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Musacchio N, Zilich R, Masi D, Baccetti F, Nreu B, Bruno Giorda C, Guaita G, Morviducci L, Muselli M, Ozzello A, Pisani F, Ponzani P, Rossi A, Santin P, Verda D, Di Cianni G, Candido R. A transparent machine learning algorithm uncovers HbA1c patterns associated with therapeutic inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes and failure of metformin monotherapy. Int J Med Inform 2024; 190:105550. [PMID: 39059083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to identify and categorize the determinants influencing the intensification of therapy in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) patients with suboptimal blood glucose control despite metformin monotherapy. METHODS Employing the Logic Learning Machine (LLM), an advanced artificial intelligence system, we scrutinized electronic health records of 1.5 million patients treated in 271 diabetes clinics affiliated with the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists from 2005 to 2019. Inclusion criteria comprised patients on metformin monotherapy with two consecutive mean HbA1c levels exceeding 7.0%. The cohort was divided into "inertia-NO" (20,067 patients with prompt intensification) and "inertia-YES" (13,029 patients without timely intensification). RESULTS The LLM model demonstrated robust discriminatory ability among the two groups (ROC-AUC = 0.81, accuracy = 0.71, precision = 0.80, recall = 0.71, F1 score = 0.75). The main novelty of our results is indeed the identification of two main distinct subtypes of therapeutic inertia. The first exhibited a gradual but steady HbA1c increase, while the second featured a moderate, non-uniform rise with substantial fluctuations. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis sheds light on the significant impact of HbA1c levels over time on therapeutic inertia in patients with T2D, emphasizing the importance of early intervention in the presence of specific HbA1c patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Musacchio
- AMD-AI National Group Coordinator, UOS Integrating Primary and Specialist Care, ASST Nord Milano, Via Filippo Carcano 17, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Zilich
- Mix-x Partner, Via Circonvallazione 5, Ivrea (TO), Italy.
| | - Davide Masi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Baccetti
- ASL Nordovest Toscana. ASL Nordovest, Massa Carrara (MS), Italy.
| | - Besmir Nreu
- Diabetology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Largo G.A. Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence (FI), Italy.
| | | | - Giacomo Guaita
- Diabetes and Endocrinology UNIT ASL SULCIS, Carbonia-Iglesias, Italy.
| | - Lelio Morviducci
- UOC Diabetologia e Dietologia, Ospedale S. Spirito - ASL Roma 1, Borgo Santo Spirito, Roma (RM), Italy.
| | - Marco Muselli
- Rulex Innovation Labs, Rulex Inc, Via Felice Romani 9/2, 16122 Genoa (GE), Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ozzello
- AMD regional past President, Gruppo nazionale AI AMD, Bruino, Torino (TO), Italy
| | | | - Paola Ponzani
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit ASL 4 Liguria, Chiavari (GE), Italy.
| | - Antonio Rossi
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, 20149 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Damiano Verda
- Rulex Innovation Labs, Rulex Inc, Via Felice Romani 9/2, 16122 Genoa (GE), Italy.
| | - Graziano Di Cianni
- AMD Past President, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Health Local Unit Nord-West Tuscany, Livorno Hospital, Pad. 4 Viale Alfieri 36, Livorno (LI), Italy.
| | - Riccardo Candido
- AMD New President, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy.
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Shang Z, Chauhan V, Devi K, Patil S. Artificial Intelligence, the Digital Surgeon: Unravelling Its Emerging Footprint in Healthcare - The Narrative Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:4011-4022. [PMID: 39165254 PMCID: PMC11333562 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s482757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential for the healthcare industry, offering innovative solutions for diagnosis, treatment planning, and improving patient outcomes. As AI continues to be integrated into healthcare systems, it promises advancements across various domains. This review explores the diverse applications of AI in healthcare, along with the challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of AI's impact on healthcare and to identify areas for further development and focus. Main Applications The review discusses the broad range of AI applications in healthcare. In medical imaging and diagnostics, AI enhances the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic processes, aiding in early disease detection. AI-powered clinical decision support systems assist healthcare professionals in patient management and decision-making. Predictive analytics using AI enables the prediction of patient outcomes and identification of potential health risks. AI-driven robotic systems have revolutionized surgical procedures, improving precision and outcomes. Virtual assistants and chatbots enhance patient interaction and support, providing timely information and assistance. In the pharmaceutical industry, AI accelerates drug discovery and development by identifying potential drug candidates and predicting their efficacy. Additionally, AI improves administrative efficiency and operational workflows in healthcare, streamlining processes and reducing costs. AI-powered remote monitoring and telehealth solutions expand access to healthcare, particularly in underserved areas. Challenges and Limitations Despite the significant promise of AI in healthcare, several challenges persist. Ensuring the reliability and consistency of AI-driven outcomes is crucial. Privacy and security concerns must be navigated carefully, particularly in handling sensitive patient data. Ethical considerations, including bias and fairness in AI algorithms, need to be addressed to prevent unintended consequences. Overcoming these challenges is critical for the ethical and successful integration of AI in healthcare. Conclusion The integration of AI into healthcare is advancing rapidly, offering substantial benefits in improving patient care and operational efficiency. However, addressing the associated challenges is essential to fully realize the transformative potential of AI in healthcare. Future efforts should focus on enhancing the reliability, transparency, and ethical standards of AI technologies to ensure they contribute positively to global health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Shang
- Guangdong Engineering Technological Research Centre of Clinical Molecular Diagnosis and Antibody Drugs, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Varun Chauhan
- Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, India
| | - Kirti Devi
- Department of Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sandip Patil
- Department Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Weatherall T, Avsar P, Nugent L, Moore Z, McDermott JH, Sreenan S, Wilson H, McEvoy NL, Derwin R, Chadwick P, Patton D. The impact of machine learning on the prediction of diabetic foot ulcers - A systematic review. J Tissue Viability 2024:S0965-206X(24)00109-8. [PMID: 39019690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, diabetes mellitus poses a significant health challenge as well as the associated complications of diabetes, such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). The early detection of DFUs is important in the healing process and machine learning may be able to help inform clinical staff during the treatment process. METHODS A PRISMA-informed search of the literature was completed via the Cochrane Library and MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, CINAHL Plus and Scopus databases for reports published in English and in the last ten years. The primary outcome of interest was the impact of machine learning on the prediction of DFUs. The secondary outcome was the statistical performance measures reported. Data were extracted using a predesigned data extraction tool. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the evidence-based librarianship critical appraisal tool. RESULTS A total of 18 reports met the inclusion criteria. Nine reports proposed models to identify two classes, either healthy skin or a DFU. Nine reports proposed models to predict the progress of DFUs, for example, classing infection versus non-infection, or using wound characteristics to predict healing. A variety of machine learning techniques were proposed. Where reported, sensitivity = 74.53-98 %, accuracy = 64.6-99.32 %, precision = 62.9-99 %, and the F-measure = 52.05-99.0 %. CONCLUSIONS A variety of machine learning models were suggested to successfully classify DFUs from healthy skin, or to inform the prediction of DFUs. The proposed machine learning models may have the potential to inform the clinical practice of managing DFUs and may help to improve outcomes for individuals with DFUs. Future research may benefit from the development of a standard device and algorithm that detects, diagnoses and predicts the progress of DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan Weatherall
- Skin Wounds and Trauma (SWaT) Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing and Midwifery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Pinar Avsar
- Skin Wounds and Trauma (SWaT) Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing and Midwifery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Linda Nugent
- Skin Wounds and Trauma (SWaT) Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing and Midwifery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Fakeeh College of Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zena Moore
- Skin Wounds and Trauma (SWaT) Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing and Midwifery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Fakeeh College of Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Lida Institute, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; University of Wales, Cardiff, UK; National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Wiser Wound Care, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
| | - John H McDermott
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Seamus Sreenan
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Hannah Wilson
- Skin Wounds and Trauma (SWaT) Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing and Midwifery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Natalie L McEvoy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Rosemarie Derwin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Paul Chadwick
- Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK; Spectral MD, London, UK.
| | - Declan Patton
- Skin Wounds and Trauma (SWaT) Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; School of Nursing and Midwifery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Fakeeh College of Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
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Mansoori A, Tanbakuchi D, Fallahi Z, Rezae FA, Vahabzadeh R, Soflaei SS, Sahebi R, Hashemzadeh F, Nikravesh S, Rajabalizadeh F, Ferns G, Esmaily H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Uric acid is associated with type 2 diabetes: data mining approaches. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:518-527. [PMID: 39101191 PMCID: PMC11291799 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-024-00701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Several blood biomarkers have been related to the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D); however, their predictive value has seldom been assessed using data mining algorithms. Methods This cohort study was conducted on 9704 participants recruited from the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic disorders (MASHAD) study from 2010 to 2020. Individuals who were not between the ages of 35 and 65 were excluded. Serum levels of biochemical factors such as creatinine (Cr), high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), Uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), direct and total bilirubin (BIL.D, BIL.T), lipid profile, besides body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and age were evaluated through Logistic Regression (LR) and Decision Tree (DT) methods to develop a predicting model for T2D. Results The comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic participants represented higher levels of triglyceride (TG), LDL, cholesterol, ALT, BIL.D, and Uric acid in diabetic cases (p-value < 0.05). The LR model indicated a significant association between TG, Uric acid, and hs-CRP, besides age, sex, WC, and blood pressure, hypertension and dyslipidemia history with T2D development. DT algorithm demonstrated dyslipidemia history as the most determining factor in T2D prediction, followed by age, hypertension history, Uric acid, and TG. Conclusion There was a significant association between hypertension and dyslipidemia history, TG, Uric acid, and hs-CRP with T2D development, along with age, WC, and blood pressure through the LR and DT methods. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mansoori
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Davoud Tanbakuchi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Fallahi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asgharian Rezae
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Vahabzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Paramedicine Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Saffar Soflaei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766 Iran
| | - Reza Sahebi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hashemzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Susan Nikravesh
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabalizadeh
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766 Iran
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Sang H, Lee H, Lee M, Park J, Kim S, Woo HG, Rahmati M, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Lee S, Hwang YC, Park TS, Lim H, Yon DK, Rhee SY. Prediction model for cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes using machine learning derived and validated in two independent Korean cohorts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14966. [PMID: 38942775 PMCID: PMC11213851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model tailored to the Korean population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to provide a superior method for predicting the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major chronic complication in these patients. We used data from two cohorts, namely the discovery (one hospital; n = 12,809) and validation (two hospitals; n = 2019) cohorts, recruited between 2008 and 2022. The outcome of interest was the presence or absence of CVD at 3 years. We selected various ML-based models with hyperparameter tuning in the discovery cohort and performed area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis in the validation cohort. CVD was observed in 1238 (10.2%) patients in the discovery cohort. The random forest (RF) model exhibited the best overall performance among the models, with an AUROC of 0.830 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.818-0.842) in the discovery dataset and 0.722 (95% CI 0.660-0.783) in the validation dataset. Creatinine and glycated hemoglobin levels were the most influential factors in the RF model. This study introduces a pioneering ML-based model for predicting CVD in Korean patients with T2DM, outperforming existing prediction tools and providing a groundbreaking approach for early personalized preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Sang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojae Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongcheol Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Geol Woo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sihoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - You-Cheol Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong and Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Sun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Mesquita F, Bernardino J, Henriques J, Raposo JF, Ribeiro RT, Paredes S. Machine learning techniques to predict the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy: a literature review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:825-839. [PMID: 38932857 PMCID: PMC11196462 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes is a major public health challenge with widespread prevalence, often leading to complications such as Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)-a chronic condition that progressively impairs kidney function. In this context, it is important to evaluate if Machine learning models can exploit the inherent temporal factor in clinical data to predict the risk of developing DN faster and more accurately than current clinical models. Methods Three different databases were used for this literature review: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Only articles written in English and published between January 2015 and December 2022 were included. Results We included 11 studies, from which we discuss a number of algorithms capable of extracting knowledge from clinical data, incorporating dynamic aspects in patient assessment, and exploring their evolution over time. We also present a comparison of the different approaches, their performance, advantages, disadvantages, interpretation, and the value that the time factor can bring to a more successful prediction of diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion Our analysis showed that some studies ignored the temporal factor, while others partially exploited it. Greater use of the temporal aspect inherent in Electronic Health Records (EHR) data, together with the integration of omics data, could lead to the development of more reliable and powerful predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Mesquita
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes - Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Bernardino
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes - Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Informatics and Systems of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Henriques
- Center for Informatics and Systems of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - JF. Raposo
- Education and Research Center, APDP Diabetes Portugal, Rua Do Salitre 118-120, 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - RT. Ribeiro
- Education and Research Center, APDP Diabetes Portugal, Rua Do Salitre 118-120, 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S. Paredes
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes - Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Informatics and Systems of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
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Deng C, Sun P, Yin X, Zou J, Wang W. Assessment of monthly runoff simulations based on a physics-informed machine learning framework: The effect of intermediate variables in its construction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121299. [PMID: 38830283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrological forecasting is of great importance for water resources management and planning, especially given the increasing occurrence of extreme events such as floods and droughts. The physics-informed machine learning (PIML) models effectively integrate conceptual hydrologic models with machine learning (ML) models. In this process, the intermediate variables of PIML models serve as bridges between inputs and outputs, while the impact of intermediate variables on the performance of PIML models remains unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, this study aims to encompass the construction of PIML models based on various hydrologic models, conduct comparative analyses of different intermediate variables based on a case study of 205 CAMELS basins, and further explore the relationship between the performance of PIML models and catchment characteristics. The optimal ML model for constructing PIML is first selected among four ML models within the 205 basins. The PIML models are then developed based on five monthly water balance models, namely TM, XM, MEP, SLM, and TVGM. To quantify the potential impact of difference in intermediate variables, two sets of experiments are further designed and performed, namely S1 with actual evapotranspiration as the intermediate variable and S2 with soil moisture as the intermediate variable. Results show that five PIML models generally outperformed the optimal standalone ML models, i.e., the Lasso model. Specifically, regardless of the choice of intermediate variables, the PIML-XM model consistently outperformed the other models within the same basins. Almost all constructed PIML models are affected by the intermediate variables in monthly runoff simulations. Typically, S1 exhibited better performance compared to S2. A greater impact of aridity index, forest fraction, and catchment area on model performance is observed in S2. These findings improve our understanding of constructing PIML models in hydrology by emphasizing their excellent performance in runoff simulations and highlighting the importance of intermediate variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Peiyuan Sun
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiacheng Zou
- Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring Center of Lower Ganjiang River, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Onakpojeruo EP, Mustapha MT, Ozsahin DU, Ozsahin I. A Comparative Analysis of the Novel Conditional Deep Convolutional Neural Network Model, Using Conditional Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network-Generated Synthetic and Augmented Brain Tumor Datasets for Image Classification. Brain Sci 2024; 14:559. [PMID: 38928561 PMCID: PMC11201720 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease prediction is greatly challenged by the scarcity of datasets and privacy concerns associated with real medical data. An approach that stands out to circumvent this hurdle is the use of synthetic data generated using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). GANs can increase data volume while generating synthetic datasets that have no direct link to personal information. This study pioneers the use of GANs to create synthetic datasets and datasets augmented using traditional augmentation techniques for our binary classification task. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of our novel Conditional Deep Convolutional Neural Network (C-DCNN) model in classifying brain tumors by leveraging these augmented and synthetic datasets. We utilized advanced GAN models, including Conditional Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN), to produce synthetic data that retained essential characteristics of the original datasets while ensuring privacy protection. Our C-DCNN model was trained on both augmented and synthetic datasets, and its performance was benchmarked against state-of-the-art models such as ResNet50, VGG16, VGG19, and InceptionV3. The evaluation metrics demonstrated that our C-DCNN model achieved accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of 99% on both synthetic and augmented images, outperforming the comparative models. The findings of this study highlight the potential of using GAN-generated synthetic data in enhancing the training of machine learning models for medical image classification, particularly in scenarios with limited data available. This approach not only improves model accuracy but also addresses privacy concerns, making it a viable solution for real-world clinical applications in disease prediction and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efe Precious Onakpojeruo
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mubarak Taiwo Mustapha
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey; (E.P.O.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey
| | - Ilker Ozsahin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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9
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Matboli M, Al-Amodi HS, Khaled A, Khaled R, Roushdy MMS, Ali M, Diab GI, Elnagar MF, Elmansy RA, TAhmed HH, Ahmed EME, Elzoghby DMA, M.Kamel HF, Farag MF, ELsawi HA, Farid LM, Abouelkhair MB, Habib EK, Fikry H, Saleh LA, Aboughaleb IH. Comprehensive machine learning models for predicting therapeutic targets in type 2 diabetes utilizing molecular and biochemical features in rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1384984. [PMID: 38854687 PMCID: PMC11157016 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1384984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is an urgent need to discover effective therapeutic targets for this complex condition. Coding and non-coding RNAs, with traditional biochemical parameters, have shown promise as viable targets for therapy. Machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as powerful tools for predicting drug responses. Method In this study, we developed an ML-based model to identify the most influential features for drug response in the treatment of type 2 diabetes using three medicinal plant-based drugs (Rosavin, Caffeic acid, and Isorhamnetin), and a probiotics drug (Z-biotic), at different doses. A hundred rats were randomly assigned to ten groups, including a normal group, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic group, and eight treated groups. Serum samples were collected for biochemical analysis, while liver tissues (L) and adipose tissues (A) underwent histopathological examination and molecular biomarker extraction using quantitative PCR. Utilizing five machine learning algorithms, we integrated 32 molecular features and 12 biochemical features to select the most predictive targets for each model and the combined model. Results and discussion Our results indicated that high doses of the selected drugs effectively mitigated liver inflammation, reduced insulin resistance, and improved lipid profiles and renal function biomarkers. The machine learning model identified 13 molecular features, 10 biochemical features, and 20 combined features with an accuracy of 80% and AUC (0.894, 0.93, and 0.896), respectively. This study presents an ML model that accurately identifies effective therapeutic targets implicated in the molecular pathways associated with T2DM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hiba S. Al-Amodi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman Khaled
- Bioinformatics Group, Center of Informatics Sciences (CIS), School of Information Technology and Computer Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa Khaled
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marian M. S. Roushdy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ali
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rasha A. Elmansy
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hagir H. TAhmed
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, AlNeelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Enshrah M. E. Ahmed
- Pathology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Gassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hala F. M.Kamel
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Farag
- Medical Physiology Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hind A. ELsawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr, Egypt
| | - Laila M. Farid
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman K. Habib
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Attaka, Suez Governorate, Egypt
| | - Heba Fikry
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna A. Saleh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Savvopoulos S, Hatzikirou H, Jelinek HF. Comparative Analysis of Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With and Without Comorbidities: Insights Into the Role of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease. Biomark Insights 2024; 19:11772719231222111. [PMID: 38707193 PMCID: PMC11069335 DOI: 10.1177/11772719231222111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are 90% of diabetes cases, and its prevalence and incidence, including comorbidities, are rising worldwide. Clinically, diabetes and associated comorbidities are identified by biochemical and physical characteristics including glycemia, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and tests for cardiovascular, eye and kidney disease. Objectives Diabetes may have a common etiology based on inflammation and oxidative stress that may provide additional information about disease progression and treatment options. Thus, identifying high-risk individuals can delay or prevent diabetes and its complications. Design In patients with or without hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as part of progression from no diabetes to T2DM, this research studied the changes in biomarkers between control and prediabetes, prediabetes to T2DM, and control to T2DM, and classified patients based on first-attendance data. Control patients and patients with hypertension, cardiovascular, and with both hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are 156, 148, 61, and 216, respectively. Methods Linear discriminant analysis is used for classification method and feature importance, This study examined the relationship between Humanin and mitochondrial protein (MOTSc), mitochondrial peptides associated with oxidative stress, diabetes progression, and associated complications. Results MOTSc, reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide ratio (GSH/GSSG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and 8-isoprostane were significant (P < .05) for the transition from prediabetes to t2dm, highlighting importance of mitochondrial involvement. complement component 5a (c5a) is a biomarker associated with disease progression and comorbidities, gsh gssg, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1), 8-isoprostane being most important biomarkers. Conclusions Comorbidities affect the hypothesized biomarkers as diabetes progresses. Mitochondrial oxidative stress indicators, coagulation, and inflammatory markers help assess diabetes disease development and provide appropriate medications. Future studies will examine longitudinal biomarker evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symeon Savvopoulos
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Herbert F Jelinek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biotechnology Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Jiang X, Yang D, Feng L, Zhu Y, Wang M, Feng Y, Bai C, Fang H. Contrastive learning with token projection for Omicron pneumonia identification from few-shot chest CT images. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1360143. [PMID: 38756944 PMCID: PMC11096503 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1360143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deep learning-based methods can promote and save critical time for the diagnosis of pneumonia from computed tomography (CT) images of the chest, where the methods usually rely on large amounts of labeled data to learn good visual representations. However, medical images are difficult to obtain and need to be labeled by professional radiologists. Methods To address this issue, a novel contrastive learning model with token projection, namely CoTP, is proposed for improving the diagnostic quality of few-shot chest CT images. Specifically, (1) we utilize solely unlabeled data for fitting CoTP, along with a small number of labeled samples for fine-tuning, (2) we present a new Omicron dataset and modify the data augmentation strategy, i.e., random Poisson noise perturbation for the CT interpretation task, and (3) token projection is utilized to further improve the quality of the global visual representations. Results The ResNet50 pre-trained by CoTP attained accuracy (ACC) of 92.35%, sensitivity (SEN) of 92.96%, precision (PRE) of 91.54%, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 98.90% on the presented Omicron dataset. On the contrary, the ResNet50 without pre-training achieved ACC, SEN, PRE, and AUC of 77.61, 77.90, 76.69, and 85.66%, respectively. Conclusion Extensive experiments reveal that a model pre-trained by CoTP greatly outperforms that without pre-training. The CoTP can improve the efficacy of diagnosis and reduce the heavy workload of radiologists for screening of Omicron pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoben Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Information Science and Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhou Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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12
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Eghbali-Zarch M, Masoud S. Application of machine learning in affordable and accessible insulin management for type 1 and 2 diabetes: A comprehensive review. Artif Intell Med 2024; 151:102868. [PMID: 38632030 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Proper insulin management is vital for maintaining stable blood sugar levels and preventing complications associated with diabetes. However, the soaring costs of insulin present significant challenges to ensuring affordable management. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of current literature on the application of machine learning (ML) in insulin management for diabetes patients, particularly focusing on enhancing affordability and accessibility within the United States. The review encompasses various facets of insulin management, including dosage calculation and response, prediction of blood glucose and insulin sensitivity, initial insulin estimation, resistance prediction, treatment adherence, complications, hypoglycemia prediction, and lifestyle modifications. Additionally, the study identifies key limitations in the utilization of ML within the insulin management literature and suggests future research directions aimed at furthering accessible and affordable insulin treatments. These proposed directions include exploring insurance coverage, optimizing insulin type selection, assessing the impact of biosimilar insulin and market competition, considering mental health factors, evaluating insulin delivery options, addressing cost-related issues affecting insulin usage and adherence, and selecting appropriate patient cost-sharing programs. By examining the potential of ML in addressing insulin management affordability and accessibility, this work aims to envision improved and cost-effective insulin management practices. It not only highlights existing research gaps but also offers insights into future directions, guiding the development of innovative solutions that have the potential to revolutionize insulin management and benefit patients reliant on this life-saving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Eghbali-Zarch
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Sara Masoud
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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13
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Seyedtabib M, Najafi-Vosough R, Kamyari N. The predictive power of data: machine learning analysis for Covid-19 mortality based on personal, clinical, preclinical, and laboratory variables in a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:411. [PMID: 38637727 PMCID: PMC11025285 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented public health challenges worldwide. Understanding the factors contributing to COVID-19 mortality is critical for effective management and intervention strategies. This study aims to unlock the predictive power of data collected from personal, clinical, preclinical, and laboratory variables through machine learning (ML) analyses. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in 2022 in a large hospital in Abadan, Iran. Data were collected and categorized into demographic, clinical, comorbid, treatment, initial vital signs, symptoms, and laboratory test groups. The collected data were subjected to ML analysis to identify predictive factors associated with COVID-19 mortality. Five algorithms were used to analyze the data set and derive the latent predictive power of the variables by the shapely additive explanation values. RESULTS Results highlight key factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, including age, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes), specific treatments (antibiotics, remdesivir, favipiravir, vitamin zinc), and clinical indicators (heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature). Notably, specific symptoms (productive cough, dyspnea, delirium) and laboratory values (D-dimer, ESR) also play a critical role in predicting outcomes. This study highlights the importance of feature selection and the impact of data quantity and quality on model performance. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of ML analysis to improve the accuracy of COVID-19 mortality prediction and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach that considers multiple feature categories. It highlights the critical role of data quality and quantity in improving model performance and contributes to our understanding of the multifaceted factors that influence COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seyedtabib
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roya Najafi-Vosough
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Naser Kamyari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
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14
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Salehi AR, Khedmati M. A cluster-based SMOTE both-sampling (CSBBoost) ensemble algorithm for classifying imbalanced data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5152. [PMID: 38431701 PMCID: PMC10908853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a Cluster-based Synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) Both-sampling (CSBBoost) ensemble algorithm is proposed for classifying imbalanced data. In this algorithm, a combination of over-sampling, under-sampling, and different ensemble algorithms, including Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest, and bagging, is employed in order to achieve a balanced dataset and address the issues including redundancy of data after over-sampling, information loss in under-sampling, and random sample selection for sampling and sample generation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared to different state-of-the-art competing algorithms based on 20 benchmark imbalanced datasets in terms of the harmonic mean of precision and recall (F1) and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) measures. Based on the results, the proposed CSBBoost algorithm performs significantly better than the competing algorithms. In addition, a real-world dataset is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Salehi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 9414 Azadi Ave, P.O. Box 11155, Tehran, 1458889694, Iran
| | - Majid Khedmati
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 9414 Azadi Ave, P.O. Box 11155, Tehran, 1458889694, Iran.
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15
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Shiren Y, Jiangnan Y, Xinhua Y, Xinye N. Interpretable prediction model for assessing diabetes complication risks in Chinese sufferers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 209:111560. [PMID: 38316188 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS With growing concerns over complications in diabetes sufferers, this study sought to develop an interpretable machine learning model to offer enhanced diagnostic and treatment recommendations. METHODS We assessed coronary heart disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and fatty liver disease using logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and CatBoost algorithms. The SHAP algorithm was employed to elucidate the model's predictions, offering a more in-depth understanding of influential features. RESULTS The CatBoost model notably outperformed other algorithms in AUC, achieving an average AUC of 90.47 % for the four complications. Through SHAP analysis and visualization, we provided clear and actionable insights into risk factors, enabling better complication risk assessment. CONCLUSIONS We introduced an innovative, interpretable complication risk model for people with diabetes. This not only offers a potent tool for healthcare professionals but also empowers sufferers with clearer self-assessment capabilities, encouraging earlier preventive actions. Further studies will underscore the model's clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Shiren
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Ye Jiangnan
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ye Xinhua
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ni Xinye
- Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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16
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Tripathi T, Singh DB, Tripathi T. Computational resources and chemoinformatics for translational health research. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 139:27-55. [PMID: 38448138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The integration of computational resources and chemoinformatics has revolutionized translational health research. It has offered a powerful set of tools for accelerating drug discovery. This chapter overviews the computational resources and chemoinformatics methods used in translational health research. The resources and methods can be used to analyze large datasets, identify potential drug candidates, predict drug-target interactions, and optimize treatment regimens. These resources have the potential to transform the drug discovery process and foster personalized medicine research. We discuss insights into their various applications in translational health and emphasize the need for addressing challenges, promoting collaboration, and advancing the field to fully realize the potential of these tools in transforming healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Dev Bukhsh Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, Siddharth Nagar, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
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17
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Aldaghi T, Muzik J. Multicriteria Decision-Making in Diabetes Management and Decision Support: Systematic Review. JMIR Med Inform 2024; 12:e47701. [PMID: 38300703 PMCID: PMC10870205 DOI: 10.2196/47701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing among adults and children around the world. Diabetes care is complex; examining the diet, type of medication, diabetes recognition, and willingness to use self-management tools are just a few of the challenges faced by diabetes clinicians who should make decisions about them. Making the appropriate decisions will reduce the cost of treatment, decrease the mortality rate of diabetes, and improve the life quality of patients with diabetes. Effective decision-making is within the realm of multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. OBJECTIVE The central objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of MCDM methods and then introduce a novel categorization framework for their use in this field. METHODS The literature search was focused on publications from 2003 to 2023. Finally, by applying the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method, 63 articles were selected and examined. RESULTS The findings reveal that the use of MCDM methods in diabetes research can be categorized into 6 distinct groups: the selection of diabetes medications (19 publications), diabetes diagnosis (12 publications), meal recommendations (8 publications), diabetes management (14 publications), diabetes complication (7 publications), and estimation of diabetes prevalence (3 publications). CONCLUSIONS Our review showed a significant portion of the MCDM literature on diabetes. The research highlights the benefits of using MCDM techniques, which are practical and effective for a variety of diabetes challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Aldaghi
- Spin-off Companies and Research Results Commercialization Center, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Muzik
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies in Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Zrubka Z, Kertész G, Gulácsi L, Czere J, Hölgyesi Á, Nezhad HM, Mosavi A, Kovács L, Butte AJ, Péntek M. The Reporting Quality of Machine Learning Studies on Pediatric Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e47430. [PMID: 38241075 PMCID: PMC10837761 DOI: 10.2196/47430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health concern among children with the widespread adoption of advanced technologies. However, concerns are growing about the transparency, replicability, biasedness, and overall validity of artificial intelligence studies in medicine. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review the reporting quality of machine learning (ML) studies of pediatric DM using the Minimum Information About Clinical Artificial Intelligence Modelling (MI-CLAIM) checklist, a general reporting guideline for medical artificial intelligence studies. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases from 2016 to 2020. Studies were included if the use of ML was reported in children with DM aged 2 to 18 years, including studies on complications, screening studies, and in silico samples. In studies following the ML workflow of training, validation, and testing of results, reporting quality was assessed via MI-CLAIM by consensus judgments of independent reviewer pairs. Positive answers to the 17 binary items regarding sufficient reporting were qualitatively summarized and counted as a proxy measure of reporting quality. The synthesis of results included testing the association of reporting quality with publication and data type, participants (human or in silico), research goals, level of code sharing, and the scientific field of publication (medical or engineering), as well as with expert judgments of clinical impact and reproducibility. RESULTS After screening 1043 records, 28 studies were included. The sample size of the training cohort ranged from 5 to 561. Six studies featured only in silico patients. The reporting quality was low, with great variation among the 21 studies assessed using MI-CLAIM. The number of items with sufficient reporting ranged from 4 to 12 (mean 7.43, SD 2.62). The items on research questions and data characterization were reported adequately most often, whereas items on patient characteristics and model examination were reported adequately least often. The representativeness of the training and test cohorts to real-world settings and the adequacy of model performance evaluation were the most difficult to judge. Reporting quality improved over time (r=0.50; P=.02); it was higher than average in prognostic biomarker and risk factor studies (P=.04) and lower in noninvasive hypoglycemia detection studies (P=.006), higher in studies published in medical versus engineering journals (P=.004), and higher in studies sharing any code of the ML pipeline versus not sharing (P=.003). The association between expert judgments and MI-CLAIM ratings was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The reporting quality of ML studies in the pediatric population with DM was generally low. Important details for clinicians, such as patient characteristics; comparison with the state-of-the-art solution; and model examination for valid, unbiased, and robust results, were often the weak points of reporting. To assess their clinical utility, the reporting standards of ML studies must evolve, and algorithms for this challenging population must become more transparent and replicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Zrubka
- HECON Health Economics Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kertész
- John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Gulácsi
- HECON Health Economics Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Czere
- Doctoral School of Innovation Management, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Hölgyesi
- HECON Health Economics Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hossein Motahari Nezhad
- HECON Health Economics Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Business and Management, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amir Mosavi
- John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- Physiological Controls Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Atul J Butte
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Márta Péntek
- HECON Health Economics Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
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Jacobs PG, Herrero P, Facchinetti A, Vehi J, Kovatchev B, Breton MD, Cinar A, Nikita KS, Doyle FJ, Bondia J, Battelino T, Castle JR, Zarkogianni K, Narayan R, Mosquera-Lopez C. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Improving Glycemic Control in Diabetes: Best Practices, Pitfalls, and Opportunities. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 17:19-41. [PMID: 37943654 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2023.3331297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Artificial intelligence and machine learning are transforming many fields including medicine. In diabetes, robust biosensing technologies and automated insulin delivery therapies have created a substantial opportunity to improve health. While the number of manuscripts addressing the topic of applying machine learning to diabetes has grown in recent years, there has been a lack of consistency in the methods, metrics, and data used to train and evaluate these algorithms. This manuscript provides consensus guidelines for machine learning practitioners in the field of diabetes, including best practice recommended approaches and warnings about pitfalls to avoid. METHODS Algorithmic approaches are reviewed and benefits of different algorithms are discussed including importance of clinical accuracy, explainability, interpretability, and personalization. We review the most common features used in machine learning applications in diabetes glucose control and provide an open-source library of functions for calculating features, as well as a framework for specifying data sets using data sheets. A review of current data sets available for training algorithms is provided as well as an online repository of data sources. SIGNIFICANCE These consensus guidelines are designed to improve performance and translatability of new machine learning algorithms developed in the field of diabetes for engineers and data scientists.
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Khan N, Raza MA, Mirjat NH, Balouch N, Abbas G, Yousef A, Touti E. Unveiling the predictive power: a comprehensive study of machine learning model for anticipating chronic kidney disease. Front Artif Intell 2024; 6:1339988. [PMID: 38259821 PMCID: PMC10801895 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1339988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In today's modern era, chronic kidney disease stands as a significantly grave ailment that detrimentally impacts human life. This issue is progressively escalating in both developed and developing nations. Precise and timely identification of chronic kidney disease is imperative for the prevention and management of kidney failure. Historical methods of diagnosing chronic kidney disease have often been deemed unreliable on several fronts. To distinguish between healthy individuals and those afflicted by chronic kidney disease, dependable and effective non-invasive techniques such as machine learning models have been adopted. In our ongoing research, we employ various machine learning models, encompassing logistic regression, random forest, decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, and support vector machine utilizing four kernel functions (linear, Laplacian, Bessel, and radial basis kernels), to forecast chronic kidney disease. The dataset used constitutes records from a case-control study involving chronic kidney disease patients in district Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For comparative evaluation of the models in terms of classification and accuracy, diverse performance metrics, including accuracy, Brier score, sensitivity, Youden's index, and F1 score, were computed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitasha Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Nazeer Hussain University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amir Raza
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Nayyar Hussain Mirjat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Neelam Balouch
- Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amr Yousef
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Engineering Mathematics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ezzeddine Touti
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Shojaee-Mend H, Velayati F, Tayefi B, Babaee E. Prediction of Diabetes Using Data Mining and Machine Learning Algorithms: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthc Inform Res 2024; 30:73-82. [PMID: 38359851 PMCID: PMC10879823 DOI: 10.4258/hir.2024.30.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a model to predict fasting blood glucose status using machine learning and data mining, since the early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes can improve outcomes and quality of life. METHODS This crosssectional study analyzed data from 3376 adults over 30 years old at 16 comprehensive health service centers in Tehran, Iran who participated in a diabetes screening program. The dataset was balanced using random sampling and the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE). The dataset was split into training set (80%) and test set (20%). Shapley values were calculated to select the most important features. Noise analysis was performed by adding Gaussian noise to the numerical features to evaluate the robustness of feature importance. Five different machine learning algorithms, including CatBoost, random forest, XGBoost, logistic regression, and an artificial neural network, were used to model the dataset. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, the F1-score, and the area under the curve were used to evaluate the model. RESULTS Age, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure were the most important factors for predicting fasting blood glucose status. Though the models achieved similar predictive ability, the CatBoost model performed slightly better overall with 0.737 area under the curve (AUC). CONCLUSIONS A gradient boosted decision tree model accurately identified the most important risk factors related to diabetes. Age, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure were the most important risk factors for diabetes, respectively. This model can support planning for diabetes management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shojaee-Mend
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad,
Iran
| | - Farnia Velayati
- Telemedicine Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Batool Tayefi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ebrahim Babaee
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Vaccine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
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22
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Thakur D, Gera T, Bhardwaj V, AlZubi AA, Ali F, Singh J. An enhanced diabetes prediction amidst COVID-19 using ensemble models. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1331517. [PMID: 38155892 PMCID: PMC10754515 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1331517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the contemporary landscape of healthcare, the early and accurate prediction of diabetes has garnered paramount importance, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic where individuals with diabetes exhibit increased vulnerability. This research embarked on a mission to enhance diabetes prediction by employing state-of-the-art machine learning techniques. Initial evaluations highlighted the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier as a promising candidate with an accuracy of 76.62%. To further optimize predictions, the study delved into advanced feature engineering techniques, generating interaction and polynomial features that unearthed hidden patterns in the data. Subsequent correlation analyses, visualized through heatmaps, revealed significant correlations, especially with attributes like Glucose. By integrating the strengths of Decision Trees, Gradient Boosting, and SVM in an ensemble model, we achieved an accuracy of 93.2%, showcasing the potential of harmonizing diverse algorithms. This research offers a robust blueprint for diabetes prediction, holding profound implications for early diagnosis, personalized treatments, and preventive care in the context of global health challenges and with the goal of increasing life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Thakur
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tanya Gera
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Bhardwaj
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan
| | - Ahmad Ali AlZubi
- Department of Computer Science, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Convergence, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaiteg Singh
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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23
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F de Carvalho D, Kaymak U, Van Gorp P, van Riel N. Data-driven meal events detection using blood glucose response patterns. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:282. [PMID: 38066494 PMCID: PMC10709931 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Diabetes domain, events such as meals and exercises play an important role in the disease management. For that, many studies focus on automatic meal detection, specially as part of the so-called artificial [Formula: see text]-cell systems. Meals are associated to blood glucose (BG) variations, however such variations are not peculiar to meals, it mostly comes as a combination of external factors. Thus, general approaches such as the ones focused on glucose signal rate of change are not enough to detect personalized influence of such factors. By using a data-driven individualized approach for meal detection, our method is able to fit real data, detecting personalized meal responses even when such external factors are implicitly present. METHODS The method is split into model training and selection. In the training phase, we start observing meal responses for each individual, and identifying personalized patterns. Occurrences of such patterns are searched over the BG signal, evaluating the similarity of each pattern to each possible signal subsequence. The most similar occurrences are then selected as possible meal event candidates. For that, we include steps for excluding less relevant neighbors per pattern, and grouping close occurrences in time globally. Each candidate is represented by a set of time and response signal related qualitative variables. These variables are used as input features for different binary classifiers in order to learn to classify a candidate as MEAL or NON-MEAL. In the model selection phase, we compare all trained classifiers to select the one that performs better with the data of each individual. RESULTS The results show that the method is able to detect daily meals, providing a result with a balanced proportion between detected meals and false alarms. The analysis on multiple patients indicate that the approach achieves good outcomes when there is enough reliable training data, as this is reflected on the testing results. CONCLUSIONS The approach aims at personalizing the meal detection task by relying solely on data. The premise is that a model trained with data that contains the implicit influence of external factors is able to recognize the nuances of the individual that generated the data. Besides, the approach can also be used to improve data quality by detecting meals, opening opportunities to possible applications such as detecting and reminding users of missing or wrongly informed meal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo F de Carvalho
- Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Uzay Kaymak
- Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Van Gorp
- Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natal van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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24
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Sampa MB, Biswas T, Rahman MS, Aziz NHBA, Hossain MN, Aziz NAA. A Machine Learning Web App to Predict Diabetic Blood Glucose Based on a Basic Noninvasive Health Checkup, Sociodemographic Characteristics, and Dietary Information: Case Study. JMIR Diabetes 2023; 8:e49113. [PMID: 37999944 DOI: 10.2196/49113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, diabetes has become a serious public health concern worldwide, particularly in Bangladesh. The advancement of artificial intelligence can be reaped in the prediction of blood glucose levels for better health management. However, the practical validity of machine learning (ML) techniques for predicting health parameters using data from low- and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh, is very low. Specifically, Bangladesh lacks research using ML techniques to predict blood glucose levels based on basic noninvasive clinical measurements and dietary and sociodemographic information. OBJECTIVE To formulate strategies for public health planning and the control of diabetes, this study aimed to develop a personalized ML model that predicts the blood glucose level of urban corporate workers in Bangladesh. METHODS Based on the basic noninvasive health checkup test results, dietary information, and sociodemographic characteristics of 271 employees of the Bangladeshi Grameen Bank complex, 5 well-known ML models, namely, linear regression, boosted decision tree regression, neural network, decision forest regression, and Bayesian linear regression, were used to predict blood glucose levels. Continuous blood glucose data were used in this study to train the model, which then used the trained data to predict new blood glucose values. RESULTS Boosted decision tree regression demonstrated the greatest predictive performance of all evaluated models (root mean squared error=2.30). This means that, on average, our model's predicted blood glucose level deviated from the actual blood glucose level by around 2.30 mg/dL. The mean blood glucose value of the population studied was 128.02 mg/dL (SD 56.92), indicating a borderline result for the majority of the samples (normal value: 140 mg/dL). This suggests that the individuals should be monitoring their blood glucose levels regularly. CONCLUSIONS This ML-enabled web application for blood glucose prediction helps individuals to self-monitor their health condition. The application was developed with communities in remote areas of low- and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh, in mind. These areas typically lack health facilities and have an insufficient number of qualified doctors and nurses. The web-based application is a simple, practical, and effective solution that can be adopted by the community. Use of the web application can save money on medical expenses, time, and health management expenses. The created system also aids in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in ensuring that everyone in the community enjoys good health and well-being and lowering total morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuda Begum Sampa
- Center for Engineering Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Topu Biswas
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Siddikur Rahman
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Nor Hidayati Binti Abdul Aziz
- Center for Engineering Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Md Nazmul Hossain
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nor Azlina Ab Aziz
- Center for Engineering Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
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25
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Reshan MSA, Amin S, Zeb MA, Sulaiman A, Alshahrani H, Azar AT, Shaikh A. Enhancing Breast Cancer Detection and Classification Using Advanced Multi-Model Features and Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2093. [PMID: 37895474 PMCID: PMC10608611 DOI: 10.3390/life13102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women, making it essential to have an accurate and dependable system for diagnosing benign or malignant tumors. It is essential to detect this cancer early in order to inform subsequent treatments. Currently, fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and machine learning (ML) models can be used to detect and diagnose this cancer more accurately. Consequently, an effective and dependable approach needs to be developed to enhance the clinical capacity to diagnose this illness. This study aims to detect and divide BC into two categories using the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) benchmark feature set and to select the fewest features to attain the highest accuracy. To this end, this study explores automated BC prediction using multi-model features and ensemble machine learning (EML) techniques. To achieve this, we propose an advanced ensemble technique, which incorporates voting, bagging, stacking, and boosting as combination techniques for the classifier in the proposed EML methods to distinguish benign breast tumors from malignant cancers. In the feature extraction process, we suggest a recursive feature elimination technique to find the most important features of the WDBC that are pertinent to BC detection and classification. Furthermore, we conducted cross-validation experiments, and the comparative results demonstrated that our method can effectively enhance classification performance and attain the highest value in six evaluation metrics, including precision, sensitivity, area under the curve (AUC), specificity, accuracy, and F1-score. Overall, the stacking model achieved the best average accuracy, at 99.89%, and its sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, precision, and AUC/ROC were 1.00%, 0.999%, 1.00%, 1.00%, and 1.00%, respectively, thus generating excellent results. The findings of this study can be used to establish a reliable clinical detection system, enabling experts to make more precise and operative decisions in the future. Additionally, the proposed technology might be used to detect a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Saleh Al Reshan
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Samina Amin
- Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Zeb
- Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Adel Sulaiman
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Hani Alshahrani
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Ahmad Taher Azar
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Automated Systems and Soft Computing Lab (ASSCL), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asadullah Shaikh
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.R.); (A.S.)
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26
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Zhu T, Li K, Herrero P, Georgiou P. GluGAN: Generating Personalized Glucose Time Series Using Generative Adversarial Networks. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; 27:5122-5133. [PMID: 37134028 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3271615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Time series data generated by continuous glucose monitoring sensors offer unparalleled opportunities for developing data-driven approaches, especially deep learning-based models, in diabetes management. Although these approaches have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various fields such as glucose prediction in type 1 diabetes (T1D), challenges remain in the acquisition of large-scale individual data for personalized modeling due to the elevated cost of clinical trials and data privacy regulations. In this work, we introduce GluGAN, a framework specifically designed for generating personalized glucose time series based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). Employing recurrent neural network (RNN) modules, the proposed framework uses a combination of unsupervised and supervised training to learn temporal dynamics in latent spaces. Aiming to assess the quality of synthetic data, we apply clinical metrics, distance scores, and discriminative and predictive scores computed by post-hoc RNNs in evaluation. Across three clinical datasets with 47 T1D subjects (including one publicly available and two proprietary datasets), GluGAN achieved better performance for all the considered metrics when compared with four baseline GAN models. The performance of data augmentation is evaluated by three machine learning-based glucose predictors. Using the training sets augmented by GluGAN significantly reduced the root mean square error for the predictors over 30 and 60-minute horizons. The results suggest that GluGAN is an effective method in generating high-quality synthetic glucose time series and has the potential to be used for evaluating the effectiveness of automated insulin delivery algorithms and as a digital twin to substitute for pre-clinical trials.
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27
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Kotanidou EP, Kosvyra A, Mouzaki K, Giza S, Tsinopoulou VR, Serbis A, Chouvarda I, Galli-Tsinopoulou A. Methylation haplotypes of the insulin gene promoter in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Can a dimensionality reduction approach predict the disease? Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:461. [PMID: 37664671 PMCID: PMC10469396 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation of cytosine-guanine sites (CpGs) is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The sequence of methylated and non-methylated sites in a specific genetic region constitutes its methyl-haplotype. The aim of the present study was to identify insulin gene promoter (IGP) methyl-haplotypes among children and adolescents with T1D and suggest a predictive model for the discrimination of cases and controls according to methyl-haplotypes. A total of 40 individuals (20 T1D) participated. The IGP region from peripheral whole blood DNA of 40 participants (20 T1D) was sequenced using next-generation sequencing, sequences were read using FASTQ files and methylation status was calculated by python-based pipeline for targeted deep bisulfite sequenced amplicons (ampliMethProfiler). Methylation profile at 10 CpG sites proximal to transcription start site of the IGP was recorded and coded as 0 for unmethylation or 1 for methylation. A single read could result in '1111111111' methyl-haplotype (all methylated), '000000000' methyl-haplotype (all unmethylated) or any other combination. Principal component analysis was applied to the generated methyl-haplotypes for dimensionality reduction, and the first three principal components were employed as features with five different classifiers (random forest, decision tree, logistic regression, Naive Bayes, support vector machine). Naive Bayes was the best-performing classifier, with 0.9 accuracy. Predictive models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (AUC 0.96). Methyl-haplotypes '1111111111', '1111111011', '1110111111', '1111101111' and '1110101111' were revealed to be the most significantly associated with T1D according to the dimensionality reduction method. Methylation-based biomarkers such as IGP methyl-haplotypes could serve to identify individuals at high risk for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni P. Kotanidou
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Kosvyra
- Laboratory of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Mouzaki
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Styliani Giza
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Serbis
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chouvarda
- Laboratory of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jiang L, Xia Z, Zhu R, Gong H, Wang J, Li J, Wang L. Diabetes risk prediction model based on community follow-up data using machine learning. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102358. [PMID: 37654514 PMCID: PMC10465943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, the follow-up management of diabetes patients is mostly in the community, but the relationship between key lifestyle indicators in community follow-up and the risk of diabetes is unclear. In order to explore the association between key life characteristic indicators of community follow-up and the risk of diabetes, 252,176 follow-up records of people with diabetes patients from 2016 to 2023 were obtained from Haizhu District, Guangzhou. According to the follow-up data, the key life characteristic indicators that affect diabetes are determined, and the optimal feature subset is obtained through feature selection technology to accurately assess the risk of diabetes. A diabetes risk assessment model based on a random forest classifier was designed, which used optimal feature parameter selection and algorithm model comparison, with an accuracy of 91.24% and an AUC corresponding to the ROC curve of 97%. In order to improve the applicability of the model in clinical and real life, a diabetes risk score card was designed and tested using the original data, the accuracy was 95.15%, and the model reliability was high. The diabetes risk prediction model based on community follow-up big data mining can be used for large-scale risk screening and early warning by community doctors based on patient follow-up data, further promoting diabetes prevention and control strategies, and can also be used for wearable devices or intelligent biosensors for individual patient self examination, in order to improve lifestyle and reduce risk factor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Jiang
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, State Key Lab of Marine Resource Utilisation in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenhua Xia
- Electronics & Information School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ronghui Zhu
- Shenzhen Nanshan Medical Group HQ, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haimei Gong
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, State Key Lab of Marine Resource Utilisation in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- E-link Wisdom Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Li
- Haizhu District Community Health Development Guidance Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, State Key Lab of Marine Resource Utilisation in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Abdulazeem H, Whitelaw S, Schauberger G, Klug SJ. A systematic review of clinical health conditions predicted by machine learning diagnostic and prognostic models trained or validated using real-world primary health care data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274276. [PMID: 37682909 PMCID: PMC10491005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advances in technology and data science, machine learning (ML) is being rapidly adopted by the health care sector. However, there is a lack of literature addressing the health conditions targeted by the ML prediction models within primary health care (PHC) to date. To fill this gap in knowledge, we conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines to identify health conditions targeted by ML in PHC. We searched the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, BioRxiv, Association of Computing Machinery (ACM), and IEEE Xplore databases for studies published from January 1990 to January 2022. We included primary studies addressing ML diagnostic or prognostic predictive models that were supplied completely or partially by real-world PHC data. Studies selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the prediction model study risk of bias assessment tool were performed by two investigators. Health conditions were categorized according to international classification of diseases (ICD-10). Extracted data were analyzed quantitatively. We identified 106 studies investigating 42 health conditions. These studies included 207 ML prediction models supplied by the PHC data of 24.2 million participants from 19 countries. We found that 92.4% of the studies were retrospective and 77.3% of the studies reported diagnostic predictive ML models. A majority (76.4%) of all the studies were for models' development without conducting external validation. Risk of bias assessment revealed that 90.8% of the studies were of high or unclear risk of bias. The most frequently reported health conditions were diabetes mellitus (19.8%) and Alzheimer's disease (11.3%). Our study provides a summary on the presently available ML prediction models within PHC. We draw the attention of digital health policy makers, ML models developer, and health care professionals for more future interdisciplinary research collaboration in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah Abdulazeem
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sera Whitelaw
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gunther Schauberger
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie J. Klug
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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30
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Kaur M, Misra S, Swarnkar P, Patel P, Das Kurmi B, Das Gupta G, Singh A. Understanding the role of hyperglycemia and the molecular mechanism associated with diabetic neuropathy and possible therapeutic strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115723. [PMID: 37536473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a neuro-degenerative disorder that encompasses numerous factors that impact peripheral nerves in the context of diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is very prevalent and impacts 50% of diabetic patients. DPN is a length-dependent peripheral nerve lesion that primarily causes distal sensory loss, discomfort, and foot ulceration that may lead to amputation. The pathophysiology is yet to be fully understood, but current literature on the pathophysiology of DPN revolves around understanding various signaling cascades involving the polyol, hexosamine, protein-kinase C, AGE, oxidative stress, and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase pathways. The results of research have suggested that hyperglycemia target Schwann cells and in severe cases, demyelination resulting in central and peripheral sensitization is evident in diabetic patients. Various diagnostic approaches are available, but detection at an early stage remains a challenge. Traditional analgesics and opioids that can be used "as required" have not been the mainstay of treatment thus far. Instead, anticonvulsants and antidepressants that must be taken routinely over time have been the most common treatments. For now, prolonging life and preserving the quality of life are the ultimate goals of diabetes treatment. Furthermore, the rising prevalence of DPN has substantial consequences for occupational therapy because such therapy is necessary for supporting wellness, warding off other chronic-diseases, and avoiding the development of a disability; this is accomplished by engaging in fulfilling activities like yoga, meditation, and physical exercise. Therefore, occupational therapy, along with palliative therapy, may prove to be crucial in halting the onset of neuropathic-symptoms and in lessening those symptoms once they have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sakshi Misra
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga142001, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Swarnkar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga142001, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga142001, Punjab, India.
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Prasad BVVS, Gupta S, Borah N, Dineshkumar R, Lautre HK, Mouleswararao B. Predicting diabetes with multivariate analysis an innovative KNN-based classifier approach. Prev Med 2023; 174:107619. [PMID: 37451552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes seems to be a severe protracted disease or combination of biochemical disorders. A person's blood glucose (BG) levels remain elevated for an extended period because tissues lack and non-reaction to hormones. Such conditions are also causing longer-term obstacles or serious health issues. The medical field handles a large amount of very delicate data that must be handled properly. K-Nearest Neighbourhood (KNN) seems to be a common and straightforward ML method for creating illness threat prognosis models based on pertinent clinical information. We provide an adaptable neuro-fuzzy inference K-Nearest Neighbourhood (AF-KNN) learning-dependent forecasting system relying on patients' behavioural traits in several aspects to obtain our aim. That method identifies the best proportion of neighborhoods having a reduced inaccuracy risk to improve the predicting performance of the final system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V V Siva Prasad
- Department of CSE (School of Engineering), Anurag University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Sapna Gupta
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Jain (Deemed to be university) Bangalore, India
| | - Naiwrita Borah
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Jain (Deemed to be university) Bangalore, India
| | - R Dineshkumar
- Department of ECE, Saveetha school of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Hitendra Kumar Lautre
- Department of chemistry, BYOS SCIENTIFIC LAB, Mowa Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492007, India
| | - B Mouleswararao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur Dist, AP, India.
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Abegaz TM, Baljoon A, Kilanko O, Sherbeny F, Ali AA. Machine learning algorithms to predict major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107289. [PMID: 37557056 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) are common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that include myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF). The objective of the current study was to predict MACE among T2DM patients. METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients above 18 years old were recruited for the study from the All of Us Research Program. Eligible participants were those who took sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Different Machine learning algorithms: including RandomForest (RF), XGBoost, logistic regression (LR), and weighted ensemble model (WEM) were employed. Clinical attributes, electrolytes and biomarkers were explored in predicting MACE. The feature importance was determined using mean decrease accuracy. RESULTS Overall, 9, 059 subjects were included in the analyses, of which 5197 (57.4%) were females. The XGBoost Model demonstrated a prediction accuracy of 0.80 [0.78-0.82], which is higher as compared to the RF 0.78[0.76-0.80], the LR model 0.65 [0.62-0.67], and the WEM 0.75 [0.73-0.76], respectively. The classification accuracy of the models for stroke was more than 95%, which was higher than prediction accuracy for MI (∼85%), and HF (∼80%). Phosphate, blood urea nitrogen and troponin levels were the major predictors of MACE. CONCLUSION The ML models had shown acceptable performance in predicting MACE in T2DM patients, except the LR model. Phosphate, blood urea nitrogen, and other electrolytes were important predictors of MACE, which is consistent between the individual components of MACE, such as stroke, MI, and HF. These parameters can be calibrated as prognostic parameters of MACE events in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse M Abegaz
- Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Ahmead Baljoon
- Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Kilanko
- Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Fatimah Sherbeny
- Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Askal Ayalew Ali
- Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA.
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Wang S, Chen R, Wang S, Kong D, Cao R, Lin C, Luo L, Huang J, Zhang Q, Yu H, Ding YL. Comparative study on risk prediction model of type 2 diabetes based on machine learning theory: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069018. [PMID: 37643856 PMCID: PMC10465890 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the prediction effects of six models based on machine learning theories, which can provide a methodological reference for predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This study was based on the monitoring data of chronic disease risk factors in Dongguan residents from 2016 to 2018. The multistage cluster random sampling method was adopted at each monitoring site, and 4157 people were finally selected. In the initial population, we excluded individuals with more than 20% missing data and eventually included 4106 subjects. DESIGN K nearest neighbour algorithm and synthetic minority oversampling technique were used to process the data. Single factor analysis was used for preliminary selection of variables. The 10-fold cross-validation was used to optimise the parameters of some models. The accuracy, precision, recall and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the prediction effect of models, and Delong test was used to analyse the differences of AUC values of each model. RESULTS After balancing data, the sample size increased to 8013, of which 4023 are patients with T2DM and 3990 in control group. The comparison results of the six models showed that back propagation neural network model has the best prediction effect with 93.7% accuracy, 94.6% accuracy, 92.8% recall and the AUC value of 0.977, followed by logistic model, support vector machine model, CART decision tree model and C4.5 decision tree model. Deep neural network has the worst prediction performance, with 84.5% accuracy, 86.1% precision, 82.9% recall and the AUC value of 0.845. CONCLUSIONS In this study, six types of risk prediction models for T2DM were constructed, and the predictive effects of these models were compared based on various indicators. The results showed that back propagation neural network based on the selected data set had the best prediction effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Danli Kong
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Rudai Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunwen Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoli Zhang
- Preventive Medicine and Hygienics, Dongguan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Dongguan Municipal Health Bureau, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Lin Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Ordoñez-Guillen NE, Gonzalez-Compean JL, Lopez-Arevalo I, Contreras-Murillo M, Aldana-Bobadilla E. Machine learning based study for the classification of Type 2 diabetes mellitus subtypes. BioData Min 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 37608329 PMCID: PMC10463725 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-023-00340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Data-driven diabetes research has increased its interest in exploring the heterogeneity of the disease, aiming to support in the development of more specific prognoses and treatments within the so-called precision medicine. Recently, one of these studies found five diabetes subgroups with varying risks of complications and treatment responses. Here, we tackle the development and assessment of different models for classifying Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) subtypes through machine learning approaches, with the aim of providing a performance comparison and new insights on the matter. METHODS We developed a three-stage methodology starting with the preprocessing of public databases NHANES (USA) and ENSANUT (Mexico) to construct a dataset with N = 10,077 adult diabetes patient records. We used N = 2,768 records for training/validation of models and left the remaining (N = 7,309) for testing. In the second stage, groups of observations -each one representing a T2DM subtype- were identified. We tested different clustering techniques and strategies and validated them by using internal and external clustering indices; obtaining two annotated datasets Dset A and Dset B. In the third stage, we developed different classification models assaying four algorithms, seven input-data schemes, and two validation settings on each annotated dataset. We also tested the obtained models using a majority-vote approach for classifying unseen patient records in the hold-out dataset. RESULTS From the independently obtained bootstrap validation for Dset A and Dset B, mean accuracies across all seven data schemes were [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), respectively. Best accuracies were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Both validation setting results were consistent. For the hold-out dataset, results were consonant with most of those obtained in the literature in terms of class proportions. CONCLUSION The development of machine learning systems for the classification of diabetes subtypes constitutes an important task to support physicians for fast and timely decision-making. We expect to deploy this methodology in a data analysis platform to conduct studies for identifying T2DM subtypes in patient records from hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson E Ordoñez-Guillen
- Cinvestav Tamaulipas, Carretera Victoria-Soto la Marina km 5.5, Victoria, 87130, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | | | - Ivan Lopez-Arevalo
- Cinvestav Tamaulipas, Carretera Victoria-Soto la Marina km 5.5, Victoria, 87130, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Miguel Contreras-Murillo
- Cinvestav Tamaulipas, Carretera Victoria-Soto la Marina km 5.5, Victoria, 87130, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Edwin Aldana-Bobadilla
- CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Tamaulipas, Carretera Victoria-Soto la Marina km 5.5, Victoria, Tamaulipas, 87130, Mexico
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Chellappan D, Rajaguru H. Detection of Diabetes through Microarray Genes with Enhancement of Classifiers Performance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2654. [PMID: 37627916 PMCID: PMC10453776 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a life-threatening, non-communicable disease. Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease with a significant global impact. The timely detection of diabetes in patients is necessary for an effective treatment. The primary objective of this study is to propose a novel approach for identifying type II diabetes mellitus using microarray gene data. Specifically, our research focuses on the performance enhancement of methods for detecting diabetes. Four different Dimensionality Reduction techniques, Detrend Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), the Chi-square probability density function (Chi2pdf), the Firefly algorithm, and Cuckoo Search, are used to reduce high dimensional data. Metaheuristic algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Harmonic Search (HS) are used for feature selection. Seven classifiers, Non-Linear Regression (NLR), Linear Regression (LR), Logistics Regression (LoR), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Bayesian Linear Discriminant Classifier (BLDC), Softmax Discriminant Classifier (SDC), and Support Vector Machine-Radial Basis Function (SVM-RBF), are utilized to classify the diabetic and non-diabetic classes. The classifiers' performances are analyzed through parameters such as accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, error rate, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Jaccard metric, and kappa. The SVM (RBF) classifier with the Chi2pdf Dimensionality Reduction technique with a PSO feature selection method attained a high accuracy of 91% with a Kappa of 0.7961, outperforming all of the other classifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Chellappan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641 407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harikumar Rajaguru
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638 401, Tamil Nadu, India;
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Li L, Cheng Y, Ji W, Liu M, Hu Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Machine learning for predicting diabetes risk in western China adults. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:165. [PMID: 37501094 PMCID: PMC10373320 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic disease. Long-time exposure of patients to hyperglycemia can lead to various type of chronic tissue damage. Early diagnosis of and screening for diabetes are crucial to population health. METHODS We collected the national physical examination data in Xinjiang, China, in 2020 (a total of more than 4 million people). Three types of physical examination indices were analyzed: questionnaire, routine physical examination and laboratory values. Integrated learning, deep learning and logistic regression methods were used to establish a risk model for type-2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, to improve the convenience and flexibility of the model, a diabetes risk score card was established based on logistic regression to assess the risk of the population. RESULTS An XGBoost-based risk prediction model outperformed the other five risk assessment algorithms. The AUC of the model was 0.9122. Based on the feature importance ranking map, we found that hypertension, fasting blood glucose, age, coronary heart disease, ethnicity, parental diabetes mellitus, triglycerides, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and body mass index were the most important features of the risk prediction model for type-2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This study established a diabetes risk assessment model based on multiple ethnicities, a large sample and many indices, and classified the diabetes risk of the population, thus providing a new forecast tool for the screening of patients and providing information on diabetes prevention for healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinlin Cheng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mimi Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhensheng Hu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yining Yang
- People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, 830001, Xijiang, China.
| | - Yushan Wang
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Dou B, Zhu Z, Merkurjev E, Ke L, Chen L, Jiang J, Zhu Y, Liu J, Zhang B, Wei GW. Machine Learning Methods for Small Data Challenges in Molecular Science. Chem Rev 2023; 123:8736-8780. [PMID: 37384816 PMCID: PMC10999174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Small data are often used in scientific and engineering research due to the presence of various constraints, such as time, cost, ethics, privacy, security, and technical limitations in data acquisition. However, big data have been the focus for the past decade, small data and their challenges have received little attention, even though they are technically more severe in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) studies. Overall, the small data challenge is often compounded by issues, such as data diversity, imputation, noise, imbalance, and high-dimensionality. Fortunately, the current big data era is characterized by technological breakthroughs in ML, DL, and artificial intelligence (AI), which enable data-driven scientific discovery, and many advanced ML and DL technologies developed for big data have inadvertently provided solutions for small data problems. As a result, significant progress has been made in ML and DL for small data challenges in the past decade. In this review, we summarize and analyze several emerging potential solutions to small data challenges in molecular science, including chemical and biological sciences. We review both basic machine learning algorithms, such as linear regression, logistic regression (LR), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), kernel learning (KL), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting trees (GBT), and more advanced techniques, including artificial neural network (ANN), convolutional neural network (CNN), U-Net, graph neural network (GNN), Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), long short-term memory (LSTM), autoencoder, transformer, transfer learning, active learning, graph-based semi-supervised learning, combining deep learning with traditional machine learning, and physical model-based data augmentation. We also briefly discuss the latest advances in these methods. Finally, we conclude the survey with a discussion of promising trends in small data challenges in molecular science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozheng Dou
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P, R. China
| | - Zailiang Zhu
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P, R. China
| | - Ekaterina Merkurjev
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lu Ke
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P, R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P, R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P, R. China
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Yueying Zhu
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P, R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P, R. China
| | - Bengong Zhang
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P, R. China
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Ginting JB, Suci T, Ginting CN, Girsang E. Early detection system of risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2 utilization of machine learning-random forest. J Family Community Med 2023; 30:171-179. [PMID: 37675209 PMCID: PMC10479022 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_33_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of morbidity and mortality for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is still increasing because of changing lifestyles. There needs to be a means of controlling the rise in the incidence of the disease. Many researchers have utilized technological advances such as machine learning for disease prevention and control, especially in noncommunicable conditions. Researchers are, therefore, interested in creating an early detection system for risk factors of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in February 2022, utilizing secondary surveillance data from Puskesmas Johar Baru, Jakarta, in 2019, 2020, and 2021. Data was analyzed utilizing various bivariate and multivariate statistical methods at 5% significance level and machine learning methods (random forest algorithm) with an accuracy rate of >80%. The data for the three years was cleaned, normalized, and merged. RESULTS The final population was 65,533 visits out of the initial data of 196,949, and the final number of DM 2 population was 2766 out of the initial data of 9903. Age, gender, family history of DM, family history of hypertension, hypertension, high blood sugar levels, obesity, and central obesity were significantly associated with type 2 DM. Family history was the strongest risk factor of all independent variables, odds ratio of 15.101. The classification results of feature importance, with an accuracy rate of 84%, obtained in order were age, blood sugar level, and body mass index. CONCLUSION Blood sugar level is the most influential factor in the incidence of DM in Puskesmas Johar Baru. In other words, a person with a family history of type 2 diabetes, at unproductive age, of female gender, and of excessive weight can avoid type 2 diabetes if they can regularly maintain their blood sugar levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B. Ginting
- Department of Bachelor of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, North Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Tri Suci
- Department of Bachelor of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, North Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Chrismis N. Ginting
- Department of Bachelor of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, North Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Ermi Girsang
- Department of Bachelor of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, North Sumatra, Indonesia
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Nguyen LP, Tung DD, Nguyen DT, Le HN, Tran TQ, Binh TV, Pham DTN. The Utilization of Machine Learning Algorithms for Assisting Physicians in the Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2087. [PMID: 37370981 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the use of machine learning algorithms to aid medical professionals in the detection and risk assessment of diabetes. The research employed a dataset gathered from individuals with type 2 diabetes in Ninh Binh, Vietnam. A variety of classification algorithms, including Decision Tree Classifier, Logistic Regression, SVC, Ada Boost Classifier, Gradient Boosting Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, and K Neighbors Classifier, were utilized to identify the most suitable algorithm for the dataset. The results of the present study indicate that the Random Forest Classifier algorithm yielded the most promising results, exhibiting a cross-validation score of 0.998 and an accuracy rate of 100%. To further evaluate the effectiveness of the selected model, it was subjected to a testing phase involving a new dataset comprising 67 patients that had not been previously seen. The performance of the algorithm on this dataset resulted in an accuracy rate of 94%, especially the study's notable finding is the algorithm's accurate prediction of the probability of patients developing diabetes, as indicated by the class 1 (diabetes) probabilities. This innovative approach offers a meticulous and quantifiable method for diabetes detection and risk evaluation, showcasing the potential of machine learning algorithms in assisting clinicians with diagnosis and management. By communicating the diabetes score and probability estimates to patients, the comprehension of their disease status can be enhanced. This information empowers patients to make informed decisions and motivates them to adopt healthier lifestyle habits, ultimately playing a crucial role in impeding disease progression. The study underscores the significance of leveraging machine learning in healthcare to optimize patient care and improve long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Phuong Nguyen
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ha Noi Medical University, 1, Ton That Tung Street, Dong Da District, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Diabetes Educators Association, 52/A1 Dai Kim Urban Area, Hoang Mai District, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Do Dinh Tung
- Vietnam Diabetes Educators Association, 52/A1 Dai Kim Urban Area, Hoang Mai District, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Saint Paul General Hospital, 12A Chu Van An, Ba Dinh District, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thanh Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist., Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hong Nhung Le
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist., Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Toan Quoc Tran
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist., Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ta Van Binh
- Vietnam Diabetes Educators Association, 52/A1 Dai Kim Urban Area, Hoang Mai District, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- NTT Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
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40
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Fujihara K, Yamada Harada M, Horikawa C, Iwanaga M, Tanaka H, Nomura H, Sui Y, Tanabe K, Yamada T, Kodama S, Kato K, Sone H. Machine learning approach to predict body weight in adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1090146. [PMID: 37397751 PMCID: PMC10308016 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is an established risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Thus, weight control is a key factor in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. A simple and quick method to predict weight change over a few years could be helpful for weight management in clinical settings. Methods We examined the ability of a machine learning model that we constructed to predict changes in future body weight over 3 years using big data. Input in the machine learning model were three-year data on 50,000 Japanese persons (32,977 men) aged 19-91 years who underwent annual health examinations. The predictive formulas that used heterogeneous mixture learning technology (HMLT) to predict body weight in the subsequent 3 years were validated for 5,000 persons. The root mean square error (RMSE) was used to evaluate accuracy compared with multiple regression. Results The machine learning model utilizing HMLT automatically generated five predictive formulas. The influence of lifestyle on body weight was found to be large in people with a high body mass index (BMI) at baseline (BMI ≥29.93 kg/m2) and in young people (<24 years) with a low BMI (BMI <23.44 kg/m2). The RMSE was 1.914 in the validation set which reflects ability comparable to that of the multiple regression model of 1.890 (p = 0.323). Conclusion The HMLT-based machine learning model could successfully predict weight change over 3 years. Our model could automatically identify groups whose lifestyle profoundly impacted weight loss and factors the influenced body weight change in individuals. Although this model must be validated in other populations, including other ethnic groups, before being widely implemented in global clinical settings, results suggested that this machine learning model could contribute to individualized weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujihara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mayuko Yamada Harada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chika Horikawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata, Japan
| | - Midori Iwanaga
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Takaho Yamada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kiminori Kato
- Department of Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promotion of Health Checkup, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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41
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Oda K, Saito H, Jono H. Bayesian prediction-based individualized dosing of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treatment: Recent advancements and prospects in therapeutic drug monitoring. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108433. [PMID: 37149156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As one of the efficient techniques for TDM, the population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model approach for dose individualization has been developed due to the rapidly growing innovative progress in computer technology and has recently been considered as a part of model-informed precision dosing (MIPD). Initial dose individualization and measurement followed by maximum a posteriori (MAP)-Bayesian prediction using a popPK model are the most classical and widely used approach among a class of MIPD strategies. MAP-Bayesian prediction offers the possibility of dose optimization based on measurement even before reaching a pharmacokinetically steady state, such as in an emergency, especially for infectious diseases requiring urgent antimicrobial treatment. As the pharmacokinetic processes in critically ill patients are affected and highly variable due to pathophysiological disturbances, the advantages offered by the popPK model approach make it highly recommended and required for effective and appropriate antimicrobial treatment. In this review, we focus on novel insights and beneficial aspects of the popPK model approach, especially in the treatment of infectious diseases with anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus agents represented by vancomycin, and discuss the recent advancements and prospects in TDM practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Oda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University; 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University; 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.
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42
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Li X, Xu C, Shang C, Wang Y, Xu J, Zhou Q. Machine learning predicts the risk of hemorrhagic transformation of acute cerebral infarction and in-hospital death. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 237:107582. [PMID: 37156021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) during thrombolysis after acute cerebral infarction (ACI) is very high. We aimed to develop a model to predict the occurrence of HT after ACI and the risk of death after HT. METHODS Cohort 1 is divided into HT and non-HT groups, to train the model and perform internal validation. All first laboratory test results of study subjects were used as features to be selected for machine learning, and the models built by four machine learning algorithms were compared to screen the best algorithm and model. Following that, the HT group was divided into death and non-death for subgroup analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves etc. to evaluate the model. ACI patients in cohort 2 for external validation. RESULTS In cohort 1, the HT risk prediction model HT-Lab10 built by the XgBoost algorithm performed the best with AUCROC=0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.96). Ten features were included in the model, namely B-type natriuretic peptide precursor, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, glucose, absolute neutrophil value, myoglobin, uric acid, creatinine, Ca2+, Thrombin time, and carbon dioxide combining power. The model also had the ability to predict death after HT with AUCROC=0.85 (95% CI, 0.78-0.91). The ability of HT-Lab10 to predict the occurrence of HT as well as death after HT was validated in cohort 2. CONCLUSIONS The model HT-Lab10 built using the XgBoost algorithm showed excellent predictive ability in both the occurrence of HT and the risk of HT death, achieving a model with multiple uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changyan Xu
- Medical Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengming Shang
- Information Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiancheng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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43
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Cichosz SL. Frameworks for Developing Machine Learning Models. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:862-863. [PMID: 36825572 PMCID: PMC10210108 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231158399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lebech Cichosz
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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44
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Cheng YL, Wu YR, Lin KD, Lin CHR, Lin IM. Using Machine Learning for the Risk Factors Classification of Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081141. [PMID: 37107975 PMCID: PMC10138388 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several risk factors are related to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including demographics, medical conditions, negative emotions, lipid profiles, and heart rate variability (HRV; to present cardiac autonomic activity). The interactions between these risk factors remain unclear. This study aimed to use machine learning methods of artificial intelligence to explore the relationships between various risk factors and glycemic control in T2DM patients. The study utilized a database from Lin et al. (2022) that included 647 T2DM patients. Regression tree analysis was conducted to identify the interactions among risk factors that contribute to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, and various machine learning methods were compared for their accuracy in classifying T2DM patients. The results of the regression tree analysis revealed that high depression scores may be a risk factor in one subgroup but not in others. When comparing different machine learning classification methods, the random forest algorithm emerged as the best-performing method with a small set of features. Specifically, the random forest algorithm achieved 84% accuracy, 95% area under the curve (AUC), 77% sensitivity, and 91% specificity. Using machine learning methods can provide significant value in accurately classifying patients with T2DM when considering depression as a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Cheng
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ru Wu
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Hung Richard Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - I-Mei Lin
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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45
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Asai Y, Tashiro T, Kondo Y, Hayashi M, Arihara H, Omote S, Tanio E, Yamashita S, Higuchi T, Hashimoto E, Yamada M, Tsuji H, Hayakawa Y, Suzuki R, Muro H, Yamamoto Y. Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Digoxin Toxicity in Heart Failure: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:614-620. [PMID: 37005306 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Digoxin toxicity (plasma digoxin concentration ≥0.9 ng/mL) is associated with worsening heart failure (HF). Decision tree (DT) analysis, a machine learning method, has a flowchart-like model where users can easily predict the risk of adverse drug reactions. The present study aimed to construct a flowchart using DT analysis that can be used by medical staff to predict digoxin toxicity. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study involving 333 adult patients with HF who received oral digoxin treatment. In this study, we employed a chi-squared automatic interaction detection algorithm to construct DT models. The dependent variable was set as the plasma digoxin concentration (≥ 0.9 ng/mL) in the trough during the steady state, and factors with p < 0.2 in the univariate analysis were set as the explanatory variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to validate the DT model. The accuracy and misclassification rates of the model were evaluated. In the DT analysis, patients with creatinine clearance <32 mL/min, daily digoxin dose ≥1.6 µg/kg, and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% showed a high incidence of digoxin toxicity (91.8%; 45/49). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that creatinine clearance <32 mL/min and daily digoxin dose ≥1.6 µg/kg were independent risk factors. The accuracy and misclassification rates of the DT model were 88.2 and 46.2 ± 2.7%, respectively. Although the flowchart created in this study needs further validation, it is straightforward and potentially useful for medical staff in determining the initial dose of digoxin in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Asai
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Mie Chuo Medical Center
| | - Takumi Tashiro
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Shizuoka Medical Center
| | - Yoshihiro Kondo
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Hiroki Arihara
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center
| | - Saki Omote
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center
| | - Ena Tanio
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center
| | - Saena Yamashita
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center
| | - Ei Hashimoto
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center
| | - Momoko Yamada
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center
| | - Hinako Tsuji
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center
| | - Yuji Hayakawa
- Pharmacy, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Higashinagoya National Hospital
| | - Hiroya Muro
- Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Toyohashi Medical Center
| | - Yoshiaki Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders
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46
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Chen R, Liu F, Zhang C, Wang W, Yang R, Zhao Y, Peng J, Kong W, Huang J. Trends in digital detection for the quality and safety of herbs using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1128300. [PMID: 37025139 PMCID: PMC10072231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Herbs have been used as natural remedies for disease treatment, prevention, and health care. Some herbs with functional properties are also used as food or food additives for culinary purposes. The quality and safety inspection of herbs are influenced by various factors, which need to be assessed in each operation across the whole process of herb production. Traditional analysis methods are time-consuming and laborious, without quick response, which limits industry development and digital detection. Considering the efficiency and accuracy, faster, cheaper, and more environment-friendly techniques are highly needed to complement or replace the conventional chemical analysis methods. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy techniques have been applied to the quality control and safety inspection of herbs during the last several decades. In this paper, we generalize the current application using IR and Raman spectroscopy techniques across the whole process, from raw materials to patent herbal products. The challenges and remarks were proposed in the end, which serve as references for improving herb detection based on IR and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Meanwhile, make a path to driving intelligence and automation of herb products factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Peng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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47
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Tan KR, Seng JJB, Kwan YH, Chen YJ, Zainudin SB, Loh DHF, Liu N, Low LL. Evaluation of Machine Learning Methods Developed for Prediction of Diabetes Complications: A Systematic Review. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:474-489. [PMID: 34727783 PMCID: PMC10012374 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211056917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rising prevalence of diabetes, machine learning (ML) models have been increasingly used for prediction of diabetes and its complications, due to their ability to handle large complex data sets. This study aims to evaluate the quality and performance of ML models developed to predict microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications in an adult Type 2 diabetes population. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE®, Embase®, the Cochrane® Library, Web of Science®, and DBLP Computer Science Bibliography databases according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist. Studies that developed or validated ML prediction models for microvascular or macrovascular complications in people with Type 2 diabetes were included. Prediction performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). An AUC >0.75 indicates clearly useful discrimination performance, while a positive mean relative AUC difference indicates better comparative model performance. RESULTS Of 13 606 articles screened, 32 studies comprising 87 ML models were included. Neural networks (n = 15) were the most frequently utilized. Age, duration of diabetes, and body mass index were common predictors in ML models. Across predicted outcomes, 36% of the models demonstrated clearly useful discrimination. Most ML models reported positive mean relative AUC compared with non-ML methods, with random forest showing the best overall performance for microvascular and macrovascular outcomes. Majority (n = 31) of studies had high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Random forest was found to have the overall best prediction performance. Current ML prediction models remain largely exploratory, and external validation studies are required before their clinical implementation. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/UP49X).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Heng Kwan
- MOH Holdings Private Ltd.,
Singapore
- Health Services & Systems Research,
Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of
Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Nan Liu
- Health Services & Systems Research,
Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Health Services Research Centre,
Singapore Health Services, Singapore
- Institute of Data Science, National
University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lian Leng Low
- SingHealth Regional Health System,
Singapore Health Services, Singapore
- Department of Family Medicine and
Continuing Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine
Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre,
Singapore
- Lian Leng Low, MMed(FM), FCFP(Singapore),
MCI, Department of Family Medicine and Continuing Care, Singapore General
Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
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48
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Lone IM, Midlej K, Nun NB, Iraqi FA. Intestinal cancer development in response to oral infection with high-fat diet-induced Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in collaborative cross mice under different host genetic background effects. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:56-75. [PMID: 36757430 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease with an imbalance in blood glucose concentration. There are significant studies currently showing association between T2D and intestinal cancer developments. High-fat diet (HFD) plays part in the disease development of T2D, intestinal cancer and infectious diseases through many biological mechanisms, including but not limited to inflammation. Understanding the system genetics of the multimorbidity of these diseases will provide an important knowledge and platform for dissecting the complexity of these diseases. Furthermore, in this study we used some machine learning (ML) models to explore more aspects of diabetes mellitus. The ultimate aim of this project is to study the genetic factors, which underline T2D development, associated with intestinal cancer in response to a HFD consumption and oral coinfection, jointly or separately, on the same host genetic background. A cohort of 307 mice of eight different CC mouse lines in the four experimental groups was assessed. The mice were maintained on either HFD or chow diet (CHD) for 12-week period, while half of each dietary group was either coinfected with oral bacteria or uninfected. Host response to a glucose load and clearance was assessed using intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) at two time points (weeks 6 and 12) during the experiment period and, subsequently, was translated to area under curve (AUC) values. At week 5 of the experiment, mice of group two and four were coinfected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) strains, three times a week, while keeping the other uninfected mice as a control group. At week 12, mice were killed, small intestines and colon were extracted, and subsequently, the polyp counts were assessed; as well, the intestine lengths and size were measured. Our results have shown that there is a significant variation in polyp's number in different CC lines, with a spectrum between 2.5 and 12.8 total polyps on average. There was a significant correlation between area under curve (AUC) and intestine measurements, including polyp counts, length and size. In addition, our results have shown a significant sex effect on polyp development and glucose tolerance ability with males more susceptible to HFD than females by showing higher AUC in the glucose tolerance test. The ML results showed that classification with random forest could reach the highest accuracy when all the attributes were used. These results provide an excellent platform for proceeding toward understanding the nature of the genes involved in resistance and rate of development of intestinal cancer and T2D induced by HFD and oral coinfection. Once obtained, such data can be used to predict individual risk for developing these diseases and to establish the genetically based strategy for their prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal M Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kareem Midlej
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadav Ben Nun
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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49
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Al-Hameli BA, Alsewari AA, Basurra SS, Bhogal J, Ali MAH. Diabetes disease prediction system using HNB classifier based on discretization method. J Integr Bioinform 2023; 20:jib-2021-0037. [PMID: 36810102 PMCID: PMC10063179 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2021-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing diabetes early is critical as it helps patients live with the disease in a healthy way - through healthy eating, taking appropriate medical doses, and making patients more vigilant in their movements/activities to avoid wounds that are difficult to heal for diabetic patients. Data mining techniques are typically used to detect diabetes with high confidence to avoid misdiagnoses with other chronic diseases whose symptoms are similar to diabetes. Hidden Naïve Bayes is one of the algorithms for classification, which works under a data-mining model based on the assumption of conditional independence of the traditional Naïve Bayes. The results from this research study, which was conducted on the Pima Indian Diabetes (PID) dataset collection, show that the prediction accuracy of the HNB classifier achieved 82%. As a result, the discretization method increases the performance and accuracy of the HNB classifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Abdo Al-Hameli
- Centre for Software Development & Integrated Computing, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang26600, Malaysia
| | - AbdulRahman A. Alsewari
- Computing & Data Science Department, School of Computing and Digital Technology, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University (City Centre Campus), Curzon Street, B4 7XG, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shadi S. Basurra
- Computing & Data Science Department, School of Computing and Digital Technology, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University (City Centre Campus), Curzon Street, B4 7XG, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jagdev Bhogal
- Computing & Data Science Department, School of Computing and Digital Technology, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University (City Centre Campus), Curzon Street, B4 7XG, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohammed A. H. Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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50
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Machine Learning Model Based on Insulin Resistance Metagenes Underpins Genetic Basis of Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030432. [PMID: 36979367 PMCID: PMC10046262 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is considered the precursor and the key pathophysiological mechanism of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the pathways that IR shares with T2D are not clearly understood. Meta-analysis of multiple DNA microarray datasets could provide a robust set of metagenes identified across multiple studies. These metagenes would likely include a subset of genes (key metagenes) shared by both IR and T2D, and possibly responsible for the transition between them. In this study, we attempted to find these key metagenes using a feature selection method, LASSO, and then used the expression profiles of these genes to train five machine learning models: LASSO, SVM, XGBoost, Random Forest, and ANN. Among them, ANN performed well, with an area under the curve (AUC) > 95%. It also demonstrated fairly good performance in differentiating diabetics from normal glucose tolerant (NGT) persons in the test dataset, with 73% accuracy across 64 human adipose tissue samples. Furthermore, these core metagenes were also enriched in diabetes-associated terms and were found in previous genome-wide association studies of T2D and its associated glycemic traits HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. Therefore, this metagenome deserves further investigation with regard to the cardinal molecular pathological defects/pathways underlying both IR and T2D.
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