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Wang X, Ye X, Li R, Zai X, Hu M, Wang S, Ren H, Jin Y, Xu J, Yue J. Spatio-temporal spread and evolution of Lassa virus in West Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:314. [PMID: 38486143 PMCID: PMC10941413 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lassa fever is a hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus (LASV), which has been classified by the World Health Organization as one of the top infectious diseases requiring prioritized research. Previous studies have provided insights into the classification and geographic characteristics of LASV lineages. However, the factor of the distribution and evolution characteristics and phylodynamics of the virus was still limited. METHODS To enhance comprehensive understanding of LASV, we employed phylogenetic analysis, reassortment and recombination detection, and variation evaluation utilizing publicly available viral genome sequences. RESULTS The results showed the estimated the root of time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for large (L) segment was approximately 634 (95% HPD: [385879]), whereas the TMRCA for small (S) segment was around 1224 (95% HPD: [10301401]). LASV primarily spread from east to west in West Africa through two routes, and in route 2, the virus independently spread to surrounding countries through Liberia, resulting in a wider spread of LASV. From 1969 to 2018, the effective population size experienced two significant increased, indicating the enhanced genetic diversity of LASV. We also found the evolution rate of L segment was faster than S segment, further results showed zinc-binding protein had the fastest evolution rate. Reassortment events were detected in multiple lineages including sub-lineage IIg, while recombination events were observed within lineage V. Significant amino acid changes in the glycoprotein precursor of LASV were identified, demonstrating sequence diversity among lineages in LASV. CONCLUSION This study comprehensively elucidated the transmission and evolution of LASV in West Africa, providing detailed insights into reassortment events, recombination events, and amino acid variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xianwei Ye
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaodong Zai
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Mingda Hu
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shaoyan Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongguang Ren
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Junjie Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Junjie Yue
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology & State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Forni D, Pozzoli U, Cagliani R, Clerici M, Sironi M. Dinucleotide biases in RNA viruses that infect vertebrates or invertebrates. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0252923. [PMID: 37800906 PMCID: PMC10714974 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02529-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Akin to a molecular signature, dinucleotide composition can be exploited by the zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) to restrict CpG-rich (and UpA-rich) RNA viruses. ZAP evolved in tetrapods, and it is not encoded by invertebrates and fish. Because a systematic analysis is missing, we analyzed the genomes of RNA viruses that infect vertebrates or invertebrates. We show that vertebrate single-stranded (ss) RNA(+) viruses and, to a lesser extent, double-stranded RNA viruses tend to have stronger CpG bias than invertebrate viruses. Conversely, ssRNA(-) viruses have similar dinucleotide composition whether they infect vertebrates or invertebrates. Analysis of ssRNA(+) viruses that infect mammals, reptiles, and fish indicated that ZAP is unlikely to be a major driver of CpG depletion. We also show that, compared to other coronaviruses, the genome of SARS-CoV-2 is not homogeneously CpG-depleted. Our study provides new insights into virus evolution and strategies for recoding RNA virus genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Forni
- Bioinformatics Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Uberto Pozzoli
- Bioinformatics Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Bioinformatics Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
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3
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Xie Q, Zhu C, Ai L, Nie D, Wu Y, Wang C, He J, Tan W, Zhang L. Epidemiology and Genomic characteristics of arenavirus in rodents from the southeast coast of P.R. China. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:253. [PMID: 38031051 PMCID: PMC10685642 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wenzhou virus (WENV), a member of the Mammarenavirus genus in the Arenaviridae family, has been detected in wild rodents from eight provinces in China, including Zhejiang, Shandong, Hainan, Xinjiang, Hunan, Guangdong, Yunnan, and Jiangxi provinces, and some countries from Southeast Asia. The IgG-antibodies of WENV have been detected in both healthy populations and patients with unknown fever and respiratory symptoms. However, the potential harmfulness of WENV to humans has been underestimated due to mild symptoms after infection, similar to respiratory diseases. Thus, it is imperative to enhance the surveillance of WENV in wild rodents, particularly Rattus norvegicus, and continuously monitor its prevalence. RESULTS From 2017 to 2021, a total of 390 wild rodents were collected from six provinces in the eastern and southern coastal areas, containing nine species of rats. Samples of each tissue were collected, and PCR amplified for identification. Four R. norvegicus samples were detected to be WENV-positive. No genomic sequence of WENV was detected in Rattus flavipectus, Rattus losea, Suncus murinus, Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus, Microtus fortis, Micromys minutus, and Niviventer niviventer from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. Three genomic sequences were identified to be WENV by phylogenetic analysis. The full-length sequences of HAIKOU-40 were amplified in R. norvegicus from Hainan, which showed a close relationship to Wufeng/ WFS, sharing 84.5-89.4% homology at the nucleotide level and 91.6-98.9% homology at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HAIKOU-40 formed an Asia-specific cluster with all WENVs and Loie River mammarenavirus (LORV), provisionally named Asian ancestry. This cluster has diverged earlier from the remaining mammarenavirus. The sequences obtained in Xiamen, Fujian province showed more than 90% nucleotide identities with WENV, which may be a strain of WENV. Additionally, the sequence of Wuxi-87 which was a positive sequence detected in Wuxi, Jiangsu province exhibited 83% nucleotide identity with Lassa virus (LASV). Further efforts will be made to isolate and identify this virus strain, verify the relationship between Wuxi-87 and LASV, and confirm whether R. norvegicus is a new host of LASV. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we conducted a systematic examination of the prevalence of WENV among rodents on the southeast coast of China. Additionally, we characterized the genome of a newly discovered WENV strain, that confirmed the role of R. norvegicus in the transmission of WENV. This highlights the importance of investigating the prevalence of WENV in both wild rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Changqiang Zhu
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lele Ai
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Danyue Nie
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Chongcai Wang
- Hainan International Travel Healthcare Center, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Ji He
- Xiamen International Travel Healthcare Center, (Xiamen Customs Port Outpatient Department), Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, China.
| | - Weilong Tan
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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4
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Hastie KM, Melnik LI, Cross RW, Klitting RM, Andersen KG, Saphire EO, Garry RF. The Arenaviridae Family: Knowledge Gaps, Animal Models, Countermeasures, and Prototype Pathogens. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S359-S375. [PMID: 37849403 PMCID: PMC10582522 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV), Junin virus (JUNV), and several other members of the Arenaviridae family are capable of zoonotic transfer to humans and induction of severe viral hemorrhagic fevers. Despite the importance of arenaviruses as potential pandemic pathogens, numerous gaps exist in scientific knowledge pertaining to this diverse family, including gaps in understanding replication, immunosuppression, receptor usage, and elicitation of neutralizing antibody responses, that in turn complicates development of medical countermeasures. A further challenge to the development of medical countermeasures for arenaviruses is the requirement for use of animal models at high levels of biocontainment, where each model has distinct advantages and limitations depending on, availability of space, animals species-specific reagents, and most importantly the ability of the model to faithfully recapitulate human disease. Designation of LASV and JUNV as prototype pathogens can facilitate progress in addressing the public health challenges posed by members of this important virus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lilia I Melnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Raphaëlle M Klitting
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Zalgen Labs LLC, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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5
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Rodrigues Dutra JV, Santos IA, Grosche VR, Jardim ACG, de Aguiar RS, Junior NN, José DP. L protein characterization and in silico screening of putative broad range target molecules for pathogenic mammarenaviruses from South America. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37817533 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2268186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The genus Mammarenavirus belonging to the family Arenaviridae encompasses pathogenic viral species capable of triggering severe diseases in humans, causing concern for the health system due to the high fatality rate associated with them. Currently, there is a dearth of specific therapies against pathogens of the genus. Natural products isolated from plants have impacted the development of drugs against several diseases. The Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE) database offers several natural compounds with antimicrobial activities that can be used in the development of new antiviral drugs. In this context, here we modeled the arenavirus L protein, multifunctional machinery essential for the viral replicative cycle, making this enzyme a potential candidate for targeting the development of antivirals against genus pathogens. Using the modeled L protein, a virtual screening was performed, which suggested eleven molecules from the NuBBE database that binds to the active site of the L protein, which was promising in the in silico predictions of absorption and toxicity analysis. The NuBBE 1642 molecule proved to be the best candidate for four of the five species evaluated, acting as a possible broad-spectrum molecule. Additionally, our results showed that the L protein is highly conserved among species of the genus, as well as presenting close phylogenetic relationships between many of the species studied, strengthening its candidacy as a therapeutic target. The data presented here demonstrate that some NuBBE molecules are potential ligands for the L protein of arenaviruses, which may help to contain possible outbreaks.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Rodrigues Dutra
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Iturama, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Igor Andrade Santos
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Victória Riquena Grosche
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Renato Santana de Aguiar
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nilson Nicolau Junior
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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6
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Luo XL, Lu S, Qin C, Shi M, Lu XB, Wang L, Ga S, Jin D, Ma XL, Yang J, Dai Y, Bao LL, Cheng YP, Ge YJ, Bai YB, Zhu WT, Pu J, Sun H, Huang YY, Xu MC, Lei WJ, Dong K, Yang CX, Jiao YF, Lv Q, Li FD, Xu J. Emergence of an ancient and pathogenic mammarenavirus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2192816. [PMID: 36939609 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2192816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTEmerging zoonoses of wildlife origin caused by previously unknown agents are one of the most important challenges for human health. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents a unique ecological niche with diverse wildlife that harbors several human pathogens and numerous previously uncharacterized pathogens. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel arenavirus (namely, plateau pika virus, PPV) from plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by virome analysis. Isolated PPV strains could replicate in several mammalian cells. We further investigated PPV pathogenesis using animal models. PPV administered via an intraventricular route caused trembling and sudden death in IFNαβR-/- mice, and pathological inflammatory lesions in brain tissue were observed. According to a retrospective serological survey in the geographical region where PPV was isolated, PPV-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 8 (2.4%) of 335 outpatients with available sera. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that this virus was clearly separated from previously reported New and Old World mammarenaviruses. Under the co-speciation framework, the estimated divergence time of PPV was 77-88 million years ago (MYA), earlier than that of OW and NW mammarenaviruses (26-34 MYA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.,Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.,Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mang Shi
- The Center for Infection & Immunity Study, School of Medicine, Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Lu
- Infectious diseases department, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Kashi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kashi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Sang Ga
- Yushu Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yushu, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xin-Li Ma
- Kashi first people's hospital, Kashi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Ya-Jun Ge
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Bo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ming-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wen-Jing Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Kui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Cai-Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China.,Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China.,Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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7
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Mammarenavirus Genetic Diversity and Its Biological Implications. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 439:265-303. [PMID: 36592249 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Members of the family Arenaviridae are classified into four genera: Antennavirus, Hartmanivirus, Mammarenavirus, and Reptarenavirus. Reptarenaviruses and hartmaniviruses infect (captive) snakes and have been shown to cause boid inclusion body disease (BIBD). Antennaviruses have genomes consisting of 3, rather than 2, segments, and were discovered in actinopterygian fish by next-generation sequencing but no biological isolate has been reported yet. The hosts of mammarenaviruses are mainly rodents and infections are generally asymptomatic. Current knowledge about the biology of reptarenaviruses, hartmaniviruses, and antennaviruses is very limited and their zoonotic potential is unknown. In contrast, some mammarenaviruses are associated with zoonotic events that pose a threat to human health. This review will focus on mammarenavirus genetic diversity and its biological implications. Some mammarenaviruses including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are excellent experimental model systems for the investigation of acute and persistent viral infections, whereas others including Lassa (LASV) and Junin (JUNV) viruses, the causative agents of Lassa fever (LF) and Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), respectively, are important human pathogens. Mammarenaviruses were thought to have high degree of intra-and inter-species amino acid sequence identities, but recent evidence has revealed a high degree of mammarenavirus genetic diversity in the field. Moreover, closely related mammarenavirus can display dramatic phenotypic differences in vivo. These findings support a role of genetic variability in mammarenavirus adaptability and pathogenesis. Here, we will review the molecular biology of mammarenaviruses, phylogeny, and evolution, as well as the quasispecies dynamics of mammarenavirus populations and their biological implications.
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8
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Forni D, Cagliani R, Clerici M, Sironi M. Disease-causing human viruses: novelty and legacy. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:1232-1242. [PMID: 35902319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
About 270 viruses are known to infect humans. Some of these viruses have been known for centuries, whereas others have recently emerged. During their evolutionary history, humans have moved out of Africa to populate the world. In historical times, human migrations resulted in the displacement of large numbers of people. All these events determined the movement and dispersal of human-infecting viruses. Technological advances have resulted in the characterization of the genetic variability of human viruses, both in extant and in archaeological samples. Field studies investigated the diversity of viruses hosted by other animals. In turn, these advances provided insight into the evolutionary history of human viruses back in time and defined the key events through which they originated and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Forni
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
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9
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Ren F, Shen S, Wang Q, Wei G, Huang C, Wang H, Ning YJ, Zhang DY, Deng F. Recent Advances in Bunyavirus Reverse Genetics Research: Systems Development, Applications, and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:771934. [PMID: 34950119 PMCID: PMC8689132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.771934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bunyaviruses are members of the Bunyavirales order, which is the largest group of RNA viruses, comprising 12 families, including a large group of emerging and re-emerging viruses. These viruses can infect a wide variety of species worldwide, such as arthropods, protozoans, plants, animals, and humans, and pose substantial threats to the public. In view of the fact that a better understanding of the life cycle of a highly pathogenic virus is often a precondition for developing vaccines and antivirals, it is urgent to develop powerful tools to unravel the molecular basis of the pathogenesis. However, biosafety level −3 or even −4 containment laboratory is considered as a necessary condition for working with a number of bunyaviruses, which has hampered various studies. Reverse genetics systems, including minigenome (MG), infectious virus-like particle (iVLP), and infectious full-length clone (IFLC) systems, are capable of recapitulating some or all steps of the viral replication cycle; among these, the MG and iVLP systems have been very convenient and effective tools, allowing researchers to manipulate the genome segments of pathogenic viruses at lower biocontainment to investigate the viral genome transcription, replication, virus entry, and budding. The IFLC system is generally developed based on the MG or iVLP systems, which have facilitated the generation of recombinant infectious viruses. The MG, iVLP, and IFLC systems have been successfully developed for some important bunyaviruses and have been widely employed as powerful tools to investigate the viral replication cycle, virus–host interactions, virus pathogenesis, and virus evolutionary process. The majority of bunyaviruses is generally enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses with two to six genome segments, of which the viruses with bipartite and tripartite genome segments have mostly been characterized. This review aimed to summarize current knowledge on reverse genetic studies of representative bunyaviruses causing severe diseases in humans and animals, which will contribute to the better understanding of the bunyavirus replication cycle and provide some hints for developing designed antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Ren
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongya Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-Yu Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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10
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Wang N, Yang L, Li G, Zhang X, Shao J, Ma J, Chen S, Liu Q. Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Wenzhou virus in rodents in Guangzhou, China. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:301. [PMID: 34496846 PMCID: PMC8424800 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wenzhou virus (WENV), a newly discovered mammarenavirus in rodents, is associated with fever and respiratory symptoms in humans. This study was aimed to detect and characterize the emerging virus in rodents in Guangzhou, China. Results A total of 100 small mammals, including 70 Rattus norvegicus, 22 Suncus murinus, 4 Bandicota indica, 3 Rattus flavipectus, and 1 Rattus losea, were captured in Guangzhou, and their brain tissues were collected and pooled for metagenomic analysis, which generated several contigs targeting the genome of WENV. Two R. norvegicus (2.9%) were further confirmed to be infected with WENV by RT-PCR. The complete genome (RnGZ37-2018 and RnGZ40-2018) shared 85.1–88.9% nt and 83.2–96.3% aa sequence identities to the Cambodian strains that have been shown to be associated with human disease. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all identified WENV could be grouped into four different lineages, and the two Guangzhou strains formed an independent clade. We also analyzed the potential recombinant events occurring in WENV strains. Conclusions Our study showed a high genetic diversity of WENV strains in China, emphasizing the relevance of surveillance of this emerging mammarenavirus in both natural reservoirs and humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03009-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, 440605, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lichao Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, 440605, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guohui Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, 440605, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, 440605, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianwei Shao
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, 440605, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, 440605, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shouyi Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 510440, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Quan Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, 440605, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.
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11
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Simo Tchetgna H, Descorps-Declère S, Selekon B, Kwasiborski A, Vandenbogaert M, Manuguerra JC, Gessain A, Caro V, Nakouné E, Berthet N. Molecular characterization of a new highly divergent Mobala related arenavirus isolated from Praomys sp. rodents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10188. [PMID: 33986310 PMCID: PMC8119949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Arenaviruses represent a family of viruses that are naturally present in rodents belonging to subfamily Murinae, Neotominae or Sigmodontinae. Except for Lassa virus, little information is available on other Old-World arenaviruses. Here, we describe strain AnRB3214, a virus isolated from a presumed Praomys sp. rodent in the Central African Republic in 1981 and assigned to Ippy virus based on antigenic similarity. The strain was simultaneously sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and MinION Mk1B devices and analysed with various bioinformatics tools. We show that the best genome coverage and depth were obtained with the Kaiju and Minimap2 classification and identification tools, on either the MinION or the Illumina reads. The genetic analysis of AnRB3214 fragments showed 68% to 79% similarity with the Mobala and Gairo mammarenaviruses at the nucleic acid level. Strain AnRB3214 had a truncated nucleoprotein smaller than that of other Old World arenaviruses. Molecular clock analysis suggests that this strain diverged from Mobala virus at least 400 years ago. Finally, this study illustrates the importance of genomics in the identification of archived viruses and expands on the diversity of African arenaviruses, because strain AnRB3214 is either a variant or a close relative of Mobala virus, and not Ippy virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huguette Simo Tchetgna
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Stephane Descorps-Declère
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology (C3BI), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurelia Kwasiborski
- Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, Institut Pasteur, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Vandenbogaert
- Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, Institut Pasteur, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Manuguerra
- Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, Institut Pasteur, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Caro
- Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, Institut Pasteur, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Berthet
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, Institut Pasteur, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Paris, France.
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12
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Plewe MB, Gantla VR, Sokolova NV, Shin YJ, Naik S, Brown ER, Fetsko A, Zhang L, Kalveram B, Freiberg AN, Henkel G, McCormack K. Discovery of a novel highly potent broad-spectrum heterocyclic chemical series of arenavirus cell entry inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:127983. [PMID: 33965007 PMCID: PMC10187606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We identified and explored the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a novel heterocyclic chemical series of arenavirus cell entry inhibitors. Optimized lead compounds, including diphenyl-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, benzimidazoles, and benzotriazoles exhibited low to sub-nanomolar potency against both pseudotyped and infectious Old and New World arenaviruses, attractive metabolic stability in human and most nonhuman liver microsomes as well as a lack of hERG K + channel or CYP enzyme inhibition. Moreover, the straightforward synthesis of several lead compounds (e.g., the simple high yield 3-step synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine 37) could provide a cost-effective broad-spectrum arenavirus therapeutic that may help to minimize the cost-prohibitive burdens associated with treatments for emerging viruses in economically challenged geographical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Plewe
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego 92121, CA, United States
| | - Vidyasagar Reddy Gantla
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego 92121, CA, United States
| | - Nadezda V Sokolova
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego 92121, CA, United States
| | - Young-Jun Shin
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego 92121, CA, United States
| | - Shibani Naik
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego 92121, CA, United States
| | - Eric R Brown
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego 92121, CA, United States
| | - Alexandra Fetsko
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego 92121, CA, United States
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, TX, United States
| | - Birte Kalveram
- Department of Pathology, and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, TX, United States
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, TX, United States
| | - Greg Henkel
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego 92121, CA, United States
| | - Ken McCormack
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego 92121, CA, United States.
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13
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Li X, Peng T. Strategy, Progress, and Challenges of Drug Repurposing for Efficient Antiviral Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:660710. [PMID: 34017257 PMCID: PMC8129523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.660710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging or re-emerging viruses are still major threats to public health. Prophylactic vaccines represent the most effective way to prevent virus infection; however, antivirals are more promising for those viruses against which vaccines are not effective enough or contemporarily unavailable. Because of the slow pace of novel antiviral discovery, the high disuse rates, and the substantial cost, repurposing of the well-characterized therapeutics, either approved or under investigation, is becoming an attractive strategy to identify the new directions to treat virus infections. In this review, we described recent progress in identifying broad-spectrum antivirals through drug repurposing. We defined the two major categories of the repurposed antivirals, direct-acting repurposed antivirals (DARA) and host-targeting repurposed antivirals (HTRA). Under each category, we summarized repurposed antivirals with potential broad-spectrum activity against a variety of viruses and discussed the possible mechanisms of action. Finally, we proposed the potential investigative directions of drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Cagliani R, Mozzi A, Pontremoli C, Sironi M. Evolution and Origin of Human Viruses. Virology 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119818526.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Grimwood RM, Holmes EC, Geoghegan JL. A Novel Rubi-Like Virus in the Pacific Electric Ray ( Tetronarce californica) Reveals the Complex Evolutionary History of the Matonaviridae. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040585. [PMID: 33807136 PMCID: PMC8067182 DOI: 10.3390/v13040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubella virus (RuV) is the causative agent of rubella ("German measles") and remains a global health concern. Until recently, RuV was the only known member of the genus Rubivirus and the only virus species classified within the Matonaviridae family of positive-sense RNA viruses. Recently, two new rubella-like matonaviruses, Rustrela virus and Ruhugu virus, have been identified in several mammalian species, along with more divergent viruses in fish and reptiles. To screen for the presence of additional novel rubella-like viruses, we mined published transcriptome data using genome sequences from Rubella, Rustrela, and Ruhugu viruses as baits. From this, we identified a novel rubella-like virus in a transcriptome of Tetronarce californica-order Torpediniformes (Pacific electric ray)-that is more closely related to mammalian Rustrela virus than to the divergent fish matonavirus and indicative of a complex pattern of cross-species virus transmission. Analysis of host reads confirmed that the sample analysed was indeed from a Pacific electric ray, and two other viruses identified in this animal, from the Arenaviridae and Reoviridae, grouped with other fish viruses. These findings indicate that the evolutionary history of the Matonaviridae is more complex than previously thought and highlights the vast number of viruses that remain undiscovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Grimwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Jemma L. Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington 5018, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
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16
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Wang M, Li R, Li Y, Yu C, Chi X, Wu S, Liu S, Xu J, Chen W. Construction and Immunological Evaluation of an Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Candidate for Lassa Fever. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030484. [PMID: 33804206 PMCID: PMC8001012 DOI: 10.3390/v13030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is a rodent-borne arenavirus circulating in West African regions that causes Lassa fever (LF). LF is normally asymptomatic at the initial infection stage, but can progress to severe disease with multiorgan collapse and hemorrhagic fever. To date, the therapeutic choices are limited, and there is no approved vaccine for avoiding LASV infection. Adenoviral vector-based vaccines represent an effective countermeasure against LASV because of their safety and adequate immunogenicity, as demonstrated in use against other emerging viral infections. Here, we constructed and characterized a novel Ad5 (E1-, E3-) vectored vaccine containing the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) of LASV. Ad5-GPCLASV elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, a bioluminescent imaging-based BALB/c mouse model infected with GPC-bearing and luciferase-expressing replication-incompetent LASV pseudovirus was utilized to evaluate the vaccine efficacy. The bioluminescence intensity of immunized mice was significantly lower than that of control mice after being inoculated with LASV pseudovirus. This study suggests that Ad5-GPCLASV represents a potential vaccine candidate against LF.
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17
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Cellular Entry and Host Range Restriction of Lujo Virus. mBio 2021; 13:e0306021. [PMID: 35164564 PMCID: PMC8844913 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03060-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other human-pathogenic arenaviruses, Lujo virus (LUJV) is a causative agent of viral hemorrhagic fever in humans. LUJV infects humans with high mortality rates, but the susceptibilities of other animal species and the molecular determinants of its host specificity remain unknown. We found that mouse- and hamster-derived cell lines (NIH 3T3 and BHK, respectively) were less susceptible to a replication-incompetent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana) pseudotyped with the LUJV glycoprotein (GP) (VSVΔG*-LUJV/GP) than were human-derived cell lines (HEK293T and Huh7). To determine the cellular factors involved in the differential susceptibilities between the human and mouse cell lines, we focused on the CD63 molecule, which is required for pH-activated GP-mediated membrane fusion during LUJV entry into host cells. The exogenous introduction of human CD63, but not mouse or hamster CD63, into BHK cells significantly increased susceptibility to VSVΔG*-LUJV/GP. Using chimeric human-mouse CD63 proteins, we found that the amino acid residues at positions 141 to 150 in the large extracellular loop (LEL) region of CD63 were important for the cellular entry of VSVΔG*-LUJV/GP. By site-directed mutagenesis, we further determined that a phenylalanine at position 143 in human CD63 was the key residue for efficient membrane fusion and VSVΔG*-LUJV/GP infection. Our data suggest that the interaction of LUJV GP with the LEL region of CD63 is essential for cell susceptibility to LUJV, thus providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular entry of LUJV and the host range restriction of this virus. IMPORTANCE Lujo virus (LUJV) infects humans with high mortality rates, but the host range of LUJV remains unknown. We found that rodent-derived cell lines were less susceptible to LUJV infection than were human-derived cell lines, and the differential susceptibilities were determined by the difference of CD63, the intercellular receptor of LUJV. We further identified an amino acid residue on human CD63 important for efficient LUJV infection. These results suggest that the interaction between LUJV glycoprotein and CD63 is one of the important factors determining the host range of LUJV. Our findings on the CD63-regulated susceptibilities of the cell lines to LUJV infection provide important information for the development of anti-LUJV drugs as well as the identification of natural hosts of LUJV. Importantly, our data support a concept explaining the molecular mechanism underlying viral tropisms controlled by endosomal receptors.
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18
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Population structure of Lassa Mammarenavirus in West Africa. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040437. [PMID: 32294960 PMCID: PMC7232344 DOI: 10.3390/v12040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa mammarenavirus (LASV) is the etiologic agent of Lassa fever. In endemic regions in West Africa, LASV genetic diversity tends to cluster by geographic area. Seven LASV lineages are recognized, but the role of viral genetic determinants on disease presentation in humans is uncertain. We investigated the geographic structure and distribution of LASV in West Africa. We found strong spatial clustering of LASV populations, with two major east–west and north–south diversity gradients. Analysis of ancestry components indicated that known LASV lineages diverged from an ancestral population that most likely circulated in Nigeria, although alternative locations, such as Togo, cannot be excluded. Extant sequences carrying the largest contribution of this ancestral population include the prototype Pinneo strain, the Togo isolates, and a few viruses isolated in Nigeria. The LASV populations that experienced the strongest drift circulate in Mali and the Ivory Coast. By focusing on sequences form a single LASV sublineage (IIg), we identified an ancestry component possibly associated with protection from a fatal disease outcome. Although the same ancestry component tends to associate with lower viral loads in plasma, the small sample size requires that these results are treated with extreme caution.
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19
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Escalera-Antezana JP, Rodriguez-Villena OJ, Arancibia-Alba AW, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Clinical features of fatal cases of Chapare virus hemorrhagic fever originating from rural La Paz, Bolivia, 2019: A cluster analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 36:101589. [PMID: 32061859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2003 an emerging mammarenavirus (formerly arenaviruses) was discovered in Bolivia and named Chapare (CHAPV). It was associated with severe and fatal hemorrhagic fever, being similar in clinical features to Machupo (MACV). In mid-2019, CHAPV was the cause of a cluster of five cases, two of them laboratory confirmed, three of them fatal. Here, we report the main clinical findings, epidemiological features and the potential ecological aspects, of that cluster of cases in rural La Paz, Bolivia. METHODS For this observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study, information was obtained from the Hospitals and the Ministry of Health for the cases that were laboratory-diagnosed and related, during 2019. RT-PCR was used for the detection of the RNA of CHAPV in the blood samples. RESULTS Two cases were RT-PCR + for CHAPV. The median age of patients was 42 y-old (IQR 25-45), four out of five were male. All patients were hospitalized, admitted to the ICU and had fever, upper digestive hemorrhage, with two of them, presenting ARDS, and requiring mechanical ventilation. Three patients died (case fatality rate, CFR 60%). CONCLUSIONS Mammarenaviruses led to a high fatality rate. These cases occurred in areas with suitable ecoepidemiological conditions for rodent-borne diseases, including CHAPV infection. Socioenvironmental and occupational factors in rural areas of Bolivia may contribute with the risk of zoonotic spillover and transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar J Rodriguez-Villena
- Emergency Department and Emergency Medical Residency Program Coordination, Hospital Obrero N1, Caja Nacional de Salud, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Incubator in Zoonosis (SIZOO), Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation Research Group (BIOECOS), Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Universidad Franz Tamayo/UNIFRANZ, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
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20
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Monoclonal Antibodies with Neutralizing Activity and Fc-Effector Functions against the Machupo Virus Glycoprotein. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01741-19. [PMID: 31801871 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01741-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Machupo virus (MACV), the causative agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF), is a New World arenavirus that was first isolated in Bolivia from a human spleen in 1963. Due to the lack of a specific vaccine or therapy, this virus is considered a major risk to public health and is classified as a category A priority pathogen by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. In this study, we used DNA vaccination against the MACV glycoprotein precursor complex (GPC) and murine hybridoma technology to generate 25 mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the GPC of MACV. Out of 25 MAbs, five were found to have potent neutralization activity in vitro against a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing MACV GPC (VSV-MACV) as well as against authentic MACV. Furthermore, the five neutralizing MAbs exhibited strong antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in a reporter assay. When tested in vivo using VSV-MACV in a Stat2-/- mouse model, three MAbs significantly lowered viral loads in the spleen. Our work provides valuable insights into epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies that could be potent targets for vaccines and therapeutics and shed light on the importance of effector functions in immunity against MACV.IMPORTANCE MACV infections are a significant public health concern and lead to high case fatality rates. No specific treatment or vaccine for MACV infections exist. However, cases of Junin virus infection, a related virus, can be treated with convalescent-phase serum. This indicates that a MAb-based therapy for MACV could be effective. Here, we describe several MAbs that neutralize MACV and could be used for this purpose.
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21
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[Molecular mechanisms of highly pathogenic viruses' replication and their applications for a novel drug discovery]. Uirusu 2020; 70:69-82. [PMID: 33967116 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.70.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Productive (lytic) replication of DNA viruses elicits host cell DNA damage responses, which cause both beneficial and detrimental effects on viral replication. Viruses utilize them and selectively cancel the 'noisy' downstream signaling pathways, leading to maintain high S-phase CDK activities required for viral replication. To achieve this fine tuning of cellular environment, herpesviruses encode many (>70) genes in their genome, which are expressed in a strictly regulated temporal cascade (immediate-early, early, and late). Here, I introduce and discuss how Epstein-Barr virus, an oncogenic herpesvirus, hijacks the cellular environment and adapt it for the progeny production.
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22
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Pan X, Wu Y, Wang W, Zhang L, Xiao G. Development of horse neutralizing immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin fragments against Junín virus. Antiviral Res 2019; 174:104666. [PMID: 31760108 PMCID: PMC7114285 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Argentine haemorrhagic fever (AHF) is a rodent-borne disease with a lethality as high as ~30%, which is caused by the New World arenavirus, Junín virus (JUNV). It was once a major epidemic in South America and puts millions of people in Argentina at risk. Here, we aimed to develop horse antibodies or antibody fragments against JUNV. Before preparing the horse antibodies, a strategy to efficiently generate horse antisera was established based on comparisons among immunogens and immunization methods in both mice and horses. Antisera against JUNV were finally obtained by vaccinating horses with vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes bearing JUNV GP. The horse antibodies IgG and F(ab’)2 were subsequently demonstrated to effectively neutralize vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes bearing JUNV GP and to show some cross-neutralization against pathogenic New World arenaviruses. Further research revealed that Asp123 on GP1 is an important site for the binding of antibodies targeting mainly JUNV GP1 for neutralization. Collectively, this study presents an efficient strategy to develop horse antisera against JUNV and provides GP1-specific horse antibodies as potential therapeutics for AHF. Junín pseudo-typed virus efficiently stimulates neutralizing antibodies in mice and horses. Horse immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin fragments potentially neutralize Junín virus. Horse antibodies show some cross-neutralization against the pathogenic New World arenaviruses. Asp123 is an important site on glycoprotein 1 for the binding of horse neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Plewe MB, Whitby LR, Naik S, Brown ER, Sokolova NV, Gantla VR, York J, Nunberg JH, Zhang L, Kalveram B, Freiberg AN, Boger DL, Henkel G, McCormack K. SAR studies of 4-acyl-1,6-dialkylpiperazin-2-one arenavirus cell entry inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126620. [PMID: 31537423 PMCID: PMC6803051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Old World (Africa) and New World (South America) arenaviruses are associated with human hemorrhagic fevers. Efforts to develop small molecule therapeutics have yielded several chemical series including the 4-acyl-1,6-dialkylpiperazin-2-ones. Herein, we describe an extensive exploration of this chemotype. In initial Phase I studies, R1 and R4 scanning libraries were assayed to identify potent substituents against Old World (Lassa) virus. In subsequent Phase II studies, R6 substituents and iterative R1, R4 and R6 substituent combinations were evaluated to obtain compounds with improved Lassa and New World (Machupo, Junin, and Tacaribe) arenavirus inhibitory activity, in vitro human liver microsome metabolic stability and aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Plewe
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92054, United States
| | - Landon R Whitby
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Shibani Naik
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92054, United States
| | - Eric R Brown
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92054, United States
| | - Nadezda V Sokolova
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92054, United States
| | - Vidyasagar Reddy Gantla
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92054, United States
| | - Joanne York
- Montana Biotechnology Center, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Jack H Nunberg
- Montana Biotechnology Center, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Birte Kalveram
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Greg Henkel
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92054, United States
| | - Ken McCormack
- Arisan Therapeutics, 11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92054, United States.
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Proteomics Computational Analyses Suggest that the Antennavirus Glycoprotein Complex Includes a Class I Viral Fusion Protein (α-Penetrene) with an Internal Zinc-Binding Domain and a Stable Signal Peptide. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080750. [PMID: 31416162 PMCID: PMC6722660 DOI: 10.3390/v11080750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A metatranscriptomic study of RNA viruses in cold-blooded vertebrates identified two related viruses from frogfish (Antennarius striatus) that represent a new genus Antennavirus in the family Arenaviridae (Order: Bunyavirales). Computational analyses were used to identify features common to class I viral fusion proteins (VFPs) in antennavirus glycoproteins, including an N-terminal fusion peptide, two extended alpha-helices, an intrahelical loop, and a carboxyl terminal transmembrane domain. Like mammarenavirus and hartmanivirus glycoproteins, the antennavirus glycoproteins have an intracellular zinc-binding domain and a long virion-associated stable signal peptide (SSP). The glycoproteins of reptarenaviruses are also class I VFPs, but do not contain zinc-binding domains nor do they encode SSPs. Divergent evolution from a common progenitor potentially explains similarities of antennavirus, mammarenavirus, and hartmanivirus glycoproteins, with an ancient recombination event resulting in a divergent reptarenavirus glycoprotein.
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