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Burmeister L. COVID-19 and Type 1 Diabetes. Pediatr Ann 2024; 53:e244-e248. [PMID: 38949873 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240502-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about several challenges for pediatric patients that were considerably different than those for adult patients. While adult patients had severe illness with associated respiratory and multiorgan failure and subsequent death, pediatric patients typically had milder disease. There were increases in postinfection complications, including an increased incidence of new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) following COVID-19 infection, particularly in adolescent patients. Currently, there is increasing concern that COVID-19 infection may be contributing to the development of T1D. This review will provide an overview of COVID-19, T1D, and the increased incidence noted during the pandemic, and the proposed mechanism of development of T1D in this specific patient demographic. Future studies will be needed to understand the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on T1D in children and adolescents. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(7):e244-e248.].
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Ferdoush J, Abdul Kadir R, Simay Kaplanoglu S, Osborn M. SARS-CoV-2 and UPS with potentials for therapeutic interventions. Gene 2024; 912:148377. [PMID: 38490508 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), an essential eukaryotic/host/cellular post-translational modification (PTM), plays a critical role in the regulation of diverse cellular functions including regulation of protein stability, immune signaling, antiviral activity, as well as virus replication. Although UPS regulation of viral proteins may be utilized by the host as a defense mechanism to invade viruses, viruses may have adapted to take advantage of the host UPS. This system can be manipulated by viruses such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to stimulate various steps of the viral replication cycle and facilitate pathogenesis, thereby causing the respiratory disease COVID-19. Many SARS-CoV-2 encoded proteins including open reading frame 3a (ORF3a), ORF6, ORF7a, ORF9b, and ORF10 interact with the host's UPS machinery, influencing host immune signaling and apoptosis. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 encoded papain-like protease (PLpro) interferes with the host UPS to facilitate viral replication and to evade the host's immune system. These alterations in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells have been revealed by various proteomic studies, suggesting potential targets for clinical treatment. To provide insight into the underlying causes of COVID-19 and suggest possible directions for therapeutic interventions, this paper reviews the intricate relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and UPS. Promising treatment strategies are also investigated in this paper including targeting PLpro with zinc-ejector drugs, as well as targeting viral non-structural protein (nsp12) via heat treatment associated ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation to reduce viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdoush
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.
| | - Rizwaan Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Selin Simay Kaplanoglu
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Morgan Osborn
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
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3
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Kong X, Wang Q, Wang X, Yang K, Nie S, Li Y, Lao W, Yu X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Ning J, Wang Y, Bi C, Wu C, Zhai A. LINC01002 functions as a ceRNA to regulate FRMD8 by sponging miR-4324 for the development of COVID-19. Virol J 2024; 21:109. [PMID: 38734674 PMCID: PMC11088083 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed various strategies to evade the antiviral impact of type I IFN. Non-structural proteins and auxiliary proteins have been extensively researched on their role in immune escape. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms of structural protein-induced immune evasion have not been well elucidated. METHODS Human alveolar basal epithelial carcinoma cell line (A549) was stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC) and independently transfected with four structural proteins expression plasmids, including nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), membrane (M) and envelope (E) proteins. By RT-qPCR and ELISA, the structural protein with the most pronounced inhibitory effects on IFN-β induction was screened. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and two differential analysis strategies were used to obtain differentially expressed genes associated with N protein inhibition of IFN-β induction. Based on DIANA-LncBase and StarBase databases, the interactive competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network for N protein-associated genes was constructed. By combining single-cell sequencing data (GSE158055), lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis was further determined. Finally, RT-qPCR was utilized to illustrate the regulatory functions among components of the ceRNA axis. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 N protein inhibited IFN-β induction in human alveolar epithelial cells most significantly compared with other structural proteins. RNA-Seq data analysis revealed genes related to N protein inhibiting IFNs induction. The obtained 858 differentially expressed genes formed the reliable ceRNA network. The function of LINC01002-miR-4324-FRMD8 axis in the IFN-dominated immune evasion was further demonstrated through integrating single-cell sequencing data. Moreover, we validated that N protein could reverse the effect of PIC on LINC01002, FRMD8 and miR-4324 expression, and subsequently on IFN-β expression level. And LINC01002 could regulate the production of FRMD8 by inhibiting miR-4324. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 N protein suppressed the induction of IFN-β by regulating LINC01002 which was as a ceRNA, sponging miR-4324 and participating in the regulation of FRMD8 mRNA. Our discovery provides new insights into early intervention therapy and drug development on SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Qinjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Xumeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Kaming Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Shuping Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yuetong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Wanwen Lao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Changlong Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Aixia Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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4
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Shah AU, Hemida MG. The Potential Roles of Host Cell miRNAs in Fine-Tuning Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) Molecular Pathogenesis, Tissue Tropism, and Immune Regulation. Microorganisms 2024; 12:897. [PMID: 38792727 PMCID: PMC11124416 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infection causes significant economic loss to the dairy and beef industries worldwide. BCoV exhibits dual tropism, infecting the respiratory and enteric tracts of cattle. The enteric BCoV isolates could also induce respiratory manifestations under certain circumstances. However, the mechanism of this dual tropism of BCoV infection has not yet been studied well. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and play a dual role in virus infection, mediating virus or modulating host immune regulatory genes through complex virus-host cell interactions. However, their role in BCoV infection remains unclear. This study aims to identify bovine miRNAs crucial for regulating virus-host interaction, influencing tissue tropism, and explore their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents against BCoV. We downloaded 18 full-length BCoV genomes (10 enteric and eight respiratory) from GenBank. We applied several bioinformatic tools to study the host miRNAs targeting various regions in the viral genome. We used the criteria of differential targeting between the enteric/respiratory isolates to identify some critical miRNAs as biological markers for BCoV infection. Using various online bioinformatic tools, we also searched for host miRNA target genes involved in BCoV infection, immune evasion, and regulation. Our results show that four bovine miRNAs (miR-2375, miR-193a-3p, miR-12059, and miR-494) potentially target the BCoV spike protein at multiple sites. These miRNAs also regulate the host immune suppressor pathways, which negatively impacts BCoV replication. Furthermore, we found that bta-(miR-2338, miR-6535, miR-2392, and miR-12054) also target the BCoV genome at certain regions but are involved in regulating host immune signal transduction pathways, i.e., type I interferon (IFN) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathways. Moreover, both miR-2338 and miR-2392 also target host transcriptional factors RORA, YY1, and HLF, which are potential diagnostic markers for BCoV infection. Therefore, miR-2338, miR-6535, miR-2392, and miR-12054 have the potential to fine-tune BCoV tropism and immune evasion and enhance viral pathogenesis. Our results indicate that host miRNAs play essential roles in the BCoV tissue tropism, pathogenesis, and immune regulation. Four bovine miRNAs (miR-2375, bta-miR-193a-3p, bta-miR-12059, and bta-miR-494) target BCoV-S glycoprotein and are potentially involved in several immune suppression pathways during the viral infection. These miRNA candidates could serve as good genetic markers for BCoV infection. However, further studies are urgently needed to validate these identified miRNAs and their target genes in the context of BCoV infection and dual tropism and as genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA;
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5
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Wang Y, Thaler M, Salgado‐Benvindo C, Ly N, Leijs AA, Ninaber DK, Hansbro PM, Boedijono F, van Hemert MJ, Hiemstra PS, van der Does AM, Faiz A. SARS-CoV-2-infected human airway epithelial cell cultures uniquely lack interferon and immediate early gene responses caused by other coronaviruses. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1503. [PMID: 38623540 PMCID: PMC11017760 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of a class of highly pathogenic coronaviruses. The large family of coronaviruses, however, also includes members that cause only mild symptoms, like human coronavirus-229E (HCoV-229E) or OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Unravelling how molecular (and cellular) pathophysiology differs between highly and low pathogenic coronaviruses is important for the development of therapeutic strategies. Methods Here, we analysed the transcriptome of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC), differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) after infection with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV and HCoV-229E using bulk RNA sequencing. Results ALI-PBEC were efficiently infected by all viruses, and SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E infection resulted in a largely similar transcriptional response. The response to SARS-CoV-2 infection differed markedly as it uniquely lacked the increase in expression of immediate early genes, including FOS, FOSB and NR4A1 that was observed with all other coronaviruses. This finding was further confirmed in publicly available experimental and clinical datasets. Interfering with NR4A1 signalling in Calu-3 lung epithelial cells resulted in a 100-fold reduction in extracellular RNA copies of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, suggesting an involvement in virus replication. Furthermore, a lack in induction of interferon-related gene expression characterised the main difference between the highly pathogenic coronaviruses and low pathogenic viruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a previously unknown suppression of a host response gene set by SARS-CoV-2 and confirm a difference in interferon-related gene expression between highly pathogenic and low pathogenic coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of PulmonologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Melissa Thaler
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Nathan Ly
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Anouk A Leijs
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Dennis K Ninaber
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of PulmonologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for InflammationCentenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of ScienceSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Fia Boedijono
- Centre for InflammationCentenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of ScienceSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Martijn J van Hemert
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of PulmonologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Anne M van der Does
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of PulmonologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Alen Faiz
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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Al-Eitan L, Mihyar A, Zhang L, Bisht P, Jaenisch R. Genomic and biological variation in bat IFNs: An antiviral treatment approach. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2488. [PMID: 37921610 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Bat-borne viruses have attracted considerable research, especially in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic. Although bats can carry multiple zoonotic viruses that are lethal to many mammalian species, they appear to be asymptomatic to viral infection despite the high viral loads contained in their bodies. There are several differences between bats and other mammals. One of the major differences between bats and other mammals is the bats' ability to fly, which is believed to have induced evolutionary changes. It may have also favoured them as suitable hosts for viruses. This is related to their tolerance to viral infection. Innate immunity is the first line of defence against viral infection, but bats have metamorphosed the type of responses induced by innate immunity factors such as interferons. The expression patterns of interferons differ, as do those of interferon-related genes such as interferon regulatory factors and interferon-stimulated genes that contribute to the antiviral response of infected cells. In addition, the signalling pathways related to viral infection and immune responses have been subject to evolutionary changes, including mutations compared to their homologues in other mammals and gene selection. This article discusses the differences in the interferon-mediated antiviral response in bats compared to that of other mammals and how these differences are correlated to viral tolerance in bats. The effect of bat interferons related genes on human antiviral response against bat-borne viruses is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Al-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmad Mihyar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Punam Bisht
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Erdogan MA, Turk M, Doganay GD, Sever IH, Ozkul B, Sogut I, Eroglu E, Uyanikgil Y, Erbas O. Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Exposure Induces Autism-Like Neurobehavioral Changes in Male Neonatal Rats. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:573-591. [PMID: 37889404 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent research on placental, embryo, and brain organoids suggests that the COVID-19 virus may potentially affect embryonic organs, including the brain. Given the established link between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neuroinflammation, we sought to investigate the effects of exposure to this protein during pregnancy. We divided pregnant rats into three groups: Group 1 received a 1 ml/kg saline solution, Group 2 received 150 μg/kg adjuvant aluminum hydroxide (AAH), and Group 3 received 40 μg/kg spike protein + 150 μg/kg AAH at 10 and 14 days of gestation. On postnatal day 21 (P21), we randomly separated 60 littermates (10 male-female) into control, AAH-exposed, and spike protein-exposed groups. At P50, we conducted behavioral analyses on these mature animals and performed MR spectroscopy. Subsequently, all animals were sacrificed, and their brains were subject to biochemical and histological analysis. Our findings indicate that male rats exposed to the spike protein displayed a higher rate of impaired performance on behavioral studies, including the three-chamber social test, passive avoidance learning analysis, open field test, rotarod test, and novelty-induced cultivation behavior, indicative of autistic symptoms. Exposure to the spike protein (male) induced gliosis and neuronal cell death in the CA1-CA3 regions of the hippocampus and cerebellum. The spike protein-exposed male rats exhibited significantly greater levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and lactate and lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) than the control group. Our study suggests a potential association between prenatal exposure to COVID-19 spike protein and neurodevelopmental problems, such as ASD. These findings highlight the importance of further research into the potential effects of the COVID-19 virus on embryonic and fetal development and the potential long-term consequences for neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Miray Turk
- Graduate School, Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler Doganay
- Graduate School, Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Sever
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Ozkul
- School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Sogut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Eroglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yigit Uyanikgil
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Bello-Perez M, Hurtado-Tamayo J, Mykytyn AZ, Lamers MM, Requena-Platek R, Schipper D, Muñoz-Santos D, Ripoll-Gómez J, Esteban A, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Enjuanes L, Haagmans BL, Sola I. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 accessory protein is a virulence factor. mBio 2023; 14:e0045123. [PMID: 37623322 PMCID: PMC10653805 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00451-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The relevance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ORF8 in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is unclear. Virus natural isolates with deletions in ORF8 were associated with wild milder disease, suggesting that ORF8 might contribute to SARS-CoV-2 virulence. This manuscript shows that ORF8 is involved in inflammation and in the activation of macrophages in two experimental systems: humanized K18-hACE2 transgenic mice and organoid-derived human airway cells. These results identify ORF8 protein as a potential target for COVID-19 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bello-Perez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Hurtado-Tamayo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Z. Mykytyn
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. M. Lamers
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R. Requena-Platek
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Schipper
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D. Muñoz-Santos
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Ripoll-Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P. J. Sánchez-Cordón
- Veterinary Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Center (CISA), National Institute of Research, Agricultural and Food Technology, Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - L. Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B. L. Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I. Sola
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Pustake M, Giri P, Ganiyani MA, Mumtaz K, Deshmukh K, Saju M, Nunez JV, Orlova N, Das A. Drawing Parallels between SARS, MERS, and COVID-19: A Comparative Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Pathological Features. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:518-524. [PMID: 37662119 PMCID: PMC10470569 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_460_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since November 2019, when the novel coronavirus arose in Wuhan City, over 188 million people worldwide have been infected with COVID-19. It is the third coronavirus outbreak in the twenty-first century. Until now, practically all coronavirus epidemics have occurred due to zoonotic spread from an animal or transitional host or through the consumption of their products. Coronaviruses can infect humans and cause severe illness and even death. Material and Methods This review was designed to help us recognize and harmonize the similarities and differences between these three coronaviridae family members. Result Measures aimed at containing the epidemic should be emphasized in this circumstance. Prioritizing and planning these activities require an understanding of the particulars of these three viruses. Given the pandemic's enormous death toll and rapid spread, we should be cognizant of the parallels and differences between these three viruses. Additionally, this pandemic warns us to be cautious against the possibility of a future pandemic. Conclusion We highlight the fundamental characteristics of coronaviruses that are critical for recognizing coronavirus epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathological features that reveal numerous significant pathological attributes and evolutionary patterns in the viral genome that aid in better understanding and anticipating future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Pustake
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Purushottam Giri
- Department of Community Medicine, IIMSR Medical College, Jalna, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammad Arfat Ganiyani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kahkashan Mumtaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krishna Deshmukh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Michael Saju
- Department of Community Medicine, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Arghadip Das
- Department of Pathology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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10
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Sharifi E, Yousefiasl S, Trovato M, Sartorius R, Esmaeili Y, Goodarzi H, Ghomi M, Bigham A, Moghaddam FD, Heidarifard M, Pourmotabed S, Nazarzadeh Zare E, Paiva-Santos AC, Rabiee N, Wang X, Tay FR. Nanostructures for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of viral respiratory infections: from influenza virus to SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:199. [PMID: 37344894 PMCID: PMC10283343 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a major cause of mortality and socio-economic downfall despite the plethora of biopharmaceuticals designed for their eradication. Conventional antiviral therapies are often ineffective. Live-attenuated vaccines can pose a safety risk due to the possibility of pathogen reversion, whereas inactivated viral vaccines and subunit vaccines do not generate robust and sustained immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of strategies that combine nanotechnology concepts with the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral infectious diseases. The present review provides a comprehensive introduction to the different strains of viruses involved in respiratory diseases and presents an overview of recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of viral infections based on nanotechnology concepts and applications. Discussions in diagnostic/therapeutic nanotechnology-based approaches will be focused on H1N1 influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza virus type 3 infections, as well as COVID-19 infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus Delta variant and new emerging Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran.
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Trovato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Goodarzi
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Départment d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matineh Ghomi
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-45667, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maryam Heidarifard
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Départment d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samiramis Pourmotabed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | | | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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11
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Feizollahi P, Zamanian MH, Falahi S, Salari F, Mahmoudi Z, Faryadi E, Gorgin Karaji A, Rezaiemanesh A. Association of IFIH1 and DDX58 genes polymorphism with susceptibility to COVID-19. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023:10.1007/s00430-023-00764-x. [PMID: 37308752 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-023-00764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system, such as RIG-I and MDA5, are responsible for recognizing viruses and inducing interferon production. Genetic polymorphisms in the coding regions of RLR may be associated with the severity of COVID-19. Considering the contribution of the RLR signaling in immune-mediated reactions, this study investigated the association between three SNP in the coding region of IFIH1 and DDX58 genes with the susceptibility to COVID-19 in the Kermanshah population, Iran. 177 patients with severe and 182 with mild COVID-19 were admitted for this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of patients to determine the genotypes of two SNPs, rs1990760(C>T) and rs3747517(T>C) IFIH1 gene and rs10813831(G>A) DDX58 gene using PCR-RFLP method. Our results showed that the frequency of the AA genotype of rs10813831(G>A) was associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 compared to the GG genotype (p = 0.017, OR = 2.593, 95% CI 1.173-5.736). We also observed a statistically significant difference in the recessive model for SNPs rs10813831 variant (AA versus GG + GA, p = 0.003, OR = 2.901, 95% CI 1.405-6.103). Furthermore, No significant association was found between rs1990760 (C>T) and rs3747517(T>C) of IFIH1 gene polymorphisms with COVID-19. Our findings suggest that DDX58 rs10813831(A>G) polymorphism may be associated with COVID-19 severity in the Kermanshah population, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Feizollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Zamanian
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sara Falahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Faryadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran.
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12
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Cao D, Duan L, Huang B, Xiong Y, Zhang G, Huang H. The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease suppresses type I interferon responses by deubiquitinating STING. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadd0082. [PMID: 37130168 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro), which has deubiquitinating activity, suppresses the type I interferon (IFN-I) antiviral response. We investigated the mechanism by which PLpro antagonizes cellular antiviral responses. In HEK392T cells, PLpro removed K63-linked polyubiquitin chains from Lys289 of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). PLpro-mediated deubiquitination of STING disrupted the STING-IKKε-IRF3 complex that induces the production of IFN-β and IFN-stimulated cytokines and chemokines. In human airway cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, the combined treatment with the STING agonist diABZi and the PLpro inhibitor GRL0617 resulted in the synergistic inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and increased IFN-I responses. The PLpros of seven human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-NL63) and four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (α, β, γ, and δ) all bound to STING and suppressed STING-stimulated IFN-I responses in HEK293T cells. These findings reveal how SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibits IFN-I signaling through STING deubiquitination and a general mechanism used by seven human coronaviral PLpros to dysregulate STING and to facilitate viral innate immune evasion. We also identified simultaneous pharmacological STING activation and PLpro inhibition as a potentially effective strategy for antiviral therapy against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lian Duan
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, PR China
| | - Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yuxian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Ubiquitination and Targeted Therapy, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518132, China
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13
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Larenas-Linnemann D, Morfin-Maciel BM, Bedolla-Barajas M, López-Bago A, Navarrete Rodríguez EM, Mogica-Martínez MD, Gereda JE, Sarrazola Sanjuan M, Cano Pedroza RY, Cavallo MC, Romero Tapia SDJ, Jossen RA, Fuentes Pérez JM, Del Rio Navarro BE, Rodríguez Zagal E, Piraino Sosa PA, Huerta Villalobos YR, Chavez-Vereau P, García Imperial DA, Olivares Gómez M, Valle Rodríguez F, Zuñiga Reyes CO, Rodríguez-González M, Gallego Corella CI, Ivancevich JC, García Cruz MDLLH, Repka-Ramirez MS, Flores Morales ME, Fernández De Córdova Aguirre JC, Luna-Pech JA, Rivero Yeverino D, Martínez Guzmán E, Pérez Ortiz CE, Villa Médica L. Aeroallergen immunotherapy associated with reduced risk of severe COVID-19 in 1095 allergic patients. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100779. [PMID: 37251811 PMCID: PMC10154540 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) brings along changes in the immune system, restoring dendritic cell function, reducing T2 inflammation and augmenting the regulatory cell activation. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, interferes with the immune system causing immune suppression during the first phase and over-activation in more advanced disease. We decided to explore the interaction of both in a real-world observational trial. Methods We registered COVID-19 outcomes in patients with allergic disorders in Latin America, treated with and without AIT. The registry was conducted during the first 1.3 years of the pandemic, with most of the data collected before COVID-19 vaccination was concluded in most countries. Data collection was anonymous via a web-based instrument. Ten countries participated. Results 630/1095 (57.6%) of the included patients received AIT. Compared to patients without AIT, those treated with AIT had a reduced risk ratio (RR) for COVID-19 lower respiratory symptoms (RR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.6703-0.9024; p = 0.001662) and need for oxygen therapy (RR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.4217-0.9992; p = 0.048). In adherent patients on maintenance sublingual immunotherapy/subcutaneous immunotherapy (SLIT/SCIT) the RR reduction was larger [RR = 0.6136 (95% CI 0.4623-0.8143; p < 0.001) and RR: 0.3495 (95% CI 0.1822-0.6701; p < 0.005), respectively]. SLIT was slightly more effective (NS). We excluded age, comorbidities, level of health care attendance, and type of allergic disorder as confounders, although asthma was related to a higher frequency of severe disease. When analyzing patients with allergic asthma (n = 503) the RR reduction favoring AIT was more pronounced with 30% for lower respiratory symptoms or worse (RR 0.6914, 95% CI 0.5264 to 0.9081, p = 0.0087) and 51% for need of oxygen therapy or worse (RR 0.4868, 95% CI 0.2829-0.8376, p = 0.0082). Among severe allergic patients treated with biologics (n = 24) only 2/24 needed oxygen therapy. There were no critical cases among them. Conclusion In our registry AIT was associated with reduced COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana López-Bago
- Facultad de medicina, Universidad Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - María Cecilia Cavallo
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital San Martín, Paraná ER Argentina
| | | | | | - José Miguel Fuentes Pérez
- Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca E Del Rio Navarro
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - María Susana Repka-Ramirez
- Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Department, Hospital de Clínicas-FCM, Universidad Nacional, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Jorge A Luna-Pech
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
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14
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De Rose DU, Pace PG, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Dotta A, Andreoni M, Sarmati L, Iannetta M. T Lymphocyte Subset Counts and Interferon-Gamma Production in Adults and Children with COVID-19: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050755. [PMID: 37240926 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults and children exhibit a broad range of clinical outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection, with minimal to mild symptoms, especially in the pediatric age. However, some children present with a severe hyperinflammatory post-infectious complication named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), mainly affecting previously healthy subjects. Understanding these differences is still an ongoing challenge, that can lead to new therapeutic strategies and avoid unfavorable outcomes. In this review, we discuss the different roles of T lymphocyte subsets and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the immune responses of adults and children. Lymphopenia can influence these responses and represent a good predictor for the outcome, as reported by most authors. The increased IFN-γ response exhibited by children could be the starting point for the activation of a broad response that leads to MIS-C, with a significantly higher risk than in adults, although a single IFN signature has not been identified. Multicenter studies with large cohorts in both age groups are still needed to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis with new tools and to understand how is possible to better modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Umberto De Rose
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
- PhD Course in Microbiology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, and Transplants (MIMIT), Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Pace
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of System Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University and Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Dotta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of System Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University and Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of System Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University and Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of System Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University and Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
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15
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Liu X, Yuan L, Chen J, Zhang Y, Chen P, Zhou M, Xie J, Ma J, Zhang J, Wu K, Tang Q, Yuan Q, Zhu H, Cheng T, Guan Y, Liu G, Xia N. Antiviral Nanobiologic Therapy Remodulates Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronavirus. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207249. [PMID: 37096860 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic coronavirus (CoV) infection induces a defective innate antiviral immune response coupled with the dysregulated release of proinflammatory cytokines and finally results in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A timely and appropriate triggering of innate antiviral response is crucial to inhibit viral replication and prevent ARDS. However, current medical countermeasures can rarely meet this urgent demand. Here, an antiviral nanobiologic named CoVR-MV is developed, which is polymerized of CoVs receptors based on a biomimetic membrane vesicle system. The designed CoVR-MV interferes with the viral infection by absorbing the viruses with maximized viral spike target interface, and mediates the clearance of the virus through its inherent interaction with macrophages. Furthermore, CoVR-MV coupled with the virus promotes a swift production and signaling of endogenous type I interferon via deregulating 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation in macrophages. These sequential processes re-modulate the innate immune responses to the virus, trigger spontaneous innate antiviral defenses, and rescue infected Syrian hamsters from ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2 and all tested variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lunzhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jijing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peiwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU/HKU), Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huachen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU/HKU), Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU/HKU), Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health & School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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16
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Zheng L, Liu H, Tian Z, Kay M, Wang H, Cheng L, Xia W, Zhang J, Wang W, Cao H, Xu X, Gao Z, Geng R, Wu Z, Zhang H. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) ORF3 protein inhibits cellular type I interferon signaling through down-regulating proteins expression in RLRs-mediated pathway. Res Vet Sci 2023; 159:146-159. [PMID: 37148734 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an entero-pathogenic coronavirus, which belongs to the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, causing lethal watery diarrhea in piglets. Previous studies have shown that PEDV has developed an antagonistic mechanism by which it evades the antiviral activities of interferon (IFN), such as the sole accessory protein open reading frame 3 (ORF3) being found to inhibit IFN-β promoter activities, but how this mechanism used by PEDV ORF3 inhibits activation of the type I signaling pathway remains not fully understood. Thus, in this present study, we showed that PEDV ORF3 inhibited both polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))- and IFNα2b-stimulated transcription of IFN-β and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) mRNAs. The expression levels of antiviral proteins in the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs)-mediated pathway was down-regulated in cells with over-expression of PEDV ORF3 protein, but global protein translation remained unchanged and the association of ORF3 with RLRs-related antiviral proteins was not detected, implying that ORF3 only specifically suppressed the expression of these signaling molecules. At the same time, we also found that the PEDV ORF3 protein inhibited interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation and poly(I:C)-induced nuclear translocation of IRF3, which further supported the evidence that type I IFN production was abrogated by PEDV ORF3 through interfering with RLRs signaling. Furthermore, PEDV ORF3 counteracted transcription of IFN-β and ISGs mRNAs, which were triggered by over-expression of signal proteins in the RLRs-mediated pathway. However, to our surprise, PEDV ORF3 initially induced, but subsequently reduced the transcription of IFN-β and ISGs mRNAs to normal levels. Additionally, mRNA transcriptional levels of signaling molecules located at IFN-β upstream were not inhibited, but elevated by PEDV ORF3 protein. Collectively, these results demonstrate that inhibition of type I interferon signaling by PEDV ORF3 can be realized through down-regulating the expression of signal molecules in the RLRs-mediated pathway, but not via inhibiting their mRNAs transcription. This study points to a new mechanism evolved by PEDV through blockage of the RLRs-mediated pathway by ORF3 protein to circumvent the host's antiviral immunity.
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17
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Lu H, Liu Z, Deng X, Chen S, Zhou R, Zhao R, Parandaman R, Thind A, Henley J, Tian L, Yu J, Comai L, Feng P, Yuan W. Potent NKT cell ligands overcome SARS-CoV-2 immune evasion to mitigate viral pathogenesis in mouse models. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011240. [PMID: 36961850 PMCID: PMC10128965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major pathogenesis mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 is its potent suppression of innate immunity, including blocking the production of type I interferons. However, it is unknown whether and how the virus interacts with different innate-like T cells, including NKT, MAIT and γδ T cells. Here we reported that upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, invariant NKT (iNKT) cells rapidly trafficked to infected lung tissues from the periphery. We discovered that the envelope (E) protein of SARS-CoV-2 efficiently down-regulated the cell surface expression of the antigen-presenting molecule, CD1d, to suppress the function of iNKT cells. E protein is a small membrane protein and a viroporin that plays important roles in virion packaging and envelopment during viral morphogenesis. We showed that the transmembrane domain of E protein was responsible for suppressing CD1d expression by specifically reducing the level of mature, post-ER forms of CD1d, suggesting that it suppressed the trafficking of CD1d proteins and led to their degradation. Point mutations demonstrated that the putative ion channel function was required for suppression of CD1d expression and inhibition of the ion channel function using small chemicals rescued the CD1d expression. Importantly, we discovered that among seven human coronaviruses, only E proteins from highly pathogenic coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS suppressed CD1d expression, whereas the E proteins of human common cold coronaviruses, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1, did not. These results suggested that E protein-mediated evasion of NKT cell function was likely an important pathogenesis factor, enhancing the virulence of these highly pathogenic coronaviruses. Remarkably, activation of iNKT cells with their glycolipid ligands, both prophylactically and therapeutically, overcame the putative viral immune evasion, significantly mitigated viral pathogenesis and improved host survival in mice. Our results suggested a novel NKT cell-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjia Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Graduate Programs in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Zhewei Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xiangxue Deng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Siyang Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ruiting Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rongqi Zhao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ramya Parandaman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amarjot Thind
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jill Henley
- The Hastings and Wright Laboratories, Keck School of Medicine, University Southern California, California, United States of America
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- The Hastings and Wright Laboratories, Keck School of Medicine, University Southern California, California, United States of America
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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18
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Oleinik LA, Madonov PG, Pykhtina MB. Potential of Interferon Lambda as an Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2. Mol Biol 2023; 57:291-298. [PMID: 37128210 PMCID: PMC10131541 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893323020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study provides an overview of scientific results on the feasibility of using type III interferons against SARS-CoV-2. We have analyzed data obtained from the PubMed electronic database for the period 2020‒2022. The results of our own studies of pharmacological substances based on recombinant IFN-λ1 and its pegylated form are also presented. Completed and ongoing investigations allow us to position IFN-λ as an effective therapeutic agent against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Oleinik
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymрhology—Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P. G. Madonov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymрhology—Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M. B. Pykhtina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymрhology—Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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19
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Alipoor R, Ranjbar R. Small-molecule metabolites in SARS-CoV-2 treatment: a comprehensive review. Biol Chem 2022; 404:569-584. [PMID: 36490203 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has quickly spread all over the world. In this respect, traditional medicinal chemistry, repurposing, and computational approaches have been exploited to develop novel medicines for treating this condition. The effectiveness of chemicals and testing methods in the identification of new promising therapies, and the extent of preparedness for future pandemics, have been further highly advantaged by recent breakthroughs in introducing noble small compounds for clinical testing purposes. Currently, numerous studies are developing small-molecule (SM) therapeutic products for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, as well as managing the disease-related outcomes. Transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2)-inhibiting medicinal products can thus prevent the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 into the cells, and constrain its spreading along with the morbidity and mortality due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly when co-administered with inhibitors such as chloroquine (CQ) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). The present review demonstrates that the clinical-stage therapeutic agents, targeting additional viral proteins, might improve the effectiveness of COVID-19 treatment if applied as an adjuvant therapy side-by-side with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alipoor
- Student Research Committee , Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences , Bandar Abbas , Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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20
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Silva AVBDA, Campanati JDEAG, Barcelos IDES, Santos ACL, Deus UPDE, Soares TDEJ, Amaral LSDEB. COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury - Direct and Indirect Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Lesion Development. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211501. [PMID: 36477239 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Although the respiratory system is the main target of COVID-19, the disease can affect other organs, including the kidneys. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), commonly seen in patients infected with COVID-19, has a multifactorial cause. Several studies associate this injury with the direct involvement of the virus in renal cells and the indirect damage stimulated by the infection. The direct cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 are due to the entry and replication of the virus in renal cells, changing several regulatory pathways, especially the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), with repercussions on the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Furthermore, the virus can deregulate the immune system, leading to an exaggerated response of inflammatory cells, characterizing the state of hypercytokinemia. The such exaggerated inflammatory response is commonly associated with hemodynamic changes, reduced renal perfusion, tissue hypoxia, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endothelial damage, and coagulopathies, which can result in severe damage to the renal parenchyma. Thereby, understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of kidney injuries induced by SARS-COV-2 is of fundamental importance to obtaining new therapeutic insights for the prevention and management of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio V B DA Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - João DE A G Campanati
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Isadora DE S Barcelos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Alberto C L Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Uildson P DE Deus
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Telma DE J Soares
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Liliany S DE B Amaral
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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21
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Arabi YM, Asiri AY, Assiri AM, Abdullah ML, Aljami HA, Balkhy HH, Al Jeraisy M, Mandourah Y, AlJohani S, Al Harbi S, Jokhdar HAA, Deeb AM, Memish ZA, Jose J, Ghazal S, Al Faraj S, Al Mekhlafi GA, Sherbeeni NM, Elzein FE, Hayden FG, Fowler RA, AlMutairi BM, Al-Dawood A, Alharbi NK. Heterogeneity of treatment effect of interferon-β1b and lopinavir-ritonavir in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome by cytokine levels. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18186. [PMID: 36307462 PMCID: PMC9616407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and human data indicate variable effects of interferons in treating coronavirus infections according to inflammatory status and timing of therapy. In this sub-study of the MIRACLE trial (MERS-CoV Infection Treated with a Combination of Lopinavir-Ritonavir and Interferon β-1b), we evaluated the heterogeneity of treatment effect of interferon-β1b and lopinavir-ritonavir versus placebo among hospitalized patients with MERS on 90-day mortality, according to cytokine levels and timing of therapy. We measured plasma levels of 17 cytokines at enrollment and tested the treatment effect on 90-day mortality according to cytokine levels (higher versus lower levels using the upper tertile (67%) as a cutoff point) and time to treatment (≤ 7 days versus > 7 days of symptom onset) using interaction tests. Among 70 included patients, 32 received interferon-β1b and lopinavir-ritonavir and 38 received placebo. Interferon-β1b and lopinavir-ritonavir reduced mortality in patients with lower IL-2, IL-8 and IL-13 plasma concentrations but not in patients with higher levels (p-value for interaction = 0.09, 0.07, and 0.05, respectively) and with early but not late therapy (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant heterogeneity of treatment effect according to other cytokine levels. Further work is needed to evaluate whether the assessment of inflammatory status can help in identifying patients with MERS who may benefit from interferon-β1b and lopinavir-ritonavir. Trial registration: This is a sub-study of the MIRACLE trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02845843).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen M. Arabi
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ,grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, ICU 1425, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed Y. Asiri
- grid.440269.dIntensive Care Department, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Assiri
- grid.415696.90000 0004 0573 9824Infection Prevention and Control, Preventive Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashan L. Abdullah
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya A. Aljami
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan H. Balkhy
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Majed Al Jeraisy
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Mandourah
- grid.415989.80000 0000 9759 8141Military Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameera AlJohani
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shmeylan Al Harbi
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani A. Aziz Jokhdar
- grid.415696.90000 0004 0573 9824Deputyship for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M. Deeb
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A. Memish
- grid.411335.10000 0004 1758 7207Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jesna Jose
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662Department Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameeh Ghazal
- grid.440269.dPrince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Al Faraj
- grid.440269.dPrince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaleb A. Al Mekhlafi
- Intensive Care Department, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisreen Murad Sherbeeni
- grid.415989.80000 0000 9759 8141Infectious Diseases Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatehi Elnour Elzein
- grid.415989.80000 0000 9759 8141Infectious Diseases Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frederick G. Hayden
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Robert A. Fowler
- grid.416745.5Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Badriah M. AlMutairi
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Dawood
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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22
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da Silva SJR, do Nascimento JCF, Germano Mendes RP, Guarines KM, Targino Alves da Silva C, da Silva PG, de Magalhães JJF, Vigar JRJ, Silva-Júnior A, Kohl A, Pardee K, Pena L. Two Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1758-1814. [PMID: 35940589 PMCID: PMC9380879 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and virulent human-infecting coronavirus that emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, causing a respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has massively impacted global public health and caused widespread disruption to daily life. The crisis caused by COVID-19 has mobilized scientists and public health authorities across the world to rapidly improve our knowledge about this devastating disease, shedding light on its management and control, and spawned the development of new countermeasures. Here we provide an overview of the state of the art of knowledge gained in the last 2 years about the virus and COVID-19, including its origin and natural reservoir hosts, viral etiology, epidemiology, modes of transmission, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, emerging variants, and vaccines, highlighting important differences from previously known highly pathogenic coronaviruses. We also discuss selected key discoveries from each topic and underline the gaps of knowledge for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severino Jefferson Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE), Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jessica Catarine Frutuoso do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE), Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Renata Pessôa Germano Mendes
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE), Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Klarissa Miranda Guarines
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE), Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Caroline Targino Alves da Silva
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE), Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Poliana Gomes da Silva
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE), Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jurandy Júnior Ferraz de Magalhães
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE), Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Virology, Pernambuco State Central Laboratory (LACEN/PE), 52171-011 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,University of Pernambuco (UPE), Serra Talhada Campus, 56909-335 Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Public Health Laboratory of the XI Regional Health, 56912-160 Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Justin R J Vigar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Pardee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Lindomar Pena
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE), Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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23
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Mohamed Y, El-Maradny YA, Saleh AK, Nayl AA, El-Gendi H, El-Fakharany EM. A comprehensive insight into current control of COVID-19: Immunogenicity, vaccination, and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113499. [PMID: 36076589 PMCID: PMC9343749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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24
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Skaarup KG, Lassen MCH, Espersen C, Lind JN, Johansen ND, Sengeløv M, Alhakak AS, Nielsen AB, Ravnkilde K, Hauser R, Schöps LB, Holt E, Bundgaard H, Hassager C, Jabbari R, Carlsen J, Kirk O, Bodtger U, Lindholm MG, Wiese L, Kristiansen OP, Walsted ES, Nielsen OW, Lindegaard B, Tønder N, Jeschke KN, Ulrik CS, Lamberts M, Sivapalan P, Pallisgaard J, Gislason G, Iversen K, Jensen JUS, Schou M, Skaarup SH, Platz E, Biering-Sørensen T. Lung ultrasound findings in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to venous thromboembolic events: the ECHOVID-19 study. J Ultrasound 2022; 25:457-467. [PMID: 34213740 PMCID: PMC8249836 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-021-00605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have reported thromboembolic events to be common in severe COVID-19 cases. We sought to investigate the relationship between lung ultrasound (LUS) findings in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the development of venous thromboembolic events (VTE). METHODS A total of 203 adults were included from a COVID-19 ward in this prospective multi-center study (mean age 68.6 years, 56.7% men). All patients underwent 8-zone LUS, and all ultrasound images were analyzed off-line blinded. Several LUS findings were investigated (total number of B-lines, B-line score, and LUS-scores). RESULTS Median time from admission to LUS examination was 4 days (IQR: 2, 8). The median number of B-lines was 12 (IQR: 8, 18), and 44 (21.7%) had a positive B-line score. During hospitalization, 17 patients developed VTE (4 deep-vein thrombosis, 15 pulmonary embolism), 12 following and 5 prior to LUS. In fully adjusted multivariable Cox models (excluding participants with VTE prior to LUS), all LUS parameters were significantly associated with VTE (total number of B-lines: HR = 1.14, 95% CI (1.03, 1.26) per 1 B-line increase), positive B-line score: HR = 9.79, 95% CI (1.87, 51.35), and LUS-score: HR = 1.51, 95% CI (1.10, 2.07), per 1-point increase). The B-line score and LUS-score remained significantly associated with VTE in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION In hospitalized COVID-19 patients, pathological LUS findings were common, and the total number of B-lines, B-line score, and LUS-score were all associated with VTE. These findings indicate that the LUS examination may be useful in risk stratification and the clinical management of COVID-19. These findings should be considered hypothesis generating. CLINICALTRIALS GOV ID NCT04377035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Grundtvig Skaarup
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Mats Christian Højbjerg Lassen
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Caroline Espersen
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jannie Nørgaard Lind
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Niklas Dyrby Johansen
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Morten Sengeløv
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Alia Saed Alhakak
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Anne Bjerg Nielsen
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Kirstine Ravnkilde
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Raphael Hauser
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Liv Borum Schöps
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Eva Holt
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Reza Jabbari
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jørn Carlsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ole Kirk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Uffe Bodtger
- Department of Respiratory and Internal Medicine, Næstved-Slagelse Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matias Greve Lindholm
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lothar Wiese
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ole Peter Kristiansen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Emil Schwarz Walsted
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Olav Wendelboe Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Niels Tønder
- Department of Cardiology, Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Klaus Nielsen Jeschke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amager Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suppli Ulrik
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amager Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Morten Lamberts
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Pradeesh Sivapalan
- Department of Medicine, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jannik Pallisgaard
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jens Ulrik Stæhr Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Morten Schou
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Søren Helbo Skaarup
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elke Platz
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens vej 65, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
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Zhong Y, Ashley CL, Steain M, Ataide SF. Assessing the suitability of long non-coding RNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:975322. [PMID: 36052163 PMCID: PMC9424846 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.975322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts that are over 200 nucleotides and rarely encode proteins or peptides. They regulate gene expression and protein activities and are heavily involved in many cellular processes such as cytokine secretion in respond to viral infection. In severe COVID-19 cases, hyperactivation of the immune system may cause an abnormally sharp increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which leads to severe tissue damage or even organ failure, raising COVID-19 mortality rate. In this review, we assessed the correlation between lncRNAs expression and cytokine release syndrome by comparing lncRNA profiles between COVID-19 patients and health controls, as well as between severe and non-severe cases. We also discussed the role of lncRNAs in CRS contributors and showed that the lncRNA profiles display consistency with patients’ clinic symptoms, thus suggesting the potential of lncRNAs as drug targets or biomarkers in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caroline L. Ashley
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan Steain
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandro Fernandes Ataide
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sandro Fernandes Ataide,
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26
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Abdelhamid AG, Faraone JN, Evans JP, Liu SL, Yousef AE. SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Foodborne Pathogens: Intriguing Commonalities and Obvious Differences. Pathogens 2022; 11:837. [PMID: 36014958 PMCID: PMC9415055 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in tremendous human and economic losses around the globe. The pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus that is closely related to SARS-CoV and other human and animal coronaviruses. Although foodborne diseases are rarely of pandemic proportions, some of the causative agents emerge in a manner remarkably similar to what was observed recently with SARS-CoV-2. For example, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), the most common cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome, shares evolution, pathogenesis, and immune evasion similarities with SARS-CoV-2. Both agents evolved over time in animal hosts, and during infection, they bind to specific receptors on the host cell's membrane and develop host adaptation mechanisms. Mechanisms such as point mutations and gene loss/genetic acquisition are the main driving forces for the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and STEC. Both pathogens affect multiple body organs, and the resulting diseases are not completely cured with non-vaccine therapeutics. However, SARS-CoV-2 and STEC obviously differ in the nature of the infectious agent (i.e., virus vs. bacterium), disease epidemiological details (e.g., transmission vehicle and symptoms onset time), and disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 triggered a global pandemic while STEC led to limited, but sometimes serious, disease outbreaks. The current review compares several key aspects of these two pathogenic agents, including the underlying mechanisms of emergence, the driving forces for evolution, pathogenic mechanisms, and the host immune responses. We ask what can be learned from the emergence of both infectious agents in order to alleviate future outbreaks or pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Abdelhamid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Julia N. Faraone
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.N.F.); (J.P.E.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P. Evans
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.N.F.); (J.P.E.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ahmed E. Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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27
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Chen P, Zhu J, Yu J, Liu R, Lao M, Yu L, Gao F, Jiang Y, Liu C, Tong W, Liu H, Tong G, Zhou Y. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain FJzz1 infection induces type I/III IFNs production through RLRs and TLRs-mediated signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984448. [PMID: 35958569 PMCID: PMC9357978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) including type I/III IFNs are the major components of the host innate immune response against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection, and several viral proteins have been identified to antagonize type I/III IFNs productions through diverse strategies. However, the modulation of PEDV infection upon the activation of the host’s innate immune response has not been fully characterized. In this study, we observed that various IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were upregulated significantly in a time- and dose-dependent manner in LLC-PK1 cells infected with the PEDV G2 strain FJzz1. The transcriptions of IRF9 and STAT1 were increased markedly in the late stage of FJzz1 infection and the promotion of the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1, implicating the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway during FJzz1 infection. In addition, abundant type I/III IFNs were produced after FJzz1 infection. However, type I/III IFNs and ISGs decreased greatly in FJzz1-infected LLC-PK1 cells following the silencing of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), including RIG-I and MDA5, and the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) adaptors, MyD88 and TRIF. Altogether, FJzz1 infection induces the production of type-I/III IFNs in LLC-PK1 cells, in which RLRs and TLRs signaling pathways are involved, followed by the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling cascade, triggering the production of numerous ISGs to exert antiviral effects of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Junrui Zhu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarong Yu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Liu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqin Lao
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guangzhi Tong, ; Yanjun Zhou,
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangzhi Tong, ; Yanjun Zhou,
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Characterization of Clinical Features of Hospitalized Patients Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Absence of Comorbidities Regarding the Sex: An Epidemiological Study of the First Year of the Pandemic in Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158895. [PMID: 35897265 PMCID: PMC9331852 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The male sex, due to the presence of genetic, immunological, hormonal, social, and environmental factors, is associated with higher severity and death in Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. We conducted an epidemiological study to characterize the COVID-19 clinical profile, severity, and outcome according to sex in patients with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to the fact of this disease. We carried out an epidemiological analysis using epidemiological data made available by the OpenDataSUS, which stores information about SARS in Brazil. We recorded the features of the patients admitted to the hospital for SARS treatment due to the presence of COVID-19 (in the absence of comorbidities) and associated these characteristics with sex and risk of death. The study comprised 336,463 patients, 213,151 of whom were men. Male patients presented a higher number of clinical signs, for example, fever (OR = 1.424; 95%CI = 1.399−1.448), peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 95% (OR = 1.253; 95%CI = 1.232−1.274), and dyspnea (OR = 1.146; 95%CI = 1.125−1.166) as well as greater need for admission in intensive care unit (ICU, OR = 1.189; 95%CI = 1.168−1.210), and the use of invasive ventilatory support (OR = 1.306; 95%CI = 1.273−1.339) and noninvasive ventilatory support (OR = 1.238; 95%CI = 1.216−1.260) when compared with female patients. Curiously, the male sex was associated only with a small increase in the risk of death when compared with the female sex (OR = 1.041; 95%CI = 1.023−1.060). We did a secondary analysis to identify the main predictors of death. In that sense, the multivariate analysis enabled the prediction of the risk of death, and the male sex was one of the predictors (OR = 1.101; 95%CI = 1.011−1.199); however, with a small effect size. In addition, other factors also contributed to this prediction and presented a great effect size, they are listed below: older age (61−72 years old (OR = 15.778; 95%CI = 1.865−133.492), 73−85 years old (OR = 31.978; 95%CI = 3.779−270.600), and +85 years old (OR = 68.385; 95%CI = 8.164−589.705)); race (Black (OR = 1.247; 95%CI = 1.016−1.531), Pardos (multiracial background; OR = 1.585; 95%CI = 1.450−1.732), and Indigenous (OR = 3.186; 95%CI = 1.927−5.266)); clinical signs (for instance, dyspnea (OR = 1.231; 95%CI = 1.110−1.365) and SpO2 < 95% (OR = 1.367; 95%CI = 1.238−1.508)); need for admission in the ICU (OR = 3.069; 95%CI = 2.789−3.377); and for ventilatory support (invasive (OR = 10.174; 95%CI = 8.803−11.759) and noninvasive (OR = 1.609; 95%CI = 1.438−1.800)). In conclusion, in Brazil, male patients tend to present the phenotype of higher severity in COVID-19, however, with a small effect on the risk of death.
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Sun W. Host-Genome Similarity Characterizes the Adaption of SARS-CoV-2 to Humans. Biomolecules 2022; 12:972. [PMID: 35883528 PMCID: PMC9312508 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a high mutation rate and many variants have emerged in the last 2 years, including Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma and Omicron. Studies showed that the host-genome similarity (HGS) of SARS-CoV-2 is higher than SARS-CoV and the HGS of open reading frame (ORF) in coronavirus genome is closely related to suppression of innate immunity. Many works have shown that ORF 6 and ORF 8 of SARS-CoV-2 play an important role in suppressing IFN-β signaling pathway in vivo. However, the relation between HGS and the adaption of SARS-CoV-2 variants is still not clear. This work investigates HGS of SARS-CoV-2 variants based on a dataset containing more than 40,000 viral genomes. The relation between HGS of viral ORFs and the suppression of antivirus response is studied. The results show that ORF 7b, ORF 6 and ORF 8 are the top 3 genes with the highest HGS. In the past 2 years, the HGS values of ORF 8 and ORF 7B of SARS-CoV-2 have increased greatly. A remarkable correlation is discovered between HGS and inhibition of antivirus response of immune system, which suggests that the similarity between coronavirus and host gnome may be an indicator of the suppression of innate immunity. Among the five variants (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma and Omicron), Delta has the highest HGS and Omicron has the lowest HGS. This finding implies that the high HGS in Delta variant may indicate further suppression of host innate immunity. However, the relatively low HGS of Omicron is still a puzzle. By comparing the mutations in genomes of Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants, a commonly shared mutation ACT > ATT is identified in high-HGS strain populations. The high HGS mutations among the three variants are quite different. This finding strongly suggests that mutations in high HGS strains are different in different variants. Only a few common mutations survive, which may play important role in improving the adaptability of SARS-CoV-2. However, the mechanism for how the mutations help SARS-CoV-2 escape immunity is still unclear. HGS analysis is a new method to study virus−host interaction and may provide a way to understand the rapid mutation and adaption of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Sun
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Zhou Pei-Yuan Center for Applied Mathematics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Dos Santos JDMB, do Amaral JB, França CN, Monteiro FR, Alvares-Saraiva AM, Kalil S, Durigon EL, Oliveira DBL, Rodrigues SS, Heller D, Welter EAR, Pinho JRR, Vieira RP, Bachi ALL. Distinct Immunological Profiles Help in the Maintenance of Salivary Secretory IgA Production in Mild Symptoms COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890887. [PMID: 35686128 PMCID: PMC9171398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Relevant aspects regarding the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the systemic immune response to this infection have been reported. However, the mucosal immune response of the upper airways two months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with mild/moderate symptoms is still not completely described. Therefore, we investigated the immune/inflammatory responses of the mucosa of the upper airways of mild/moderate symptom COVID-19 patients two months after the SARS-CoV-2 infection in comparison to a control group composed of non-COVID-19 healthy individuals. Methods A cohort of 80 volunteers (age 37.2 ± 8.2), including non-COVID-19 healthy individuals (n=24) and COVID-19 patients (n=56) who presented mild/moderate symptoms during a COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil in November and December of 2020. Saliva samples were obtained two months after the COVID-19 diagnosis to assess the levels of SIgA by ELISA and the cytokines by multiplex analysis. Results Salivary levels of SIgA were detected in 39 volunteers into the COVID-19 group and, unexpectedly, in 14 volunteers in the control group. Based on this observation, we distributed the volunteers of the control group into without SIgA or with SIgA sub-groups, and COVID-19 group into without SIgA or with SIgA sub-groups. Individuals with SIgA showed higher levels of IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-13, and IFN-α than those without SIgA. In intergroup analysis, the COVID-19 groups showed higher salivary levels of IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and IFN-α than the control group. No statistical differences were verified in the salivary levels of IL-6 and IFN-β. Lower IL-12p70/IL-10 and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios were found in the control group without SIgA than the control group with SIgA and the COVID-19 group with SIgA. Conclusion We were able to present, for the first time, that associations between distinct immunological profiles can help the mucosal immunity to maintain the salivary levels of SIgA in COVID-19 patients two months after the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonatas Bussador do Amaral
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nunes França
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Kalil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - Unip, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Albert Einstein Institute for Teaching and Research (IIEP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Sanches Rodrigues
- Albert Einstein Institute for Teaching and Research (IIEP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Heller
- Albert Einstein Institute for Teaching and Research (IIEP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Cruzeiro Do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Albert Einstein Institute for Teaching and Research (IIEP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Gastroenterology (LIM07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Laboratories (LIM 03), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Science of Human and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Unievangélica, Anápolis, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Eskandarian Boroujeni M, Sekrecka A, Antonczyk A, Hassani S, Sekrecki M, Nowicka H, Lopacinska N, Olya A, Kluzek K, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HAR. Dysregulated Interferon Response and Immune Hyperactivation in Severe COVID-19: Targeting STATs as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888897. [PMID: 35663932 PMCID: PMC9156796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A disease outbreak in December 2019, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was named COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells from the upper and lower respiratory tract system and is transmitted by inhalation or contact with infected droplets. Common clinical symptoms include fatigue, fever, and cough, but also shortness of breath and lung abnormalities. Still, some 5% of SARS-CoV-2 infections progress to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with pulmonary edema, acute kidney injury, and/or multiple organ failure as important consequences, which can lead to death. The innate immune system recognizes viral RNAs and triggers the expression of interferons (IFN). IFNs activate anti-viral effectors and components of the adaptive immune system by activating members of the STAT and IRF families that induce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG)s. Among other coronaviruses, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV, common strategies have been identified to antagonize IFN signaling. This typically coincides with hyperactive inflammatory host responses known as the “cytokine storm” that mediate severe lung damage. Likewise, SARS-CoV-2 infection combines a dysregulated IFN response with excessive production of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs. This excessive inflammatory response in the lungs is associated with the local recruitment of immune cells that create a pathogenic inflammatory loop. Together, it causes severe lung pathology, including ARDS, as well as damage to other vulnerable organs, like the heart, spleen, lymph nodes, and kidney, as well as the brain. This can rapidly progress to multiple organ exhaustion and correlates with a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we focus on the crucial role of different types of IFN that underlies the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection and leads to immune cell hyper-activation in the lungs, exuberant systemic inflammation, and multiple organ damage. Consequently, to protect from systemic inflammation, it will be critical to interfere with signaling cascades activated by IFNs and other inflammatory cytokines. Targeting members of the STAT family could therefore be proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Sekrecka
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Antonczyk
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sanaz Hassani
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michal Sekrecki
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Nowicka
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Lopacinska
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Arta Olya
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kluzek
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hans A R Bluyssen
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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32
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Dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: From pathogenesis to therapeutic applications. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Medicinal plants with anti-SARS-CoV activity repurposing for treatment of COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:199-224. [PMID: 36651508 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) has emerged as a significant threat to public health with startling drawbacks in all sectors globally. This study investigates the practicality of some medicinal plants for SARS-CoV-2 therapy using a systematic review and meta-analysis of their reported SARS-CoV-1 inhibitory potencies. Relevant data were systematically gathered from three databases, viz., Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus. The information obtained included botanical information, extraction method and extracts concentrations, as well as the proposed mechanisms. Fourteen articles describing 30 different plants met our eligibility criteria. Random effects model and subgroup analysis were applied to investigate heterogeneity. According to subgroup analysis, the substantial heterogeneity of the estimated mean based on the IC 50 values reporting the most potent anti-SARS-CoV 3C--like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors (10.07 %, p < 0.0001), was significantly higher compared to the most active anti-SARS-CoV papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitors (6.12 %, p < 0.0001). More importantly, the literature analysis revealed that fruit extracts of Rheum palmatum L. and the compound cryptotanshinone isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (IC 50 = 0.8 ± 0.2 μmol L-1) were excellent candidates for anti--SARS-CoV targeting PLpro. Meanwhile, iguesterin (IC 50 = 2.6 ± 0.6 μmol L-1) isolated from the bark of Tripterygium regelii emerged as the most excellent candidate for anti-SARS--CoV targeting 3CLpro. The present systematic review and meta-analysis provide valuable and comprehensive information about potential medicinal plants for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition. The chemotypes identified herein can be adopted as a starting point for developing new drugs to contain the novel virus.
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34
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Effective Interferon Lambda Treatment Regimen To Control Lethal MERS-CoV Infection in Mice. J Virol 2022; 96:e0036422. [PMID: 35588276 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00364-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective broad-spectrum antivirals are critical to prevent and control emerging human coronavirus (hCoV) infections. Despite considerable progress made toward identifying and evaluating several synthetic broad-spectrum antivirals against hCoV infections, a narrow therapeutic window has limited their success. Enhancing the endogenous interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) response is another antiviral strategy that has been known for decades. However, the side effects of pegylated type-I IFNs (IFN-Is) and the proinflammatory response detected after delayed IFN-I therapy have discouraged their clinical use. In contrast to IFN-Is, IFN-λ, a dominant IFN at the epithelial surface, has been shown to be less proinflammatory. Consequently, we evaluated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of IFN-λ in hCoV-infected airway epithelial cells and mice. Human primary airway epithelial cells treated with a single dose of IFN-I (IFN-α) and IFN-λ showed similar ISG expression, whereas cells treated with two doses of IFN-λ expressed elevated levels of ISG compared to that of IFN-α-treated cells. Similarly, mice treated with two doses of IFN-λ were better protected than mice that received a single dose, and a combination of prophylactic and delayed therapeutic regimens completely protected mice from a lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) infection. A two-dose IFN-λ regimen significantly reduced lung viral titers and inflammatory cytokine levels with marked improvement in lung inflammation. Collectively, we identified an effective regimen for IFN-λ use and demonstrated the protective efficacy of IFN-λ in MERS-CoV-infected mice. IMPORTANCE Effective antiviral agents are urgently required to prevent and treat individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging viral infections. The COVID-19 pandemic has catapulted our efforts to identify, develop, and evaluate several antiviral agents. However, a narrow therapeutic window has limited the protective efficacy of several broad-spectrum and CoV-specific antivirals. IFN-λ is an antiviral agent of interest due to its ability to induce a robust endogenous antiviral state and low levels of inflammation. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy and effective treatment regimen of IFN-λ in mice infected with a lethal dose of MERS-CoV. We show that while prophylactic and early therapeutic IFN-λ administration is protective, delayed treatment is detrimental. Notably, a combination of prophylactic and delayed therapeutic administration of IFN-λ protected mice from severe MERS. Our results highlight the prophylactic and therapeutic use of IFN-λ against lethal hCoV and likely other viral lung infections.
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Frequently Used Allopathic and Traditional Medicine for COVID-19 Treatment and Feasibility of Their Integration. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:1040-1047. [PMID: 35507298 PMCID: PMC9065245 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, no satisfactory treatment for COVID-19 is available. This review reported few recent updates regarding the drugs (allopathy/traditional medicines) used for the treatment of COVID-19 concerning clinical studies. Content of the article spotlight the contribution of allopathic and Ayurvedic drugs to the scientific basis for utilization as a potential therapy against COVID-19 infection and provide new insights on the integration of allopathy and traditional medicine. It advocated the combination of these two systems of treatment will ascertain their integrations, and there would be a good possibility and scope for developing a model of integration in the management of COVID-19. Provided discussion may help researchers, physicians, and healthcare policymakers to encourage for effective and integrated use of allopathic and Ayurvedic medicines to control the COVID-19 pandemic more effectively.
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Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a devastating pandemic. Although most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop a mild to moderate disease with virus replication restricted mainly to the upper airways, some progress to having a life-threatening pneumonia. In this Review, we explore recent clinical and experimental advances regarding SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and discuss potential mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), specifically focusing on new insights obtained using novel technologies such as single-cell omics, organoid infection models and CRISPR screens. We describe how SARS-CoV-2 may infect the lower respiratory tract and cause alveolar damage as a result of dysfunctional immune responses. We discuss how this may lead to the induction of a 'leaky state' of both the epithelium and the endothelium, promoting inflammation and coagulation, while an influx of immune cells leads to overexuberant inflammatory responses and immunopathology. Finally, we highlight how these findings may aid the development of new therapeutic interventions against COVID-19.
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Figueiredo DLA, Ximenez JPB, Seiva FRF, Panis C, Bezerra RDS, Ferrasa A, Cecchini AL, de Medeiros AI, Almeida AMF, Ramão A, Boldt ABW, Moya CF, Chin CM, de Paula D, Rech D, Gradia DF, Malheiros D, Venturini D, Tavares ER, Carraro E, Ribeiro EMDSF, Pereira EM, Tuon FF, Follador FAC, Fernandes GSA, Volpato H, Cólus IMDS, de Oliveira JC, Rodrigues JHDS, dos Santos JL, Visentainer JEL, Brandi JC, Serpeloni JM, Bonini JS, de Oliveira KB, Fiorentin K, Lucio LC, Faccin-Galhardi LC, Ferreto LED, Lioni LMY, Consolaro MEL, Vicari MR, Arbex MA, Pileggi M, Watanabe MAE, Costa MAR, Giannini MJSM, Amarante MK, Khalil NM, de Lima QA, Herai RH, Guembarovski RL, Shinsato RN, Mainardes RM, Giuliatti S, Yamada-Ogatta SF, Gerber VKDQ, Pavanelli WR, da Silva WC, Petzl-Erler ML, Valente V, Soares CP, Cavalli LR, Silva WA. COVID-19: The question of genetic diversity and therapeutic intervention approaches. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 44:e20200452. [PMID: 35421211 PMCID: PMC9075701 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the largest pandemic in modern history with very high infection rates and considerable mortality. The disease, which emerged in China's Wuhan province, had its first reported case on December 29, 2019, and spread rapidly worldwide. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency. Since the outbreak, efforts to develop COVID-19 vaccines, engineer new drugs, and evaluate existing ones for drug repurposing have been intensively undertaken to find ways to control this pandemic. COVID-19 therapeutic strategies aim to impair molecular pathways involved in the virus entrance and replication or interfere in the patients' overreaction and immunopathology. Moreover, nanotechnology could be an approach to boost the activity of new drugs. Several COVID-19 vaccine candidates have received emergency-use or full authorization in one or more countries, and others are being developed and tested. This review assesses the different strategies currently proposed to control COVID-19 and the issues or limitations imposed on some approaches by the human and viral genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Departamento de Medicina, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Instituto para Pesquisa do Câncer (IPEC), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicologia e Ciência de Alimentos, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Bandeirantes, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael dos Santos Bezerra
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hemocentro Regional de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Adriano Ferrasa
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Programa de Pós Graduação em Computação Aplicada, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Anelisa Ramão
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Carla Fredrichsen Moya
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Chung Man Chin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos (UNILAGO), Centro de Pesquisa Avançada em Medicina, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Paula
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Departamento de Farmácia, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rech
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Hospital do Câncer Francisco Beltrão, Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Malheiros
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de patologia, clínica e toxicologia, Laboratório de bioquímica clínica, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Eliandro Reis Tavares
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Emerson Carraro
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Laboratório de Virologia Clínica, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Enilze Maria de Souza Fonseca Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Evani Marques Pereira
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Departamento de Enfermagem, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Felipe Francisco Tuon
- Universidade Católica do Paraná, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Pontifícia Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Franciele Aní Caovilla Follador
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Hélito Volpato
- Universidade Estadual do Paraná (UNESPAR), Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Educação, Paranavaí, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Jean Henrique da Silva Rodrigues
- Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina Brandi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sartori Bonini
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Imunologia, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Karine Fiorentin
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Léia Carolina Lucio
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Ligia Carla Faccin-Galhardi
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Lirane Elize Defante Ferreto
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucy Megumi Yamauchi Lioni
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Bandeirantes, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ricardo Vicari
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Biologia e Genética Estrutural e Molecular, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Abdo Arbex
- Universidade de Araraquara, Faculdade de Medicina, Área temática de Pneumologia, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pileggi
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Biologia e Genética Estrutural e Molecular, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunologia, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Antônia Ramos Costa
- Universidade do Estado do Paraná, Colegiada de Enfermagem, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria José S. Mendes Giannini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Marla Karine Amarante
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Imunologia, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Najeh Maissar Khalil
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Departamento de Farmácia, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Quirino Alves de Lima
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto H. Herai
- Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório Experimental Multiusuário, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universitário Católico Salesiano Auxilium (UNISALESIANO), Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberta Losi Guembarovski
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Rogério N. Shinsato
- Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório Experimental Multiusuário, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universitário Católico Salesiano Auxilium (UNISALESIANO), Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Rubiana Mara Mainardes
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Departamento de Farmácia, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Silvana Giuliatti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hemocentro Regional de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Viviane Knuppel de Quadros Gerber
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Departamento de Enfermagem, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia de Doenças Negligenciadas e Câncer, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Weber Claudio da Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Departamento de Farmácia, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Valeria Valente
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Terapia Celular (CEPID/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Christiane Pienna Soares
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane Regina Cavalli
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araujo Silva
- Instituto para Pesquisa do Câncer (IPEC), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Terapia Celular (CEPID/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular (INCT/CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Novos Arranjos de Pesquisa e Inovação - Genômica (NAPI-Genômica), Fundação Araucária, PR, Brazil
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Scott BM, Lacasse V, Blom DG, Tonner PD, Blom NS. Predicted coronavirus Nsp5 protease cleavage sites in the human proteome. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:25. [PMID: 35379171 PMCID: PMC8977440 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The coronavirus nonstructural protein 5 (Nsp5) is a cysteine protease required for processing the viral polyprotein and is therefore crucial for viral replication. Nsp5 from several coronaviruses have also been found to cleave host proteins, disrupting molecular pathways involved in innate immunity. Nsp5 from the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus interacts with and can cleave human proteins, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Based on the continuing global pandemic, and emerging understanding of coronavirus Nsp5-human protein interactions, we set out to predict what human proteins are cleaved by the coronavirus Nsp5 protease using a bioinformatics approach.
Results
Using a previously developed neural network trained on coronavirus Nsp5 cleavage sites (NetCorona), we made predictions of Nsp5 cleavage sites in all human proteins. Structures of human proteins in the Protein Data Bank containing a predicted Nsp5 cleavage site were then examined, generating a list of 92 human proteins with a highly predicted and accessible cleavage site. Of those, 48 are expected to be found in the same cellular compartment as Nsp5. Analysis of this targeted list of proteins revealed molecular pathways susceptible to Nsp5 cleavage and therefore relevant to coronavirus infection, including pathways involved in mRNA processing, cytokine response, cytoskeleton organization, and apoptosis.
Conclusions
This study combines predictions of Nsp5 cleavage sites in human proteins with protein structure information and protein network analysis. We predicted cleavage sites in proteins recently shown to be cleaved in vitro by SARS-CoV-2 Nsp5, and we discuss how other potentially cleaved proteins may be relevant to coronavirus mediated immune dysregulation. The data presented here will assist in the design of more targeted experiments, to determine the role of coronavirus Nsp5 cleavage of host proteins, which is relevant to understanding the molecular pathology of coronavirus infection.
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Maggi E, Azzarone BG, Canonica GW, Moretta L. What we know and still ignore on COVID-19 immune pathogenesis and a proposal based on the experience of allergic disorders. Allergy 2022; 77:1114-1128. [PMID: 34582050 PMCID: PMC8652765 DOI: 10.1111/all.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started in March 2020 and caused over 5 million confirmed deaths worldwide as far August 2021. We have been recently overwhelmed by a wide literature on how the immune system recognizes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Although originally considered a respiratory viral disease, COVID-19 is now recognized as a far more complex, multi-organ-, immuno-mediated-, and mostly heterogeneous disorder. Though efficient innate and adaptive immunity may control infection, when the patient fails to mount an adequate immune response at the start, or in advanced disease, a high innate-induced inflammation can lead to different clinical outcomes through heterogeneous compensatory mechanisms. The variability of viral load and persistence, the genetic alterations of virus-driven receptors/signaling pathways and the plasticity of innate and adaptive responses may all account for the extreme heterogeneity of pathogenesis and clinical patterns. As recently applied to some inflammatory disorders as asthma, rhinosinusitis with polyposis, and atopic dermatitis, herein we suggest defining different endo-types and the related phenotypes along COVID-19. Patients should be stratified for evolving symptoms and tightly monitored for surrogate biomarkers of innate and adaptive immunity. This would allow to preventively identify each endo-type (and its related phenotype) and to treat patients precisely with agents targeting pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Department of ImmunologyBambino Gesù Children’s HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of ImmunologyBambino Gesù Children’s HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
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Guimarães Sousa S, Kleiton de Sousa A, Maria Carvalho Pereira C, Sofia Miranda Loiola Araújo A, de Aguiar Magalhães D, Vieira de Brito T, Barbosa ALDR. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes intestinal cell damage: Role of interferon’s imbalance. Cytokine 2022; 152:155826. [PMID: 35158258 PMCID: PMC8828414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the newly emerging lung disease pandemic COVID-19. This viral infection causes a series of respiratory disorders, and although this virus mainly infects respiratory cells, the small intestine can also be an important site of entry or interaction, as enterocytes highly express in angiotensin-2 converting enzyme (ACE) receptors. There are countless reports pointing to the importance of interferons (IFNs) with regard to the mediation of the immune system in viral infection by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, this review will focus on the main cells that make up the large intestine, their specific immunology, as well as the function of IFNs in the intestinal mucosa after the invasion of coronavirus-2.
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Silva RCMC, Ribeiro JS, da Silva GPD, da Costa LJ, Travassos LH. Autophagy Modulators in Coronavirus Diseases: A Double Strike in Viral Burden and Inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:845368. [PMID: 35433503 PMCID: PMC9010404 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.845368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are the etiologic agents of several diseases. Coronaviruses of critical medical importance are characterized by highly inflammatory pathophysiology, involving severe pulmonary impairment and infection of multiple cell types within the body. Here, we discuss the interplay between coronaviruses and autophagy regarding virus life cycle, cell resistance, and inflammation, highlighting distinct mechanisms by which autophagy restrains inflammatory responses, especially those involved in coronavirus pathogenesis. We also address different autophagy modulators available and the rationale for drug repurposing as an attractive adjunctive therapy. We focused on pharmaceuticals being tested in clinical trials with distinct mechanisms but with autophagy as a common target. These autophagy modulators act in cell resistance to virus infection and immunomodulation, providing a double-strike to prevent or treat severe disease development and death from coronaviruses diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jhones Sousa Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Peixoto Duarte da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Jesus da Costa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Xue W, Ding C, Qian K, Liao Y. The Interplay Between Coronavirus and Type I IFN Response. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:805472. [PMID: 35317429 PMCID: PMC8934427 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.805472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, newly evolved coronaviruses have posed a global threat to public health and animal breeding. To control and prevent the coronavirus-related diseases, understanding the interaction of the coronavirus and the host immune system is the top priority. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade or antagonize the host immune response to ensure their replication. As the first line and main component of innate immune response, type I IFN response is able to restrict virus in the initial infection stage; it is thus not surprising that the primary aim of the virus is to evade or antagonize the IFN response. Gaining a profound understanding of the interaction between coronaviruses and type I IFN response will shed light on vaccine development and therapeutics. In this review, we provide an update on the current knowledge on strategies employed by coronaviruses to evade type I IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Xue
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Liao,
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Santos TGFTD, Brito DHSD, Santos NMVD, Paiva MC, Lyra MCA, Heimer MV, Caldas Júnior ADF, Rosenblatt A. Viral symptoms in children and SARS-COV-2: information for pediatric dentists for the control of transmission. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e029. [PMID: 35239795 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The new coronavi rus, which has spread worldwide, has spiraled out of control in Brazil. The number of infected children has increased, and more Infants Special Care Units are needed to prevent deaths. This study aims to report the most common signs and symptoms in children infected by seasonal respiratory viruses and those infected by COVID-19. This knowledge is essential to educate pediatric dentists, who may contribute to identifying the difference in symptoms and notify the cases, thus preventing the spread of COVID-19. This study was carried out in a Family Health Center of Ipojuca, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and included 54 children seen for dental emergency care. The parents provided information about the signs and symptoms of their children' s health conditions during the lockdown from March to July 2020. All children had a serological test to detect any exposure to the virus. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess the distribution of the data and compare the quantitative variables between the groups. Among the study participants, 16.7% tested positive for COVID-19. The most prevalent symptoms were headache (38.9%), sneezing (35.2%), and fever (20.4%); six out of nine children with a positive test had symptoms after infection of an adult in the family. Children infected with COVID-19 showed similar clinical signs to those with negative results. Pediatric dentists should acquire knowledge to report on sick children and prevent the spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mabel Cristina Paiva
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Carlla Aroucha Lyra
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica Vilela Heimer
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo de França Caldas Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Patients with Special Needs, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Aronita Rosenblatt
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Thomas G, Hirter K, Frederick E, Hausburg M, Bar-Or R, Mulugeta Y, Roshon M, Mains C, Bar-Or D. AMP5A modulates Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 single-stranded RNA immune responses in PMA-differentiated THP-1 and PBMC. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 7:3. [PMID: 35261923 PMCID: PMC8891742 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-022-00110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of antiviral immunity has been implicated in the progression of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection into severe cases of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Imbalances in the inflammatory response drive the overabundant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The low molecular weight fraction of 5% human serum albumin commercial preparation (AMP5A) is a novel biologic drug currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of osteoarthritis and the hyperinflammatory response associated with COVID-19. This study aims to elucidate AMP5A effects following the activation of immune cells with agonists of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and/or 8, which detect ssRNA viral sequences. METHODS CXCL10 ELISAs were used to evaluate the dynamics of myeloid cells activated with CL075 and CL307, agonists of TLR7/8 and TLR7, respectively. In addition, enrichment analysis of gene sets generated by ELISA arrays was utilized to gain insight into the biologic processes underlying the identified differentially expressed cytokine profiles. Finally, relative potency (REP) was employed to confirm the involvement of mechanisms of action paramount to AMP5A activity. RESULTS AMP5A inhibits the release of CXCL10 from both CL075- and CL307-activated PMA-differentiated THP-1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, AMP5A suppresses a distinct set of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and CXCL10) associated with COVID-19 and pro-inflammatory NF-κB activation. REP experiments using antagonists specific for the immunomodulatory transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, also indicate that these pathways are involved in the ability of AMP5A to inhibit CXCL10 release. CONCLUSION Due to the biphasic course of COVID-19, therapeutic approaches that augment antiviral immunity may be more beneficial early in infection, whereas later interventions should focus on inflammation suppression. In this study, we show that AMP5A inhibits TLR 7/8 signaling in myeloid cells, resulting in a decrease in inflammatory mediators associated with hyperinflammation and autoimmunity. Furthermore, data demonstrating that AMP5A activates immunomodulatory transcription factors found to be protective in lung disease is provided. These findings suggest that the modes and mechanisms of action of AMP5A are well suited to treat conditions involving dysregulated TLR 7/8 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Thomas
- Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO 80122 USA
| | - Kristen Hirter
- Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO 80122 USA
| | - Elizabeth Frederick
- Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO 80122 USA
| | - Melissa Hausburg
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden, Englewood, CO 80113 USA
- Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 11600 W 2nd Pl, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA
- Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N Nevada Ave, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S Chambers Rd, Parker, CO 80134 USA
- Centura Health Systems, 9100 E. Mineral Cir, Centennial, CO 80112 USA
| | - Raphael Bar-Or
- Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO 80122 USA
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden, Englewood, CO 80113 USA
- Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 11600 W 2nd Pl, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA
- Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N Nevada Ave, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S Chambers Rd, Parker, CO 80134 USA
- Centura Health Systems, 9100 E. Mineral Cir, Centennial, CO 80112 USA
| | - Yetti Mulugeta
- Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO 80122 USA
| | - Michael Roshon
- Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N Nevada Ave, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA
| | - Charles Mains
- Centura Health Systems, 9100 E. Mineral Cir, Centennial, CO 80112 USA
| | - David Bar-Or
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden, Englewood, CO 80113 USA
- Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 11600 W 2nd Pl, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA
- Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N Nevada Ave, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S Chambers Rd, Parker, CO 80134 USA
- Centura Health Systems, 9100 E. Mineral Cir, Centennial, CO 80112 USA
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the closely related SARS-CoV-2 are emergent highly pathogenic human respiratory viruses causing acute lethal disease associated with lung damage and dysregulated inflammatory responses. SARS-CoV envelope protein (E) is a virulence factor involved in the activation of various inflammatory pathways. Here, we study the contribution of host miRNAs to the virulence mediated by E protein. Small RNAseq analysis of infected mouse lungs identified miRNA-223 as a potential regulator of pulmonary inflammation, since it was significantly increased in SARS-CoV-WT virulent infection compared to the attenuated SARS-CoV-ΔE infection. In vivo inhibition of miRNA-223-3p increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that during lung infection, miRNA-223 might contribute to restrict an excessive inflammatory response. Interestingly, miRNA-223-3p inhibition also increased the levels of the CFTR transporter, which is involved in edema resolution and was significantly downregulated in the lungs of mice infected with the virulent SARS-CoV-WT virus. At the histopathological level, a decrease in the pulmonary edema was observed when miR-223-3p was inhibited, suggesting that miRNA-223-3p was involved in the regulation of the SARS-CoV-induced inflammatory pathology. These results indicate that miRNA-223 participates in the regulation of E protein-mediated inflammatory response during SARS-CoV infection by targeting different host mRNAs involved in the pulmonary inflammation, and identify miRNA-223 as a potential therapeutic target in SARS-CoV infection.
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Ning Q, Wu D, Wang X, Xi D, Chen T, Chen G, Wang H, Lu H, Wang M, Zhu L, Hu J, Liu T, Ma K, Han M, Luo X. The mechanism underlying extrapulmonary complications of the coronavirus disease 2019 and its therapeutic implication. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:57. [PMID: 35197452 PMCID: PMC8863906 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that poses a major threat to global public health. Although COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, causing severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe cases, it can also result in multiple extrapulmonary complications. The pathogenesis of extrapulmonary damage in patients with COVID-19 is probably multifactorial, involving both the direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 and the indirect mechanisms associated with the host inflammatory response. Recognition of features and pathogenesis of extrapulmonary complications has clinical implications for identifying disease progression and designing therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the extrapulmonary complications of COVID-19 from immunological and pathophysiologic perspectives and focuses on the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ning
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Di Wu
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Xi
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Chen
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Lu
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Wang
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjian Hu
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Ma
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meifang Han
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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N7-Methylation of the Coronavirus RNA Cap Is Required for Maximal Virulence by Preventing Innate Immune Recognition. mBio 2022; 13:e0366221. [PMID: 35073761 PMCID: PMC8787479 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03662-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Understanding the immunological and pathological processes of coronavirus diseases is crucial for the rational design of effective vaccines and therapies for COVID-19. Previous studies showed that 2'-O-methylation of the viral RNA cap structure is required to prevent the recognition of viral RNAs by intracellular innate sensors. Here, we demonstrate that the guanine N7-methylation of the 5' cap mediated by coronavirus nonstructural protein 14 (nsp14) contributes to viral evasion of the type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated immune response and pathogenesis in mice. A Y414A substitution in nsp14 of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) significantly decreased N7-methyltransferase activity and reduced guanine N7-methylation of the 5' cap in vitro. Infection of myeloid cells with recombinant MHV harboring the nsp14-Y414A mutation (rMHVnsp14-Y414A) resulted in upregulated expression of IFN-I and ISG15 mainly via MDA5 signaling and in reduced viral replication compared to that of wild-type rMHV. rMHVnsp14-Y414A replicated to lower titers in livers and brains and exhibited an attenuated phenotype in mice. This attenuated phenotype was IFN-I dependent because the virulence of the rMHVnsp14-Y414A mutant was restored in Ifnar-/- mice. We further found that the comparable mutation (Y420A) in SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 (rSARS-CoV-2nsp14-Y420A) also significantly decreased N7-methyltransferase activity in vitro, and the mutant virus was attenuated in K18-human ACE2 transgenic mice. Moreover, infection with rSARS-CoV-2nsp14-Y420A conferred complete protection against subsequent and otherwise lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice, indicating the vaccine potential of this mutant. IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses (CoVs), including SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, use several strategies to evade the host innate immune responses. While the cap structure of RNA, including CoV RNA, is important for translation, previous studies indicate that the cap also contributes to viral evasion from the host immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that the N7-methylated cap structure of CoV RNA is pivotal for virus immunoevasion. Using recombinant MHV and SARS-CoV-2 encoding an inactive N7-methyltransferase, we demonstrate that these mutant viruses are highly attenuated in vivo and that attenuation is apparent at very early times after infection. Virulence is restored in mice lacking interferon signaling. Further, we show that infection with virus defective in N7-methylation protects mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that the N7-methylase might be a useful target in drug and vaccine development.
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Boodhoo N, Matsuyama-Kato A, Shojadoost B, Behboudi S, Sharif S. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 non-structural proteins 1 and 15 proteins mediate antiviral immune evasion. CURRENT RESEARCH IN VIROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 3:100021. [PMID: 35187506 PMCID: PMC8837493 DOI: 10.1016/j.crviro.2022.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infection with pathogenic viruses is often sensed by innate receptors such as Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) which stimulate type I and III interferons (IFNs) responses, to generate an antiviral state within many cell types. To counteract these antiviral systems, many viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), encode non-structural proteins (NSPs) that mediate immune evasion. Using an overexpression system in A549 cells, we demonstrated a significant increase (p ≤ 0.0001) in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV)-EGFP reporter virus replication in cell lines overexpressing either the SARS-CoV-2 NSP1 or NSP15 when compared to control A549 cells. The increase in VSV-EGFP virus output was associated with a decrease in TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 protein expression and a lack of antiviral protein production. Truncation of both NSP1 and NSP15 led to an increase in cellular TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 as well as a decrease in TLR2 expression respectively. This observation can be attributed to the presence of a functional domain in NSP1 and NSP15 between amino acid (aa) 120–180 and aa 230–346, respectively. Both TLR3 and TLR9 ligands but not TLR2 ligand were highly effective at overcoming NSP1 and NSP15 functional interference based on significant decrease (p ≤ 0.0001) in VSV-EGFP virus replication. NSP1 or NSP15 intracellular interactions are likely low affinity interactions that can be easily disrupted by stimulating cells with specific TLR3 and TLR9 ligands. This report provides insights into the role of SARS-CoV-2 NSP1 and NSP15 in limiting specific TLR pathway activation, as an evasive mechanism against host innate responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Zhao M, Liu Z, Shao F, Zhou W, Chen Z, Xia P, Wang S, Yang P. Communication Pattern Changes Along With Declined IGF1 of Immune Cells in COVID-19 Patients During Disease Progression. Front Immunol 2022; 12:729990. [PMID: 35095832 PMCID: PMC8795624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, represents a global crisis. Most patients developed mild/moderate symptoms, and the status of immune system varied in acute and regulatory stages. The crosstalk between immune cells and the dynamic changes of immune cell contact is rarely described. Here, we analyzed the features of immune response of paired peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from the same patients during acute and regulatory stages. Consistent with previous reports, both myeloid and T cells turned less inflammatory and less activated at recovery phase. Additionally, the communication patterns of myeloid-T cell and T-B cell are obviously changed. The crosstalk analysis reveals that typical inflammatory cytokines and several chemokines are tightly correlated with the recovery of COVID-19. Intriguingly, the signal transduction of metabolic factor insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is altered at recovery phase. Furthermore, we confirmed that the serum levels of IGF1 and several inflammatory cytokines are apparently dampened after the negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thus, these results reveal several potential detection and therapeutic targets that might be used for COVID-19 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Abstract
Viruses completely rely on the energy and metabolic systems of host cells for life activities. Viral infections usually lead to cytopathic effects and host diseases. To date, there are still no specific clinical vaccines or drugs against most viral infections. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of viral infections is of great significance to prevent and treat viral diseases. A variety of viral infections are related to the p38 MAPK signalling pathway, and p38 is an important host factor in virus-infected cells. Here, we introduce the different signalling pathways of p38 activation and then summarise how different viruses induce p38 phosphorylation. Finally, we provide a general summary of the effect of p38 activation on virus replication. Our review provides integrated data on p38 activation and viral infections and describes the potential application of targeting p38 as an antiviral strategy.
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