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Ghosh P, Niesen MJ, Pawlowski C, Bandi H, Yoo U, Lenehan PJ, Kumar-M P, Nadig M, Ross J, Ardhanari S, O’Horo JC, Venkatakrishnan A, Rosen CJ, Telenti A, Hurt RT, Soundararajan V. Case-control study on post-COVID-19 conditions reveals severe acute infection and chronic pulmonary disease as potential risk factors. iScience 2024; 27:110406. [PMID: 39081289 PMCID: PMC11284568 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 conditions (long COVID) has impacted many individuals, yet risk factors for this condition are poorly understood. This retrospective analysis of 88,943 COVID-19 patients at a multi-state US health system compares phenotypes, laboratory tests, medication orders, and outcomes for 1,086 long-COVID patients and their matched controls. We found that history of chronic pulmonary disease (CPD) (odds ratio: 1.9, 95% CI: [1.5, 2.6]), migraine (OR: 2.2, [1.6, 3.1]), and fibromyalgia (OR: 2.3, [1.3, 3.8]) were more common for long-COVID patients. During the acute infection phase long COVID patients exhibited high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and a high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; and were more likely hospitalized (5% vs. 1%). Our findings suggest severity of acute infection and history of CPD, migraine, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), or fibromyalgia as risk factors for long COVID. These results suggest that suppressing acute disease severity proactively, especially in patients at high risk, can reduce incidence of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hari Bandi
- nference, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Unice Yoo
- nference, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jason Ross
- nference, Inc., 18 3rd St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | | | | | | | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04102, USA
- RECOVER Maine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | | | | | - Venky Soundararajan
- nference Labs, Bengaluru, India
- nference, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- nference, Inc., 18 3rd St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- nference, Inc., 2424 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Anumana, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Yu EA, Bravo MD, Avelino-Silva VI, Bruhn RL, Busch MP, Custer B. Higher intraindividual variability of body mass index is associated with elevated risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization and post-COVID conditions. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01603-6. [PMID: 39134693 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic diseases are risk factors for COVID-19 severity. The extent that cardiometabolic health represents a modifiable factor to mitigate the short- and long-term consequences from SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the associations between intraindividual variability of cardiometabolic health indicators and COVID-19 related hospitalizations and post-COVID conditions (PCC) among a relatively healthy population. METHODS This retrospective, multi-site cohort study was a post-hoc analysis among individuals with cardiometabolic health data collected during routine blood donation visits in 24 US states (2009-2018) and who responded to COVID-19 questionnaires (2021-2023). Intraindividual variability of blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), total circulating cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI) were defined as the coefficient of variation (CV) across all available donation timepoints (ranging from 3 to 74); participants were categorized into CV quartiles. Associations were evaluated by multivariable binomial regressions. RESULTS Overall, 3344 participants provided 42,090 donations (median 9 [IQR 5, 17]). The median age was 48 years (38, 56) at the first study donation. 1.2% (N = 40) were hospitalized due to COVID-19 and 15.5% (N = 519) had PCC. Higher BMI variability was associated with greater risk of COVID-19 hospitalization (4th quartile aRR 4.15 [95% CI 1.31, 13.11], p = 0.02; 3rd quartile aRR 3.41 [95% CI 1.09, 10.69], p = 0.04). Participants with higher variability of BMI had greater risk of PCC (4th quartile aRR 1.29 [95% CI 1.02, 1.64]; p = 0.04). Intraindividual variability of blood pressure (systolic, diastolic) and total circulating cholesterol were not associated with COVID-19 hospitalization or PCC risk (all p > 0.05). From causal mediation analysis, the association between the highest quartiles of BMI variability and PCC was not mediated by hospitalization (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher intraindividual variability of BMI was associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and PCC risk. Our findings underscore the need for further elucidating mechanisms that explain these associations and importance for consistent maintenance of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Yu
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Vivian I Avelino-Silva
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roberta L Bruhn
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Kartika R, Subekti I, Kurniawan F, Wafa S, Pradnjaparamita T, Tahapary DL, Wibowo H. Altered Body Composition and Cytokine Production in Patients with Elevated HOMA-IR after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1581. [PMID: 39062154 PMCID: PMC11274364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered body composition and cytokine production due to SARS-CoV-2 antigens may affect homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after SARS-CoV-2 infection. To elucidate this phenomenon, we conducted a longitudinal study involving 47 COVID-19 patients, who were followed up for 12 months. During recruitment, body composition and glucose indices were measured, and heparin blood samples were collected for measuring cytokine production. HOMA-IR was considered an elevated or non-elevated group based on the ratio between HOMA-IR at 12 months and 1 month of convalescence. Those with elevated HOMA-IR had a significantly higher body mass index, body fat percentage, and visceral fat rating and had a lower lean mass and lean/fat mass ratio than their counterparts. During the convalescent period, the elevated HOMA-IR group had lower TNFα, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-10, and granzyme B expression levels but had higher TNFα/IL-10, IFNγ/IL-10, IL-2/IL-10, and granzyme B/IL-10 ratios than the other group. The reduced cytokine production and pro-/anti-inflammatory imbalance in patients with elevated HOMA-IR may suggest immune cell dysfunction toward SARS-CoV-2. Patients with elevated HOMA-IR after SARS-CoV-2 infection may experience an increase in BMI and body fat percentage, leading to increased immune dysfunction and chronic inflammatory condition. A nutritional approach and promotion of physical activity may help reduce HOMA-IR and ameliorate glucose indices in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Kartika
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education & Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (F.K.); (S.W.); (T.P.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Imam Subekti
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. P. Diponegoro No. 71, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
| | - Farid Kurniawan
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education & Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (F.K.); (S.W.); (T.P.); (D.L.T.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. P. Diponegoro No. 71, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
| | - Syahidatul Wafa
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education & Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (F.K.); (S.W.); (T.P.); (D.L.T.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. P. Diponegoro No. 71, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
| | - Tika Pradnjaparamita
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education & Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (F.K.); (S.W.); (T.P.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Dicky L. Tahapary
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education & Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (F.K.); (S.W.); (T.P.); (D.L.T.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. P. Diponegoro No. 71, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education & Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (F.K.); (S.W.); (T.P.); (D.L.T.)
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Pilger BI, Castro A, Vasconcellos FF, Moura KF, Signini ÉDF, Marqueze LFB, Fiorenza-Neto EA, Rocha MT, Pedroso GS, Cavaglieri CR, Ferreira AG, Figueiredo C, Minuzzi LG, Gatti da Silva GH, Castro GS, Lira FS, Seelaender M, Pinho RA. Obesity-dependent molecular alterations in fatal COVID-19: A retrospective postmortem study of metabolomic profile of adipose tissue. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30566. [PMID: 38591648 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of obesity on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in the adipose tissue of patients with fatal COVID-19. Postmortem biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained from 25 unvaccinated inpatients who passed from COVID-19, stratified as nonobese (N-OB; body mass index [BMI], 26.5 ± 2.3 kg m-2) or obese (OB BMI 34.2 ± 5.1 kg m-2). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that body composition was responsible for most of the variations detected in the metabolome, with greater dispersion observed in the OB group. Fifteen metabolites were major segregation factors. Results from the OB group showed higher levels of creatinine, myo-inositol, O-acetylcholine, and succinate, and lower levels of sarcosine. The N-OB group showed lower levels of glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as higher content of IL-6 and adiponectin. We revealed significant changes in the metabolomic profile of the adipose tissue in fatal COVID-19 cases, with high adiposity playing a key role in these observed variations. These findings highlight the potential involvement of metabolic and inflammatory pathways, possibly dependent on hypoxia, shedding light on the impact of obesity on disease pathogenesis and suggesting avenues for further research and possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna I Pilger
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Franciane F Vasconcellos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Karen F Moura
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Étore De Favari Signini
- Cardiovascular Physical Therapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe B Marqueze
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Edson A Fiorenza-Neto
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mateus T Rocha
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giulia S Pedroso
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Luciele G Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Guilherme H Gatti da Silva
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Castro
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Mehraeen E, Abbaspour F, Banach M, SeyedAlinaghi S, Zarebidoki A, Tamehri Zadeh SS. The prognostic significance of insulin resistance in COVID-19: a review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:305-322. [PMID: 38932824 PMCID: PMC11196450 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Emerging publications indicate that diabetes predisposes patients with COVID-19 to more severe complications, which is partly attributed to inflammatory condition. In the current review, we reviewed recent published literature to provide evidence on the role of insulin resistance (IR) in diabetes, the association between diabetes and COVID-19 severity and mortality, the impact of COVID-19 infection on incident new-onset diabetes, mechanisms responsible for IR in COVID-19 patients, and the predictive value of different surrogates of IR in COVID-19. Method The literature search performs to find out studies that have assessed the association between IR surrogates and morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Results We showed that there is a bulk of evidence in support of the fact that diabetes is a potent risk factor for enhanced morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with diabetes are more prone to remarkable dysglycemia compared to those without diabetes, which is associated with an unfavourable prognosis. Furthermore, SARS-COV2 can make patients predispose to IR and diabetes via activating ISR, affecting RAAS signaling pathway, provoking inflammation, and changing the expression of PPARɣ and SREBP-1. Additionally, higher IR is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients and different surrogates of IR can be utilized as a prognostic biomarker for COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Different surrogates of IR can be utilized as predictors of COVID-19 complications and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Faeze Abbaspour
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 93338 Lodz, Poland
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zarebidoki
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, P.O. Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Tian Y, Fu X. Host factors of SARS-CoV-2 in infection, pathogenesis, and long-term effects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1407261. [PMID: 38846354 PMCID: PMC11155306 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1407261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative virus of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic that results in an unparalleled global health and economic crisis. Despite unprecedented scientific efforts and therapeutic interventions, the fight against COVID-19 continues as the rapid emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and the increasing challenge of long COVID-19, raising a vast demand to understand the pathomechanisms of COVID-19 and its long-term sequelae and develop therapeutic strategies beyond the virus per se. Notably, in addition to the virus itself, the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and clinical severity of COVID-19 is also governed by host factors. In this review, we therefore comprehensively overview the replication cycle and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 from the perspective of host factors and host-virus interactions. We sequentially outline the pathological implications of molecular interactions between host factors and SARS-CoV-2 in multi-organ and multi-system long COVID-19, and summarize current therapeutic strategies and agents targeting host factors for treating these diseases. This knowledge would be key for the identification of new pathophysiological aspects and mechanisms, and the development of actionable therapeutic targets and strategies for tackling COVID-19 and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital and Cancer Center, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital and Cancer Center, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Pavel V, Räth U, Schmid S, Krautbauer S, Keller D, Amend P, Müller M, Mester P, Buechler C. Serum Adiponectin Predicts COVID-19 Severity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1043. [PMID: 38791005 PMCID: PMC11117573 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is primarily known for its protective role in metabolic diseases, and it also possesses immunoregulatory properties. Elevated levels of adiponectin have been observed in various inflammatory diseases. However, studies investigating adiponectin levels in the serum of COVID-19 patients have yielded conflicting results. This study aimed to assess serum adiponectin levels in 26 healthy controls, as well as in 64 patients with moderate and 60 patients with severe COVID-19, to determine a potential association between serum adiponectin and the severity of COVID-19. Serum adiponectin levels in severe COVID-19 patients were significantly lower than in those with moderate disease and healthy controls, who exhibited similar serum adiponectin levels. Among patients with moderate disease, positive correlations were observed between serum adiponectin and C-reactive protein levels. Of note, serum adiponectin levels of severe COVID-19 cases were comparable between patients with and without dialysis or vasopressor therapy. Superinfection with bacteria did not exert a notable influence on serum adiponectin levels in patients with severe disease. Patients who were diagnosed with severe COVID-19 and vancomycin-resistant enterococci bacteremia showed a significant reduction in their serum adiponectin levels. An analysis conducted on the entire cohort, including both moderate and severe COVID-19 patients, showed that individuals who did not survive had lower serum adiponectin levels when compared to those who survived. In summary, this study highlights a decrease in serum adiponectin levels in severe COVID-19 cases, indicating the potential utility of adiponectin as an additional biomarker for monitoring disease severity in COVID-19 or critical illnesses in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Pavel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Ulrich Räth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Dennis Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Pablo Amend
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Patricia Mester
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
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Alvarado M, Campos-Campos L, Guerrero-Romero F, Simental-Mendía LE. The Triglycerides and Glucose Index Is an Independent Risk Factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:276-280. [PMID: 38315780 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although it has been observed that the triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, a biomarker of insulin resistance, is associated with severity and morbidity by COVID-19, evidence is still scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the TyG index is associated with both the degree of severity and mortality by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Men and women aged 20 years or more with diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in a case-control study. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, cancer, autoimmune diseases, autoimmune treatment, and incomplete data. Patients with severe COVID-19 ARDS were allocated into the case group, and those with mild or moderate COVID-19 ARDS in the control group. COVID-19 was defined by a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2, and ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Results: A total of 206 patients were included and allocated into the case (n = 103) and control (n = 103) groups. The logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, and body mass index showed that the TyG index is significantly associated with moderate [odds ratio (OR) = 6.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-30.6] and severe (OR = 9.5; 95% CI: 2.4-37.5) COVID-19 ARDS, and death (OR = 10.1; 95% CI: 2.2-46.5). Conclusion: The results of our study show a significant and independent association of the TyG index with ARDS and mortality in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alvarado
- Hospital General de Zona No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México
| | - Lizette Campos-Campos
- Hospital General de Zona No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México
| | - Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México
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Deng W, Bao L, Song Z, Zhang L, Yu P, Xu Y, Wang J, Zhao W, Zhang X, Han Y, Li Y, Liu J, Lv Q, Liang X, Li F, Qi F, Deng R, Wang S, Xiong Y, Xiao R, Wang H, Qin C. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can cause pancreatic impairment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:98. [PMID: 38609366 PMCID: PMC11014980 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests associations between COVID-19 patients or vaccines and glycometabolic dysfunction and an even higher risk of the occurrence of diabetes. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed pancreatic lesions in autopsy tissues from 67 SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates (NHPs) models and 121 vaccinated and infected NHPs from 2020 to 2023 and COVID-19 patients. Multi-label immunofluorescence revealed direct infection of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells by the virus in NHPs and humans. Minor and limited phenotypic and histopathological changes were observed in adult models. Systemic proteomics and metabolomics results indicated metabolic disorders, mainly enriched in insulin resistance pathways, in infected adult NHPs, along with elevated fasting C-peptide and C-peptide/glucose ratio levels. Furthermore, in elder COVID-19 NHPs, SARS-CoV-2 infection causes loss of beta (β) cells and lower expressed-insulin in situ characterized by islet amyloidosis and necrosis, activation of α-SMA and aggravated fibrosis consisting of lower collagen in serum, an increase of pancreatic inflammation and stress markers, ICAM-1 and G3BP1, along with more severe glycometabolic dysfunction. In contrast, vaccination maintained glucose homeostasis by activating insulin receptor α and insulin receptor β. Overall, the cumulative risk of diabetes post-COVID-19 is closely tied to age, suggesting more attention should be paid to blood sugar management in elderly COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhiqi Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Pin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunlin Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qi Lv
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xujian Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fengdi Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feifei Qi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ran Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yibai Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruiping Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Engineering, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200441, PR China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Changping National laboratory (CPNL), Beijing, 102206, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, PR China.
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10
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Jiang F, Hua C, Pan J, Peng S, Ning D, Chen C, Li S, Xu X, Wang L, Zhang C, Li M. Effect fraction of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting p47 phox/NOX2 and promoting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155186. [PMID: 38387272 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The effect fraction of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. (EFBS), a phenolic-rich extract, has significant protective effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), but its composition and molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study elucidated its chemical composition and possible protective mechanisms against LPS-induced ALI from an antioxidant perspective. METHODS EFBS was prepared by ethanol extraction, enriched by polyamide column chromatography, and characterized using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The LPS-induced ALI model and the RAW264.7 model were used to evaluate the regulatory effects of EFBS on oxidative stress, and transcriptome analysis was performed to explore its possible molecular mechanism. Then, the pathway by which EFBS regulates oxidative stress was validated through inhibitor intervention, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS A total of 22 compounds in EFBS were identified. The transcriptome analyses of RAW264.7 cells indicated that EFBS might reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by inhibiting the p47phox/NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) pathway and upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Both in vitro and in vivo data confirmed that EFBS significantly inhibited the expression and phosphorylation of p47phox protein, thereby weakening the p47phox/NOX2 pathway and reducing ROS production. EFBS significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 in primary peritoneal macrophages and lung tissue and promoted its nuclear translocation, dose-dependent increase in HO-1 levels, and enhancement of antioxidant activity. In vitro, both Nrf2 and HO-1 inhibitors significantly reduced the scavenging effects of EFBS on ROS, further confirming that EFBS exerts antioxidant effects at least partially by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS EFBS contains abundant phenanthrenes and dibenzyl polyphenols, which can reduce ROS production by inhibiting the p47phox/NOX2 pathway and enhance ROS clearance activity by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thereby exerting regulatory effects on oxidative stress and improving LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chenglong Hua
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jieli Pan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Suyu Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Dandan Ning
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324002, China
| | - Linyan Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Meiya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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11
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Naidu AS, Wang CK, Rao P, Mancini F, Clemens RA, Wirakartakusumah A, Chiu HF, Yen CH, Porretta S, Mathai I, Naidu SAG. Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:19. [PMID: 38555403 PMCID: PMC10981760 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is devoid of any metabolic capacity; therefore, it is critical for the viral pathogen to hijack host cellular metabolic machinery for its replication and propagation. This single-stranded RNA virus with a 29.9 kb genome encodes 14 open reading frames (ORFs) and initiates a plethora of virus-host protein-protein interactions in the human body. These extensive viral protein interactions with host-specific cellular targets could trigger severe human metabolic reprogramming/dysregulation (HMRD), a rewiring of sugar-, amino acid-, lipid-, and nucleotide-metabolism(s), as well as altered or impaired bioenergetics, immune dysfunction, and redox imbalance in the body. In the infectious process, the viral pathogen hijacks two major human receptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 and/or neuropilin (NRP)-1, for initial adhesion to cell surface; then utilizes two major host proteases, TMPRSS2 and/or furin, to gain cellular entry; and finally employs an endosomal enzyme, cathepsin L (CTSL) for fusogenic release of its viral genome. The virus-induced HMRD results in 5 possible infectious outcomes: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe to fatal episodes; while the symptomatic acute COVID-19 condition could manifest into 3 clinical phases: (i) hypoxia and hypoxemia (Warburg effect), (ii) hyperferritinemia ('cytokine storm'), and (iii) thrombocytosis (coagulopathy). The mean incubation period for COVID-19 onset was estimated to be 5.1 days, and most cases develop symptoms after 14 days. The mean viral clearance times were 24, 30, and 39 days for acute, severe, and ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients, respectively. However, about 25-70% of virus-free COVID-19 survivors continue to sustain virus-induced HMRD and exhibit a wide range of symptoms that are persistent, exacerbated, or new 'onset' clinical incidents, collectively termed as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. PASC patients experience several debilitating clinical condition(s) with >200 different and overlapping symptoms that may last for weeks to months. Chronic PASC is a cumulative outcome of at least 10 different HMRD-related pathophysiological mechanisms involving both virus-derived virulence factors and a multitude of innate host responses. Based on HMRD and virus-free clinical impairments of different human organs/systems, PASC patients can be categorized into 4 different clusters or sub-phenotypes: sub-phenotype-1 (33.8%) with cardiac and renal manifestations; sub-phenotype-2 (32.8%) with respiratory, sleep and anxiety disorders; sub-phenotype-3 (23.4%) with skeleto-muscular and nervous disorders; and sub-phenotype-4 (10.1%) with digestive and pulmonary dysfunctions. This narrative review elucidates the effects of viral hijack on host cellular machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensuing detrimental effect(s) of virus-induced HMRD on human metabolism, consequential symptomatic clinical implications, and damage to multiple organ systems; as well as chronic pathophysiological sequelae in virus-free PASC patients. We have also provided a few evidence-based, human randomized controlled trial (RCT)-tested, precision nutrients to reset HMRD for health recovery of PASC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Satyanarayan Naidu
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA.
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, 232659 Via del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA, 92887, USA.
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, No.1, Campus New Village, Longjiang Street, Fuqing City, Fujian, China
| | - Fabrizio Mancini
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- President-Emeritus, Parker University, 2540 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas, TX, 75229, USA
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy/D. K. Kim International Center for Regulatory & Quality Sciences, 1540 Alcazar St., CHP 140, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Aman Wirakartakusumah
- International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST), Guelph, ON, Canada
- IPMI International Business School Jakarta; South East Asian Food and Agriculture Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health & Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Yen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sebastiano Porretta
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- President, Italian Association of Food Technology (AITA), Milan, Italy
- Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Department of Consumer Science, Viale Tanara 31/a, I-43121, Parma, Italy
| | - Issac Mathai
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- Soukya International Holistic Health Center, Whitefield, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sreus A G Naidu
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, 232659 Via del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA, 92887, USA
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12
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Carregari VC, Reis-de-Oliveira G, Crunfli F, Smith BJ, de Souza GF, Muraro SP, Saia-Cereda VM, Vendramini PH, Baldasso PA, Silva-Costa LC, Zuccoli GS, Brandão-Teles C, Antunes A, Valença AF, Davanzo GG, Virgillio-da-Silva JV, Dos Reis Araújo T, Guimarães RC, Chaim FDM, Chaim EA, Kawagosi Onodera CM, Ludwig RG, Saccon TD, Damásio ARL, Leiria LOS, Vinolo MAR, Farias AS, Moraes-Vieira PM, Mori MA, Módena JLP, Martins-de-Souza D. Diving into the proteomic atlas of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7375. [PMID: 38548777 PMCID: PMC10978884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was initiated by the rapid spread of a SARS-CoV-2 strain. Though mainly classified as a respiratory disease, SARS-CoV-2 infects multiple tissues throughout the human body, leading to a wide range of symptoms in patients. To better understand how SARS-CoV-2 affects the proteome from cells with different ontologies, this work generated an infectome atlas of 9 cell models, including cells from brain, blood, digestive system, and adipocyte tissue. Our data shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly trigger dysregulations on proteins related to cellular structure and energy metabolism. Despite these pivotal processes, heterogeneity of infection was also observed, highlighting many proteins and pathways uniquely dysregulated in one cell type or ontological group. These data have been made searchable online via a tool that will permit future submissions of proteomic data ( https://reisdeoliveira.shinyapps.io/Infectome_App/ ) to enrich and expand this knowledgebase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Carregari
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Reis-de-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Crunfli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bradley J Smith
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veronica M Saia-Cereda
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Vendramini
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Baldasso
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lícia C Silva-Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuliana S Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brandão-Teles
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Antunes
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline F Valença
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo G Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Victor Virgillio-da-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Campos Guimarães
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elinton Adami Chaim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Raissa Guimarães Ludwig
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Dandolini Saccon
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André R L Damásio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Osório S Leiria
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio R Vinolo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hematology-Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S Farias
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, 04501-000, Brazil
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz P Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, 04501-000, Brazil.
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Zhang G, Su L, Wu W, Qiao Q, Gao S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Efficacy of different doses of corticosteroids in treating severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Virol J 2024; 21:74. [PMID: 38532424 PMCID: PMC10967132 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the efficacy of different doses of corticosteroids in treating severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. METHODS Between May 01, 2023, and June 20, 2023, 48 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were treated at the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Jinan Fourth People's Hospital. The observation group (21 patients) received standard care and high-dose corticosteroids, (high-dose group). The control group (27 patients) received standard care and low-dose corticosteroids (low-dose group). We collected baseline data and recorded inflammatory marker levels after 3 days of treatment, body temperature recovery time, length of stay, and 28-day all-cause mortality. The results of outpatient follow-up were recorded after 1 month. RESULTS There were no significant differences in 28-day mortality and length of stay. The number of days it took for body temperature to return to normal in the high-dose group was less than in the low-dose group. The high-dose group had significantly more reduced inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6). A total of 20 discharged patients were given 8-16 mg of methylprednisolone, depending on chest computed tomography (CT) and clinical symptoms after 1 month; in all discharged patients using oral corticosteroids, CT features improved. CONCLUSION High-dose corticosteroids had a significantly positive effect on the reduction of inflammatory factors and shortening body temperature recovery time. In the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, early administration of high-dose, short-course corticosteroids should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Shandong Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Shandong Jinan, 250000, China.
| | - Wenwen Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Shandong Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Qing Qiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Shandong Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Shuncui Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Shandong Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Shandong Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Shandong Jinan, 250000, China
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14
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Li L, Li L, Cai X, Pan Z. New Insights into the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on Metabolic Organs: A Narrative Review of COVID-19 Induced Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1383-1389. [PMID: 38529167 PMCID: PMC10962470 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s454408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced new-onset diabetes has raised widespread concerns. Increased glucose concentration and insulin resistance levels were observed in the COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes may have worse clinical outcomes and can have serious consequences. The types and exact mechanisms of COVID-19-caused diabetes are not well understood. Understanding the direct effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on pancreatic beta cells and insulin target metabolism organs, such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues, will provide new ideas for preventing and treating the new-onset diabetes induced by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Conte C, Cipponeri E, Roden M. Diabetes Mellitus, Energy Metabolism, and COVID-19. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:281-308. [PMID: 37934800 PMCID: PMC10911957 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes mellitus (mostly type 2), and COVID-19 show mutual interactions because they are not only risk factors for both acute and chronic COVID-19 manifestations, but also because COVID-19 alters energy metabolism. Such metabolic alterations can lead to dysglycemia and long-lasting effects. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for a further rise of the diabetes pandemic. This review outlines how preexisting metabolic alterations spanning from excess visceral adipose tissue to hyperglycemia and overt diabetes may exacerbate COVID-19 severity. We also summarize the different effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the key organs and tissues orchestrating energy metabolism, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. Last, we provide an integrative view of the metabolic derangements that occur during COVID-19. Altogether, this review allows for better understanding of the metabolic derangements occurring when a fire starts from a small flame, and thereby help reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome 00166, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Elisa Cipponeri
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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16
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Krupka S, Hoffmann A, Jasaszwili M, Dietrich A, Guiu-Jurado E, Klöting N, Blüher M. Consequences of COVID-19 on Adipose Tissue Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2908. [PMID: 38474155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in 2019, it has been crucial to investigate the causes of severe cases, particularly the higher rates of hospitalization and mortality in individuals with obesity. Previous findings suggest that adipocytes may play a role in adverse COVID-19 outcomes in people with obesity. The impact of COVID-19 vaccination and infection on adipose tissue (AT) is currently unclear. We therefore analyzed 27 paired biopsies of visceral and subcutaneous AT from donors of the Leipzig Obesity BioBank that have been categorized into three groups (1: no infection/no vaccination; 2: no infection but vaccinated; 3: infected and vaccinated) based on COVID-19 antibodies to spike (indicating vaccination) and/or nucleocapsid proteins. We provide additional insights into the impact of COVID-19 on AT biology through a comprehensive histological transcriptome and serum proteome analysis. This study demonstrates that COVID-19 infection is associated with smaller average adipocyte size. The impact of infection on gene expression was significantly more pronounced in subcutaneous than in visceral AT and mainly due to immune system-related processes. Serum proteome analysis revealed the effects of the infection on circulating adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and carbonic anhydrase 5A (CA5A), which are all related to obesity and blood glucose abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sontje Krupka
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mariami Jasaszwili
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation and Thorax and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Esther Guiu-Jurado
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Rasmi Y, di Bari I, Faisal S, Haque M, Aramwit P, da Silva A, Roshani Asl E. Herbal-based therapeutics for diabetic patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:316. [PMID: 38376656 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Human SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 170 million people worldwide, being responsible for about 3.5 million deaths so far. Despite ongoing investigations, there is still more to understand the mechanism of COVID-19 infection completely. However, it has been evidenced that SARS-CoV-2 can cause Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) notably in diabetic people. Approximately 35% of the patients who died of this disease had diabetes. A growing number of studies have evidenced that hyperglycemia is a significant risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and plays a key role in COVID-19 mortality and diabetes comorbidity. The uncontrolled hyperglycemia can produce low-grade inflammation and impaired immunity-mediated cytokine storm that fail multiple organs and sudden death in diabetic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. More importantly, SARS-CoV-2 infection and interaction with ACE2 receptors also contribute to pancreatic and metabolic impairment. Thus, using of diabetes medications has been suggested to be beneficial in the better management of diabetic COVID-19 patients. Herbal treatments, as safe and affordable therapeutic agents, have recently attracted a lot of attention in this field. Accordingly, in this review, we intend to have a deep look into the molecular mechanisms of diabetic complications in SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore the therapeutic potentials of herbal medications and natural products in the management of diabetic COVID-19 patients based on recent studies and the existing clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Rasmi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Orūmīyeh, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Orūmīyeh, Iran
| | - Ighli di Bari
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Shah Faisal
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Munima Haque
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Aline da Silva
- Department of Soil and Rural, Centre for Agrarian Science, Campus II, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
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18
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Gilani A, Stoll L, Homan EA, Lo JC. Adipose Signals Regulating Distal Organ Health and Disease. Diabetes 2024; 73:169-177. [PMID: 38241508 PMCID: PMC10796297 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Excessive adiposity in obesity is a significant risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other cardiometabolic diseases. An unhealthy expansion of adipose tissue (AT) results in reduced adipogenesis, increased adipocyte hypertrophy, adipocyte hypoxia, chronic low-grade inflammation, increased macrophage infiltration, and insulin resistance. This ultimately culminates in AT dysfunction characterized by decreased secretion of antidiabetic adipokines such as adiponectin and adipsin and increased secretion of proinflammatory prodiabetic adipokines including RBP4 and resistin. This imbalance in adipokine secretion alters the physiological state of AT communication with target organs including pancreatic β-cells, heart, and liver. In the pancreatic β-cells, adipokines are known to have a direct effect on insulin secretion, gene expression, cell death, and/or dedifferentiation. For instance, impaired secretion of adipsin, which promotes insulin secretion and β-cell identity, results in β-cell failure and T2D, thus presenting a potential druggable target to improve and/or preserve β-cell function. The cardiac tissue is affected by both the classic white AT-secreted adipokines and the newly recognized brown AT (BAT)-secreted BATokines or lipokines that alter lipid deposition and ventricular function. In the liver, adipokines affect hepatic gluconeogenesis, lipid accumulation, and insulin sensitivity, underscoring the importance of adipose-liver communication in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this perspective, we outline what is currently known about the effects of individual adipokines on pancreatic β-cells, liver, and the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gilani
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lisa Stoll
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Edwin A. Homan
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - James C. Lo
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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19
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Wu Z, Wang J, Ullah R, Chen M, Huang K, Dong G, Fu J. Covid 19 and diabetes in children: advances and strategies. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:28. [PMID: 38287388 PMCID: PMC10823738 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of new-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Simultaneously, children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have encountered difficulties in maintaining optimal blood glucose levels. The mechanisms underpinning these correlations still remain a puzzle. We reviewed the studies that examined changes in incidence during the pandemic. These studies utilized various metrics for comparison, which encompassed the timing of data collection, diagnostic criteria, as well as the numbers and incidence rates of diabetes and DKA. We found the incidence of diabetes and DKA was higher during the pandemic. As to mechanisms, the invivo and invitro study revealed the factors such as direct viral damage, metabolic dysfunction, and immune responses all attribute to the process of T1D after suffering from COVID-19. Furthermore, we provide some useful strategies to prevent and treat children suffering from diabetes and COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Strong correlations have been observed between new-onset diabetes and COVID-19. Insights gleaned from clinical descriptions and basic research can offer valuable experience and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes during future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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El Safadi D, Paulo-Ramos A, Hoareau M, Roche M, Krejbich-Trotot P, Viranaicken W, Lebeau G. The Influence of Metabolism on Immune Response: A Journey to Understand Immunometabolism in the Context of Viral Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2399. [PMID: 38140640 PMCID: PMC10748259 DOI: 10.3390/v15122399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of the concept of immunometabolism has shed light on the pivotal role that cellular metabolism plays in both the activation of immune cells and the development of immune programs. The antiviral response, a widely distributed defense mechanism used by infected cells, serves to not only control infections but also to attenuate their deleterious effects. The exploration of the role of metabolism in orchestrating the antiviral response represents a burgeoning area of research, especially considering the escalating incidence of viral outbreaks coupled with the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases. Here, we present a review of current knowledge regarding immunometabolism and the antiviral response during viral infections. Initially, we delve into the concept of immunometabolism by examining its application in the field of cancer-a domain that has long spearheaded inquiries into this fascinating intersection of disciplines. Subsequently, we explore examples of immune cells whose activation is intricately regulated by metabolic processes. Progressing with a systematic and cellular approach, our aim is to unravel the potential role of metabolism in antiviral defense, placing significant emphasis on the innate and canonical interferon response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daed El Safadi
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
| | - Aurélie Paulo-Ramos
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Campus Santé de Terre Sainte, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France; (A.P.-R.)
| | - Mathilde Hoareau
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Campus Santé de Terre Sainte, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France; (A.P.-R.)
| | - Marjolaine Roche
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Campus Santé de Terre Sainte, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France; (A.P.-R.)
| | - Grégorie Lebeau
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
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21
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Sintsova O, Popkova D, Kalinovskii A, Rasin A, Borozdina N, Shaykhutdinova E, Klimovich A, Menshov A, Kim N, Anastyuk S, Kusaykin M, Dyachenko I, Gladkikh I, Leychenko E. Control of postprandial hyperglycemia by oral administration of the sea anemone mucus-derived α-amylase inhibitor (magnificamide). Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115743. [PMID: 37862974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a serious threat to human health in both developed and developing countries. Optimal disease control requires the use of a diet and a combination of several medications, including oral hypoglycemic agents such as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Currently, the arsenal of available drugs is insufficient, which determines the relevance of studying new potent α-amylase inhibitors. We implemented the recombinant production of sea anemone derived α-amylase inhibitor magnificamide in Escherichia coli. Peptide was isolated by a combination of liquid chromatography techniques. Its folding and molecular weight was proved by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The Ki value of magnificamide against human pancreatic α-amylase is 3.1 nM according to Morrison equation for tight binding inhibitors. Our study of the thermodynamic characteristics of binding of magnificamide to human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases by isothermal titration calorimetry showed the presence of different binding mechanisms with Kd equal to 0.11 µM and 0.1 nM, respectively. Experiments in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mimicking diabetes mellitus type 1 were used to study the efficiency of magnificamide against postprandial hyperglycemia. It was found that at a dose of 0.005 mg kg-1, magnificamide effectively blocks starch breakdown and prevents the development of postprandial hyperglycemia in T1D mice. Our results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of magnificamide for the control of postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sintsova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Darya Popkova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Kalinovskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Rasin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Natalya Borozdina
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Elvira Shaykhutdinova
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna Klimovich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Alexander Menshov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Natalia Kim
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Stanislav Anastyuk
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kusaykin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Igor Dyachenko
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Irina Gladkikh
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Elena Leychenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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22
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Moser J, Emous M, Heeringa P, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA. Mechanisms and pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the adipose tissue. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:735-748. [PMID: 37673763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19, yet there remains a lack of consensus on the mechanisms underlying this relationship. A hypothesis that has garnered considerable attention suggests that SARS-CoV-2 disrupts adipose tissue function, either through direct infection or by indirect mechanisms. Indeed, recent reports have begun to shed some light on the important role that the adipose tissue plays during the acute phase of infection, as well as mediating long-term sequelae. In this review, we examine the evidence of extrapulmonary dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 to the adipose tissue. We discuss the mechanisms, acute and long-term implications, and possible management strategies to limit or ameliorate severe disease and long-term metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Moser
- Department of Critical Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marloes Emous
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Izabela A Rodenhuis-Zybert
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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23
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Kim SH, Arora I, Hsia DS, Knowler WC, LeBlanc E, Mylonakis E, Pratley R, Pittas AG. New-Onset Diabetes After COVID-19. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1164-e1174. [PMID: 37207448 PMCID: PMC11009784 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence suggesting that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to several long-term sequelae including diabetes. This mini-review examines the rapidly evolving and conflicting literature on new-onset diabetes after COVID-19, which we term NODAC. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and medRxiv from inception until December 1, 2022, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and free text words including "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "diabetes," "hyperglycemia," "insulin resistance," and "pancreatic β-cell." We also supplemented searches by examining reference lists from retrieved articles. Current evidence suggests that COVID-19 increases the risk of developing diabetes, but the attributable risk is uncertain because of limitations of study designs and the evolving nature of the pandemic, including new variants, widespread population exposure to the virus, diagnostic options for COVID-19, and vaccination status. The etiology of diabetes after COVID-19 is likely multifactorial and includes factors associated with host characteristics (eg, age), social determinants of health (eg, deprivation index), and pandemic-related effects both at the personal (eg, psychosocial stress) and the societal-community level (eg, containment measures). COVID-19 may have direct and indirect effects on pancreatic β-cell function and insulin sensitivity related to the acute infection and its treatment (eg, glucocorticoids); autoimmunity; persistent viral residency in multiple organs including adipose tissue; endothelial dysfunction; and hyperinflammatory state. While our understanding of NODAC continues to evolve, consideration should be given for diabetes to be classified as a post-COVID syndrome, in addition to traditional classifications of diabetes (eg, type 1 or type 2), so that the pathophysiology, natural history, and optimal management can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ipsa Arora
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Erin LeBlanc
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | | | - Richard Pratley
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Anastassios G Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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24
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Kawakami E, Saiki N, Yoneyama Y, Moriya C, Maezawa M, Kawamura S, Kinebuchi A, Kono T, Funata M, Sakoda A, Kondo S, Ebihara T, Matsumoto H, Togami Y, Ogura H, Sugihara F, Okuzaki D, Kojima T, Deguchi S, Vallee S, McQuade S, Islam R, Natarajan M, Ishigaki H, Nakayama M, Nguyen CT, Kitagawa Y, Wu Y, Mori K, Hishiki T, Takasaki T, Itoh Y, Takayama K, Nio Y, Takebe T. Complement factor D targeting protects endotheliopathy in organoid and monkey models of COVID-19. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1315-1330.e10. [PMID: 37802037 PMCID: PMC10575686 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is linked to endotheliopathy and coagulopathy, which can result in multi-organ failure. The mechanisms causing endothelial damage due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain elusive. Here, we developed an infection-competent human vascular organoid from pluripotent stem cells for modeling endotheliopathy. Longitudinal serum proteome analysis identified aberrant complement signature in critically ill patients driven by the amplification cycle regulated by complement factor B and D (CFD). This deviant complement pattern initiates endothelial damage, neutrophil activation, and thrombosis specific to organoid-derived human blood vessels, as verified through intravital imaging. We examined a new long-acting, pH-sensitive (acid-switched) antibody targeting CFD. In both human and macaque COVID-19 models, this long-acting anti-CFD monoclonal antibody mitigated abnormal complement activation, protected endothelial cells, and curtailed the innate immune response post-viral exposure. Collectively, our findings suggest that the complement alternative pathway exacerbates endothelial injury and inflammation. This underscores the potential of CFD-targeted therapeutics against severe viral-induced inflammathrombotic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kawakami
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Norikazu Saiki
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Chiharu Moriya
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mari Maezawa
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Kawamura
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akiko Kinebuchi
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tamaki Kono
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Funata
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakoda
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kondo
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebihara
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Togami
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Core Instrumentation Facility, Immunology Frontier Research Center and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-3-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sebastien Vallee
- Rare Disease DDU, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susan McQuade
- Rare Disease DDU, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; BPS Biosciences Inc., 6405 Mira Mesa Blvd. Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rizwana Islam
- Rare Disease DDU, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Madhusudan Natarajan
- Rare Disease DDU, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Misako Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Cong Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yunheng Wu
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mori
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Information Technology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Research Center for Medical Bigdata, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 100-0003, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hishiki
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1, Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan; Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1, Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan; Advanced Technology and Development Division, BML, INC, 1361-1, Matoba, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nio
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition & Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; The Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe) and Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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25
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Gu SX, Yarovinsky TO, Hwa J. Fishing for "complements" with vascular organoid models of microvascular disease. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1285-1286. [PMID: 37802032 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Kawakami et al. develop a SARS-CoV-2 infection-competent, progenitor-derived, human vascular organoid model and uncover a role for complement factor D (CFD) in mediating microvascular immunothrombosis. This model may be applied to conditions where microvascular disease plays a major pathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean X Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timur O Yarovinsky
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cooperative Center of Excellence in Hematology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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26
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Meng QT, Song WQ, Churilov LP, Zhang FM, Wang YF. Psychophysical therapy and underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms for the rehabilitation of long COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1120475. [PMID: 37842301 PMCID: PMC10570751 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1120475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global epidemic and prevention of the COVID-19, long COVID-19 sequelae and its comprehensive prevention have attracted widespread attention. Long COVID-19 sequelae refer to that three months after acute COVID-19, the test of SARS-CoV-2 is negative, but some symptoms still exist, such as cough, prolonged dyspnea and fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations and insomnia. Its pathological mechanism is related to direct viral damage, immunopathological response, endocrine and metabolism disorders. Although there are more effective methods for treating COVID-19, the treatment options available for patients with long COVID-19 remain quite limited. Psychophysical therapies, such as exercise, oxygen therapy, photobiomodulation, and meditation, have been attempted as treatment modalities for long COVID-19, which have the potential to promote recovery through immune regulation, antioxidant effects, and neuroendocrine regulation. Neuroendocrine regulation plays a significant role in repairing damage after viral infection, regulating immune homeostasis, and improving metabolic activity in patients with long COVID-19. This review uses oxytocin as an example to examine the neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in the psychophysical therapies of long COVID-19 syndrome and proposes a psychophysical strategy for the treatment of long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Tai Meng
- WU Lien-Teh Institute, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wu-Qi Song
- WU Lien-Teh Institute, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Leonid P. Churilov
- Department of Experimental Tuberculosis, St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Feng-Min Zhang
- WU Lien-Teh Institute, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- International Translational Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Si Y, Fei Y, Ma H, Xu Y, Ning L, Li X, Ren Q. The causal association between polycystic ovary syndrome and susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study using genetic data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1229900. [PMID: 37745707 PMCID: PMC10515223 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1229900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Observational studies have reported an association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and COVID-19, but a definitive causal relationship has not been established. This study aimed to assess this association using two-way two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods A summary of PCOS characteristics was compiled using the PCOS summary statistics from the Apollo University of Cambridge Repository. COVID-19 susceptibility and severity statistics, including hospitalization and extremely severe disease, were obtained from genome-wide association studies from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. The primary analysis used the inverse variance-weighted method, supplemented by the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO methods. Results The forward MR analysis showed no significant impact of PCOS on COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, or severity (OR = 0.983, 1.011, 1.014; 95% CI = 0.958-1.008, 0.958-1.068, 0.934-1.101; and p = 0.173, 0.68, 0.733; respectively). Similarly, reverse MR analysis found no evidence supporting COVID-19 phenotypes as risk or protective factors for PCOS (OR = 1.041, 0.995, 0.944; 95% CI = 0.657-1.649, 0.85-1.164, 0.843-1.058; and p = 0.864, 0.945, 0.323; respectively). Consequently, no significant association between any COVID-19 phenotype and PCOS was established. Conclusion This MR study suggested that PCOS is not a causal risk factor for the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. The associations identified in previous observational studies might be attributable to the presence of comorbidities in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingling Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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28
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Boicean LC, Birlutiu RM, Birlutiu V. Correlations between serum leptin levels and classical biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 infection, in critically ill patients. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106238. [PMID: 37419217 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered levels of some blood markers might be linked with the degree of severity and mortality of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to find out if there are correlations between serum leptin levels and classical biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a single-center observational cohort study on SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The study was conducted at Infectious Diseases Clinic of Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, from May through November 2020. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 54 patients, all with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Our results revealed that there is a negative correlation between serum leptin and Interleukin-6 levels and a positive correlation between serum leptin and blood glucose levels. A positive correlation between ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase levels was also observed. No correlation was found between leptin and other biomarkers such as ferritin, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or D-dimer. CONCLUSIONS Further studies need to be conducted to investigate the role of leptin in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of this research could contribute to the introduction of the determination of serum leptin levels in the routine evaluation of patients with critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Camelia Boicean
- "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine, Sibiu, Romania; Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Sibiu, Romania.
| | | | - Victoria Birlutiu
- "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine, Sibiu, Romania; Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Sibiu, Romania
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29
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Wong R, Lam E, Bramante CT, Johnson SG, Reusch J, Wilkins KJ, Yeh HC. Does COVID-19 Infection Increase the Risk of Diabetes? Current Evidence. Curr Diab Rep 2023; 23:207-216. [PMID: 37284921 PMCID: PMC10244847 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple studies report an increased incidence of diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the potential increased global burden of diabetes, understanding the effect of SARS-CoV-2 in the epidemiology of diabetes is important. Our aim was to review the evidence pertaining to the risk of incident diabetes after COVID-19 infection. RECENT FINDINGS Incident diabetes risk increased by approximately 60% compared to patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Risk also increased compared to non-COVID-19 respiratory infections, suggesting SARS-CoV-2-mediated mechanisms rather than general morbidity after respiratory illness. Evidence is mixed regarding the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and T1D. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an elevated risk of T2D, but it is unclear whether the incident diabetes is persistent over time or differs in severity over time. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes. Future studies should evaluate vaccination, viral variant, and patient- and treatment-related factors that influence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Health Science Center, Stony Brook Medical Center, Level 3, Room 45101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Emily Lam
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Carolyn T. Bramante
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Steven G. Johnson
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Jane Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Kenneth J. Wilkins
- Biostatistics Program/Office of Clinical Research Support, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Hsin-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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30
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Poma AM, Bonuccelli D, Macerola E, Niballi S, Basolo A, Santini F, Basolo F, Toniolo A. Transcriptional changes in multiple endocrine organs from lethal cases of COVID-19. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:973-986. [PMID: 37246981 PMCID: PMC10225763 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Altered circulating hormone and metabolite levels have been reported during and post-COVID-19. Yet, studies of gene expression at the tissue level capable of identifying the causes of endocrine dysfunctions are lacking. Transcript levels of endocrine-specific genes were analyzed in five endocrine organs of lethal COVID-19 cases. Overall, 116 autoptic specimens from 77 individuals (50 COVID-19 cases and 27 uninfected controls) were included. Samples were tested for the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The adrenals, pancreas, ovary, thyroid, and white adipose tissue (WAT) were investigated. Transcript levels of 42 endocrine-specific and 3 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were measured and compared between COVID-19 cases (virus-positive and virus-negative in each tissue) and uninfected controls. ISG transcript levels were enhanced in SARS-CoV-2-positive tissues. Endocrine-specific genes (e.g., HSD3B2, INS, IAPP, TSHR, FOXE1, LEP, and CRYGD) were deregulated in COVID-19 cases in an organ-specific manner. Transcription of organ-specific genes was suppressed in virus-positive specimens of the ovary, pancreas, and thyroid but enhanced in the adrenals. In WAT of COVID-19 cases, transcription of ISGs and leptin was enhanced independently of virus detection in tissue. Though vaccination and prior infection have a protective role against acute and long-term effects of COVID-19, clinicians must be aware that endocrine manifestations can derive from virus-induced and/or stress-induced transcriptional changes of individual endocrine genes. KEY MESSAGES: • SARS-CoV-2 can infect adipose tissue, adrenals, ovary, pancreas and thyroid. • Infection of endocrine organs induces interferon response. • Interferon response is observed in adipose tissue independently of virus presence. • Endocrine-specific genes are deregulated in an organ-specific manner in COVID-19. • Transcription of crucial genes such as INS, TSHR and LEP is altered in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anello Marcello Poma
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Diana Bonuccelli
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest, Lucca, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Macerola
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Niballi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest, Lucca, Italy
| | - Alessio Basolo
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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31
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Roham PH, Kamath JJ, Sharma S. Dissecting the Interrelationship between COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300107. [PMID: 37246237 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. After gaining entry into the human host, the virus initially infects the upper and lower respiratory tract, subsequently invading multiple organs, including the pancreas. While on one hand, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection and associated death, recent reports have shown the onset of DM in COVID-19-recovered patients. SARS-CoV-2 infiltrates the pancreatic islets and activates stress response and inflammatory signaling pathways, impairs glucose metabolism, and consequently leads to their death. Indeed, the pancreatic autopsy samples of COVID-19 patients reveal the presence of SARS-CoV-2 particles in β-cells. The current review describes how the virus enters the host cells and activates an immunological response. Further, it takes a closer look into the interrelationship between COVID-19 and DM with the aim to provide mechanistic insights into the process by which SARS-CoV-2 infects the pancreas and mediates dysfunction and death of endocrine islets. The effects of known anti-diabetic interventions for COVID-19 management are also discussed. The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a future therapy for pancreatic β-cells damage to reverse COVID-19-induced DM is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha H Roham
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Jayesh J Kamath
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
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32
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Grubišić B, Švitek L, Ormanac K, Sabo D, Mihaljević I, Bilić-Ćurčić I, Omanović Kolarić T. Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Diabetogenic Effects of COVID-19 Infection-Induction of Autoimmune Dysregulation and Metabolic Disturbances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11576. [PMID: 37511334 PMCID: PMC10380525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a significant association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes, whereby individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to severe disease and higher mortality rates. Interestingly, recent findings suggest a reciprocal relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes, wherein COVID-19 may contribute to developing new-onset diabetes and worsen existing metabolic abnormalities. This narrative review aims to shed light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the diabetogenic effects of COVID-19. Specifically, the review explores the potential role of various factors, including direct damage to β-cells, insulin resistance triggered by systemic inflammation, and disturbances in hormonal regulation, aiming to enhance our understanding of the COVID-19 impact on the development and progression of diabetes. By analysing these mechanisms, the aim is to enhance our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the development and progression of diabetes. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, which are present in key metabolic organs and tissues, may interfere with glucometabolic pathways, leading to hyperglycaemia, and potentially contribute to the development of new disease mechanisms. The virus's impact on β-cells through direct invasion or systemic inflammation may induce insulin resistance and disrupt glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, glucocorticoids, commonly used to treat COVID-19, may exacerbate hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, potentially contributing to new-onset diabetes. The long-term effects of COVID-19 on glucose metabolism are still unknown, necessitating further research into the possibility of developing a novel type of diabetes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the interaction between COVID-19 and diabetes, highlighting potential areas for future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Grubišić
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Luka Švitek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Klara Ormanac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dea Sabo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Mihaljević
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Croatia, 15 Kaptol Street, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilić-Ćurčić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tea Omanović Kolarić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of Osijek, 21 Crkvena Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Gojda J, Koudelková K, Ouřadová A, Lang A, Krbcová M, Gvozdeva A, Šebo V, Slagmolen L, Potočková J, Tůma P, Rossmeislová L, Anděl M, Karpe F, Schlesinger S. Severe COVID-19 associated hyperglycemia is caused by beta cell dysfunction: a prospective cohort study. Nutr Diabetes 2023; 13:11. [PMID: 37460458 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-023-00241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was shown to be associated with an increased risk of new-onset diabetes. Mechanisms contributing to the development of hyperglycemia are still unclear. We aimed to study whether hyperglycemia is related to insulin resistance and/or beta cell dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Survivors of severe COVID-19 but without a known history of diabetes were examined at baseline (T0) and after 3 (T3) and 6 (T6) months: corticosteroids use, indirect calorimetry, and OGTT. Insulin response and sensitivity (IS) were expressed as insulinogenic (IGI), disposition (DI), and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) was calculated from the gas exchange and nitrogen losses. RESULTS 26 patients (out of 37) with complete outcome data were included in the analysis (age ~59.0 years; BMI ~ 30.4, 35% women). Patients were hypermetabolic at T0 (30.3 ± 4.0 kcal/kg lean mass/day, ~120% predicted) but REE declined over 6 months (ΔT6-T0 mean dif. T6-T0 (95% CI): -5.4 (-6.8, -4.1) kcal/kg FFM/day, p < 0.0001). 17 patients at T0 and 13 patients at T6 had hyperglycemia. None of the patients had positive islet autoantibodies. Insulin sensitivity in T0 was similarly low in hyperglycemic (H) and normoglycemic patients (N) (T0 ISIH = 3.12 ± 1.23, ISIN = 3.47 ± 1.78, p = 0.44), whereas insulin response was lower in the H group (DIH = 3.05 ± 1.79 vs DIN = 8.40 ± 5.42, p = 0.003). Over 6 months ISI (ΔT6-T0 mean dif. T6-T0 for ISI (95% CI): 1.84 (0.45, 3.24), p = 0.01)) increased in the H group only. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe COVID-19 had increased REE and insulin resistance during the acute phase due to the infection and corticosteroid use, but these effects do not persist during the follow-up period. Only patients with insufficient insulin response developed hyperglycemia, indicating that beta cell dysfunction, rather than insulin resistance, was responsible for its occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gojda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Koudelková
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Ouřadová
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Lang
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum/DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magdaléna Krbcová
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Gvozdeva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Šebo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lotte Slagmolen
- Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Potočková
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Rossmeislová
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum/DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michal Anděl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Convergence of the two pandemics: metabolic syndrome and COVID-19 over last two years has posed unprecedented challenges to individuals as well as healthcare systems. Epidemiological data suggest a close association between metabolic syndrome and COVID-19 while variety of possible pathogenic connections have been proposed while some have been proven. Despite the evidence of high risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes in people with metabolic syndrome, little is known about the differences in efficacy and safety among people with metabolic syndrome and without. It is important to recognize that among people with metabolic syndrome This review summarizes the current knowledge and epidemiological evidence on the association between metabolic syndrome and adverse COVID-19 outcomes, pathogenic interrelationships, management considerations for acute COVID-19 and post-COVID sequalae and sustaining care of people living with metabolic syndrome with appraisal of evidence and gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Dissanayake
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka; Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Liontos A, Biros D, Kavakli A, Matzaras R, Tsiakas I, Athanasiou L, Samanidou V, Konstantopoulou R, Vagias I, Panteli A, Pappa C, Kolios NG, Nasiou M, Pargana E, Milionis H, Christaki E. Glycemic Dysregulation, Inflammation and Disease Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: Beyond Diabetes and Obesity. Viruses 2023; 15:1468. [PMID: 37515156 PMCID: PMC10386328 DOI: 10.3390/v15071468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity were associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between markers of inflammation, disease severity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and outcomes in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from the University Hospital of Ioannina COVID-19 Registry and included hospitalized patients from March 2020 to December 2022. The study cohort was divided into three subgroups based on the presence of DM, obesity, or the absence of both. RESULTS In diabetic patients, elevated CRP, IL-6, TRG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index, severe pneumonia, and hyperglycemia were associated with extended hospitalization. Increased IL-6, NLR, and decreased PFR were associated with a higher risk of death. In the obese subgroup, lower levels of PFR were associated with longer hospitalization and a higher risk of death, while severe lung disease and hyperglycemia were associated with extended hospitalization. In patients without DM or obesity severe pneumonia, NLR, CRP, IL-6, insulin resistance indices, and hyperglycemia during hospitalization were associated with longer hospitalization. CONCLUSION Inflammatory markers and disease severity indices were strongly associated with disease outcomes and hyperglycemia across all subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Liontos
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Biros
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Rafail Matzaras
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ilias Tsiakas
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lazaros Athanasiou
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Valentini Samanidou
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Revekka Konstantopoulou
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vagias
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Panteli
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christiana Pappa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Maria Nasiou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Pargana
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralampos Milionis
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eirini Christaki
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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Mancilla-Corona CO, Sanchez-Alavez M, Pineda-García G, Islas-Limon JY, Zazueta OE, Lopez-Baena JV, Rodríguez-Vásquez JI, Serafin-Higuera IR. The influence of physical fatigue on telephone-based neuropsychological test performance in COVID-19 survivors. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01638-2. [PMID: 37336825 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue has been characterized as a post COVID-19 condition known to persist months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 has been reported to be associated with impaired cognitive function, including disorders in attention, memory, information processing, and executive functions. The objective of this study was to determine if post-COVID fatigue, manifested as tiredness while performing low-intensity physical activity, has a detrimental effect on neuropsychological performance, to achieve this, we randomly selected 20 participants with post-COVID fatigue and 20 SARS-CoV-2 negative age-matched controls from a database of 360 residents of Tijuana, Baja California in a cross-sectional study design. All 40 participants responded to a health survey, along with a neuropsychological assessment test via telephone call. Statistical analysis was performed using a multiple linear regression model including the following independent variables: study condition (post-COVID fatigue or negative control), sex, age, years of education, hypertension, asthma, administration of supplemental oxygen during COVID-19 recovery, and the hour at which the evaluation started. Significant regression analysis was obtained for all global parameters of the assessment, including BANFE-2 score (p = 0.021, R2 Adj. = 0.263), NEUROPSI score (p = 0.008, R2 Adj. = 0.319), and total errors (p = 0.021, R2 Adj. = 0.263), with significant regression coefficients for study condition on two global parameters, BANFE-2 score (p = 0.028, β = - 0.371) and NEUROPSI score (p = 0.010, β = -0.428). These findings suggest that the presence of post-COVID fatigue is a factor associated with a decrease in neuropsychological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian O Mancilla-Corona
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Alavez
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
- Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gisela Pineda-García
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | - Julieta Y Islas-Limon
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | - Oscar E Zazueta
- Baja California Ministry of Health, Pioneros No. 1005 Centro, 21000, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Jonathan V Lopez-Baena
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | - Jesús I Rodríguez-Vásquez
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | - Idanya R Serafin-Higuera
- Centro de Diagnóstico COVID-19, Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Calzada Tecnológico y Universidad S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, 22390, Tijuana, BC, Mexico.
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Ramchandani BP, Azmath MF, Bendaram SR, Mirza FS. A Sweet Paradox: Severe Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection. Cureus 2023; 15:e40477. [PMID: 37456416 PMCID: PMC10349667 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a well-established association between hyperglycemia and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, regardless of the diagnosis of diabetes prior to the infection. However, it is unusual for patients with a mild infection to present with severe hyperglycemia and insulin resistance requiring intravenous insulin therapy. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19, making it crucial to achieve optimal glycemic control, which occasionally requires IV insulin therapy. We report a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), on hemodialysis, who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to non-adherence to insulin. He was found to be incidentally positive for COVID-19 on admission. Although he was asymptomatic and did not require steroids for the treatment of COVID-19, he was noted to have persistent severe hyperglycemia requiring unusually high levels of intravenous insulin. This proposes that even a mild infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can trigger a systemic response that can lead to downstream manifestations including insulin resistance and severe hyperglycemia. Interestingly, our patient had three admissions within the past six months as well as another admission two weeks after the current presentation with DKA secondary to insulin non-compliance, all of which required IV insulin for <24 hours following which he was transitioned to a basal-bolus insulin regimen with well-controlled glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanvi P Ramchandani
- Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Misbah F Azmath
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Snigdha R Bendaram
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Faryal S Mirza
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
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Barreto EA, Cruz AS, Veras FP, Martins R, Bernardelli RS, Paiva IM, Lima TM, Singh Y, Guimarães RC, Damasceno S, Pereira N, Alves JM, Gonçalves TT, Forato J, Muraro SP, Souza GF, Batah SS, Proenca-Modena JL, Mori MA, Cunha FQ, Louzada-Junior P, Cunha TM, Nakaya HI, Fabro A, de Oliveira RDR, Arruda E, Réa R, Réa Neto Á, Fernandes da Silva MM, Leiria LO. COVID-19-related hyperglycemia is associated with infection of hepatocytes and stimulation of gluconeogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217119120. [PMID: 37186819 PMCID: PMC10214153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of hyperglycemia upon infection is associated with worse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. However, it is still unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 directly triggers hyperglycemia. Herein, we interrogated whether and how SARS-CoV-2 causes hyperglycemia by infecting hepatocytes and increasing glucose production. We performed a retrospective cohort study including patients that were admitted at a hospital with suspicion of COVID-19. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from the chart records and daily blood glucose values were analyzed to test the hypothesis on whether COVID-19 was independently associated with hyperglycemia. Blood glucose was collected from a subgroup of nondiabetic patients to assess pancreatic hormones. Postmortem liver biopsies were collected to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and its transporters in hepatocytes. In human hepatocytes, we studied the mechanistic bases of SARS-CoV-2 entrance and its gluconeogenic effect. SARS-CoV-2 infection was independently associated with hyperglycemia, regardless of diabetic history and beta cell function. We detected replicating viruses in human hepatocytes from postmortem liver biopsies and in primary hepatocytes. We found that SARS-CoV-2 variants infected human hepatocytes in vitro with different susceptibility. SARS-CoV-2 infection in hepatocytes yields the release of new infectious viral particles, though not causing cell damage. We showed that infected hepatocytes increase glucose production and this is associated with induction of PEPCK activity. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 entry in hepatocytes occurs partially through ACE2- and GRP78-dependent mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in hepatocytes and exerts a PEPCK-dependent gluconeogenic effect in these cells that potentially is a key cause of hyperglycemia in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester A. Barreto
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda S. Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Flavio P. Veras
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Martins
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaella S. Bernardelli
- Federal University of Paraná, Center for Study and Research in Intensive Care Medicine, Curitiba82530-200, Brazil
| | - Isadora M. Paiva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Thais M. Lima
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Youvika Singh
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo05652-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael C. Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas13083-970, Brazil
| | - Samara Damasceno
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Nayara Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Manoel Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago T. Gonçalves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Forato
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas13083-970, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie P. Muraro
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas13083-970, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F. Souza
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Setembre Batah
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - José L. Proenca-Modena
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas13083-970, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research, Cluster University of Campinas, Campinas13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas13083-970, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research, Cluster University of Campinas, Campinas13083-970, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas13083-864, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Divisions of Clinical Immunology, Emergency, Infectious Diseases, and Intensive Care Unit, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo05652-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Fabro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Renê D. R. de Oliveira
- Divisions of Clinical Immunology, Emergency, Infectious Diseases, and Intensive Care Unit, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Réa
- Federal University of Paraná, Center for Study and Research in Intensive Care Medicine, Curitiba82530-200, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba80060-900, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Réa Neto
- Federal University of Paraná, Center for Study and Research in Intensive Care Medicine, Curitiba82530-200, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba80060-900, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Osório Leiria
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto14049-900, Brazil
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Barbalho SM, Minniti G, Miola VFB, Haber JFDS, Bueno PCDS, de Argollo Haber LS, Girio RSJ, Detregiachi CRP, Dall'Antonia CT, Rodrigues VD, Nicolau CCT, Catharin VMCS, Araújo AC, Laurindo LF. Organokines in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Cells 2023; 12:1349. [PMID: 37408184 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 that induces a generalized inflammatory state. Organokines (adipokines, osteokines, myokines, hepatokines, and cardiokines) can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. This study aimed to systematically review the role of organokines on COVID-19. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and 37 studies were selected, comprising more than 2700 individuals infected with the virus. Among COVID-19 patients, organokines have been associated with endothelial dysfunction and multiple organ failure due to augmented cytokines and increased SARS-CoV-2 viremia. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion can directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating the infection, promoting immune response alterations, and predicting the disease progression. These molecules have the potential to be used as adjuvant biomarkers to predict the severity of the illness and severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesselina Francisco Dos Santos Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar em Diabetes (CENID), School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cincotto Dos Santos Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Raul S J Girio
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Tiveron Dall'Antonia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Dogani Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia C T Nicolau
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Virginia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
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Grewal T, Buechler C. Adipokines as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for the Severity of COVID-19. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051302. [PMID: 37238973 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates obesity as a risk factor for increased severity of disease outcomes in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, which not only predisposes individuals to metabolic complications, but also substantially contributes to low-grade systemic inflammation, altered immune cell composition, and compromised immune function. This seems to impact the susceptibility and outcome of diseases caused by viruses, as obese people appear more vulnerable to developing infections and they recover later from infectious diseases than normal-weight individuals. Based on these findings, increased efforts to identify suitable diagnostic and prognostic markers in obese Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to predict disease outcomes have been made. This includes the analysis of cytokines secreted from adipose tissues (adipokines), which have multiple regulatory functions in the body; for instance, modulating insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, lipid metabolism, appetite, and fertility. Most relevant in the context of viral infections, adipokines also influence the immune cell number, with consequences for overall immune cell activity and function. Hence, the analysis of the circulating levels of diverse adipokines in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been considered to reveal diagnostic and prognostic COVID-19 markers. This review article summarizes the findings aimed to correlate the circulating levels of adipokines with progression and disease outcomes of COVID-19. Several studies provided insights on chemerin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and galectin-3 levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, while limited information is yet available on the adipokines apelin and visfatin in COVID-19. Altogether, current evidence points at circulating galectin-3 and resistin levels being of diagnostic and prognostic value in COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Plaut S. “Long COVID-19” and viral “fibromyalgia-ness”: Suggesting a mechanistic role for fascial myofibroblasts (Nineveh, the shadow is in the fascia). Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:952278. [PMID: 37089610 PMCID: PMC10117846 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.952278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has led to a wave of chronic disease cases; “Long COVID-19” is recognized as a new medical entity and resembles “fibromyalgia” which, likewise, lacks a clear mechanism. Observational studies indicate that up to 30%–40% of convalescent COVID-19 patients develop chronic widespread pain and fatigue and fulfill the 2016 diagnostic criteria for “fibromyalgia.” A recent study suggested a theoretical neuro-biomechanical model (coined “Fascial Armoring”) to help explain the pathogenesis and cellular pathway of fibromyalgia, pointing toward mechanical abnormalities in connective tissue and fascia, driven by contractile myo/fibroblasts and altered extracellular matrix remodeling with downstream corresponding neurophysiological aberrations. This may help explain several of fibromyalgia’s manifestations such as pain, distribution of pain, trigger points/tender spots, hyperalgesia, chronic fatigue, cardiovascular abnormalities, metabolic abnormalities, autonomic abnormalities, small fiber neuropathy, various psychosomatic symptoms, lack of obvious inflammation, and silent imaging investigations. Pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways provide input into this mechanism via stimulation of proto/myofibroblasts. In this hypothesis and theory paper the theoretical model of Fascial Armoring is presented to help explain the pathogenesis and manifestations of “long COVID-19” as a disease of immuno-rheumo-psycho-neurology. The model is also used to make testable experimental predictions on investigations and predict risk and relieving factors.
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Rajamanickam A, Venkataraman A, Kumar NP, Sasidaran R, Pandiarajan AN, Selvaraj N, Mittal R, Gowshika K, Putlibai S, Lakshan Raj S, Ramanan PV, Babu S. Alterations of adipokines, pancreatic hormones and incretins in acute and convalescent COVID-19 children. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:156. [PMID: 37013538 PMCID: PMC10068212 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), accountable for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may cause hyperglycemia and additional systemic complexity in metabolic parameters. It is unsure even if the virus itself causes type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM). Furthermore, it is still unclear whether even recuperating COVID-19 individuals have an increased chance to develop new-onset diabetes. METHODS We wanted to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the levels of adipokines, pancreatic hormones, incretins and cytokines in acute COVID-19, convalescent COVID-19 and control children through an observational study. We performed a multiplex immune assay analysis and compared the plasma levels of adipocytokines, pancreatic hormones, incretins and cytokines of children presenting with acute COVID-19 infection and convalescent COVID-19. RESULTS Acute COVID-19 children had significantly elevated levels of adipsin, leptin, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and ghrelin in comparison to convalescent COVID-19 and controls. Similarly, convalescent COVID-19 children had elevated levels of adipsin, leptin, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, ghrelin and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in comparison to control children. On the other hand, acute COVID-19 children had significantly decreased levels of adiponectin and Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) in comparison to convalescent COVID-19 and controls. Similarly, convalescent COVID-19 children had decreased levels of adiponectin and GIP in comparison to control children. Acute COVID-19 children had significantly elevated levels of cytokines, (Interferon (IFN)) IFNγ, Interleukins (IL)-2, TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IFNα, IFNβ, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors (G-CSF) in comparison to convalescent COVID-19 and controls. Convalescent COVID-19 children had elevated levels of IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IFNα, IFNβ, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A and G-CSF in comparison to control children. Additionally, Principal component Analysis (PCA) analysis distinguishes acute COVID-19 from convalescent COVID-19 and controls. The adipokines exhibited a significant correlation with the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Children with acute COVID-19 show significant glycometabolic impairment and exaggerated cytokine responses, which is different from convalescent COVID-19 infection and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis - International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.
| | | | | | - R Sasidaran
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Arul Nancy Pandiarajan
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis - International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Nandhini Selvaraj
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis - International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Mittal
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India
| | - K Gowshika
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - S Lakshan Raj
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis - International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Makhijani P, Basso PJ, Chan YT, Chen N, Baechle J, Khan S, Furman D, Tsai S, Winer DA. Regulation of the immune system by the insulin receptor in health and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1128622. [PMID: 36992811 PMCID: PMC10040865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1128622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor (InsR) are some of the most evolutionarily conserved pathways that regulate organism longevity and metabolism. InsR signaling is well characterized in metabolic tissues, such as liver, muscle, and fat, actively orchestrating cellular processes, including growth, survival, and nutrient metabolism. However, cells of the immune system also express the InsR and downstream signaling machinery, and there is increasing appreciation for the involvement of InsR signaling in shaping the immune response. Here, we summarize current understanding of InsR signaling pathways in different immune cell subsets and their impact on cellular metabolism, differentiation, and effector versus regulatory function. We also discuss mechanistic links between altered InsR signaling and immune dysfunction in various disease settings and conditions, with a focus on age related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and infection vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Makhijani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nan Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Baechle
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Stanford 1, 000 Immunomes Project, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Pilar, Argentina
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Bombaci B, Passanisi S, Sorrenti L, Salzano G, Lombardo F. Examining the associations between COVID-19 infection and pediatric type 1 diabetes. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:489-497. [PMID: 36888906 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2189587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge for public health worldwide, not only for the very high number of cases and deaths but also due to a wide variety of indirect consequences. Among these, the possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and type 1 diabetes (T1D) in pediatric age has aroused notable interest in the scientific community. AREAS COVERED This perspective article aims to focus on the epidemiological trend of T1D during the pandemic, the diabetogenic role of SARS-CoV-2, and the influence of preexisting T1D on COVID-19 outcomes. EXPERT OPINION The incidence of T1D has considerably changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, but any direct role of SARS-CoV-2 is uncertain. It is more likely that SARS-CoV-2 infection acts as an accelerator of pancreatic β-cell immunological destruction, which is activated by known viral triggers whose spread has been abnormal during these pandemic years. Another interesting aspect to consider is the role of immunization as a potential protective factor both for T1D development and the risk of severe outcomes in already diagnosed patients. Future studies are still required to address unmet needs, including the early use of antiviral drugs to reduce the risk of metabolic decompensation in children with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bombaci
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Passanisi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lacrima Sorrenti
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Salzano
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fortunato Lombardo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083191. [PMID: 36936928 PMCID: PMC10019896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the adipose tissue (AT) is a central metabolic organ in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis, it is also an important endocrine and immunological organ. As an endocrine organ, AT secretes a variety of bioactive peptides known as adipokines - some of which have inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. As an immunological organ, AT contains a broad spectrum of innate and adaptive immune cells that have mostly been studied in the context of obesity. However, overwhelming evidence supports the notion that AT is a genuine immunological effector site, which contains all cell subsets required to induce and generate specific and effective immune responses against pathogens. Indeed, AT was reported to be an immune reservoir in the host's response to infection, and a site of parasitic, bacterial and viral infections. In addition, besides AT's immune cells, preadipocytes and adipocytes were shown to express innate immune receptors, and adipocytes were reported as antigen-presenting cells to regulate T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Here we review the current knowledge on the role of AT and AT's immune system in host defense against pathogens. First, we will summarize the main characteristics of AT: type, distribution, function, and extraordinary plasticity. Second, we will describe the intimate contact AT has with lymph nodes and vessels, and AT immune cell composition. Finally, we will present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current research on the contribution of AT to host defense against pathogens, including the respiratory viruses influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
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Oudit GY, Wang K, Viveiros A, Kellner MJ, Penninger JM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-at the heart of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cell 2023; 186:906-922. [PMID: 36787743 PMCID: PMC9892333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ACE2 is the indispensable entry receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become one of the most therapeutically targeted human molecules in biomedicine. ACE2 serves two fundamental physiological roles: as an enzyme, it alters peptide cascade balance; as a chaperone, it controls intestinal amino acid uptake. ACE2's tissue distribution, affected by co-morbidities and sex, explains the broad tropism of coronaviruses and the clinical manifestations of SARS and COVID-19. ACE2-based therapeutics provide a universal strategy to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infections, applicable to all SARS-CoV-2 variants and other emerging zoonotic coronaviruses exploiting ACE2 as their cellular receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Kaiming Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anissa Viveiros
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Max J Kellner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Rajsfus BF, Mohana-Borges R, Allonso D. Diabetogenic viruses: linking viruses to diabetes mellitus. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15021. [PMID: 37064445 PMCID: PMC10102442 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of chronic metabolic diseases distinguished by elevated glycemia due to the alterations in insulin metabolism. DM is one of the most relevant diseases of the modern world, with high incidence and prevalence worldwide, associated with severe systemic complications and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Although genetic factors and lifestyle habits are two of the main factors involved in DM onset, viral infections, such as enteroviruses, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, among others, have been linked as triggers of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes. Over the years, various groups identified different mechanisms as to how viruses can promote these metabolic syndromes. However, this field is still poorly explored and needs further research, as millions of people live with these pathologies. Thus, this review aims to ex-plore the different processes of how viruses can induce DM and their contribution to the prevalence and incidence of DM worldwide.
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49
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Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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de Menezes DC, de Lima PDL, de Lima IC, Uesugi JHE, Vasconcelos PFDC, Quaresma JAS, Falcão LFM. Metabolic Profile of Patients with Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051197. [PMID: 36904195 PMCID: PMC10005061 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients experience a wide range of symptoms following acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Laboratory analyses of long COVID have demonstrated imbalances in metabolic parameters, suggesting that it is one of the many outcomes induced by long COVID. Therefore, this study aimed to illustrate the clinical and laboratory markers related to the course of the disease in patients with long COVID. Participants were selected using a clinical care programme for long COVID in the Amazon region. Clinical and sociodemographic data and glycaemic, lipid, and inflammatory screening markers were collected, and cross-sectionally analysed between the long COVID-19 outcome groups. Of the 215 participants, most were female and not elderly, and 78 were hospitalised during the acute COVID-19 phase. The main long COVID symptoms reported were fatigue, dyspnoea, and muscle weakness. Our main findings show that abnormal metabolic profiles (such as high body mass index measurement and high triglyceride, glycated haemoglobin A1c, and ferritin levels) are more prevalent in worse long COVID presentations (such as previous hospitalisation and more long-term symptoms). This prevalence may suggest a propensity for patients with long COVID to present abnormalities in the markers involved in cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Costa de Lima
- Center for Biological Health Sciences, State University of Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-670, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Center for Biological Health Sciences, State University of Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-670, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo 01246903, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66055-240, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fábio Magno Falcão
- Center for Biological Health Sciences, State University of Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-670, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo 01246903, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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