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Chen Y, Song X, Chen W, Zhao X, Yang L, Liu D. Epitope screening and self-assembled nanovaccine molecule design of PDCoV-S protein based on immunoinformatics. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1402963. [PMID: 38903798 PMCID: PMC11186991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1402963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the whole virus or spike protein of pigs, δ coronavirus (PDCoV) as an immunogen may have unrelated antigenic epitope interference. Therefore, it is essential for screening and identifying advantageous protective antigen epitopes. In addition, immunoinformatic tools are described as an important aid in determining protective antigenic epitopes. In this study, the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of vaccines were measured using ExPASy, PSIPRED 4.0, and trRosetta servers. Meanwhile, the molecular docking analysis and vector of the candidate nanovaccine were constructed. The immune response of the candidate vaccine was simulated and predicted using the C-ImmSim server. This experiment screened B cell epitopes with strong immunogenicity and high conservation, CTL epitopes, and Th epitopes with IFN-γ and IL-4 positive spike proteins. Ferritin is used as a self-assembled nanoparticle element for designing candidate nanovaccine. After analysis, it has been found to be soluble, stable, non-allergenic, and has a high affinity for its target receptor, TLR-3. The preliminary simulation analysis results show that the candidate nanovaccine has the ability to induce a humoral and cellular immune response. Therefore, it may provide a new theoretical basis for research on coronavirus self-assembled nanovaccines. It may be an effective candidate vaccine for controlling and preventing PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dongyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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2
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Kim JH, Park J, Lee DK, Kim WI, Lyoo YS, Park CK, Kim HR. Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus in Korean Pig Farms. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1698. [PMID: 38891745 PMCID: PMC11171391 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) is a member of the species Alphacoronavirus 1 within the genus Alphacoronavirus of the family Coronaviridae. A few studies have been conducted on the prevalence of PRCV since its first identification in 1997, but there have been no recent studies on the prevalence and genetic characterization of the virus in Korea. In this study, the seroprevalence of PRCV was determined in Korean pig farms using a commercially available TGEV/PRCV differential enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The farm-level seroprevalence of PRCV was determined to be 68.6% (48/70), similar to previous reports in Korea, suggesting that PRCV is still circulating in Korean pig herds nationwide. Among the 20 PRCV-seropositive farms tested in this study, PRCV RNAs were detected in 17 oral fluid samples (28.3%) from nine farms (45.0%), while TGEV RNAs were not detected in any sample. To investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean PRCV strains, genetic and phylogenetic analyses were conducted on PRCV spike gene sequences obtained in this study. The three Korean PRCV strains (KPRCV2401, KPRCV2402, and KPRCV2403) shared 98.5-100% homology with each other and 96.2-96.6% and 91.6-94.5% homology with European and American strains, respectively. A 224-amino acid deletion was found in the S gene of both Korean and European PRCVs but not in that of American PRCVs, suggesting a European origin for Korean PRCVs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Korean PRCVs are more closely related to European PRCVs than American PRCVs but clustered apart from both, suggesting that Korean PRCV has evolved independently since its emergence in Korean PRCVs. The results of this study will help expand knowledge on the epidemiology and molecular biology of PRCV currently circulating in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Han Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (Y.S.L.)
- Swine Medical Corporation, Sunjin Bridge Lab, Icheon 17332, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Park
- Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (D.-K.L.); (C.-K.P.)
- DIVA Bio Incorporation, Daegu 41519, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (D.-K.L.); (C.-K.P.)
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young S. Lyoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (Y.S.L.)
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (D.-K.L.); (C.-K.P.)
| | - Hye-Ryung Kim
- Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (D.-K.L.); (C.-K.P.)
- DIVA Bio Incorporation, Daegu 41519, Republic of Korea
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3
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Yuan C, Lin Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Yuan H, Li T, Song Q. Effects of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on CD21 + B cells activation. Vet Microbiol 2024; 293:110087. [PMID: 38663176 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a devastating pathogen of acute- gastrointestinal infectious diseases, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and high morbidity and mortality among neonatal piglets. Humoral immunity plays a vital role in the host anti-PEDV infection process, but the mechanism of PEDV-induced B-cell immune response remains unknown. In this study, the effects of PEDV infection on CD21+ B cell activation were systematically analyzed through animal experiments. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) revealed that low levels of serum-specific IgA, IgM, or IgG were detected in piglets after PEDV infection, respectively. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels increased significantly at 4 d after infection, and the levels of IL-4, B-cell activating factor (BAFF), interferon (IFN)-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-10 decreased at 7 d after infection. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) showed that expression levels of CD21, MHC Ⅱ, CD40, and CD38 on B cell surfaces were significantly higher. In contrast, the proportions of CD21+IgM+ B cells were decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the infected piglets. No differences were found in the percentage of CD21+CD80+ and CD21+CD27+ B cells in PBMCs from the infected piglets. In addition, the number of CD21+B cells in PBMCs stimulated with PEDV in vitro was significantly lower. No significant change in the mRNA expression of BCR molecules was found while the expression levels of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIR-B), B cell adaptor molecule of 32 kDa (Bam32) and BAFF were decreased. In conclusion, our research demonstrates that virulent strains of PEDV profoundly impact B cell activation, leading to alterations in phenotypic expression and BCR signaling molecules. Furthermore, this dysregulation results in compromised specific antibody secretion and perturbed cytokine production, highlighting the intricate immunological dysfunctions induced by PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yidan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hongxing Yuan
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Guantao County, Handan, Hebei Province 057750, China
| | - Tanqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qinye Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China.
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Tang Q, Lan T, Zhou C, Gao J, Wu L, Wei H, Li W, Tang Z, Tang W, Diao H, Xu Y, Peng X, Pang J, Zhao X, Sun Z. Nutrition strategies to control post-weaning diarrhea of piglets: From the perspective of feeds. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:297-311. [PMID: 38800731 PMCID: PMC11127239 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is a globally significant threat to the swine industry. Historically, antibiotics as well as high doses of zinc oxide and copper sulfate have been commonly used to control PWD. However, the development of bacterial resistance and environmental pollution have created an interest in alternative strategies. In recent years, the research surrounding these alternative strategies and the mechanisms of piglet diarrhea has been continually updated. Mechanically, diarrhea in piglets is a result of an imbalance in intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption and secretion. In general, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and diarrheal viruses are known to cause an imbalance in the absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets, resulting in diarrhea when Cl- secretion-driven fluid secretion surpasses absorptive capacity. From a perspective of feedstuffs, factors that contribute to imbalances in fluid absorption and secretion in the intestines of weaned piglets include high levels of crude protein (CP), stimulation by certain antigenic proteins, high acid-binding capacity (ABC), and contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON) in the diet. In response, efforts to reduce CP levels in diets, select feedstuffs with lower ABC values, and process feedstuffs using physical, chemical, and biological approaches are important strategies for alleviating PWD in piglets. Additionally, the diet supplementation with additives such as vitamins and natural products can also play a role in reducing the diarrhea incidence in weaned piglets. Here, we examine the mechanisms of absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets, summarize nutritional strategies to control PWD in piglets from the perspective of feeds, and provide new insights towards future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chengyu Zhou
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jingchun Gao
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liuting Wu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haiyang Wei
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Hui Diao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yetong Xu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xie Peng
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaman Pang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 644005, China
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5
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Zhu H, Wang G, Liu X, Wu W, Yu T, Zhang W, Liu X, Cheng G, Wei L, Ni L, Peng Z, Li X, Xu D, Qian P, Chen P. Establishment and application of a quadruplex real-time RT-qPCR assay for differentiation of TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106646. [PMID: 38631414 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Porcine viral diarrhea is a common ailment in clinical settings, causing significant economic losses to the swine industry. Notable culprits behind porcine viral diarrhea encompass transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and porcine rotavirus-A (PoRVA). Co-infections involving the viruses are a common occurrence in clinical settings, thereby amplifying the complexities associated with differential diagnosis. As a consequence, it is therefore necessary to develop a method that can detect and differentiate all four porcine diarrhea viruses (TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA) with a high sensitivity and specificity. Presently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the go-to method for pathogen detection. In comparison to conventional PCR, TaqMan real-time PCR offers heightened sensitivity, superior specificity, and enhanced accuracy. This study aimed to develop a quadruplex real-time RT-qPCR assay, utilizing TaqMan probes, for the distinctive detection of TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA. The quadruplex real-time RT-qPCR assay, as devised in this study, exhibited the capacity to avoid the detection of unrelated pathogens and demonstrated commendable specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility, boasting a limit of detection (LOD) of 27 copies/μL. In a comparative analysis involving 5483 clinical samples, the results from the commercial RT-qPCR kit and the quadruplex RT-qPCR for TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA detection were entirely consistent. Following sample collection from October to March in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, we assessed the prevalence of TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA in piglet diarrhea samples, revealing positive detection rates of 0.2 % (11/5483), 8.82 % (485/5483), 1.22 % (67/5483), and 4.94 % (271/5483), respectively. The co-infection rates of PEDV/PoRVA, PEDV/PDCoV, TGEV/PED/PoRVA, and PDCoV/PoRVA were 0.39 %, 0.11 %, 0.01 %, and 0.03 %, respectively, with no detection of other co-infections, as determined by the quadruplex real-time RT-qPCR. This research not only established a valuable tool for the simultaneous differentiation of TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA in practical applications but also provided crucial insights into the prevalence of these viral pathogens causing diarrhea in Guangxi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechao Zhu
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., LTD, Guigang, 537100, China; National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., LTD, Guigang, 537100, China
| | - Xiangzu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Teng Yu
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., LTD, Guigang, 537100, China
| | | | - Xiangdong Liu
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., LTD, Guigang, 537100, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guofu Cheng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Liuqing Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lumei Ni
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., LTD, Guigang, 537100, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dequan Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Pin Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Yang C, Sun JY, Li XL, Cheng N, Wang KY, Li LQ, Cheng XJ, Sun YF. Emerging and re-emerging genotype 2c porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus with high pathogenicity in China. J Infect 2024; 89:106192. [PMID: 38830411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jiu-Ying Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xin-Lei Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Kai-Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Li-Qin Li
- Tianjin Zhongsheng Challenge Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Cheng
- Tianjin Zhongsheng Challenge Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300380, China.
| | - Ying-Feng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China.
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7
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Schäfer A, Gralinski LE, Leist SR, Hampton BK, Mooney MA, Jensen KL, Graham RL, Agnihothram S, Jeng S, Chamberlin S, Bell TA, Scobey DT, Linnertz CL, VanBlargan LA, Thackray LB, Hock P, Miller DR, Shaw GD, Diamond MS, de Villena FPM, McWeeney SK, Heise MT, Menachery VD, Ferris MT, Baric RS. Genetic loci regulate Sarbecovirus pathogenesis: A comparison across mice and humans. Virus Res 2024; 344:199357. [PMID: 38508400 PMCID: PMC10981091 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus (CoV) cause considerable morbidity and mortality in humans and other mammals, as evidenced by the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2003, Middle East Respiratory CoV (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Although poorly characterized, natural genetic variation in human and other mammals modulate virus pathogenesis, as reflected by the spectrum of clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infections to lethal disease. Using multiple human epidemic and zoonotic Sarbecoviruses, coupled with murine Collaborative Cross genetic reference populations, we identify several dozen quantitative trait loci that regulate SARS-like group-2B CoV pathogenesis and replication. Under a Chr4 QTL, we deleted a candidate interferon stimulated gene, Trim14 which resulted in enhanced SARS-CoV titers and clinical disease, suggesting an antiviral role during infection. Importantly, about 60 % of the murine QTL encode susceptibility genes identified as priority candidates from human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) studies after SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that similar selective forces have targeted analogous genes and pathways to regulate Sarbecovirus disease across diverse mammalian hosts. These studies provide an experimental platform in rodents to investigate the molecular-genetic mechanisms by which potential cross mammalian susceptibility loci and genes regulate type-specific and cross-SARS-like group 2B CoV replication, immunity, and pathogenesis in rodent models. Our study also provides a paradigm for identifying susceptibility loci for other highly heterogeneous and virulent viruses that sporadically emerge from zoonotic reservoirs to plague human and animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brea K Hampton
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Mooney
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kara L Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L Graham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sudhakar Agnihothram
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Steven Chamberlin
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Timothy A Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D Trevor Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Colton L Linnertz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ginger D Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology2, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology3, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense & Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA.
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8
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Zhang B, Gou H, Shen H, Zhang C, Liu Z, Wuri N, Nie J, Qu Y, Zhang J, Geri L. Display of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein B-cell linear epitope on Lactobacillus mucosae G01 S-layer surface induce a robust immunogenicity in mice. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:142. [PMID: 38773481 PMCID: PMC11110301 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) presents a substantial risk to the domestic pig industry, resulting in extensive and fatal viral diarrhea among piglets. Recognizing the mucosal stimulation triggered by PEDV and harnessing the regulatory impact of lactobacilli on intestinal function, we have developed a lactobacillus-based vaccine that is carefully designed to elicit a strong mucosal immune response. Through bioinformatics analysis, we examined PEDV S proteins to identify B-cell linear epitopes that meet the criteria of being non-toxic, soluble, antigenic, and capable of neutralizing the virus. In this study, a genetically modified strain of Lactobacillus mucosae G01 (L.mucosae G01) was created by utilizing the S layer protein (SLP) as a scaffold for surface presentation. Chimeric immunodominant epitopes with neutralizing activity were incorporated at various sites on SLP. The successful expression of SLP chimeric immunodominant epitope 1 on the surface of L.mucosae G01 was confirmed through indirect immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, revealing the formation of a transparent membrane. The findings demonstrate that the oral administration of L.mucosae G01, which expresses the SLP chimeric immunodominant gene epitope1, induces the production of secreted IgA in the intestine and feces of mice. Additionally, there is an elevation in IgG levels in the serum. Moreover, the levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-17 are significantly increased compared to the negative control group. These results suggest that L. mucosae G01 has the ability to deliver exogenous antigens and elicit a specific mucosal immune response against PEDV. This investigation presents new possibilities for immunoprophylaxis against PEDV-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hongchao Gou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Nile Wuri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jingjing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yunzhi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Letu Geri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
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Liu Z, Zhao Y, Yang J, Liu X, Luo Y, Zhu L, Huang K, Sheng F, Du X, Jin M. Seroprevalence of the novel swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus in China assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1367975. [PMID: 38736750 PMCID: PMC11082911 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1367975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The endemic outbreak of SADS-CoV has resulted in economic losses and potentially threatened the safety of China's pig industry. The molecular epidemiology of SADS-CoV in pig herds has been investigated in many provinces in China. However, there are no data over a long-time span, and there is a lack of extensive serological surveys to assess the prevalence of SADS-CoV in Chinese swine herds since the discovery of SADS-CoV. In this study, an indirect anti-SADS-CoV IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the SADS-CoV S1 protein was established to investigate the seroprevalence of SADS-CoV in Chinese swine herds. Cross-reactivity assays, indirect immunofluorescence, and western blotting assays showed that the developed ELISA had excellent SADS-CoV specificity. In total, 12,978 pig serum samples from 29 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions in China were tested from 2022 to 2023. The results showed that the general seroprevalence of SADS-CoV in China was 59.97%, with seroprevalence ranging from 16.7% to 77.12% in different provinces and from 42.61% to 68.45% in different months. SADS-CoV is widely prevalent in China, and its seroprevalence was higher in Northeast China, North China, and Central China than in other regions. Among the four seasons, the prevalence of SADS-CoV was the highest in spring and the lowest in autumn. The results of this study provide the general seroprevalence profile of SADS-CoV in China, facilitating the understanding of the prevalence of SADS-CoV in pigs. More importantly, this study is beneficial in formulating preventive and control measures for SADS-CoV and may provide directions for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuezhu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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10
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Shan X, Li R, Ma X, Qiu G, Xiang Y, Zhang X, Wu D, Wang L, Zhang J, Wang T, Li W, Xiang Y, Song H, Niu D. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanism and vaccine development of porcine Deltacoronavirus. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:79. [PMID: 38653845 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses have been identified as pathogens of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in humans and various animal species. In recent years, the global spread of new coronaviruses has had profound influences for global public health and economies worldwide. As highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses, coronaviruses have become the focus of current research. Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an enterovirus belonging to the family of coronaviruses, has emerged on a global scale in the past decade and significantly influenced the swine industry. Moreover, PDCoV infects not only pigs but also other species, including humans, chickens and cattles, exhibiting a broad host tropism. This emphasizes the need for in-depth studies on coronaviruses to mitigate their potential threats. In this review, we provided a comprehensive summary of the current studies on PDCoV. We first reviewed the epidemiological investigations on the global prevalence and distribution of PDCoV. Then, we delved into the studies on the pathogenesis of PDCoV to understand the mechanisms how the virus impacts its hosts. Furthermore, we also presented some exploration studies on the immune evasion mechanisms of the virus to enhance the understanding of host-virus interactions. Despite current limitations in vaccine development for PDCoV, we highlighted the inhibitory effects observed with certain substances, which offers a potential direction for future research endeavors. In conclusion, this review summarized the scientific findings in epidemiology, pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanisms and vaccine development of PDCoV. The ongoing exploration of potential vaccine candidates and the insights gained from inhibitory substances have provided a solid foundation for future vaccine development to prevent and control diseases associated with PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Jinhua Jinfan Feed Co., Ltd, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqiang Qiu
- Deqing County Ecological Forestry Comprehensive Service Center, Deqing, 313200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Central Hospital of Jinhua City, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - De Wu
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinhua Development Zone, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Jinhua City, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Jinhua City, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Nanjing Kgene Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Houhui Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dong Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Jiao Y, Zhao P, Xu LD, Yu JQ, Cai HL, Zhang C, Tong C, Yang YL, Xu P, Sun Q, Chen N, Wang B, Huang YW. Enteric coronavirus nsp2 is a virulence determinant that recruits NBR1 for autophagic targeting of TBK1 to diminish the innate immune response. Autophagy 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38597182 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2340420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-structural protein 2 (nsp2) exists in all coronaviruses (CoVs), while its primary function in viral pathogenicity, is largely unclear. One such enteric CoV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), causes high mortality in neonatal piglets worldwide. To determine the biological role of nsp2, we generated a PEDV mutant containing a complete nsp2 deletion (rPEDV-Δnsp2) from a highly pathogenic strain by reverse genetics, showing that nsp2 was dispensable for PEDV infection, while its deficiency reduced viral replication in vitro. Intriguingly, rPEDV-Δnsp2 was entirely avirulent in vivo, with significantly increased productions of IFNB (interferon beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in various intestinal tissues of challenged newborn piglets. Notably, nsp2 targets and degrades TBK1 (TANK binding kinase 1), the critical kinase in the innate immune response. Mechanistically, nsp2 induced the macroautophagy/autophagy process and recruited a selective autophagic receptor, NBR1 (NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor). NBR1 subsequently facilitated the K48-linked ubiquitination of TBK1 and delivered it for autophagosome-mediated degradation. Accordingly, the replication of rPEDV-Δnsp2 CoV was restrained by reduced autophagy and excess productions of type I IFNs and ISGs. Our data collectively define enteric CoV nsp2 as a novel virulence determinant, propose a crucial role of nsp2 in diminishing innate antiviral immunity by targeting TBK1 for NBR1-mediated selective autophagy, and pave the way to develop a new type of nsp2-based attenuated PEDV vaccine. The study also provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of other pathogenic CoVs.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CoV: coronavirus; CQ: chloroquine; dpi: days post-inoculation; DMVs: double-membrane vesicles; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GIGYF2: GRB10 interacting GYF protein 2; hpi: hours post-infection; IFA: immunofluorescence assay; IFIH1: interferon induced with helicase C domain 1; IFIT2: interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2; IFITM1: interferon induced transmembrane protein 1; IFNB: interferon beta; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; ISGs: interferon-stimulated genes; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; nsp2: non-structural protein 2; OAS1: 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1; PEDV: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; PRRs: pattern recognition receptors; RIGI: RNA sensor RIG-I; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious doses; VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Jiao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Dong Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hou-Li Cai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd, Taizhou, China
| | - Chao Tong
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd, Taizhou, China
| | - Yong-Le Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd, Taizhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Wei MZ, Chen L, Zhang R, Chen Z, Shen YJ, Zhou BJ, Wang KG, Shan CL, Zhu EP, Cheng ZT. Overview of the recent advances in porcine epidemic diarrhea vaccines. Vet J 2024; 304:106097. [PMID: 38479492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing and controlling porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Conventional vaccines developed from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) GI-a subtypes (CV777 and SM98) have played a vital role in preventing classical PED. However, with the emergence of PEDV mutants in 2010, conventional PEDV GI-a subtype-targeting vaccines no longer provide adequate protection against PEDV GII mutants, thereby making novel-type PED vaccine development an urgent concern to be addressed. Novel vaccines, including nucleic acid vaccines, genetically engineered subunit vaccines, and live vector vaccines, are associated with several advantages, such as high safety and stability, clear targeting, high yield, low cost, and convenient usage. These vaccines can be combined with corresponding ELISA kits to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals, which is beneficial for disease confirmation. This review provides a detailed overview of the recent advancements in PED vaccines, emphasizing on the research and application evaluation of novel PED vaccines. It also considers the future directions and challenges in advancing these vaccines to widespread use in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Zhan Wei
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan-Juan Shen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bi-Jun Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kai-Gong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun-Lan Shan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Er-Peng Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zhen-Tao Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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13
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Baek JH, Lee YM, Vu ND, Kim MH, Zhao J, Le VP, Cho JH, Park JE. A multiplex real-time RT-qPCR assay for simultaneous detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus. Arch Virol 2024; 169:82. [PMID: 38520595 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) cause intestinal diseases with similar manifestations in suckling piglets. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR for differential diagnosis of PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV. The assay demonstrated high specificity with a detection limit of 5 copies/µl for each virus. The assay specifically detected PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV and excluded all other swine pathogens circulating in pigs. Furthermore, the assay exhibited satisfactory performance in analyzing clinical samples. The data indicate that the newly developed multiplex real-time PCR method can be applied for differential diagnosis of porcine enteric coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Baek
- Molecular Diagnostics Team, Genes Laboratories, 388, Dunchon-daero, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13403, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Min Lee
- Molecular Diagnostics Team, Genes Laboratories, 388, Dunchon-daero, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13403, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Duong Vu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Min-Hui Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joo Hyuk Cho
- Molecular Diagnostics Team, Genes Laboratories, 388, Dunchon-daero, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13403, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang F, Luo Y, Lin C, Tan M, Wan P, Xie B, Xiong L, Ji H. Epidemiological monitoring and genetic variation analysis of pathogens associated with porcine viral diarrhea in southern China from 2021 to 2023. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1303915. [PMID: 38572229 PMCID: PMC10987963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1303915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale outbreaks of virus-associated severe diarrhea have occurred in pig populations since 2010. To investigate the prevalence and genetic evolution of the diarrhea-associated viruses responsible for the outbreaks, we tested 1,791 diarrhea samples collected from 213 pig farms in five provinces in southern China between 2021 and 2023. The test results showed that porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was the most frequently detected virus. The prevalence rates ranged from 47.40 to 52.22% in samples and 76.06% (162/213) in pig farms. Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) was the second common virus, with prevalence rates ranging from 25.81 to 50.81% in samples and 72.77%(155/213) in pig farms. Porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) was the third common virus, with prevalence rates ranging from 16.33 to 17.48% in samples and 38.50% (82/213) in pig farms. The detection rates of both transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine acute diarrheal syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) were very low, less than 1.01% in samples and less than 3.76% in pig farms. In this study, we found SADS-CoV only in piglet diarrhea samples from Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Guangxi provinces in China, with a prevalence rate of 5.16% (11/213) in pig farms. Co-infection with these diarrhea-associated viruses is a common occurrence. The most common co-infections were PEDV and PoRV, with a prevalence rate of 6.64% (119/1,791), followed by PDCoV and PoRV, with a prevalence rate of 4.19% (75/1,791). Phylogenetic analyses showed that PEDV and PEDV variants prevalent in southern China during the past three years clustered into genotype GIIb and recombinant PEDV subtypes. Among the currently endemic PEDV, the most common mutations occurred in the collagenase equivalent (COE) and epitope regions of the spike gene. PoRV strains were mainly dominated by the G9 subtype, followed by the G5, G3 and G4 subtypes. Our results suggest that variant PEDV, PDCoV and PoRV are the main pathogens of swine diarrhea, and singular- or co-infection with pathogenic enteric CoV is common in pig herds in southern China. Therefore, prevention and control of porcine viral diarrhea should be given high attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yangyang Luo
- Wen’s Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Wen’s Group Research Institute, Yunfu, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Lin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meifang Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peiwei Wan
- Jiangxi Biological Vocational College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Baobao Xie
- Dabeinong Technology Co., Ltd. of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ligen Xiong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huayuan Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Si L, Gao J, Shu X, Qiu C, Zhang Y, Zu S, Hu H. Serial passage of PDCoV in cell culture reduces its pathogenicity and its damage of gut microbiota homeostasis in piglets. mSystems 2024; 9:e0134623. [PMID: 38349151 PMCID: PMC10949489 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01346-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that mainly causes diarrhea in suckling piglets, and also has the potential for cross-species transmission. However, there are still no commercial vaccines available to prevent and control PDCoV infection. In this study, PDCoV strain HNZK-02 was serially propagated in vitro for up to 150 passages and the amino acid changes have mainly occurred in the S protein during serial passage which caused structure change. PDCoV HNZK-02-passage 5 (P5)-infected piglets exhibited acute and severe watery diarrhea, an obvious intestinal damage, while the piglets infected with PDCoV HNZK-02-P150 showed no obvious clinical signs, weak intestinal lesions, and lower viral loads in rectal swabs and various tissues. Compared with the PDCoV HNZK-02-P5 infection, HNZK-02-P150 infection resulted in a decrease in intestinal mucosal permeability and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, PDCoV HNZK-02-P5 infection had significantly reduced bacterial diversity and increased relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens, while PDCoV HNZK-02-P150 infection did not significantly affect the bacterial diversity, and the relative abundance of probiotics increased. Furthermore, the alterations of gut microbiota were closely related to the change of pro-inflammatory factor. Metagenomics prediction analysis demonstrated that HNZK-02-P150 modulated the tyrosine metabolism, Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, which coincided with lower inflammatory response and intestinal permeability in the piglets infected with HNZK-02-P150. In conclusion, the PDCoV HNZK-02 was successfully attenuated by serial passage in vitro, and the changes of S gene, metabolic function, and gut microbiota may contribute to the attenuation. The PDCoV HNZK-02-P150 may have the potential for developing live-attenuated vaccine.IMPORTANCEPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogen causing severe diarrhea, dehydration, and death in nursing piglets, devastating great economic losses for the global swine industry, and has cross-species transmission and zoonotic potential. There are currently no approved treatments or vaccines available for PDCoV. In addition, gut microbiota has an important relationship with the development of many diseases. Here, the PDCoV virulent HNZK-02 strain was successfully attenuated by serial passage on cell cultures, and the pathogenesis and effects on the gut microbiota composition and metabolic function of the PDCoV HNZK-02-P5 and P150 strains were investigated in piglets. We also found the genetic changes in the S protein during passage in vitro and the gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of PDCoV, while their interaction molecular mechanism would need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Si
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junlong Gao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangli Shu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Congrui Qiu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaopo Zu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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16
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Ye M, Zhu H, Yang Z, Gao Y, Bai J, Jiang P, Liu X, Wang X. Identification of Three Novel Linear B-Cell Epitopes in Non-Structural Protein 3 of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Using Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2024; 16:424. [PMID: 38543789 PMCID: PMC10975687 DOI: 10.3390/v16030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic swine coronavirus that causes diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses within the global swine industry. Nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3) is the largest in coronavirus, playing critical roles in viral replication, such as the processing of polyproteins and the formation of replication-transcription complexes (RTCs). In this study, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 7G4, 5A3, and 2D7, targeting PEDV Nsp3 were successfully generated, and three distinct linear B-cell epitopes were identified within these mAbs by using Western blotting analysis with 24 truncations of Nsp3. The epitope against 7G4 was located on amino acids 31-TISQDLLDVE-40, the epitope against 5A3 was found on amino acids 141-LGIVDDPAMG-150, and the epitope against 2D7 was situated on amino acids 282-FYDAAMAIDG-291. Intriguingly, the epitope 31-TISQDLLDVE-40 recognized by the mAb 7G4 appears to be a critical B-cell linear epitope due to its high antigenic index and exposed location on the surface of Nsp3 protein. In addition, bioinformatics analysis unveiled that these three epitopes were highly conserved in most genotypes of PEDV. These findings present the first characterization of three novel linear B-cell epitopes in the Nsp3 protein of PEDV and provide potential tools of mAbs for identifying host proteins that may facilitate viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (P.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Huixin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (P.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (P.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Yanni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (P.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (P.J.); (X.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (P.J.); (X.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (P.J.); (X.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (P.J.); (X.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Li Z, Xiao W, Yang Z, Guo J, Zhou J, Xiao S, Fang P, Fang L. Cleavage of HDAC6 to dampen its antiviral activity by nsp5 is a common strategy of swine enteric coronaviruses. J Virol 2024; 98:e0181423. [PMID: 38289103 PMCID: PMC10878235 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01814-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
HDAC6, a structurally and functionally unique member of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family, is an important host factor that restricts viral infection. The broad-spectrum antiviral activity of HDAC6 makes it a potent antiviral agent. Previously, we found that HDAC6 functions to antagonize porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus with zoonotic potential. However, the final outcome is typically a productive infection that materializes as cells succumb to viral infection, indicating that the virus has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to combat the antiviral effect of HDAC6. Here, we demonstrate that PDCoV nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5) can cleave HDAC6 at glutamine 519 (Q519), and cleavage of HDAC6 was also detected in the context of PDCoV infection. More importantly, the anti-PDCoV activity of HDAC6 was damaged by nsp5 cleavage. Mechanistically, the cleaved HDAC6 fragments (amino acids 1-519 and 520-1159) lost the ability to degrade PDCoV nsp8 due to their impaired deacetylase activity. Furthermore, nsp5-mediated cleavage impaired the ability of HDAC6 to activate RIG-I-mediated interferon responses. We also tested three other swine enteric coronaviruses (transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and swine acute diarrhea syndrome-coronavirus) and found that all these coronaviruses have adopted similar mechanisms to cleave HDAC6 in both an overexpression system and virus-infected cells, suggesting that cleavage of HDAC6 is a common strategy utilized by swine enteric coronaviruses to antagonize the host's antiviral capacity. Together, these data illustrate how swine enteric coronaviruses antagonize the antiviral function of HDAC6 to maintain their infection, providing new insights to the interaction between virus and host.IMPORTANCEViral infections and host defenses are in constant opposition. Once viruses combat or evade host restriction, productive infection is achieved. HDAC6 is a broad-spectrum antiviral protein that has been demonstrated to inhibit many viruses, including porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). However, whether HDAC6 is reciprocally targeted and disabled by viruses remains unclear. In this study, we used PDCoV as a model and found that HDAC6 is targeted and cleaved by nsp5, a viral 3C-like protease. The cleaved HDAC6 loses its deacetylase activity as well as its ability to degrade viral proteins and activate interferon responses. Furthermore, this cleavage mechanism is shared among other swine enteric coronaviruses. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between viruses and HDAC6, highlighting the strategies employed by viruses to evade host antiviral defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenwen Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Puxian Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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18
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Wang F, Yang G, Yan L. Crystal Structures of Fusion Cores from CCoV-HuPn-2018 and SADS-CoV. Viruses 2024; 16:272. [PMID: 38400047 PMCID: PMC10893436 DOI: 10.3390/v16020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-species spillover to humans of coronaviruses (CoVs) from wildlife animal reservoirs poses marked and global threats to human and animal health. Recently, sporadic infection of canine coronavirus-human pneumonia-2018 (CCoV-HuPn-2018) in hospitalized patients with pneumonia genetically related to canine and feline coronavirus were identified. In addition, swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) had the capability of broad tropism to cultured cells including from humans. Together, the transmission of Alphacoronaviruses that originated in wildlife to humans via intermediate hosts was responsible for the high-impact emerging zoonosis. Entry of CoV is mainly mediated by Spike and formation of a typical six helix bundle (6-HB) structure in the postfusion state of Spike is pivotal. Here, we present the complete fusion core structures of CCoV-HuPn-2018 and SADS-CoV from Alphacoronavirus at 2.10 and 2.59 Å, respectively. The overall structure of the CCoV-HuPn-2018 fusion core is similar to Alphacoronavirus like HCoV-229E, while SADS-CoV is analogous to Betacoronavirus like SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, we provide a structural basis for the development of pan-CoV small molecules and polypeptides based on the HR1-HR2 complex, concerning CCoV-HuPn-2018 and SADS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulian Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China;
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China;
| | - Lei Yan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China;
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19
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Guo W, Wang C, Song X, Xu H, Zhao S, Gu J, Zou Z, Li J, Qian J, Zhang X, Guo R, Li J, Li L, Hu Z, Ren L, Fan B, Li B. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a trimeric full-length S protein subunit vaccine for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Vaccine 2024; 42:828-839. [PMID: 38220489 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused serious economic losses to the pig husbandry worldwide, and the effects of existing commercialized vaccines are suboptimal. Therefore, research to develop an efficacious vaccine for prevention and control of PEDV is essential. In this study, we designed and produced trimerized proteins of full-length PEDV spike (S) protein, S1 subunit, and a tandem of multiple epitopes of S protein using an efficient mammalian expression vector system in HEK 293F cells. The immunogenicity of two commercial adjuvants, M401 and M103, was also evaluated in mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated that all immunized mice generated highly systemic PEDV S-specific IgG and IgA antibodies. Mice in S/M103-immunized group generated the highest neutralizing antibody titer with 1:96. Compared with control group, the subunit vaccines elicited multifunctional CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells, B220+CD19+ B cells, and CD3-CD49b+ natural killer cells in the spleen. PEDV S/M103 vaccine, which had the best immune effect, was selected for further evaluation in piglets. Immunization with S/M103 vaccine induced high levels of S-specific IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies, and increased the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the expression levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 in peripheral blood of piglets. Virus challenge test results showed significantly lower diarrheal index scores and fecal viral loads, and less pathological damage to the intestines in S/M103-immunized piglets than in controls, indicating that S/M103 provides good protection against the virulent virus challenge. Our findings suggest that trimeric PEDV S/M103 has potential as a clinical vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, 5th Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xu Song
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhikun Zou
- Chengdu Yisikang Biotechnology LLC, Chendou 610095, China
| | - Jing Li
- Chengdu Yisikang Biotechnology LLC, Chendou 610095, China
| | - Jiali Qian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jizong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lili Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, 5th Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China.
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20
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Liu C, Huang W, He X, Feng Z, Chen Q. Research Advances on Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:448. [PMID: 38338091 PMCID: PMC10854734 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a virulent pathogen that causes acute diarrhea in piglets. The virus was first discovered in Guangdong Province, China, in 2017 and has since emerged in Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangxi Provinces. The outbreak exhibited a localized and sporadic pattern, with no discernable temporal continuity. The virus can infect human progenitor cells and demonstrates considerable potential for cross-species transmission, representing a potential risk for zoonotic transmission. Therefore, continuous surveillance of and comprehensive research on SADS-CoV are imperative. This review provides an overview of the temporal and evolutionary features of SADS-CoV outbreaks, focusing on the structural characteristics of the virus, which serve as the basis for discussing its potential for interspecies transmission. Additionally, the review summarizes virus-host interactions, including the effects on host cells, as well as apoptotic and autophagic behaviors, and discusses prevention and treatment modalities for this viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuancheng Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Weili Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xinyan He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
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Zhuang J, Yan Z, Zhou T, Li Y, Wang H. The role of receptors in the cross-species spread of coronaviruses infecting humans and pigs. Arch Virol 2024; 169:35. [PMID: 38265497 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has proven capable of infecting over 30 animal species, highlights the critical need for understanding the mechanisms of cross-species transmission and the emergence of novel coronavirus strains. The recent discovery of CCoV-HuPn-2018, a recombinant alphacoronavirus from canines and felines that can infect humans, along with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pig cells, underscores the potential for coronaviruses to overcome species barriers. This review investigates the origins and cross-species transmission of both human and porcine coronaviruses, with a specific emphasis on the instrumental role receptors play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhuang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Tiezhong Zhou
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
| | - Huinuan Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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22
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Lei J, Miao Y, Bi W, Xiang C, Li W, Zhang R, Li Q, Yang Z. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Antigenicity, and Control Strategies in China. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:294. [PMID: 38254462 PMCID: PMC10812628 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a porcine enteric coronavirus, which is one of the main causative agents of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), with 100% morbidity and 80-100% mortality in neonatal piglets. Since 2010, large-scale PED caused by highly pathogenic variants of PEDV has occurred successively in China and other countries in the world, posing a great threat to the global pig industry. It has been demonstrated in many investigations that the classic attenuated vaccine strain, PEDV CV777, is insufficient to fully protect against the PEDV variants. Moreover, the maternally derived antibodies elicited by inactivated vaccines also cannot completely protect piglets from infection. In addition, feedback feeding poses a risk of periodic PEDV recurrence in pig farms, making it challenging to successfully limit the spread of PEDV in China. This review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, antigenicity, and control strategies of PEDV in China and provides information for the formulation of effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Lei
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.M.); (W.B.); (C.X.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yongqiang Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.M.); (W.B.); (C.X.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Wenrui Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.M.); (W.B.); (C.X.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Chaohui Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.M.); (W.B.); (C.X.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.M.); (W.B.); (C.X.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Riteng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.M.); (W.B.); (C.X.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Qian Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China;
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.M.); (W.B.); (C.X.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (Z.Y.)
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Li C, Wu Q, Song H, Lu H, Yang K, Liu Z, Liu W, Gao T, Yuan F, Zhu J, Guo R, Tian Y, Zhou D. Elucidating the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of the highly virulent G2a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38270573 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the large-scale outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) in 2010, caused by the genotype 2 (G2) variant of the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), pig farms in China, even those vaccinated with the G2b vaccine, have experienced infections from the G2a variant, leading to significant economic losses. This study successfully isolated the G2a strain DY2020 from positive small intestine contents (SICs) by blind passage on Vero cells for four generations. The SICs were taken from Daye, Hubei Province, China. The biological characteristics were identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The growth kinetics of the strain on Vero cells were detected by TCID50, and the virus titre could reach 107.35 TCID50 ml-1 (SD: 5.07×106). The pathogenicity towards colostrum-deprived piglets was conducted by assessing faecal viral shedding, morphometric analysis of intestinal lesions, and immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that DY2020 was highly virulent to colostrum-deprived piglets, with severe watery diarrhoea and other clinical symptoms appeared at 6 h post-infection (h p.i.), and all died within 30 h. Pathological tissue examination results showed that the lesions mainly occurred in the intestines of piglets, causing pathological changes such as shortening of intestinal villi. In summary, the discovery of the G2a strain DY2020 in this study is of great significance for understanding Hubei PEDV and provides an important theoretical basis for the development of new efficient PEDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Haofei Song
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Hongyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
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Lu D, Wu Y, Fu M, Wu Y, Wang Z, Lin J, Yang Q. CALB1: Anovel antiviral factor in chicken ileal mucus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127007. [PMID: 37734520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucus is the first line of defense against pathogens and has several active components. Poultry have a short intestine, the mucus of which may contain antiviral components. We hence investigated the antiviral components of mucus and explored their mechanisms of action. Initially, we isolated chicken intestinal mucus proteins that significantly inhibited the replication of avian viruses. The ileum 10-30 kDa protein fraction showed the greatest inhibition of viral replication. Moreover, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 12 high-abundance proteins in the ileum 10-30 kDa protein fraction. Among them, we investigated the antiviral activity of calcium binding protein 1 (CALB1). Furthermore, eukaryotically and prokaryotically expressed CALB1 significantly suppressed the replication of avian viruses, possibly by binding calcium ions and/or inducing autophagy. In conclusion, we isolated and identified CALB1 from chicken intestinal mucus, which suppressed replication of avian viruses by regulating cellular calcium-ion homeostasis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, SanYa Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, SanYa Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Mei Fu
- College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yaotang Wu
- College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Life Sciences, SanYa Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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25
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Kong F, Jia H, Xiao Q, Fang L, Wang Q. Prevention and Control of Swine Enteric Coronaviruses in China: A Review of Vaccine Development and Application. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:11. [PMID: 38276670 PMCID: PMC10820180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECs) cause significant economic losses to the pig industry in China. Although many commercialized vaccines against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are available, viruses are still widespread. The recent emergence of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), for which no vaccines are available, increases the disease burden. In this review, we first introduced the genomic organization and epidemiology of SECs in China. Then, we discussed the current vaccine development and application in China, aiming to provide suggestions for better prevention and control of SECs in China and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China; (F.K.); (H.J.); (Q.X.)
| | - Huilin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China; (F.K.); (H.J.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qi Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China; (F.K.); (H.J.); (Q.X.)
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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26
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Liu D, Shi D, Shi H, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zeng M, Feng T, Yang X, Zhang X, Chen J, Jing Z, Ji Z, Zhang J, Feng L. Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase Suppresses Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Infection by Blocking Spike Protein-Mediated Membrane Fusion. Viruses 2023; 15:2406. [PMID: 38140647 PMCID: PMC10747074 DOI: 10.3390/v15122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an emerging porcine intestinal coronavirus that can cause acute diarrhea, vomiting, rapid weight loss, and high mortality in newborn piglets. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is a molecular mediator of innate antiviral immunity and converts cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). Previous studies have reported that CH25H and 25HC have an antiviral effect against multiple viruses. However, the interplay between SADS-CoV infection and CH25H or 25HC is still uncertain. Here, we found that CH25H and its enzymatic product 25HC restrained SADS-CoV replication by blocking membrane fusion. Our results show that CH25H was upregulated by SADS-CoV infection in vitro and in vivo, and that it was an IFN-stimulated gene in porcine ileum epithelial cells. Moreover, CH25H and CH25H mutants lacking catalytic activity can inhibit SADS-CoV replication. Furthermore, 25HC significantly suppressed SADS-CoV infection by inhibiting virus entry. Notably, we confirmed that CH25H and 25HC blocked SADS-CoV spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. Our data provide a possible antiviral therapy against SADS-CoV and other conceivable emerging coronaviruses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Da Shi
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (L.F.); Tel.: +86-189-4606-6048 (L.F.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangfang District, Haping Road 678, Harbin 150069, China; (D.L.); (H.S.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (T.F.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.J.); (Z.J.); (J.Z.)
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27
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Suo X, Wang J, Wang D, Fan G, Zhu M, Fan B, Yang X, Li B. DHA and EPA inhibit porcine coronavirus replication by alleviating ER stress. J Virol 2023; 97:e0120923. [PMID: 37843366 PMCID: PMC10688372 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01209-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea caused by porcine coronaviruses remains a major threat to the global swine industry. Fatty acids are extensively involved in the whole life of the virus. In this study, we found that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) significantly reduced the viral load of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) and acted on the replication of the viruses rather than attachment and entry. We further confirmed that DHA and EPA inhibited PEDV replication by alleviating the endoplasmic reticulum stress. Meanwhile, DHA and EPA alleviate PEDV-induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhance the cellular antioxidant capacity. These data indicate that DHA and EPA have antiviral effects on porcine coronaviruses and provide a molecular basis for the development of new fatty acid-based therapies to control porcine coronavirus infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Suo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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28
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Peng Q, Fan B, Song X, He W, Wang C, Zhao Y, Guo W, Zhang X, Liu S, Gao J, Li K, Zhang B, Zhou J, Li Y, Guo R, Li B. Genetic signatures associated with the virulence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus AH2012/12. J Virol 2023; 97:e0106323. [PMID: 37732788 PMCID: PMC10617547 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01063-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) caused by PED virus (PEDV) remains a big threat to the swine industry worldwide. Vaccination with live attenuated vaccine is a promising method to prevent and control PED, because it can elicit a more protective immunity than the killed vaccine, subunit vaccine, and so on. In this study, we found two obvious deletions in the genome of a high passage of AH2012/12. We further confirmed the second deletion which contains seven amino acids at the carboxy-terminus of the S2 gene and the start codon of ORF3 can reduce its pathogenicity in vivo. Animal experiments indicated that the recombinant PEDV with deleted carboxy-terminus of S gene showed higher IgG, IgA, neutralization antibodies, and protection effects against virus challenge than the killed vaccine. These data reveal that the engineering of the carboxy-terminus of the S2 gene may be a promising method to develop live attenuated vaccine candidates of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Song
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Wenlong He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Academy of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weilu Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kemang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baotai Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Brnić D, Vlahović D, Gudan Kurilj A, Maltar-Strmečki N, Lojkić I, Kunić V, Jemeršić L, Bačani I, Kompes G, Beck R, Mikuletič T, Steyer A. The impact and complete genome characterisation of viruses involved in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in a farrow-to-finish holding. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18780. [PMID: 37907693 PMCID: PMC10618538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral enteric pathogens continuously burden intensive pig farming, causing gastrointestinal diseases of epidemic and endemic nature. The present study investigated two diarrhoea outbreaks on a large farrow-to-finish holding and subsequent circulation of outbreak-related enteric viruses. These viruses were characterised by whole genome sequencing, and statistical evaluation of the impact on specific production metrics was performed. The results provided evidence that the Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus-swine enteric coronavirus (PEDV-SeCoV) S gene recombinant strain was responsible for the first outbreak, whilst Rotavirus A (RVA) in a mixed infection with Rotavirus B (RVB) and porcine kobuvirus (PKV) probably caused the second diarrhoea outbreak. Whole genome characterisation revealed a porcine origin of all viruses involved and significant heterogeneity of RVB strain, proposing four novel genotypes and changes in RVB VP1 genotype classification. The statistical evaluation confirmed only a minor disturbance in the number of weaned pigs per sow, with statistical forecasting showing positive trends. A follow-up study corroborated the endemicity of RVA and PKV, in contrast to PEDV-SeCoV. Punctual, comprehensive and timely investigation of diarrhoea outbreaks is a prerequisite for applying adequate pig health and biosecurity management. Calculating such outbreaks' impact on production metrics can potentially shape future decisions on management improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Brnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dunja Vlahović
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Gudan Kurilj
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nadica Maltar-Strmečki
- Laboratory for Electron Spin Spectroscopy, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Lojkić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Kunić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lorena Jemeršić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Bačani
- Animal Feed Factory, Dr Ivana Novaka 11, 40000, Čakovec, Croatia
| | - Gordan Kompes
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Relja Beck
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Mikuletič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Steyer
- Division of Public Health Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Grablovičeva 44, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sun Y, Gong T, Wu D, Feng Y, Gao Q, Xing J, Zheng X, Song Z, Liu X, Chen X, Sun Y, Zhang G, Gong L. Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1273589. [PMID: 37904874 PMCID: PMC10613466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1273589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an enterophilic infectious disease caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which can lead to dehydration-like diarrhea in piglets with a mortality rate of up to 100%, causing huge economic losses to the global pig industry. In this study, we isolated two PEDV strains, FS202201 and JY202201, from diarrheal samples collected from two new PED outbreak farms in 2022. We performed phylogenetic analysis of the S gene and whole gene sequence. The effects of the different mutations on viral pathogenicity were investigated using piglet challenge experiments. The results showed that both strains belong to the G2c subtype, a widely prevalent virulent strain. Compared with FS202201, JY202201 harbored substitution and deletion mutations in nsp1. Both FS202201 and JY202201 infected piglets showed severe diarrhea and significant intestinal tissue lesions at an infection dose of 104 TCID50/mL, with a mortality rate of 50%; however, JY202201 required an additional day to reach mortality stabilization. An infection dose of 103 TCID50/mL reduced diarrhea and intestinal tissue lesions in piglets, with mortality rates of the two strains at 16.7% and 0%, respectively. In addition, PEDV was detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes, stomach, large intestine, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, with the highest levels in the intestinal tissues. In conclusion, this study enriches the epidemiology of PEDV and provides a theoretical basis for the study of its pathogenic mechanism and prevention through virus isolation, identification, and pathogenicity research on newly identified PED in the main transmission hub area of PEDV in China (Guangdong).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jiabao Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Zebu Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongnan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Yankuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
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Wang Y, Qin P, Zhao C, Li Y, Li S, Fan F, Li D, Huang H, Duan H, Yang X, Du W, Li Y. Evaluating anti-viral effect of Ivermectin on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and analyzing the related genes and signaling pathway by RNA-seq in vitro. Virology 2023; 587:109877. [PMID: 37688922 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. However, there remains no effective drugs for PEDV infection. Ivermectin is an FDA-approved anthelmintic drug used to treat worm infections. In this study, we reported the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of Ivermectin in vitro. Ivermectin can inhibit PEDV infections of different genotypes. Avermectin derivatives can also inhibit PEDV infections. A time of addition assay showed that Ivermectin exhibited potent anti-PEDV activity when added simultaneously with or post virus infection. Furthermore, Ivermectin significantly inhibited the late stage of viral infection by affecting viral release. RNA sequencing indicates Ivermectin induces cell cycle arrest, which may be related to its ability to inhibit viral release. Interestingly, when combined with Niclosamide, Ivermectin demonstrated an enhanced anti-PEDV effect. These findings highlight Ivermectin as a novel antiviral agent with potential for the development of drugs against PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Panpan Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yaqin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Fangfang Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Dongliang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Huimin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 6 Long-zi-hu Street, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Hong Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CL, the Netherlands.
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CL, the Netherlands.
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32
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Zhou L, Li C, Zhang R, Li Q, Sun Y, Feng Y, Lan T, Ma J. Identification of a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor CP-724714 inhibits SADS-CoV related swine diarrhea coronaviruses infection in vitro. Virol Sin 2023; 38:778-786. [PMID: 37406816 PMCID: PMC10590692 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 has caused unprecedented panic among all mankind, pointing the major importance of effective treatment. Since the emergence of the swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) at the end of 2017, multiple reports have indicated that the bat-related SADS-CoV possesses a potential threat for cross-species transmission. Vaccines and antiviral drugs development deserve more attention. In this study, we found that the HER2 phosphorylation inhibitor (CP-724714) inhibited SADS-CoV infection in a dose-dependent manner. Further validation demonstrated that CP-724714 affected at the post-entry stage of SADS-CoV infection cycle. Also, efficient SADS-CoV infection required the activation of HER2 and its cascade Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk signaling pathway. In addition, CP-724714 has a broad-spectrum anti-swine diarrhea coronaviruses activity, and can dose-dependently combat SADS-CoV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection in vitro with a specificity index of greater than 21.98, 9.38, 95.23 and 31.62, respectively. These results highlight the potential utility of CP-724714 or antiviral drugs targeting with HER2 and its cascade Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk signaling pathway as host-targeted SADS-CoV and other related coronaviruses therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ruiyu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qianniu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jingyun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Hou W, Wu H, Wang S, Wang W, Wang B, Wang H. Designing a multi-epitope vaccine to control porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection using immunoinformatics approaches. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264612. [PMID: 37779715 PMCID: PMC10538973 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a continuously evolving pathogen, causes severe diarrhea in piglets with high mortality rates. However, current vaccines cannot provide complete protection against PEDV, so vaccine development is still necessary and urgent. Here, with the help of immunoinformatics approaches, we attempted to design a multi-epitope vaccine named rPMEV to prevent and control PEDV infection. The epitopes of rPMEV were constructed by 9 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes (CTLs), 11 helper T lymphocyte epitopes (HTLs), 6 linear B cell epitopes (LBEs), and 4 conformational B cell epitopes (CBEs) based on the S proteins from the four representative PEDV G2 strains. To enhance immunogenicity, porcine β-defensin-2 (PBD-2) was adjoined to the N-terminal of the vaccine as an adjuvant. All of the epitopes and PBD-2 were joined by corresponding linkers and recombined into the multivalent vaccine, which is stable, antigenic, and non-allergenic. Furthermore, we adopted molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods to analyze the interaction of rPMEV with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4): a stable interaction between them created by 13 hydrogen bonds. In addition, the results of the immune simulation showed that rPMEV could stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses. Finally, to raise the expression efficiency, the sequence of the vaccine protein was cloned into the pET28a (+) vector after the codon optimization. These studies indicate that the designed multi-epitope vaccine has a potential protective effect, providing a theoretical basis for further confirmation of its protective effect against PEDV infection in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Heqiong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Sibei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
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Cao L, Kong X, Li X, Suo X, Duan Y, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Wang Q. A Customized Novel Blocking ELISA for Detection of Bat-Origin Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0393022. [PMID: 37272819 PMCID: PMC10434073 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03930-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered emerging alphacoronavirus. SADS-CoV shares over 90% genome sequence identity with bat alphacoronavirus HKU2. SADS-CoV was associated with severe diarrhea and high mortality rates in piglets. Accurate serological diagnosis of SADS-CoV infection is key in managing the emerging SADS-CoV. However, thus far there have been no effective antibody-based diagnostic tests for diagnose of SADS-CoV exposure. Here, monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6E8 against SADS-CoV N protein accurately recognized SADS-CoV infection. Then, MAb 6E8 was utilized as a blocking antibody to develop blocking ELISA (bELISA). We customized the rN coating antigen with concentration 0.25 μg/mL. According to receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff value of the bELISA was determined as 38.19% when the max Youden index was 0.955, and specificity was 100%, and sensitivity was 95.5%. Specificity testing showed that there was no cross-reactivity with other serum positive swine enteric coronaviruses, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), porcine rotavirus (PoRV), and porcine sapelovirus (PSV). In conclusion, we customized a novel and high-quality blocking ELISA for detection of SADS-CoV infection, and the current bELISA will be linked to a clinical and epidemiological assessment of SADS-CoV infection. IMPORTANCE SADS-CoV was reported to be of high potential for dissemination among various of host species. Accurate serological diagnosis of SADS-CoV infection is key in managing the emerging SADS-CoV. However, thus far there have been no effective antibody-based diagnostic tests for diagnose of SADS-CoV exposure. We customed a novel and high-quality bELISA assay for detection of SADS-CoV N protein antibodies, and the current bELISA will be linked to a clinical and epidemiological assessment of SADS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Cao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangtong Li
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuepeng Suo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyue Duan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
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Zhang B, Qing J, Yan Z, Shi Y, Wang Z, Chen J, Li J, Li S, Wu W, Hu X, Li Y, Zhang X, Wu L, Zhu S, Yan Z, Wang Y, Guo X, Yu L, Li X. Investigation and analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea cases and evaluation of different immunization strategies in the large-scale swine farming system. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:36. [PMID: 37537653 PMCID: PMC10401829 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a contagious intestinal disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and dehydration, which has caused huge economic losses around the world. However, it is very hard to find completely valid approaches to control the transmission of PEDV. At present, vaccine immunity remains the most effective method. To better control the spread of PED and evaluate the validity of different immunization strategies, 240 PED outbreak cases from 577 swine breeding farms were collected and analyzed. The objective of the present study was to analyze the epidemic regularity of PEDV and evaluate two kinds of different immunization strategies for controlling PED. RESULTS The results showed that the main reasons which led to the outbreak of PED were the movement of pig herds between different pig farms (41.7%) and delaying piglets from the normal production flow (15.8%). The prevalence of PEDV in the hot season (May to October) was obviously higher than that in the cold season (January to April, November to December). Results of different vaccine immunity cases showed that immunization with the highly virulent live vaccine (NH-TA2020 strain) and the commercial inactivated vaccine could significantly decrease the frequency of swine breeding farms (5.9%), the duration of PED epidemic (1.70 weeks), and the week batches of dead piglets (0.48 weeks weaned piglets), compared with immunization with commercial attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccine of PED. Meanwhile, immunization with the highly virulent live vaccine and the commercial inactivated vaccine could bring us more cash flows of Y̶275,274 per year than immunization with commercial live attenuated vaccine and inactivated vaccine in one 3000 sow pig farm within one year. CONCLUSION Therefore, immunization with highly virulent live vaccine and inactivated vaccine of PED is more effective and economical in the prevention and control of PED in the large-scale swine farming system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhou Zhang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Qing
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Yan
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuntong Shi
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxian Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shouyue Zhu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongquan Wang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ligen Yu
- Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China.
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China.
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China.
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Zhai X, Kong N, Zhang Y, Song Y, Qin W, Yang X, Ye C, Ye M, Tong W, Liu C, Zheng H, Yu H, Zhang W, Yang X, Zhang G, Tong G, Shan T. N protein of PEDV plays chess game with host proteins by selective autophagy. Autophagy 2023; 19:2338-2352. [PMID: 36861818 PMCID: PMC10351448 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2181615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular degradation and recycling process that maintains the homeostasis of organisms. The protein degradation role of autophagy has been widely used to control viral infection at multiple levels. In the ongoing evolutionary arms race, viruses have developed various ways to hijack and subvert autophagy in favor of its replication. It is still unclear exactly how autophagy affects or inhibits viruses. In this study, we have found a novel host restriction factor, HNRNPA1, that could inhibit PEDV replication by degrading viral nucleocapsid (N) protein. The restriction factor activates the HNRNPA1-MARCHF8/MARCH8-CALCOCO2/NDP52-autophagosome pathway with the help of transcription factor EGR1 targeting the HNRNPA1 promoter. HNRNPA1 could also promote the expression of IFN to facilitate the host antiviral defense response for antagonizing PEDV infection through RIGI protein interaction. During viral replication, we found that PEDV can, in contrast, degrade the host antiviral proteins HNRNPA1 and others (FUBP3, HNRNPK, PTBP1, and TARDBP) through its N protein through the autophagy pathway. These results reveal the dual function of selective autophagy in PEDV N and host proteins, which could promote the ubiquitination of viral particles and host antiviral proteins and degradation both of the proteins to regulate the relationship between virus infection and host innate immunity.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ATG: autophagy related; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GPI: glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol; hpi: hours post infection; MARCHF8/MARCH8: membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 8; MOI: multiplicity of infection; N protein: nucleocapsid protein; PEDV: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; siRNA: small interfering RNA; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhai
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhen Qin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqian Ye
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Manqing Ye
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Li M, Zhang L, Pan L, Zhou P, Yu R, Zhang Z, Lv J, Guo H, Wang Y, Xiao S, Liu X. Nicotinamide Efficiently Suppresses Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:1591. [PMID: 37515276 PMCID: PMC10386100 DOI: 10.3390/v15071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), members of the genus Coronavirus, mainly cause acute diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration in piglets, and thus lead to serious economic losses. In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on PEDV and PDCoV replication and found that NAM treatment significantly inhibited PEDV and PDCoV reproduction. Moreover, NAM plays an important role in replication processes. NAM primarily inhibited PEDV and PDCoV RNA and protein synthesis rather than other processes. Furthermore, we discovered that NAM treatment likely inhibits the replication of PEDV and PDCoV by downregulating the expression of transcription factors through activation of the ERK1/2/MAPK pathway. Overall, this study is the first to suggest that NAM might be not only an important antiviral factor for swine intestinal coronavirus, but also a potential candidate to be evaluated in the context of other human and animal coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ruiming Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zhongwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jianliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
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Jiang S, Zhang S, Kang X, Feng Y, Li Y, Nie M, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao S, Jiang T, Li J. Risk Assessment of the Possible Intermediate Host Role of Pigs for Coronaviruses with a Deep Learning Predictor. Viruses 2023; 15:1556. [PMID: 37515242 PMCID: PMC10384923 DOI: 10.3390/v15071556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine coronaviruses (CoVs) have been found to cause infection in humans, suggesting that Suiformes might be potential intermediate hosts in CoV transmission from their natural hosts to humans. The present study aims to establish convolutional neural network (CNN) models to predict host adaptation of swine CoVs. Decomposing of each ORF1ab and Spike sequence was performed with dinucleotide composition representation (DCR) and other traits. The relationship between CoVs from different adaptive hosts was analyzed by unsupervised learning, and CNN models based on DCR of ORF1ab and Spike were built to predict the host adaptation of swine CoVs. The rationality of the models was verified with phylogenetic analysis. Unsupervised learning showed that there is a multiple host adaptation of different swine CoVs. According to the adaptation prediction of CNN models, swine acute diarrhea syndrome CoV (SADS-CoV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are adapted to Chiroptera, swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is adapted to Carnivora, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (PHEV) might be adapted to Primate, Rodent, and Lagomorpha, and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) might be adapted to Chiroptera, Artiodactyla, and Carnivora. In summary, the DCR trait has been confirmed to be representative for the CoV genome, and the DCR-based deep learning model works well to assess the adaptation of swine CoVs to other mammals. Suiformes might be intermediate hosts for human CoVs and other mammalian CoVs. The present study provides a novel approach to assess the risk of adaptation and transmission to humans and other mammals of swine CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Jiang
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoping Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ye Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yadan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Maoshun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yuchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shishun Zhao
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China
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Huang N, Lang Q, Li L, Ge L, Yang X. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus S1/S2 junction protein. AMB Express 2023; 13:74. [PMID: 37436550 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pig producers have faced considerable economic losses due to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection, emphasizing the need for PEDV antibody development. The S1/S2 junction (S1S2J) cleavage site of the S protein of PEDV is one of the major determinants of coronavirus infection success. In this study, we specifically selected the S1S2J protein of PEDV-AJ1102 (a representative strain of the G2 type) as a target protein to immunize mice and generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using hybridoma technology. Three mAbs with high-binding activities to the S1S2J protein and were obtained and further analyzed. To reveal the characterization of these mAbs, variable region genes of antibodies were studied by using DNA sequencing, thereby revealing differences in their CDR3 amino acid sequences. We then developed a new method to identify the isotypes of these three mAbs. Results showed that these three antibodies were of the IgM type. As for the functions of these three mAbs, indirect immunofluorescence assay confirmed their good binding ability to Vero E6 cells infected with the PEDV-SP-C strain (G1 type). Epitope analysis showed linear epitopes for all three mAbs. These antibodies were also used to detect infected cells via flow cytometry analysis. In summary, we prepared and examined three mAbs against PEDV-S1S2J. These mAbs can be employed as detection antibodies for diagnostic reagents and further developed for other applications. We also designed a novel technique for easy and cost-saving identification of isotypes of mouse mAbs. Our results lay a good foundation for the development of research on PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, 402460, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Qiaoli Lang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, 402460, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Liping Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, 402460, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, 402460, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Xi Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, 402460, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China.
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Puente H, Arguello H, Cortey M, Gómez-García M, Mencía-Ares O, Pérez-Perez L, Díaz I, Carvajal A. Detection and genetic characterization of enteric viruses in diarrhoea outbreaks from swine farms in Spain. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:29. [PMID: 37349807 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and distribution of Porcine astrovirus (PAstV), Porcine kobuvirus (PKoV), Porcine torovirus (PToV), Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) and Porcine mastadenovirus (PAdV) as well as their association with widely recognized virus that cause diarrhoea in swine such as coronavirus (CoVs) and rotavirus (RVs) in diarrhoea outbreaks from Spanish swine farms. Furthermore, a selection of the viral strains was genetically characterized. RESULTS PAstV, PKoV, PToV, MRV and PAdV were frequently detected. Particularly, PAstV and PKoV were detected in almost 50% and 30% of the investigated farms, respectively, with an age-dependent distribution; PAstV was mainly detected in postweaning and fattening pigs, while PKoV was more frequent in sucking piglets. Viral co-infections were detected in almost half of the outbreaks, combining CoVs, RVs and the viruses studied, with a maximum of 5 different viral species reported in three investigated farms. Using a next generation sequencing approach, we obtained a total of 24 ARN viral genomes (> 90% genome sequence), characterizing for first time the full genome of circulating strains of PAstV2, PAstV4, PAstV5 and PToV on Spanish farms. Phylogenetic analyses showed that PAstV, PKoV and PToV from Spanish swine farms clustered together with isolates of the same viral species from neighboring pig producing countries. CONCLUSIONS Although further studies to evaluate the role of these enteric viruses in diarrhoea outbreaks are required, their wide distribution and frequent association in co-infections cannot be disregard. Hence, their inclusion into routine diagnostic panels for diarrhoea in swine should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Puente
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - Héctor Arguello
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Martí Cortey
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-García
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Oscar Mencía-Ares
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Lucía Pérez-Perez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ivan Díaz
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Hong H, Yuan R, Ma H, Xiao L, Li B, Wang K. Accurate and ultrasensitive detection for PEDV based on photoelectrochemical sensing coupling loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Talanta 2023; 258:124476. [PMID: 36989618 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a serious disease requiring a simple and accurate detection method. Accordingly, this study developed a novel, ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique (LAMP-PEC). An amino (-NH2)-modified LAMP product is obtained by amplification of the PED virus gene with specially designed primers. The generated NH2-modified LAMP product is assembled on the surface of an electrode by forming imine linkages between aldehyde and amino groups based on the Schiff base reaction. A stable photocurrent is provided by a CdIn2S4 photoactive material, which possesses high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Amplified DNA assembled on the electrode surface increases steric hindrance and hinders electrons from moving from the electrode to electron acceptors, which decreases the photocurrent. This strategy can detect PEDV with a low detection limit of 0.3 fg μL-1 and a wide linear range of 1 × 10-3-1 × 102 pg/μL. The sensing platform has excellent specificity and sensitivity and can be used for the quantitative detection of many other pathogens with the assistance of LAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Ruishuang Yuan
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Hanyu Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Liting Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, OE, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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42
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Han X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang T, Li N, Hao F, Yao L, Guo K. Isolation and characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with a novel continuous mutation in the S1 0 domain. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1203893. [PMID: 37275149 PMCID: PMC10232790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1203893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which re-emerged in China in 2010, has caused severe economic losses to the global pig industry. In this study, a PEDV strain, designated PEDV WMB, was isolated from piglets with severe diarrhea on a pig farm in Henan Province of China. Whole-genome sequencing and analysis revealed that the PEDV WMB strain belongs to subtype G2c and has a unique continuous mutation in the S10 antigenic epitope of the S protein. Moreover, the virus-neutralization (VN) test indicated that polyclonal antibodies against the S10 protein of other G1 and G2 strains showed reduced VN reactivity to PEDV WMB. The pathogenicity of PEDV WMB was further investigated in 3 day-old piglets. PEDV infection-related clinical symptoms and morphological lesions were observed and confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination (IHC). These results illustrated that continuous mutation of the S10 epitope might affect the immunogenicity or pathogenicity of PEDV, providing evidence of the need to monitor the genetic diversity of the virus and develop effective measures to prevent and control PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangkun Liu
- Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, School of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center of Advanced Analysis & Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanyang Vocational College of Agriculture, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, School of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
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Su M, Zheng G, Xu X, Song H. Antigen epitopes of animal coronaviruses: a mini-review. ANIMAL DISEASES 2023; 3:14. [PMID: 37220551 PMCID: PMC10189233 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are widespread in nature and can infect mammals and poultry, making them a public health concern. Globally, prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging animal coronaviruses is a great challenge. The mechanisms of virus-mediated immune responses have important implications for research on virus prevention and control. The antigenic epitope is a chemical group capable of stimulating the production of antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes, playing an important role in antiviral immune responses. Thus, it can shed light on the development of diagnostic methods and novel vaccines. Here, we have reviewed advances in animal coronavirus antigenic epitope research, aiming to provide a reference for the prevention and control of animal and human coronaviruses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44149-023-00080-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Su
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang, A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang, A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xiangwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang, A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang, A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province China
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Happi AN, Ayinla AO, Ogunsanya OA, Sijuwola AE, Saibu FM, Akano K, George UE, Sopeju AE, Rabinowitz PM, Ojo KK, Barrett LK, Van Voorhis WC, Happi CT. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Terrestrial Animals in Southern Nigeria: Potential Cases of Reverse Zoonosis. Viruses 2023; 15:1187. [PMID: 37243273 PMCID: PMC10222409 DOI: 10.3390/v15051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since SARS-CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic, records have suggested the occurrence of reverse zoonosis of pets and farm animals in contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive humans in the Occident. However, there is little information on the spread of the virus among animals in contact with humans in Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in various animals in Nigeria. Overall, 791 animals from Ebonyi, Ogun, Ondo, and Oyo States, Nigeria were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-qPCR (n = 364) and IgG ELISA (n = 654). SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates were 45.9% (RT-qPCR) and 1.4% (ELISA). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in almost all animal taxa and sampling locations except Oyo State. SARS-CoV-2 IgGs were detected only in goats from Ebonyi and pigs from Ogun States. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infectivity rates were higher in 2021 than in 2022. Our study highlights the ability of the virus to infect various animals. It presents the first report of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in poultry, pigs, domestic ruminants, and lizards. The close human-animal interactions in these settings suggest ongoing reverse zoonosis, highlighting the role of behavioral factors of transmission and the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to spread among animals. These underscore the importance of continuous monitoring to detect and intervene in any eventual upsurge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anise N. Happi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.A.O.); (A.E.S.); (F.M.S.); (K.A.); (U.E.G.); (A.E.S.); (C.T.H.)
| | - Akeemat O. Ayinla
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.A.O.); (A.E.S.); (F.M.S.); (K.A.); (U.E.G.); (A.E.S.); (C.T.H.)
| | - Olusola A. Ogunsanya
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.A.O.); (A.E.S.); (F.M.S.); (K.A.); (U.E.G.); (A.E.S.); (C.T.H.)
| | - Ayotunde E. Sijuwola
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.A.O.); (A.E.S.); (F.M.S.); (K.A.); (U.E.G.); (A.E.S.); (C.T.H.)
| | - Femi M. Saibu
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.A.O.); (A.E.S.); (F.M.S.); (K.A.); (U.E.G.); (A.E.S.); (C.T.H.)
| | - Kazeem Akano
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.A.O.); (A.E.S.); (F.M.S.); (K.A.); (U.E.G.); (A.E.S.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Uwem E. George
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.A.O.); (A.E.S.); (F.M.S.); (K.A.); (U.E.G.); (A.E.S.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo E. Sopeju
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.A.O.); (A.E.S.); (F.M.S.); (K.A.); (U.E.G.); (A.E.S.); (C.T.H.)
| | - Peter M. Rabinowitz
- Center for One Health Research, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Kayode K. Ojo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (K.K.O.); (L.K.B.); (W.C.V.V.)
| | - Lynn K. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (K.K.O.); (L.K.B.); (W.C.V.V.)
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (K.K.O.); (L.K.B.); (W.C.V.V.)
| | - Christian T. Happi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.A.O.); (A.E.S.); (F.M.S.); (K.A.); (U.E.G.); (A.E.S.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede 23210, Osun State, Nigeria
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Castañeda-Montes FJ, Cerriteño-Sánchez JL, Castañeda-Montes MA, Cuevas-Romero JS, Mendoza-Elvira S. A Candidate Antigen of the Recombinant Membrane Protein Derived from the Porcine Deltacoronavirus Synthetic Gene to Detect Seropositive Pigs. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051049. [PMID: 37243136 DOI: 10.3390/v15051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emergent swine coronavirus which infects cells from the small intestine and induces watery diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration, causing mortality in piglets (>40%). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the recombinant membrane protein (M) of PDCoV (rM-PDCoV), which was developed from a synthetic gene obtained after an in silico analysis with a group of 138 GenBank sequences. A 3D model and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the highly conserved M protein structure. Therefore, the synthetic gene was successfully cloned in a pETSUMO vector and transformed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The rM-PDCoV was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot with ~37.7 kDa. The rM-PDCoV immunogenicity was evaluated in immunized (BLAB/c) mice and iELISA. The data showed increased antibodies from 7 days until 28 days (p < 0.001). The rM-PDCoV antigenicity was analyzed using pig sera samples from three states located in "El Bajío" Mexico and positive sera were determined. Our results show that PDCoV has continued circulating on pig farms in Mexico since the first report in 2019; therefore, the impact of PDCoV on the swine industry could be higher than reported in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jesus Castañeda-Montes
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Km 15.5 Carretera México-Toluca, Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Estado de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Luis Cerriteño-Sánchez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Km 15.5 Carretera México-Toluca, Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
| | - María Azucena Castañeda-Montes
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Km 15.5 Carretera México-Toluca, Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
| | - Julieta Sandra Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Km 15.5 Carretera México-Toluca, Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
| | - Susana Mendoza-Elvira
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Estado de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Su M, Yin B, Xing X, Li Z, Zhang J, Feng S, Li L, Zhao F, Yang X, Yu S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shi D, Chen J, Feng L, Guo D, Sun D. Octyl gallate targeting the 3C-like protease exhibits highly efficient antiviral activity against swine enteric coronavirus PEDV. Vet Microbiol 2023; 281:109743. [PMID: 37062110 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe watery diarrhea in newborn piglets, leading to substantial financial losses for the swine industry. In this study, we screened small molecule drugs targeting 3 C-like protease (3CLpro) by molecular docking, and further evaluated the antiviral activity of the screened drugs against PEDV. Results showed that octyl gallate (OG), a widely used food additive, exhibited strong binding affinity with the 3CLpro active sites of PEDV. Bio-layer interferometry and fluorescence resonance energy transfer revealed that OG directly interacts with PEDV 3CLpro (KD = 549 nM) and inhibits 3CLpro activity (IC50 = 22.15 µM). OG showed a strong inhibition of PEDV replication in vitro. Virus titers were decreased by 0.58 and 0.71 log10 TCID50/mL for the CV777 and HM2017 strains, respectively. In vivo, all piglets in the PEDV-infected group died at 48 h post-infection (hpi), while 75% of piglets in the OG treatment group showed significant relief from the clinical symptoms, pathological damage, and viral loads in the jejunum and ileum. Moreover, the western blotting results showed that OG also has strong antiviral activity against other swine enteric coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). Our findings revealed that OG could be developed as a novel antiviral drug against PEDV. The OG exhibited a potential broad-spectrum antiviral drug for control of other swine enteric coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311300, PR China
| | - Baishuang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Xing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Zijian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Shufeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Feiyu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Shiping Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yongchen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Da Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
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Buonavoglia A, Pellegrini F, Decaro N, Galgano M, Pratelli A. A One Health Perspective on Canine Coronavirus: A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing? Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040921. [PMID: 37110344 PMCID: PMC10143937 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is a positive-strand RNA virus generally responsible for mild-to-severe gastroenteritis in dogs. In recent years, new CCoVs with acquired pathogenic characteristics have emerged, turning the spotlight on the evolutionary potential of CCoVs. To date, two genotypes are known, CCoV type I and CCoV type II, sharing up to 96% nucleotide identity in the genome but highly divergent in the spike gene. In 2009, the detection of a novel CCoV type II, which likely originated from a double recombination event with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), led to the proposal of a new classification: CCoV type IIa, including classical CCoVs and CCoV type IIb, including TGEV-like CCoV. Recently, a virus strictly correlated to CCoV was isolated from children with pneumonia in Malaysia. The HuPn-2018 strain, classified as a novel canine–feline-like recombinant virus, is supposed to have jumped from dogs into people. A novel CoV of canine origin, HuCCoV_Z19Haiti, closely related to the Malaysian strain was also detected in a man with fever after travel to Haiti, suggesting that infection with Malaysian-like strains may occur. These data and the emergence of highly pathogenic CoVs in humans underscore the significant threat that CoV spillovers pose to humans and how we should mitigate this hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Buonavoglia
- Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Michela Galgano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
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Zamperin G, Festa F, Palumbo E, Quaranta E, Monne I, Terregino C, De Benedictis P, Leopardi S. Discovery of a coronavirus in the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) belonging to a putative new genus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 109:105406. [PMID: 36764634 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the aftermath of COVID-19, coronaviruses gained renewed attention by the scientific community. The study reports the identification and genetic characterization of a novel coronavirus in the European badger (Meles meles) obtained in the framework of passive surveillance implemented in Italian wildlife in response to the pandemic. Positive samples were characterized using next generation sequencing as well as genetic and phylogenetic analyses, aiming for taxonomic placement under ICTV guidelines of the viruses contained in each sample. Results obtained for six conserved domains within the polyprotein showed that the virus clustered as outgroup and shared <46% amino acid identity with other coronaviruses, supporting the assumption that it belongs to a new putative genus Epsiloncoronavirus. This finding highlights that mammals still hide diverse coronaviruses whose zoonotic and epizootic potential remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Zamperin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Francesca Festa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Elisa Palumbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Erika Quaranta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Isabella Monne
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Paola De Benedictis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Stefania Leopardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, 70121 Valenzano, Italy.
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Sun W, Shi Z, Wang P, Zhao B, Li J, Wei X, Wei L, Wang J. Metavirome Analysis Reveals a High Prevalence of Porcine Hemagglutination Encephalomyelitis Virus in Clinically Healthy Pigs in China. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040510. [PMID: 37111396 PMCID: PMC10144687 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Six swine coronaviruses (SCoVs), which include porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine hemagglutination encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV), have been reported as infecting and causing serious diseases in pigs. To investigate the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of SCoVs in clinically healthy pigs in China, we collected 6400 nasal swabs and 1245 serum samples from clinically healthy pigs at slaughterhouses in 13 provinces in 2017 and pooled them into 17 libraries by type and region for next-generation sequencing (NGS) and metavirome analyses. In total, we identified five species of SCoVs, including PEDV, PDCoV, PHEV, PRCV, and TGEV. Strikingly, PHEV was detected from all the samples in high abundance and its genome sequences accounted for 75.28% of all coronaviruses, while those belonging to TGEV (including PRCV), PEDV, and PDCoV were 20.4%, 2.66%, and 2.37%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis showed that two lineages of PHEV have been circulating in pig populations in China. We also recognized two PRCVs which lack 672 nucleotides at the N-terminus of the S gene compared with that of TGEV. Together, we disclose preliminarily the genetic diversities of SCoVs in clinically healthy pigs in China and provide new insights into two SCoVs, PHEV and PRCV, that have been somewhat overlooked in previous studies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & National Data Center for Animal Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & National Data Center for Animal Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & National Data Center for Animal Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & National Data Center for Animal Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & National Data Center for Animal Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & National Data Center for Animal Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Lili Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & National Data Center for Animal Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Jingfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & National Data Center for Animal Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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50
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Latinne A, Nga NTT, Long NV, Ngoc PTB, Thuy HB, Long NV, Long PT, Phuong NT, Quang LTV, Tung N, Nam VS, Duoc VT, Thinh ND, Schoepp R, Ricks K, Inui K, Padungtod P, Johnson CK, Mazet JAK, Walzer C, Olson SH, Fine AE. One Health Surveillance Highlights Circulation of Viruses with Zoonotic Potential in Bats, Pigs, and Humans in Viet Nam. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030790. [PMID: 36992498 PMCID: PMC10053906 DOI: 10.3390/v15030790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A One Health cross-sectoral surveillance approach was implemented to screen biological samples from bats, pigs, and humans at high-risk interfaces for zoonotic viral spillover for five viral families with zoonotic potential in Viet Nam. Over 1600 animal and human samples from bat guano harvesting sites, natural bat roosts, and pig farming operations were tested for coronaviruses (CoVs), paramyxoviruses, influenza viruses, filoviruses and flaviviruses using consensus PCR assays. Human samples were also tested using immunoassays to detect antibodies against eight virus groups. Significant viral diversity, including CoVs closely related to ancestors of pig pathogens, was detected in bats roosting at the human-animal interfaces, illustrating the high risk for CoV spillover from bats to pigs in Viet Nam, where pig density is very high. Season and reproductive period were significantly associated with the detection of bat CoVs, with site-specific effects. Phylogeographic analysis indicated localized viral transmission among pig farms. Our limited human sampling did not detect any known zoonotic bat viruses in human communities living close to the bat cave and harvesting bat guano, but our serological assays showed possible previous exposure to Marburg virus-like (Filoviridae), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-like (Bunyaviridae) viruses and flaviviruses. Targeted and coordinated One Health surveillance helped uncover this viral pathogen emergence hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Latinne
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | | | - Nguyen Van Long
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thi Bich Ngoc
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Bich Thuy
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Van Long
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development of Viet Nam, Hanoi 11519, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thanh Long
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development of Viet Nam, Hanoi 11519, Viet Nam
| | | | - Le Tin Vinh Quang
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Ho Chi Minh City 72106, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Tung
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development of Viet Nam, Hanoi 11519, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Sinh Nam
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 11611, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Trong Duoc
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 11611, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Duc Thinh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 11611, Viet Nam
| | - Randal Schoepp
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Keersten Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ken Inui
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Country Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi 11112, Viet Nam
| | - Pawin Padungtod
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Country Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi 11112, Viet Nam
| | - Christine K Johnson
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jonna A K Mazet
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chris Walzer
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah H Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Amanda E Fine
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
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