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Fang X, Wang X, Zheng W, Han J, Ge X. Efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture in patients with postpartum depression: a meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1393531. [PMID: 39056020 PMCID: PMC11270539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1393531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD). Methods We systematically retrieved relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, EMBASE, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese Biological Medical Database, and the Wanfang database from their inception to November 2023. The outcomes measured were the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores, adverse events (AEs), and the total response rate. The study aimed to estimate heterogeneity, publication bias, mean difference (MD), and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results This study included 12 RCTs with a total of 1364 participants (571 in the treatment group and 793 in the control group) for analysis. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that EA did not significantly reduce HAMD (MD = 1.49, 95% CI = [-0.30, 3.27], P = 0.1, I2 = 0%) and EPDS (MD = 1.12, 95% CI = [-1.62, 3.85], P = 0.42, I2 = 32%) scores compared to sham EA among patients with PPD, resulting in low heterogeneity. In terms of the total response rate, the EA group exhibited superior results compared to the placebo group (RR = 1.77, 95% CI = [1.15, 2.74], P = 0.01, I2 = 0%) and the sham EA group (RR = 1.2, 95% CI = [1.02, 4.4], P = 0.02, I2 = 0%), with statistical significance and low heterogeneity. The incidence of AEs was lower, also with low heterogeneity (RR = 0.9, 95% CI = [0.57, 1.43], P = 0.66, I2 = 12%). Conclusion The current evidence indicates that the effectiveness and safety of EA in the treatment of PPD warrant affirmation. However, EA does not demonstrate superiority over sham EA in reducing HAMD and EPDS scores in patients with PPD. Due to the limited quantity and quality of curent research, the above conclusion should be further validated through high-quality studies to confirm the efectiveness of EA in PPD management. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=318917, identifier CRD42023318917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaobin Ge
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Martínez-Borba V, Suso-Ribera C, Osma J. Current state and practical recommendations on reproductive mental health: a narrative review. Women Health 2024; 64:451-470. [PMID: 38812266 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2024.2360419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Emotional disorders (EDs) are highly prevalent during the reproductive period, including pregnancy, postpartum, and women undergoing fertility treatments. International guidelines are increasingly suggesting the need to evaluate, prevent, and treat EDs in those women. The main aim of this narrative review is to summarize current practice in the field of EDs management during fertility treatments, pregnancy, and the postpartum and to propose a new technology-based model of care that helps to provide psychological care to all women who are in these periods. Four different databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science) were consulted. Selected keywords were related with infertility, pregnancy, postpartum, EDs, assessment, prevention, treatment, and technologies. We identified 1603 studies and 43 were included in this review. According to these studies, different face-to-face protocols already exist to manage EDs in women undergoing fertility treatments, pregnant or at the postpartum. We noticed an increased interest in developing technology-based solutions to overcome the limitations of traditional mental healthcare services. However, we also detected some issues in the use of technologies (i.e. increased attention to the postpartum or the lack of transdiagnostic approaches). Our results evidenced that there is still a need to develop modern, well-designed, and conceptually-relevant ICT-based programs to be used in women undergoing fertility treatments, pregnant or at the postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Martínez-Borba
- Departament of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Suso-Ribera
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - J Osma
- Departament of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Gennaro S, Melnyk BM, Szalacha LA, Gibeau AM, Hoying J, O'Connor CM, Cooper AR, Aviles MM. Effects of Two Group Prenatal Care Interventions on Mental Health: An RCT. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:797-808. [PMID: 38323949 PMCID: PMC11197933 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perinatal depression and anxiety cost the U.S. health system $102 million annually and result in adverse health outcomes. Research supports that cognitive behavioral therapy improves these conditions, but barriers to obtaining cognitive behavioral therapy have prevented its success in pregnant individuals. In this study, the impact of a cognitive behavioral therapy-based intervention on anxiety, depression, stress, healthy lifestyle beliefs, and behaviors in pregnant people was examined. STUDY DESIGN This study used a 2-arm RCT design, embedded in group prenatal care, with one arm receiving a cognitive behavioral therapy-based Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment program and the other receiving health promotion content. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Black and Hispanic participants (n=299) receiving prenatal care from 2018 to 2022 in New York and Ohio who screened high on 1 of 3 mental health measures were eligible to participate. INTERVENTION Participants were randomized into the manualized Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment cognitive behavioral therapy-based program, with cognitive behavioral skill-building activities delivered by advanced practice nurses in the obstetrical setting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes included anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms using valid and reliable tools (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale). The Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs and Behaviors Scales examined beliefs about maintaining a healthy lifestyle and reported healthy behaviors. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between groups in anxiety, depression, stress, healthy beliefs, and behaviors. There were significant improvements in all measures over time. There were statistically significant decreases in anxiety, depression, and stress from baseline to intervention end, whereas healthy beliefs and behaviors significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Both cognitive behavioral therapy and health promotion content embedded in group prenatal care with advanced practice nurse delivery improved mental health and healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors at a time when perinatal mood generally worsens. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov NCT03416010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Gennaro
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | | | - Laura A Szalacha
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | - Caitlin M O'Connor
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.
| | - Andrea R Cooper
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Wang J, Liu H, Wei X. Effect of intraoperative and/or postoperative esketamine administration on preventing postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115890. [PMID: 38579458 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of intraoperative and/or postoperative esketamine application on the prevention of postpartum depression (PPD). PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the application of esketamine for postnatal depression prevention. Nine RCTs including 1277 participants were involved in the final analysis. It was found that intraoperative and/or postoperative administration of esketamine significantly reduced the PPD incidence and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scores in the early postoperative period. Meanwhile, esketamine lowered the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting with no influence on other psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital-Tianfu, Sichuan University, Meishan 620500, China
| | - Xinchuan Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital-Tianfu, Sichuan University, Meishan 620500, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial Children's Hospital, Meishan 620500, China.
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5
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Arifin SRM, Kamaruddin A, Muhammad NA, Nurumal MS, Mohadis HM, Hussain NHN, Wardaningsih S. An evaluation of digital intervention for perinatal depression and anxiety: A systematic review. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:499-525. [PMID: 39027400 PMCID: PMC11252571 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital intervention has been shown to be helpful in improving perinatal mental health. However, the design characteristics of such interventions have not been systematically reviewed. Considering that a lack of support-especially from a partner-is one of the major contributing factors to perinatal depression and anxiety, it is crucial to determine whether digital interventions have included partner participation. In this review, we systematically examined the design characteristics of digital interventions related to perinatal depression and anxiety and aimed to determine whether partner participation was incorporated as part of the interventions. Based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, five databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Scopus) were searched. Narrative results of design characteristics were developed to provide a framework for the design and evaluation of the studies. A total of 12 intervention studies from China, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Norway, and the United Kingdom were included. Across all studies, internet cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness therapy were overwhelmingly utilized as the major intervention approaches. While all studies reported reduced depressive symptoms after the intervention, only four studies reported subsequent decreased levels of both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Only one study included partner support in the intervention. Cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness therapy, two of the most common intervention approaches, were found to be effective in alleviating perinatal depression and anxiety. Partner participation should be prioritized in designing digital interventions to ensure comprehensive and easily accessible social support for persons in need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hazwani Mohd Mohadis
- Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia
| | | | - Shanti Wardaningsih
- Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Kampus Terpadu UMY, JI. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Surkan PJ, Malik A, Perin J, Atif N, Rowther A, Zaidi A, Rahman A. Anxiety-focused cognitive behavioral therapy delivered by non-specialists to prevent postnatal depression: a randomized, phase 3 trial. Nat Med 2024; 30:675-682. [PMID: 38365951 PMCID: PMC11060845 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety experienced by women during pregnancy is highly prevalent, especially in resource-poor settings and strongly predicts postnatal common mental disorders (CMDs), anxiety and depression. We evaluated the effectiveness of an anxiety-focused early prenatal intervention on preventing postnatal CMDs. This study was a phase 3, two-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted in Pakistan with women who were ≤22 weeks pregnant and had at least mild anxiety without clinical depression. Participants were randomized to the Happy Mother-Healthy Baby program, based on cognitive behavioral therapy, consisting of six one-on-one intervention sessions in pregnancy delivered by non-specialist providers, or to enhanced care alone. The primary outcome was major depression, generalized anxiety disorder or both at 6 weeks after delivery. Overall, 755 women completed postnatal assessments (380 (50.3%), intervention arm; 375 (49.7%) enhanced-care arm). The primary outcomes were met. Examined jointly, we found 81% reduced odds of having either a major depressive episode (MDE) or moderate-to-severe anxiety for women randomized to the intervention (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.28). Overall, 12% of women in the intervention group developed MDE at 6 weeks postpartum, versus 41% in the control group. We found reductions of 81% and 74% in the odds of postnatal MDE (aOR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.13-0.28) and of moderate-to-severe anxiety (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.17-0.40), respectively. The Happy Mother-Healthy Baby program early prenatal intervention focusing on anxiety symptoms reduced postpartum CMDs. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03880032 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Abid Malik
- Human Development Research Foundation, Near Government Rural Health Centre Mandra, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Public Mental Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamie Perin
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Najia Atif
- Human Development Research Foundation, Near Government Rural Health Centre Mandra, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Armaan Rowther
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ahmed Zaidi
- Human Development Research Foundation, Near Government Rural Health Centre Mandra, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Atif Rahman
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Torres-Giménez A, Sureda B, Roca-Lecumberri A, Andrés-Perpiñá S, Solé E, Gelabert E. Efficacy of contextual therapies in perinatal depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:209-223. [PMID: 38043257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are previous meta-analyses on the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy or mindfulness-based therapies in the perinatal period, but no previous review has focused on contextual therapies as a whole. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of contextual therapies on depressive and anxious symptoms in women in the perinatal period. METHODS A systematic search for randomized clinical trials has been carried out in the PUBMED, CINAHL, Psyc-INFO and Cochrane Library search engines. For the quantitative synthesis, the Morris effect size measure has been used. RESULTS A total of 34 RCTs have been found, of which 30 have been used for meta-analysis. The mean effect size of the studies on depression scores was dppc2 = -0.81 (95% CI = -1.12 to -0.50), while it was dppc2 = -1.04 (95% CI = -1.54 to -0.53) in the case of studies on anxiety scores. These effect sizes decreased to medium effect sizes when corrected for publication bias. LIMITATIONS The main limitations are the quality of the included studies, publication bias, and the limited number of studies on contextual therapies other than mindfulness-based therapies. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this systematic review found a large number of efficacy studies on mindfulness-based therapies and a small number of studies on the other contextual therapies. The effect sizes found are consistent with previous meta-analyses in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Torres-Giménez
- Unitat de Salut Mental Perinatal CLINIC-BCN, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bàrbara Sureda
- Unitat de Salut Mental Perinatal CLINIC-BCN, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Roca-Lecumberri
- Unitat de Salut Mental Perinatal CLINIC-BCN, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Andrés-Perpiñá
- Unitat de Salut Mental Perinatal CLINIC-BCN, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Solé
- Unitat de Salut Mental Perinatal CLINIC-BCN, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estel Gelabert
- Departament of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ahsan A, Nadeem A, Habib A, Basaria AAA, Tariq R, Raufi N. Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: a neglected cause. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1273519. [PMID: 38130709 PMCID: PMC10733854 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1273519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth is a significant mental health risk for women globally. However, it remains a neglected cause, particularly in low-income countries like Pakistan. This paper explores the unique challenges faced by women in such settings, including limited access to healthcare and social support, cultural norms, and stigma surrounding mental health. The diagnosis and causes of postpartum PTSD are discussed, along with its effects on both mothers and their infants. The lack of awareness and training among healthcare professionals in recognizing and treating postpartum PTSD is highlighted as a major barrier to adequate care. To address these challenges, the paper proposes a comprehensive approach, including raising public awareness, providing mental health support and resources, and integrating postpartum mental health into medical education. Trauma-focused therapies are recommended for effective treatment. The paper concludes with the need for more research in low-income countries and emphasizes the importance of understanding and supporting women with postpartum PTSD to improve their well-being and maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ashna Habib
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rabeea Tariq
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nahid Raufi
- Department of Medicine, Kabul Medical University, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Jatchavala C, Philip S, Malakar H, Rongmei L, Devraj N, Ransing R. Perinatal mental health in India and Thailand: A call for collaboration. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1373-1375. [PMID: 37305025 PMCID: PMC10248875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chonnakarn Jatchavala
- DST-India-International Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Addiction Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | - Sharad Philip
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Addiction Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Himangshu Malakar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Lungan Rongmei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Nilesh Devraj
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Ramdas Ransing
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Addiction Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
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Massoudi P, Strömwall LA, Åhlen J, Kärrman Fredriksson M, Dencker A, Andersson E. Women's experiences of psychological treatment and psychosocial interventions for postpartum depression: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:604. [PMID: 37964250 PMCID: PMC10647124 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide a comprehensive, systematic evaluation of the literature on experiences of psychological interventions for postpartum depression (PPD) in women. Depression is one of the most common postpartum mental disorders. Studies have identified that psychological interventions reduce depressive symptoms. However, less is known about the experiences of women who have received such treatments. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching five databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO), in August 2022. Studies with qualitative methodology examining women's experiences of professional treatment for PPD were included and checked for methodological quality. Eight studies (total N = 255) contributed to the findings, which were synthesized using thematic synthesis. Confidence in the synthesized evidence was assessed with GRADE CERQual. FINDINGS The women had received cognitive behavioral therapy (5 studies) or supportive home visits (3 studies). Treatments were individual or group-based. Two main themes were identified: Circumstances and expectations, and Experiences of treatment, with six descriptive themes. Establishing a good relationship to their health professional was important for the women, regardless of treatment model. They also expressed that they wanted to be able to choose the type and format of treatment. The women were satisfied with the support and treatment received and expressed that their emotional well-being had been improved as well as the relationship to their infant. CONCLUSION The findings can be helpful to develop and tailor patient-centered care for women who are experiencing postnatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Massoudi
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden.
| | - Leif A Strömwall
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Åhlen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Kärrman Fredriksson
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Dencker
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ewa Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sanz JH, Cox S, Donofrio MT, Ishibashi N, McQuillen P, Peyvandi S, Schlatterer S. [Formula: see text] Trajectories of neurodevelopment and opportunities for intervention across the lifespan in congenital heart disease. Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:1128-1154. [PMID: 36752083 PMCID: PMC10406974 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2173162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental challenges across the lifespan. These are associated with neurological changes and potential acquired brain injury, which occur across a developmental trajectory and which are influenced by an array of medical, sociodemographic, environmental, and personal factors. These alterations to brain development lead to an array of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, which impact a characteristic set of skills over the course of development. The current paper reviews existing knowledge of aberrant brain development and brain injury alongside associated neurodevelopmental challenges across the lifespan. These provide a framework for discussion of emerging and potential interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes at each developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline H Sanz
- Division of Neuropsychology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Pediatrics at The George Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Stephany Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mary T Donofrio
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C
- Department of Pediatrics at The George Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Pediatrics at The George Washington University School of Medicine
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington D.C
| | - Patrick McQuillen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shabnam Peyvandi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah Schlatterer
- Department of Pediatrics at The George Washington University School of Medicine
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
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Mepham J, Nelles-McGee T, Andrews K, Gonzalez A. Exploring the effect of prenatal maternal stress on the microbiomes of mothers and infants: A systematic review. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22424. [PMID: 37860905 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS)-characterized by exposure to stress, anxiety, depression, or intimate partner violence-has been linked to biological alterations in infants, including disruptions to their intestinal microbiota, which have long-term implications for children's developmental outcomes. Significant research has been done examining the effects of PNMS on the microbiome in animals, but less is known about these effects in human research. The current systematic review aimed to synthesize current findings on the association between PNMS and mother and infant microbiomes. Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Eric databases were searched through to February 2022. A total of eight studies (n = 2219 infants, 2202 mothers) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Findings provided promising evidence of the role that PNMS plays in altering the microbial composition, diversity, and gut immunity in mothers and infants. Notably, majority of included studies found that higher PNMS was linked to increases in genera from the phylum Proteobacteria. The factors influencing these effects are explored including nutrition, birth mode, and parenting behaviors. Potential interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of PNMS are discussed, along with recommendations for future studies with longitudinal designs to better understand the appropriate type and timing of interventions needed to promote "healthy" maternal and infant microbial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mepham
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Nelles-McGee
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krysta Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Singla DR, Savel KA, Magidson JF, Vigod SN, Dennis CL. The Role of Peer Providers to Scale Up Psychological Treatments for Perinatal Populations Worldwide. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:735-740. [PMID: 37819490 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Psychological treatments remain largely inaccessible to perinatal populations despite their robust effectiveness. This gap is partly due to the limited number of available treatment providers. In this review, we critically evaluate recent literature on task-sharing to peer providers and propose future directions. RECENT FINDINGS There is a growing evidence base demonstrating that peer providers can effectively deliver psychological treatments for perinatal populations, as well as engage in processes critical to quality assurance, such as measurement-based peer supervision. Findings have also highlighted some benefits of peers over licensed healthcare providers, such as enhanced collaborative relationships, reduced stigma, provision of social comparisons, and increased accessibility. Peer providers may be one solution to improve access to psychological treatments for perinatal populations. However, there is a need to address clinical, professional, and health-system level barriers to effectively leverage this cadre of treatment providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy R Singla
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Katarina A Savel
- Department of Psychiatry, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jessica F Magidson
- Center for Substance Use, Addiction & Health Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Department of Psychiatry, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lawerence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Fletcher R, Regan C, May C, White S, St George J. Equipping fathers to support distressed mothers: What do mothers want fathers to know and do? Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:683-690. [PMID: 37327354 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Up to one in five new mothers experience depression or anxiety, and their partners are often the first line of social and practical support. However, many fathers are unprepared for their role as support person. The SMS4dads program (www.sms4dads.com) provides text-based support to new fathers but lacks specific messages addressing maternal mental distress. METHODS A mixed methods process engaged mothers with lived experience of perinatal mental distress to identify message content for co-designing texts in SMS4dads. Participants completed surveys derived from research literature and parenting websites using the theoretical framework of support domains: emotional or affectionate support, informational support, tangible support and positive social interaction. Mothers also indicated the most appropriate timing of support: at the point of identifying the distress (emerging), with ongoing symptoms (persistent) or during recovery (easing). Free text comments from mothers were linked to survey topics to provide examples of wording suitable for text messages to fathers. RESULTS Fifty-five mothers with lived experience completed the surveys. All support items were more often endorsed as helpful rather than not helpful by mothers. Emotional support was thought helpful in the early stages, tangible support was valued with ongoing symptoms and social interaction appreciated as symptoms eased. CONCLUSIONS Mothers experiencing perinatal depression and anxiety require a range of supportive actions by their partners, including household tasks and baby-care, encouragement, listening and managing relationships with family and friends. SO WHAT?: Information provided by distressed mothers can provide guidance to professionals when designing information for fathers/partners. Digital delivery of this co-designed information to fathers across urban and rural areas may enhance the competence of fathers working to support mothers experiencing mental distress in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fletcher
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Casey Regan
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris May
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott White
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer St George
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Li B, Zhan C. Distributed Diagnoses Based on Constructing a Private Chain via a Public Network. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1305. [PMID: 37761604 PMCID: PMC10530034 DOI: 10.3390/e25091305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Secure online consultations can provide convenient medical services to patients who require experts from different regions. Moreover, this process can save time, which is critical in emergency cases, and cut medical costs. However, medical services need a high level of privacy protection that advances the difficulty of a construction method. It is a good idea to construct a virtual private chain through public networks by means of cryptology and identity verification. For this purpose, novel protocols are proposed to finish the package layout, secure transmission, and authorization. By mining the special characteristics of this application, two different kinds of encryption channels were designed to support the proposed protocol to ensure the secure transmission of data. And Hash values and multiple checking were employed in the transmission package to find the incompleteness of data related to network errors or attacks. Besides the secure communication of medical information, the Extended Chinese Remainder Theorem was utilized to finish the approval during a change in committee in emergency situations. Finally, example case was used to verify the effectiveness of the total methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- School of Economics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Choujun Zhan
- School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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16
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Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, Ferro MA, Van Lieshout RJ. Online peer-delivered group cognitive-behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023. [PMID: 37649448 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to one in five mothers and birthing parents, yet just 10% receive evidence-based care. This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine if a synchronous online 9-week group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention delivered by mothers who have recovered from postpartum depression (i.e., peers) could effectively improve PPD and its comorbidities. METHODS Participants (n = 183) in this study lived in Ontario, Canada, were ≥18 years-old, had an infant <12 months, were fluent in English, and scored ≥10 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). They were randomized to experimental (received intervention plus treatment as usual (TAU)) or waitlist control (TAU plus the intervention after a 9-week wait) groups. Depression, anxiety, social support, mother-infant bonding, and infant temperament were assessed at baseline and 9 weeks later. Outcomes were assessed in the experimental group 3 months post-intervention to assess stability. RESULTS Statistically significant reductions were observed in EPDS (B = 5.99; p < 0.001; d = 1.32) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7 scores (B = 5.94; p < 0.001; d = 1.22), improvements that remained stable 3 months post-intervention in the experimental group. Maternal social support (p = 0.02; d = 0.40), infant-focused anxiety (p = 0.02; d = 0.54), and infant negative emotionality (p < 0.01; d = 0.23) also improved post-intervention and remained stable 3 months later. CONCLUSION Online peer-delivered group CBT for PPD can effectively treat PPD and anxiety, and improve social support, infant-focused anxiety, and negative emotionality in infants. This intervention could provide the means to increase access to treatment for those experiencing PPD and improve outcomes for mothers, birthing parents, and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Merza
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bahar Amani
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calan Savoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoryana Babiy
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J Bieling
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L Streiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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17
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O'Connor EA, Henninger ML, Perdue LA, Coppola EL, Thomas RG, Gaynes BN. Anxiety Screening: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2023; 329:2171-2184. [PMID: 37338868 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.6369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Importance Anxiety is commonly seen in primary care and associated with substantial burden. Objective To review the benefits and harms of screening and treatment for anxiety and the accuracy of instruments to detect anxiety among primary care patients. Data Sources MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Cochrane library through September 7, 2022; references of existing reviews; ongoing surveillance for relevant literature through November 25, 2022. Study Selection English-language original studies and systematic reviews of screening or treatment compared with control conditions and test accuracy studies of a priori-selected screening instruments were included. Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion. Two investigators independently rated study quality. Data Extraction and Synthesis One investigator abstracted data; a second checked accuracy. Meta-analysis results were included from existing systematic reviews where available; meta-analyses were conducted on original research when evidence was sufficient. Main Outcomes and Measures Anxiety and depression outcomes; global quality of life and functioning; sensitivity and specificity of screening tools. Results Of the 59 publications included, 40 were original studies (N = 275 489) and 19 were systematic reviews (including ≈483 studies [N≈81 507]). Two screening studies found no benefit for screening for anxiety. Among test accuracy studies, only the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) GAD-2 and GAD-7 screening instruments were evaluated by more than 1 study. Both screening instruments had adequate accuracy for detecting generalized anxiety disorder (eg, across 3 studies the GAD-7 at a cutoff of 10 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69 to 0.94] and specificity of 0.89 [95% CI, 0.83 to 0.94]). Evidence was limited for other instruments and other anxiety disorders. A large body of evidence supported the benefit of treatment for anxiety. For example, psychological interventions were associated with a small pooled standardized mean difference of -0.41 in anxiety symptom severity in primary care patients with anxiety (95% CI, -0.58 to -0.23]; 10 RCTs [n = 2075]; I2 = 40.2%); larger effects were found in general adult populations. Conclusions and Relevance Evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions about the benefits or harms of anxiety screening programs. However, clear evidence exists that treatment for anxiety is beneficial, and more limited evidence indicates that some anxiety screening instruments have acceptable accuracy to detect generalized anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A O'Connor
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michelle L Henninger
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Leslie A Perdue
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Erin L Coppola
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rachel G Thomas
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Bradley N Gaynes
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
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18
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Valverde N, Mollejo E, Legarra L, Gómez-Gutiérrez M. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review. Matern Child Health J 2023:10.1007/s10995-023-03655-y. [PMID: 37029894 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postpartum depression estimated prevalence in women is between 5 and 26% and it has adverse effects both on the mother, infant and her partner. Psychological treatments have proved to be effective for women with mild-to-moderate symptoms. Whereas several systematic reviews have assessed the effects of different psychological interventions for postpartum depression, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy or interpersonal therapy, no review assessing psychodynamic therapy has been carried out. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of psychodynamic therapy for postpartum depression. METHODS Studies were identified using the following databases: PsycINFO, Psycarticles and Pubmed over January 2023. The requirements for the studies were the following: they had to be quantitative, available in English, including a psychodynamic intervention targeting treatment or prevention of postpartum depression which starts during pregnancy or within the first 12 months after giving birth. Case studies, qualitative studies or studies focused on improving parent-infant relationship or infant outcome were excluded from this research. RESULTS Seven trials including 521 women met the inclusion criteria. In summary, three randomized controlled trials and four longitudinal studies were found. The most frequently used assessment tool was EPDS, five were individual interventions and the other two were group interventions. DISCUSSION All studies reported the efficacy of psychodynamic interventions for postpartum depression, both in home and clinical settings and both in group and individual format. The limited number of trials, small sample sizes and lack of appropriate control groups were the main limitations. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Psychodynamic therapy is probably efficient intervention for postpartum depression. Future research with strong methodological designs is needed to confirm these findings. SIGNIFICANCE What is already known on this subject? Several systematic reviews have assessed the effects of different psychological interventions for postpartum depression, but no review assessing psychodynamic therapy has been carried out. What this study adds? A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of psychodynamic therapy for postpartumdepression. This makes the systematic review a unique contribution to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Valverde
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Assessment, Personality and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus of Somosaguas s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - E Mollejo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Southeast University Hospital of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Legarra
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Assessment, Personality and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus of Somosaguas s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Assessment, Personality and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus of Somosaguas s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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19
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Pettman D, O'Mahen H, Blomberg O, Svanberg AS, von Essen L, Woodford J. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy-based interventions for maternal perinatal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:208. [PMID: 36991389 PMCID: PMC10052839 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression during the perinatal period (during pregnancy and the year after childbirth) is common and associated with a range of negative effects for mothers, infants, family members, and wider society. Although existing evidence suggests cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based interventions are effective for perinatal depression, less is known about the effect of CBT-based interventions on important secondary outcomes, and a number of potential clinical and methodological moderators have not been examined. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis primarily examined the effectiveness of CBT-based interventions for perinatal depression on symptoms of depression. Secondary aims examined the effectiveness of CBT-based interventions for perinatal depression on symptoms of anxiety, stress, parenting, perceived social support, and perceived parental competence; and explored clinical and methodological moderators potentially associated with effectiveness. A systematic search of electronic databases and other sources was performed up to November 2021. We included randomized controlled trials comparing CBT-based interventions for perinatal depression with control conditions allowing for the isolation of the effects of CBT. RESULTS In total, 31 studies (5291 participants) were included in the systematic review and 26 studies (4658 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The overall effect size was medium (hedges g = - 0.53 [95% CI - 0.65 to - 0.40]); with high heterogeneity. Significant effects were also found for anxiety, individual stress, and perceived social support, however few studies examined secondary outcomes. Subgroup analysis identified type of control, type of CBT, and type of health professional as significant moderators of the main effect (symptoms of depression). Some concerns of risk of bias were present in the majority of studies and one study had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS CBT-based interventions for depression during the perinatal period appear effective, however results should be interpreted with caution given high levels of heterogeneity and low quality of included studies. There is a need to further investigate possibly important clinical moderators of effect, including the type of health professional delivering interventions. Further, results indicate a need to establish a minimum core data set to improve the consistency of secondary outcome collection across trials and to design and conduct trials with longer-term follow-up periods. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42020152254 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelle Pettman
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heather O'Mahen
- Mood Disorders Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Oscar Blomberg
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Skoog Svanberg
- Reproductive Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise von Essen
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joanne Woodford
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Waqas A, Zafar SW, Akhtar P, Naveed S, Rahman A. Optimizing cognitive and behavioral approaches for perinatal depression: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e22. [PMID: 37854411 PMCID: PMC10579678 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) have been demonstrated efficacious in treating perinatal depression (PND). This has been demonstrated in several meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. However, there is a need for up-to-date meta-analytical evidence providing reliable estimates for CBT's effectiveness in treating and preventing PND. Furthermore, with the world moving toward precision medicine, approaches require a critical synthesis of psychotherapies, especially to unpack their mechanisms of action and to understand what approaches work best for whom. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-regression analyses aim to answer these research questions. We searched six academic databases through February 2022 and identified 56 studies for an in-depth review. Using pretested data extraction sheets, we extracted patient-level and intervention-level characteristics and effect size data from each study. Random-effects meta-analyses and mixed-effect subgroup analyses were run to delineate the effectiveness and moderators of CBT interventions for PND, respectively. CBT-based interventions yielded a strong effect size (SMD = -0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.91 to -0.56, n = 9,722) in alleviating depressive symptoms. These interventions were effective across different delivery formats (individual, group, and electronic) and could be delivered effectively by specialists and nonspecialists. Longer duration CBT interventions may not necessarily be more effective than shorter ones. Moreover, CBT-based interventions should consider including various behavioral ingredients to maximize intervention benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Waqas
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Syeda Wajeeha Zafar
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- Department of Psychology, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- Department of Psychiatry, Eastern Connecticut Health Network, Manchester, CT, USA
| | - Atif Rahman
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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21
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Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, Ferro MA, Haber-Evans E. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-11. [PMID: 36878891 PMCID: PMC10600825 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to one in five mothers and birthing parents, yet as few as 10% access evidence-based treatment. One-day cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based workshops for PPD have the potential to reach large numbers of sufferers and be integrated into stepped models of care. METHODS This randomized controlled trial of 461 mothers and birthing parents in Ontario, Canada with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores ⩾10, age ⩾18 years, and an infant <12 months of age compared the effects of a 1-day CBT-based workshop plus treatment as usual (TAU; i.e. care from any provider(s) they wished) to TAU alone at 12-weeks post-intervention on PPD, anxiety, the mother-infant relationship, offspring behavior, health-related quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Data were collected via REDCap. RESULTS Workshops led to meaningful reductions in EPDS scores (m = 15.77 to 11.22; b = -4.6, p < 0.01) and were associated with three times higher odds of a clinically significant decrease in PPD [odds ratio (OR) 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93-4.67]. Anxiety also decreased and participants had three times the odds of clinically significant improvement (OR 3.20, 95% CI 2.03-5.04). Participants reported improvements in mother-infant bonding, infant-focused rejection and anger, and effortful control in their toddlers. The workshop plus TAU achieved similar quality-adjusted life-years at lower costs than TAU alone. CONCLUSIONS One-day CBT-based workshops for PPD can lead to improvements in depression, anxiety, and the mother-infant relationship and are cost-saving. This intervention could represent a perinatal-specific option that can treat larger numbers of individuals and be integrated into stepped care approaches at reasonable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haley Layton
- Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calan D. Savoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - June S. L. Brown
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Huh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J. Bieling
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L. Streiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A. Ferro
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika Haber-Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Shariatpanahi M, Faramarzi M, Barat S, Farghadani A, Shirafkan H. Acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of internet-based emotion-focused cognitive behavior therapy with husband participation for Iranian pregnant women with anxiety disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/2692398x.2023.2174773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Shariatpanahi
- Psychology, Department of Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Faramarzi
- Psychology, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Barat
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility and Health Reproductive Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Azadeh Farghadani
- Department of Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
| | - Hoda Shirafkan
- Biostatistics, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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23
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Iyer P, Wiles K, Ismail A, Nanda S, Murray K, Hughes S, Ford HL, Pearson OR, White S, Bonham N, Hoyle N, Witts J, Middleton R, Brex PA, Rog D, Dobson R. Developing evidence-based guidelines for the safety of symptomatic drugs in multiple sclerosis during pregnancy and breastfeeding: A systematic review and Delphi consensus. Mult Scler 2023; 29:395-406. [PMID: 36740816 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221148094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently diagnosed in people of reproductive age, many of whom will become pregnant following diagnosis. Although many women report an improvement in symptoms and relapses during pregnancy, symptoms such as fatigue and spasticity are commonly reported and can worsen. Prescribing medications during pregnancy and breastfeeding presents unique challenges and guidance on the use of symptomatic therapies is limited. OBJECTIVES This paper aims to provide a consensus on the current evidence base to facilitate informed decision-making and optimise pre-conception counselling. METHODS A list of most commonly prescribed medications for symptom management in MS was created using pregnancy and MS-related READ codes in the Welsh GP Dataset, followed by a review by MS neurologists. RESULTS A final list of 24 medications was generated for review. Searches were performed on each medication, and evidence graded using standardised criteria. Evidence-based recommendations were developed and distributed to experts in the field and revised according to feedback using modified Delphi criteria. CONCLUSIONS Our guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations on the safety of symptomatic therapies during pregnancy and breastfeeding for general practitioners and specialist teams working with people with MS who are hoping to embark on pregnancy or are currently pregnant. Individual risk-benefit ratios should be considered during pre-conception counselling to optimise symptom burden and minimise harm to both parent and child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Iyer
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Kate Wiles
- Department of Women's Health, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Azza Ismail
- Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Sheffield, UK
| | - Surabhi Nanda
- Evelina Women's and Children's Team, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katy Murray
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK / Department of Neurology, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, UK
| | - Stella Hughes
- Department of Neurology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Helen L Ford
- Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK / School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Owen R Pearson
- Department of Neurology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - Sarah White
- Department of Neurology, St. George's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicola Bonham
- Department of Neurology, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, UK
| | - Natasha Hoyle
- Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Sheffield, UK
| | - James Witts
- UK MS Register, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Peter A Brex
- Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Rog
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Ruth Dobson
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK / Department of Neurology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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24
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Sebők-Welker T, Posta E, Ágrez K, Rádosi A, Zubovics EA, Réthelyi MJ, Ulbert I, Pászthy B, Bunford N. The Association Between Prenatal Maternal Stress and Adolescent Affective Outcomes is Mediated by Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescent Behavioral Inhibition System Sensitivity. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01499-9. [PMID: 36738426 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal stress is linked to offspring outcomes; however, there is little research on adolescents, behavioral, transdiagnostic outcomes, or the mechanisms through which relations operate. We examined, in N = 268 adolescents (Mage = 15.31 years; SD = 1.063; 57.8% boys) whether prenatal maternal stress is associated with adolescent affective outcomes; whether this association is mediated, serially, by childhood home atmosphere and adolescent behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity; and whether mediational effects are moderated by adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or maternal internalizing symptomology. Prenatal maternal daily stress and major life events were associated with adolescent outcomes through childhood negative atmosphere/neglect and BIS sensitivity, with no evidence of moderation. Results have implications regarding the effect of prenatal maternal stress on offspring outcomes and regarding corresponding sensitive periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sebők-Welker
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Balassa U. 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - E Posta
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - K Ágrez
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - A Rádosi
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Balassa U. 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - E A Zubovics
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - M J Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa U. 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - I Ulbert
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter Utca 50/A, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - B Pászthy
- 1st Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János U. 53-54, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - N Bunford
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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25
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Li X, Qureshi MNI, Laplante DP, Elgbeili G, Jones SL, King S, Rosa-Neto P. Neural correlates of disaster-related prenatal maternal stress in young adults from Project Ice Storm: Focus on amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1094039. [PMID: 36816508 PMCID: PMC9929467 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1094039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that prenatal maternal stress alters volumes of the amygdala and hippocampus, and alters functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. However, it remains unclear whether prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) affects volumes and functional connectivity of these structures at their subdivision levels. Methods T1-weighted MRI and resting-state functional MRI were obtained from 19-year-old young adult offspring with (n = 39, 18 male) and without (n = 65, 30 male) exposure to PNMS deriving from the 1998 ice storm. Volumes of amygdala nuclei, hippocampal subfields and prefrontal subregions were computed, and seed-to-seed functional connectivity analyses were conducted. Results Compared to controls, young adult offspring exposed to disaster-related PNMS had larger volumes of bilateral whole amygdala, driven by the lateral, basal, central, medial, cortical, accessory basal nuclei, and corticoamygdaloid transition; larger volumes of bilateral whole hippocampus, driven by the CA1, HATA, molecular layer, fissure, tail, CA3, CA4, and DG; and larger volume of the prefrontal cortex, driven by the left superior frontal. Inversely, young adult offspring exposed to disaster-related PNMS had lower functional connectivity between the whole amygdala and the prefrontal cortex (driven by bilateral frontal poles, the left superior frontal and left caudal middle frontal); and lower functional connectivity between the hippocampal tail and the prefrontal cortex (driven by the left lateral orbitofrontal). Conclusion These results suggest the possibility that effects of disaster-related PNMS on structure and function of subdivisions of offspring amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex could persist into young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Mental Health and Society Division, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Muhammad Naveed Iqbal Qureshi
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David P. Laplante
- Centre for Child Development and Mental Health, Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Elgbeili
- Mental Health and Society Division, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sherri Lee Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne King
- Mental Health and Society Division, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Suzanne King,
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC, Canada,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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26
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Bai Y, Abulitifu R, Wang D. Impact of an Early Childhood Development Intervention on the Mental Health of Female Caregivers: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11392. [PMID: 36141665 PMCID: PMC9516973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Investing in early childhood development is an effective way to enhance human capital accumulation. Caregivers' mental health is one of the most important factors influencing children's development. Previous studies have found that mental health issues in caregivers are widespread all over the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we explored the effects of the "Integrated Program for Early Childhood Development" on the mental health of female caregivers in Southwest China through a randomized intervention trial, with infants aged 5-25 months and their caregivers as the target subjects. The heterogeneity of the effects of different characteristics of the caregivers and the mechanism of the intervention effect were also analyzed. Primary caregivers were provided comprehensive early development interventions for the children in the treatment group via bi-weekly home visiting activities and monthly family group activities. The results showed that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among female caregivers in this rural area were 32%, 42%, and 30%, respectively. Whether the child was breastfed, parent's age, parent's education level, primary caregiver type, the ratio of the number of months the mother was at home full time to the child's age, the grandmother's rearing ability, and the family asset index were the factors influencing the mental health of female caregivers. The intervention significantly increased the proportion of depressive symptoms in 28% of the grandmothers. It significantly reduced the anxiety symptoms of daughters-in-law not from the local town, while the social interactions of both local and non-local daughters-in-law were significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- China Institute for Vitalizing Border Areas and Enriching the People, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Reyila Abulitifu
- School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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27
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The Efficacy of Digital Cognitive–Behavioral Interventions in Supporting the Psychological Adjustment and Sleep Quality of Pregnant Women with Sub-Clinical Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159549. [PMID: 35954901 PMCID: PMC9368246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis investigated the overall and differential efficacy of digital cognitive–behavioral therapies (CBTs) vs. third-generation CBTs deployed to pregnant women in reducing sub-clinical depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms while fostering sleep quality and quality of life. A PRISMA-guided systematic search was used, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the above-mentioned interventions. Data were pooled using either the mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD). Sub-group analyses were carried out when appropriate. The primary outcomes were depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, as well as sleep quality and quality of life. The interventions’ acceptability was evaluated through the odds ratio (OR) of drop-out rates. Seven RCTs were included, comprising 1873 pregnant women. The results showed the interventions’ efficacy in terms of reducing depression symptoms (SMD = −0.36, CI = 0.61, −0.11, k = 9) at the endpoint, although it was not maintained at follow-up during the postpartum period. The interventions’ efficacy in terms of reducing anxiety symptoms (SMD = 1.96, CI = −2.72, −1.21, k = 3) at the endpoint was also significant, while having no effect on sleep quality. The interventions were well accepted (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 0.84, 3.35; k = 7). Although no sound conclusions can be drawn concerning the joint or differential efficacy of the considered interventions, this study was useful in highlighting the need to develop evidence-based digital prevention programs for pregnant women with sub-clinical symptoms.
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