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Hernandez CM, McCuiston MA, Davis K, Halls Y, Carcamo Dal Zotto JP, Jackson NL, Dobrunz LE, King PH, McMahon LL. In a circuit necessary for cognition and emotional affect, Alzheimer's-like pathology associates with neuroinflammation, cognitive and motivational deficits in the young adult TgF344-AD rat. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 39:100798. [PMID: 39022628 PMCID: PMC11253229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to extracellular amyloid plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles, and inflammation, cognitive and emotional affect perturbations are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cognitive and emotional domains impaired by AD include several forms of decision making (such as intertemporal choice), blunted motivation (increased apathy), and impaired executive function (such as working memory and cognitive flexibility). However, the interaction between these domains of the mind and their supporting neurobiological substrates at prodromal stages of AD, or whether these interactions can be predictive of AD severity (individual variability), remain unclear. In this study, we employed a battery of cognitive and emotional tests in the young adult (5-7 mo) transgenic Fisher-344 AD (TgF344-AD; TgAD) rat model of AD. We also assessed whether markers of inflammation or AD-like pathology in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), or nucleus accumbens (NAc), all structures that directly support the aforementioned behaviors, were predictive of behavioral deficits. We found TgAD rats displayed maladaptive decision making, greater apathy, and impaired working memory that was indeed predicted by AD-like pathology in the relevant brain structures, even at an early age. Moreover, we report that the BLA is an early epicenter of inflammation, and notably, AD-like pathology in the PrL, BLA, and NAc was predictive of BLA inflammation. These results suggest that operant-based battery testing may be sensitive enough to determine pathology trajectories, including neuroinflammation, from early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caesar M. Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Macy A. McCuiston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kristian Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yolanda Halls
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Carcamo Dal Zotto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nateka L. Jackson
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Lynn E. Dobrunz
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Peter H. King
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lori L. McMahon
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
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von Schnehen A, Hobeika L, Houot M, Recher A, Puisieux F, Huvent-Grelle D, Samson S. Sensorimotor Impairment in Aging and Neurocognitive Disorders: Beat Synchronization and Adaptation to Tempo Changes. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD231433. [PMID: 38995777 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Understanding the nature and extent of sensorimotor decline in aging individuals and those with neurocognitive disorders (NCD), such as Alzheimer's disease, is essential for designing effective music-based interventions. Our understanding of rhythmic functions remains incomplete, particularly in how aging and NCD affect sensorimotor synchronization and adaptation to tempo changes. Objective This study aimed to investigate how aging and NCD severity impact tapping to metronomes and music, with and without tempo changes. Methods Patients from a memory clinic participated in a tapping task, synchronizing with metronomic and musical sequences, some of which contained sudden tempo changes. After exclusions, 51 patients were included in the final analysis. Results Participants' Mini-Mental State Examination scores were associated with tapping consistency. Additionally, age negatively influenced consistency when synchronizing with a musical beat, whereas consistency remained stable across age when tapping with a metronome. Conclusions The results indicate that the initial decline of attention and working memory with age may impact perception and synchronization to a musical beat, whereas progressive NCD-related cognitive decline results in more widespread sensorimotor decline, affecting tapping irrespective of audio type. These findings underline the importance of customizing rhythm-based interventions to the needs of older adults and individuals with NCD, taking into consideration their cognitive as well as their rhythmic aptitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres von Schnehen
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Lise Hobeika
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, Lille, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut de l'Audition, Paris, France
| | - Marion Houot
- Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Recher
- STMS, IRCAM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, Paris, France
| | - François Puisieux
- Hôpital Gériatrique les Bateliers, Pôle de Gérontologie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Séverine Samson
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, Lille, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut de l'Audition, Paris, France
- Epilepsy Unit, AP-HP, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
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Gendron WH, Fertan E, Roddick KM, Wong AA, Maliougina M, Hiani YE, Anini Y, Brown RE. Intranasal insulin treatment ameliorates spatial memory, muscular strength, and frailty deficits in 5xFAD mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114583. [PMID: 38750806 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The 5xFAD mouse model shows age-related weight loss as well as cognitive and motor deficits. Metabolic dysregulation, especially impaired insulin signaling, is also present in AD. This study examined whether intranasal delivery of insulin (INI) at low (0.875 U) or high (1.750 U) doses would ameliorate these deficits compared to saline in 10-month-old female 5xFAD and B6SJL wildtype (WT) mice. INI increased forelimb grip strength in the wire hang test in 5xFAD mice in a dose-dependent manner but did not improve the performance of 5xFAD mice on the balance beam. High INI doses reduced frailty scores in 5xFAD mice and improved spatial memory in both acquisition and reversal probe trials in the Morris water maze. INI increased swim speed in 5xFAD mice but had no effect on object recognition memory or working memory in the spontaneous alternation task, nor did it improve memory in the contextual or cued fear memory tasks. High doses of insulin increased the liver, spleen, and kidney weights and reduced brown adipose tissue weights. P-Akt signaling in the hippocampus was increased by insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, INI increased strength, reduced frailty scores, and improved visual spatial memory. Hypoglycemia was not present after INI, however alterations in tissue and organ weights were present. These results are novel and important as they indicate that intra-nasal insulin can reverse cognitive, motor and frailty deficits found in this mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Gendron
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emre Fertan
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kyle M Roddick
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aimée A Wong
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Maria Maliougina
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Younes Anini
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Rogers B. Evaluating frontoparietal network topography for diagnostic markers of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14135. [PMID: 38898075 PMCID: PMC11187222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous prospective biomarkers are being studied for their ability to diagnose various stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). High-density electroencephalogram (EEG) methods show promise as an accurate, economical, non-invasive approach to measuring the electrical potentials of brains associated with AD. Event-related potentials (ERPs) may serve as clinically useful biomarkers of AD. Through analysis of secondary data, the present study examined the performance and distribution of N4/P6 ERPs across the frontoparietal network (FPN) using EEG topographic mapping. ERP measures and memory as a function of reaction time (RT) were compared between a group of (n = 63) mild untreated AD patients and a control group of (n = 73) healthy age-matched adults. Based on the literature presented, it was expected that healthy controls would outperform patients in peak amplitude and mean component latency across three parameters of memory when measured at optimal N4 (frontal) and P6 (parietal) locations. It was also predicted that the control group would exhibit neural cohesion through FPN integration during cross-modal tasks, thus demonstrating healthy cognitive functioning consistent with older healthy adults. By targeting select frontal and parietal EEG reference channels based on N4/P6 component time windows and positivity, our findings demonstrated statistically significant group variations between controls and patients in N4/P6 peak amplitudes and latencies during cross-modal testing. Our results also support that the N4 ERP might be stronger than its P6 counterpart as a possible candidate biomarker. We conclude through topographic mapping that FPN integration occurs in healthy controls but is absent in AD patients during cross-modal memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayard Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Foxe D, Irish M, Carrick J, Cheung SC, Teng H, Burrell JR, Kessels RPC, Piguet O. Visuospatial working memory in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: a comparative analysis with Alzheimer's disease using the box task. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12406-0. [PMID: 38713393 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the visuospatial working memory profiles of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) using a novel computerised test of visuospatial working memory: the Box Task. METHODS Twenty-eight bvFTD and 28 AD patients, as well as 32 age-matched control participants were recruited. All participants completed the Box Task and conventional neuropsychological tests of working memory, episodic memory, and visuospatial function. RESULTS Both the bvFTD and AD groups exhibited significantly more Box Task between-search errors than the control group across all set sizes. Notably, the AD group demonstrated a significantly higher error rate compared to the bvFTD group. Regression analysis revealed that whilst episodic memory impairment significantly predicted Box Task error performance in AD, this was not the case for bvFTD. Additionally, a noticeable trend was observed for attention in predicting Box Task errors in both bvFTD and AD groups. The Box Task demonstrated high utility in differentiating between bvFTD and AD, with a decision tree correctly classifying 82.1% of bvFTD patients and 75% of AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal significant visuospatial working memory impairments in bvFTD, albeit of lesser severity compared to disease-matched AD patients. The Box Task, a novel measure of visuospatial working memory, proved effective in differentiating between bvFTD and AD, outperforming many traditional neuropsychological measures. Overall, our findings highlight the utility of assessing visuospatial memory when differentiating between bvFTD and AD in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Foxe
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Muireann Irish
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James Carrick
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sau Chi Cheung
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Neuropsychology Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Her Teng
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James R Burrell
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Vincent Van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Tikkanen V, Krüger J, Heikkinen AL, Hänninen T, Hublin C, Koivisto AM, Virkkala J, Saari TT, Remes AM, Paajanen TI. A Novel Computerized Flexible Attention Test in Detecting Executive Dysfunction of Patients with Early-Onset Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae026. [PMID: 38581151 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The number of computer-based cognitive tests has increased in recent years, but there is a need for tests focusing on the assessment of executive function (EF), as it can be crucial for the identification of early-onset neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to examine the ability of the Flexible Attention Test (FAT), a new computer-based test battery for detecting executive dysfunction of early-onset cognitive impairment and dementia patients. METHOD We analyzed the FAT subtask results in memory clinic patients with cognitive symptom onset at ≤65 years. The patients were divided into four groups: early onset dementia (EOD, n = 48), mild cognitive impairment due to neurological causes (MCI-n, n = 34), MCI due to other causes (MCI-o, n = 99), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 14). The test accuracy to distinguish EOD patients from other groups was examined, as well as correlations with pen-and-paper EF tests. We also reported the 12-months follow-up results. RESULTS The EOD and MCI-n patients performed significantly poorer (p ≤ .002) than those in the MCI-o and SCD groups in most of the FAT subtasks. The accuracies of the FAT subtasks to detect EOD from other causes were mainly moderate (0.34 ≤ area under the curve < 0.74). The FAT subtasks correlated logically with corresponding pen-and-paper EF tests (.15 ≤ r ≤ .75). No systematic learning effects were detected in the FAT performance at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The FAT appears to be a promising method for the precise evaluation of EF and applicable distinguishing early-onset neurodegenerative disorders from patients with other causes of cognitive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Tikkanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Krüger
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna-Leena Heikkinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Work Ability and Working Careers Unit, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christer Hublin
- Work Ability and Working Careers Unit, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Virkkala
- Work Ability and Working Careers Unit, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Clinical Neurosciences, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni T Saari
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu I Paajanen
- Work Ability and Working Careers Unit, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Whittaker HT, Khayyat L, Fortier-Lavallée J, Laverdière M, Bélanger C, Zatorre RJ, Albouy P. Information-based rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation to accelerate learning during auditory working memory training: a proof-of-concept study. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1355565. [PMID: 38638697 PMCID: PMC11024337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1355565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rhTMS) has been shown to enhance auditory working memory manipulation, specifically by boosting theta oscillatory power in the dorsal auditory pathway during task performance. It remains unclear whether these enhancements (i) persist beyond the period of stimulation, (ii) if they can accelerate learning and (iii) if they would accumulate over several days of stimulation. In the present study, we investigated the lasting behavioral and electrophysiological effects of applying rhTMS over the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) throughout the course of seven sessions of cognitive training on an auditory working memory task. Methods A limited sample of 14 neurologically healthy participants took part in the training protocol with an auditory working memory task while being stimulated with either theta (5 Hz) rhTMS or sham TMS. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded before, throughout five training sessions and after the end of training to assess to effects of rhTMS on behavioral performance and on oscillatory entrainment of the dorsal auditory network. Results We show that this combined approach enhances theta oscillatory activity within the fronto-parietal network and causes improvements in auditoryworking memory performance. We show that compared to individuals who received sham stimulation, cognitive training can be accelerated when combined with optimized rhTMS, and that task performance benefits can outlast the training period by ∼ 3 days. Furthermore, we show that there is increased theta oscillatory power within the recruited dorsal auditory network during training, and that sustained EEG changes can be observed ∼ 3 days following stimulation. Discussion The present study, while underpowered for definitive statistical analyses, serves to improve our understanding of the causal dynamic interactions supporting auditory working memory. Our results constitute an important proof of concept for the potential translational impact of non-invasive brain stimulation protocols and provide preliminary data for developing optimized rhTMS and training protocols that could be implemented in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather T. Whittaker
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) - Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lina Khayyat
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Megan Laverdière
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Carole Bélanger
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Robert J. Zatorre
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) - Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Albouy
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) - Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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Ganesan K, Rentsch P, Langdon A, Milham LT, Vissel B. Modeling sporadic Alzheimer's disease in mice by combining Apolipoprotein E4 risk gene with environmental risk factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1357405. [PMID: 38476659 PMCID: PMC10927790 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1357405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Developing effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a challenge. This can be partially attributed to the fact that the mouse models used in preclinical research largely replicate familial form of AD, while majority of human cases are sporadic; both forms differ widely in the onset and origin of pathology, therefore requiring specific/targeted treatments. Methods In this study, we aimed to model sporadic AD in mice by combining two of the many risk factors that are strongly implicated in AD: ApoE4, a major genetic risk factor, together with an inflammatory stimuli. Accordingly, we subjected ApoE4 knock in (KI) mice, expressing humanized ApoE4, to low doses of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections (i.p, weekly, for 4 months). Results We assessed these animals for behavioral impairments at 6 months of age using Open Field, Y-maze, and Barnes Maze Test. LPS induced hypoactivity was observed in the Open Field and Y-maze test, whereas spatial learning and memory was intact. We then quantified differences in dendritic spine density, which is a strong correlate of AD. ApoE4KI mice showed a significant reduction in the number of spines after treatment with LPS, whereas there were no obvious differences in the total number of microglia and astrocytes. Discussion To conclude, in the current study the APoEe4 risk gene increases the vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to inflammation induced spine loss, laying a foundation for an early sporadic AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Ganesan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peggy Rentsch
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Langdon
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke T. Milham
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Toth AJ, Harvey C, Gullane H, Kelly N, Bruton A, Campbell MJ. The effect of bipolar bihemispheric tDCS on executive function and working memory abilities. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1275878. [PMID: 38235279 PMCID: PMC10791995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1275878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive functioning is central to the ability to learn, problem solve, remember, and use information in a rapid and accurate manner and cognitive abilities are fundamental for communication, autonomy, and quality of life. Transcranial electric stimulation (tES) is a very promising tool shown to improve various motor and cognitive functions. When applied as a direct current stimulus (transcranial direct current stimulation; tDCS) over the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC), this form of neurostimulation has mixed results regarding its ability to slow cognitive deterioration and potentially enhance cognitive functioning, requiring further investigation. This study set out to comprehensively investigate the effect that anodal and cathodal bipolar bihemispheric tDCS have on executive function and working memory abilities. Methods 72 healthy young adults were recruited, and each participant was randomly allocated to either a control group (CON), a placebo group (SHAM) or one of two neurostimulation groups (Anodal; A-STIM and Cathodal; C-STIM). All participants undertook cognitive tests (Stroop & N Back) before and after a 30-minute stimulation/ sham/ control protocol. Results Overall, our results add further evidence that tDCS may not be as efficacious for enhancing cognitive functioning as it has been shown to be for enhancing motor learning when applied over M1. We also provide evidence that the effect of neurostimulation on cognitive functioning may be moderated by sex, with males demonstrating a benefit from both anodal and cathodal stimulation when considering performance on simple attention trial types within the Stroop task. Discussion Considering this finding, we propose a new avenue for tDCS research, that the potential that sex may moderate the efficacy of neurostimulation on cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Toth
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Lero Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cliodhna Harvey
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Hannah Gullane
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Niall Kelly
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Adam Bruton
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Campbell
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- The Science Foundation Ireland Center for Software Research, Lero Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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10
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Chang J, Chang C. Quantitative Electroencephalography Markers for an Accurate Diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia: A Spectral Power Ratio Approach. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2155. [PMID: 38138258 PMCID: PMC10744364 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common form of presenile dementia; however, its diagnosis has been poorly investigated. Previous attempts to diagnose FTD using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) have yielded inconsistent results in both spectral and functional connectivity analyses. This study aimed to introduce an accurate qEEG marker that could be used to diagnose FTD and other neurological abnormalities. Materials and Methods: We used open-access electroencephalography data from OpenNeuro to investigate the power ratio between the frontal and temporal lobes in the resting state of 23 patients with FTD and 29 healthy controls. Spectral data were extracted using a fast Fourier transform in the delta (0.5 ≤ 4 Hz), theta (4 ≤ 8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (>13-30 Hz), and gamma (>30-45 Hz) bands. Results: We found that the spectral power ratio between the frontal and temporal lobes is a promising qEEG marker of FTD. Frontal (F)-theta/temporal (T)-alpha, F-alpha/T-theta, F-theta/F-alpha, and T-beta/T-gamma showed a consistently high discrimination score for the diagnosis of FTD for different parameters and referencing methods. Conclusions: The study findings can serve as reference for future research focused on diagnosing FTD and other neurological anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Chang
- Korean Minjok Leadership Academy, Hoengseong 25268, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Chang
- College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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11
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Chino B, Torres-Simón L, Żelwetro A, Rodríguez-Rojo IC, Carnes-Vendrell A, Piñol-Ripoll G, Yubero R, Paúl N, Maestú F. Understanding the Episodic Memory and Executive Functioning Axis Impairment in MCI Patients: A Multicenter Study in Comparison with CSF Biomarkers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3147. [PMID: 38137368 PMCID: PMC10741228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the association between a verbal learning task that evaluates the potential mutual dependency between memory and executive functions (i.e., the Test of Memory Strategies, TMS) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarkers. METHODS A sample of 47 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants from Poland and Spain were classified according to the Erlangen Score Diagnostic Algorithm (ESA) into CSF- (n = 16) and CSF+ (n = 31) groups. Correlation analyses between TMS word-list conditions and CSF biomarkers were conducted. Additionally, an analysis of covariance was performed to define the effect on ESA classification in the sample, using as a covariable the country of origin of the participants. RESULTS Significant associations between the TMS-3 condition and Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau were observed for the whole sample. In addition, the CSF- participants obtained higher cognitive performance in TMS-3 compared to the CSF+ group. This outcome persisted if the groups were based on Aβ42 scores, but not t-tau or p-tau values. CONCLUSIONS These findings could indicate that poor performance on verbal learning tests may be affected by executive dysfunctions. Therefore, future intervention plans focused on training executive functions would be of interest to improve the ability of MCI patients to encode and organize information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Chino
- Institute of Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-S.); (F.M.)
| | - Lucía Torres-Simón
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-S.); (F.M.)
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Agnieszka Żelwetro
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 53-238 Wrocław, Poland;
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Center in Ścinawa, 59-330 Ścinawa, Poland
| | - Inmaculada Concepción Rodríguez-Rojo
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-S.); (F.M.)
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Carnes-Vendrell
- Unitat de Trastorns Cognitius, Cognition and Behavior Study Group, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-V.); (G.P.-R.)
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat de Trastorns Cognitius, Cognition and Behavior Study Group, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-V.); (G.P.-R.)
| | - Raquel Yubero
- Neurology Department, Hospital Quirónsalud Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Paúl
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-S.); (F.M.)
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Hammers DB, Eloyan A, Taurone A, Thangarajah M, Beckett L, Gao S, Kirby K, Aisen P, Dage JL, Foroud T, Griffin P, Grinberg LT, Jack CR, Kramer J, Koeppe R, Kukull WA, Mundada NS, Joie RL, Soleimani-Meigooni DN, Iaccarino L, Murray ME, Nudelman K, Polsinelli AJ, Rumbaugh M, Toga A, Touroutoglou A, Vemuri P, Atri A, Day GS, Duara R, Graff-Radford NR, Honig LS, Jones DT, Masdeu J, Mendez MF, Womack K, Musiek E, Onyike CU, Riddle M, Rogalski E, Salloway S, Sha SJ, Turner RS, Wingo TS, Wolk DA, Carrillo MC, Dickerson BC, Rabinovici GD, Apostolova LG. Profiling baseline performance on the Longitudinal Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) cohort near the midpoint of data collection. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19 Suppl 9:S8-S18. [PMID: 37256497 PMCID: PMC10806768 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Longitudinal Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) seeks to provide comprehensive understanding of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD; onset <65 years), with the current study profiling baseline clinical, cognitive, biomarker, and genetic characteristics of the cohort nearing the data-collection mid-point. METHODS Data from 371 LEADS participants were compared based on diagnostic group classification (cognitively normal [n = 89], amyloid-positive EOAD [n = 212], and amyloid-negative early-onset non-Alzheimer's disease [EOnonAD; n = 70]). RESULTS Cognitive performance was worse for EOAD than other groups, and EOAD participants were apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 homozygotes at higher rates. An amnestic presentation was common among impaired participants (81%), with several clinical phenotypes present. LEADS participants generally consented at high rates to optional trial procedures. CONCLUSIONS We present the most comprehensive baseline characterization of sporadic EOAD in the United States to date. EOAD presents with widespread cognitive impairment within and across clinical phenotypes, with differences in APOE ε4 allele carrier status appearing to be relevant. HIGHLIGHTS Findings represent the most comprehensive baseline characterization of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) to date. Cognitive impairment was widespread for EOAD participants and more severe than other groups. EOAD participants were homozygous apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers at higher rates than the EOnonAD group. Amnestic presentation predominated in EOAD and EOnonAD participants, but other clinical phenotypes were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin B. Hammers
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ani Eloyan
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alexander Taurone
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Maryanne Thangarajah
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Laurel Beckett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California – Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kala Kirby
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul Aisen
- Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Dage
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Percy Griffin
- Medical & Scientific Relations Division, Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Joel Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Koeppe
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Walter A. Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nidhi S Mundada
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Kelly Nudelman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Angelina J. Polsinelli
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Malia Rumbaugh
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Arthur Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alireza Atri
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Gregory S. Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Lawrence S. Honig
- Taub Institute and Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David T. Jones
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph Masdeu
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist and Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mario F. Mendez
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyle Womack
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Erik Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chiadi U. Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meghan Riddle
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven Salloway
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sharon J. Sha
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Thomas S. Wingo
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David A. Wolk
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria C. Carrillo
- Medical & Scientific Relations Division, Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradford C. Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Liana G. Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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13
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Godfrey RK, Alsop E, Bjork RT, Chauhan BS, Ruvalcaba HC, Antone J, Gittings LM, Michael AF, Williams C, Hala'ufia G, Blythe AD, Hall M, Sattler R, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Zarnescu DC. Modelling TDP-43 proteinopathy in Drosophila uncovers shared and neuron-specific targets across ALS and FTD relevant circuits. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:168. [PMID: 37864255 PMCID: PMC10588218 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) comprise a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases linked to TDP-43 proteinopathy, which at the cellular level, is characterized by loss of nuclear TDP-43 and accumulation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions that ultimately cause RNA processing defects including dysregulation of splicing, mRNA transport and translation. Complementing our previous work in motor neurons, here we report a novel model of TDP-43 proteinopathy based on overexpression of TDP-43 in a subset of Drosophila Kenyon cells of the mushroom body (MB), a circuit with structural characteristics reminiscent of vertebrate cortical networks. This model recapitulates several aspects of dementia-relevant pathological features including age-dependent neuronal loss, nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, and behavioral deficits in working memory and sleep that occur prior to axonal degeneration. RNA immunoprecipitations identify several candidate mRNA targets of TDP-43 in MBs, some of which are unique to the MB circuit and others that are shared with motor neurons. Among the latter is the glypican Dally-like-protein (Dlp), which exhibits significant TDP-43 associated reduction in expression during aging. Using genetic interactions we show that overexpression of Dlp in MBs mitigates TDP-43 dependent working memory deficits, conistent with Dlp acting as a mediator of TDP-43 toxicity. Substantiating our findings in the fly model, we find that the expression of GPC6 mRNA, a human ortholog of dlp, is specifically altered in neurons exhibiting the molecular signature of TDP-43 pathology in FTD patient brains. These findings suggest that circuit-specific Drosophila models provide a platform for uncovering shared or disease-specific molecular mechanisms and vulnerabilities across the spectrum of TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Keating Godfrey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Eric Alsop
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Reed T Bjork
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Brijesh S Chauhan
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Crescent Building C4605, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Hillary C Ruvalcaba
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jerry Antone
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Lauren M Gittings
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Allison F Michael
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Christi Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Grace Hala'ufia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alexander D Blythe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Megan Hall
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | | | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Crescent Building C4605, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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14
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Zhong Y, Zhang N, Zhao F, Chang S, Chen W, Cao Q, Sun L, Wang Y, Gong Z, Lu L, Liu D, Yang L. RBFOX1 and Working Memory: From Genome to Transcriptome Revealed Posttranscriptional Mechanism Separate From Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:1042-1052. [PMID: 37881587 PMCID: PMC10593897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many psychiatric disorders share a working memory (WM) impairment phenotype, yet the genetic causes remain unclear. Here, we generated genetic profiles of WM deficits using attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder samples and validated the results in zebrafish models. Methods We used 2 relatively large attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder cohorts, 799 and 776 cases, respectively. WM impairment was assessed using the Rey Complex Figure Test. First, association analyses were conducted at single-variant, gene-based, and gene-set levels. Deeper insights into the biological mechanism were gained from further functional exploration by bioinformatic analyses and zebrafish models. Results Genomic analyses identified and replicated a locus with rs75885813 as the index single nucleotide polymorphism showing significant association with WM defects but not with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Functional feature exploration found that these single nucleotide polymorphisms may regulate the expression level of RBFOX1 through chromatin interaction. Further pathway enrichment analysis of potential associated single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed the involvement of posttranscription regulation that affects messenger RNA stability and/or alternative splicing. Zebrafish with functionally knocked down or genome-edited rbfox1 exhibited WM impairment but no hyperactivity. Transcriptome profiling of rbfox1-defective zebrafish indicated that alternative exon usages of snap25a might partially lead to reduced WM learning of larval zebrafish. Conclusions The locus with rs75885813 in RBFOX1 was identified as associated with WM. Rbfox1 regulates synaptic and long-term potentiation-related gene snap25a to adjust WM at the posttranscriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Zhong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, International Data Group, McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
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15
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Bang M, Jang CW, Kim HS, Park JH, Cho HE. Mobile applications for cognitive training: Content analysis and quality review. Internet Interv 2023; 33:100632. [PMID: 37312799 PMCID: PMC10258500 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the number of individuals suffering from cognitive diseases continues to rise, dealing with the diminished cognitive function that comes with age has become a serious public health concern. While the use of mobile applications (apps) as digital treatments for cognitive training shows promise, the analysis of their content and quality remains unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to systematically search and assess cognitive training apps using the multidimensional mobile app rating scale (MARS) to rate objective quality and identify critical points. Methods A search was conducted on the Google Play Store and Apple App Store in February 2022 using the terms "cognitive training" and "cognitive rehabilitation." The cognitive domains provided by each app were analyzed, and the frequency and percentage according to the apps were obtained. The MARS, a mHealth app quality rating tool including multidimensional measures, was used to analyze the quality of the apps. The relationship between the MARS score, the number of reviews, and 5-star ratings were examined. Results Of the 53 apps, 52 (98 %) included memory function, 48 (91 %) included attention function, 24 (45 %) included executive function, and 19 (36 %) included visuospatial function. The mean (SD) scores of MARS, 5-star ratings, and reviews of 53 apps were 3.09 (0.61), 4.33 (0.30), and 62,415.43 (121,578.77). From the between-section comparison, engagement (mean 2.97, SD 0.68) obtained lower scores than functionality (mean 3.18, SD 0.62), aesthetics (mean 3.13, SD 0.72), and information (mean 3.11, SD 0.54). The mean quality score and reviews showed a statistically significant association (r = 0.447 and P = .001*). As the number of domains increased, the mean quality score showed a statistically significant increasing trend (P = .002*). Conclusions Most apps provided training for the memory and attention domains, but few apps included executive function or visuospatial domains. The quality of the apps improved significantly when more domains were provided, and was positively associated with the number of reviews received. These results could be useful for the future development of mobile apps for cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeonghwan Bang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woong Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Engineering and Management, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Eol Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Jiang LX, Huang GD, Tian YL, Cong RX, Meng X, Wang HL, Zhang C, Yu X. Diminished activation of excitatory neurons in the prelimbic cortex leads to impaired working memory capacity in mice. BMC Biol 2023; 21:171. [PMID: 37568146 PMCID: PMC10416384 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory capacity impairment is an early sign of Alzheimer's disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Clarifying how working memory capacity is affected will help us better understand the pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. We used the olfactory working memory capacity paradigm to evaluate memory capacity in 3-month-old 5XFAD (an animal model of Alzheimer's disease) mice. Immunofluorescence staining of the prefrontal cortex was performed to detect the number of FOS-positive neurons, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-positive neurons, and glutamate decarboxylase-positive neurons in the prelimbic cortex and infralimbic cortex. A chemogenetic method was then used to modulate the inhibition and activation of excitatory neurons in the prelimbic cortex of wild-type and 5XFAD mice and to measure the memory capacity of mice. RESULTS Working memory capacity was significantly diminished in 5XFAD mice compared to littermate wild-type mice. Neuronal activation of the prelimbic cortex, but not the infralimbic cortex, was attenuated in 5XFAD mice performing the olfactory working memory capacity task. Subsequently, the FOS-positive neurons were co-localized with both calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-positive neurons and glutamate decarboxylase-positive neurons. The results showed that the activation of excitatory neurons in the prelimbic cortex was correlated with working memory capacity in mice. Our results further demonstrate that the chemogenetic inhibition of prelimbic cortex excitatory neurons resulted in reduced working memory capacity in wild-type mice, while the chemogenetic activation of prelimbic cortex excitatory neurons improved the working memory capacity of 5XFAD mice. CONCLUSION The diminished activation of prelimbic cortex excitatory neurons in 5XFAD mice during task performance is associated with reduced working memory capacity, and activation modulation of excitatory neurons by chemogenetic methods can improve memory capacity impairment in 5XFAD mice. These findings may provide a new direction for exploring Alzheimer's disease therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Jiang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), No.51 Huayuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research On Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Geng-Di Huang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, No.77 Zhenbi Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, 518118, China
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, No.1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Fuguang Community, Taoyuan Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Yong-Lu Tian
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No.5 Summer Palace Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ri-Xu Cong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xue Meng
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, No.1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hua-Li Wang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), No.51 Huayuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research On Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), No.51 Huayuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research On Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, 100191, China.
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17
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Savarimuthu A, Ponniah RJ. A Slip Between the Brain and the Lip: Working Memory and Cognitive-Communication Disorders. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2023; 52:1237-1248. [PMID: 37022624 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-023-09946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between working memory and speech has been a topic of intense research interest and investigation for many years. Memory studies have found that the active processing of working memory is required for language comprehension and speech production. Though there are studies that discuss the capacity of working memory, the processing of verbal stimuli into verbal memory remains unclear. Therefore, it is essential to understand the functioning of the working memory and how it processes verbal information. As working memory is intricately linked with communication, any deficits in working memory could cause communication disorders. Also, the disruption in the storage and retrieval of verbal memory could cause a disturbance in the speech pattern. To this point, this review elaborates on the active processing of working memory and its role in communication. Further, by studying the deficits in working memory that could cause cognitive-communication disorders such as apraxia of speech, dementia, and dysarthria, this article highlights the importance of verbal memory in speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Savarimuthu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India
| | - R Joseph Ponniah
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India.
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18
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Noel RL, Gorman SL, Batts AJ, Konofagou EE. Getting ahead of Alzheimer's disease: early intervention with focused ultrasound. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1229683. [PMID: 37575309 PMCID: PMC10412991 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1229683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) hypothesis implicates Aβ protein accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and progression. However, therapies targeting Aβ have proven insufficient in achieving disease reversal, prompting a shift to focus on early intervention and alternative therapeutic targets. Focused ultrasound (FUS) paired with systemically-introduced microbubbles (μB) is a non-invasive technique for targeted and transient blood-brain barrier opening (BBBO), which has demonstrated Aβ and tau reduction, as well as memory improvement in models of late-stage AD. However, similar to drug treatments for AD, this approach is not sufficient for complete reversal of advanced, symptomatic AD. Here we aim to determine whether early intervention with FUS-BBBO in asymptomatic AD could delay disease onset. Thus, the objective of this study is to measure the protective effects of FUS-BBBO on anxiety, memory and AD-associated protein levels in female and male triple transgenic (3xTg) AD mice treated at an early age and disease state. Here we show that early, repeated intervention with FUS-BBBO decreased anxiety-associated behaviors in the open field test by 463.02 and 37.42% in male and female cohorts, respectively. FUS-BBBO preserved female aptitude for learning in the active place avoidance paradigm, reducing the shock quadrant time by 30.03 and 31.01% in the final long-term and reversal learning trials, respectively. Finally, FUS-BBBO reduced hippocampal accumulation of Aβ40, Aβ42, and total tau in females by 12.54, 13.05, and 3.57%, respectively, and reduced total tau in males by 18.98%. This demonstration of both cognitive and pathological protection could offer a solution for carriers of AD-associated mutations as a safe, non-invasive technique to delay the onset of the cognitive and pathological effects of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Noel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samantha L. Gorman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alec J. Batts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisa E. Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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19
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Casagrande CC, Rempe MP, Springer SD, Wilson TW. Comprehensive review of task-based neuroimaging studies of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease using electrophysiological methods. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101950. [PMID: 37156399 PMCID: PMC10261850 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With an aging population, cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders are an emerging public health crises with enormous, yet still under-recognized burdens. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and the number of cases is expected to dramatically rise in the upcoming decades. Substantial efforts have been placed into understanding the disease. One of the primary avenues of research is neuroimaging, and while positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are most common, crucial recent advancements in electrophysiological methods such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) have provided novel insight into the aberrant neural dynamics at play in AD pathology. In this review, we outline task-based M/EEG studies published since 2010 using paradigms probing the cognitive domains most affected by AD, including memory, attention, and executive functioning. Furthermore, we provide important recommendations for adapting cognitive tasks for optimal use in this population and adjusting recruitment efforts to improve and expand future neuroimaging work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Casagrande
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Maggie P Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Seth D Springer
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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20
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Tedeschi Dauar M, Pascoal TA, Therriault J, Rowley J, Mohaddes S, Shin M, Zimmer ER, Eskildsen SF, Fonov VS, Gauthier S, Poirier J, Rosa-Neto P. Dynamic Amyloid and Metabolic Signatures of Delayed Recall Performance within the Clinical Spectrum of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020232. [PMID: 36831775 PMCID: PMC9954101 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between pathophysiological events and cognitive measures provide insights regarding brain networks affected during the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we assessed patients' scores in two delayed episodic memory tests, and investigated their associations with regional amyloid deposition and brain metabolism across the clinical spectrum of AD. We assessed the clinical, neuropsychological, structural, and positron emission tomography (PET) baseline measures of participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Subjects were classified as cognitively normal (CN), or with early (EMCI) or late (LMCI) mild cognitive impairment, or AD dementia. The memory outcome measures of interest were logical memory 30 min delayed recall (LM30) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test 30 min delayed recall (RAVLT30). Voxel-based [18F]florbetapir and [18F]FDG uptake-ratio maps were constructed and correlations between PET images and cognitive scores were calculated. We found that EMCI individuals had LM30 scores negatively correlated with [18F]florbetapir uptake on the right parieto-occipital region. LMCI individuals had LM30 scores positively associated with left lateral temporal lobe [18F]FDG uptake, and RAVLT30 scores positively associated with [18F]FDG uptake in the left parietal lobe and in the right enthorhinal cortex. Additionally, LMCI individuals had LM30 scores negatively correlated with [18F]florbetapir uptake in the right frontal lobe. For the AD group, [18F]FDG uptake was positively correlated with LM30 in the left temporal lobe and with RAVLT30 in the right frontal lobe, and [18F]florbetapir uptake was negatively correlated with LM30 scores in the right parietal and left frontal lobes. The results show that the association between regional brain metabolism and the severity of episodic memory deficits is dependent on the clinical disease stage, suggesting a dynamic relationship between verbal episodic memory deficits, AD pathophysiology, and clinical disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tedeschi Dauar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, DF, Brazil
- McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Tharick Ali Pascoal
- McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, 6825 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joseph Therriault
- McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, 6825 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University st., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jared Rowley
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, 6825 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sara Mohaddes
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, 6825 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Monica Shin
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, 6825 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Eduardo R. Zimmer
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, 6825 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Simon Fristed Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir S. Fonov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, 6825 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, 6825 Lasalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University st., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging 6825 La Salle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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21
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Yang Y, Wang D, Hou W, Li H. Cognitive Decline Associated with Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:25-46. [PMID: 37418204 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the most distinct signs of aging, and age-related cognitive decline is a heterogeneous issue varying in different cognitive domains and has significant differences among older adults. Identifying characteristics of cognitive aging is the basis of cognitive disease for early-detection and healthy aging promotion. In the current chapter, age-related decline of main cognitive domains, including sensory perception, memory, attention, executive function, language, reasoning, and space navigation ability are introduced respectively. From these aspects of cognition, we focus on the age-related effects, age-related cognitive diseases, and possible mechanisms of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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22
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Igarashi T, Umeda-Kameyama Y, Kojima T, Akishita M, Nihei M. Assessment of adjunct cognitive functioning through intake interviews integrated with natural language processing models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1145314. [PMID: 37153095 PMCID: PMC10162011 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1145314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we developed an interview framework and natural language processing model for estimating cognitive function, based on an intake interview with psychologists in a hospital setting. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions in five categories. To evaluate the developed interview items and the accuracy of the natural language processing model, we recruited participants with the approval of the University of Tokyo Hospital and obtained the cooperation of 29 participants (7 men and 22 women) aged 72-91 years. Based on the MMSE results, a multilevel classification model was created to classify the three groups, and a binary classification model to sort the two groups. For each of these models, we tested whether the accuracy would improve when text augmentation was performed. The accuracy in the multi-level classification results for the test data was 0.405 without augmentation and 0.991 with augmentation. The accuracy of the test data in the results of the binary classification without augmentation was 0.488 for the moderate dementia and mild dementia groups, 0.767 for the moderate dementia and MCI groups, and 0.700 for the mild dementia and MCI groups. In contrast, the accuracy of the test data in the augmented binary classification results was 0.972 for moderate dementia and mild dementia groups, 0.996 for moderate dementia and MCI groups, and 0.985 for mild dementia and MCI groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Igarashi
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshiharu Igarashi,
| | - Yumi Umeda-Kameyama
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kojima
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Nihei
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Chen CY, Yang GY, Tu HX, Weng XC, Hu C, Geng HY. The cognitive dysfunction of claustrum on Alzheimer's disease: A mini-review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1109256. [PMID: 37122376 PMCID: PMC10140374 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1109256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cognitive deficits and dementia. AD entails predominant pathological characteristics including amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque formation, neurofibrillary entanglements, and brain atrophy, which gradually result in cognitive dysfunctions. Studies showed that these pathological changes are found in a myriad of brain structures, including the claustrum (CLA), a nucleus that penetrates deeply into the brain and is extensively interconnected to various brain structures. The CLA modulates many aspects of cognitive functions, with attention, executive function, visuospatial ability, language, and memory in particular. It is also implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, of which one worthy of particular attention is AD-related cognitive impairments. To inspire novel AD treatment strategies, this review has summarized the CLA functionality in discriminative cognitive dysfunctions in AD. And then propose an array of potential mechanisms that might contribute to the cognitive impairments caused by an abnormal CLA physiology. We advocate that the CLA might be a new promising therapeutic target in combination with existing anti-AD drugs and brain stimulation approaches for future AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Xia Tu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Chu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Hu,
| | - Hong-Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Hong-Yan Geng,
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24
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Díaz-Rivera MN, Birba A, Fittipaldi S, Mola D, Morera Y, de Vega M, Moguilner S, Lillo P, Slachevsky A, González Campo C, Ibáñez A, García AM. Multidimensional inhibitory signatures of sentential negation in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:403-420. [PMID: 35253864 PMCID: PMC9837611 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processing of linguistic negation has been associated to inhibitory brain mechanisms. However, no study has tapped this link via multimodal measures in patients with core inhibitory alterations, a critical approach to reveal direct neural correlates and potential disease markers. METHODS Here we examined oscillatory, neuroanatomical, and functional connectivity signatures of a recently reported Go/No-go negation task in healthy controls and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) patients, typified by primary and generalized inhibitory disruptions. To test for specificity, we also recruited persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease involving frequent but nonprimary inhibitory deficits. RESULTS In controls, negative sentences in the No-go condition distinctly involved frontocentral delta (2-3 Hz) suppression, a canonical inhibitory marker. In bvFTD patients, this modulation was selectively abolished and significantly correlated with the volume and functional connectivity of regions supporting inhibition (e.g. precentral gyrus, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum). Such canonical delta suppression was preserved in the AD group and associated with widespread anatomo-functional patterns across non-inhibitory regions. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that negation hinges on the integrity and interaction of spatiotemporal inhibitory mechanisms. Moreover, our results reveal potential neurocognitive markers of bvFTD, opening a new agenda at the crossing of cognitive neuroscience and behavioral neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano N Díaz-Rivera
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Vito Dumas 284, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina.,Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), C1425FQD, Godoy Cruz 2370, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Birba
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Vito Dumas 284, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQD, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Fittipaldi
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Vito Dumas 284, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQD, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Débora Mola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, CONICET, 5000, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yurena Morera
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Guajara, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Manuel de Vega
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Guajara, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sebastian Moguilner
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158, US; and Trinity College, Dublin D02DP21, , Ireland.,Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Lillo
- Departamento de Neurología Sur, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380000, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Neurología, Hospital San José, 8380000, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), 7800003, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), 7800003, Santiago, Chile.,Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department, Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, 8380000, Santiago, Chile.,Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN) Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 7500000, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Medicina, Servicio de Neurología, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, 7550000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia González Campo
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Vito Dumas 284, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQD, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Vito Dumas 284, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQD, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158, US; and Trinity College, Dublin D02DP21, , Ireland.,Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adolfo M García
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Vito Dumas 284, Buenos Aires B1644BID, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), C1425FQD, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158, US; and Trinity College, Dublin D02DP21, , Ireland.,Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 7550000, Santiago, Chile
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25
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Igarashi T, Nihei M. Cognitive Assessment of Japanese Older Adults with Text Data Augmentation. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102051. [PMID: 36292498 PMCID: PMC9602467 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current medical science has not yet found a cure for dementia. The most important measures to combat dementia are to detect the tendency toward cognitive decline as early as possible and to intervene at an early stage. For this reason, screening for dementia based on language ability has attracted much attention in recent years. However, in most of the previous studies, the cohort of people with dementia has been smaller than the control cohort. In this paper, we use a pre-trained Japanese language model for text analysis and evaluate the effectiveness of text augmentation on a dataset consisting of Japanese-speaking healthy older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We also examined what tasks contributed to the results. This experimental setting can also be used to detect other diseases that may affect the language areas of the brain outside of the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Igarashi
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Misato Nihei
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, Hongo 7-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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Design and Verbal Fluency in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: Clinical and Metabolic Correlates. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:947-962. [PMID: 34569460 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617721001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive processes underlying verbal and design fluency, and their neural correlates in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) remain unclear. We hypothesised that verbal and design fluency may be associated with distinct neuropsychological processes in AD and FTD, showing different patterns of impairment and neural basis. METHODS We enrolled 142 participants including patients with AD (n = 80, mean age = 74.71), bvFTD (n = 34, mean age = 68.18), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 28, mean age = 71.14), that underwent cognitive assessment and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. RESULTS Semantic and phonemic fluency showed the largest effect sizes between groups, showing lower scores in bvFTD than AD and HCs, and lower scores in AD than HC. Both AD and bvFTD showed a lower number of unique designs in design fluency in comparison to HC. Semantic fluency was correlated with left frontotemporal lobe in AD, and with left frontal, caudate, and thalamus in bvFTD. Percentage of unique designs in design fluency was associated with the metabolism of the bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal cortex in AD, and the bilateral frontal cortex with right predominance in bvFTD. Repetitions in AD were correlated with bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, and with left prefrontal cortex in bvFTD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate differential underlying cognitive processes in verbal and design fluency in AD and bvFTD. While memory and executive functioning associated with fronto-temporo-parietal regions were key in AD, attention and executive functions correlated with the frontal cortex and played a more significant role in bvFTD during fluency tasks.
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Cejudo JC, Samaniego M, Almeria M, Castrillo S, Medina L, Gil D. Ikos Test: New Tool for the Assessment of Semantic Knowledge in Early Alzheimer Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:151-160. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Semantic memory (SM) constitutes a cognitive system that is seriously affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There are several tests for assessing SM, but a tool is needed to assess AD in the early stages of the illness. Objective: The study aimed to create, validate, and normalize a new test to assess SM, called the Ikos test, for AD and early AD in clinical practice. Methods: 62 healthy adults as a control group (CG), 62 AD, and 60 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subdivided into a group that progresses to AD, and another group that does not progress to AD were selected. The internal consistency (IC), the construct validity (CV), and reliability between raters and the test-retest were analyzed. We used the Bayesian approach to establish the accuracy of the diagnosis of the Ikos test in AD and early AD. Results: IC showed a Kuder-Richardson index of r = 0.945. The CV between the Ikos test and Pyramids and Palm Trees; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) index was 0.897. The Kappa index was between 0.865 and 0.912, and the ICC index was 0.873 for the test-retest reliability. The Area Under the Curve was 0.981, sensitivity (SE) was 0.95, and specificity (SP) was 0.96 in AD/CG. In contrast, in the MCI-AD/CG group, SE = 0.77 and SP = 0.80. Conclusion: The Ikos test accomplishes the criteria of validity and reliability with high correlation indexes. Therefore, it can be considered a valid, reliable, and easily applicable tool for SM assessment in diagnosing AD and the early stages of clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Cejudo
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Unit, Hospital Sagrat Cor. Hermanas Hospitalarias, Martorell, (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Melissa Samaniego
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Unit, Hospital Sagrat Cor. Hermanas Hospitalarias, Martorell, (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marta Almeria
- Cognition and Behavior Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa(Barcelona), Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Susana Castrillo
- RGG Sant Roc (DGPS), Drets Socials Dep, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Lidia Medina
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Unit. Hospital Atenció Intermedia MutuamGüell, EAPS Mutuam Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domènec Gil
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Unit, Hospital Sagrat Cor. Hermanas Hospitalarias, Martorell, (Barcelona), Spain
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Armstrong C, Archer A, Critten V, Critten S. Art box deliveries: The experiences of people with dementia and their carers during the Covid 19 lockdown. DEMENTIA 2022; 21:2499-2516. [PMID: 36053501 PMCID: PMC9583286 DOI: 10.1177/14713012221124863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Art workshops have been looked at before in terms of impact for people with dementia but never those conducted remotely during a pandemic lockdown. Two artists, working with local museums, provided Art workshops for people with dementia and their caregivers. Due to the first Covid 19 lockdown in the UK, the artists set up a weekly delivery service of Home Art Boxes to thirty-three people with dementia and their caregivers over a period spanning 11 months. The artists received funding from local organisations and the Community Lottery Fund. Thematic analysis of the feedback from the participants regarding the project and the artists themselves provided the data for this evaluation of the project. Seven main themes were identified: organisation of the project; community and connections; supporting the caregivers; enjoyment and enrichment; well-being and cognitive benefits of the projects; equipment and instructions; and drawbacks within the project. The participants' feedback enabled the artists to improve the contents and instructions given each week so that they were able to adjust the activities for those people with dementia whose condition was declining. Implications are that remote Art workshops are possible during lockdown restrictions, but that personal communication is equally important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anji Archer
- 3769University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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Finlay J, Esposito M, Langa KM, Judd S, Clarke P. Cognability: An Ecological Theory of neighborhoods and cognitive aging. Soc Sci Med 2022; 309:115220. [PMID: 35926362 PMCID: PMC9661364 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While a growing body of evidence points to potentially modifiable individual risk factors for dementia, the built and social environments in which people develop and navigate cognitive decline are largely overlooked. This paper proposes a new theoretical concept, Cognability, to conceptualize how supportive an area is to cognitive health among aging residents. Cognability incorporates a constellation of both positive and negative neighborhood features related to physical activity, social interaction and cognitive stimulation in later life. We analyzed data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study, a national sample of older Black and white adults in the United States (n = 21,151; mean age at assessment = 67; data collected 2006-2017). Generalized additive multilevel models examined how cognitive function varied by neighborhood features. Access to civic and social organizations, recreation centers, fast-food and coffee establishments, arts centers, museums, and highways were significantly associated with cognitive function. Race-, gender-, and education-specific models did not yield substantial improvements to the full-model. Our results suggest that the unequal distribution of amenities and hazards across neighborhoods may help account for considerable inequities observed in cognitive health among older adults. Cognability advances ecological theories of aging through an innovative "whole neighborhood" approach. It aims to identify which specific neighborhood features are most protective of cognitive health among aging adults to inform upstream public health initiatives, community interventions, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Finlay
- Social Environment and Health Program, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, United States; Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
| | - Michael Esposito
- Department of Sociology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States
| | - Kenneth M Langa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Suzanne Judd
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Philippa Clarke
- Social Environment and Health Program, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, United States; Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
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30
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Jiang LX, Huang GD, Wang HL, Zhang C, Yu X. The protocol for assessing olfactory working memory capacity in mice. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2703. [PMID: 35849713 PMCID: PMC9392537 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory capacity (WMC) is the ability to maintain information over a few seconds. Although it has been extensively studied in healthy subjects and neuropsychiatric patients, few tasks have been developed to measure such changes in rodents. Many procedures have been used to measure WM in rodents, including the radial arm maze, the WM version of the Morris swimming task, and various delayed matching and nonmatching-to-sample tasks. It should be noted, however, that the memory components assessed in these procedures do not include memory capacity. METHODS We developed an olfactory working memory capacity (OWMC) paradigm to assess the WMC of 3-month-old 5×FAD mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The task is divided into five phases: context adaptation, digging training, rule learning for nonmatching to a single sample odor (NMSS), rule learning for nonmatching to multiple sample odors (NMMS), and capacity testing. RESULTS In the NMSS rule-learning phase, there was no difference between wild-type (WT) mice and 5×FAD mice in the performance correct rate, correct option rate, and correct rejection rate. The WT mice and 5×FAD mice showed similar memory capacity in the NMMS rule-learning phase. After capacity test, we found that the WMC was significantly diminished in 5×FAD mice. As the memory load increased, 5×FAD mice also made significantly more errors than WT mice. CONCLUSION The OWMC task, based on a nonmatch-to-sample rule, is a sensitive and robust behavioral assay that we validated as a reliable method for measuring WMC and exploring different components of memory in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Jiang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
| | - Geng-Di Huang
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua-Li Wang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Capital Medical University, Youanmenwai, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
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Probing the Skin–Brain Axis: New Vistas Using Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137484. [PMID: 35806489 PMCID: PMC9267936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the skin, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, have gained increasing attention with rising incidences in developed countries over the past decades. While bodily properties, such as immunological responses of the skin, have been described in some detail, interactions with the brain via different routes are less well studied. The suggested routes of the skin–brain axis comprise the immune system, HPA axis, and the peripheral and central nervous system, including microglia responses and structural changes. They provide starting points to investigate the molecular mechanisms of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in AD and psoriasis. To this end, mouse models exist for AD and psoriasis that could be tested for relevant behavioral entities. In this review, we provide an overview of the current mouse models and assays. By combining an extensive behavioral characterization and state-of-the-art genetic interventions with the investigation of underlying molecular pathways, insights into the mechanisms of the skin–brain axis in inflammatory cutaneous diseases are examined, which will spark further research in humans and drive the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Chai YH, Zhang YP, Qiao YS, Gong HJ, Xu H, She HC, Patel I, Liu W, Stehouwer CDA, Zhou JB, Simó R. Association Between Diabetic Retinopathy, Brain Structural Abnormalities, and Cognitive Impairment for Accumulated Evidence in Observational Studies. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 239:37-53. [PMID: 35063409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cerebral disease or cognitive impairment. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD The hypothesis was formulated prior to data collection. Cross-sectional studies and cohort studies that assessed the association between any measure of DR and cerebral small vessel disease or any type of cognitive impairment in diabetic participants were included. The data were independently extracted by two investigators. This systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines RESULTS: A total of 27 studies were included. The combined odds ratio of 5 cross-sectional/cohort studies that reported that the associations between DR and cerebral structural changes was 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-2.25). The combined hazard ratio of 4 cohort studies that examined the association between DR and cognitive impairment events was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.22-1.78). The combined odds ratio of 14 cross-sectional/cohort studies that examined the association between DR and different cognitive impairment events was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.06-1.93). The overall coefficient (β) of 4 studies that examined the relationship between DR and specific cognitive performance was 0.09 (95% CI: 0.00-0.18). Considering the quality of the data, we have performed subgroup analysis in studies scored >7 and studies scored ≤7, respectively, according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests that DR is associated with an increased risk of structural abnormalities in the brain and cognitive impairment. This association remained significant after adjusting for blood glucose, and the presence of hypertension, indicating that DR is an important danger signal for cerebral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-He Chai
- From the Department of Endocrinology (Y.-H.C., Y.-S.Q, H.-J.G, H.X., I.P., W.L. J.B.Z.), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Peng Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center (Y.P.Z., H.C.S.), Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shun Qiao
- From the Department of Endocrinology (Y.-H.C., Y.-S.Q, H.-J.G, H.X., I.P., W.L. J.B.Z.), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jian Gong
- From the Department of Endocrinology (Y.-H.C., Y.-S.Q, H.-J.G, H.X., I.P., W.L. J.B.Z.), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- From the Department of Endocrinology (Y.-H.C., Y.-S.Q, H.-J.G, H.X., I.P., W.L. J.B.Z.), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Cheng She
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center (Y.P.Z., H.C.S.), Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ikramulhaq Patel
- From the Department of Endocrinology (Y.-H.C., Y.-S.Q, H.-J.G, H.X., I.P., W.L. J.B.Z.), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- From the Department of Endocrinology (Y.-H.C., Y.-S.Q, H.-J.G, H.X., I.P., W.L. J.B.Z.), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (C.D.A.S.), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jian-Bo Zhou
- From the Department of Endocrinology (Y.-H.C., Y.-S.Q, H.-J.G, H.X., I.P., W.L. J.B.Z.), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Rafael Simó
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (R.S.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain; Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit (R.S.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) (R.S.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain
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Cruz LN, Weinberger AH, Shuter J, Lee CJ. Wisconsin Card Sorting Task-64 performance among HIV+ Black/African American and Latinx adults compared to normative samples and by sociocultural and health variables. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022; 29:816-828. [PMID: 32985252 PMCID: PMC11236297 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1813142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many people living with HIV experience cognitive impairment, and HIV disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minority groups. Independent of HIV, racial/ethnic minority individuals perform worse than White individuals on cognitive tasks, even after accounting for education. Our goals were to (1) compare WCST-64 scores between HIV+ Black/African American (Black/AA) (n = 45) and Latinx (n = 41) urban-dwelling adults; (2) compare our total sample to the WCST-64 manual's normative (N) and clinical normative (CN) groups; and (3) explore relationships between WCST-64 performance and sociocultural/health variables. In our sample, employment (12%), mean annual income (<$10,000), and mean education (<12 years) were low, while mean medication adherence rates were high for both Black/AA (90%) and Latinx (87%). WCST-64 scores were similar between groups (p > .05). Percentages of "below average" and "mildly impaired" scores in our sample were higher than the N group, and similar to the CN group. Lifetime heroin use, dementia, and longer HIV illness duration were significantly associated with worse WCST-64 performance (ps < .05). The observed low scores in our asymptomatic sample are likely due to the intersectionality of sociocultural and medical burden, highlighting complexities in interpreting neuropsychological data in real-world HIV+ clinics. Executive deficits are linked to poorer outcomes, and routine cognitive screening may be clinically indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N. Cruz
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York USA
| | - Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York USA
| | - Jonathan Shuter
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York USA
- AIDS Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York USA
| | - Christine J. Lee
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York USA
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Umesh S, Goyal N, Grover S, Bhattacharyya R, Menon V, Mohapatra D, Mehra A, Bakhla AK. A multicentric exploratory study of behavioral and psychological symptom characteristics of dementia. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:370-376. [PMID: 36060715 PMCID: PMC9435607 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_117_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS) are usually the expected consequences of dementia. BPS increases morbidity and burden, affects the quality of life, and impacts care costs. However, the symptom characteristics, clinical correlations, and symptom-specific clusters aiding the diagnosis are less well studied, especially in the Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study examined the BPS clusters based on various cognitive and neuropsychiatric profiles in patients with dementia under a multicentric study in India. We did a cross-sectional assessment using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and cognitive functions by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the severity of dementia using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. In addition, all of the participants were evaluated on a structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Research Version for past or current psychiatric disorder(s). RESULTS We describe the various BPS clusters uniquely associated with the severity of dementia. Further, on linear regression analysis, we predicted three symptom clusters (anxiety, irritability, aberrant motor) in mild, two symptom clusters (disinhibition, agitation/aggression) in moderate and three symptom clusters (delusion, euphoria/elation, disinhibition) in severe dementia. CONCLUSION The study provides insights into the various symptom characteristics and inter-relationship of BPS, which may benefit the clinician while assessing patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreekantiah Umesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nishant Goyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ranjan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychiatry, Murshidabad Medical College and Hospital Murshidabad, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Aseem Mehra
- Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Bakhla
- Department of Psychiatry, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Yang Y, Chen T, Wang C, Zhang J, Yuan X, Zhong X, Yan S, Jiang C. Determining Whether Tai Chi Chuan Is Related to the Updating Function in Older Adults: Differences Between Practitioners and Controls. Front Public Health 2022; 10:797351. [PMID: 35592079 PMCID: PMC9110777 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.797351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is an effective method for delaying cognitive decline in older adults. However, in older adults, the association between long-term TCC practice and working memory updating has not been extensively studied. Objective This cross-sectional study investigated how updating function operationalized via Reaction Times (RTs) and Accuracy Rates (ARs) of N-Back tasks being measured in a laboratory setting is related to long term practice of TCC. Methods Twenty-six healthy elderly people participated in this experiment. According to the duration of time TCC was practiced, 13 subjects in the TCC group had more than 5 years of experience with TCC exercise, and 13 elderly subjects who had not been systematically exposed to mind-body exercise were assigned to the control group. The N-back task was administered to every participant to evaluate the updating function. Results The TCC group had faster RTs than the control group (p < 0.05). For the 1-back task, the TCC group showed faster RTs than the control group; for the 2-back task, the TCC group exhibited faster RTs than the control group. The TCC group had higher ARs than the control group (p < 0.05). For the 1-back task, the TCC group showed higher ARs than the control group; for the 2-back task, the TCC group exhibited higher ARs than the control group. Conclusions Long-term TCC practitioners exhibit a better updating function as compared to controls who did not practice TCC. Thus, our findings suggest that long-term TCC positively influences the updating function of older adults, making it, in turn, an effective mind-body exercise to maintain specific aspects of cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Education, Beijing Dance Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yuan
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhong
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Shoufu Yan
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Changhao Jiang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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Disentangling Reversal-learning Impairments in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer Disease. Cogn Behav Neurol 2022; 35:110-122. [PMID: 35486540 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) often present with poor decision-making, which can affect both their financial and social situations. Delineation of the specific cognitive impairments giving rise to impaired decision-making in individuals with FTD may inform treatment strategies, as different neurotransmitter systems have been associated with distinct patterns of altered decision-making. OBJECTIVE To use a reversal-learning paradigm to identify the specific cognitive components of reversal learning that are most impaired in individuals with FTD and those with Alzheimer disease (AD) in order to inform future approaches to treatment for symptoms related to poor decision-making and behavioral inflexibility. METHOD We gave 30 individuals with either the behavioral variant of FTD or AD and 18 healthy controls a stimulus-discrimination reversal-learning task to complete. We then compared performance in each phase between the groups. RESULTS The FTD group demonstrated impairments in initial stimulus-association learning, though to a lesser degree than the AD group. The FTD group also performed poorly in classic reversal learning, with the greatest impairments being observed in individuals with frontal-predominant atrophy during trials requiring inhibition of a previously advantageous response. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results and the reversal-learning paradigm used in this study may inform the development and screening of behavioral, neurostimulatory, or pharmacologic interventions aiming to address behavioral symptoms related to stimulus-reinforcement learning and response inhibition impairments in individuals with FTD.
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Silva PCD, de Oliveira LLV, Teixeira RLP, Brito MLDA, Filippe ARTM. Executive Functions in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/adr-210059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In Alzheimer’s disease, in addition to memory, attention has been given to cognitive testing due to its interface and connection with memory. Objective: The aim of this study is to take a global view of executive functions and place the concept within the theoretical framework of Alzheimer’s disease dementia, verifying their role in the cognitive functioning of the human mind, as well as how they are compromised in this pathology. Methods: An initial search was carried out in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. The guiding question presented at the end of the introduction was elaborated from the PICO/PIO/PEO strategy. The selected articles, therefore, answered the guiding question, were made available in full, and published in the period from 2000 to 2020. Studies without specific methodology and which correlated with other diseases or other types of dementia were excluded. To meet the objective, an integrative literature review was adopted. Results: The results indicate that, although the tests to verify the performance of cognitive functions have their limitations, they bring some evidence that they have been compromised, especially when analyzed periodically during the development of dementia. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is an interference of executive functions in function of Alzheimer’s and that memory and attention are the most evident in this type of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Max Leandro de Araújo Brito
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Letras e Ciências Sociais do Seridó da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Misrani A, Tabassum S, Huo Q, Tabassum S, Jiang J, Ahmed A, Chen X, Zhou J, Zhang J, Liu S, Feng X, Long C, Yang L. Mitochondrial Deficits With Neural and Social Damage in Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:748388. [PMID: 34955809 PMCID: PMC8704997 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.748388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be an early event in the onset and progression of AD; however, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated mitochondrial proteins involved in organelle dynamics, morphology and energy production in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HIPP) of young (1∼2 months), adult (4∼5 months) and aged (9∼10, 12∼18 months) APP/PS1 mice. We observed increased levels of mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1, and decreased levels of ATP synthase subunit, ATP5A, leading to abnormal mitochondrial morphology, increased oxidative stress, glial activation, apoptosis, and altered neuronal morphology as early as 4∼5 months of age in APP/PS1 mice. Electrophysiological recordings revealed abnormal miniature excitatory postsynaptic current in the mPFC together with a minor connectivity change between the mPFC and HIPP, correlating with social deficits. These results suggest that abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, which worsen with disease progression, could be a biomarker of early-stage AD. Therapeutic interventions that improve mitochondrial function thus represent a promising approach for slowing the progression or delaying the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Misrani
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sidra Tabassum
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Huo
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sumaiya Tabassum
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Jiang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adeel Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Feng
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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Geraudie A, Battista P, García AM, Allen IE, Miller ZA, Gorno-Tempini ML, Montembeault M. Speech and language impairments in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1076-1095. [PMID: 34673112 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is classically defined by behavioral and socio-emotional changes, impairments often extend to other cognitive functions. These include early speech and language deficits related to the disease's core neural disruptions. Yet, their scope and clinical relevance remains poorly understood. This systematic review characterizes such disturbances in bvFTD, considering clinically, neuroanatomically, genetically, and neuropathologically defined subgroups. We included 181 experimental studies, with at least 5 bvFTD patients diagnosed using accepted criteria, comparing speech and language outcomes between bvFTD patients and healthy controls or between bvFTD subgroups. Results reveal extensive and heterogeneous deficits across cohorts, with (a) consistent lexico-semantic, reading & writing, and prosodic impairments; (b) inconsistent deficits in motor speech and grammar; and (c) relative preservation of phonological skills. Also, preliminary findings suggest that the severity of speech and language deficits might be associated with global cognitive impairment, predominantly temporal or fronto-temporal atrophy and MAPT mutations (vs C9orf72). Although under-recognized, these impairments contribute to patient characterization and phenotyping, while potentially informing diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Geraudie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA; Neurology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Petronilla Battista
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Via Generale Nicola Bellomo, Bari, Italy
| | - Adolfo M García
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Universidad De San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel E Allen
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Maxime Montembeault
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA.
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40
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Gonzalez-Gomez R, Rodríguez-Villagra OA, Schulte M, Torralva T, Ibáñez A, Huepe D, Fittipaldi S. Neurocognitive factorial structure of executive functions: Evidence from neurotypicals and frontotemporal dementia. Cortex 2021; 145:79-96. [PMID: 34689034 PMCID: PMC11168581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The latent structure of executive functions (EFs) remains controversial. Confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) has provided support for both multidimensional (assumes EFs to be functionally separable but related components) and bifactor (proposes all components are nested within a common factor) models. However, these CFA models have never been compared in patient samples, nor regarding their neuroanatomical correlates. Here, we systematically contrast both approaches in neurotypicals and in a neurodegenerative lesion model (patients with the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, bvFTD), characterized by executive deficits associated with frontal neurodegeneration. First, CFA was used to test the models' fit in a sample of 341 neurotypicals and 29 bvFTD patients based on performance in an executive frontal screening battery which assesses working memory, motor inhibition, verbal inhibition, and abstraction capacity. Second, we compared EFs factor and observed scores between patients and matched controls. Finally, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to compare the grey matter correlates of factor and observed scores. CFA results showed that both models fit the data well. The multidimensional model, however, was more sensitive than the bifactor model and the observed scores to detect EFs impairments in bvFTD patients. VBM results for the multidimensional model revealed common and unique grey matter correlates for EFs components across prefrontal-insular, posterior, and temporal cortices. Regarding the bifactor model, only the common factor was associated with prefrontal-insular hubs. Observed scores presented scant, non-frontal grey matter associations. Converging behavioral and neuroanatomical evidence from healthy populations and a neurodegenerative model of EFs supports an underlying multidimensional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Gonzalez-Gomez
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Odir Antonio Rodríguez-Villagra
- Institute for Psychological Research, University of Costa Rica, Sabanilla, Costa Rica; Neuroscience Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Schulte
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Torralva
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), US and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland
| | - David Huepe
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Sol Fittipaldi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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Yaddaden A, Spalla G, Gouin-Vallerand C, Briskie-Semeniuk P, Bier N. A mixed reality cognitive orthosis to support older adults in achieving their daily living activities: A qualitative study (Preprint). JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2021; 9:e34983. [PMID: 35857354 PMCID: PMC9350820 DOI: 10.2196/34983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Yaddaden
- École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Spalla
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire Domus, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Gouin-Vallerand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire Domus, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Briskie-Semeniuk
- École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation du Montréal métropolitain, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bier
- École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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42
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The central executive network and executive function in healthy and persons with schizophrenia groups: a meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:1451-1464. [PMID: 34775552 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis evaluated the extent to which executive function can be understood with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Studies included structural in schizophrenia (k = 8; n = 241) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 1660), and functional in schizophrenia (k = 4; n = 104) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 712). Results revealed a positive association in the brain behavior relationship when pooled across schizophrenia and control samples for structural (pr = 0.27) and functional (pr = 0.29) modalities. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference for functional neuroimaging (pr = .43, 95%CI = -.08-.77, p = .088) but with structural neuroimaging (pr = .37, 95%CI = -.08-.69, p = .015) the association to executive functions is lower in the control group. Subgroup analyses also revealed no significant differences in the strength of the brain-behavior relationship in the schizophrenia group (pr = .59, 95%CI = .58-.61, p = .881) or the control group (pr = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.18-0.19, p = 0.920), suggesting concordance.
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Barker SJ, Raju RM, Milman NEP, Wang J, Davila-Velderrain J, Gunter-Rahman F, Parro CC, Bozzelli PL, Abdurrob F, Abdelaal K, Bennett DA, Kellis M, Tsai LH. MEF2 is a key regulator of cognitive potential and confers resilience to neurodegeneration. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd7695. [PMID: 34731014 PMCID: PMC9258338 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett J Barker
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ravikiran M Raju
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noah E P Milman
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jose Davila-Velderrain
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fatima Gunter-Rahman
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cameron C Parro
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Lorenzo Bozzelli
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fatema Abdurrob
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karim Abdelaal
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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44
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Schwertner E, Zelic R, Secnik J, Johansson B, Winblad B, Eriksdotter M, Religa D. Biting the Bullet: Firearm Ownership in Persons with Dementia. A Registry-Based Observational Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:179-188. [PMID: 33720891 PMCID: PMC8203223 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: In Sweden, 2,296,000 firearms were legally owned by private persons in 2017 and there were 150,000 persons living with a dementia diagnosis. A proportion of these persons owning a firearm may pose safety concerns. Objective: The aim was to describe firearm ownership in persons with dementia in Sweden and examine which characteristics are explaining physicians’ decision to report a person to the police as unsuitable to possess a firearm. Methods: This was a registry-based observational study. 65,717 persons with dementia registered in the Swedish Dementia Registry were included in the study. Logistic regression was used to evaluate which of the persons’ characteristics were most important in predicting the likelihood of being reported as unsuitable to possess a firearm. Relative importance of predictors was quantified using standardized coefficients (SC) and dominance analysis (DA). Results: Out of 53,384 persons with dementia, 1,823 owned a firearm and 419 were reported to the police as unsuitable owners. Firearm owners were predominantly younger, males, living alone, and without assistance of homecare. The most important predictors of being reported to the police were: living with another person (SC = 0.23), frontotemporal dementia (SC = 0.18), antipsychotics prescription (SC = 0.18), being diagnosed in a memory/cognitive clinic (SC = –0.27), female gender (SC = 0.18), mild (SC = –0.25) and moderate (SC = –0.21) dementia, and hypnotics prescription (SC = 0.17). Conclusion: Firearm owners with dementia were mostly younger males who were still living more independent lives. The decision to remove a weapon was not solely based on a diagnosis of dementia but a combination of factors was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Schwertner
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Renata Zelic
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juraj Secnik
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Björn Johansson
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dorota Religa
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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45
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De Lillo M, Brunsdon VEA, Bradford EEF, Gasking F, Ferguson HJ. Training executive functions using an adaptive procedure over 21 days (10 training sessions) and an active control group. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 74:1579-1594. [PMID: 33656380 PMCID: PMC8358555 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211002509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The degree to which executive function (EF) abilities (including working memory [WM], inhibitory control [IC], and cognitive flexibility [CF]) can be enhanced through training is an important question; however, research in this area is inconsistent. Previous cognitive training studies largely agree that training leads to improvements in the trained task, but the generalisability of this improvement to other related tasks remains controversial. In this article, we present a pre-registered experiment that used an adaptive training procedure to examine whether EFs can be enhanced through cognitive training, and directly compared the efficacy and generalisability across sub-components of EF using training programmes that target WM, IC, or CF versus an active control group. Participants (n = 160) first completed a battery of tasks that assessed EFs, then were randomly assigned to one of the four training groups, and completed an adaptive procedure over 21 days (10 training sessions) that targeted a specific sub-component of EF (or was comparatively engaging and challenging, but did not train a specific EF). At post-test, participants returned to the lab to repeat the battery of EF tasks. Results revealed robust direct training effects (i.e., on trained task), but limited evidence to support near (i.e., same EF, different task) and far (i.e., different EF and task) transfer effects. Where indirect training benefits emerged, the effects were more readily attributable to the overlapping training/assessment task routines, rather than more general enhancements to the underlying cognitive processes or neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Lillo
- School of Psychology, Keynes College, University of Kent, Kent, UK
| | | | | | - Frank Gasking
- School of Psychology, Keynes College, University of Kent, Kent, UK
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46
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Yoshimura T, Osaka M, Osawa A, Maeshima S. The classical backward digit span task detects changes in working memory but is unsuitable for classifying the severity of dementia. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2021:1-7. [PMID: 34410864 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1961774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is characterized by the deterioration of working memory (WM). The backward digit span (DS) task and reading span test (RST) are measures of WM. DS task and RST have not been directly compared in assessing dementia. This study aimed to compare the performance of individuals with dementia in forward and backward DS tasks to that in RST. We investigated the ability of forward/backward DS tasks to discriminate dementia severity. Forward/backward DS tasks and RST were performed in 15 elderly Japanese individuals with dementia. Twenty-six and 20 elderly individuals for the DS task and RST, respectively, were included as controls. Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) was used to evaluate dementia severity. DS task scores were significantly correlated with RST scores. Both types of DS tasks correlated with RST, only the RST distinguished dementia severity based on CDR. Our findings indicate that the backward DS task may detect WM decline in dementia, but the RST is more suitable for assessing dementia severity. The backward DS task may be an effective screening measure for dementia signs in the elderly and may be used to identify patients requiring further assessments such as the RST to evaluate dementia severity based on WM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariko Osaka
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aiko Osawa
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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47
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Nikolaev A, Higby E, Hyun J, Lehtonen M, Ashaie S, Hallikainen M, Hänninen T, Soininen H. Production of Inflected Novel Words in Older Adults With and Without Dementia. Cogn Sci 2021; 44:e12879. [PMID: 32761679 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While cognitive changes in aging and neurodegenerative disease have been widely studied, language changes in these populations are less well understood. Inflecting novel words in a language with complex inflectional paradigms provides a good opportunity to observe how language processes change in normal and abnormal aging. Studies of language acquisition suggest that children inflect novel words based on their phonological similarity to real words they already know. It is unclear whether speakers continue to use the same strategy when encountering novel words throughout the lifespan or whether adult speakers apply symbolic rules. We administered a simple speech elicitation task involving Finnish-conforming pseudo-words and real Finnish words to healthy older adults, individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) to investigate inflectional choices in these groups and how linguistic variables and disease severity predict inflection patterns. Phonological resemblance of novel words to both a regular and an irregular inflectional type, as well as bigram frequency of the novel words, significantly influenced participants' inflectional choices for novel words among the healthy elderly group and people with AD. The results support theories of inflection by phonological analogy (single-route models) and contradict theories advocating for formal symbolic rules (dual-route models).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Nikolaev
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki.,School of Languages and Cultures, University of Sheffield
| | - Eve Higby
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, California State University, East Bay.,Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| | - JungMoon Hyun
- Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, Hunter College, The City University of New York
| | - Minna Lehtonen
- Center for Multilingualism in Society Across the Lifespan, Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo
| | - Sameer Ashaie
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Merja Hallikainen
- Kuopio University Hospital.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland
| | | | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland
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48
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Rijpma MG, Shdo SM, Shany-Ur T, Toller G, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Rankin KP. Salience driven attention is pivotal to understanding others' intentions. Cogn Neuropsychol 2021; 38:88-106. [PMID: 33522407 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2020.1868984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting others' beliefs, desires and intentions is known as "theory of mind" (ToM), and is often evaluated using simplified measurement tools, which may not correctly reflect the brain circuits that are required for real-life ToM functioning. We aimed to identify the brain structures necessary to correctly infer intentions from realistic scenarios by administering The Awareness of Social Inference Test, Enriched subtest to 47 patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, 24 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome, 31 patients with Alzheimer's syndrome, and 77 older healthy controls. Neuroimaging data was analyzed using voxel based morphometry, and participants' understanding of intentions was correlated with voxel-wise and region-of interest data. We found that structural integrity of the cinguloinsular cortex in the salience network (SN) was more pivotal for accurate ToM than previously described, emphasizing the importance of the SN for selectively recognizing and attending to social cues during ToM inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe G Rijpma
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M Shdo
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tal Shany-Ur
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gianina Toller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Arias-Trejo N, Luna-Umanzor DI, Angulo-Chavira A, Ríos-Ponce AE, González-González MM, Ramírez-Díaz JF, Sánchez-Reyes M, Marín-García G, Arias-Carrión O. Semantic verbal fluency: network analysis in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2021.1943414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Arias-Trejo
- Psycholinguistics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana I. Luna-Umanzor
- Psycholinguistics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Angulo-Chavira
- Psycholinguistics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma E. Ríos-Ponce
- Psycholinguistics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge F. Ramírez-Díaz
- Psycholinguistics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Minerva Sánchez-Reyes
- Psycholinguistics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Marín-García
- Psycholinguistics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Movement and Sleep Disorder Unit, Dr. Manuel Gea González General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
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Assogna M, Casula EP, Borghi I, Bonnì S, Samà D, Motta C, Di Lorenzo F, D'Acunto A, Porrazzini F, Minei M, Caltagirone C, Martorana A, Koch G. Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide Combined with Luteoline on Frontal Lobe Functions, High Frequency Oscillations, and GABAergic Transmission in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:1297-1308. [PMID: 32623398 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a presenile neurodegenerative disease for which there is no effective pharmacological treatment. Recently, a link has been proposed between neuroinflammation and FTD. OBJECTIVE Here, we aim to investigate the effects of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) combined with luteoline (PEA-LUT), an endocannabinoid with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, on behavior, cognition, and cortical activity in a sample of FTD patients. METHODS Seventeen patients with a diagnosis of probable FTD were enrolled. Cognitive and neurophysiological evaluations were performed at baseline and after 4 weeks of PEA-LUT 700 mg×2/day. Cognitive effects were assessed by Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Screening for Aphasia in Neurodegeneration, Activities of Daily Living-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration-modified Clinical Dementia Rating scale. To investigate in vivo neurophysiological effects of PEA-LUT, we used repetitive and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols assessing LTP-like cortical plasticity, short-interval intracortical inhibition, long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), and short-latency afferent inhibition. Moreover, we used TMS combined with EEG to evaluate the effects on frontal lobe cortical oscillatory activity. RESULTS Treatment with PEA-LUT was associated with an improvement in NPI and FAB scores. Neurophysiological evaluation showed a restoration of LICI, in particular at ISI 100 ms, suggesting a modulation of GABA(B) activity. TMS-EEG showed a remarkable increase of TMS-evoked frontal lobe activity and of high-frequency oscillations in the beta/gamma range. CONCLUSION PEA-LUT could reduce behavioral disturbances and improve frontal lobe functions in FTD patients through the modulation of cortical oscillatory activity and GABA(B)ergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Assogna
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Tor Vergata Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Elias Paolo Casula
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giacomo Koch
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
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