
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Changying Jing
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Medical Research School (MMRS), Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthew Vanheusden
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alireza Shahryari
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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Tang Q. Regulatory T cells aid stem-cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02177-5. [PMID: 37438628 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
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13
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Jiang H, Jiang FX. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived β cells: Truly immature islet β cells for type 1 diabetes therapy? World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:182-195. [PMID: 37180999 PMCID: PMC10173812 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A century has passed since the Nobel Prize winning discovery of insulin, which still remains the mainstay treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to this day. True to the words of its discoverer Sir Frederick Banting, “insulin is not a cure for diabetes, it is a treatment”, millions of people with T1DM are dependent on daily insulin medications for life. Clinical donor islet transplantation has proven that T1DM is curable, however due to profound shortages of donor islets, it is not a mainstream treatment option for T1DM. Human pluripotent stem cell derived insulin-secreting cells, pervasively known as stem cell-derived β cells (SC-β cells), are a promising alternative source and have the potential to become a T1DM treatment through cell replacement therapy. Here we briefly review how islet β cells develop and mature in vivo and several types of reported SC-β cells produced using different ex vivo protocols in the last decade. Although some markers of maturation were expressed and glucose stimulated insulin secretion was shown, the SC-β cells have not been directly compared to their in vivo counterparts, generally have limited glucose response, and are not yet fully matured. Due to the presence of extra-pancreatic insulin-expressing cells, and ethical and technological issues, further clarification of the true nature of these SC-β cells is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Jiang
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Fang-Xu Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
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14
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Barra JM, Kozlovskaya V, Burnette KS, Banerjee RR, Fraker CA, Kharlampieva E, Tse HM. Localized cytotoxic T cell-associated antigen 4 and antioxidant islet encapsulation alters macrophage signaling and induces regulatory and anergic T cells to enhance allograft survival. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:498-511. [PMID: 36731781 PMCID: PMC10291560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The loss of functional β-cell mass is a hallmark of type 1 diabetes. Islet transplantation represents a promising alternative approach, but immune-mediated graft destruction remains a major challenge. We sought to use islet encapsulation technologies to improve graft survival and function without systemic immunosuppression. We hypothesized islet encapsulation with nanothin coatings consisting of tannic acid (TA), an antioxidant; poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON), a biocompatible polymer; and cytotoxic T cell-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA-4-Ig), an inhibitory immune receptor, will elicit localized immunosuppression to prolong islet allograft function and suppress effector T cell responses. In the absence of systemic immunosuppression, we demonstrated (PVPON/TA/CTLA-4-Ig)-encapsulated NOD.Rag islet grafts maintain function significantly longer than control IgG-containing (PVPON/TA/IgG) and nonencapsulated controls after transplantation into diabetic C57BL/6 mice. This protection coincided with diminished proinflammatory macrophage responses mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling, decreased proinflammatory T cell effector responses, and CTLA-4-Ig-specific concomitant increases in anergic CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells. Our results provide evidence that conjugation of CTLA-4-Ig to (PVPON/TA) coatings can suppress T cell activation, enhance regulatory T cell populations, prolong islet allograft survival, and induce localized immunosuppression after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie M Barra
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - KaLia S Burnette
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ronadip R Banerjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher A Fraker
- Department of Surgery, Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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15
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Quijano JC, Wedeken L, Ortiz JA, Zook HN, LeBon JM, Luo A, Rawson J, Tremblay JR, Mares JM, Lopez K, Chen MH, Jou K, Mendez-Dorantes C, Al-Abdullah IH, Thurmond DC, Kandeel F, Riggs AD, Ku HT. Methylcellulose colony assay and single-cell micro-manipulation reveal progenitor-like cells in adult human pancreatic ducts. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:618-635. [PMID: 36868230 PMCID: PMC10031308 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progenitor cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation in the adult human pancreas are an under-explored resource for regenerative medicine. Using micro-manipulation and three-dimensional colony assays we identify cells within the adult human exocrine pancreas that resemble progenitor cells. Exocrine tissues were dissociated into single cells and plated into a colony assay containing methylcellulose and 5% Matrigel. A subpopulation of ductal cells formed colonies containing differentiated ductal, acinar, and endocrine lineage cells, and expanded up to 300-fold with a ROCK inhibitor. When transplanted into diabetic mice, colonies pre-treated with a NOTCH inhibitor gave rise to insulin-expressing cells. Both colonies and primary human ducts contained cells that simultaneously express progenitor transcription factors SOX9, NKX6.1, and PDX1. In addition, in silico analysis identified progenitor-like cells within ductal clusters in a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset. Therefore, progenitor-like cells capable of self-renewal and tri-lineage differentiation either pre-exist in the adult human exocrine pancreas, or readily adapt in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine C Quijano
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Lena Wedeken
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jose A Ortiz
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Heather N Zook
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeanne M LeBon
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Angela Luo
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jacob R Tremblay
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jacob M Mares
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kassandra Lopez
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Min-Hsuan Chen
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kevin Jou
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Carlos Mendez-Dorantes
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ismail H Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Arthur D Riggs
- Department of Diabetes & Drug Discovery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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16
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Kozlowski MT, Zook HN, Chigumba DN, Johnstone CP, Caldera LF, Shih HP, Tirrell DA, Ku HT. A matrigel-free method for culture of pancreatic endocrine-like cells in defined protein-based hydrogels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1144209. [PMID: 36970620 PMCID: PMC10033864 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1144209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of pancreatic endocrine islet cells from cadaveric donors is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects approximately nine million people worldwide. However, the demand for donor islets outstrips supply. This problem could be solved by differentiating stem and progenitor cells to islet cells. However, many current culture methods used to coax stem and progenitor cells to differentiate into pancreatic endocrine islet cells require Matrigel, a matrix composed of many extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins secreted from a mouse sarcoma cell line. The undefined nature of Matrigel makes it difficult to determine which factors drive stem and progenitor cell differentiation and maturation. Additionally, it is difficult to control the mechanical properties of Matrigel without altering its chemical composition. To address these shortcomings of Matrigel, we engineered defined recombinant proteins roughly 41 kDa in size, which contain cell-binding ECM peptides derived from fibronectin (ELYAVTGRGDSPASSAPIA) or laminin alpha 3 (PPFLMLLKGSTR). The engineered proteins form hydrogels through association of terminal leucine zipper domains derived from rat cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. The zipper domains flank elastin-like polypeptides whose lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior enables protein purification through thermal cycling. Rheological measurements show that a 2% w/v gel of the engineered proteins display material behavior comparable to a Matrigel/methylcellulose-based culture system previously reported by our group to support the growth of pancreatic ductal progenitor cells. We tested whether our protein hydrogels in 3D culture could derive endocrine and endocrine progenitor cells from dissociated pancreatic cells of young (1-week-old) mice. We found that both protein hydrogels favored growth of endocrine and endocrine progenitor cells, in contrast to Matrigel-based culture. Because the protein hydrogels described here can be further tuned with respect to mechanical and chemical properties, they provide new tools for mechanistic study of endocrine cell differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Kozlowski
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Heather N. Zook
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- The Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Desnor N. Chigumba
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Christopher P. Johnstone
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Luis F. Caldera
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Hung-Ping Shih
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- The Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - David A. Tirrell
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- The Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hsun Teresa Ku,
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17
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Engineering Strategies of Islet Product for Endocrine Regeneration. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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18
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Leavens KF, Alvarez-Dominguez JR, Vo LT, Russ HA, Parent AV. Stem cell-based multi-tissue platforms to model human autoimmune diabetes. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101610. [PMID: 36209784 PMCID: PMC9587366 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic insulin-producing β cells are specifically destroyed by the immune system. Understanding the initiation and progression of human T1D has been hampered by the lack of appropriate models that can reproduce the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease. The development of platforms combining multiple human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) derived tissues to model distinct aspects of T1D has the potential to provide critical novel insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of the human disease. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize the state of hPSC differentiation approaches to generate cell types and tissues relevant to T1D, with a particular focus on pancreatic islet cells, T cells, and thymic epithelium. We present current applications as well as limitations of using these hPSC-derived cells for disease modeling and discuss efforts to optimize platforms combining multiple cell types to model human T1D. Finally, we outline remaining challenges and emphasize future improvements needed to accelerate progress in this emerging field of research. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Recent advances in reprogramming approaches to create patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell lines (iPSCs), genome engineering technologies to efficiently modify DNA of hPSCs, and protocols to direct their differentiation into mature cell types have empowered the use of stem cell derivatives to accurately model human disease. While challenges remain before complex interactions occurring in human T1D can be modeled with these derivatives, experiments combining hPSC-derived β cells and immune cells are already providing exciting insight into how these cells interact in the context of T1D, supporting the viability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla F Leavens
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan R Alvarez-Dominguez
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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19
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Ghorbani-Dalini S, Azarpira N, Sangtarash MH, Urbach V, Yaghobi R, Soleimanpour-Lichaei HR, Sarshar M. Optimization of 3D islet-like cluster derived from human pluripotent stem cells: an efficient in vitro differentiation protocol. Gene 2022; 845:146855. [PMID: 36058497 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of an optimized protocol to produce sufficient functional human insulin-producing islet-like cluster is important as a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes as well as in vitro studies. Here, we described a stepwise protocol for differentiation of the human induced pluripotent stem cell line (R1-hiPSC1) into the islet-like cluster using several growth factors and small molecules. Therefore, various differentiation steps have been adopted to maximize mimicking of developmental processes in order to form functional islet like cluster. The differentiation protocol enables us to generate 3D islet-like clusters with highly viable cells, which are insulin producer and glucose responsive. Transcriptome analysis of transcription factors and functional genes revealed high coordination between gene expressions and resembling to those reported during natural development of islet cell. This coordination was further confirmed by hierarchical clustering of genes during differentiation. Furthermore, the islet-like clusters were enriched with insulin producing cells and formed glucose responsiveness behavior upon stimulation with glucose. Our protocol provides a robust platform and well-behaved model for additional developmental studies and shed light our clusters as a good candidate for in vitro model. Further studies are needed to assess the hormonal content of this cluster as well as transplantation into the animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Ghorbani-Dalini
- Department of Research and Development, CBSAlife Ltd., Richardson Center of Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Valérie Urbach
- Insitut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, U1151 Paris, France
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Soleimanpour-Lichaei
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
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20
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Sordi V, Monaco L, Piemonti L. Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes: From Islet Transplantation to Stem Cells. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 96:658-669. [PMID: 36041412 DOI: 10.1159/000526618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of cell therapy of type 1 diabetes is a particularly interesting example in the scenario of regenerative medicine. In fact, β-cell replacement has its roots in the experience of islet transplantation, which began 40 years ago and is currently a rapidly accelerating field, with several ongoing clinical trials using β cells derived from stem cells. Type 1 diabetes is particularly suitable for cell therapy as it is a disease due to the deficiency of only one cell type, the insulin-producing β cell, and this endocrine cell does not need to be positioned inside the pancreas to perform its function. On the other hand, the presence of a double immunological barrier, the allogeneic one and the autoimmune one, makes the protection of β cells from rejection a major challenge. Until today, islet transplantation has taught us a lot, pioneering immunosuppressive therapies, graft encapsulation, tissue engineering, and test of different implant sites and has stimulated a great variety of studies on β-cell function. This review starts from islet transplantation, presenting its current indications and the latest published trials, to arrive at the prospects of stem cell therapy, presenting the latest innovations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy,
| | - Laura Monaco
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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21
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Aghazadeh Y, Sarangi F, Poon F, Nkennor B, McGaugh EC, Nunes SS, Nostro MC. GP2-enriched pancreatic progenitors give rise to functional beta cells in vivo and eliminate the risk of teratoma formation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:964-978. [PMID: 35364010 PMCID: PMC9023812 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic progenitors (PPs) can be differentiated into beta-like cells in vitro and in vivo and therefore have therapeutic potential for type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment. However, the purity of PPs varies across different hPSC lines, differentiation protocols, and laboratories. The uncommitted cells may give rise to non-pancreatic endodermal, mesodermal, or ectodermal derivatives in vivo, hampering the safety of hPSC-derived PPs for clinical applications and their differentiation efficiency in research settings. Recently, proteomics and transcriptomics analyses identified glycoprotein 2 (GP2) as a PP-specific cell surface marker. The GP2-enriched PPs generate higher percentages of beta-like cells in vitro, but their potential in vivo remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the GP2-enriched-PPs give rise to all pancreatic cells in vivo, including functional beta-like cells. Remarkably, GP2 enrichment eliminates the risk of teratomas, which establishes GP2 sorting as an effective method for PP purification and safe pancreatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Aghazadeh
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street MaRS, PMCRT 3-916, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Farida Sarangi
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street MaRS, PMCRT 3-916, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Frankie Poon
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street MaRS, PMCRT 3-916, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Deparment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Blessing Nkennor
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Emily C McGaugh
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street MaRS, PMCRT 3-916, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Deparment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - M Cristina Nostro
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street MaRS, PMCRT 3-916, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Deparment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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22
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Enhanced Differentiation Capacity and Transplantation Efficacy of Insulin-Producing Cell Clusters from Human iPSCs Using Permeable Nanofibrous Microwell-Arrayed Membrane for Diabetes Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020400. [PMID: 35214135 PMCID: PMC8879814 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pancreatic islet transplantation is a potentially curative treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes, a shortage of donor sources, low differentiation capacity, and transplantation efficacy are major hurdles to overcome before becoming a standard therapy. Stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) are a potential approach to overcoming these limitations. To improve the differentiation capacity of the IPCs, cell cluster formation is crucial to mimic the 3D structure of the islet. This study developed a biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibrous (NF) microwell-arrayed membrane permeable to soluble factors. Based on the numerical analysis and experimental diffusion test, the NF microwell could provide sufficient nutrients, unlike an impermeable PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) microwell. The IPC clusters in the NF microwells showed higher gene expression of insulin and PDX1 and insulin secretion than the PDMS microwells. The IPC clusters in the NF microwell-arrayed membrane could be directly transplanted. Transplanted IPC clusters in the microwells survived well and expressed PDX1 and insulin. Additionally, human c-peptide was identified in the blood plasma at two months after transplantation of the membranes. The NF microwell-arrayed membrane can be a new platform promoting IPC differentiation capacity and realizing an in situ transplantation technique for diabetic patients.
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23
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Fu X, He Q, Tao Y, Wang M, Wang W, Wang Y, Yu QC, Zhang F, Zhang X, Chen YG, Gao D, Hu P, Hui L, Wang X, Zeng YA. Recent advances in tissue stem cells. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1998-2029. [PMID: 34865207 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation, giving rise to specialized functional cells. Stem cells are of pivotal importance for organ and tissue development, homeostasis, and injury and disease repair. Tissue-specific stem cells are a rare population residing in specific tissues and present powerful potential for regeneration when required. They are usually named based on the resident tissue, such as hematopoietic stem cells and germline stem cells. This review discusses the recent advances in stem cells of various tissues, including neural stem cells, muscle stem cells, liver progenitors, pancreatic islet stem/progenitor cells, intestinal stem cells, and prostate stem cells, and the future perspectives for tissue stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qing Cissy Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Max-Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Max-Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Bio-Research Innovation Center, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Suzhou, 215121, China.
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Bio-Research Innovation Center, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Suzhou, 215121, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Bio-Research Innovation Center, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Suzhou, 215121, China.
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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24
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Abstract
Insulin therapy has a long history at the cutting edge of technological development through purification, extended-action, molecular chemistry, and devices, and in support technologies including self-measurement and patient education. But unmet needs remain large. Today's therapy cannot deliver minute-to-minute control of glucose levels, and cannot imitate the reflex/incretin driven physiological insulin delivery at mealtimes. Further it depends on a raft of devices for administration several times a day, devices liked for their functionality, but disliked as an intrusive reminder of the condition, several times a day. Approaches to overcoming these barriers include closed-loop systems and further modification of insulin formulations, but are limited by fundamental underlying difficulties. While clinical studies of oral insulin are in progress, the barriers to success look daunting. Development of small-molecule approaches (insulin-mimetic tablets) appears to have stalled, while concepts for glucose-responsive insulin as yet fail to deliver the necessary insulin-to-glucose gradient. Gene therapy, feasible in animals in preliminary studies, is not capable of providing feedback control. Transplantation of cultured islets and islet B-cells from stem cells thus looks to the be the best long-term prospect for insulin delivery in terms of overcoming the above barriers, but is a true biotechnological tour-de-force which will take time to mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Home
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK.
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25
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Lau HH, Gan SU, Lickert H, Shapiro AMJ, Lee KO, Teo AKK. Charting the next century of insulin replacement with cell and gene therapies. MED 2021; 2:1138-1162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Krentz NAJ, Shea LD, Huising MO, Shaw JAM. Restoring normal islet mass and function in type 1 diabetes through regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:708-724. [PMID: 34480875 PMCID: PMC10881068 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterised by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cell mass. With the advent of insulin therapy a century ago, type 1 diabetes changed from a progressive, fatal disease to one that requires lifelong complex self-management. Replacing the lost β-cell mass through transplantation has proven successful, but limited donor supply and need for lifelong immunosuppression restricts widespread use. In this Review, we highlight incremental advances over the past 20 years and remaining challenges in regenerative medicine approaches to restoring β-cell mass and function in type 1 diabetes. We begin by summarising the role of endocrine islets in glucose homoeostasis and how this is altered in disease. We then discuss the potential regenerative capacity of the remaining islet cells and the utility of stem cell-derived β-like cells to restore β-cell function. We conclude with tissue engineering approaches that might improve the engraftment, function, and survival of β-cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A J Krentz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Surgery, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James A M Shaw
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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