1
|
Lee SE, Lee GH. Effects of psoralidin on the expression of glutamate decarboxylases and inhibitory synapse development. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:1106-1114. [PMID: 38753588 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2346297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter required for excitation/inhibition balance is synthesized by the glutamic acid decarboxylases (GADs) in GABAergic neurons. The levels and activity of GADs are strongly correlated with GABA and neural transmission. Dysregulation of GADs and GABA is associated with various neurological disorders. The study used psoralidin, found in the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, to investigate its effect on GAD levels and regulatory mechanisms in primary cortical neurons. Psoralidin reduced GAD67 through transcriptional regulation. The reduction was not mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Additionally, psoralidin attenuated the formation of inhibitory synapses in primary hippocampal neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gum Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Takahashi K, Rensing NR, Eultgen EM, Wang SH, Nelvagal HR, Le SQ, Roberts MS, Doray B, Han EB, Dickson PI, Wong M, Sands MS, Cooper JD. GABAergic interneurons contribute to the fatal seizure phenotype of CLN2 disease mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.29.587276. [PMID: 38585903 PMCID: PMC10996664 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.29.587276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
GABAergic interneuron deficits have been implicated in the epileptogenesis of multiple neurological diseases. While epileptic seizures are a key clinical hallmark of CLN2 disease, a childhood-onset neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), the etiology of these seizures remains elusive. Given that Cln2 R207X/R207X mice display fatal spontaneous seizures and an early loss of several cortical interneuron populations, we hypothesized that those two events might be causally related. To address this hypothesis, we first generated an inducible transgenic mouse expressing lysosomal membrane-tethered TPP1 (TPP1LAMP1) on the Cln2 R207X/R207X genetic background to study the cell-autonomous effects of cell-type-specific TPP1 deficiency. We crossed the TPP1LAMP1 mice with Vgat-Cre mice to introduce interneuron-specific TPP1 deficiency. Vgat-Cre ; TPP1LAMP1 mice displayed storage material accumulation in several interneuron populations both in cortex and striatum, and increased susceptibility to die after PTZ-induced seizures. Secondly, to test the role of GABAergic interneuron activity in seizure progression, we selectively activated these cells in Cln2 R207X/R207X mice using Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) in in Vgat-Cre : Cln2 R207X/R207X mice. EEG monitoring revealed that DREADD-mediated activation of interneurons via chronic deschloroclozapine administration accelerated the onset of spontaneous seizures and seizure-associated death in Vgat-Cre : Cln2 R207X/R207X mice, suggesting that modulating interneuron activity can exert influence over epileptiform abnormalities in CLN2 disease. Taken together, these results provide new mechanistic insights into the underlying etiology of seizures and premature death that characterize CLN2 disease.
Collapse
|
3
|
Watanabe M, Sinha AS, Shinmyo Y, Fukuda A. Early establishment of chloride homeostasis in CRH neurons is altered by prenatal stress leading to fetal HPA axis dysregulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1373337. [PMID: 38577026 PMCID: PMC10994000 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1373337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons play an important role in the regulation of neuroendocrine responses to stress. The excitability of CRH neurons is regulated by inhibitory GABAergic inputs. However, it is unclear when GABAergic regulation of CRH neurons is established during fetal brain development. Furthermore, the exact progression of the developmental shift of GABA action from depolarization to hyperpolarization remains unelucidated. Considering the importance of CRH neuron function in subsequent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation during this critical phase of development, we investigated the ontogeny of GABAergic inputs to CRH neurons and consequent development of chloride homeostasis. Both CRH neuron soma in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and axons projecting to the median eminence could be identified at embryonic day 15 (E15). Using acute slices containing the PVN of CRF-VenusΔNeo mice, gramicidin perforated-patch clamp-recordings of CRH neurons at E15, postnatal day 0 (P0), and P7 were performed to evaluate the developmental shift of GABA action. The equilibrium potential of GABA (EGABA) was similar between E15 and P0 and showed a further hyperpolarizing shift between P0 and P7 that was comparable to EGABA values in adult CRH neurons. GABA primarily acted as an inhibitory signal at E15 and KCC2 expression was detected in CRH neurons at this age. Activation of the HPA axis has been proposed as the primary mechanism through which prenatal maternal stress shapes fetal development and subsequent long-term disease risk. We therefore examined the impact of maternal food restriction stress on the development of chloride homeostasis in CRH neurons. We observed a depolarization shift of EGABA in CRH neurons of pups exposed to maternal food restriction stress. These results suggest that Cl- homeostasis in early developmental CRH neurons attains mature intracellular Cl- levels, GABA acts primarily as inhibitory, and CRH neurons mature and function early compared with neurons in other brain regions, such as the cortex and hippocampus. Maternal food restriction stress alters chloride homeostasis in CRH neurons of pups, reducing their inhibitory control by GABA. This may contribute to increased CRH neuron activity and cause activation of the HPA axis in pups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yohei Shinmyo
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Egilmezer E, Hamilton ST, Foster CSP, Marschall M, Rawlinson WD. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) dysregulates neurodevelopmental pathways in cerebral organoids. Commun Biol 2024; 7:340. [PMID: 38504123 PMCID: PMC10951402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading non-genetic aetiology of congenital malformation in developed countries, causing significant fetal neurological injury. This study investigated potential CMV pathogenetic mechanisms of fetal neural malformation using in vitro human cerebral organoids. Cerebral organoids were permissive to CMV replication, and infection dysregulated cellular pluripotency and differentiation pathways. Aberrant expression of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRK), sonic hedgehog (SHH), pluripotency, neurodegeneration, axon guidance, hippo signalling and dopaminergic synapse pathways were observed in CMV-infected organoids using immunofluorescence and RNA-sequencing. Infection with CMV resulted in dysregulation of 236 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-related genes (p = 1.57E-05) and pathways. This notable observation suggests potential links between congenital CMV infection and ASD. Using DisGeNET databases, 103 diseases related to neural malformation or mental disorders were enriched in CMV-infected organoids. Cytomegalovirus infection-related dysregulation of key cerebral cellular pathways potentially provides important, modifiable pathogenetic mechanisms for congenital CMV-induced neural malformation and ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Egilmezer
- Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stuart T Hamilton
- Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Charles S P Foster
- Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - William D Rawlinson
- Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Richardson RJ, Petrou S, Bryson A. Established and emerging GABA A receptor pharmacotherapy for epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1341472. [PMID: 38449810 PMCID: PMC10915249 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1341472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Drugs that modulate the GABAA receptor are widely used in clinical practice for both the long-term management of epilepsy and emergency seizure control. In addition to older medications that have well-defined roles for the treatment of epilepsy, recent discoveries into the structure and function of the GABAA receptor have led to the development of newer compounds designed to maximise therapeutic benefit whilst minimising adverse effects, and whose position within the epilepsy pharmacologic armamentarium is still emerging. Drugs that modulate the GABAA receptor will remain a cornerstone of epilepsy management for the foreseeable future and, in this article, we provide an overview of the mechanisms and clinical efficacy of both established and emerging pharmacotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Richardson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander Bryson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen F, Dong X, Wang Z, Wu T, Wei L, Li Y, Zhang K, Ma Z, Tian C, Li J, Zhao J, Zhang W, Liu A, Shen H. Regulation of specific abnormal calcium signals in the hippocampal CA1 and primary cortex M1 alleviates the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:425-433. [PMID: 37488907 PMCID: PMC10503629 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory, resistant to antiepileptic drugs, and has a high recurrence rate. The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully understood. Intracellular calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown, and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving mice. In this study, we used a multi-channel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy process. We found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy episodes. In particular, cortical spreading depression, which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals, was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from grade II to grade V. However, vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor seizures. Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to grade I episodes. In addition, the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged, and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly reduced. Intriguingly, it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium dynamics. Via simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors, we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced, and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were improved. Our results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect specific epileptic behaviors corresponding to different grades. Furthermore, the selective regulation of abnormal calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons appears to effectively alleviate temporal lobe epilepsy, thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for a new temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosis and treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongrui Wu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangpeng Wei
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengguang Ma
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Menzikov SA, Zaichenko DM, Moskovtsev AA, Morozov SG, Kubatiev AA. Phenols and GABA A receptors: from structure and molecular mechanisms action to neuropsychiatric sequelae. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1272534. [PMID: 38303988 PMCID: PMC10831359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1272534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are members of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) family, which are widespread throughout the invertebrate and vertebrate central nervous system. GABAARs are engaged in short-term changes of the neuronal concentrations of chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3 -) ions by their passive permeability through the ion channel pore. GABAARs are regulated by various structurally diverse phenolic substances ranging from simple phenols to complex polyphenols. The wide chemical and structural variability of phenols suggest similar and different binding sites on GABAARs, allowing them to manifest themselves as activators, inhibitors, or allosteric ligands of GABAAR function. Interest in phenols is associated with their great potential for GABAAR modulation, but also with their subsequent negative or positive role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review focuses on the GABAergic deficit hypotheses during neurological and psychiatric disorders induced by various phenols. We summarize the structure-activity relationship of general phenol groups concerning their differential roles in the manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. We describe and analyze the role of GABAAR subunits in manifesting various neuropathologies and the molecular mechanisms underlying their modulation by phenols. Finally, we discuss how phenol drugs can modulate GABAAR activity via desensitization and resensitization. We also demonstrate a novel pharmacological approach to treat neuropsychiatric disorders via regulation of receptor phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wenzel M, Huberfeld G, Grayden DB, de Curtis M, Trevelyan AJ. A debate on the neuronal origin of focal seizures. Epilepsia 2023; 64 Suppl 3:S37-S48. [PMID: 37183507 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical question regarding how focal seizures start is whether we can identify particular cell classes that drive the pathological process. This was the topic for debate at the recent International Conference for Technology and Analysis of Seizures (ICTALS) meeting (July 2022, Bern, CH) that we summarize here. The debate has been fueled in recent times by the introduction of powerful new ways to manipulate subpopulations of cells in relative isolation, mostly using optogenetics. The motivation for resolving the debate is to identify novel targets for therapeutic interventions through a deeper understanding of the etiology of seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wenzel
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gilles Huberfeld
- Neurology Department, Hopital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - David B Grayden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco de Curtis
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S., Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew J Trevelyan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kurki SN, Srinivasan R, Laine J, Virtanen MA, Ala-Kurikka T, Voipio J, Kaila K. Acute neuroinflammation leads to disruption of neuronal chloride regulation and consequent hyperexcitability in the dentate gyrus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113379. [PMID: 37922309 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a salient part of diverse neurological and psychiatric pathologies that associate with neuronal hyperexcitability, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be identified. Here, we show that peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) renders the dentate gyrus (DG) hyperexcitable to perforant pathway stimulation in vivo and increases the internal spiking propensity of dentate granule cells (DGCs) in vitro 24 h post-injection (hpi). In parallel, LPS leads to a prominent downregulation of chloride extrusion via KCC2 and to the emergence of NKCC1-mediated chloride uptake in DGCs under experimental conditions optimized to detect specific changes in transporter efficacy. These data show that acute neuroinflammation leads to disruption of neuronal chloride regulation, which unequivocally results in a loss of GABAergic inhibition in the DGCs, collapsing the gating function of the DG. The present work provides a mechanistic explanation for neuroinflammation-driven hyperexcitability and consequent cognitive disturbance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samu N Kurki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rakenduvadhana Srinivasan
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jens Laine
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari A Virtanen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Ala-Kurikka
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Voipio
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Kaila
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liao W, Lee KZ. CDKL5-mediated developmental tuning of neuronal excitability and concomitant regulation of transcriptome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3276-3298. [PMID: 37688574 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) is a serine-threonine kinase enriched in the forebrain to regulate neuronal development and function. Patients with CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a severe neurodevelopmental condition caused by mutations of CDKL5 gene, present early-onset epilepsy as the most prominent feature. However, spontaneous seizures have not been reported in mouse models of CDD, raising vital questions on the human-mouse differences and the roles of CDKL5 in early postnatal brains. Here, we firstly measured electroencephalographic (EEG) activities via a wireless telemetry system coupled with video-recording in neonatal mice. We found that mice lacking CDKL5 exhibited spontaneous epileptic EEG discharges, accompanied with increased burst activities and ictal behaviors, specifically at postnatal day 12 (P12). Intriguingly, those epileptic spikes disappeared after P14. We next performed an unbiased transcriptome profiling in the dorsal hippocampus and motor cortex of Cdkl5 null mice at different developmental timepoints, uncovering a set of age-dependent and brain region-specific alterations of gene expression in parallel with the transient display of epileptic activities. Finally, we validated multiple differentially expressed genes, such as glycine receptor alpha 2 and cholecystokinin, at the transcript or protein levels, supporting the relevance of these genes to CDKL5-regulated excitability. Our findings reveal early-onset neuronal hyperexcitability in mouse model of CDD, providing new insights into CDD etiology and potential molecular targets to ameliorate intractable neonatal epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ze Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pracucci E, Graham RT, Alberio L, Nardi G, Cozzolino O, Pillai V, Pasquini G, Saieva L, Walsh D, Landi S, Zhang J, Trevelyan AJ, Ratto GM. Daily rhythm in cortical chloride homeostasis underpins functional changes in visual cortex excitability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7108. [PMID: 37925453 PMCID: PMC10625537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical activity patterns are strongly modulated by fast synaptic inhibition mediated through ionotropic, chloride-conducting receptors. Consequently, chloride homeostasis is ideally placed to regulate activity. We therefore investigated the stability of baseline [Cl-]i in adult mouse neocortex, using in vivo two-photon imaging. We found a two-fold increase in baseline [Cl-]i in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, from day to night, with marked effects upon both physiological cortical processing and seizure susceptibility. Importantly, the night-time activity can be converted to the day-time pattern by local inhibition of NKCC1, while inhibition of KCC2 converts day-time [Cl-]i towards night-time levels. Changes in the surface expression and phosphorylation of the cation-chloride cotransporters, NKCC1 and KCC2, matched these pharmacological effects. When we extended the dark period by 4 h, mice remained active, but [Cl-]i was modulated as for animals in normal light cycles. Our data thus demonstrate a daily [Cl-]i modulation with complex effects on cortical excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pracucci
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Robert T Graham
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura Alberio
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gabriele Nardi
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Olga Cozzolino
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vinoshene Pillai
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pasquini
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Saieva
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Darren Walsh
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Silvia Landi
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, Pisa, Italy
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Institute of Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology. Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shangai. Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Andrew J Trevelyan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Gian-Michele Ratto
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, Pisa, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nimgampalle M, Chakravarthy H, Sharma S, Shree S, Bhat AR, Pradeepkiran JA, Devanathan V. Neurotransmitter systems in the etiology of major neurological disorders: Emerging insights and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101994. [PMID: 37385351 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters serve as chemical messengers playing a crucial role in information processing throughout the nervous system, and are essential for healthy physiological and behavioural functions in the body. Neurotransmitter systems are classified as cholinergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, histaminergic, or aminergic systems, depending on the type of neurotransmitter secreted by the neuron, allowing effector organs to carry out specific functions by sending nerve impulses. Dysregulation of a neurotransmitter system is typically linked to a specific neurological disorder. However, more recent research points to a distinct pathogenic role for each neurotransmitter system in more than one neurological disorder of the central nervous system. In this context, the review provides recently updated information on each neurotransmitter system, including the pathways involved in their biochemical synthesis and regulation, their physiological functions, pathogenic roles in diseases, current diagnostics, new therapeutic targets, and the currently used drugs for associated neurological disorders. Finally, a brief overview of the recent developments in neurotransmitter-based therapeutics for selected neurological disorders is offered, followed by future perspectives in that area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna Nimgampalle
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Harshini Chakravarthy
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Sapana Sharma
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Shree
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anoop Ramachandra Bhat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vasudharani Devanathan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Viegas MPC, Santos LEC, Aarão MC, Cecilio SG, Medrado JM, Pires AC, Rodrigues AM, Scorza CA, Moret MA, Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Almeida ACG. The nonsynaptic plasticity in Parkinson's disease: Insights from an animal model. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100242. [PMID: 37480642 PMCID: PMC10387572 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 6-OHDA nigro-striatal lesion model has already been related to disorders in the excitability and synchronicity of neural networks and variation in the expression of transmembrane proteins that control intra and extracellular ionic concentrations, such as cation-chloride cotransporters (NKCC1 and KCC2) and Na+/K+-ATPase and, also, to the glial proliferation after injury. All these non-synaptic mechanisms have already been related to neuronal injury and hyper-synchronism processes. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to verify whether mechanisms not directly related to synaptic neurotransmission could be involved in the modulation of nigrostriatal pathways. METHODS Male Wistar rats, 3 months old, were submitted to a unilateral injection of 24 µg of 6-OHDA, in the striatum (n = 8). The animals in the Control group (n = 8) were submitted to the same protocol, with the replacement of 6-OHDA by 0.9% saline. The analysis by optical densitometry was performed to quantify the immunoreactivity intensity of GFAP, NKCC1, KCC2, Na+/K+-ATPase, TH and Cx36. RESULTS The 6-OHDA induced lesions in the striatum, were not followed by changes in the expression cation-chloride cotransporters and Na+/K+-ATPase, but with astrocytic reactivity in the lesioned and adjacent regions of the nigrostriatal. Moreover, the dopaminergic degeneration caused by 6-OHDA is followed by changes in the expression of connexin-36. CONCLUSIONS The use of the GJ blockers directly along the nigrostriatal pathways to control PD motor symptoms is conjectured. Electrophysiology of the striatum and the substantia nigra, to verify changes in neuronal synchronism, comparing brain slices of control animals and experimental models of PD, is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mônica P C Viegas
- Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz E C Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayra C Aarão
- Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Samyra G Cecilio
- Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Joana M Medrado
- Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Arthur C Pires
- Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio M Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Neuroscience Discipline, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Neurociências e Saúde da Mulher "Professor Geraldo Rodrigues de Lima", Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Moret
- SENAI ‒ Departamento Regional da Bahia, Centro Integrado de Manufatura e Tecnologia, Bahia, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Neuroscience Discipline, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Neurociências e Saúde da Mulher "Professor Geraldo Rodrigues de Lima", Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antônio-Carlos G Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil; Centro de Neurociências e Saúde da Mulher "Professor Geraldo Rodrigues de Lima", Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Simonnet C, Sinha M, Goutierre M, Moutkine I, Daumas S, Poncer JC. Silencing KCC2 in mouse dorsal hippocampus compromises spatial and contextual memory. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1067-1077. [PMID: 36302847 PMCID: PMC10209115 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Delayed upregulation of the neuronal chloride extruder KCC2 underlies the progressive shift in GABA signaling polarity during development. Conversely, KCC2 downregulation is observed in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders often associated with cognitive impairment. Reduced KCC2 expression and function in mature networks may disrupt GABA signaling and promote anomalous network activities underlying these disorders. However, the causal link between KCC2 downregulation, altered brain rhythmogenesis, and cognitive function remains elusive. Here, by combining behavioral exploration with in vivo electrophysiology we assessed the impact of chronic KCC2 downregulation in mouse dorsal hippocampus and showed it compromises both spatial and contextual memory. This was associated with altered hippocampal rhythmogenesis and neuronal hyperexcitability, with increased burst firing in CA1 neurons during non-REM sleep. Reducing neuronal excitability with terbinafine, a specific Task-3 leak potassium channel opener, occluded the impairment of contextual memory upon KCC2 knockdown. Our results establish a causal relationship between KCC2 expression and cognitive performance and suggest that non-epileptiform rhythmopathies and neuronal hyperexcitability are central to the deficits caused by KCC2 downregulation in the adult mouse brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Simonnet
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
- Basic Neuroscience Department, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manisha Sinha
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marie Goutierre
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Imane Moutkine
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean Christophe Poncer
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Colombo S, Reddy HP, Petri S, Williams DJ, Shalomov B, Dhindsa RS, Gelfman S, Krizay D, Bera AK, Yang M, Peng Y, Makinson CD, Boland MJ, Frankel WN, Goldstein DB, Dascal N. Epilepsy in a mouse model of GNB1 encephalopathy arises from altered potassium (GIRK) channel signaling and is alleviated by a GIRK inhibitor. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1175895. [PMID: 37275776 PMCID: PMC10232839 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1175895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations in GNB1, encoding the Gβ1 subunit of G proteins, cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with global developmental delay and epilepsy, GNB1 encephalopathy. Here, we show that mice carrying a pathogenic mutation, K78R, recapitulate aspects of the disorder, including developmental delay and generalized seizures. Cultured mutant cortical neurons also display aberrant bursting activity on multi-electrode arrays. Strikingly, the antiepileptic drug ethosuximide (ETX) restores normal neuronal network behavior in vitro and suppresses spike-and-wave discharges (SWD) in vivo. ETX is a known blocker of T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and G protein-coupled potassium (GIRK) channels. Accordingly, we present evidence that K78R results in a gain-of-function (GoF) effect by increasing the activation of GIRK channels in cultured neurons and a heterologous model (Xenopus oocytes)-an effect we show can be potently inhibited by ETX. This work implicates a GoF mechanism for GIRK channels in epilepsy, identifies a new mechanism of action for ETX in preventing seizures, and establishes this mouse model as a pre-clinical tool for translational research with predicative value for GNB1 encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Colombo
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Haritha P. Reddy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sabrina Petri
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Damian J. Williams
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Boris Shalomov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ryan S. Dhindsa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sahar Gelfman
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Krizay
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amal K. Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mu Yang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Mouse NeuroBehavior Core Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yueqing Peng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher D. Makinson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Boland
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wayne N. Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David B. Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nathan Dascal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Korczowska-Łącka I, Hurła M, Banaszek N, Kobylarek D, Szymanowicz O, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Selected Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism Disorders in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4132-4149. [PMID: 37039942 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases can be broadly divided according to causal factors into circulatory system disorders leading to ischemic stroke; degeneration of the nerve cells leading to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, and immune system disorders; bioelectric activity (epileptic) problems; and genetically determined conditions as well as viral and bacterial infections developing inflammation. Regardless of the cause of neurological diseases, they are usually accompanied by disturbances of the central energy in a completely unexplained mechanism. The brain makes up only 2% of the human body's weight; however, while working, it uses as much as 20% of the energy obtained by the body. The energy requirements of the brain are very high, and regulatory mechanisms in the brain operate to ensure adequate neuronal activity. Therefore, an understanding of neuroenergetics is rapidly evolving from a "neurocentric" view to a more integrated picture involving cooperativity between structural and molecular factors in the central nervous system. This article reviewed selected molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress and energy metabolism disorders such as homocysteine, DNA damage such as 8-oxo2dG, genetic variants, and antioxidants such as glutathione in selected neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, AD, PD, and epilepsy. This review summarizes our and others' recent research on oxidative stress in neurological disorders. In the future, the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases may be substantially improved by identifying specific early markers of metabolic and energy disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Korczowska-Łącka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Hurła
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Banaszek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominik Kobylarek
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Oliwia Szymanowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scalmani P, Paterra R, Mantegazza M, Avoli M, de Curtis M. Involvement of GABAergic Interneuron Subtypes in 4-Aminopyridine-Induced Seizure-Like Events in Mouse Entorhinal Cortex in Vitro. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1987-2001. [PMID: 36810229 PMCID: PMC10027059 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1190-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-unit recordings performed in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and in models of temporal lobe seizures have shown that interneurons are active at focal seizure onset. We performed simultaneous patch-clamp and field potential recordings in entorhinal cortex slices of GAD65 and GAD67 C57BL/6J male mice that express green fluorescent protein in GABAergic neurons to analyze the activity of specific interneuron (IN) subpopulations during acute seizure-like events (SLEs) induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 100 μm). IN subtypes were identified as parvalbuminergic (INPV, n = 17), cholecystokinergic (INCCK), n = 13], and somatostatinergic (INSOM, n = 15), according to neurophysiological features and single-cell digital PCR. INPV and INCCK discharged at the start of 4-AP-induced SLEs characterized by either low-voltage fast or hyper-synchronous onset pattern. In both SLE onset types, INSOM fired earliest before SLEs, followed by INPV and INCCK discharges. Pyramidal neurons became active with variable delays after SLE onset. Depolarizing block was observed in ∼50% of cells in each INs subgroup, and it was longer in IN (∼4 s) than in pyramidal neurons (<1 s). As SLE evolved, all IN subtypes generated action potential bursts synchronous with the field potential events leading to SLE termination. High-frequency firing throughout the SLE occurred in one-third of INPV and INSOM We conclude that entorhinal cortex INs are very active at the onset and during the progression of SLEs induced by 4-AP. These results support earlier in vivo and in vivo evidence and suggest that INs have a preferential role in focal seizure initiation and development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Focal seizures are believed to result from enhanced excitation. Nevertheless, we and others demonstrated that cortical GABAergic networks may initiate focal seizures. Here, we analyzed for the first time the role of different IN subtypes in seizures generated by 4-aminopyridine in the mouse entorhinal cortex slices. We found that in this in vitro focal seizure model, all IN types contribute to seizure initiation and that INs precede firing of principal cells. This evidence is in agreement with the active role of GABAergic networks in seizure generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosina Paterra
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7275, Laboratoire d'Excellence/Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique, 06650 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 06650 Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Massimo Avoli
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chloride ion dysregulation in epileptogenic neuronal networks. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:106000. [PMID: 36638891 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature CNS. When GABAA receptors are activated the membrane potential is driven towards hyperpolarization due to chloride entry into the neuron. However, chloride ion dysregulation that alters the ionic gradient can result in depolarizing GABAergic post-synaptic potentials instead. In this review, we highlight that GABAergic inhibition prevents and restrains focal seizures but then reexamine this notion in the context of evidence that a static and/or a dynamic chloride ion dysregulation, that increases intracellular chloride ion concentrations, promotes epileptiform activity and seizures. To reconcile these findings, we hypothesize that epileptogenic pathologically interconnected neuron (PIN) microcircuits, representing a small minority of neurons, exhibit static chloride dysregulation and should exhibit depolarizing inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (IPSPs). We speculate that chloride ion dysregulation and PIN cluster activation may generate fast ripples and epileptiform spikes as well as initiate the hypersynchronous seizure onset pattern and microseizures. Also, we discuss the genetic, molecular, and cellular players important in chloride dysregulation which regulate epileptogenesis and initiate the low-voltage fast seizure onset pattern. We conclude that chloride dysregulation in neuronal networks appears to be critical for epileptogenesis and seizure genesis, but feed-back and feed-forward inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission plays an important role in preventing and restraining seizures as well.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rong J, Yang Y, Liang M, Zhong H, Li Y, Zhu Y, Sha S, Chen L, Zhou R. Neonatal inflammation increases hippocampal KCC2 expression through methylation-mediated TGF-β1 downregulation leading to impaired hippocampal cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in adult mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:15. [PMID: 36691035 PMCID: PMC9872321 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which neonatal inflammation leads to cognitive deficits in adulthood remain poorly understood. Inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission plays a vital role in controlling learning, memory and synaptic plasticity. Since early-life inflammation has been reported to adversely affect the GABAergic synaptic transmission, the aim of this study was to investigate whether and how neonatal inflammation affects GABAergic synaptic transmission resulting in cognitive impairment. Neonatal mice received a daily subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/kg) or saline on postnatal days 3-5. It was found that blocking GABAergic synaptic transmission reversed the deficit in hippocampus-dependent memory or the induction failure of long-term potentiation in the dorsal CA1 in adult LPS mice. An increase of mIPSCs amplitude was further detected in adult LPS mice indicative of postsynaptic potentiation of GABAergic transmission. Additionally, neonatal LPS resulted in the increased expression and function of K+-Cl--cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and the decreased expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the dorsal CA1 during adulthood. The local TGF-β1 overexpression improved KCC2 expression and function, synaptic plasticity and memory of adult LPS mice. Adult LPS mice show hypermethylation of TGFb1 promoter and negatively correlate with reduced TGF-β1 transcripts. 5-Aza-deoxycytidine restored the changes in TGFb1 promoter methylation and TGF-β1 expression. Altogether, the results suggest that hypermethylation-induced reduction of TGF-β1 leads to enhanced GABAergic synaptic inhibition through increased KCC2 expression, which is a underlying mechanism of neonatal inflammation-induced hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in adult mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Yang Yang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Min Liang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Haiquan Zhong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Yingchun Li
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Sha Sha
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Lei Chen
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Rong Zhou
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chan CK, Lim KS, Low SK, Tan CT, Ng CC. Genetic interaction between GABRA1 and ERBB4 variants in the pathogenesis of genetic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2023; 189:107070. [PMID: 36584483 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex neurological disease that can be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the genetic risk variants and molecular mechanisms of epilepsy. Disruption of excitation-inhibition balance (E/I balance) is one of the widely accepted disease mechanisms of epilepsy. The maintenance of E/I balance is an intricate process that is governed by multiple proteins. Using whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified a novel GABRA1 c.448G>A (p.E150K) variant and ERBB4 c.1972A>T (p.I658F, rs190654033) variant in a Malaysian Chinese family with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). The GGE may be triggered by dysregulation of E/I balance mechanism. Segregation of the variants in the family was verified by Sanger sequencing. All family members with GGE inherited both variants. However, family members who carried only one of the variants did not show any symptoms of GGE. Both the GABRA1 and ERBB4 variants were predicted damaging by MutationTaster and CADD, and protein structure analysis showed that the variants had resulted in the formation of additional hydrogen bonds in the mutant proteins. GABRA1 variant could reduce the efficiency of GABAA receptors, and constitutively active ERBB4 receptors caused by the ERBB4 variant promote internalization of GABAA receptors. The interaction between the two variants may cause a greater disruption in E/I balance, which is more likely to induce a seizure. Nevertheless, this disease model was derived from a single small family, further studies are still needed to confirm the verifiability of the purported disease model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kin Chan
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kheng-Seang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Siew-Kee Low
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chong-Tin Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Santos LEC, Almeida ACG, Silva SCB, Rodrigues AM, Cecílio SG, Scorza CA, Finsterer J, Moret M, Scorza FA. The amygdala lesioning due to status epilepticus - Changes in mechanisms controlling chloride homeostasis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100159. [PMID: 36774732 PMCID: PMC9945640 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amygdala has been demonstrated as one of the brain sites involved in the control of cardiorespiratory functioning. The structural and physiological alterations induced by epileptic activity are also present in the amygdala and reflect functional changes that may be directly associated with a sudden unexpected death. Seizures are always associated with neuronal damage and changes in the expression of cation-chloride cotransporters and Na/K pumps. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate if these changes are present in the amygdala after induction of status epilepticus with pilocarpine, which may be directly correlated with Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). METHODS Pilocarpine-treated wistar rats 60 days after Status Epilepticus (SE) were compared with control rats. Amygdala nuclei of brain slices immunostained for NKCC1, KCC2 and α1-Na+/K+-ATPase, were quantified by optical densitometry. RESULTS The amygdaloid complex of the animals submitted to SE had no significant difference in the NKCC1 immunoreactivity, but KCC2 immunoreactivity reduced drastically in the peri-somatic sites and in the dendritic-like processes. The α1-Na+/K+-ATPase peri-somatic immunoreactivity was intense in the rats submitted to pilocarpine SE when compared with control rats. The pilocarpine SE also promoted intense GFAP staining, specifically in the basolateral and baso-medial nuclei with astrogliosis and cellular debris deposition. INTERPRETATION The findings revealed that SE induces lesion changes in the expression of KCC2 and α1-Na+/K+-ATPase meaning intense change in the chloride regulation in the amygdaloid complex. These changes may contribute to cardiorespiratory dysfunction leading to SUDEP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E C Santos
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio-Carlos G Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Sílvia C B Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio M Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Samyra G Cecílio
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Moret
- SENAI ‒ Departamento Regional da Bahia, Centro Integrado de Manufatura e Tecnologia, Bahia, BA, Brazil
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang XL, Zhou JY, Zhang P, Lin L, Mei R, Zhang FL, Chen YM, Li R. Clptm1, a new target in suppressing epileptic seizure by regulating GABA A R-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission in a PTZ-induced epilepsy model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:61-69. [PMID: 36519412 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of gamma-amino butyric acid type A receptors (GABAA Rs) synaptic clustering and a decrease in the number of GABAA Rs in the plasma membrane are thought to contribute to alteration of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, which promotes seizure induction and propagation. The multipass transmembrane protein cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1 (Clptm1) controls the forward trafficking of GABAA R, thus decaying miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) of inhibitory synapses. In this study, using a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy rat model, we found that Clptm1 regulates epileptic seizures by modulating GABAA R-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission. First, we showed that Clptm1 expression was elevated in the PTZ-induced epileptic rats. Subsequently, we found that downregulation of Clptm1 expression protected against PTZ-induced seizures, which was attributed to an increase in the number of GABAA Rγ2s in the plasma membrane and the amplitude of mIPSC. Taken together, our findings identify a new anti-seizure target that provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong Mei
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng-Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kurki SN, Uvarov P, Pospelov AS, Trontti K, Hübner AK, Srinivasan R, Watanabe M, Hovatta I, Hübner CA, Kaila K, Virtanen MA. Expression patterns of NKCC1 in neurons and non-neuronal cells during cortico-hippocampal development. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5906-5923. [PMID: 36573432 PMCID: PMC10183754 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 is widely expressed in cells within and outside the brain. However, our understanding of its roles in brain functions throughout development, as well as in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, has been severely hindered by the lack of reliable data on its developmental and (sub)cellular expression patterns. We provide here the first properly controlled analysis of NKCC1 protein expression in various cell types of the mouse brain using custom-made antibodies and an NKCC1 knock-out validated immunohistochemical procedure, with parallel data based on advanced mRNA approaches. NKCC1 protein and mRNA are expressed at remarkably high levels in oligodendrocytes. In immature neurons, NKCC1 protein was located in the somata, whereas in adult neurons, only NKCC1 mRNA could be clearly detected. NKCC1 immunoreactivity is also seen in microglia, astrocytes, developing pericytes, and in progenitor cells of the dentate gyrus. Finally, a differential expression of NKCC1 splice variants was observed, with NKCC1a predominating in non-neuronal cells and NKCC1b in neurons. Taken together, our data provide a cellular basis for understanding NKCC1 functions in the brain and enable the identification of major limitations and promises in the development of neuron-targeting NKCC1-blockers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samu N Kurki
- University of Helsinki Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki Neuroscience Center, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Pavel Uvarov
- University of Helsinki Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki Neuroscience Center, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Alexey S Pospelov
- University of Helsinki Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki Neuroscience Center, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Kalevi Trontti
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki Neuroscience Center, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- University of Helsinki SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- University of Helsinki Department of Psychology and Logopedics, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Antje K Hübner
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller Universität Institute of Human Genetics, , 07747 Jena , Germany
| | - Rakenduvadhana Srinivasan
- University of Helsinki Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki Neuroscience Center, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Hokkaido University Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, , Sapporo 060–8638 , Japan
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki Neuroscience Center, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- University of Helsinki SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- University of Helsinki Department of Psychology and Logopedics, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller Universität Institute of Human Genetics, , 07747 Jena , Germany
| | - Kai Kaila
- University of Helsinki Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki Neuroscience Center, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Mari A Virtanen
- University of Helsinki Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki Neuroscience Center, , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rodent Models of Audiogenic Epilepsy: Genetic Aspects, Advantages, Current Problems and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112934. [PMID: 36428502 PMCID: PMC9687921 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of epilepsy are of great importance in epileptology. They are used to study the mechanisms of epileptogenesis, and search for new genes and regulatory pathways involved in the development of epilepsy as well as screening new antiepileptic drugs. Today, many methods of modeling epilepsy in animals are used, including electroconvulsive, pharmacological in intact animals, and genetic, with the predisposition for spontaneous or refractory epileptic seizures. Due to the simplicity of manipulation and universality, genetic models of audiogenic epilepsy in rodents stand out among this diversity. We tried to combine data on the genetics of audiogenic epilepsy in rodents, the relevance of various models of audiogenic epilepsy to certain epileptic syndromes in humans, and the advantages of using of rodent strains predisposed to audiogenic epilepsy in current epileptology.
Collapse
|
25
|
Valcárcel-Hernández V, Guillén-Yunta M, Bueno-Arribas M, Montero-Pedrazuela A, Grijota-Martínez C, Markossian S, García-Aldea Á, Flamant F, Bárez-López S, Guadaño-Ferraz A. A CRISPR/Cas9-engineered avatar mouse model of monocarboxylate transporter 8 deficiency displays distinct neurological alterations. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
26
|
Aqueous extract of Piper betle L. leaf and Areca catechu L. nut protects against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and positively modulates cognitive function in adult Zebrafish. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
27
|
Proskurina EY, Zaitsev AV. Regulation of Potassium and Chloride Concentrations in Nervous Tissue as a Method of Anticonvulsant Therapy. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022050015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Under some pathological conditions, such as pharmacoresistant
epilepsy, status epilepticus or certain forms of genetic abnormalities,
spiking activity of GABAergic interneurons may enhance excitation
processes in neuronal circuits and provoke the generation of ictal
discharges. As a result, anticonvulsants acting on the GABAergic
system may be ineffective or even increase seizure activity. This
paradoxical effect of the inhibitory system is due to ionic imbalances
in nervous tissue. This review addresses the mechanisms of ictal
discharge initiation in neuronal networks due to the imbalance of
chloride and potassium ions, as well as possible ways to regulate
ionic concentrations. Both the enhancement (or attenuation) of the
activity of certain neuronal ion transporters and ion pumps and
their additional expression via gene therapy can be effective in
suppressing seizure activity caused by ionic imbalances. The Na+–K+-pump,
NKCC1 and KCC2 cotransporters are important for maintaining proper
K+ and Cl– concentrations
in nervous tissue, having been repeatedly considered as pharmacological
targets for antiepileptic exposures. Further progress in this direction
is hampered by the lack of sufficiently selective pharmacological
tools and methods for providing effective drug delivery to the epileptic
focus. The use of the gene therapy techniques, such as overexpressing
of the KCC2 transporter in the epileptic focus, seems to be a more promising
approach. Another possible direction could be the use of optogenetic
tools, namely specially designed light-activated ion pumps or ion
channels. In this case, photon energy can be used to create the
required gradients of chloride and potassium ions, although these
methods also have significant limitations which complicate their
rapid introduction into medicine.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wen Y, Zhang G, Liu L, Zhang P, lin L, Mei R, Zhang F, Chen Y, Li R. HAP1 interacts with 14-3-3 to regulate epileptic seizure via GABAAR-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission in pentylenetetrazole rat model. Neurosci Res 2022; 182:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Mueller JS, Tescarollo FC, Sun H. DREADDs in Epilepsy Research: Network-Based Review. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:863003. [PMID: 35465094 PMCID: PMC9021489 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.863003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy can be interpreted as altered brain rhythms from overexcitation or insufficient inhibition. Chemogenetic tools have revolutionized neuroscience research because they allow "on demand" excitation or inhibition of neurons with high cellular specificity. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are the most frequently used chemogenetic techniques in epilepsy research. These engineered muscarinic receptors allow researchers to excite or inhibit targeted neurons with exogenous ligands. As a result, DREADDs have been applied to investigate the underlying cellular and network mechanisms of epilepsy. Here, we review the existing literature that has applied DREADDs to understand the pathophysiology of epilepsy. The aim of this review is to provide a general introduction to DREADDs with a focus on summarizing the current main findings in experimental epilepsy research using these techniques. Furthermore, we explore how DREADDs may be applied therapeutically as highly innovative treatments for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hai Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lodovichi C, Ratto GM, Trevelyan AJ, Arosio D. Genetically encoded sensors for Chloride concentration. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 368:109455. [PMID: 34952088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insights into chloride regulation in neurons have come slowly, but they are likely to be critical for our understanding of how the brain works. The reason is that the intracellular Cl- level ([Cl-]i) is the key determinant of synaptic inhibitory function, and this in turn dictates all manner of neuronal network function. The true impact on the network will only be apparent, however, if Cl- is measured at many locations at once (multiple neurons, and also across the subcellular compartments of single neurons), which realistically, can only be achieved using imaging. The development of genetically-encoded anion biosensors (GABs) brings the additional benefit that Cl- imaging may be done in identified cell-classes and hopefully in subcellular compartments. Here, we describe the historical background and motivation behind the development of these sensors and how they have been used so far. There are, however, still major limitations for their use, the most important being the fact that all GABs are sensitive to both pH and Cl-. Disambiguating the two signals has proved a major challenge, but there are potential solutions; notable among these is ClopHensor, which has now been developed for in vivo measurements of both ion species. We also speculate on how these biosensors may yet be improved, and how this could advance our understanding of Cl- regulation and its impact on brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lodovichi
- Neuroscience Institute-CNR, Depart. Biomedical Sciences, Unipd, Padova, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy.
| | - Gian Michele Ratto
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrew J Trevelyan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniele Arosio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Biofisica, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao H, Mao X, Zhu C, Zou X, Peng F, Yang W, Li B, Li G, Ge T, Cui R. GABAergic System Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781327. [PMID: 35198562 PMCID: PMC8858939 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a series of neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by two hallmark symptoms, social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the most important inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission is critical for the regulation of brain rhythm and spontaneous neuronal activities during neurodevelopment. Genetic evidence has identified some variations of genes associated with the GABA system, indicating an abnormal excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission ratio implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD. However, the specific molecular mechanism by which GABA and GABAergic synaptic transmission affect ASD remains unclear. Transgenic technology enables translating genetic variations into rodent models to further investigate the structural and functional synaptic dysregulation related to ASD. In this review, we summarized evidence from human neuroimaging, postmortem, and genetic and pharmacological studies, and put emphasis on the GABAergic synaptic dysregulation and consequent E/I imbalance. We attempt to illuminate the pathophysiological role of structural and functional synaptic dysregulation in ASD and provide insights for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ranji Cui
- *Correspondence: Tongtong Ge, ; Ranji Cui,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Al Awabdh S, Donneger F, Goutierre M, Séveno M, Vigy O, Weinzettl P, Russeau M, Moutkine I, Lévi S, Marin P, Poncer JC. Gephyrin Interacts with the K-Cl Cotransporter KCC2 to Regulate Its Surface Expression and Function in Cortical Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:166-182. [PMID: 34810232 PMCID: PMC8802937 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2926-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2, encoded by the Slc12a5 gene, is a neuron-specific chloride extruder that tunes the strength and polarity of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission. In addition to its canonical ion transport function, KCC2 also regulates spinogenesis and excitatory synaptic function through interaction with a variety of molecular partners. KCC2 is enriched in the vicinity of both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, the activity of which in turn regulates its membrane stability and function. KCC2 interaction with the submembrane actin cytoskeleton via 4.1N is known to control its anchoring near glutamatergic synapses on dendritic spines. However, the molecular determinants of KCC2 clustering near GABAergic synapses remain unknown. Here, we used proteomics to identify novel KCC2 interacting proteins in the adult rat neocortex. We identified both known and novel candidate KCC2 partners, including some involved in neuronal development and synaptic transmission. These include gephyrin, the main scaffolding molecule at GABAergic synapses. Gephyrin interaction with endogenous KCC2 was confirmed by immunoprecipitation from rat neocortical extracts. We showed that gephyrin stabilizes plasmalemmal KCC2 and promotes its clustering in hippocampal neurons, mostly but not exclusively near GABAergic synapses, thereby controlling KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion. This study identifies gephyrin as a novel KCC2 anchoring molecule that regulates its membrane expression and function in cortical neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fast synaptic inhibition in the brain is mediated by chloride-permeable GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and therefore relies on transmembrane chloride gradients. In neurons, these gradients are primarily maintained by the K/Cl cotransporter KCC2. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms controlling KCC2 expression and function is crucial to understand its physiological regulation and rescue its function in the pathology. KCC2 function depends on its membrane expression and clustering, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We describe the interaction between KCC2 and gephyrin, the main scaffolding protein at inhibitory synapses. We show that gephyrin controls plasmalemmal KCC2 clustering and that loss of gephyrin compromises KCC2 function. Our data suggest functional units comprising GABAARs, gephyrin, and KCC2 act to regulate synaptic GABA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Al Awabdh
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florian Donneger
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie Goutierre
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martial Séveno
- BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Oana Vigy
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Weinzettl
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Marion Russeau
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Imane Moutkine
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sabine Lévi
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Christophe Poncer
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tabatabaee S, Bahrami F, Janahmadi M. The Critical Modulatory Role of Spiny Stellate Cells in Seizure Onset Based on Dynamic Analysis of a Neural Mass Model. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:743720. [PMID: 35002598 PMCID: PMC8739215 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.743720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that excitatory neurons in the brain play a significant role in seizure generation. Nonetheless, spiny stellate cells are cortical excitatory non-pyramidal neurons in the brain, whose basic role in seizure occurrence is not well understood. In the present research, we study the critical role of spiny stellate cells or the excitatory interneurons (EI), for the first time, in epileptic seizure generation using an extended neural mass model inspired by a thalamocortical model originally introduced by another research group. Applying bifurcation analysis on this modified model, we investigated the rich dynamics corresponding to the epileptic seizure onset and transition between interictal and ictal states caused by EI connectivity to other cell types. Our results indicate that the transition between interictal and ictal states (preictal signal) corresponds to a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, and thus, the extended model suggests that before seizure onset, the amplitude and frequency of neural activities gradually increase. Moreover, we showed that (1) the altered function of GABAergic and glutamatergic receptors of EI can cause seizure, and (2) the pathway between the thalamic relay nucleus and EI facilitates the transition from interictal to ictal activity by decreasing the preictal period. Thereafter, we considered both sensory and cortical periodic inputs to study model responses to various harmonic stimulations. Bifurcation analysis of the model, in this case, suggests that the initial state of the model might be the main cause for the transition between interictal and ictal states as the stimulus frequency changes. The extended thalamocortical model shows also that the amplitude jump phenomenon and non-linear resonance behavior result from the preictal state of the modified model. These results can be considered as a step forward to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the transition from normal activities to epileptic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Tabatabaee
- Human Motor Control and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Bahrami
- Human Motor Control and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tóth K, Lénárt N, Berki P, Fekete R, Szabadits E, Pósfai B, Cserép C, Alatshan A, Benkő S, Kiss D, Hübner CA, Gulyás A, Kaila K, Környei Z, Dénes Á. The NKCC1 ion transporter modulates microglial phenotype and inflammatory response to brain injury in a cell-autonomous manner. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001526. [PMID: 35085235 PMCID: PMC8856735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NKCC1 ion transporter contributes to the pathophysiology of common neurological disorders, but its function in microglia, the main inflammatory cells of the brain, has remained unclear to date. Therefore, we generated a novel transgenic mouse line in which microglial NKCC1 was deleted. We show that microglial NKCC1 shapes both baseline and reactive microglia morphology, process recruitment to the site of injury, and adaptation to changes in cellular volume in a cell-autonomous manner via regulating membrane conductance. In addition, microglial NKCC1 deficiency results in NLRP3 inflammasome priming and increased production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), rendering microglia prone to exaggerated inflammatory responses. In line with this, central (intracortical) administration of the NKCC1 blocker, bumetanide, potentiated intracortical lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine levels. In contrast, systemic bumetanide application decreased inflammation in the brain. Microglial NKCC1 KO animals exposed to experimental stroke showed significantly increased brain injury, inflammation, cerebral edema and worse neurological outcome. Thus, NKCC1 emerges as an important player in controlling microglial ion homeostasis and inflammatory responses through which microglia modulate brain injury. The contribution of microglia to central NKCC1 actions is likely to be relevant for common neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Tóth
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Berki
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebeka Fekete
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabadits
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ahmad Alatshan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Benkő
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kiss
- Software Engineering Institute, John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Gulyás
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zsuzsanna Környei
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Löscher W, Kaila K. CNS pharmacology of NKCC1 inhibitors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108910. [PMID: 34883135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 and the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 are considered attractive CNS drug targets because altered neuronal chloride regulation and consequent effects on GABAergic signaling have been implicated in numerous CNS disorders. While KCC2 modulators are not yet clinically available, the loop diuretic bumetanide has been used off-label in attempts to treat brain disorders and as a tool for NKCC1 inhibition in preclinical models. Bumetanide is known to have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects under some pathophysiological conditions. However, as shown in several species from neonates to adults (mice, rats, dogs, and by extrapolation in humans), at the low clinical doses of bumetanide approved for diuresis, this drug has negligible access into the CNS, reaching levels that are much lower than what is needed to inhibit NKCC1 in cells within the brain parenchyma. Several drug discovery strategies have been initiated over the last ∼15 years to develop brain-permeant compounds that, ideally, should be selective for NKCC1 to eliminate the diuresis mediated by inhibition of renal NKCC2. The strategies employed to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of NKCC1 blockers include evaluation of other clinically approved loop diuretics; development of lipophilic prodrugs of bumetanide; development of side-chain derivatives of bumetanide; and unbiased high-throughput screening approaches of drug discovery based on large chemical compound libraries. The main outcomes are that (1), non-acidic loop diuretics such as azosemide and torasemide may have advantages as NKCC1 inhibitors vs. bumetanide; (2), bumetanide prodrugs lead to significantly higher brain levels than the parent drug and have lower diuretic activity; (3), the novel bumetanide side-chain derivatives do not exhibit any functionally relevant improvement of CNS accessibility or NKCC1 selectivity vs. bumetanide; (4) novel compounds discovered by high-throughput screening may resolve some of the inherent problems of bumetanide, but as yet this has not been achieved. Thus, further research is needed to optimize the design of brain-permeant NKCC1 inhibitors. In parallel, a major challenge is to identify the mechanisms whereby various NKCC1-expressing cellular targets of these drugs within (e.g., neurons, oligodendrocytes or astrocytes) and outside the brain parenchyma (e.g., the blood-brain barrier, the choroid plexus, and the endocrine system), as well as molecular off-target effects, might contribute to their reported therapeutic and adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lombardi A, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W. Modelling the spatial and temporal constrains of the GABAergic influence on neuronal excitability. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009199. [PMID: 34767548 PMCID: PMC8612559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain that can mediate depolarizing responses during development or after neuropathological insults. Under which conditions GABAergic membrane depolarizations are sufficient to impose excitatory effects is hard to predict, as shunting inhibition and GABAergic effects on spatiotemporal filtering of excitatory inputs must be considered. To evaluate at which reversal potential a net excitatory effect was imposed by GABA (EGABAThr), we performed a detailed in-silico study using simple neuronal topologies and distinct spatiotemporal relations between GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs. These simulations revealed for GABAergic synapses located at the soma an EGABAThr close to action potential threshold (EAPThr), while with increasing dendritic distance EGABAThr shifted to positive values. The impact of GABA on AMPA-mediated inputs revealed a complex temporal and spatial dependency. EGABAThr depends on the temporal relation between GABA and AMPA inputs, with a striking negative shift in EGABAThr for AMPA inputs appearing after the GABA input. The spatial dependency between GABA and AMPA inputs revealed a complex profile, with EGABAThr being shifted to values negative to EAPThr for AMPA synapses located proximally to the GABA input, while for distally located AMPA synapses the dendritic distance had only a minor effect on EGABAThr. For tonic GABAergic conductances EGABAThr was negative to EAPThr over a wide range of gGABAtonic values. In summary, these results demonstrate that for several physiologically relevant situations EGABAThr is negative to EAPThr, suggesting that depolarizing GABAergic responses can mediate excitatory effects even if EGABA did not reach EAPThr. The neurotransmitter GABA mediates an inhibitory action in the mature brain, while it was found that GABA provokes depolarizations in the immature brain or after neurological insults. It is, however, not clear to which extend these GABAergic depolarizations can contribute to an excitatory effect. In the present manuscript we approached this question with a computational model of a simplified neurons to determine what amount of a GABAergic depolarizing effect, which we quantified by the so called GABA reversal potential (EGABA), was required to turn GABAergic inhibition to excitation. The results of our simulations revealed that if GABA was applied alone a GABAergic excitation was induced when EGABA was around the action potential threshold. When GABA was applied together with additional excitatory inputs, which is the physiological situation in the brain, only for spatially and temporally correlated inputs EGABA was close to the action potential threshold. For situations in which the additional excitatory inputs appear after the GABA input or are distant to the GABA input, an excitatory effect of GABA could be observed already at EGABA substantially negative to the action potential threshold. This results indicate that even slightly depolarizing GABA responses, which may be induced during or after neurological insults, can potentially turn GABAergic inhibition into GABAergic excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Lombardi
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J. Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Amakhin DV, Soboleva EB, Chizhov AV, Zaitsev AV. Insertion of Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors during Epileptiform Activity In Vitro Modulates Excitability of Principal Neurons in the Rat Entorhinal Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12174. [PMID: 34830051 PMCID: PMC8621524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic activity leads to rapid insertion of calcium-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (CP-AMPARs) into the synapses of cortical and hippocampal glutamatergic neurons, which generally do not express them. The physiological significance of this process is not yet fully understood; however, it is usually assumed to be a pathological process that augments epileptic activity. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in rat entorhinal cortex slices, we demonstrate that the timing of epileptiform discharges, induced by 4-aminopyridine and gabazine, is determined by the shunting effect of Ca2+-dependent slow conductance, mediated predominantly by K+-channels. The blockade of CP-AMPARs by IEM-1460 eliminates this extra conductance and consequently increases the rate of discharge generation. The blockade of NMDARs reduced the additional conductance to a lesser extent than the blockade of CP-AMPARs, indicating that CP-AMPARs are a more significant source of intracellular Ca2+. The study's main findings were implemented in a mathematical model, which reproduces the shunting effect of activity-dependent conductance on the generation of discharges. The obtained results suggest that the expression of CP-AMPARs in principal neurons reduces the discharge generation rate and may be considered as a protective mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Amakhin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Toreza Prospekt 44, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.V.A.); (E.B.S.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Elena B. Soboleva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Toreza Prospekt 44, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.V.A.); (E.B.S.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Anton V. Chizhov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Toreza Prospekt 44, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.V.A.); (E.B.S.); (A.V.C.)
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Polytekhnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksey V. Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Toreza Prospekt 44, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.V.A.); (E.B.S.); (A.V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dudok B, Klein PM, Soltesz I. Toward Understanding the Diverse Roles of Perisomatic Interneurons in Epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr 2021; 22:54-60. [PMID: 35233202 PMCID: PMC8832350 DOI: 10.1177/15357597211053687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are associated with excessive neuronal spiking. Perisomatic
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons specifically innervate the subcellular
domains of postsynaptic excitatory cells that are critical for spike generation. With a
revolution in transcriptomics-based cell taxonomy driving the development of novel
transgenic mouse lines, selectively monitoring and modulating previously elusive
interneuron types is becoming increasingly feasible. Emerging evidence suggests that the
three types of hippocampal perisomatic interneurons, axo-axonic cells, along with
parvalbumin- and cholecystokinin-expressing basket cells, each follow unique activity
patterns in vivo, suggesting distinctive roles in regulating epileptic networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barna Dudok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter M. Klein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Almalki AH, Naguib IA, Alshehri FS, Alghamdi BS, Alsaab HO, Althobaiti YS, Alshehri S, Abdallah FF. Application of Three Ecological Assessment Tools in Examining Chromatographic Methods for the Green Analysis of a Mixture of Dopamine, Serotonin, Glutamate and GABA: A Comparative Study. Molecules 2021; 26:5436. [PMID: 34576907 PMCID: PMC8467375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of greenness of analytical protocols is of great importance now to preserve the environment. Some studies have analyzed either only the neurotransmitters, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together or with other neurotransmitters and biomarkers. However, these methods have not been investigated for their greenness and were not compared with each other to find the optimum one. Therefore, this study aims to compare seven published chromatographic methods that analyzed the four neurotransmitters and their mixtures using the National Environmental Method Index, Analytical Eco-Scale Assessment (ESA), and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI). As these methods cover both qualitative and quantitative aspects, they offer better transparency. Overall, GAPI showed maximum greenness throughout the analysis. Method 6 was proven to be the method of choice for analyzing the mixture, owing to its greenness, according to NEMI, ESA, and GAPI. Additionally, method 6 has a wide scope of application (13 components can be analyzed), high sensitivity (low LOQ values), and fast analysis (low retention times, especially for glutamate and GABA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiah H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.O.A.); (Y.S.A.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad S. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia;
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.O.A.); (Y.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yusuf S. Althobaiti
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (H.O.A.); (Y.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatma F. Abdallah
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ghit A, Assal D, Al-Shami AS, Hussein DEE. GABA A receptors: structure, function, pharmacology, and related disorders. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:123. [PMID: 34417930 PMCID: PMC8380214 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background γ-Aminobutyric acid sub-type A receptors (GABAARs) are the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS. They are a family of ligand-gated ion channel with significant physiological and therapeutic implications. Main body GABAARs are heteropentamers formed from a selection of 19 subunits: six α (alpha1-6), three β (beta1-3), three γ (gamma1-3), three ρ (rho1-3), and one each of the δ (delta), ε (epsilon), π (pi), and θ (theta) which result in the production of a considerable number of receptor isoforms. Each isoform exhibits distinct pharmacological and physiological properties. However, the majority of GABAARs are composed of two α subunits, two β subunits, and one γ subunit arranged as γ2β2α1β2α1 counterclockwise around the center. The mature receptor has a central chloride ion channel gated by GABA neurotransmitter and modulated by a variety of different drugs. Changes in GABA synthesis or release may have a significant effect on normal brain function. Furthermore, The molecular interactions and pharmacological effects caused by drugs are extremely complex. This is due to the structural heterogeneity of the receptors, and the existence of multiple allosteric binding sites as well as a wide range of ligands that can bind to them. Notably, dysfunction of the GABAergic system contributes to the development of several diseases. Therefore, understanding the relationship between GABAA receptor deficits and CNS disorders thus has a significant impact on the discovery of disease pathogenesis and drug development. Conclusion To date, few reviews have discussed GABAA receptors in detail. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the structural, physiological, and pharmacological properties of GABAARs, as well as shedding light on the most common associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ghit
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Dina Assal
- Department of Biotechnology, American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Diaa Eldin E Hussein
- Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Port of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee SE, Lee GH. Reelin Affects Signaling Pathways of a Group of Inhibitory Neurons and the Development of Inhibitory Synapses in Primary Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147510. [PMID: 34299127 PMCID: PMC8305533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a secretory protein involved in a variety of processes in forebrain development and function, including neuronal migration, dendrite growth, spine formation, and synaptic plasticity. Most of the function of Reelin is focused on excitatory neurons; however, little is known about its effects on inhibitory neurons and inhibitory synapses. In this study, we investigated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway of Reelin in primary cortical and hippocampal neurons. Individual neurons were visualized using immunofluorescence to distinguish inhibitory neurons from excitatory neurons. Reelin-rich protein supplementation significantly induced the phosphorylation of Akt and ribosomal S6 protein in excitatory neurons, but not in most inhibitory neurons. In somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons, one of major subtypes of inhibitory neurons, Reelin-rich protein supplementation induced the phosphorylation of S6. Subsequently, we investigated whether or not Reelin-rich protein supplementation affected dendrite development in cultured inhibitory neurons. Reelin-rich protein supplementation did not change the total length of dendrites in inhibitory neurons in vitro. Finally, we examined the development of inhibitory synapses in primary hippocampal neurons and found that Reelin-rich protein supplementation significantly reduced the density of gephyrin-VGAT-positive clusters in the dendritic regions without changing the expression levels of several inhibitory synapse-related proteins. These findings indicate a new role for Reelin in specific groups of inhibitory neurons and the development of inhibitory synapses, which may contribute to the underlying cellular mechanisms of RELN-associated neurological disorders.
Collapse
|
42
|
Fokoua AR, Ndjenda MK, Kaptué Wuyt A, Tatsinkou Bomba FD, Dongmo AK, Chouna R, Nkeng-Efouet PA, Nguelefack TB. Anticonvulsant effects of the aqueous and methanol extracts from the stem bark of Psychotria camptopus Verdc. (Rubiacaea) in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113955. [PMID: 33610704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE The decoction from the stem bark of Psychotria camptopus (Rubiaceae) is used in the Cameroonian pharmacopoeia to treat neurological pathologies including epilepsy. AIM The present work was undertaken to study the anticonvulsant properties of the aqueous (AE) and methanol (ME) extracts from the stem bark of P. camptopus in acute models of epileptic seizures in Wistar rats. METHOD AE and ME were obtained by decoction and maceration of the stem bark powder in water and methanol, respectively. They were tested orally at the doses of 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg, on the latency of onset and duration of epileptic seizures induced by pentylene tetrazole (PTZ, 70 mg/kg, i.p.). The kinetic effect of both extracts at 120 mg/kg was evaluated. Their effects on diazepam (50 mg/kg) induced sleep and strychnine (STR, 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced seizures were determined. ME was further tested on picrotoxin (PIC, 7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and thiosemicarbazide (TSC, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) induced seizure models. The phytochemical composition of ME was assessed using LC-MS method, as well as its acute toxicity. RESULTS AE and ME significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the duration of seizures in both PTZ and STR models. Their maximal effect was observed at 1 h after administration, though their effect at 120 mg/kg was maintained (p < 0.05) up to 24 h post-treatment. Both extracts significantly (p < 0.01) reduced sleep duration. ME significantly (p < 0.001) increased the latency of rat death on PIC-induced convulsions. In TSC rats, ME significantly (p < 0.001) delayed the latency to the first convulsion, and decreased the duration and frequency of convulsions. ME showed no acute toxicity while its phytochemical screening revealed the presence of two flavonoids (Rutin and Butin), two triterpenoid saponins (Psycotrianoside B and Bauerenone) and four alkaloids (10-Hydroxy-antirhine, 10-hydroxy-iso-deppeaninol, Emetine and Hodkinsine). In conclusion, AE and ME from the stem bark of P. camptopus have comparable anticonvulsant properties. The effect of ME is likely due to the presence of flavonoids and alkaloid and the activation of GABA pathway. These results further justify and support the use of P. camptopus in traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliance Romain Fokoua
- Research Unit of Neuro-Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Fondation Alango, Center for African Phytomedicine, P.O. Box, 371, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Magloire K Ndjenda
- Research Unit of Neuro-Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Adeline Kaptué Wuyt
- Research Unit of Neuro-Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Francis Desire Tatsinkou Bomba
- Research Unit of Neuro-Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Appolinaire Kene Dongmo
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Fondation Alango, Center for African Phytomedicine, P.O. Box, 371, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Rodolphe Chouna
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Fondation Alango, Center for African Phytomedicine, P.O. Box, 371, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Pepin Alango Nkeng-Efouet
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Fondation Alango, Center for African Phytomedicine, P.O. Box, 371, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Télesphore Benoît Nguelefack
- Research Unit of Neuro-Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Altered Cl - homeostasis hinders forebrain GABAergic interneuron migration in a mouse model of intellectual disability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016034118. [PMID: 33376209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016034118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments of inhibitory circuits are at the basis of most, if not all, cognitive deficits. The impact of OPHN1, a gene associate with intellectual disability (ID), on inhibitory neurons remains elusive. We addressed this issue by analyzing the postnatal migration of inhibitory interneurons derived from the subventricular zone in a validated mouse model of ID (OPHN1-/y mice). We found that the speed and directionality of migrating neuroblasts were deeply perturbed in OPHN1-/y mice. The significant reduction in speed was due to altered chloride (Cl-) homeostasis, while the overactivation of the OPHN1 downstream signaling pathway, RhoA kinase (ROCK), caused abnormalities in the directionality of the neuroblast progression in mutants. Blocking the cation-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 almost completely rescued the migration speed while proper directionality was restored upon ROCK inhibition. Our data unveil a strong impact of OPHN1 on GABAergic inhibitory interneurons and identify putative targets for successful therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
44
|
Keute M, Wienke C, Ruhnau P, Zaehle T. Effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) on beta and gamma brain oscillations. Cortex 2021; 140:222-231. [PMID: 34015727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Physiological and behavioral effects induced through transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) are under scrutiny in a growing number of studies, yet its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. One candidate mechanism is a modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission through tVNS. Two recent behavioral studies suggest that such a GABAergic effect might occur in a lateralized fashion, i.e., the GABA modulation might be stronger in the left than in the right brain hemisphere after tVNS applied to the left ear. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we tested for GABA-associated modulations in resting and event-related brain oscillations and for a lateralization of those effects in a sample of 41 healthy young adults. Our data provide substantial evidence against all hypotheses, i.e., we neither find effects of tVNS on oscillatory power nor a lateralization of effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Keute
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Wienke
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg
| | - Philipp Ruhnau
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang CS, Chiu SC, Liu PY, Wu SN, Lai MC, Huang CW. Gastrodin alleviates seizure severity and neuronal excitotoxicities in the rat lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy via enhancing GABAergic transmission. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113751. [PMID: 33359863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Temporal lobe epilepsy remains one of the most drug-resistant focal epilepsy, leading to enormous healthcare burden. Among traditional herb medicine, some ingredients have the potential to treat seizure and alleviate the neuronal excitoxicity. The dried rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume has been used to treat convulsive disorder, dizziness, dementia and migraine in eastern Asia. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine whether gastrodin, an active ingredient of Gastrodia elata Blume, can reduce lithium-pilocarpine induced seizure severity and neuronal excitotoxicity and explore the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We divided the Sprague-Dawley rats into an experimental group (gastrodin group) and a control group (Dimethyl sulfoxide, vehicle group) and performed the behavioral analysis and electroencephalography to determine the effect of gastrodin on the seizure severity induced by lithium-pilocarpine injection. Nissl-stained histopathology elucidated the degree of rat hippocampal neuronal damage as markers of acute and subacute neuronal excitotoxicity. Besides, the Western blotting of dissected hippocampus was carried out to demonstrate the protein expression involving GABAergic transmission and metabolic pathway. RESULTS Gastrodin reduced the acute seizure severity in lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizure model. In electroencephalography recording, gastrodin exerted inhibitory action on epileptiform discharge. Compared with control group, gastrodin exhibited neuroprotective effect against seizure related hippocampal neuronal damage at acute and subacute stages. The Western blotting showed that gastrodin reversed the degradation of GABAA receptor after pilocarpine-induced seizures. CONCLUSIONS In the experimental seizure model, gastrodin showed anti-seizure and neuroprotective abilities. Enhancing the expression of GABAA receptor plays an important role in its antiepileptic mechanism. The results offer a new insight of developing new antiepileptic drugs from traditional Chinese medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung City, 42743, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Chun Chiu
- Department of Research, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung City, 42743, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chi Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Löscher W, Kaila K. Reply to the commentary by Ben-Ari and Delpire: Bumetanide and neonatal seizures: Fiction versus reality. Epilepsia 2021; 62:941-946. [PMID: 33764535 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this response to a commentary by Ben-Ari and Delpire on our recent study on the pharmacology of neonatal seizures in a novel, physiologically validated rat model of birth asphyxia, we wish to rectify their inaccurate descriptions of our model and data. Furthermore, because Ben-Ari and Delpire suggest that negative data on bumetanide from preclinical and clinical trials of neonatal seizures have few implications for (alleged) bumetanide actions on neurons in other brain disorders, we will discuss this topic as well. Based on the poor brain penetration of bumetanide, combined with the extremely wide cellular expression patterns of the target protein NKCC1, it is obvious that the numerous actions of systemically applied bumetanide described in the literature are not mediated by the drug's effects on central neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Smirnova EY, Sinyak DS, Chizhov AV, Zaitsev AV. Age-Dependent Generation of Epileptiform
Activity
in the 4-Aminopyridine Model with Slices of the Rat Entorhinal Cortex. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
48
|
Paudel YN, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Anti-High Mobility Group Box-1 Monoclonal Antibody Attenuates Seizure-Induced Cognitive Decline by Suppressing Neuroinflammation in an Adult Zebrafish Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:613009. [PMID: 33732146 PMCID: PMC7957017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.613009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease afflicting around 70 million global population and is characterized by persisting predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. The precise understanding of the etiopathology of seizure generation is still elusive, however, brain inflammation is considered as a major contributor to epileptogenesis. HMGB1 protein being an initiator and crucial contributor of inflammation is known to contribute significantly to seizure generation via activating its principal receptors namely RAGE and TLR4 reflecting a potential therapeutic target. Herein, we evaluated an anti-seizure and memory ameliorating potential of an anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, I.P.) in a second hit Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (80 mg/kg, I.P.) induced seizure model earlier stimulated with Pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, I.P.) in adult zebrafish. Pre-treatment with anti-HMGB1 mAb dose-dependently lowered the second hit PTZ-induced seizure but does not alter the disease progression. Moreover, anti-HMGB1 mAb also attenuated the second hit Pentylenetetrazol induced memory impairment in adult zebrafish as evidenced by an increased inflection ration at 3 and 24 h trail in T-maze test. Besides, decreased level of GABA and an upregulated Glutamate level was observed in the second hit PTZ induced group, which was modulated by pre-treatment with anti-HMGB1 mAb. Inflammatory responses occurred during the progression of seizures as evidenced by upregulated mRNA expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, and TNF-α, in a second hit PTZ group, which was in-turn downregulated upon pre-treatment with anti-HMGB1 mAb reflecting its anti-inflammatory potential. Anti-HMGB1 mAb modulates second hit PTZ induced changes in mRNA expression of CREB-1 and NPY. Our findings indicates anti-HMGB1 mAb attenuates second hit PTZ-induced seizures, ameliorates related memory impairment, and downregulates the seizure induced upregulation of inflammatory markers to possibly protect the zebrafish from the incidence of further seizures through via modulation of neuroinflammatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Platform, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Virtanen MA, Uvarov P, Mavrovic M, Poncer JC, Kaila K. The Multifaceted Roles of KCC2 in Cortical Development. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:378-392. [PMID: 33640193 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
KCC2, best known as the neuron-specific chloride-extruder that sets the strength and polarity of GABAergic currents during neuronal maturation, is a multifunctional molecule that can regulate cytoskeletal dynamics via its C-terminal domain (CTD). We describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the multiple functions of KCC2 and its splice variants, ranging from developmental apoptosis and the control of early network events to the formation and plasticity of cortical dendritic spines. The versatility of KCC2 actions at the cellular and subcellular levels is also evident in mature neurons during plasticity, disease, and aging. Thus, KCC2 has emerged as one of the most important molecules that shape the overall neuronal phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari A Virtanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pavel Uvarov
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martina Mavrovic
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean Christophe Poncer
- INSERM, UMRS 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang T, Yu F, Xu H, Chen M, Chen X, Guo L, Zhou C, Xu Y, Wang F, Yu J, Wu B. Dysregulation of REV-ERBα impairs GABAergic function and promotes epileptic seizures in preclinical models. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1216. [PMID: 33619249 PMCID: PMC7900242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To design potentially more effective therapies, we need to further understand the mechanisms underlying epilepsy. Here, we uncover the role of Rev-erbα in circadian regulation of epileptic seizures. We first show up-regulation of REV-ERBα/Rev-erbα in brain tissues from patients with epilepsy and a mouse model. Ablation or pharmacological modulation of Rev-erbα in mice decreases the susceptibility to acute and chronic seizures, and abolishes diurnal rhythmicity in seizure severity, whereas activation of Rev-erbα increases the animal susceptibility. Rev-erbα ablation or antagonism also leads to prolonged spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and elevated frequency in the mouse hippocampus, indicating enhanced GABAergic signaling. We also identify the transporters Slc6a1 and Slc6a11 as regulators of Rev-erbα-mediated clearance of GABA. Mechanistically, Rev-erbα promotes the expressions of Slc6a1 and Slc6a11 through transcriptional repression of E4bp4. Our findings propose Rev-erbα as a regulator of synaptic function at the crosstalk between pathways regulating the circadian clock and epilepsy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Chronic Disease
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/genetics
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology
- GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- GABAergic Neurons/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hippocampus/pathology
- Humans
- Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Kindling, Neurologic/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Seizures/genetics
- Seizures/pathology
- Seizures/physiopathology
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiman Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|