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Sanchez KL, Harrington M, Lee C, Eberhardt JL. Observers of social media discussions about racial discrimination condemn denial but also adopt it. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18246. [PMID: 39107466 PMCID: PMC11303685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sharing experiences with racism (racial discrimination disclosure) has the power to raise awareness of discrimination and spur meaningful conversations about race. Sharing these experiences with racism on social media may prompt a range of responses among users. While previous work investigates how disclosure impacts disclosers and listeners, we extend this research to explore the impact of observing discussions about racial discrimination online-what we call vicarious race talk. In a series of experiments using real social media posts, we show that the initial response to racial discrimination disclosure-whether the response denies or validates the poster's perspective-influences observers' own perceptions and attitudes. Despite observers identifying denial as less supportive than validation, those who observed a denial response showed less responsive attitudes toward the poster/target (Studies 1-3) and less support for discussions about discrimination on social media in general (Studies 2-3). Exploratory findings revealed that those who viewed denial comments also judged the transgressor as less racist, and expressed less support and more denial in their own comments. This suggests that even as observers negatively judge denial, their perceptions of the poster are nonetheless negatively influenced, and this impact extends to devaluing the topic of discrimination broadly. We highlight the context of social media, where racial discrimination disclosure-and how people respond to it-may be particularly consequential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara L Sanchez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, USA.
| | | | - Cinoo Lee
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer L Eberhardt
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA
- Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, 94305, USA
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Lang JC, Peters BJ, Tudder A, Gresham AM, Zoccola PM, Allan NP. Conflicting patterns of cardiovascular reactivity, self-report, and behavior associated with social anxiety during a conversation with a close friend. Psychophysiology 2024:e14629. [PMID: 38886908 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Social anxiety (SA) is characterized by anxious symptomology and fear during social situations, but recent work suggests that SA may not necessarily be associated with negative interpersonal and intrapersonal outcomes in support contexts. The current research investigates the discrepancies between self-perceptions, behavior, and physiological responses associated with SA in social support conversations with close friends. Specifically, we examined the associations between SA and positive and negative affect, perceptions of demands and resources, and responsiveness. Additionally, we used the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat to understand the physiological responses associated with SA. Participants (79.9% White, 9.8% Black or African American, 10.3% Multiple races or other; 78.7% Female), totaling 172 undergraduate friend dyads, completed self-report measures and had physiological responses recorded while they discussed a problem unrelated to the friendship. Trained coders rated responsive behaviors exhibited during the conversation. Results revealed that greater SA was associated with greater negative perceptions of social interactions (greater negative affect, fewer perceived resources, and greater perceived demands). However, cardiovascular reactivity and behavioral responses within the conversation, as well as perceptions of partners' behavior after the conversation, contrasted with these negative perceptions. Indeed, greater SA was associated with greater sympathetic arousal (indicative of greater task engagement), but not with greater challenge or threat, and SA was not associated with perceived partner responsiveness or responsive behaviors. These results add to the growing body of research that suggests people with greater SA show inconsistencies between their conscious appraisals of social situations and their physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Lang
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Brett J Peters
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley Tudder
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Peggy M Zoccola
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas P Allan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Meuleman EM, Karremans JC, van Ee E. Stronger together: the longitudinal relations between partner responsiveness, dyadic coping and PTSD recovery. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2358682. [PMID: 38836379 PMCID: PMC11155418 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2358682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Past research has primarily focused on negative associations between PTSD and relationships. Therefore, this investigation delves into the potential positive role of these relational aspects in aiding PTSD recovery during treatment.Objective: This study aimed to examine the impact of dyadic coping and perceived partner responsiveness on treatment trajectories of PTSD patients.Method: The study included 90 participants, who were requested to complete online questionnaires twice, with a six-month gap between the measures.Results: The results from linear regression analyses indicated that perceived partner responsiveness had a positive effect on PTSD recovery, whereas dyadic coping had the opposite effect: higher levels of dyadic coping were associated with an increase in posttraumatic stress symptoms over time. Additional examination of the subscales indicated that heightened communication between clients and partners regarding stress was related with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms.Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance and complexity of effective and supportive communication between patients with PTSD and their partners. While existing literature supports both perceived partner responsiveness and dyadic coping as beneficial, this study indicates that only perceived partner responsiveness positively impacted PTSD recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline M. Meuleman
- Psychotraumacentrum Zuid-Nederland, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Johan C. Karremans
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa van Ee
- Psychotraumacentrum Zuid-Nederland, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Khan K, e-Habiba U, Aziz S, Sabeen Z, Zeeshan A, Naz Z, Waseem M. Remote work arrangement: a blessing in disguise for socially anxious individuals. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1152499. [PMID: 38826187 PMCID: PMC11140483 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1152499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This research examines the link between social anxiety disorder (SAD), psychological distance (PD), and burnout using survey data from 463 software development workers who are currently working remotely. According to the results of the study, SAD was associated with higher PD, but, in contrast to what had been shown in earlier studies, this higher PD had no effect on the participants' reported levels of burnout. Both psychological safety and workplace attachment orientation (WAO) were tested for their moderating effects in this study. According to the study's findings, the link between SAD and PD was moderated by WAO but not by psychological safety. The findings of this study underscore the importance of conducting additional research on the challenges faced by people with social anxiety in the workplace and the steps that can be taken by employers to better accommodate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Khan
- Department of Business Administration, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umm e-Habiba
- Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahab Aziz
- Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center (IRC) for Finance and Digital Economy, KFUPM Business School, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zara Sabeen
- Department of Islamic Art and Architecture, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Zeeshan
- Department of Management Studies, Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zareen Naz
- Department of Management Studies, Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Business Administration, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Yin Y, Jia N, Wakslak CJ. AI can help people feel heard, but an AI label diminishes this impact. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319112121. [PMID: 38551835 PMCID: PMC10998586 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
People want to "feel heard" to perceive that they are understood, validated, and valued. Can AI serve the deeply human function of making others feel heard? Our research addresses two fundamental issues: Can AI generate responses that make human recipients feel heard, and how do human recipients react when they believe the response comes from AI? We conducted an experiment and a follow-up study to disentangle the effects of actual source of a message and the presumed source. We found that AI-generated messages made recipients feel more heard than human-generated messages and that AI was better at detecting emotions. However, recipients felt less heard when they realized that a message came from AI (vs. human). Finally, in a follow-up study where the responses were rated by third-party raters, we found that compared with humans, AI demonstrated superior discipline in offering emotional support, a crucial element in making individuals feel heard, while avoiding excessive practical suggestions, which may be less effective in achieving this goal. Our research underscores the potential and limitations of AI in meeting human psychological needs. These findings suggest that while AI demonstrates enhanced capabilities to provide emotional support, the devaluation of AI responses poses a key challenge for effectively leveraging AI's capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Yin
- Lloyd Greif Center for Entrepreneurial Studies, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Management and Organization, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Cheryl J. Wakslak
- Department of Management and Organization, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
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Rafaeli E, Rafaeli AK. Needs, Modes, and Stances: Three Cardinal Questions for Psychotherapy Practice and Training. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2024; 6:e12753. [PMID: 39118654 PMCID: PMC11303924 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in motivational science (Dweck, 2017), personality dynamics (Lazarus & Rafaeli, 2023), and process-based psychotherapy (Hofmann & Hayes, 2019) converge into a pragmatic, integrative, and transtheoretical model of practice and training. Method The model comprises three elements: a formulation centered on clients' psychological needs which provides guidance regarding the goals and processes most profitable to pursue; a recognition that such pursuit frequently requires contending with a multiplicity of clients' internal self-states (i.e., modes); and an enumeration of pragmatic therapeutic stances likely to help address clients' need-related goals in light of their modes. Results We distill these elements into three cardinal questions: What needs does this client have that are not currently met, and what are the most profitable ways of remedying that frustration? What mode or modes does this client manifest - both generally and at this very moment? and What stance should I adopt in response to the client's current mode? We suggest that clinicians should be trained to continually pose these questions and seek to answer them collaboratively with their clients. Conclusion This model - illustrated here using schema therapy terms - offers a process-based approach which serves as a theoretically integrative starting point but is general enough to provide an assimilative integration roadmap for therapists anchored in most primary orientations. Integrative or assimilative therapists trained to attend to needs, modes, and stances are likely to be (and be perceived as) particularly responsive, and thus, to enact "common factor" practices known to be conducive to therapeutic alliance and gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshkol Rafaeli
- Department of Psychology and Gonda Center for Neuroscience, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Tosyali F, Harma M. Interaction between varying social ties on health: Perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 59:192-202. [PMID: 37964639 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between different forms of social relationships, that is, perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust, on subjective health evaluations was examined for the first time. There were 1241 respondents who had a romantic relationship. After adjusting for the covariates, findings suggested that greater perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust led respondents to report better subjective health. The positive link between perceived partner responsiveness and subjective health was more pronounced among the respondents reporting a lower level of institutional trust. Such an interaction could be an indicator pointing out the compensatory role of close relationship dynamics. Given that finding, public health authorities and practitioners could be encouraged to be aware of the adaptive function of social ties on health and focus on maintaining the strength of intimate social ties and building trust between authority gradients. This suggestion could especially be adaptive not only during "normal" times but also during post-disaster circumstances (e.g., COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Tosyali
- Department of Psychology, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Harma
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
- Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yang K, Kwon S, Jang D. Adolescent Athletes' Self-Presentations on Social Media and Their Self-Esteem as Moderated by Their Perceptions of Responsiveness by Others. Percept Mot Skills 2024; 131:17-38. [PMID: 38011146 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231216020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Social media has been an increasingly utilized communication tool, and it has gained popularity among adolescent athletes. Our aim here was to investigate whether a positive and honest self-presentation on social media increased adolescent athletes' self-esteem, and we examined the moderating effect of perceived responsiveness. After receiving informed consent of participants and their parents/legal guardians, we recruited 468 adolescent athletes/participants (244 males, 224 females; Mage = 15.39 years, SD = 1.61) through purposive sampling and engaged them in completing face-to-face or online self-report measures of their: (a) self-presentation on social media, (b) perceived responsiveness of others, and (c) Rosenberg self-esteem scales. Given the continuous nature of our moderating variable (i.e., perceived responsiveness), we conducted regression analysis using Hayes's PROCESS macro in SPSS software. A positive self-presentation showed no significant relationship with self-esteem, except when the level of perceived responsiveness was high. Conversely, an honest self-presentation was positively related to higher self-esteem, and the relationship between honest self-presentation and self-esteem was moderated by perceived responsiveness. Our findings extend existing psychological theory into the online environment and have practical implications. These data highlight the link between social media self-presentation and self-esteem among adolescent athletes and illustrate the crucial role of perceived responsiveness in the social media context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjin Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Sungho Kwon
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Dojin Jang
- BK21 Four: Training Program for Global Leaders in Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Shulman S, Yonatan-Leus R. The long arm of rejection sensitivity and young adults' romantic relationships: An extension and a replication. J Adolesc 2024; 96:167-176. [PMID: 37882221 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In an earlier study, we followed adolescents from age 16 to 23, examining the effect of rejection sensitivity (RS) on the quality of future romantic relationships. Findings showed that RS decreased over time, and the decrease associated with a higher quality of future romantic relationships. In contrast, the effect of the earlier level of RS on the quality of future romantic relationships was minor. METHODS Extending the earlier study, these 101 Israeli young adults (69 females, mean age = 22.79) were followed again from age 23 to 28. At age 28, the level of RS was assessed again. In addition, participants reported about the quality of their current or most recent romantic relationship. RESULTS Contrary to the earlier study, findings of the current study show that the earlier higher level of RS at age 23 was associated with a higher likelihood of maintaining distance and self concealing from one's partner, feeling less certain, and reporting greater tension in future relationships. In contrast, the effect of change in RS between ages 23 and 28 on future relationships was minimal. CONCLUSIONS Integrating the findings of the current and earlier studies underscores the role of earlier RS and its change over time during different developmental periods. RS decreases during the transition from adolescence to adulthood, and this decrease associates with a future higher quality of romantic relationships. In contrast, during the latter 20s RS stabilizes, and therefore, its earlier level associates with future romantic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Shulman
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychology, College of Management, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
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10
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Refoua E, Rafaeli E. Responsive support: A matter of psychological need fulfillment. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 54:101691. [PMID: 37931490 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Skillful responsive support facilitates coping with stressors and overcoming challenges. We posit that support responsiveness is best understood through the prism of psychological need fulfillment and as varying along two dimensions. The horizontal dimension speaks to the specificity and breadth of support (i.e., which needs, and how many, are addressed by it, respectively). The vertical dimension speaks to the degree to which support is enacted, or perceived to be enacted, in ways that touch on self-coherence needs for meaning and identity, needs tied most strongly to recipients' core selves. Empathic identification of psychological needs and of their deeper structure, often achieved through good listening, is argued to be the key for effective responsive support.
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Helgeson VS, Horner FS, Reis HT, Niezink NMD, Libman I. Support and Conflict Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Focus on Friends. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:940-951. [PMID: 37740947 PMCID: PMC10653353 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the study was to examine the relations of general and diabetes-specific friend support and conflict to psychological and diabetes health among youth with type 1 diabetes. We examined gender as a moderator of these relations, and friend responsiveness and information-sharing as potential mediators. METHODS Youth with type 1 diabetes (n = 167; M age 15.83 [SD = 0.78]; 50% female) were interviewed once in the Fall and once in the following Spring of the school year. Using multiple regression analysis, general friend support, general friend conflict, diabetes-specific support, and diabetes-specific conflict were investigated as simultaneous predictors of psychological and diabetes outcomes cross-sectionally and longitudinally over four months. RESULTS Cross-sectionally friend conflict, including both general and diabetes-specific, was more predictive of outcomes than friend support. In cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, gender was a significant moderator, such that several relations of general friend conflict to outcomes were significant for females but not nonfemales. Friend support revealed mixed relations to outcomes across cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Although we found links of friend relationship variables to mediators (perceived responsiveness; information sharing), we found little evidence of mediation. CONCLUSIONS These findings show stronger evidence that conflictual friend relationships than supportive friend relationships are linked to health. Findings suggest that problematic friend relationships may have a stronger impact on the health of females than nonfemales. These results underscore the need to better understand the conditions under which friend support is helpful versus harmful and the reasons underlying these links.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona S Horner
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
| | | | - Nynke M D Niezink
- Department of Data Science and Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
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Shelton JN, Turetsky KM, Park Y. Responsiveness in interracial interactions. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101653. [PMID: 37499533 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Perceived responsiveness-feeling understood, validated, and cared for-is critical for wellbeing and successful relationships, yet these feelings are experienced less frequently in interracial interactions than in same race-interactions. In this article, we synthesize recent research on responsiveness in interracial interactions and relationships. We first highlight how responsiveness differs in interracial versus same-race contexts. We next discuss the role of cross-race partners' goals and motivations in responsiveness, with particular attention to the ways in which self-presentation goals undermine responsiveness as well as emerging research on goals and motivations that may facilitate responsiveness in interracial interactions. Finally, we discuss how a contextual factor, the salience of race, influences responsiveness in interracial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nicole Shelton
- Princeton University, Psychology Department, 520 Peretsman Scully Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - Kate M Turetsky
- Barnard College, Columbia University, Psychology Department, 415 Milbank Hall, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yeji Park
- Princeton University, Psychology Department, 520 Peretsman Scully Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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Arican-Dinc B, Gable SL. Responsiveness in romantic partners' interactions. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101652. [PMID: 37515977 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Close relationships, such as romantic partner dyads, involve numerous social exchanges in myriad contexts. During these exchanges, when one of the interaction partners discloses information, the other partner typically communicates a response. The discloser then evaluates the extent to which that response conveys that the responder understood their thoughts, goals, and needs, validated their position, and cared for their well-being. The degree to which the discloser believes that the partner showed this understanding, validation, and caring to the disclosure is known as perceived responsiveness. Perceived responsiveness has long been viewed as a fundamental construct in the development and maintenance of intimacy in romantic relationships. Perceived responsiveness is a common currency that lies at the heart of interactions across multiple contexts, such as social support, gratitude, and capitalization interactions. Being a responsive interaction partner starts with understanding what the other is conveying and how they are viewing the information. Thus, a critical step in the ability to convey responsiveness to a partner is listening. While listening is the first step and indicator of the listening motivation of a responder, a responder must also have the ability and motivation to convey their understanding, validation, and caring to the discloser.
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14
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Coy AE, Rodriguez LM. Affection preference, enactment, and relationship satisfaction: A dyadic analysis of love languages. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2023; 49:741-761. [PMID: 37431256 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite its popularity, The Five Love Languages relationship self-help book has received little empirical investigation. This may result in a disconnect between clinicians and clients with preconceived notions based on the book. The current research sought to evaluate love languages through the lens of responsiveness by examining if an accurate or biased understanding of partner preferences for different modes of affection were associated with enacted affectionate behavior, the perception of partner behavior, and relationship satisfaction. The results from a sample of 84 couples indicated that individuals tend to have a biased understanding of partner preferences and these biases influenced expressions of affection. In addition, accurately understanding partner preferences was associated with greater relationship satisfaction. The findings suggest that helping clients understand both their own and their partner's preferences for expressions of affection, may reduce bias and lead to more partner-preferred expressions of affection and, ultimately, greater relationship satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Coy
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Sarasota, Florida, USA
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15
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Pauw LS. Support provision in a digitalized world: The consequences of social sharing across different communication channels. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101597. [PMID: 37329648 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
People tend to share their emotional experiences with others, with sharing increasingly done online. This raises questions about the quality of computer-mediated vs. face-to-face sharing. The present review (1) outlines conditions for sharing to improve emotional and relational well-being, (2) discusses when computer-mediated sharing with other people may (not) be conducive to these conditions, and (3) reviews recent research on the effectiveness of computer-mediated sharing with humans and virtual agents. It is concluded that the emotional and relational consequences of sharing are dependent on the responsiveness of the listener, regardless of the communication channel. Differences exist, however, in the extent to which channels are conducive to various forms of responding, with implications for speakers' emotional and relational well-being.
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16
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Lemay EP, Le BM, Clark MS. Listening and the pursuit of communal relationships. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101611. [PMID: 37354571 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Two motivations linked to developing and maintaining communal relationships include caring for others' welfare and striving to be viewed as a desirable communal relationship partner. We review evidence suggesting that both motivations promote high-quality listening. Furthermore, high-quality listening signals listeners' prosocial motivation and enhances the perceived relational value of both listeners and speakers. Thus, high-quality listening likely functions as an effective strategy in the formation and maintenance of communal relationships. This review suggests several directions for future research, including longitudinal research on the role of listening in relationship development, accuracy and bias in detecting and interpreting listening, the influence of conversation topic on listening, the role of people's beliefs about the usefulness of listening, and individual and relationship factors that determine people's motivations for listening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Lemay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Bonnie M Le
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Margaret S Clark
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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17
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Selcuk E, Gunaydin G. Responsiveness in cultural-ecological context. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101610. [PMID: 37352794 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical and empirical research on responsiveness focused mostly on cultural ecologies of independence. Emerging studies suggest that the responsiveness process may unfold differently in cultural ecologies of interdependence. We organize these studies into a working conceptual model. The model argues that two mechanisms-expectations of culturally normative relationship behaviors and relative centrality of relationships-carry the influence of cultural ecology on responsiveness. Together, these mechanisms explain variation in (a) self-expressive behaviors thought to elicit responsiveness, (b) associations between partner behaviors and perceived responsiveness, and (c) associations between perceived responsiveness and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Selcuk
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gul Gunaydin
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Meuleman E, Sloover M, van Ee E. Involving a Significant Other in Treatment of Patients With PTSD Symptoms: A Systematic Review of Treatment Interventions. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2034-2044. [PMID: 35389279 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221082939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have called for the inclusion of social support in the treatment of PTSD. The current review identifies interventions for adults with PTSD symptoms, which include a significant other as a source of social support. 11 articles focusing on eight interventions were found, including a total of 495 participants who had experienced trauma. These interventions were divided according to level of involvement of the significant other in treatment. Significant others were either passively or actively involved in the treatment. Preliminary results show that interventions actively involving a significant other in the treatment of the patient with posttraumatic stress symptoms were most effective in reducing PTSD symptoms. The current review provides recommendations for future research and suggests that significant others should be actively involved in the treatment of PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Meuleman
- Psychotraumacentrum Zuid Nederland, Reinier van Arkel, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Mèlanie Sloover
- Psychotraumacentrum Zuid Nederland, Reinier van Arkel, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa van Ee
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Li P, Chen WW, Zhang LR. The Moderating Role of Perceived Partner Responsiveness Between Implicit Theories of Relationships and Romantic Relationship Satisfaction. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231165238. [PMID: 36935546 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231165238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Whether people believe their romantic relationship quality can be improved or not could largely influence the relationship consequences. However, relatively fewer studies have focused on the potential factors that account for the association between such beliefs and romantic relationship satisfaction (RS). In the current research, we aimed to investigate the relation between implicit theories of relationships (ITRs) and RS and the potential moderating role of perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) in such relation. An online survey was administered to 300 Chinese young adults (aged 18-35) who were currently in romantic relationships, measuring their implicit beliefs about romantic relationships, PPR, and RS. Results indicated that (a) growth beliefs of ITRs and PPR were positively associated with RS, respectively; (b) destiny beliefs of ITRs were not significantly associated with RS; and (c) PPR moderated the relation between growth beliefs of ITRs and RS. Growth beliefs were significantly positively correlated with RS in lower PPR conditions but not in higher PPR conditions. We further discussed the theoretical and practical implications of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Li
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
| | - Wei-Wen Chen
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
| | - Lu Ran Zhang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
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20
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Lee TH, Ng TK. Stress communication, communication satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction: an actor-partner interdependence mediation model. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36717372 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2023.2171848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Past research has revealed positive effects of stress communication by oneself and by the partner on relationship satisfaction. However, the mechanisms through which stress communication by oneself and by the partner influence relationship satisfaction have not been well studied. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of one's own and the partner's stress communication on relationship satisfaction and the mediating roles of one's own and the partner's communication satisfaction in these associations. A total of 227 unmarried heterosexual couples were recruited. An actor-partner interdependence mediation model was used to examine the hypothesized relationships. The results showed that the actor effects of stress communication on relationship satisfaction were mediated by the actor effects of communication satisfaction. Moreover, the indirect effect of male stress communication on female relationship satisfaction through female communication satisfaction was found to be significant. These findings provide insights into the mechanism through which stress communication influences relationship satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Kin Ng
- Department of Psychology, Lingnan University
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21
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Ruggs EN, Marshburn CK, Summerville KM, Grenier K. The Struggle Is Real: Employee Reactions to Indirect Trauma from Anti-Black Policing. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 38:25-44. [PMID: 35702385 PMCID: PMC9184814 DOI: 10.1007/s10869-022-09823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite increased media coverage of police using lethal force against Black civilians, little research aims to understand how such events affect employees, particularly Black employees, at work. We draw on spillover-transferring emotions and/or behaviors from one domain to another-to examine how collective, indirect trauma, or trauma experienced by a large group of people not directly involved in an event, affected employees at work. Across two studies, we investigated Black and White employees' differential cognitive (Study 1), emotional, and interpersonal reactions (Studies 1 & 2) to hearing about police officers' use of lethal force against Black civilians (i.e., collective, indirect racial trauma). Results from a survey with open- and close-ended questions (Study 1) supported our predictions that Black (vs. White) employees would be more upset about police shootings and would think about, talk about, and be more distracted by these incidents while at work. Open-ended responses revealed social support, seeking advice and comfort from our social networks, as a strategy Black and White employees may use to cope with collective, indirect racial trauma at work. Importantly, support communicating mutual understanding-or shared perspective-was particularly important for Black employees. An experiment (Study 2) further probed the emotional and relational consequences of interactions with coworkers and, counter to predictions, found coworkers who expressed pro-police attitudes (i.e., not communicating mutual understanding) in the aftermath of a racially biased shooting were negatively evaluated by Black and White employees. Our findings provide implications for research on spillover and understanding coworker/team dynamics in organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica N. Ruggs
- Department of Management and Leadership, University of Houston, 4750 Calhoun Rd, TX TX 77204 Houston, USA
| | | | | | - Kelcie Grenier
- Organizational Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC USA
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22
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Wendołowska A, Czyżowska N, Czyżowska D. The Role of Attachment and Dyadic Coping in Shaping Relational Intimacy: Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16211. [PMID: 36498285 PMCID: PMC9738089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
People's attachment styles play a fundamental role in shaping their intimate relationships. Anxiously attached individuals have a strong need for closeness but a poor ability to obtain the closeness they seek. In contrast, people high in avoidance tend to avoid intimacy in close relationships. Dyadic coping can strengthen the bond between partners, and develop empathy, commitment, sensitivity, and responsiveness to the partner's needs, which may be the basis of shaping intimacy and closeness. The effects of attachment on relational intimacy were examined, using the actor-partner interdependence model and data from 144 heterosexual couples, aged 26 to 60. Both partners completed measures of attachment, intimacy as a relationship satisfaction dimension, and dyadic coping. The results showed that men's attachment-related avoidance is related to their own intimacy; also, the avoidant attachment of both spouses is related to each other's intimacy. The effect of having children on intimacy was significant for men; the effect of financial situation on intimacy was significant for women. Moreover, problem-focused common dyadic coping appeared to have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between attachment-related avoidance and intimacy. Adult attachment and dyadic coping significantly contributed to partners' relational intimacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wendołowska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Czyżowska
- Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Kraków, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Czyżowska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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23
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Passarelli AM, Trinh MP, Van Oosten EB, Varley A. Communication quality and relational self‐expansion: The path to leadership coaching effectiveness. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Passarelli
- Department of Management and Marketing College of Charleston Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Mai P. Trinh
- Department of Leadership & Interdisciplinary Studies Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Ellen B. Van Oosten
- Department of Organizational Behavior Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Amanda Varley
- Department of Organizational Behavior Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
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24
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Pauw LS, Medland H, Paling SJ, Moeck EK, Greenaway KH, Kalokerinos EK, Hinton JDX, Hollenstein T, Koval P. Social Support Predicts Differential Use, but not Differential Effectiveness, of Expressive Suppression and Social Sharing in Daily Life. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:641-652. [PMID: 36381495 PMCID: PMC9537407 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED While emotion regulation often happens in the presence of others, little is known about how social context shapes regulatory efforts and outcomes. One key element of the social context is social support. In two experience sampling studies (Ns = 179 and 123), we examined how the use and affective consequences of two fundamentally social emotion-regulation strategies-social sharing and expressive suppression-vary as a function of perceived social support. Across both studies, we found evidence that social support was associated with variation in people's use of these strategies, such that when people perceived their environments as being higher (vs. lower) in social support, they engaged in more sharing and less suppression. However, we found only limited and inconsistent support for context-dependent affective outcomes of suppression and sharing: suppression was associated with better affective consequences in the context of higher perceived social support in Study 1, but this effect did not replicate in Study 2. Taken together, these findings suggest that the use of social emotion-regulation strategies may depend on contextual variability in social support, whereas their effectiveness does not. Future research is needed to better understand the circumstances in which context-dependent use of emotion regulation may have emotional benefits, accounting for personal, situational, and cultural factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-022-00123-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne S. Pauw
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hayley Medland
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Paling
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ella K. Moeck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katharine H. Greenaway
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elise K. Kalokerinos
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jordan D. X. Hinton
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Tom Hollenstein
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Peter Koval
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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The avatar will see you now: Support from a virtual human provides socio-emotional benefits. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Murphy BA, Lilienfeld SO, Algoe SB. Why we Should Reject the Restrictive Isomorphic Matching Definition of Empathy. EMOTION REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17540739221082215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A growing cadre of influential scholars has converged on a circumscribed definition of empathy as restricted only to feeling the same emotion that one perceives another is feeling. We argue that this restrictive isomorphic matching (RIM) definition is deeply problematic because (1) it deviates dramatically from traditional conceptualizations of empathy and unmoors the construct from generations of scientific research and clinical practice; (2) insistence on an isomorphic form undercuts much of the functional value of empathy from multiple perspectives of analysis; and (3) combining the opposing concepts of isomorphic matching and self-other awareness implicitly requires motivational content, causing the RIM definition to implicitly require the kind of non-matching emotional content that it explicitly seeks to exclude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A. Murphy
- Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Sara B. Algoe
- Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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27
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Reitz AK, Weidmann R, Wünsche J, Bühler JL, Burriss RP, Grob A. In good times and in bad: A longitudinal analysis of the impact of bereavement on self-esteem and life satisfaction in couples. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211054896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of bereavement on self-esteem and life satisfaction in both partners of a romantic couple. We investigate the moderating effects of the type of the lost relationship (close family, close friends/others) and romantic relationship characteristics (daily social support, responsiveness-closeness, self-disclosure). We examined 1238 individuals in 619 male–female couples from the ages 18 to 81 ( M [ SD] = 31.97 years [13.26]). Both partners completed questionnaires at two assessments that were 20 months ( SD = 2.02 months) apart, in between which n = 216 individuals were bereaved. Actor–partner interdependence models showed that bereavement did not predict later self-esteem or life satisfaction in either of the partners. The relationship characteristics and the type of lost relationship did not moderate the effects. The subjective meaning and distress of the loss predicted later self-esteem and life satisfaction. The self-esteem increase was larger for bereaved with a positive/neutral than for bereaved with a negative meaning of the bereavement. We found a partner effect on self-esteem for the group of bereaved who reported a negative meaning of the bereavement. The findings demonstrate that bereavement can impact romantic partners' self-esteem and that the subjective experience of bereavement helps understand individual differences in the effect of bereavement on self-esteem and life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebekka Weidmann
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Janina L. Bühler
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Seeds of doubt: How the source of mentorship initiation influences mentoring expectations. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Yilmaz C, Selcuk E, Gunaydin G, Cingöz-Ulu B, Filiztekin A, Kent O. You Mean the World to Me: The Role of Residential Mobility in Centrality of Romantic Relationships. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506211061017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrating the suffocation model of marriage with research on residential mobility, the current studies examined for the first time whether long-term romantic relationships are more central for residentially mobile (vs. stable) individuals (total N across three studies = 5,366; age range = 18–95). In Study 1, individuals who moved away from their place of birth (vs. not) were more likely to first confide in their spouse over other network members on important matters. In Study 2, history of frequent residential moves was associated with greater importance ascribed to romantic partners in the attachment hierarchy. In Study 3, the slope of perceived partner responsiveness predicting eudaimonic well-being got steeper as residential mobility increased. By showing the role of residential mobility in romantic relationships, our findings highlight the importance of studying socioecological factors to gain a deeper understanding of how relationship processes unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oya Kent
- Istanbul Okan University, Turkey
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30
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Wang C, Cavanagh AJ, Bauer M, Reeves PM, Gill JC, Chen X, Hanauer DI, Graham MJ. A Framework of College Student Buy-in to Evidence-Based Teaching Practices in STEM: The Roles of Trust and Growth Mindset. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2021; 20:ar54. [PMID: 34546099 PMCID: PMC8715782 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.20-08-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-based teaching practices (EBPs) foster college science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students' engagement and performance, yet our knowledge of what contributes to the effectiveness of these practices is less established. We propose a framework that links four social-cognitive variables-students' trust in their instructors, growth mindset, buy-in to instructional practices, and course engagement-to long-standing desired student outcomes of academic performance and intent to persist in science. This framework was tested in classrooms identified as having a high level of EBP implementation with a multi-institutional sample of 2102 undergraduates taught by 14 faculty members. Results indicate that the buy-in framework is a valid representation of college students' learning experiences within EBP contexts overall as well as across underrepresented student groups. In comparison to students' level of growth mindset, students' trust in their instructors was more than twice as predictive of buy-in to how the course was being taught, suggesting that students' views of their instructors are more associated with thriving in a high-EBP course environment than their views of intelligence. This study contributes to the dialogue on transforming undergraduate STEM education by providing a validated student buy-in framework as a lens to understand how EBPs enhance student outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- STEM Program Evaluation & Research Lab (STEM-PERL), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06420
| | | | - Melanie Bauer
- STEM Program Evaluation & Research Lab (STEM-PERL), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06420
| | - Philip M. Reeves
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Julia C. Gill
- STEM Program Evaluation & Research Lab (STEM-PERL), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06420
| | - Xinnian Chen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - David I. Hanauer
- Department of English, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705
| | - Mark J. Graham
- STEM Program Evaluation & Research Lab (STEM-PERL), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06420
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31
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Kanter JW, Nash MG, Kuczynski A, Rosen DC. A Brief, Mobile Intervention to Decrease Depression and Loneliness and Improve Relationship Quality During the Covid-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2021.40.5.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Effective, scalable interventions to address depression and loneliness and improve the quality of social relationships are needed for public health in pandemic and non-pandemic contexts. Towards this end, a randomized, controlled trial tested a mobile-based intervention, derived from social psychological and relationship science, for improving relational well-being and decreasing depression and loneliness. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to either intervention (n = 719) or assessment only (n = 701) conditions and completed daily diary surveys for 28 days in the midst of the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the middle 14 days of the study, intervention participants received daily text-message suggestions for improving relational and mental well-being. Results: Results indicated that the intervention decreased depression and loneliness and improved relationships during the intervention period but these changes were not sustained when the intervention ceased. Discussion: Results are encouraging in that evidence-based suggestions can be scaled effectively but additional efforts are required to sustain improvements over time.
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32
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Richter M, Schoebi D. Rejection Sensitivity in Intimate Relationships. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. The goal of the study was to investigate whether and how perceptions of rejection are predictive of perceptions of the partner’s responsiveness, and the intimacy felt with a romantic partner, daily. Moreover, we examined whether people who are more anxious and sensitive to rejection perceived more rejection in daily life and whether this foreshadowed perception of the partner to be less responsive. Analyses of daily data from a sample of 75 couples ( N = 150) who reported on their daily relational experiences suggest that rejection sensitivity and rejection experiences play a significant role in couples’ felt intimacy in daily life, and specifically for perceptions of responsiveness. Results also indicate that for women, rejection sensitivity is associated with more rejection experiences. We discuss the current results from a clinical and from a social psychological perspective, and we highlight how anxious apprehension and experience of rejection, and its interpersonal consequences, can be further considered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Schoebi
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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33
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Wu DC, Kim HS, Collins NL. Perceived responsiveness across cultures: The role of cultural fit in social support use. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delancey C. Wu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Heejung S. Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Nancy L. Collins
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
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34
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Marshburn CK, Campos B. Seeking Just Us: A Mixed Methods Investigation of Racism-Specific Support Among Black College Students. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00957984211034961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Social support is theorized to protect health against the negative effects of stress. However, findings are mixed regarding whether social support protects Black people’s psychological well-being against racism. The current mixed methods study examined racism-specific support (RSS)—social support in response to racism—in same- (Black/Black) and cross-race (Black/non-Black) friendships. We investigated whether 31 Black college students ( M age = 19.7, SD = 1.70; 74% women) had (1) racial preferences (same-vs. cross-race) for whom they sought RSS, and (2) whether perceptions of RSS’s helpfulness differed when provided by cross-race friends. Participants completed measures of emotional closeness to same- and cross-race friends and participated in focus group interviews discussing racism and RSS. Results found participants reported more emotional closeness to Black friends and non-Black friends of color relative to White friends. As predicted, 65% of participants preferred RSS from Black (vs. non-Black) friends. Participants’ qualitative responses ( n = 21–24) revealed Black (vs. non-Black) friends were perceived to better understand racism. These findings suggest RSS from Black friends, specifically, might benefit Black college students’ psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belinda Campos
- Department of Chicano/Latino Studies, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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35
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Koike M, Loughnan S. Virtual relationships: Anthropomorphism in the digital age. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Koike
- Department of Psychology Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Steve Loughnan
- Department of Psychology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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36
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Rothman AJ, Simpson JA, Huelsnitz CO, Jones RE, Scholz U. Integrating intrapersonal and interpersonal processes: a key step in advancing the science of behavior change. Health Psychol Rev 2021; 14:182-187. [PMID: 31959071 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1719183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffry A Simpson
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chloe O Huelsnitz
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachael E Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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37
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Zakaras JM, Sarkar U, Bibbins-Domingo K, Mangurian CV. Not Just Surviving, But Thriving: Overcoming Barriers to Career Advancement for Women Junior Faculty Clinician-Researchers. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:180-184. [PMID: 33174107 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although women attend medical school and residency at similar rates to men, they experience lower levels of academic career advancement than men. To inform national gender equity efforts, the authors conducted a qualitative study to explore potential gender differences in the career experiences of junior research faculty at a premier research institution. METHODS Focus group discussions were conducted among women and men junior research faculty at the School of Medicine at an urban public research university. Participants were early mentored career development award recipients (K-awardees). Two same-gender focus groups of nine women and six men were conducted. Discussions focused on two domains: barriers to maintaining a research career and facilitators for research career development. Data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti and content analysis methods. RESULTS Both women and men identified a challenging funding environment, difficulty bridging the salary gap, and lack of institutional support as barriers to maintaining their research careers. Women perceived two primary barriers to their career advancement that were different from their male counterparts: They were more likely to feel undervalued at the institution and to experience significant strains related to both childbearing and childcare. Women also reported receiving inadequate mentorship, having poor negotiation skills, and experiencing a lack of negotiation opportunities. CONCLUSIONS Academic research institutions should consider interventions that provide financial, emotional, and practical support to women research faculty, particularly during their childbearing and childrearing years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urmimala Sarkar
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Pauw LS, Hoogeveen S, Breitenstein CJ, Meier F, Rauch-Anderegg V, Neysari M, Martin M, Bodenmann G, Milek A. Spillover Effects When Taking Turns in Dyadic Coping: How Lingering Negative Affect and Perceived Partner Responsiveness Shape Subsequent Support Provision. Front Psychol 2021; 12:637534. [PMID: 33746855 PMCID: PMC7970130 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When experiencing personal distress, people usually expect their romantic partner to be supportive. However, when put in a situation to provide support, people may at times (still) be struggling with issues of their own. This interdependent nature of dyadic coping interactions as well as potential spillover effects is mirrored in the state-of-the-art research method to behaviorally assess couple's dyadic coping processes. This paradigm typically includes two videotaped 8-min dyadic coping conversations in which partners swap roles as sharer and support provider. Little is known about how such dyadic coping interactions may feed back into one another, impacting the motivation and ability to be a responsive support provider. In three behavioral studies, we examined how sharers' experiences may spill over to affect their own support provision in a subsequent dyadic coping interaction. We hypothesized that the extent to which sharers perceive their partner as responsive to their self-disclosure increases the quality of their own subsequent support provision (Hypothesis 1), whereas sharers' lingering negative affect reduces the quality of their own subsequent support provision (Hypothesis 2). In line with our first hypothesis, perceived partner responsiveness predicted the provision of higher-quality support, though primarily as perceived by the partner. Sharers who perceived their partner to have been more responsive were somewhat more likely to subsequently engage in positive dyadic coping and were rated as more responsive by their partners. Negative dyadic coping behavior was unaffected. Evidence for our second hypothesis was mixed. While lingering negative affect did not affect positive dyadic coping behavior or perceived support, it did increase the chances of negative dyadic coping behavior. However, given the very low occurrences of negative affect and negative dyadic coping, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Taken together, these findings suggest that support interactions may feed back into one another, highlighting the complex and interdependent nature of dyadic coping. The strongest and most consistent findings concerned the spillover effect of perceived partner responsiveness on subsequent perceived support quality, speaking to the key role of believing that one's partner is responsive to one's needs in promoting healthy relationship functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne S Pauw
- Couple and Family Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Münster University, Münster, Germany
| | - Suzanne Hoogeveen
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christina J Breitenstein
- Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Meier
- Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Rauch-Anderegg
- Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mona Neysari
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mike Martin
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Milek
- Couple and Family Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Münster University, Münster, Germany
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Rouquette OY, Knight CJ, Lovett VE, Barrell D, Heuzé JP. The positive association between perceived parental responsiveness and self-esteem, anxiety, and thriving among youth rugby players: A multigroup analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1537-1547. [PMID: 33605193 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1883311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between young players' perception of mother's and father's responsiveness with their self-esteem, anxiety (i.e., worry), and thriving (i.e., positive affect, vitality, and life satisfaction). In total, 314 male British rugby players with a mean age of 16.23 years (SD = 0.26) completed the study in two phases: n = 124 (first dataset), and n = 192 (second dataset). Participants trained on average 3.14 times/week (SD = 0.94) and had been involved in rugby for an average of 8.21 years (SD = 2.89). Participants completed questionnaires measuring perceived parental responsiveness (PPR) for their mother and father, self-esteem, worry about sport performance, and thriving indicators (i.e., positive affect, vitality, and life satisfaction). The results consistently indicated that participants' perceptions of their mother's and father's responsiveness positively related to thriving, and negatively related to their worry about sport performance, mediated by their self-esteem. Overall, the study highlights the need for parents to be provided with insights into the value of being responsive to their child and being encouraged to regularly talk with their child regarding their needs and desires, and seeking to understand how their child perceives the support they currently receive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Y Rouquette
- Laboratoire Sport Et Environment Social (SENS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Camilla J Knight
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Heuzé
- Laboratoire Sport Et Environment Social (SENS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Rosen NO, Muise MD, Vannier SA, Chambers CT, Scott H. #postbabyhankypanky: An Empirically Based Knowledge Sharing Initiative About Sex and the Transition to Parenthood. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:2849-2861. [PMID: 32488647 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the many sexual concerns experienced by new parents, and their reported desire for more information on this topic, both parents and healthcare providers remain reticent to broach the subject. The goal of this project was to disseminate evidence-based knowledge from our prior research in a way that was accessible, engaging, and would spark further interest and communication for both new parents and healthcare providers. We convened a multidisciplinary advisory group that also involved community parents who provided feedback at all phases of this project. We developed five brief YouTube videos, each featuring a core research finding. Following an empirically supported strategic knowledge translation plan, we disseminated the videos to our target audiences (i.e., expectant and new parents, healthcare providers, educators, and other stakeholders) using social media from February 2018 to November 2019. Data were collected using YouTube analytics and an online survey (convenience sample: N = 225 parents; N = 161 healthcare providers). From the date of the launch, the videos had a reach of 91,766 views from 14 countries, with viewers watching an average of 90% of a video. Overall, quantitative and qualitative survey results suggested that the videos were acceptable and appropriate, and respondents were more confident and comfortable discussing sexual issues (with their partner/with their patients) and would like more information about postpartum sexuality after watching the videos. YouTube videos are an acceptable and effective way to disseminate evidence aimed at raising awareness of factors affecting sexuality in the transition to parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Megan D Muise
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah A Vannier
- Department of Psychology, St. Thomas University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Bradford AB, Drean L, Sandberg JG, Johnson LN. They May Disapprove, but I Still Love You: Attachment Behaviors Moderate the Effect of Social Disapproval on Marital Relationship Quality. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1530-1551. [PMID: 31869455 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The degree of approval for a relationship from one's social network has been shown to predict relationship outcomes. Additional research has shown that attachment can buffer the negative effects of various factors (e.g., depression) on relationships. Using an actor-partner interdependence model in an SEM framework, we research the effects of disapproval from parents and friends for one's relationship on marital relationship quality for self and partner in a sample of 858 married couples. We also examine whether each spouse's attachment behaviors can moderate these effects. Results indicated that one's own attachment behaviors moderate the effects of their own parents' and friends' disapproval on their self-reported relationship quality for both men and women. Partner's attachment behaviors moderate own friend's disapproval on self-reported relationship quality for men and women; additionally, the main effect of partner's friends' and parents' disapproval became nonsignificant with that test. The findings provide evidence that attachment behaviors of both partners play a role in buffering the negative effects of the social network disapproval on relationship outcomes. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Drean
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | | | - Lee N Johnson
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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Koçak A, Mouratidis A, Uçanok Z, Selcuk E, Davies PT. Need Satisfaction as a Mediator of Associations between Interparental Relationship Dimensions and Autonomy Supportive Parenting: A Weekly Diary Study. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1874-1890. [PMID: 32035010 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Guided by the self-determination theory, this weekly diary study tested a process model in which week-to-week mother-reported interparental conflict and perceived partner responsiveness were associated with maternal autonomy support by means of maternal psychological need satisfaction. During six consecutive weeks, 258 mothers (Mage = 41.71 years) and their 157 adolescents (51.4% females, Mage = 14.92 years) from Turkey provided weekly reports of the study variables via an online survey. Multilevel analyses showed that maternal need satisfaction was predicted by lower levels of interparental conflict and greater levels of perceived partner responsiveness. Maternal need satisfaction, in turn, was positively associated with maternal and adolescent reports of maternal autonomy support. Further, these week-to-week associations were partly moderated by maternal perfectionism. The results underscore the dynamic nature of the intra-family relationships, the important role of particular conditions in which mothers may become more autonomy supportive, and the necessity to consider mother's personal characteristics while examining these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Koçak
- Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
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Kanter JW, Kuczynski AM, Manbeck KE, Corey MD, Wallace EC. An integrative contextual behavioral model of intimate relations. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rosen NO, Corsini-Munt S, Dubé JP, Boudreau C, Muise A. Partner Responses to Low Desire: Associations With Sexual, Relational, and Psychological Well-Being Among Couples Coping With Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder. J Sex Med 2020; 17:2168-2180. [PMID: 32978067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experience of distressing low sexual interest/arousal-female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD)-is prevalent in women of all ages and is associated with poorer sexual, relationship, and psychological well-being than women without this difficulty. Women who are partnered are almost 5 times more likely to be distressed by low desire and to receive a diagnosis of FSIAD than unpartnered women, indicating that interpersonal factors are highly relevant, although largely neglected in past research. AIM In a dyadic cross-sectional and longitudinal study, we examined whether partner responses to FSIAD were associated with the sexual, relationship, and psychological well-being of couples, and whether any effects persisted 1 year later. METHODS Women diagnosed with FSIAD (N = 89) completed a validated measure of perceived partner positive vs negative responses to their low sexual interest/arousal and their partners reported on their own responses, as well as measures of sexual desire, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, sexual distress, and anxiety. 1 year later, couples (N = 66) completed the outcome measures again. Data were analyzed according to the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. OUTCOMES Outcomes included were the Sexual Desire Inventory-Solitary and Partner-Focused Subscales; Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction; Female Sexual Distress Scale; Couple Satisfaction Index; and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Short-Form. RESULTS When women with FSIAD perceived more positive partner responses (eg, warm, supportive, compassionate) than negative responses (eg, hostile, unsupportive, indifferent), they were more satisfied with the relationship and they and their partners reported lower anxiety. When partners reported more positive than negative responses, they had greater relationship and sexual satisfaction and lower sexual distress and anxiety. Exploratory analyses revealed that women's perceptions of their partners' responses accounted for the link between partners' own responses and women's relationship satisfaction and anxiety. Partner responses did not predict any change in outcomes over time. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings support interpersonal conceptualizations of FSIAD and may inform the development of future couple-based interventions. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS This study is one of the few dyadic investigations of FSIAD, as diagnosed via a clinical interview. Significant associations were only observed cross-sectionally, limiting causal conclusions. There was limited power to detect longitudinal effects. CONCLUSION More positive responses to women's low sexual interest/arousal by partners is linked to better adjustment among couples affected by FSIAD. Rosen NO, Corsini-Munt S, Dubé JP, et al. Partner Responses to Low Desire: Associations With Sexual, Relational, and Psychological Well-Being Among Couples Coping With Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder. J Sex Med 2020;17:2168-2180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | | | - Justin P Dubé
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Carmen Boudreau
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amy Muise
- Department of Psychology, York University, Behavioural Science Building, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Weiss A, Burgmer P, Lange J. Surprise me! On the impact of unexpected benefits on other-praising gratitude expressions. Cogn Emot 2020; 34:1608-1620. [PMID: 32722986 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2020.1797638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gratitude reinforces social bonds. This relationship-regulating function depends on whether and how it is expressed. People can express gratitude in different ways: Beneficiaries may emphasise how they profited from a benefit (self-benefiting) or focus on the benefactor's actions and characteristics related to it (other-praising). What underlies these expressive styles remains unclear. Based on findings that other-praising gratitude expressions have unique positive effects on interpersonal relationships, four studies (N = 1,188) investigated a novel antecedent of these expressions: unexpectedness of the benefit. In Study 1, we content-coded participants' thank-you notes for an actual Christmas present. Path modelling revealed that unexpectedness of the benefit predicted other-praising, whereas happiness with the present predicted self-benefiting. These results were robust to relevant covariates and mirrored by participants' self-reported self-benefiting and other-praising intentions. Studies 2-4 (preregistered) investigated samples from two different populations and experimentally manipulated (un)expectedness of recalled or imagined benefits. Given mixed experimental results, we conducted an internal meta-analysis. Across experimental studies, unexpected benefits increased other-praising, albeit weakly so, but not self-benefiting. In addition, the effect of unexpectedness on other-praising was significantly different from that on self-benefiting. We discuss potential processes and moderators of the effect of unexpected benefits on gratitude expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Weiss
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pascal Burgmer
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jens Lange
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Murphy AP, Joel S, Muise A. A Prospective Investigation of the Decision to Open Up a Romantic Relationship. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550619897157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Consensual nonmonogamy (CNM) is an increasingly popular relationship option and a burgeoning topic within relationship science. However, retrospective designs have limited our ability to draw conclusions about the consequences of opening up a romantic relationship to other partners. In a longitudinal study, 233 individuals who were planning to engage in CNM, but who had not done so yet, were tracked over 2 months. We compared participants’ relational, sexual, and personal well-being before versus after opening up and between participants who did ( n = 155) versus did not ( n = 78) open up their relationships over the course of the study. Those who engaged in CNM experienced significant increases in sexual satisfaction, particularly if they did so with the explicit goal of addressing sexual incompatibilities within their relationships. We found no evidence that engaging in CNM impacted either life satisfaction or relationship quality with the primary partner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Joel
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Muise
- York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kuczynski AM, Kanter JW, Wetterneck CT, Olaz FO, Singh RS, Lee EB, Stowe TJ, Mazzucchelli TG, Mier-Chairez J, Maitland DW, Manbeck KE, Corey MD. Measuring intimacy as a contextual behavioral process: Psychometric development and evaluation of the Awareness, Courage, and Responsiveness Scale. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eby LT, Robertson MM. The Psychology of Workplace Mentoring Relationships. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-044924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Workplace mentoring relationships have been advanced as critical to employee development. However, mentoring research has tended to find small to moderate effects of mentoring on protégé and mentor outcomes and considerable heterogeneity in effect sizes. These findings underscore the need to better understand the psychology of mentoring relationships in order to maximize the benefits of mentoring for mentors, protégés, and organizations. In this article, after briefly reviewing established research on workplace mentoring relationships, we introduce five relationship science theories from outside organizational psychology and organizational behavior that provide new insight into the psychology of workplace mentoring: attachment theory, interdependence theory, self-expansion theory, Rhodes’ model of formal youth mentoring, and the working alliance. We then discuss several unique features of workplace mentoring that should be considered when applying these relationship science theories and introduce provocative ideas for future research. We conclude by discussing practical implications for mentors, protégés, and organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian T. Eby
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Melissa M. Robertson
- Owens Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Hinnekens C, Stas L, Gistelinck F, Verhofstadt LL. “I think you understand me.” Studying the associations between actual, assumed, and perceived understanding within couples. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hinnekens
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Lara Stas
- Department of Data Analyses Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Lesley L. Verhofstadt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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Borelli JL, Shai D, Fogel Yaakobi S, Levit‐Binnun N, Golland Y. Interpersonal physiological regulation during couple support interactions: Examining the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and emotional support. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13443. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Borelli
- Psychological Science University of California, Irvine Irvine California
| | - Dana Shai
- School of Behavioral Studies, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo Tel Aviv‒Yaffo Israel
| | - Shlomit Fogel Yaakobi
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya Herzliya Israel
| | - Nava Levit‐Binnun
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya Herzliya Israel
| | - Yulia Golland
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya Herzliya Israel
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