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Luk V, Layton H, Savoy C, Huh K, Van Lieshout RJ. Healthcare utilization before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among mothers and birthing parents with elevated levels of postpartum depression symptoms. Women Health 2024; 64:175-184. [PMID: 38258568 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2024.2308516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the healthcare utilization of mothers and birthing parents experiencing elevated levels of symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined how healthcare utilization changed in these individuals during COVID-19. Individuals living in Ontario, Canada, with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Scores ≥ 10 were recruited into two separate randomized controlled trials of a 1-day intervention for PPD before (pre-COVID-19, n = 441) and during the pandemic (COVID-19, n = 287). Participants in both samples completed the same health resource use questionnaire, self-reporting the number of virtual and/or in-person visits to specific healthcare services over the three months preceding their treatment intervention. Use of medications, mental health care, primary care, hospital-based care, allied health care, and overall healthcare utilization were compared between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 groups. While participants had higher levels of PPD symptoms during COVID-19, differences were not seen in the use of specific categories of care (e.g. mental health and primary care). However, before and after statistically adjusting for covariates, overall healthcare utilization decreased from an average of 9.5 visits prior to COVID-19 to 6.9 during COVID-19 (p < .001), a change that was at least partly contributed to by reductions in visits to allied health professionals (e.g. dentists and physiotherapists). Overall healthcare utilization decreased by 27 % in mothers and birthing parents seeking treatment for elevated levels of PPD symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada - despite higher levels of PPD symptoms - highlighting the need to support and address barriers to postpartum care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Luk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | | | - Kathryn Huh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Huh K, Layton H, Savoy CD, Ferro MA, Bieling PJ, Hicks A, Van Lieshout RJ. Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry 2023; 84:22m14726. [PMID: 37498661 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.22m14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Rates of postpartum depression (PPD) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, further highlighting the need for effective, accessible treatments for PPD. While public health nurses (PHNs) can be trained to help treat PPD, it is not known if they can effectively deliver evidence-based psychotherapies online to those with PPD. Methods: Mothers (n = 159) living in Ontario, Canada, with an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥ 10 and an infant < 12 months of age were randomized to receive a 9-week group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention delivered by PHNs over Zoom, between October 2020 and November 2021. Experimental group participants received CBT plus treatment as usual (TAU), and control participants received TAU alone. Participants were assessed at baseline (T1), 9 weeks later (T2), and 6 months after T2 (T3). Primary outcomes were changes in EPDS score and current major depressive disorder (MDD) as measured by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Secondary outcomes included worry, social support, the mother-infant relationship, and infant temperament. Results: At T2, experimental group participants showed clinically and statistically significant reductions on the EPDS (d = 0.65) and decreases in postpartum worry (d = 0.38) and rejection and pathological anger toward their infant (d = 0.44). They were also less likely to meet diagnostic criteria for current MDD compared to control participants (OR = 5.09; 95% CI, 1.18-21.98; number needed to treat [NNT: 3.7]). These improvements remained stable 6 months later (T3). Conclusions: PHNs can be trained to deliver effective online group CBT for PPD to reduce depression and worry and improve aspects of the mother-infant relationship, and they represent an important way to increase access to effective treatment for PPD. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04928742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Huh
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Niagara Regional Campus, McMaster University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding Author: Kathryn Huh, BHSc, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Niagara Regional Campus, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Haley Layton
- Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calan D Savoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J Bieling
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Niagara Region Public Health, Thorold, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, Ferro MA, Haber-Evans E. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-11. [PMID: 36878891 PMCID: PMC10600825 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to one in five mothers and birthing parents, yet as few as 10% access evidence-based treatment. One-day cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based workshops for PPD have the potential to reach large numbers of sufferers and be integrated into stepped models of care. METHODS This randomized controlled trial of 461 mothers and birthing parents in Ontario, Canada with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores ⩾10, age ⩾18 years, and an infant <12 months of age compared the effects of a 1-day CBT-based workshop plus treatment as usual (TAU; i.e. care from any provider(s) they wished) to TAU alone at 12-weeks post-intervention on PPD, anxiety, the mother-infant relationship, offspring behavior, health-related quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Data were collected via REDCap. RESULTS Workshops led to meaningful reductions in EPDS scores (m = 15.77 to 11.22; b = -4.6, p < 0.01) and were associated with three times higher odds of a clinically significant decrease in PPD [odds ratio (OR) 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93-4.67]. Anxiety also decreased and participants had three times the odds of clinically significant improvement (OR 3.20, 95% CI 2.03-5.04). Participants reported improvements in mother-infant bonding, infant-focused rejection and anger, and effortful control in their toddlers. The workshop plus TAU achieved similar quality-adjusted life-years at lower costs than TAU alone. CONCLUSIONS One-day CBT-based workshops for PPD can lead to improvements in depression, anxiety, and the mother-infant relationship and are cost-saving. This intervention could represent a perinatal-specific option that can treat larger numbers of individuals and be integrated into stepped care approaches at reasonable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haley Layton
- Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calan D. Savoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - June S. L. Brown
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Huh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J. Bieling
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L. Streiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A. Ferro
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika Haber-Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Chang O, Huh K, Savoy CD, Krzeczkowski JE, Van Lieshout RJ. Associations between maternal postpartum depression and infant temperament in treatment-seeking mothers prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36700350 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mother-infant relationship and associations between maternal postpartum depression (PPD) and offspring temperament. This study examined the impact of the pandemic on these links and how maternal ratings of the mother-infant relationship mediated associations between PPD and infant temperament in a sample of treatment-seeking mothers in Ontario, Canada before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mothers with infants <12 months of age and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores ≥10 enrolled in two separate randomized controlled trials of 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for PPD conducted before COVID-19 (n = 392) and during the pandemic (n = 403). Mothers reported on depressive symptomatology, infant temperament, and the mother-infant relationship. Maternal PPD was associated with more infant negative affectivity and mother-infant relationship difficulties. While associations between PPD and infant-focused anxiety were stronger during COVID-19, the pandemic did not otherwise affect associations between PPD and infant temperament. Mediation analyses suggested that aspects of the mother-infant relationship mediated associations between PPD and infant negative affectivity. Findings highlight the importance of detecting PPD and intervening to potentially improve outcomes for mothers and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswin Chang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ONL8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kathryn Huh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ONL8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Calan D Savoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ONL8S 4L8, Canada
| | - John E Krzeczkowski
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ONM3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ONL8S 4L8, Canada
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Miyawaki IA, Gomes CP, Moreira VCS, Marques IR, Souza IAF, Silva CHA, Loyola JER, Huh K, Mcdowell M, Padrao EMH. The single-syringe versus the double-syringe techniques of adenosine administration for supraventricular tachycardia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Intravenous double-syringe technique (DST) of adenosine administration consists of an intravenous bolus of adenosine via three-way stopcock followed by an immediate 10-20ml sodium chloride 0.9% flush and is the recommended first-line treatment for stable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). However, an alternative single-syringe technique (SST) method for adenosine administration has been described. This consists of diluting adenosine with sodium chloride 0.9% to a total volume of 15-20ml and was recently found to be potentially beneficial in several studies.
Purpose
We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the SST versus the DST of adenosine administration as treatments for SVT.
Methods
We systematically searched EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies of intervention (NRSIs) comparing the DST to SST adenosine administration in patients with SVT. The risk of bias was assessed by RoB-2 for RCTs and ROBINS-I for NRSIs. Outcomes included termination rate, termination rate at first dose, total administered dose, adverse effects, and discharge rate.
Results
We included four studies (three RCTs and one NRSI) with a total of 180 (60.55% female) patients, of whom 100 (55.55%) underwent the SST of adenosine administration. The three RCTs were considered of some concerns due to no pre-specified analysis in all studies and deviation from the intended intervention in one study. The NRSI was considered to carry a serious risk of bias by no analysis method that controlled for confounding, the possible influence of the outcome measure by knowledge of the intervention received, and no pre-specified analysis. No significant difference was found between treatment groups regarding termination rate (p = 0.22, Fig 1a), termination rate restricted to RCTs (p = 0.49, Fig 1b), total administered dose (p = 0.29, Fig 2a) and discharge rate (p = 0.1, Fig 2b). Termination rate at first dose (OR 2.87; CI 1.11-7.41; p = 0.03; I² = 0%, Fig 1c) was significantly increased in patients who received the SST. Major adverse effects were observed in only one study, with one patient suffering extravasation and phlebitis in the DST group.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis studying SST versus conventional DST for the management of SVT. This study suggests that the SST may be as safe as DST, equally effective for SVT termination, or even potentially more effective with the first dose. The SST would represent a simpler and more rapid approach, obviating the need for syringe switching or three-way stopcock, and reducing the margin of error in adenosine administration. To our knowledge, this is the highest quality evidence to date. Our results demonstrate that the current evidence is sufficient to support both SST and DST. However, favouring one technique over the other is not feasible given the limited sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Miyawaki
- Federal University of Parana , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - C P Gomes
- Federal University Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - V C S Moreira
- Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - I R Marques
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya , Barcelona , Spain
| | - I A F Souza
- Petropolis Medical School , Petropolis , Brazil
| | - C H A Silva
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - J E R Loyola
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - K Huh
- University of Connecticut , Internal Medicine , Storrs , United States of America
| | - M Mcdowell
- University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , United States of America
| | - E M H Padrao
- University of Connecticut , Internal Medicine , Storrs , United States of America
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Ko JH, Lim JU, Choi JY, Oh HS, Yoo H, Jhun BW, Huh K, Peck KR. Early cidofovir administration might be associated with a lower probability of respiratory failure in treating human adenovirus pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:646.e9-646.e14. [PMID: 31648000 PMCID: PMC7129699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective To compare outcomes of early and delayed treatment with cidofovir for human adenovirus (HAdV) pneumonia. Methods A retrospective cohort study in Korean military hospitals was conducted between January 2012 and December 2018. Patients with potentially severe HAdV pneumonia with risk factors for respiratory failure were included and divided into early (within 7 days from symptom onset) and delayed (after 7 days from symptom onset) treatment groups. The primary outcome was respiratory failure development within 21 days after symptom onset. Results A total of 89 patients with potentially severe HAdV pneumonia were enrolled in the cohort; they included 62 early and 27 delayed treatment patients. All patients were males in their early 20s. Significantly fewer patients in the early treatment group progressed to respiratory failure (8/62, 12.9%), compared to the delayed group (18/27, 66.7%, p < 0.001). Early treatment was associated with a lower 21-day probability of respiratory failure by the Kaplan–Meier method (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, monocyte count, hypoxaemia, confusion, whole lung involvement, and early cidofovir treatment within 7 days from symptom onset were included, and monocyte count (HR 0.995, 95%CI 0.991–1.000, p 0.042), confusion (HR 4.964, 95%CI 1.189–20.721, p = 0.028), and early cidofovir treatment (HR 0.319, 95%CI 0.115–0.883, p = 0.028) were significantly associated with respiratory failure. Conclusions Early administration of cidofovir was associated with a lower hazard for respiratory failure development. It is suggested that cidofovir be administered within 7 days from symptom onset to prevent respiratory failure in patients with potentially severe HAdV pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J U Lim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Choi
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Oh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - H Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B W Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K R Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sommer W, O J, Huh K, Robinson K, Dehnadi A, Hanekamp I, Rosales I, Pruner K, Paster J, Smith R, Colvin R, Kawai T, Benichou G, Madsen J, Allan J. Organ-specific Differences in a Thymoglobulin and Belatacept-based Protocol for Tolerance Induction in Non-human Primates. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Kang JW, Seo JH, Youn KW, Seo YI, Huh K, Choi GR, Min HK, Oh DJ, Jo HJ, Kim JN. Use of supplemental anti-HBc testing of donors showing non-discriminating reactive results in multiplex nucleic acid testing. Vox Sang 2017; 112:622-627. [PMID: 28891069 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Korean Red Cross began nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for HIV and HCV in February 2005, and added HBV NAT beginning in June 2012. The current NAT system utilizes a multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of HBV DNA, HCV RNA and HIV-1 RNA. For samples that are reactive in the multiplex assay, we do specific tests for each virus. However, there have been cases of non-discriminated reactive (NDR) results which appear to be the result of non-specific reactions or cross-contamination, although some cases are considered to arise from the presence of low levels of HBV DNA due to occult hepatitis B infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the incidence of NDR results in previous donations of some NAT-reactive donors. Additionally, for those donors with NDR results, we performed an HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) assay. RESULTS From November 2015 to March 2016, there were 408 NAT-reactive donors. Of these, nineteen HBV NAT-reactive donors showed a history of NDR results in the past donations. Seven donors showed NDR results more than once. Of 771 NDR donors, 362 (47·0%) were anti-HBc reactive. CONCLUSION The NDR donors had a substantially higher rate of anti-HBc reactivity than other blood donors indicating that some with anti-HBc reactivity represent donors with occult HBV. Therefore, the incorporation of an anti-HBc testing for NDR donors could improve blood safety testing for the Korean Red Cross.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Kang
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Korean Red Cross, Wonju, Korea
| | - J H Seo
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Korean Red Cross, Wonju, Korea
| | - K W Youn
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Korean Red Cross, Wonju, Korea
| | - Y I Seo
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Korean Red Cross, Wonju, Korea
| | - K Huh
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Korean Red Cross, Wonju, Korea
| | - G R Choi
- Blood Service Headquarter, Korean Red Cross, Wonju, Korea
| | - H K Min
- Blood Service Headquarter, Korean Red Cross, Wonju, Korea
| | - D J Oh
- Blood Service Headquarter, Korean Red Cross, Wonju, Korea
| | - H J Jo
- Division of Human Blood Safety Surveillance, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
| | - J N Kim
- Division of Human Blood Safety Surveillance, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
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Huh K, Sommer W, Robinson K, Wu X, Paster J, Hanekamp I, Dehnadi A, Kawai T, Smith R, Colvin R, Benichou G, Madsen J. Two Months Delayed Induction of Mixed Chimerism After Heart and Kidney Cotransplantation in Nonhuman Primates. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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10
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Huh K, Ha YE, Denning DW, Peck KR. Serious fungal infections in Korea. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:957-963. [PMID: 28161743 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Information on the incidence and prevalence of fungal infections is of critical value in public health policy. However, nationwide epidemiological data on fungal infections are scarce, due to a lack of surveillance and funding. The objective of this study was to estimate the disease burden of fungal infections in the Republic of Korea. An actuarial approach using a deterministic model was used for the estimation. Data on the number of populations at risk and the frequencies of fungal infections in those populations were obtained from national statistics reports and epidemiology papers. Approximately 1 million people were estimated to be affected by fungal infections every year. The burdens of candidemia (4.12 per 100,000), cryptococcal meningitis (0.09 per 100,000), and Pneumocystis pneumonia (0.51 per 100,000) in South Korea were estimated to be comparable to those in other countries. The prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (22.4 per 100,000) was markedly high, probably due to the high burden of tuberculosis in Korea. The low burdens of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (56.9 per 100,000) and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (75.1 per 100,000) warrant further study. Oral candidiasis (539 per 100,000) was estimated to affect a much larger population than noted in previous studies. Our work provides valuable insight on the epidemiology of fungal infections; however, additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Y E Ha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D W Denning
- The National Aspergillosis Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - K R Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chung HW, Yun CM, Kim JT, Kim SW, Oh J, Huh K. Retinal sensitivity assessed by microperimetry and corresponding retinal structure and thickness in resolved central serous chorioretinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:1223-30. [PMID: 25081286 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between retinal sensitivity (RS) assessed by microperimetry (MP) and retinal structural changes in patients with resolved central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination and MP tests were performed in patients with resolved CSC. Point-to-point correlation was performed between RS and corresponding retinal structural changes using Pearson's correlation analysis. In addition, in a 1-mm zone in the central fovea, a correlation was calculated between the mean RS and the mean central retinal thickness (CRT). RESULTS Eighty-four eyes were analyzed. The total number of MP test points was 1092 (84 eyes × 13 points). The mean RS and retinal point thickness (RPT) of all test points were 13.53±3.84 dB and 208.6±48.0 μm, respectively. The RS and RPT were significantly decreased in the test points with loss of the ellipsoid portion of the inner segments (EPIS) (P<0.0001). Within the 1-mm foveal center zone, there was a significant correlation between mean RS and mean CRT (r=0.432, P<0.0001) and between RS and the corresponding RPT (r=0.339, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION RS was dependent on the status of the EPIS in patients with resolved CSC. The correlation between mean RS and mean CRT was compatible with the point-to-point correlation between RS and the corresponding RPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C M Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J T Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-W Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Huh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cho Y, Kim J, Joo D, Lee J, Huh K, Kim M, Kim Y, Kim B. Improved Function of Islets Co-Cultured With Ischemia/Reperfusion-Preconditioned Hepatocytes. Transplantation 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201407151-01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cho Y, Song S, Kim J, Kim B, Kim M, Lee W, Kim Y, Huh K. Enhanced Viability of Insulin-Producing Cell Line Suffering Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury by Pretreatment With Flavonoid Kaempferol. Transplantation 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201407151-01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Moon GJ, Shin DH, Im DS, Bang OY, Nam HS, Lee JH, Joo IS, Huh K, Gwag BJ. Identification of oxidized serum albumin in the cerebrospinal fluid of ischaemic stroke patients. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:1151-8. [PMID: 21299736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Extensive evidence has shown that oxidative stress mediates neuronal death in animal models of hypoxic-ischaemia. Brain biomarkers of oxidative stress need to be identified in order to better understand and treat brain damage in human stroke patients. The present study was conducted to identify potential target proteins of oxidative stress in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of stroke patients with acute ischaemic brain injury. METHODS We performed two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate protein samples obtained from the CSF of control and stroke patients. To determine protein oxidation levels, oxyblot was then used to detect protein carbonyls that were determined by formation of a stable 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP) product using an anti-DNP antibody. RESULTS We found that oxidation of serum albumin was increased in the CSF from stroke patients as well as rats who underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (6.5%, 23%, respectively). In stroke patients, oxidized albumin levels correlated to neurologic indications. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that oxidized albumin in CSF can be utilized as an oxidative stress marker in human stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Moon
- Research Institute for Neural Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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15
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Hong JM, Choi JY, Lee JH, Yong SW, Bang OY, Joo IS, Huh K. Impact of posterior communicating artery on basilar artery steno-occlusive disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:1390-3. [PMID: 19917819 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.177949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute brainstem infarction with basilar artery (BA) occlusive disease is the most fatal type of all ischaemic strokes. This report investigates the prognostic impact of the posterior communicating artery (PcoA) and whether its anatomy is a safeguard or not. METHODS Consecutive patients who had acute brainstem infarction with at least 50% stenosis of BA upon CT angiography (CTA) were studied. The configuration of PcoA was divided into two groups upon CTA: "textbook" group (invisible PcoA with good P1 and P2 segment) and "fetal-variant of PcoA" group (only visible PcoA with absent P1 segment). Baseline demographics, radiological findings and stroke mechanisms were analysed. A multiple regression analysis was performed to predict clinical outcome at 30 days (modified Rankin disability Scale (mRS<or=2)). RESULTS Among all 95 patients, 58% (n = 55) had good prognoses (mRS<or=2). Interestingly, 44 patients (46.3%) had at least one fetal-variant PcoA (26 bilateral, 18 unilateral). By multiple logistic regression analysis, the atherosclerotic mechanism (OR 18.0; 95% CI 3.0 to 107.0) and presence of fetal-variant PcoA (OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.4 to 18.8) were independent predictors for good prognosis and initial NIH stroke scale score (OR 1.24 per one-point increase; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) for poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Fetal-variant PcoA appears to act as a safeguard against ischaemic insult in acute stroke victims involving the brainstem with BA occlusive disease. This result can be explained by the fact that patients with fetal-variant PcoA have a smaller area of posterior circulation and a possibility of retrograde filling into the upper brainstem through the fetal-variant PcoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hong
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Kyunggi, South Korea.
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16
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Hong JM, Chung CS, Bang OY, Yong SW, Joo IS, Huh K. Vertebral artery dominance contributes to basilar artery curvature and peri-vertebrobasilar junctional infarcts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:1087-92. [PMID: 19414436 PMCID: PMC2735647 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.169805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The diameters of the vertebral arteries (VAs) are very often unequal. Therefore, this study investigated if unequal VA flow contributes to the development of basilar artery (BA) curvature and if it is a link to the laterality of pontine or cerebellar infarcts occurring around the vertebrobasilar junction. METHODS Radiological factors were analysed (infarct laterality, VA dominance, BA curvature and their directional relationships) in 91 patients with acute unilateral pontine or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) territory infarcts. The "dominant" VA side was defined as either that the VA was larger in diameter or the VA was connected with the BA in more of a straight line, if both VAs looked similar in diameter on CT angiography. Multiple regression analysis was performed to predict moderate to severe BA curvature. RESULTS The dominant VA was more frequent on the left side (p<0.01). Most patients had an opposite directional relationship between the dominant VA and BA curvature (p<0.01). Pontine infarcts were opposite to the side of BA curvature (p<0.01) and PICA infarcts were on the same side as the non-dominant VA side (p<0.01). The difference in VA diameters was the single independent predictor for moderate to severe BA curvature (OR per 1 mm, 2.70; 95% CI 1.22 to 5.98). CONCLUSIONS Unequal VA flow is an important haemodynamic contributor of BA curvature and development of peri-vertebrobasilar junctional infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University Medical Centre, Ajou University School of Medicine, Yongtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Kyunggi-Do, South Korea.
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17
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Jung HS, Huh K, Shin YH, Kim JK, Yun CS, Park CH, Jang JB. Left-sided gallbladder: a complicated percutaneous cholecystostomy and subsequent hepatic embolisation. Br J Radiol 2009; 82:e141-4. [PMID: 19541942 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/59092209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 68-year-old male patient with chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure was diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis. A percutaneous cholecystostomy using a transperitoneal approach was performed after two failed attempts with a right-sided transhepatic approach. Subsequent hepatic embolisation was performed for the treatment of haemoperitoneum due to hepatic injury after the percutaneous cholecystostomy. The presence of a left-sided gallbladder was confirmed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy after 1 week. Prior identification of this anomaly would have prevented hepatic injury through the use of a cautious procedure against mobility or careful selection of the approach routes. In conclusion, the transperitoneal approach can be easier or more preferable to perform for a percutaneous cholecystostomy of a left-sided gallbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Jung
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Bongsaeng Memorial Hospital, Busan, Korea.
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18
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Cho HJ, Son SM, Jin SM, Hong HS, Shin DH, Kim SJ, Huh K, Mook‐Jung I. RAGE regulates BACE1 and Aβ generation
via
NFAT1 activation in Alzheimer's disease animal model. FASEB J 2009; 23:2639-49. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-126383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - S. M. Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - S. M. Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - H. S. Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - D. H. Shin
- Department of PhysiologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemia/Hypoxia Disease InstituteSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - S. J. Kim
- Department of PhysiologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Ischemia/Hypoxia Disease InstituteSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - K. Huh
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
| | - I. Mook‐Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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Lee PH, Kim JW, Bang OY, Ahn YH, Joo IS, Huh K. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy delays the progression of neurological deficits in patients with multiple system atrophy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 83:723-30. [PMID: 17898702 DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the feasibility and safety of therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through consecutively intra-arterial and three repeated intravenous injections and compared the long-term prognosis between MSC-treated (n=11) and control multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients (n=18). The MSC-treated patients showed significantly greater improvement on the unified MSA rating scale (UMSARS) than the control patients at all visits throughout the 12-month study period. Orthostasis in UMSARS I items and cerebellar dysfunction-related items of UMSARS II items were significantly different in favor of MSC treatment compared to controls. Serial positron emission tomography scan in the MSC-treated group showed that increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake from baseline was noted in cerebellum and frontal white matters. No serious adverse effects related to MSC therapy occurred. This study demonstrated that MSC therapy in patients with MSA was safe and delayed the progression of neurological deficits with achievement of functional improvement in the follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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Abstract
Cardiac sympathetic dysfunction was investigated using 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy in 20 patients with drug induced parkinsonism (DIP). The mean heart to mediastinum ratio was significantly greater in patients with DIP than in those with Parkinson's disease (mean (SD): 2.07 (0.39) v 1.28 (0.15), p<0.001). MIBG uptake was not different between the DIP patients and controls. Two DIP patients whose MIBG uptake was significantly reduced showed persistent parkinsonism and responded dramatically to levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine Ajou University, Woncheon-dong San 5, Paldal-ku, Suwon, Kyungki-do, 442-749, South Korea.
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21
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Lee PH, Lee G, Park HJ, Bang OY, Joo IS, Huh K. The plasma alpha-synuclein levels in patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 113:1435-9. [PMID: 16465458 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/27/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Synuclein, a synaptic protein of unknown function, is a major component of Lewy bodies and may play a role in the pathophysiological process of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we measured the plasma alpha-synuclein levels in 105 patients with PD, 38 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), and 51 age-matched controls. The alpha-synuclein level was significantly elevated in patients with PD (79.9 +/- 4.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and in those with MSA (78.1 +/- 3.5 pg/ml, p = 0.019) compared with the level in controls (76.1 +/- 3.9 pg/ml). The alpha-synuclein level was higher in patients with PD than in those with MSA (79.9 +/- 4.0 vs 78.1 +/- 3.5, p = 0.016). Our study demonstrated that the alpha-synuclein level in plasma is elevated in patients with PD and MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathogenesis of deep white matter medullary (WMM) artery infarcts remains controversial. To address this question, we analysed the stroke patterns of WMM infarcts using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) to detect embolic signals and investigate stroke subtypes according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classifications. METHODS We identified WMM infarcts on DWI using templates to determine the subcortical vascular territories. We classified WMM infarcts into those with small artery disease (SAD), large artery disease (LAD), cardioembolism (CE), two or more aetiologies, or undetermined aetiology. Clinical course, risk factors, and cortical spotty lesions were compared. RESULTS Of the 1420 consecutive patients, 103 (7.3%) met the criteria for WMM infarcts. The stroke subtypes were as follows: 65 (63.1%) patients with LAD, 18 (17.5%) with SAD, 12 (11.7%) with CE, four (3.9%) with two or more aetiologies, three (2.1%) with undetermined aetiology, and one (1.0%) with other determined aetiology. LAD (87.7%) or CE (83.3%) was significantly accompanied by cortical embolic signals as compared to SAD (0%, p<0.001). The LAD infarcts were larger and tended to be chain-like in shape. Ischaemic stroke recurrence was more common in strokes with cortical embolic signals than in those without embolic signals (18.9% v 0%, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS In present study, the most common pathogenesis of WMM infarcts was LAD. Our study indicates that WMM infarcts accompanying cortical embolic signals warrant evaluation of the underlying embolic sources in the large artery or the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong San 5, Paldal-Ku, Suwon, Kyungki-do 442-749, South Korea
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Bang OY, Lee PH, Yoon SR, Lee MA, Joo IS, Huh K. Inflammatory markers, rather than conventional risk factors, are different between carotid and MCA atherosclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76:1128-34. [PMID: 16024892 PMCID: PMC1739734 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.054403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apparent differences in risk factors for intra- and extracranial atherosclerosis are unclear and the mechanisms that underlie strokes in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis are not well known. We investigated the conventional vascular risk factors as well as other factors in stroke patients with large artery atherosclerosis. METHODS Using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and vascular and cardiologic studies, we selected patients with acute non-cardioembolic cerebral infarcts within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Patients were divided into two groups: those with atherosclerotic lesions on the carotid sinus (n = 112) and those with isolated lesions on the proximal MCA (n = 160). Clinical features, risk factors, and DWI patterns were compared between groups. RESULTS There were no differences in conventional risk factors, but markers for inflammation were significantly higher in patients with carotid atherosclerosis than in those with isolated MCA atherosclerosis (p < 0.01 for both). After adjustments for age/sex and the severity of stroke, an inverse correlation was observed between C-reactive protein levels and MCA atherosclerosis (odds ratio 0.57 per 1 mg/dl increase; 95% confidence interval 0.35 to 0.92; p = 0.02). Internal borderzone infarcts suggestive of haemodynamic causes were the most frequent DWI pattern in patients with MCA occlusion, whereas territorial infarcts suggesting plaque ruptures were most common in those with carotid occlusion. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that inflammatory markers, rather than conventional risk factors, reveal clinical and radiological differences between patients with carotid and MCA atherosclerosis. Plaques associated with MCA atherosclerosis may be more stable than those associated with carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Bang
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong San 5, Suwon, Kyungki-do, 442-749, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
To investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetSD) on the development of intracranial atherosclerotic stroke, the authors evaluated the components of the MetSD in 512 patients with stroke. The MetSD was observed most frequently in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis (p = 0.007). In multiple regression analysis, the MetSD, but not conventional risk factors, was independently associated with intracranial atherosclerosis (p = 0.005). The results suggest that treatment of metabolic abnormalities may be an important prevention strategy for intracranial atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Bang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
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25
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Abstract
Parkinsonism associated with dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) has been described rarely; however, isolated parkinsonism as the presenting symptom of DAVF has not been reported. Here, we describe a patient with DAVF showing reversible isolated parkinsonism after embolization, which was well correlated with perfusion status of basal ganglia, suggesting that a perfusion defect was responsible for the pathogenesis of the parkinsonism in our DAVF patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Ajou University, Wonchon-dong, Suwon, South Korea.
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26
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Lee PH, Bang OY, Hwang EM, Lee JS, Joo US, Mook-Jung I, Huh K. Circulating beta amyloid protein is elevated in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2005; 112:1371-9. [PMID: 15682267 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-004-0274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2004] [Accepted: 12/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical and experimental studies suggest that ischemic strokes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Beta amyloid (Abeta), a major component of senile plaque in AD, is known to be derived from ischemic brain or activated platelets. We prospectively enrolled 62 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 27 age-matched controls. The serum Abeta and P-selectin levels were determined using the Sandwich-ELISA. We divided ischemic strokes into subgroups according to the clinical syndrome, pathogenesis, and infarct size, and compared the Abeta level between each subgroup. The Abeta1-40 level was markedly elevated in ischemic stroke patients, as compared to controls (140.2 +/- 54.0 vs 88.44 +/- 34.96 pg/ml, p<0.001). Cardioembolic and larger artery atherosclerotic infarcts had higher Abeta1-40 level than small vessel disease (p = 0.001). Both infarct size and the initial NIHSS score had significantly positive correlations with the serum level of Abeta1-40 (r = 0.539, p<0.001 and r = 0.425, p = 0.001, respectively). However, the P-selectin level was not significantly correlated with serum Abeta1-40. Our data suggest that elevated circulating Abeta1-40 in ischemic stroke patients may be derived from brain as a consequence of ischemic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Spinocerebellar ataxia 7 (SCA7) is characterised by cerebellar ataxia and visual loss. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings characteristic of patients with SCA7. METHODS Twenty patients with SCA (eight SCA3, three SCA6, and nine SCA7) and 20 control subjects underwent an MRI-based volumetric analysis. RESULTS The pontine volume in patients with SCA7 was decreased by a greater amount than in patients with other types of SCA (p<0.01), whereas the cerebellar volume was not different from that in other types of SCA (p>0.05). Pontine atrophy was a consistent finding in all patients with SCA7 regardless of the degree of cerebellar atrophy or the severity or duration of illness. In contrast, cerebellar atrophy was not found in those with a short duration of illness or mild ataxia, but became prominent as the severity and duration of illness progressed. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that neurodegeneration is ongoing during the life of individuals with SCA7, and that the primary pathology in these individuals involves the brainstem rather than the cerebellum. In addition, pontine atrophy is a prominent, consistent finding in SCA7, and may help in establishing the clinical diagnosis of SCA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Bang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong San 5, Paldal-ku, Suwon, Kyungki-do, 442-749, Korea
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Lee PH, Oh SH, Bang OY, Joo IS, Huh K. Isolated middle cerebral artery disease: clinical and neuroradiological features depending on the pathogenesis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:727-32. [PMID: 15090568 PMCID: PMC1763587 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.022574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) disease is often difficult to differentiate from cardioembolic disease if intracranial atherosclerosis coexists with cardiac disease. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether clinical and neuroradiological features of isolated MCA disease differ according to the underlying aetiology. METHODS Isolated MCA disease was defined as a unilateral angiographically occlusive lesion of the MCA on the symptomatic side without lesions of other intracranial or extracranial vessels. Patients with isolated MCA disease were divided into atherosclerotic and potentially cardioembolic, and the clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiological data analysed. RESULTS Among the 850 consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack, 107 (12.6%) met the criteria for isolated MCA disease (76 with atherosclerotic disease and 31 with a potential source of cardiac embolism). Total anterior circulation infarcts were more common and baseline NIHSS score was higher in potentially embolic occlusions than in atherosclerotic disease (each p<0.001). While cortical infarcts and territorial infarcts were more common in the potential embolism group (p = 0.028 and p<0.001, respectively), subcortical border zone infarcts were more common in the atherosclerotic group (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that border zone infarcts and mild stroke were independently associated with atherosclerotic MCA disease, while territorial and cortical infarcts were associated with potential cardiac embolic disease. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and neuroradiological characteristics can differentiate isolated atherosclerotic MCA disease from MCA disease associated with potential sources of cardiac embolism, and may reflect the differences in underlying pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, South Korea
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29
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Abstract
Objective: To compare clinical and radiologic characteristics of atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) vs internal carotid artery (ICA) disease.Methods: The authors defined atherosclerotic MCA and ICA disease as >50% symptomatic stenosis or occlusion without significant ICA and MCA stenosis on MR angiography. Patients with potential cardiac sources of embolism were excluded. The authors analyzed clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiologic data of the two groups.Results: Among the 920 consecutive patients with acute ischemic strokes, 112 met the criteria for atherosclerotic MCA and 71 met the criteria for ICA disease. Clinically, the MCA group more frequently presented with lacunar syndrome (p = 0.001), whereas the ICA group more often presented with total anterior circulation infarct and had higher initial NIH Stroke Scale scores than the MCA group (all p < 0.001). Whereas deep perforator and internal border-zone infarcts were associated with MCA disease (p < 0.001 and 0.012), territorial infarcts and superficial perforator infarcts were associated with ICA disease (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009). The topographic patterns with respect to the degree of stenosis were also significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions: The clinical and radiologic stroke patterns were distinctively different between atherosclerotic MCA and ICA disease, suggesting different underlying pathogeneses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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Abstract
Some neurons (delay cells) in the prefrontal cortex elevate their activities throughout the time period during which the animal is required to remember past events and prepare future behavior, suggesting that working memory is mediated by continuous neural activity. It is unknown, however, how working memory is represented within a population of prefrontal cortical neurons. We recorded from neuronal ensembles in the prefrontal cortex as rats learned a new delayed alternation task. Ensemble activities changed in parallel with behavioral learning so that they increasingly allowed correct decoding of previous and future goal choices. In well-trained rats, considerable decoding was possible based on only a few neurons and after removing continuously active delay cells. These results show that neural activity in the prefrontal cortex changes dynamically during new task learning so that working memory is robustly represented and that working memory can be mediated by sequential activation of different neural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Baeg
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 442-721, South Korea
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Ha JH, Shin SM, Lee SK, Kim JS, Shin US, Huh K, Kim JA, Yong CS, Lee NJ, Lee DU. In vitro effects of hydroxybenzaldehydes from Gastrodia elata and their analogues on GABAergic neurotransmission, and a structure-activity correlation. Planta Med 2001; 67:877-880. [PMID: 11745032 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-18844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to characterize the modulatory effects of the constituents of Gastrodia elata and their analogues on the GABAergic neurotransmission. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (1) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (4) inhibited potently the activity of GABA transaminase (IC(50) = 4.1 and 5.4 microg/ml, respectively), while the activity of another constituent, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (2), was very weak. Further investigation with 10 analogues revealed a structure-activity correlation, suggesting that the aldehyde group and the hydroxy group at C-4 are necessary for the inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. Some potent enzyme inhibitors were examined for the effect on the radioligands to the GABA(A) receptor complexes of rat cerebral cortices. Among them, the component 4 dose-dependently increased (20 - 30 %) the binding of [(3)H]flunitrazepam in the presence of GABA.
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Huh K, Yi LS. Partial cDNA sequence analysis of the boar proacrosin-binding protein. Andrologia 2001; 33:379-83. [PMID: 11736800 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0272.2001.00466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A partial cDNA sequence of the boar 28, 29-kDa proacrosin-binding protein was determined. The desired sequence was amplified and obtained by RT-PCR followed by nested PCR. The oligonucleotide primers for RT-PCR were designed by deduction from the internal amino acid sequence of the boar proacrosin-binding protein. An approximately 1-kbp DNA fragment was analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis, in which the boar testicular total RNA or poly(A)+ RNA was used as a template for RT-PCR followed by nested PCR. This PCR product was inserted into a TA vector. The DNA sequence of the inserted PCR product was then determined by the chain termination method.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Huh
- Department of Biological Science and the Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Cheong MY, Yun SH, Mook-Jung I, Joo I, Huh K, Jung MW. Cholinergic modulation of synaptic physiology in deep layer entorhinal cortex of the rat. J Neurosci Res 2001; 66:117-21. [PMID: 11599008 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that cholinergic effects on synaptic transmission and plasticity in the superficial (II/III) layers of the rat medial entorhinal cortex (EC) are similar, but not identical, to those in the hippocampus (Yun et al. [2000] Neuroscience 97:671-676). Because the superficial and deep layers of the EC preferentially convey afferent and efferent hippocampal projections, respectively, it is of interest to compare cholinergic effects between the two regions. We therefore investigated the physiological effects of cholinergic agents in the layer V of medial EC slices under experimental conditions identical to those in the previous study. Bath application of carbachol (0.5 microM) induced transient depression of field potential responses in all cases tested (30 of 30; 18.5% +/- 2.3%) and rarely induced long-lasting potentiation (only 3 of 30; 20.4% +/- 3.2% in successful cases). At 5 microM, carbachol induced transient depression only (20 of 20, 48.9% +/- 2.8%), which was blocked by atropine (10 microM). Paired-pulse facilitation was enhanced during carbachol-induced depression, suggesting presynaptic action of carbachol. Long-term potentiation (LTP) could be induced in the presence of 10 microM atropine by theta burst stimulation, but its magnitude was significantly lower (9.1% +/- 4.7%, n = 15) compared to LTP in control slices (22.4% +/- 3.9%, n = 20). These results, combined with our previous findings, demonstrate remarkably similar cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity across the superficial and deep layers of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Cheong
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Kim H, Bang OY, Jung MW, Ha SD, Hong HS, Huh K, Kim SU, Mook-Jung I. Neuroprotective effects of estrogen against beta-amyloid toxicity are mediated by estrogen receptors in cultured neuronal cells. Neurosci Lett 2001; 302:58-62. [PMID: 11278111 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although estrogen is known to exert beneficial effects on Alzheimer's disease, its underlying cellular mechanisms have not been clear. In this study we investigated whether or not neuroprotective effects of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs). Treatment of estrogen (1.8 nM) reduced beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced death of ER-expressing W4 cells. This effect of estrogen was blocked by a specific ER blocker ICI 182,780. When estrogen was treated to HT22 cells, which lack functional ERs, Abeta-induced cell death was not affected. Transfection of HT22 cells with human ERalpha, but not ERbeta, restored protective action of estrogen against Abeta. Hoechst staining revealed that estrogen protected ERalpha-expressing cells by blocking Abeta-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that estrogen blocks Abeta-induced cell death via ERalpha-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, 442-721, Suwon, South Korea
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Choi J, Huh K, Kim SH, Lee KT, Kwon SH, Park HJ. Toxicology of Kalopanax pictus extract and hematological effect of the isolated anti-rheumatoidal kalopanaxsaponin A on the Freunds complete adjuvant reagent-treated rat. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:119-25. [PMID: 11339631 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that kalopanaxsaponin A (KPS-A) isolated from Kalopanax pictus have anti-rheumatoidal activity in the rat treated with Freunds complete adjuvant (FCA) reagent. In addition, it has been also reported that KPS-A is a potent antioxidant in the rheumatoidal rat. This research was undertaken to examine whether the saponins of KPS-A and -I could adjust the abnormal lipid metabolisms and hematological changes in immunological diseases. KPS-A significantly inhibited the increases in both triglycerides and total proteins in addition to the decrease in total cholesterol induced by FCA reagent treatment. KPS-A treatment decreased the number of leucocytes elevated by FCA reagent treatment. Excess dose of the methanol extract produced no severe toxicity on the body weight, wet organ weights and hepatic functions. Since LD50 value of K. pictus methanol extract was shown to be 4,033 mg/kg, it could be estimated to be a safe agent for anti-rheumatoidal herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Pusan, Korea
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Mook-Jung I, Hong HS, Boo JH, Lee KH, Yun SH, Cheong MY, Joo I, Huh K, Jung MW. Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 improve spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice. J Neurosci Res 2001; 63:509-15. [PMID: 11241586 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cognition enhancing effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1. Mice were trained in a Morris water maze following injection (i.p.) of Rb1 (1 mg/kg) or Rg1 (1 mg/kg) for 4 days. Both Rb1- and Rg1-injected mice showed enhanced spatial learning compared to control animals. The hippocampus, but not the frontal cortex, of treated mice contained higher density of a synaptic marker protein, synaptophysin, compared to control mice. Electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices revealed that Rb1 or Rg1 injection did not change the magnitude of paired-pulse facilitation or long-term potentiation. Our results suggest that Rb1 and Rg1 enhance spatial learning ability by increasing hippocampal synaptic density without changing plasticity of individual synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mook-Jung
- Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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37
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Yeon SW, Jung MW, Ha MJ, Kim SU, Huh K, Savage MJ, Masliah E, Mook-Jung I. Blockade of PKC epsilon activation attenuates phorbol ester-induced increase of alpha-secretase-derived secreted form of amyloid precursor protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280:782-7. [PMID: 11162589 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of PKC epsilon in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing was investigated using APP-overexpressing B103 cells. As reported previously, a PKC activator, phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), enhanced secretion of APP alpha, and this effect was blocked by a PKC inhibitor, GF109203X in this system. Selective inhibition of PKC epsilon by overexpressing the PKC epsilon V1 region, which binds specifically to the receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK), blocked PDBu-induced enhancement of APP alpha secretion as well as PDBu-induced decrease in beta-secretase-derived APP C-terminal fragment production. On the other hand, the level of PKC epsilon, but not that of PKC alpha or PKC gamma, was substantially lower in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients compared to age-matched controls. These results add to a growing body of evidence that PKC epsilon plays an important role in modulating APP processing, and suggest that reduced PKC epsilon activity may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Yeon
- Brain Disease Research Center, Aju University School of Medicine, Suwon 442-721, Korea
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Nam JH, Moon JI, Chung SS, Kim SI, Park KI, Song YD, Kim KR, Lee HC, Huh K, Lim SK. Prevalence and risk factors for vertebral fractures in renal transplants. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1877. [PMID: 11119980 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ha JH, Lee DU, Lee JT, Kim JS, Yong CS, Kim JA, Ha JS, Huh K. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde from Gastrodia elata B1. is active in the antioxidation and GABAergic neuromodulation of the rat brain. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 73:329-333. [PMID: 11025174 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ether fraction of G. elata methanol extract significantly inhibited the recovery time and severity induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) treatment. Pretreatment of ether fraction of G. elata methanol extract successfully prevented diminution of brain GABA level in subconvulsive dose of PTZ-treated rats. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, an analogue of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, showed an inhibitory effect on the GABA transaminase, and its inhibitory activity was higher than that of valproic acid, a known anticonvulsant. In the brain of PTZ-treated rats, brain lipid peroxidation was significantly increased, while it recovered to the control level after treatment with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. It may be concluded that antioxidation and positive modulation of GABAergic neuromodulation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde partially contribute to an antiepileptic and anticonvulsive activity of G. elata B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 705-717, Taegu, South Korea.
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Nam JH, Moon JI, Chung SS, Kim SI, Park KI, Song YD, Kim KR, Lee HC, Huh K, Lim SK. Pamidronate and calcitriol trial for the prevention of early bone loss after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1876. [PMID: 11119979 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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41
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Park SA, Choi KS, Bang JH, Huh K, Kim SU. Cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death in mouse hybrid neurons is blocked by antioxidants through suppression of cisplatin-mediated accumulation of p53 but not of Fas/Fas ligand. J Neurochem 2000; 75:946-53. [PMID: 10936175 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy following cisplatin treatment is a major limiting factor in cisplatin chemotherapy of cancer patients. We investigated the pathomechanism underlying cisplatin neuropathy using a mouse dorsal root ganglion neuron-neuroblastoma hybrid cell line (N18D3) developed in our laboratory. DNA fragmentation, a characteristic feature of apoptosis, was induced in hybrid neurons following treatment with cisplatin. Accumulation of p53, Fas, and Fas ligand (Fas-L) was also demonstrated in these neurons. Preincubation with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, blocked cisplatin-induced apoptosis completely, whereas Trolox, a vitamin E analogue, blocked it partially. Cisplatin-induced p53 accumulation was suppressed by NAC treatment, whereas p53 accumulation was retarded by Trolox treatment. In contrast, neither NAC nor Trolox showed any inhibitory effect on cisplatin-induced Fas/Fas-L accumulation. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in hybrid neurons are mediated mainly through the inhibition of p53 accumulation but not of Fas/Fas-L accumulation by these antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Park
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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42
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Yun SH, Cheong MY, Mook-Jung I, Huh K, Lee C, Jung MW. Cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of the rat. Neuroscience 2000; 97:671-6. [PMID: 10842011 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Effects of cholinergic agents on synaptic transmission and plasticity were examined in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Bath application of carbachol (0.25-0.75 microM) induced transient depression of field potential responses in all cases tested (24/24 in layer III of medial entorhinal cortex slices and 24/24 in CA1 of hippocampal slices; 11.0+/-1.9% and 7.8+/-2.5%, respectively) and long-lasting potentiation in some cases (4/24 in entorhinal cortex and 12/24 in hippocampus; 33.7+/-3.7% and 32.1+/-9.9%, respectively, in successful cases). Carbachol (0.5 microM) induced transient depression, but not long-lasting potentiation, of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated responses in entorhinal cortex. At 5 microM, carbachol induced transient depression only (55. 9+/-4.7% in entorhinal cortex and 41.4+/-2.9% in hippocampus), which was blocked by atropine. Paired-pulse facilitation was not altered during carbachol-induced potentiation but enhanced during carbachol-induced depression. These results suggest that the underlying mechanisms of carbachol-induced depression and potentiation are decreased transmitter release and selective enhancement of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated responses, respectively. Long-term potentiation could be induced in the presence of 10 microM atropine by theta burst stimulation. The magnitude was significantly lower (15.2+/-5.2%, n=9) compared with control (37.2+/-6.1%, n=8) in entorhinal cortex, however. These results demonstrate similar, but not identical, cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yun
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, 442-721, Suwon, South Korea
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43
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Abstract
The authors report a patient who suddenly developed memory loss without any other focal neurologic deficits. Neuropsychological testing showed severe anterograde verbal and visual memory deficits that improved gradually over several months, but not to the point of the premorbid state. Brain MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging performed 3 days after onset revealed acute infarction involving the bilateral fornices and the right genu of the corpus callosum. The authors suggest that acute fornix infarction may cause anterograde memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Park
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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44
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Abstract
The contribution of NMDA receptors to the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP) is controversial. In entorhinal cortex (EC) previous studies reported either that LTP was exclusively expressed through NMDA receptors or that both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors were involved in LTP expression. To reexamine this issue, horizontal entorhinal cortical slices were prepared from adult rats and electrical stimulation was delivered in layer II/III, while field potential recordings were made in layer III. In the standard condition (2.5 mM Mg(++)), LTP was reliably induced by theta burst stimulation, but was blocked by 100 microM D-AP5, an NMDA receptor antagonist. This corroborates previous reports that NMDA receptor activation is required for induction of EC LTP. The field potential response was not affected by D-AP5, but completely blocked by 10 microM CNQX, a non-NMDA receptor antagonist. This indicates that the expression of LTP is mediated by non-NMDA receptors in the standard condition. LTP of NMDA receptor-mediated responses was tested by comparing NMDA responses before and after applying theta burst stimulation in medium containing low magnesium (0.4-1 mM). Theta burst stimulation induced 43.2+/-9.7% increase of non-NMDA responses (i.e., AP5-insensitive fast component) but 5.6+/-9.0% decrease of the NMDA receptor component (AP5-sensitive slow component). These results indicate that activation of NMDA receptors is critical for induction of LTP, but LTP expression is mediated by non-NMDA receptors in EC under these experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yun
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 442-721, Korea
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45
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Won SJ, Ko HW, Kim EY, Park EC, Huh K, Jung NP, Choi I, Oh YK, Shin HC, Gwag BJ. Nuclear factor kappa B-mediated kainate neurotoxicity in the rat and hamster hippocampus. Neuroscience 1999; 94:83-91. [PMID: 10613499 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the excitotoxin kainate produces seizure activity and selective neuronal death in various brain areas. We examined the degeneration pattern of hippocampal neurons following systemic injections of kainate in the hamster and the rat. As reported, treatment with kainate resulted in severe neuronal loss in the hilus and CA3 in the rat. While the hilar neurons were also highly vulnerable to kainate in the hamster, neurons in the CA1 area, but not CA3, were highly sensitive to kainate. In both animals, immunoreactivity to anti-p50 nuclear factor kappa B antibody was increased in nuclei of the hilar neurons within 4 h following administration of kainate. Kainate treatment also increased the nuclear factor kappa B immunoreactivity in hamster CA1 neurons and rat CA3 neurons 24 h later. Neurons showing intense nuclear factor kappa B signal were stained with acid fuchsin. Kainate also increased DNA binding activity of p50 and p65 nuclear factor kappa B in the nuclear extract of the hippocampal formation as analysed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay in the hamster, suggesting that activation of nuclear factor kappa B may contribute to kainate-induced hippocampal degeneration. Administration of 100 nmol dizocilpine maleate 3 h prior to kainate attenuated kainate-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B and neuronal death in CA1 in the hamster. The present study provides evidence that the differential vulnerability of neurons in the rat and the hamster hippocampus to kainate is partly mediated by mechanisms involving N-methyl-D-aspartate-dependent activation of nuclear factor kappa B.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Won
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyungkido, South Korea
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46
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Mook-Jung I, Shin JE, Yun SH, Huh K, Koh JY, Park HK, Jew SS, Jung MW. Protective effects of asiaticoside derivatives against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity. J Neurosci Res 1999; 58:417-25. [PMID: 10518115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Asiaticoside (AS) derivatives were tested for potential protective effects against Abeta-induced cell death. Of the 28 AS derivatives tested, asiatic acid (AA), asiaticoside 6 (AS6), and SM2 showed strong inhibition of Abeta-induced death of B103 cells at 1 microM. The three AS derivatives were further tested for their effects on free radical injury and apoptosis. All three AS derivatives reduced H(2)O(2)-induced cell death and lowered intracellular free radical concentration, but AA showed the strongest protection. In contrast, SM2 was the most effective blocker of staurosporine-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that the three AS derivatives block Abeta toxicity by acting through different cellular mechanisms. When applied to hippocampal slices, AA, SM2, and AS6 did not alter n-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) or non-NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation or induction of long-term potentiation in the field CA1. These results indicate that the three AS derivatives do not alter physiological properties of the hippocampus at the concentration that blocks Abeta-induced cell death. Therefore AS6, AA, and SM2 can be regarded as reasonable candidates for a therapeutic Alzheimer's disease drug that protects neurons from Abeta toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mook-Jung
- Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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47
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Abstract
Boar proacrosin binding protein has been purified and the partial peptide sequence of the CNBr-digested proacrosin binding protein has been determined. Proacrosin binding protein was purified as a proacrosin and proacrosin binding protein complex from the acid extracts of boar spermatozoa through gel filtration. After the proacrosin binding protein was dissociated from proacrosin by freeze-thaw method, the proacrosin binding protein was purified through gel filtration. Fractions containing the proacrosin binding protein were pooled and were concentrated by lyophilization and then subjected to CNBr digestion. Four major CNBr-digested peptides were subjected to N-terminal peptide sequencing. All four showed the same N-terminus sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Huh
- Department of Biology and Institute for Basic Science, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Lee YS, Ha JH, Yong CS, Lee DU, Huh K, Kang YS, Lee SH, Jung MW, Kim JA. Inhibitory effects of constituents of Gastrodia elata Bl. on glutamate-induced apoptosis in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells. Arch Pharm Res 1999; 22:404-9. [PMID: 10489882 DOI: 10.1007/bf02979066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of the constituents of Gastrodia elata Bl. (GE) on glutamate-induced apoptosis in human neuronal cells were investigated using IMR32 human neuroblastoma cells. Glutamate (GLU) induced DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis, in a dose-dependent manner. GLU also induced a slow and sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Treatment with EGTA, an extracellular Ca2+ chelator, in a nominal Ca2+-free buffer solution abolished the GLU-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase, indicating that GLU stimulated Ca2+ influx pathway in the IMR32 cells. BAPTA, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, significantly inhibited the GLU-induced apoptosis assessed by the flow cytometry measuring hypodiploid DNA content indicative of apoptosis, implying that intracellular Ca2+ rise may mediate the apoptotic action of GLU. Vanillin (VAN) and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-HB), known constituents of GE, significantly inhibited both intracellular Ca2+ rise and apoptosis induced by GLU. These results suggest that the apoptosis-inhibitory actions of the constituents of GE may account, at least in part, for the basis of their antiepileptic activities. These results further suggest that intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathway may be a molecular target of the constituents of GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Kangnung, Korea
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49
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Abstract
Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis. We performed this study to identify the correlating variables and risk factors for atherosclerosis, as measured by the atherosclerotic score (AS), and to determine the relative risk for cardiovascular disease in relation to plasma homocyst(e)ine levels in patients on chronic hemodialysis. We evaluated and measured 61 patients on chronic hemodialysis for clinical and biochemical parameters including atherosclerotic score (AS) and plasma homocyst(e)ine. We divided patients into high and low groups, first, by the mean AS, and second, by the median value of plasma total homocyst(e)ine levels. Then we compared the variables between the two groups. Out of the 61 patients, the median plasma total homocyst(e)ine level was 24.4 micromol/L (mean+/-SD, 27.7+/-17.4; range, 9.8-127.4 micromol/L), and the median AS was 5 (mean+/-SD, 6.2+/-2.8; range, 3-13) out of a possible 20 points. AS was significantly correlated with plasma total homocyst(e)ine levels (r=0.37) and age (r=0.67). Through multivariate analysis, plasma total homocyst(e)ine level and age were determined as significant risk factors for the high-AS group (p<0.05). However, plasma total homocyst(e)ine level did not correlate with age (p>0.05). Eighteen of the 61 patients, presented with cardiovascular disease until the present study, had an AS>6. Cardiovascular disease was found more often in the high-homocyst(e)ine group (>24.4 micromol/L) than in the low-homocyst(e)ine group (odds ratio, 9.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.3-37.4). Regardless of age, hyperhomocyst(e)inemia (especially homocyst(e)ine levels >24.4 micromol/L) is a risk factor that can be modified for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients on chronic hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul
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50
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Emary WB, Toren PC, Mathews B, Huh K. Disposition and metabolism of rifapentine, a rifamycin antibiotic, in mice, rats, and monkeys. Drug Metab Dispos 1998; 26:725-31. [PMID: 9698285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rifapentine is a cyclopentyl derivative of rifampin under development for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex infections. These studies were designed to investigate the disposition and biotransformation of single iv and oral doses of 14C-rifapentine in mice, bile duct-cannulated and uncannulated rats, and monkeys. Mass balance studies included 14C analyses of urine, feces, bile, cage wash, carcasses, and cage air collected for up to 120 hr postdose. Separation of radioactive compounds extracted from urine, bile, and feces was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography and radioisotope detection. The mass spectra of selected chromatographic peaks were obtained. Disposition results were similar for all three species. Less than 5% of the radioactive dose of 14C-rifapentine was recovered in urine, indicating that renal excretion is a minor route of elimination in these species. The major route of elimination of radioactivity was into the feces, where more than 75% of the radioactivity was recovered. Biliary excretion was the major route of elimination of radioactivity in bile duct-cannulated rats dosed either po or IV. Radiochromatograms were similar for fecal samples from animals dosed by IV or orally. Ten regions of radioactivity were observed in mouse and rat fecal sample radiochromatograms, and seven regions of radioactivity were observed in monkey fecal sample radiochromatograms. The most abundant compound identified in feces was usually intact rifapentine (27%-41% of dose in mouse, 3%-35% of dose in rat, and 17%-29% of dose in monkey). Other peaks identified or characterized in feces based on liquid chromatography/ultraviolet/14C and/or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods included 25-desacetyl-rifapentine, 3-formyl-25-desacetyl-rifapentine, and 3-formyl-rifapentine. The compounds rifapentine, 25-desacetyl-rifapentine, and 3-formyl-rifapentine were present in rat bile samples. These studies show that the metabolism and disposition of rifapentine in mice, rats, and monkeys were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Emary
- Drug Metabolism, Nonclinical Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Kansas City, MO 64134, USA
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