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Verdejo-Garcia A, Rossi G, Albein-Urios N, Lozano OM, Diaz-Batanero C. Identifying internalizing transdiagnostic profiles through motivational and cognitive control systems: Relations with symptoms, functionality, and quality of life. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 133:152498. [PMID: 38788615 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity of patients' symptomatology among people seeking treatment on community-based mental health services poses significant challenges to traditional models of care. Recent approaches favor identifying transdiagnostic factors that allow a better understanding of patient heterogeneity and designing more effective and quality interventions. This study examines the heterogeneity of patients with internalizing symptoms based on profiles identified with cognitive and motivational control variables. Differences between these profiles on dimensional measures of psychopathology and quality of life are examined. METHODS 263 patients were selected by non-probabilistic sampling procedures on mental health services in the province of Huelva (Spain). A latent class analysis on the standardized scale scores of The Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation System Scales and the Effortful Control Scale of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire Short-Form was conducted. Profiles were compared on the scores of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-II, the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire SF-36. RESULTS The four latent profile solution is the one that showed the best fit indicators and substantive interpretability, with a kappa of 0.94 in the cross-validation procedure with 75% of the sample. No sex differences were found between the profiles (χ32 5.17, p = .160). Profiles #1 and #3, both characterized by an imbalance between low activation and high inhibition, had lower well-being, lower functionality, and quality of life. When comparing profile #2 (featuring the highest inhibitory control) lower scores on most internalizing scales are observed, specially claustrophobia, social anxiety, panic mania. Profile #4 (low control, high activation, and high inhibition) showed greater scores on both mania and euphoria and lower scores on emotional role. CONCLUSIONS We identified four distinctive profiles that had overly increased behavioral inhibition (as expected in internalizing disorders) and differed in the degree of imbalance between inhibition and activation systems, and between motivational systems and top-down cognitive control. The profile characterized by high activation and reduced cognitive (inhibitory) control was the one showing greater mood-related symptoms and lower levels of quality of life. These profiles could be generated by treatment providers to guide clinical management in an evidence-based manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Rossi
- Personality and Psychopathology research group (PEPS), Department of Psychology (PE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Albein-Urios
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - O M Lozano
- University of Huelva, Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Huelva, Spain; University of Huelva, Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, Huelva, Spain
| | - C Diaz-Batanero
- University of Huelva, Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Huelva, Spain; University of Huelva, Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, Huelva, Spain.
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Kaynak H, Turan A, Demir Y. Locus of Control as a Mediator of the Relationships Between Motivational Systems and Trait Anxiety. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1533-1560. [PMID: 36377649 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, first proposed by Gray and later revised, describes three motivational systems: Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), Behavioral Activation System (BAS), and Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS). Studies have shown that high BIS and FFFS activation are positively related to anxiety symptoms, yet the relationship between BAS and anxiety remains unclear. Research data have also suggested that anxiety symptoms occur with the loss of perceived control. Thus, although studies on the direct effect of locus of control (LOC) on trait anxiety have accumulated for many years, the issue of how LOC may mediate the relationship between BIS/BAS/FFFS sensitivity and anxiety has not been addressed. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of LOC orientation on trait anxiety among young adults in association with these three motivational systems. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 422 volunteers. The BIS/BAS Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Rotter's Internal-External LOC Scale were applied. A series of mediation analyses were performed to estimate total, indirect, and direct effects. The results showed that BIS and FFFS positively predicted trait anxiety. In addition, LOC positively predicted trait anxiety and BIS. The results of the mediation analyses indicated that LOC functioned as a partial mediator between BIS and trait anxiety. This finding revealed that a high BIS level, one of the motivational systems, was associated with external LOC, which in turn contributed to reporting high trait anxiety in young adults. Hence, BIS and external LOC orientation could be suggested as risk factors for trait anxiety. As the external LOC orientation of individuals with high punishment sensitivity increased, their trait anxiety levels also increased. Therefore, it was suggested that it might be useful to be aware that LOC orientations of individuals with BIS sensitivity may pose a risk for trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Kaynak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysu Turan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Demir
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
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Liu C, Filbey FM. Unlocking the age-old secrets of reward and substance use. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 239:173766. [PMID: 38604456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Although substance use is widespread across the lifespan from early adolescence to older adulthood, the prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) differs between age groups. These age differences in SUD rates necessitate an investigation into how age moderates reward sensitivity, and consequently influences the risks and consequences related to substance use. This theoretical review integrates evidence from the literature to address the dynamic interplay between age and reward in the context of substance use. Overall, increasing evidence demonstrates that age moderates reward sensitivity and underlying reward system neurobiology. Reward sensitivity undergoes a non-linear trajectory across the lifespan. Low levels of reward sensitivity are associated with childhood and late adulthood. In contrast, high levels are associated with early to late adolescence, followed by a decline in the twenties. These fluctuations in reward sensitivity across the lifespan contribute to complex associations with substance use. This lends support to adolescence and young adulthood as vulnerable periods for the risk of subsequent SUD. More empirical research is needed to investigate reward sensitivity during SUD maintenance and recovery. Future research should also involve larger sample sizes and encompass a broader range of age groups, including older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Liu
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, United States of America.
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, United States of America
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Jacobs GR, Ameis SH, Szatmari P, Haltigan JD, Voineskos AN. Bifactor models of psychopathology using multi-informant and multi-instrument dimensional measures in the ABCD study. JCPP ADVANCES 2024; 4:e12228. [PMID: 38827988 PMCID: PMC11143956 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Due to limitations of categorical definitions of mental illness, there is a need for quantitative empirical investigations of the dimensional structure of psychopathology. Using exploratory bifactor methods, this study investigated a comprehensive and representative structure of psychopathology in children to better understand how psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms, impulsivity, and sensitivity to reward and punishment, may be integrated into extant general factor models of psychopathology. Methods We used seven child-report and three parent-report instruments capturing diverse mental health symptoms in 11,185 children aged 9-10 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) Study. We built on previous modeling frameworks by conducting both split sample and full sample factor analytic approaches that harnessed recent methodological advances in bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) to examine a wide range of psychopathology measures not previously integrated into a single analysis. Validity of psychopathology dimensions was examined by investigating associations with sex, age, cognition, imaging measures, and medical service usage. Results All four factor analytic models showed excellent fit and similar structure within informant. PLEs loaded most highly onto a general psychopathology factor, suggesting that they may reflect non-specific risk for mental illness. ASD symptoms loaded separately from attention/hyperactivity symptoms. Symptoms of impulsivity and sensitivity to reward and punishment loaded onto specific factors, distinct from externalizing and internalizing factors. All identified factors were associated with clinically relevant risk factors, providing preliminary evidence for their construct validity. Conclusion By integrating diverse child-report and parent-report psychopathology measures for children in the ABCD sample, we deliver data on the quantitative structure of psychopathology for an exceptionally large set of measurements and discuss implications for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace R. Jacobs
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Stephanie H. Ameis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - John D. Haltigan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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Beatty CC, Gair K, Anatala J, Klein DN, Hajcak G, Nelson BD. Neural response to monetary and social rewards and familial risk for psychopathology in adolescent females. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1768-1778. [PMID: 38173094 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a key developmental period for the emergence of psychopathology. Reward-related brain activity increases across adolescence and has been identified as a potential neurobiological mechanism of risk for different forms of psychopathology. The reward positivity (RewP) is an event-related potential component that indexes reward system activation and has been associated with both concurrent and family history of psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether the RewP is also associated with higher-order psychopathology subfactors and whether this relationship is present across different types of reward. METHODS In a sample of 193 adolescent females and a biological parent, the present study examined the association between adolescent and parental psychopathology subfactors and adolescent RewP to monetary and social reward. RESULTS Results indicated that the adolescent and parental distress subfactors were negatively associated with the adolescent domain-general RewP. The adolescent and parental positive mood subfactors were negatively associated with the adolescent domain-general and domain-specific monetary RewP, respectively. Conversely, the adolescent and parental fear/obsessions subfactors were positively associated with the adolescent domain-general RewP. The associations between parental and adolescent psychopathology subfactors and the adolescent RewP were independent of each other. CONCLUSIONS The RewP in adolescent females is associated with both concurrent and parental psychopathology symptoms, suggesting that it indexes both severity and risk for higher-order subfactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare C Beatty
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kelly Gair
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Joy Anatala
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Wang L, Pei Y, Zhu Y, Long H, Pang W. The Moderation Effect of Approach Motivation Between Schizotypy and Creative Ideational Behavior. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1947-1960. [PMID: 38742225 PMCID: PMC11090125 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s441013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The schizotypy-creativity link has been studied from different perspectives over the past few decades, yet the results of this relationship are inconsistent in the literature. Previous studies have suggested that two basic motivational systems-Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS, avoidance motivation) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS, approach motivation)-underlie the relationship between schizotypy and creativity. Few empirical studies, however, have examined how the relationship interacts with other variables. This study fills these gaps and explores the role of the approach and avoidance motivation assessed by trait behavioral activation and inhibition in the link between schizotypy as a dimensional personality trait and creative ideational behavior as a measure of creativity. Method Undergraduate students (N = 388) completed questionnaires including the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) measuring 3 dimensions of schizotypy, Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS) measuring creative ideational behavior, and BIS/BAS Scales measuring trait behavioral motivation. Bivariate Pearson correlation was computed, and hierarchical linear regression was performed to explore the effects of schizotypy, BIS/BAS, and their interaction on creative ideational behavior. The conditional effect of schizotypy based on different levels of the moderator was further tested. Results The total score, positive dimension and disorganized dimension of SPQ were all positively correlated with RIBS, BAS, and BIS. Negative dimension of SPQ was not significantly correlated with the RIBS score but was positively correlated with BIS. Additionally, after controlling gender and age, BAS significantly moderated the relationship between the positive and disorganized dimensions of schizotypy and creative ideational behavior measured by RIBS. However, BIS was not a significant moderator. Discussion The findings of this study regarding the relationships between different dimensions of schizotypy, two motivational systems, and creative ideational behavior were mostly consistent with previous findings. The significant moderated effect of BAS on the relationship between two dimensions of schizotypy and creative ideational behavior made significant contributions to the understanding of the relationship between schizotypy and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Shanghai Teacher Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilai Pei
- China Institute of Education and Social Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfei Zhu
- Shanghai Teacher Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiying Long
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Weiguo Pang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Fredrick JW, Becker SP. Personality Traits in Relation to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and ADHD Inattention in Two Samples of Children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:460-472. [PMID: 38407137 PMCID: PMC11192613 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2024.2316707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS; previously referred to as sluggish cognitive tempo) is a set of behaviors, including excessive mind-wandering, mental fogginess, and hypoactivity, that are separate from ADHD inattentive (ADHD-IN) symptoms and linked to functional outcomes. However, CDS and ADHD-IN symptoms are strongly associated, and our understanding of whether personality correlates are similarly or differentially linked to CDS and ADHD-IN is limited. The objective of the current study was to examine personality correlates of CDS and ADHD-IN symptoms across two independent samples of school-aged youth. METHOD Study 1 included 207 school-aged children (ages 7-11; 63% male; 87.9% White) with or without teacher-reported elevations in CDS. Study 2 included 263 school-aged children (ages 8-12; 58% male; 75.3% White) with the full range of CDS symptomatology. Parents and teachers completed ratings of ADHD-IN and CDS, and parents also reported on their child's personality dimensions. RESULTS Across two samples and controlling for demographic characteristics as well as ADHD-IN symptoms and other personality traits, higher levels of FFFS-fear/shyness were uniquely associated with higher levels of parent- and teacher-reported CDS symptoms. In most models, lower levels of BAS-drive were also uniquely associated with higher levels of CDS. In contrast, when controlling for demographic characteristics and CDS symptoms, higher levels of BAS-impulsivity/fun-seeking were uniquely associated with higher levels of parent- and teacher-reported ADHD-IN symptoms. DISCUSSION The findings provide the clearest evidence to date that personality dimensions are differentially associated with ADHD-IN and CDS symptoms in children, further underscoring CDS as a distinct construct from ADHD-IN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Fredrick
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen P. Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Neo PSH, McNaughton N, Sellbom M. Midfrontal conflict theta and parietal P300 are linked to a latent factor of DSM externalising disorders. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 7:e7. [PMID: 38689856 PMCID: PMC11058520 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2023.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatric illnesses form spectra rather than categories, with symptoms varying continuously across individuals, i.e., there is no clear break between health and disorder. Dimensional measures of behaviour and brain activity are promising targets for studying biological mechanisms that are common across disorders. Here, we assessed the extent to which neural measures of the sensitivity of the three biological systems in the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) could account for individual differences in a latent general factor estimated from symptom counts across externalising disorders (EXTs). RST explanatory power was pitted against reduced P300, a reliable indicator of externalising per previous research. We assessed 206 participants for DSM-5 EXTs (antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intermittent explosive disorder symptoms, alcohol use disorder, and cannabis use disorder). Of the final sample, 49% met diagnostic criteria for at least one of the EXTs. Electroencephalographic measures of the sensitivities of the behavioural activation system (BAS), the fight/flight/freeze system, and the behavioural inhibition system (BIS), as well as P300 were extracted from the gold bar-lemon and stop-signal tasks. As predicted, we found that low neural BIS sensitivity and low P300 were uniquely and negatively associated with our latent factor of externalising. Contrary to prediction, neural BAS/"dopamine" sensitivity was not associated with externalising. Our results provide empirical support for low BIS sensitivity and P300 as neural mechanisms common to disorders within the externalising spectrum; but, given the low N involved, future studies should seek to assess the replicability of our findings and, in particular, the differential involvement of the three RST systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe S.-H. Neo
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Neil McNaughton
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Mayor E, Lieb R. Dispositional factors in the explanation of symptoms of depression, anxiety, health anxiety and COVID-19 Phobia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299593. [PMID: 38625856 PMCID: PMC11020815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive personality, the motivational systems, and intolerance of uncertainty play important roles in the statistical explanation of depression and anxiety. Here, we notably examined for the first time whether symptoms of depression, anxiety, health anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 share similar associations (e.g., variance explained) with these important dispositional dimensions. For this cross-sectional study, data from 1001 participants recruited in Germany (50% women; mean age = 47.26) were collected. In separate models, we examined the cross-sectional associations of the symptoms of depression, anxiety, health anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 with the Personality Inventory for DSM Short Form Plus scales, the Behavioral Inhibition System / Flight-Fight-Freeze System / Behavioral Activation System scales, and Intolerance of Uncertainty scales. Relative weight analyses were used to determine the within-model importance of the different scales in the prediction of the symptoms. All in all, our study showed that maladaptive personality and intolerance of uncertainty dimensions are more important sets of predictors of the studied outcomes (with which depressive and anxious symptomatology feature very similar associations) than are the motivational system dimensions. Within predictor sets, the scales with the most important predictors were: Negative Affectivity, the Behavioral Inhibition System, and Burden due to Intolerance of Uncertainty. Our findings highlight the relevance of focusing behavioral targets of psychotherapy on these within-set traits and identify potential research priorities (maladaptive personality and intolerance of uncertainty) in relation to the symptoms of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mayor
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roselind Lieb
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Brancart X, Rossi G, Dierckx E, De Vos I, De Raedt R. Temperament Based Personality Types in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Latent Profile Analysis. Psychol Belg 2024; 64:24-41. [PMID: 38618169 PMCID: PMC11012024 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Three adaptive trait-based personality types have been replicated across ages, cultures, clinical problems and clustering methods: Resilient, Undercontrolled and Overcontrolled type (RUO). Recently there is growing interest in and importance of biopsychosocial transdiagnostic factors underlying personality types, such as temperamental reactivity and self-regulation. Latter can be understood in terms of Behavioural Inhibition (BIS), Behavioural Activation Systems (BAS) and Effortful Control (EC). The occurrence of temperament based RUO types has not yet been confirmed in older adults with or without a mental disorder. Therefore, based on a person-centered approach, the current study investigates whether RUO types can be corroborated in older adults based on the aforementioned temperamental factors. Latent profile analysis yielded two distinct personality profiles in community-dwelling over-60s, which we tentatively labeled a resilient (n = 167) and overcontrolled/inhibited type (n = 241). Compared to the resilient type, the overcontrolled/inhibited type scored lower on EC and higher on BIS. We could not corroborate an undercontrolled type (profiles scored equally on BAS). Group comparisons revealed that overcontrolled/inhibited older adults demonstrated significantly more clinical symptoms, higher emotional instability, lower scores on adaptive traits, less resilience and were significantly more likely to use passive and avoidant coping styles, compared to resilient older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Brancart
- Xenia Brancart Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Psychology, Personality and Psychopathology research group (PEPS), Brussels, Belgium
- Ghent University (UG), Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent, Belgium
- VUB-UG alliance research group Personality and Information Processing in Older Adults, PIPO, Belgium
| | - Gina Rossi
- VUB-UG alliance research group Personality and Information Processing in Older Adults, PIPO, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Psychology, Personality and Psychopathology research group (PEPS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Dierckx
- VUB-UG alliance research group Personality and Information Processing in Older Adults, PIPO, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Psychology, Personality and Psychopathology research group (PEPS), Brussels, Belgium
- Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen (AZT), Psychiatric Hospital, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Indra De Vos
- VUB-UG alliance research group Personality and Information Processing in Older Adults, PIPO, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Ghent University (UG), Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent, Belgium
- VUB-UG alliance research group Personality and Information Processing in Older Adults, PIPO, Belgium
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Bradt L, Grosemans E, De Cock R, Dupont B, Vansteenkiste M, Soenens B. Does parents' perceived style of setting limits to gaming matter? The interplay between profiles of parental mediation and BIS/BAS sensitivity in problematic gaming and online gambling. J Adolesc 2024; 96:580-597. [PMID: 37968846 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parents try to prevent possible negative outcomes associated with gaming by setting rules on their adolescent's gaming behavior (i.e., restrictive mediation). Parents can use either more autonomy-supportive or more controlling styles to communicate those rules. Using a person-centered approach, this study aims to, first, identify profiles of parents' perceived degree of restrictive mediation in gaming and styles of communicating these rules (i.e., autonomy-supportive and controlling); second, to examine how adolescents in different profiles differ in terms of maladaptive gaming outcomes (i.e., problematic gaming, simulated, and online gambling); third, to investigate the moderating role of gaming frequency and adolescents' personality (i.e., behavioral inhibition system [BIS] sensitivity and behavioral activation system [BAS] sensitivity) in the associations between the parental profiles and the outcomes. METHODS The study used quantitative, cross-sectional survey data from Belgian adolescents (N = 1651, mean age = 14.00 years, 51.2% boys), collected between November 2021 and February 2022 in schools. RESULTS Cluster analysis yielded four profiles of perceived restrictive mediation: an exclusively controlling one, an autonomy-supportive one, one where parents used a perceived mix of both communication styles, and one where there was an overall perceived lack of restrictive mediation. Adolescents in the controlling profile displayed the most maladaptive outcomes. Some of the associations between the parental profiles and the outcomes were stronger for more frequent gamers and for adolescents scoring higher on both BIS and BAS sensitivity. CONCLUSION Associations between the parental profiles and gaming outcomes were theoretically meaningful, yet small in terms of effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowie Bradt
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Grosemans
- Institute for Media Studies, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bruno Dupont
- Institute for Media Studies, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Soenens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kordbagheri A, Abdelrahman RM, Alsharif AF, Ahmed M. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ). Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 244:104211. [PMID: 38461582 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) originated from the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. This study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the RST-PQ among a group of Iranian adults. METHOD The cross-sectional study was carried out among 600 Iranian adults utilizing a convenient sampling method, following specific participant selection criteria to enhance the study methodology's transparency (including the age range between 18 and 35 years' participants without major psychiatric diagnoses). Participants completed both the Iranian version of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) and the Five-Factor NEO-FFI questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis, employing the multiple indicators model (MIMIC) approach, was utilized in this study to control for demographic variables such as age and gender. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis results showed an acceptable fit of the proposed six-factor model based on the English version of RST-PQ (CFI = 0.905; RMSEA = 0.053). Also, Cronbach's alpha values confirmed the internal consistency of the proposed structure. In addition, competing models were also used to select the best-proposed model. In this way, different models were evaluated, assuming a change in the correlation intensity between BIS and the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS). CONCLUSIONS The convergent validity results with the Five-Factor Personality measure provided further support and were consistent with previous research findings. It is crucial to have an Iranian-language version of the RST-PQ to promote RST research and show how this theoretical framework aids in explaining and predicting various actions, whether they are abnormal or healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kordbagheri
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran.
| | - Rasha Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Humanities and Social Sciences Research Center(HSSRC), Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; College of Humanities and sciences, Ajman University, UAE & LINP2-2APS, Paris Nanterre University, France; National Center for Examinations and Educational Evaluation (NCEEE), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alaa F Alsharif
- College of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Marei Ahmed
- College of Humanities and sciences, Ajman University, UAE & LINP2-2APS, Paris Nanterre University, France.
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13
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Liu J, Wang H, Xing S, Liu X. Sensitivity to reward and punishment in adolescents with repetitive non-suicidal self-injury: The role of inhibitory control. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100456. [PMID: 38577656 PMCID: PMC10992695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Repetitive Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (R-NSSI) is complex and prevalent in adolescents. Although the reward system is a promising mechanism to explain R-NSSI, the specific processes of reward and punishment related to R-NSSI remain unclear. This study examined whether adolescents with R-NSSI displayed difficulties in both reward and punishment contexts, and further explored the role of inhibitory control in processing monetary reward and punishment. Methods Within a cohort from two middle schools (N = 3,475, 48.6 % female, Mage = 12.95), a total of 187 adolescents completed three novel behavioral tasks. Specifically, in Study 1, 36 adolescents with R-NSSI and 28 without NSSI completed adapted incentive-delay tasks to evaluate sensitivity to reward and punishment. In Study 2, 27 adolescents with R-NSSI and 21 without NSSI were given novel incentive delay-two choice oddball task to evaluate the interaction between reward and inhibitory control. In Study 3, 38 adolescents with R-NSSI and 35 without NSSI completed similar task to assess the interaction between punishment and inhibitory control. Results Adolescents with R-NSSI were characterized by higher levels of behavioral reward and punishment sensitivity than adolescents without NSSI. More importantly, the difference between reward and punishment in inhibitory control of R-NSSI was found. Compared to adolescents without NSSI, adolescents with R-NSSI showed lower levels of inhibitory control in response to cues depicting punishment content but not to those depicting reward content. Conclusions This study provides novel experimental evidence that heightened behavioral sensitivity to both reward and punishment may be relevant trait marker in R-NSSI among adolescents, and emphasizes that punishment not reward interact with inhibitory control in the R-NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Liu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shufen Xing
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
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14
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Mills-Finnerty C, Staggs H, Bittoni C, Wise N. Affective neuroscience: applications for sexual medicine research and clinical practice. Sex Med Rev 2024; 12:127-141. [PMID: 38281754 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qead048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Affective neuroscience is the study of the brain substrates of emotional, embodied experiences. Affective neuroscience theory (ANT) is based on experimental evidence that all mammals are hardwired with 7 primary subcortical emotional operating systems, or "core emotions," that have overlapping but distinct circuits buried in the deep, ancient parts of the brain. Imbalances in the 7 core emotions can affect multiple aspects of the individual's psychosocial well-being (eg, depression, anxiety, substance abuse). Here, we propose that core emotions can also influence sexual function and, specifically, that imbalances in core emotions are the bridge connecting psychiatric symptoms (eg, anhedonia) to sexual dysfunction (eg, anorgasmia). OBJECTIVES In this targeted review and commentary, we outline potential connections between ANT and sexual medicine research and clinical practice. We summarize ANT by defining the 3-level BrainMind and core emotions; examining how they relate to personality, behavior, and mental health; and determining the implications for sexual health research and clinical practice. METHODS A targeted literature review was conducted. Case studies were adapted from client files and clinician interviews and then anonymized. RESULTS We propose a novel organizational schema for implementing affective balance therapies for sexual dysfunction, which integrate psychoeducational, somatic, and cognitive therapeutic approaches under the ANT framework. We provide 3 patient case studies (anorgasmia, hypersexuality, spinal cord injury) outlining the implementation of this approach and patient outcomes. CONCLUSION ANT has practical translational applications in sexual health research and clinical practice. By integrating our understanding of the role of core emotions in human sexuality, clinicians can better tailor treatments to address sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Mills-Finnerty
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Care, Palo Alto Veterans Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Halee Staggs
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Care, Palo Alto Veterans Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Celeste Bittoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Padova, Padova 2 35122, Italy
| | - Nan Wise
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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15
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Abber SR, Murray SM, Brown CS, Wierenga CE. Change in motivational bias during treatment predicts outcome in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:671-681. [PMID: 38303629 PMCID: PMC10947895 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reward and punishment sensitivity are known to be altered in anorexia nervosa (AN). Most research has examined these constructs separately although motivated behavior is influenced by considering both the potential for reward and risk of punishment. The present study sought to compare the relative balance of reward and punishment sensitivity in AN versus healthy controls (HCs) and examine whether motivational bias is associated with AN symptoms and treatment outcomes. METHODS Adolescents and adults with AN (n = 262) in a partial hospitalization program completed the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales, and Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) at admission and discharge. HCs (HC; n = 90) completed the BIS/BAS and SPSRQ. Motivational Bias Scores were calculated to reflect the dominance of reward versus punishment sensitivity. RESULTS Individuals with AN demonstrated significantly greater bias toward punishment sensitivity than HC. In AN, a bias toward punishment was associated with higher EDE-Q Global score at admission. Change in motivational bias during treatment predicted EDE-Q Global scores, but not BMI, at discharge, with greater increases in reward sensitivity or greater decreases in punishment sensitivity during treatment predicting lower eating pathology. Similar findings were observed using the BIS/BAS and SPSRQ. DISCUSSION Change in motivational bias during treatment is associated with improved outcomes in AN. However, it appears that much of the change in motivational bias can be attributed to changes in punishment sensitivity, rather than reward sensitivity. Future research should examine the mechanisms underlying punishment sensitivity decreases during treatment. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Sensitivity to reward and punishment may be important treatment targets for individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). To date, most research has considered reward and punishment sensitivity separately, rather than examining their relationship to each other. We found that the balance of reward and punishment sensitivity (i.e., motivational bias) differs between healthy controls and those with AN and that this bias is associated with eating disorder symptoms and treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R. Abber
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Susan M. Murray
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, CA
| | - Carina S. Brown
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, CA
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
| | - Christina E. Wierenga
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, CA
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16
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Oguchi M, Furukawa E, Nagahama N, Perera KD, Tripp G. Relationships between experimental task and questionnaire measures of reward/punishment sensitivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078026. [PMID: 38355179 PMCID: PMC10868308 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the purported underlying causal mechanisms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is altered motivational processes. Questionnaires have been used to identify the characteristics of reward and punishment sensitivity in individuals with ADHD. However, these questionnaires were initially developed to measure individual traits related to anxiety (inhibitory) and impulsivity (approach) tendencies or differences in pleasure-seeking. These reward and punishment sensitivity questionnaires are useful but might not capture all relevant aspects of altered motivational processes in ADHD. The proposed scoping review aims to: (1) examine which aspects of hypothesised altered reward and punishment sensitivity correspond to constructs measured by existing questionnaires, (2) characterise the relationships between ADHD symptomatology and reward and punishment sensitivity as measured by existing questionnaires and (3) evaluate the consistency between the altered reward and punishment sensitivity as measured by existing questionnaires and experimental task performance. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Reporting of the scoping review results will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Methodology for Scoping Reviews. Published English-language literature was searched in three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO) on 16 November 2023, with no restriction on the year of publication. Two researchers independently screened all identified titles/abstracts before proceeding to full-text review and additional handsearching of relevant studies. A narrative review and conclusions will be presented together with tables summarising the articles reviewed and the results organised by the three aims. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study reviews existing publications with ethical approval in place. Therefore, ethical approval is not required. Review results will be disseminated through academic conferences and peer-reviewed manuscripts. Scoping review results will also inform future research to measure and identify altered motivational processes in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Oguchi
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Furukawa
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Naano Nagahama
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kokila Dilhani Perera
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Gail Tripp
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
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17
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Kuan CS, Liu QY, Xu GM, Zhou HY, Nie JH, Yan C. Diminished hedonic capacity in social activities as a mediator of the link between dysfunctional behavioral activation system and depressive symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1337847. [PMID: 38380120 PMCID: PMC10876889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1337847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a crucial period for the development of depression, and previous studies have suggested that the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) plays a significant role. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of anhedonia in the relationship between BAS and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Method A total of 1,023 high-school students aged 15-18 years participated in the study, with 916 continuing their participation three months later. All participants completed the Behavioral Inhibition System/Activation System (BIS/BAS) scale, Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S/T). Pathway model analysis was performed to examine the concurrent and prospective mediating effects of anhedonia and the potential moderating effect of sex. Result Anhedonia in the domains of social activities, hobbies and sensory experiences significantly mediated the cross-sectional relationship between BAS and depressive level three months later. Furthermore, the beta-value of the mediating effect of social activities was significantly higher than that of the other domains of hedonic capacity cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, sex showed no significant moderating effect. Conclusion Our findings underscore the importance of hedonic capacity, especially within the social domain, in the development of depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to the early diagnosis and prevention of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-son Kuan
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-yu Liu
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang-min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-yu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-hui Nie
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Cruz-Sanabria F, Faraguna U, Panu C, Tommasi L, Bruno S, Bazzani A, Sebastiani L, Santarcangelo EL. Hypnotizability-related risky experience and behavior. Neurosci Lett 2024; 821:137625. [PMID: 38185203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Risk is the probability of an adverse event. The proneness to take a risk and the risk taking behavior differ among the general population. Hypnotizability is a stable psychophysiological trait expressing the individual proneness to modify perception, memory and behavior following specific suggestions also in the ordinary state of consciousness. Some hypnotizability-related neurophysiological and behavioral correlates suggest that hypnotizability level, measured by standard scales classifying individuals as low (lows), medium (mediums) and high hypnotizable (highs) subjects, can be related to risk propensity and risk-taking. To study whether hypnotizability modulates risk propensity and behavior, we recruited healthy participants, classified through the Standford Hypnotic Susceptibility scale, form A, and compared lows' (n = 33), mediums' (n = 19) and highs'(n = 15) experiential and behavioral risk perception and propensity variables through the Domain-specific risk-taking scale and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. MANOVA results indicated that different hypnotizability levels are not associated with different risky behavior and experience, except for higher expected financial benefits from risky behavior in lows. However, hypnotizability-related risk profiles were identified through correlational analyses. In fact, highs exhibited a negative association between risk perception and propensity to risk-taking, whereas mediums and lows displayed a positive association between risk propensity and expected benefit. In conclusion, the highs' profile indicates a more automatic behavior with respect to mediums and lows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francy Cruz-Sanabria
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carola Panu
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tommasi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Bruno
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Bazzani
- Institute of Management, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Sebastiani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Information Science and Technologies "Alessandro Faedo" (ISTI-CNR), Pisa, Italy.
| | - Enrica L Santarcangelo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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19
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Van Malderen E, Goossens L, Claes L, Wilderjans TF, Kemps E, Verbeken S. Self-regulation profiles in addictive behaviors among adolescents: A transdiagnostic approach. Appetite 2024; 192:107128. [PMID: 37984600 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Dual-pathway models suggest that poor self-regulation (immature regulatory combined with strong reactive processes) is an important factor underlying addictive behaviors among adolescents. This study examined whether there are different self-regulation profiles among community adolescents, and how these profiles are related to the presence, severity and comorbidity of different addictive behaviors. A community sample of 341 adolescents (54.5% female; 13-17 years) was recruited. Participants self-reported on regulatory (inhibitory control) and reactive (reward and punishment sensitivity) processes, as well as on different addictive behaviors (binge eating, tobacco-, cannabis- and alcohol use, gaming, gambling and pathological buying). A model-based clustering analysis found evidence for three meaningful profiles: 'impulsive/under-controlled', 'anxious' and 'protective'. The 'impulsive/under-controlled' profile was characterized by the highest prevalence and severity of cannabis use and the most severe alcohol use. The 'impulsive/under-controlled' and 'protective' profiles demonstrated the highest prevalence and severity of tobacco use, whereas the 'impulsive/under-controlled' and 'anxious' profiles showed the highest binge eating scores. Adolescents who reported more than three types of addictive behaviors generally belonged to the 'impulsive/under-controlled' profile. The profiles did not differ for gaming, gambling and pathological buying. The 'impulsive/under-controlled' profile emerged as the most vulnerable profile in the context of addictive behaviors (especially for binge eating and substance use).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Van Malderen
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lien Goossens
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom F Wilderjans
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Kemps
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Sandra Verbeken
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Howard MC. Relations of behavioral inhibition and activation system sensitivities with vaccination outcomes: Investigating the mediating role of vaccine hesitancy in older adults. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:28-41. [PMID: 37691413 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231197645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) sensitivities has produced a multitude of models and frameworks to better understand decision-making and behavior. We extend this research to the study of a vaccination by exploring the relation of BIS and BAS sensitivities with vaccination willingness, receipt, and word-of-mouth. We also assess whether dimensions of vaccine hesitancy mediate these relations, testing whether they are viable explanatory mechanisms. By conducting a multi-wave survey study, our results support that BIS sensitivity does not meaningfully relate to vaccine hesitancy or vaccination outcomes. On the other hand, BAS sensitivity related to detrimental vaccination outcomes, and these effects were mediated by vaccine hesitancy dimensions associated with perceptions that vaccines cause health risks and are not needed for healthy individuals. Based on extant BIS and BAS theory, these results suggest that certain people may see refraining from vaccination as a nonpunishment.
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21
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Aguilar R. Finger-Length Ratios and Sexual Orientation in Southern Spain: A Large Sample Study on Sex-Linked Personality and Cognitive Traits. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3301-3312. [PMID: 37537427 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Some similarities between sex differences and sexual orientation differences, with gay men shifted in female-typical directions and lesbians shifted in male-typical directions, have been hypothesized to reflect the effects of prenatal androgen exposure. This report assessed sex-linked personality and cognitive traits in a Spanish sample of 1117 straight (i.e., heterosexual) and non-straight (i.e., non-heterosexual) men and women, using finger-length ratio (2D:4D) as an index of prenatal androgen exposure. Observed sex differences were in the expected direction: Measures of right-hand 2D:4D, left-hand 2D:4D, and anxiety were higher in straight women than men, whereas impulsivity, dominance, cognitive reflection, and mathematical proficiency were higher in straight men than women. Gay men proved to be shifted in a female-typical direction compared to straight men for right-hand 2D:4D, left-hand 2D:4D, anxiety, and cognitive reflection; they were intermediate for dominance and mathematics, and were shifted in a male-typical direction for impulsivity. Lesbians were shifted in a male-typical direction compared to straight women for left-hand 2D:4D, anxiety, cognitive reflection, and mathematics; and they were shifted in a highly female-typical direction for impulsivity and dominance (scoring lower than straight women). Observed sex-linked shifts in gay men and lesbians were larger for psychological traits that displayed larger sex differences, and smallest for impulsivity (which displayed the smallest sex difference). Evidence also suggested that sex-related measures were linked to 2D:4D in theoretically meaningful ways. In conclusion, this report suggests a plausible role of androgens as prenatal determinants of sex-linked personality and cognitive traits in straight and non-straight men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Aguilar
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Málaga, C/ Doctor Ortiz Ramos, 12, Ampliación de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
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22
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El Ahdab J, Kallab K, Yarkiner Z, Helwe S, Mattar H, Raad G. Exploring behavioral systems of the reinforcement sensitivity theory in people with epilepsy: A cross-sectional study. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 147:109394. [PMID: 37619468 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although epilepsy has previously been associated with behavioral changes, no previous study has utilized the behavioral models of the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) to investigate the impact of epilepsy on behavior. Therefore, the objective of this cross-sectional study is to examine the potential relationship between epilepsy and the neurobehavioral systems of the RST. METHODS Using the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory-Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ), this cross-sectional study assessed the behavioral systems of the RST in a sample of 27 epilepsy patients and 27 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. The RST-PQ was designed to assess the different behavioral systems of the RST. The behavioral approach system (BAS) is responsible of the approach behavior, in high values related to risk seeking and addictive behavior and in low values well related to depression. The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is well related to anxiety in high levels, and the fight flight freeze system (FFFS) is responsible for the avoidance behavior. RESULTS After adjusting for age, no significant differences were found in demographic information (gender and marital status) between the general population and epilepsy patients. Gender distribution was similar, with 55.6% females in both groups. Marital status also showed no significant difference, with 74% single in the control group and 63% in the epilepsy group. Significant differences were observed in the behavioral systems of the RST. The epilepsy group had higher scores compared with the control group in several areas. BAS reward activity had a median score of 23 in the epilepsy group and 21 in the control group (p = 0.001). BAS goal drive persistence (p = 0.04), BAS impulsivity (p = 0.014), FFFS (p = 0.002), and BIS (median score of 77 in the epilepsy group and 66 in the control group) also showed significant differences, with p = 0.001. These significant differences remained consistent before and after matching the control group, indicating their robustness. The only exception was BAS reward activity, which did not show a significant difference after matching, with p = 0.106 and p = 0.051 before and after matching, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests a potential positive association between epilepsy and the BIS, potentially mediated by the hippocampus. The relationship between epilepsy and the BAS, as well as the FFFS, may also be influenced by the BIS. These findings have clinical implications, but further research is needed to confirm these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad El Ahdab
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Kamal Kallab
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon; Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center, Street 93, Byblos Postal Code 3, Lebanon
| | - Zalihe Yarkiner
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Northern Cyprus via Mersin, Cyprus International University, Turkey
| | - Sami Helwe
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Hanna Mattar
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon; Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center, Street 93, Byblos Postal Code 3, Lebanon
| | - Georges Raad
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Wu JCL, Wang PL, Chiang TL. Early temperament and physical health in school-age children: Applying a short temperament measure in a population-based cohort. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285710. [PMID: 37216365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperament has drawn considerable attention in the understanding of behavioural problems and psychopathology across developmental stages. However, less of a focus has been placed on the role of temperament in physical aspects of health. We aimed to examine the relations between early temperament traits and physical health in school-age children. This study used longitudinal data of 18,994 children (52.4% boys) born in 2005 from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study, in which follow-up surveys were conducted via face-to-face interviews with the child's caregiver. Temperament at 5.5 years of age was assessed using a nine-item measure, and two higher-order temperament traits, surgency and regulation, were derived through confirmatory factor analysis. Physical health outcomes at age 8 included caregiver-rated general health status and medically attended injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied, with the child's birth outcome, early health status or injury history, health behaviours and family socioeconomic status as control variables. The results indicated that higher levels of surgency and regulation, as early temperament traits, significantly predicted lower odds of caregiver-rated poor health in later years. Higher level of regulation was also associated with lower odds of injury risk. Our findings suggest that assessing early temperament traits could be useful for the promotion and management of physical health in young school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chun-Li Wu
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Wang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Liang Chiang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Franchina V, Klackl J, Jonas E. The reinforcement sensitivity theory affects questionnaire (RST-AQ). A validation study of a new scale targeting affects related to anxiety, approach motivation and fear. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:5193-5205. [PMID: 38524832 PMCID: PMC10959810 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the RST-AQ, a 22-item scale to measure the affective states related to the three motivational systems postulated by Reinforcement Sensitivity theory (RST-AQ): the Behavioral approach system (BAS), Behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and the Fight-Flight-Freeze system (FFFS). The three subscales are internally consistent. Results show an overall support for construct validity of our RST-AQ measure. The correlations of the RST-AQ subscales with other measures demonstrate a good convergent and divergent validity with regard to the subscales of BAS and BIS. The RTS-AQ Scale provides researcher with the first instrument to measures the affective states of the RST theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Klackl
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Jonas
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Li Y. Role of coping strategies in mediating the effects of behavioral inhibition and activation systems on anger rumination and expression in patients with borderline personality disorder: A 12-month longitudinal study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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El Ahdab J, Khachan MJ, Richa S, Raad G. A comprehensive review on the role of testosterone on the neurobehavioral systems implicated in the reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality. L'ENCEPHALE 2023; 49:174-184. [PMID: 36411119 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) is a neuropsychological theory of personality emphasizing approach and avoidance as the two core behavioral aspects. Approach is represented by the behavioral approach system (BAS). Avoidance is represented by the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS). Although the influence of testosterone on human behavior has been demonstrated, few studies have investigated the relation between testosterone and the RST. The aim of this narrative review was to decipher the possible role of testosterone on the biological systems involved in the RST in humans. METHODS Google scholar, PubMed, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane library databases were interrogated using keywords such as testosterone, BIS, BAS, FFFS, personality, reinforcement sensitivity theory. RESULTS Seven original articles, published between 2009 and 2022, assessing the relation between testosterone and the systems implicated in the RST, were included. The results of these studies suggested the presence of a possible positive relation between testosterone and the BAS. However, the impact of testosterone on the BIS and/or FFFS seems to be less clear. DISCUSSION The consistency in the results supporting the presence of a positive relation between testosterone and the BAS might lead to the consideration of testosterone as a potential correlate in the clinical assessment of several psychopathologies. The inconsistency in the conclusions regarding the impact of testosterone on the BIS and/or the FFFS might be attributed to the different questionnaires used as measurement tools. Additional research remains needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J El Ahdab
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - M-J Khachan
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - S Richa
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Hôtel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - G Raad
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon; Al-Hadi laboratory and medical center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Mallahzadeh A, Shafie M, Tahvilian M, Sadeghi M, Moslemian G, Barzin P, Bemanalizadeh M, Mayeli M, Aarabi MH. White matter tracts alterations underpinning reward and conflict processing. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:251-258. [PMID: 36958490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) is proposed as a neurobiological system that eventually led to emotion and motivation-based constructs of personality. Traditionally segmented into the behavioral activation system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), RST is commonly used to describe personality and behavior. Although there have been studies linking gray matter alterations with BIS/BAS subscales, the role of white matter (WM) alterations is yet controversial. We aimed to investigate the specific WM tracts associated with BIS/BAS scores. METHODS 220 healthy participants (mean age = 39.14 ± 20.23, 80 (35.7 %) females) were evaluated using the BIS/BAS questionnaire from the LEMON database. Diffusion MRI connectometry (DMRI) was used to investigate the WM correlates of BIS/BAS subscales in each gender group. Multiple regression models with the covariates of age, handedness, and education were fitted to address the correlation of local connectomes with BIS/BAS components. RESULTS DMRI connectometry revealed that the quantitative anisotropy (QA) value of the splenium of the corpus callosum, right cerebellum, middle cerebellar peduncle, and superior cerebellar peduncle, had a significant negative correlation with each BIS/BAS subscale. In contrast, the QA value in the body of the corpus callosum and bilateral cingulum showed a positive correlation with BIS/BAS subscales. CONCLUSION The connectivity of WM in certain tracts may contribute to behavioral activation and inhibition. This finding expands the findings on the neural networks associated with risk-taking and reward-seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arashk Mallahzadeh
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Shafie
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Tahvilian
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadeghi
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golsa Moslemian
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Barzin
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bemanalizadeh
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mayeli
- NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Underlying differences in resting-state activity metrics related to sensitivity to punishment. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114152. [PMID: 36228781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) of personality establishes the punishment sensitivity trait as a source of variation in defensive avoidance/approach behaviors. These individual differences reflect dissimilar sensitivity and reactivity of the fight-flight-freeze and behavioral inhibition systems (FFFS/BIS). The sensitivity to punishment (SP) scale has been widely used in personality research aimed at studying the activity of these systems. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies have confirmed the core biological correlates of FFFS/BIS in humans. Nonetheless, some brain functional features derived from resting-state blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity and its association with the punishment sensitivity dimension remain unclear. This relationship would shed light on stable neural activity patterns linked to anxiety-like behaviors and anxiety predisposition. In this study, we analyzed functional activity metrics "at rest" [e.g., regional homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF)] and their relationship with SP in key FFFS/BIS regions (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray) in a sample of 127 healthy adults. Our results revealed a significant negative correlation between the fALFF within all these regions and the scores on SP. Our findings suggest aberrant neural activity (lower fALFF) within the brain's defense system in participants with high trait anxiety, which in turn could reflect lower FFFS/BIS activation thresholds. These neurally-located differences could lead to pathological fear/anxiety behaviors arising from the FFFS and BIS.
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Pulido MA, Brown F, Cortés R, Salame M. Reinforcement sensitivity theory may predict COVID-19 infection outcome and vulnerability. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023; 200:111867. [PMID: 35999958 PMCID: PMC9388444 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that specific behavior patterns may be related with the outcome and vulnerability of a COVID-19 infection; nevertheless, much of this information has been obtained by means of psychological paradigms that are not based on research conducted using experimental designs. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to identify behavior patterns associated with COVID-19 outcome and vulnerability from the point of view of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. A total of 464 college students from Mexico-City participated in the study. Participants answered the Behavior Inhibition, Behavior Activation scales (Carver & White, 1994), the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (Corr & Cooper, 2016) and a COVID-19 symptom checklist. Data showed that those individuals who respond in an enthusiastic way to rewards develop less symptoms of COVID-19. Additionally, individuals who are keen in the exploration and identification of new rewarding opportunities are less likely to develop a COVID-19 infection. Both findings suggest that a potent Behavior Activation System could protect individuals during the present pandemic. These results are in general agreement with others produced within the same framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Pulido
- Universidad Anáhuac México, Mexico
- Centro de Estudios Superiores Monte Fénix, Mexico
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Preclinical and clinical evidence on the approach-avoidance conflict evaluation as an integrative tool for psychopathology. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e90. [PMID: 36510831 PMCID: PMC9762142 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796022000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The approach-avoidance conflict (AAC), i.e. the competing tendencies to undertake goal-directed actions or to withdraw from everyday life challenges, stands at the basis of humans' existence defining behavioural and personality domains. Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory posits that a stable bias toward approach or avoidance represents a psychopathological trait associated with excessive sensitivity to reward or punishment. Optogenetic studies in rodents and imaging studies in humans associated with cross-species AAC paradigms granted new emphasis to the hippocampus as a hub of behavioural inhibition. For instance, recent functional neuroimaging studies show that functional brain activity in the human hippocampus correlates with threat perception and seems to underlie passive avoidance. Therefore, our commentary aims to (i) discuss the inhibitory role of the hippocampus in approach-related behaviours and (ii) promote the integration of functional neuroimaging with cross-species AAC paradigms as a means of diagnostic, therapeutic, follow up and prognosis refinement in psychiatric populations.
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Kreuze LJ, de Jong PJ, Jonker NC, Hartman CA, Nauta MH. Behavioral problems in anxious youth: Cross-sectional and prospective associations with reinforcement sensitivity and parental rejection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267177. [PMID: 36301807 PMCID: PMC9612547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A subsample of children and young people (CYP) with anxiety disorders presents with comorbid behavioral problems. These CYP have greater impairment in daily life, profit less from current treatments, and have an increased risk for continued mental problems. We investigated two potential explanations for these comorbid behavioral problems. First, high punishment sensitivity (PS) may lead to a strong inclination to experience threat, which may not only elicit anxiety but also defensive behavioral problems. Second, behavioral problems may arise from high reward sensitivity (RS), when rewards are not obtained. Behavioral problems may subsequently elicit parental rejection, thereby fueling anxiety. We used a cross-sectional (age = 16.1, N = 61) and prospective (age = 22.2, N = 91) approach to test the relationship between PS/RS and comorbid behavioral problems. Participants were a subsample of highly anxious CYP from a large prospective cohort study. PS/RS were indexed by a spatial orientation task. We also investigated the prospective association between behavioral problems and anxiety at 6-year follow-up, and the proposed mediation by parental rejection. PS and RS showed no cross-sectional or prospective relationships with comorbid behavioral problems in highly anxious CYP. Yet, behavioral problems in adolescence showed a small prospective relationship with anxiety in young adulthood, but this was not mediated nor moderated by parental rejection. No evidence was found for PS/RS being involved in comorbid behavioral problems in anxious CYP. Findings point to comorbid behavioral problems as potential factor contributing to the further increase of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J. Kreuze
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter J. de Jong
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke C. Jonker
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Nauta
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Thomas L, Egan V. Subclinical sadism: Examining temperamental predispositions and emotional processing. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nazzari S, Grumi S, Ciotti S, Merusi I, Provenzi L, Gagliardi L. Determinants of emotional distress in neonatal healthcare professionals: An exploratory analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:968789. [PMID: 36249219 PMCID: PMC9556841 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.968789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of mental health problems have been consistently reported among neonatal healthcare professionals. While studies suggest that personality, coping strategies and safety culture might contribute to the psychological wellbeing of healthcare professionals, they have not been systematically investigated in low-risk (i.e., neonatal wards; NWs) and high-risk (i.e., neonatal intensive care units; NICUs) neonatal contexts. The current study investigated potential predictors of professionals' emotional distress and whether they differ according to the work setting (i.e., NICUs vs. NWs). Methods Healthcare professionals (N = 314) from 7 level-3 (i.e., NICUs) and 6 level-2 (i.e., NWs) neonatal units in Tuscany were included. Emotional distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, psychosomatic, post-traumatic stress symptoms and emotional exhaustion), Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioral Approach System (BAS) sensitivity, coping strategies and safety culture were assessed through well-validated, self-reported questionnaires. Results Greater BIS/BAS sensitivity, avoidance coping strategies and a sub-dimension of safety culture (i.e., stress recognition) were significantly associated with greater risk of emotional distress, whereas job satisfaction emerged as a protective factor. Three specific profiles of professionals in term of personality, coping and safety culture were identified and further predicted emotional distress. Neonatal wards and NICUs personnel presented different associations between personality, coping and safety culture. Conclusion These findings highlighted significant modifiable contributors of neonatal mental healthcare professionals' wellbeing. Institutional initiatives that target these factors and, particularly, job satisfaction may promote professionals' emotional wellbeing and thus improve caring processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nazzari
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Grumi
- Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabina Ciotti
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatrics, Ospedale Versilia, Viareggio, Italy,AUSL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Merusi
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatrics, Ospedale Versilia, Viareggio, Italy,AUSL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Livio Provenzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy,*Correspondence: Livio Provenzi
| | - Luigi Gagliardi
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatrics, Ospedale Versilia, Viareggio, Italy,AUSL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
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Wang J, Sun D, Jiang J, Wang H, Cheng X, Ruan Q, Wang Y. The effect of courage on stress: The mediating mechanism of behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation in high-risk occupations. Front Psychol 2022; 13:961387. [PMID: 36059774 PMCID: PMC9434112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Employees in high-risk occupations are exposed to tremendous work acute stress or prolonged stress disorders that are likely to undermine the health and organizational effectiveness. Based on positive psychology, courage which refers to behavioral approach despite the experience of fear could buffer the negative effects on stress. However, there is little known about the mechanisms by which courage decreases the risk of stress. Motivational systems may play an underlying role in this process, as behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is inhibited and behavioral activation system (BAS) is evoked by risk or threat. The current study aimed to examine the mediating effects of behavioral inhibition and activation on the relationship between courage and stress in the high-risk occupations. This study recruited 1,761 high-risk employees aged from 18 to 27 (M = 19.32; SD = 4.14) with a cluster sampling method who completed Courage Measure (CM), the BIS/BAS Scales and the Psychological Stress Evaluation Test (PSET). The correlation and mediation analyses examined the inter-variable correlations as well as the underlying mechanism between courage and stress. The results support the hypothesis and reveal that the behavioral inhibition mediates the association between courage and stress (Bindirect = −0.02, p < 0. 01, 95%CI = −0.03 to −0.003). The behavioral activation of fun seeking mediates the association between courage and stress as well (Bindirect = −0.04, p < 0. 01, 95%CI = −0.058 to −0.029). These findings suggest that behavioral inhibition and activation of fun seeking play imperative mechanism underpinning the buffering effect of courage on stress. Other theoretical and applied implications for desensitizing stress in the high-risk occupations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Developmental Psychology of Armyman, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dingyu Sun
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotong Cheng
- Unit 32298 of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Weifang, China
| | - Qianying Ruan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Graduate School, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yichao Wang,
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Talisman NW, Rohrbeck CA. Anxiety and fear: Testing distinctions with theoretically-informed vignettes. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Megías-Robles A, Gómez-Leal R, Gutiérrez-Cobo MJ, Cabello R, Fernández-Berrocal P. The Role of Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment in Aggression. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP12014-NP12039. [PMID: 33459131 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520986275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of the risk and protective factors in aggression is of fundamental importance for our society. The aim of this research was to clarify the role of sensitivity to reward/punishment in aggression and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship, particularly given that previous studies in the literature have yielded mixed results. To this end, two studies were conducted. In Study 1 (484 participants; Mage = 39.09; 48.6s women), we explored the relationship between sensitivity to reward and punishment and four components of aggression: physical, verbal, anger, and hostility. In Study 2 (229 participants; Mage = 21.52; 56.77% women), we investigated the moderating role of emotion regulation ability in this relationship. The findings of Studies 1 and 2 supported the existence of a positive relationship between sensitivity to reward and aggression, that is, a high reactivity to reward acted as a risk factor. With respect to sensitivity to punishment, mediation analysis revealed that this variable may act both as a protective factor as well as a risk factor for behavioral aggression. A higher reactivity to punishment had a direct negative effect on physical and verbal aggression, inhibiting aggressive behavior. However, a higher reactivity to punishment also implied a positive indirect effect on physical and verbal aggression through an increase in anger and hostility. Interestingly, Study 2 revealed that these indirect effects were moderated by emotion regulation ability. Our results could help to inform the design of aggression prevention and intervention programs for reducing the impact of this behavior on our society.
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Barrios L, Stamatovich SN, Simons RM, Simons JS. Reinforcement sensitivity and bulimia symptoms: the role of emotion regulation. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1593-1602. [PMID: 34546555 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) provides a theoretical foundation associated with various approach and avoidance behaviors and individual personality differences. Sensitivity to reward and punishment, two neural systems within the RST have been significantly associated with bingeing and purging behaviors. However, inconsistent findings are observed and specific factors mediating these relationships are not well understood. Deficits in emotion regulation may account for these relationships, as both negative urgency and distress tolerance have been independently associated with bulimia behaviors. Thus, this is an area that requires further investigation. METHOD The current study utilized various self-report inventories, including the Eating Disorder Inventory-3rd Edition to measure bulimia symptoms, as well as measures of negative affect, sensitivity to reward and punishment, distress tolerance, and negative urgency. These measures were used to assess whether distress tolerance and negative urgency mediated associations between sensitivity to reward and punishment and bulimia symptoms in a community sample of 394 young adults ranging from the ages of 18 to 25. RESULTS As expected, sensitivity to reward and punishment were significantly associated with decreased distress tolerance. Distress tolerance was also directly associated with greater negative urgency, which was significantly associated with increased bulimia symptoms. Consistent with hypotheses, indirect associations between sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment to bulimia symptoms via distress tolerance and negative urgency were observed, controlling for gender and negative affect. DISCUSSION Results contribute to understanding specific contributions of risk factors within the relationship of sensitivity to reward and punishment and bulimia symptoms, measured by the EDI-3. Novel to existing literature, results indicate that reinforcement sensitivity significantly contributes to emotion regulation deficits. Thus, these findings may have important implications for understanding the development and treatment of bulimia symptoms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, based on descriptive, cross-sectional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Barrios
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | | | - Raluca M Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
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Khoshfetrat A, Scully D, Fassbender C. Effects of behavioral inhibition/activation systems on anger rumination and anger expression through Difficulty in Emotion Regulation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ramer NE, Colder CR. Contextualizing Cannabis Implicit Associations: Consideration of Peers and Personality. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:581-594. [PMID: 36970728 PMCID: PMC10035208 DOI: 10.1177/21676968211021672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implicit cannabis associations (ICAs) inconsistently predict cannabis use (CU), and little is known about their formation. Personality, behavioral approach and inhibition, were tested as predictors of ICAs, which in turn, was expected to predict CU (mediation). Peer context was tested as a moderator. METHOD Data were taken from three annual assessments of a larger longitudinal study. The community sample (314 emerging adults, mean age = 19.13, 54% female, 76% White/non-Hispanic at the first assessment) completed an ICA task and questionnaire assessments of CU, personality, and peer norms. RESULTS ICAs were positively associated with CU at high but not low levels of perceived peer approval/use. Behavioral inhibition was negatively associated ICAs, which in turn, predicted infrequent CU at high levels of peer approval/use (moderated mediation). Behavioral approach was marginally associated with ICAs. CONCLUSIONS Peer context and personality are important for understanding the formation of ICAs and their association with CU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan E. Ramer
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig R. Colder
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA
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Golan M. Eating and Control Styles Axis in Mentalisation-Based Psychotherapy in Eating Disorders: A Randomised Clinical Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:774382. [PMID: 35633810 PMCID: PMC9135976 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.774382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinicians need an instrument that helps their patients with eating disorders (ED) to explore their agent's inner intentions and confront negative behaviour and control styles. Objectives To assess the feasibility and impact of an eating and control styles axis (ECOSA) during the first 8 months of mentalisation-based psychotherapy with a community-based sample of ED patients. Methods Six experienced therapists and their consecutively admitted patients were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. A total of 94 women, M age = 24 were recruited between June 2020 and October 2021. Ninety completed it. Both groups received mentalisation-based psychotherapy, but only the intervention group used the ECOSA repeatedly. Therapists and participants were blinded to the study aims and hypothesis. Fidelity assessment was applied to ensure that the two groups differed mainly in terms of ECOSA usage. Results The use of ECOSA, although less than advised, was reported as feasible. The effect size of the improvement in reflective functioning was larger than that of the control group and correlated significantly only in the intervention group with EDE-Q score (r = 0.46; p = 0.001). Conclusion Although the study limitations: selective population, relatively small sample size and the lack of controlled confounder, the combined quantitative and qualitative results lend preliminary evidence for the validity and contribution of ECOSA as a possible instrument that may upgrade the clinician's toolbox in the treatment of ED. A more rigorous study design is needed to explore the potential usage of ECOSA as a clinical tool to enhance mentalisation among people with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moria Golan
- Department of Nutrition, Tel-Hai Academic College and Private Eating Disorder Centre, Upper Galilee, Israel
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Sensitivity to teachers’ punishment and social affiliation with teachers: unique and interactive effects to callous-unemotional traits among preadolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Katz BA, Yovel I. Reinforcement sensitivity predicts affective psychopathology via emotion regulation: Cross-sectional, longitudinal and quasi-experimental evidence. J Affect Disord 2022; 301:117-129. [PMID: 35031330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The current article presents a model wherein reinforcement sensitivity predicts depression and anxiety via trait preferences for concomitant emotion regulation strategies. In Study 1 (N = 593), BAS sensitivity positively predicted reappraisal and BIS sensitivity negatively predicted it. Reappraisal then negatively predicted depression. BIS sensitivity also predicted rumination, which predicted both depression and anxiety. Study 2a confirmed the model developed in Study 1 with an independent sample (N = 513) and examined the relationships longitudinally. While the cross-sectional relationships were generally maintained, reinforcement sensitivity did not predict reappraisal. In Study 2b, participants (N = 218) were assessed a third time one year later, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. During this stressful time, BAS sensitivity did longitudinally predict reappraisal. These studies highlight the role of emotion regulation in mediating the relationship between reinforcement sensitivity and affective pathology, particularly during times of high stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Katz
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus Campus Jerusalem, 91905, Israel.
| | - Iftah Yovel
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus Campus Jerusalem, 91905, Israel
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Wei D, Zhang H, Broekman BFP, Chong YS, Shek LP, Yap F, Tan KH, Gluckman PD, Meaney MJ, Fortier MV, Qiu A. Cortical Development Mediates Association of Prenatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Reward Sensitivity: A Longitudinal Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:392-401. [PMID: 34146666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal depression during pregnancy has long-term impacts on offspring. This study used neuroimaging and behavioral data from children aged 4 to 6 years and investigated whether prenatal maternal depressive symptoms (pre-MDS) associated with child cortical morphological development and subsequent reward-related behaviors in preschoolers. METHOD Pre-MDS was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 26 weeks of pregnancy. Children (n = 130) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at both 4 and 6 years of age. Child sensitivity to reward and punishment was reported by mothers when children were 6 years of age. Linear mixed-effect models examined pre-MDS associations with child cortical thickness and surface area. Mediation analysis examined whether cortical development mediated associations between pre-MDS and child sensitivity to reward and punishment. RESULTS The 3-way interactions of pre-MDS, age, and sex on cortical thickness and surface area were not statistically significant. We found a significant interaction of pre-MDS with sex on the cortical surface area but not on thickness or their growth from 4 to 6 years, adjusting for ethnicity, socioeconomic status, baseline age, and postnatal MDS as covariates. Higher pre-MDS scores were associated with larger surface areas in the prefrontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and superior parietal lobe (SPL) in boys, whereas the opposite pattern was seen in girls. The SPL surface area mediated the relationship between pre-MDS and sensitivity to reward in girls. CONCLUSION Prenatal maternal depression alters the cortical morphology of pre-schoolers in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongtao Wei
- National University of Singapore, Singapore; Southwest University, China
| | - Han Zhang
- National University of Singapore, Singapore; Shanghai University, China
| | | | - Yap-Seng Chong
- National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | | | - Fabian Yap
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Anqi Qiu
- National University of Singapore, Singapore; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Espinoza Oyarce DA, Burns R, Butterworth P, Cherbuin N. Bridging Classical and Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Research: A Longitudinal Analysis of a Large Population Study. Front Psychol 2022; 12:737117. [PMID: 35069316 PMCID: PMC8771200 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.737117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) proposes that neurobiological systems mediate protective and appetitive behaviours and the functioning of these systems is associated to personality traits. In this manner, the RST is a link between neuroscience, behaviour, and personality. The theory evolved to the present revised version describing three systems: fight-flight-freezing, behavioural approach/activation (BAS), and behavioural inhibition (BIS). However, the most widely available measure of the theory, the BIS/BAS scales, only investigates two systems. Using a large longitudinal community survey, we found that the BIS/BAS scales can be re-structured to investigate the three systems of the theory with a BIS scale, three BAS scales, and a separate fight-flight-freezing system (FFFS) scale. The re-structured scales were age, sex, and longitudinally invariant, and associations with personality and mental health measures followed theoretical expectations and previously published associations. The proposed framework can be used to investigate behavioural choices influencing physical and mental health and bridge historical with contemporary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Espinoza Oyarce
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health & Welbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Richard Burns
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health & Welbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health & Welbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health & Welbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Santens E, Dom G, Dierckx E, Claes L. Reactive and Regulative Temperament in Relation to Clinical Symptomatology and Personality Disorders in Patients with a Substance Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030591. [PMID: 35160046 PMCID: PMC8837055 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperament and personality traits are important factors underlying the vulnerability for both the initiation and continuation of addictive behaviors. We investigated the influence of reactive and regulative temperament and their interaction in relation to clinical symptomatology and personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of 841 inpatients (68.1% males) with a substance use disorder (SUD). To assess reactive temperament we used the Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Scales (BISBAS) and to assess regulative temperament we used the Effortful Control Scale. Clinical symptomatology and personality traits were measured by means of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Assessment of ADP-IV Personality Disorders (ADP-IV). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that both, clinical symptomatology and PDs were related to low levels of effortful control (EC). None of the two-way interactions (BIS × EC, BAS × EC) however were significantly related to psychopathology. Current findings highlight the role of effortful control (EC) in the expression of psychopathology in an adult sample of inpatients with SUD. Therapeutic interventions aiming at strengthening EC can possibly result in better treatment outcomes for both the addiction and the comorbid psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Santens
- Alexian Psychiatric Hospital, 3300 Tienen, Belgium;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Geert Dom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Multiversum Psychiatric Hospital, 2530 Boechout, Belgium
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Alexian Psychiatric Hospital, 3300 Tienen, Belgium;
- Developmental and Life Span Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Childhood adversity affects symptomatology via behavioral inhibition in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Brain 5-HT 2A receptor binding and its neural network related to behavioral inhibition system. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1337-1348. [PMID: 35006540 PMCID: PMC9107428 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tendency to avoid punishment, called behavioral inhibition system, is an essential aspect of motivational behavior. Behavioral inhibition system is related to negative affect, such as anxiety, depression and pain, but its neural basis has not yet been clarified. To clarify the association between individual variations in behavioral inhibition system and brain 5-HT2A receptor availability and specify which brain networks were involved in healthy male subjects, using [18F]altanserin positron emission tomography and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Behavioral inhibition system score negatively correlated with 5-HT2A receptor availability in anterior cingulate cortex. A statistical model indicated that the behavioral inhibition system score was associated with 5-HT2A receptor availability, which was mediated by the functional connectivity between anterior cingulate cortex and left middle frontal gyrus, both of which involved in the cognitive control of negative information processing. Individuals with high behavioral inhibition system displays low 5-HT2A receptor availability in anterior cingulate cortex and this cognitive control network links with prefrontal-cingulate integrity. These findings have implications for underlying the serotonergic basis of physiologies in aversion.
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Weydmann G, Souzedo FB, Tavares P, Corrêa L, Heidrich H, Holland H, Bizarro L. Parsing the link between reinforcement sensitivity theory and eating behavior: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104525. [PMID: 34998836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) is a widely studied psychobiological model of personality. RST factors seem to influence eating behavior, but how these personality traits are associated with distinct features of eating behavior is still unclear. In the present systematic review, we analyzed the relationship between RST personality factors and eating behavior using a parsing approach in which BMI-related results, self-reported results, and behavioral results were distinguished. Our analysis revealed that reward and punishment sensitivity seem to correlate and influence distinct features of eating behavior. The association between BMI and RST factors was uncertain, but nonlinear associations between reward sensitivity and weight need further testing. Reward sensitivity was linked to most eating behavior phenotypes (e.g., emotional eating and restrained eating), but only punishment sensitivity was primarily correlated with eating pathology. Reward sensitivity was the main factor linked with reactivity to food stimuli on many behavioral measures. The neurobiological personality factors of RST offer parsimonious concepts to understand eating behavior outcomes and the differential relationships observed are useful to translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibson Weydmann
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Bellesia Souzedo
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrice Tavares
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heiner Heidrich
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heitor Holland
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Avenida Unisinos 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Woody ML, Ladouceur CD, Borrero E, Wang YS, Silk JS. Avoidance Bias to Angry Faces Predicts the Development of Depressive Symptoms among Adolescent Girls. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:1657-1669. [PMID: 35870037 PMCID: PMC9308032 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal-motivational models posit that heightened avoidance of aversive social stimuli and diminished approach of appetitive social stimuli increases social withdrawal and reduces positive social interactions, thereby increasing risk for future social anxiety and depression. The current study examined if approach-avoidance biases toward angry and happy faces, measured during the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT), would be associated with the development of adolescent depressive and social anxiety symptoms. At baseline, participants included 129 never-depressed adolescent girls (ages 11-13), two-thirds of whom were at high-risk for internalizing problems due to shy/fearful temperament. Girls reported their depressive and social anxiety symptoms every 6 months for 24 months and completed the AAT at baseline and 24-mo follow-up. Heightened avoidance bias toward angry faces at baseline predicted increases in depressive symptoms across the follow-up, even after accounting for temperament and pubertal status. In contrast, girls with greater depression and social anxiety symptoms at 24-mo follow-up exhibited less avoidance bias for angry faces at the same time point. Findings suggest that avoidance behaviors (i.e., avoiding people or settings associated with angry faces, which are often perceived as hostile, critical, or rejecting) may be a risk factor for depression, above and beyond risk imparted by temperament or advances in puberty. However, with increasing internalizing symptoms, it may become more difficult for adolescents to maintain avoidance for aversive social stimuli, and without the introduction of more adaptive emotion regulation strategies, these biases may continue to increase and maintain risk for internalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Woody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Elisa Borrero
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Yuqi S Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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50
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Petranker R, Anderson T, Maier LJ, Barratt MJ, Ferris JA, Winstock AR. Microdosing psychedelics: Subjective benefits and challenges, substance testing behavior, and the relevance of intention. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:85-96. [PMID: 33591231 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120953994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microdosing psychedelics is the practice of taking small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Despite its surging popularity, little is known about the specific intentions to start microdosing and the effects of this practice. AIMS First, we aimed to replicate previous findings regarding the subjective benefits and challenges reported for microdosing. Second, we assessed whether people who microdose test their substances before consumption. Third, we examined whether having an approach-intention to microdosing was predictive of more reported benefits. METHODS The Global Drug Survey runs the world's largest online drug survey. Participants who reported last year use of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin in the Global Drug Survey 2019 were offered the opportunity to answer a sub-section on microdosing. RESULTS Data from 6753 people who reported microdosing at least once in the last 12 months were used for analyses. Our results suggest a partial replication of previously reported benefits and challenges among the present sample often reporting enhanced mood, creativity, focus and sociability. Counter to our prediction, the most common challenge participants associated with microdosing was 'None'. As predicted, most participants reported not testing their substances. Counter to our hypothesis, approach-intention - microdosing to approach a desired goal - predicted less rather than more benefits. We discuss alternate frameworks that may better capture the reasons people microdose. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the perceived benefits associated with microdosing greatly outweigh the challenges. Microdosing may have utility for a variety of uses while having minimal side effects. Double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments are required to substantiate these reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Petranker
- Clinical Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.,Psychedelic Studies Research Program, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Thomas Anderson
- Psychedelic Studies Research Program, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Larissa J Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America.,Early Postdoc Mobility Grantee (P2ZHP1_17812), Swiss National Science Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monica J Barratt
- Social and Global Studies Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason A Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adam R Winstock
- University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.,Global Drug Survey Ltd, London, United Kingdom
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