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Zack SR, Alzoubi O, Satoeya N, Singh KP, Deen S, Nijim W, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C, Sweiss N, Ivashkiv LB, Shahrara S. Another Notch in the Belt of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:1475-1487. [PMID: 38961731 PMCID: PMC11421962 DOI: 10.1002/art.42937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Notch ligands and receptors, including JAG1/2, DLL1/4, and Notch1/3, are enriched on macrophages (MΦs), fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and/or endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with normal synovial tissues (ST). Power Doppler ultrasound-guided ST studies reveal that the Notch family is highly involved in early active RA, especially during neovascularization. In contrast, the Notch family is not implicated during the erosive stage, evidenced by their lack of correlation with radiographic damage in RA ST. Toll-like receptors and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are the common inducers of Notch expression in RA MΦs, FLS, and endothelial cells. Among Notch ligands, JAG1 and/or DLL4 are most inducible by inflammatory responses in RA MΦs or endothelial cells and transactivate their receptors on RA FLS. TNF plays a central role on Notch ligands, as anti-TNF good responders display JAG1/2 and DLL1/4 transcriptional downregulation in RA ST myeloid cells. In in vitro studies, TNF increases Notch3 expression in MΦs, which is further amplified by RA FLS addition. Specific disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs reduced JAG1 and Notch3 expression in MΦ and RA FLS cocultures. Organoids containing FLS and endothelial cells have increased expression of JAG1 and Notch3. Nonetheless, Methotrexate, interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibodies, and B cell blockers are mostly ineffective at decreasing Notch family expression. NF-κB, MAPK, and AKT pathways are involved in Notch signaling, whereas JAK/STATs are not. Although Notch blockade has been effective in RA preclinical studies, its small molecule inhibitors have failed in phase I and II studies, suggesting that alternative strategies may be required to intercept their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Zack
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Osama Alzoubi
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neha Satoeya
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kunwar P Singh
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sania Deen
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wes Nijim
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, London, UK, Humanitas University and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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2
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Namba T, Huttner WB. What Makes Us Human: Insights from the Evolution and Development of the Human Neocortex. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2024; 40:427-452. [PMID: 39356810 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-112122-032521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
"What makes us human?" is a central question of many research fields, notably anthropology. In this review, we focus on the development of the human neocortex, the part of the brain with a key role in cognition, to gain neurobiological insight toward answering this question. We first discuss cortical stem and progenitor cells and human-specific genes that affect their behavior. We thus aim to understand the molecular foundation of the expansion of the neocortex that occurred in the course of human evolution, as this expansion is generally thought to provide a basis for our unique cognitive abilities. We then review the emerging evidence pointing to differences in the development of the neocortex between present-day humans and Neanderthals, our closest relatives. Finally, we discuss human-specific genes that have been implicated in neuronal circuitry and offer a perspective for future studies addressing the question of what makes us human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Namba
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany;
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3
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Perez DH, Antfolk D, Medina E, Gonzalez-Perez D, Luca VC. Engineering synthetic agonists for targeted activation of Notch signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.06.606897. [PMID: 39149362 PMCID: PMC11326249 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.06.606897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates cell fate decisions and has context-dependent tumorigenic or tumor suppressor functions. Although several Notch inhibitors are under development as cancer therapies, the mechanical force requirement for Notch receptor activation has hindered attempts to generate soluble agonists. To address this problem, we engineered synthetic Notch agonist (SNAG) proteins that mimic the tension-generating mechanism of endogenous ligands. SNAGs were designed by fusing a high-affinity variant of the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4) to antibody fragments that induce target internalization. This bispecific format enables the SNAG-bound biomarkers to "pull" on Notch receptors, triggering Notch activation in mixed populations of biomarker-expressing and non-expressing cells. SNAGs targeting the immune checkpoint PDL1 potently activated Notch in co-cultures of Notch1- and PDL1-expressing cells, but not in monocultures of Notch1-expressing cells alone. Additional SNAGs targeting the tumor antigens CD19 and HER2 also activated Notch in mixed cell populations, indicating that the SNAG design concept is adaptable to multiple biomarkers. SNAG-mediated Notch activation was blocked by a dynamin inhibitor, and efficacy increased dramatically when SNAGs were dimerized via fusion to antibody Fc domains, suggesting that endocytosis and multimerization are important for optimal SNAG function. These insights will greatly expand our ability to modulate Notch signaling for applications in immunotherapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Perez
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Elliot Medina
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | | | - Vincent C Luca
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
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4
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Kuintzle R, Santat LA, Elowitz MB. Diversity in Notch ligand-receptor signaling interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.24.554677. [PMID: 37662208 PMCID: PMC10473737 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway uses families of ligands and receptors to transmit signals to nearby cells. These components are expressed in diverse combinations in different cell types, interact in a many-to-many fashion, both within the same cell (in cis) and between cells (in trans), and their interactions are modulated by Fringe glycosyltransferases. A fundamental question is how the strength of Notch signaling depends on which pathway components are expressed, at what levels, and in which cells. Here, we used a quantitative, bottom-up, cell-based approach to systematically characterize trans-activation, cis-inhibition, and cis-activation signaling efficiencies across a range of ligand and Fringe expression levels in two mammalian cell types. Each ligand (Dll1, Dll4, Jag1, and Jag2) and receptor variant (Notch1 and Notch2) analyzed here exhibited a unique profile of interactions, Fringe-dependence, and signaling outcomes. All four ligands were able to bind receptors in cis and in trans, and all ligands trans-activated both receptors, although Jag1-Notch1 signaling was substantially weaker than other ligand-receptor combinations. Cis-interactions were predominantly inhibitory, with the exception of the Dll1- and Dll4-Notch2 pairs, which exhibited cis-activation stronger than trans-activation. Lfng strengthened Delta-mediated trans-activation and weakened Jagged-mediated trans-activation for both receptors. Finally, cis-ligands showed diverse cis-inhibition strengths, which depended on the identity of the trans-ligand as well as the receptor. The map of receptor-ligand-Fringe interaction outcomes revealed here should help guide rational perturbation and control of the Notch pathway.
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5
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Morano NC, Lopez DH, Meltzer H, Sergeeva AP, Katsamba PS, Rostam KD, Gupta HP, Becker JE, Bornstein B, Cosmanescu F, Schuldiner O, Honig B, Mann RS, Shapiro L. Cis inhibition of co-expressed DIPs and Dprs shapes neural development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583391. [PMID: 38895375 PMCID: PMC11185508 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In Drosophila , two interacting adhesion protein families, Dprs and DIPs, coordinate the assembly of neural networks. While intercellular DIP/Dpr interactions have been well characterized, DIPs and Dprs are often co-expressed within the same cells, raising the question as to whether they also interact in cis . We show, in cultured cells and in vivo, that DIP-α and DIP-δ can interact in cis with their ligands, Dpr6/10 and Dpr12, respectively. When co-expressed in cis with their cognate partners, these Dprs regulate the extent of trans binding, presumably through competitive cis interactions. We demonstrate the neurodevelopmental effects of cis inhibition in fly motor neurons and in the mushroom body. We further show that a long disordered region of DIP-α at the C-terminus is required for cis but not trans interactions, likely because it alleviates geometric constraints on cis binding. Thus, the balance between cis and trans interactions plays a role in controlling neural development.
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6
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Pan Q, Mercker M, Klimovich A, Wittlieb J, Marciniak-Czochra A, Böttger A. Genetic interference with HvNotch provides new insights into the role of the Notch-signalling pathway for developmental pattern formation in Hydra. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8553. [PMID: 38609434 PMCID: PMC11014954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Notch-signalling pathway plays an important role in pattern formation in Hydra. Using pharmacological Notch inhibitors (DAPT and SAHM1), it has been demonstrated that HvNotch is required for head regeneration and tentacle patterning in Hydra. HvNotch is also involved in establishing the parent-bud boundary and instructing buds to develop feet and detach from the parent. To further investigate the functions of HvNotch, we successfully constructed NICD (HvNotch intracellular domain)-overexpressing and HvNotch-knockdown transgenic Hydra strains. NICD-overexpressing transgenic Hydra showed a pronounced inhibition on the expression of predicted HvNotch-target genes, suggesting a dominant negative effect of ectopic NICD. This resulted in a "Y-shaped" phenotype, which arises from the parent-bud boundary defect seen in polyps treated with DAPT. Additionally, "multiple heads", "two-headed" and "ectopic tentacles" phenotypes were observed. The HvNotch-knockdown transgenic Hydra with reduced expression of HvNotch exhibited similar, but not identical phenotypes, with the addition of a "two feet" phenotype. Furthermore, we observed regeneration defects in both, overexpression and knockdown strains. We integrated these findings into a mathematical model based on long-range gradients of signalling molecules underlying sharply defined positions of HvNotch-signalling cells at the Hydra tentacle and bud boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Pan
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Moritz Mercker
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Klimovich
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Wittlieb
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika Böttger
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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7
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Thambyrajah R, Maqueda M, Neo WH, Imbach K, Guillén Y, Grases D, Fadlullah Z, Gambera S, Matteini F, Wang X, Calero-Nieto FJ, Esteller M, Florian MC, Porta E, Benedito R, Göttgens B, Lacaud G, Espinosa L, Bigas A. Cis inhibition of NOTCH1 through JAGGED1 sustains embryonic hematopoietic stem cell fate. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1604. [PMID: 38383534 PMCID: PMC10882055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) develop from the hemogenic endothelium (HE) in the aorta- gonads-and mesonephros (AGM) region and reside within Intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters (IAHC) along with hematopoietic progenitors (HPC). The signalling mechanisms that distinguish HSCs from HPCs are unknown. Notch signaling is essential for arterial specification, IAHC formation and HSC activity, but current studies on how Notch segregates these different fates are inconsistent. We now demonstrate that Notch activity is highest in a subset of, GFI1 + , HSC-primed HE cells, and is gradually lost with HSC maturation. We uncover that the HSC phenotype is maintained due to increasing levels of NOTCH1 and JAG1 interactions on the surface of the same cell (cis) that renders the NOTCH1 receptor from being activated. Forced activation of the NOTCH1 receptor in IAHC activates a hematopoietic differentiation program. Our results indicate that NOTCH1-JAG1 cis-inhibition preserves the HSC phenotype in the hematopoietic clusters of the embryonic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- Program in Cancer Research. Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Maqueda
- Program in Cancer Research. Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wen Hao Neo
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kathleen Imbach
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Guillén
- Program in Cancer Research. Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Grases
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaki Fadlullah
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefano Gambera
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Matteini
- Stem Cell Aging Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, The Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program for advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fernando J Calero-Nieto
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Carolina Florian
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
- Stem Cell Aging Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, The Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program for advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Porta
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lluis Espinosa
- Program in Cancer Research. Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research. Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Sutton H, Karpen SJ, Kamath BM. Pediatric Cholestatic Diseases: Common and Unique Pathogenic Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:319-344. [PMID: 38265882 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-025623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cholestasis is the predominate feature of many pediatric hepatobiliary diseases. The physiologic flow of bile requires multiple complex processes working in concert. Bile acid (BA) synthesis and excretion, the formation and flow of bile, and the enterohepatic reuptake of BAs all function to maintain the circulation of BAs, a key molecule in lipid digestion, metabolic and cellular signaling, and, as discussed in the review, a crucial mediator in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. Disruption of one or several of these steps can result in the accumulation of toxic BAs in bile ducts and hepatocytes leading to inflammation, fibrosis, and, over time, biliary and hepatic cirrhosis. Biliary atresia, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and Alagille syndrome are four of the most common pediatric cholestatic conditions. Through understanding the commonalities and differences in these diseases, the important cellular mechanistic underpinnings of cholestasis can be greater appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Sutton
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Saul J Karpen
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Binita M Kamath
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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9
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Sunshine HL, Cicchetto AC, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Ma F, Pi D, Symons C, Turner M, Shukla V, Christofk HR, Vallim TA, Iruela-Arispe ML. Endothelial Jagged1 levels and distribution are post-transcriptionally controlled by ZFP36 decay proteins. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113627. [PMID: 38157296 PMCID: PMC10884959 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular morphogenesis requires a delicate gradient of Notch signaling controlled, in part, by the distribution of ligands (Dll4 and Jagged1). How Jagged1 (JAG1) expression is compartmentalized in the vascular plexus remains unclear. Here, we show that Jag1 mRNA is a direct target of zinc-finger protein 36 (ZFP36), an RNA-binding protein involved in mRNA decay that we find robustly induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Endothelial cells lacking ZFP36 display high levels of JAG1 and increase angiogenic sprouting in vitro. Furthermore, mice lacking Zfp36 in endothelial cells display mispatterned and increased levels of JAG1 in the developing retinal vascular plexus. Abnormal levels of JAG1 at the sprouting front alters NOTCH1 signaling, increasing the number of tip cells, a phenotype that is rescued by imposing haploinsufficiency of Jag1. Our findings reveal an important feedforward loop whereby VEGF stimulates ZFP36, consequently suppressing Jag1 to enable adequate levels of Notch signaling during sprouting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Sunshine
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew C Cicchetto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, UCLA Biosystems & Function, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; UCLA Section of Orthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Danielle Pi
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chloe Symons
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, UK
| | - Vipul Shukla
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Thomas A Vallim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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10
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Mizuta I, Nakao-Azuma Y, Yoshida H, Yamaguchi M, Mizuno T. Progress to Clarify How NOTCH3 Mutations Lead to CADASIL, a Hereditary Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38254727 PMCID: PMC10813265 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is conserved in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mammals. Among the four NOTCH genes in humans, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3 are known to cause monogenic hereditary disorders. Most NOTCH-related disorders are congenital and caused by a gain or loss of Notch signaling activity. In contrast, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) caused by NOTCH3 is adult-onset and considered to be caused by accumulation of the mutant NOTCH3 extracellular domain (N3ECD) and, possibly, by an impairment in Notch signaling. Pathophysiological processes following mutant N3ECD accumulation have been intensively investigated; however, the process leading to N3ECD accumulation and its association with canonical NOTCH3 signaling remain unknown. We reviewed the progress in clarifying the pathophysiological process involving mutant NOTCH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Mizuta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (I.M.)
| | - Yumiko Nakao-Azuma
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (I.M.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Kansai Gakken Laboratory, Kankyo Eisei Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 3-6-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (I.M.)
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11
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Granados AA, Kanrar N, Elowitz MB. Combinatorial expression motifs in signaling pathways. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100463. [PMID: 38216284 PMCID: PMC10794782 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In animal cells, molecular pathways often comprise families of variant components, such as ligands or receptors. These pathway components are differentially expressed by different cell types, potentially tailoring pathway function to cell context. However, it has remained unclear how pathway expression profiles are distributed across cell types and whether similar profiles can occur in dissimilar cell types. Here, using single-cell gene expression datasets, we identified pathway expression motifs, defined as recurrent expression profiles that are broadly distributed across diverse cell types. Motifs appeared in core pathways, including TGF-β, Notch, Wnt, and the SRSF splice factors, and involved combinatorial co-expression of multiple components. Motif usage was weakly correlated between pathways in adult cell types and during dynamic developmental transitions. Together, these results suggest a mosaic view of cell type organization, in which different cell types operate many of the same pathways in distinct modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Granados
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nivedita Kanrar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael B Elowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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12
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Troost T, Seib E, Airich A, Vüllings N, Necakov A, De Renzis S, Klein T. The meaning of ubiquitylation of the DSL ligand Delta for the development of Drosophila. BMC Biol 2023; 21:260. [PMID: 37974242 PMCID: PMC10655352 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitylation (ubi) of the intracellular domain of the Notch ligand Delta (Dl) by the E3 ligases Neuralized (Neur) and Mindbomb1 (Mib1) on lysines (Ks) is thought to be essential for the its signalling activity. Nevertheless, we have previously shown that DlK2R-HA, a Dl variant where all Ks in its intracellular domain (ICD) are replaced by the structurally similar arginine (R), still possess weak activity if over-expressed. This suggests that ubi is not absolutely required for Dl signalling. However, it is not known whether the residual activity of DlK2R-HA is an effect of over-expression and, if not, whether DlK2R can provide sufficient activity for the whole development of Drosophila. RESULTS To clarify these issues, we generated and analysed DlattP-DlK2R-HA, a knock-in allele into the Dl locus. Our analysis of this allele reveals that the sole presence of one copy of DlattP-DlK2R-HA can provide sufficient activity for completion of development. It further indicates that while ubi is required for the full activity of Dl in Mib1-dependent processes, it is not essential for Neur-controlled neural development. We identify three modes of Dl signalling that are either dependent or independent of ubi. Importantly, all modes depend on the presence of the endocytic adapter Epsin. During activation of Dl, direct binding of Epsin appears not to be an essential requirement. In addition, our analysis further reveals that the Ks are required to tune down the cis-inhibitory interaction of Dl with Notch. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Dl can activate the Notch pathway without ubi of its ICD. It signals via three modes. Ubi is specifically required for the Mib1-dependent processes and the adjustment of cis-inhibition. In contrast to Mib1, Neur can efficiently activate Dl without ubi. Neur probably acts as an endocytic co-adapter in addition to its role as E3 ligase. Endocytosis, regulated in a ubi-dependent or ubi-independent manner is required for signalling and also suppression of cis-inhibition. The findings clarify the role of ubi of the ligands during Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Troost
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Seib
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alina Airich
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Vüllings
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Necakov
- Department of Biological Science, Brock University, 1030, Ontario, L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Stefano De Renzis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Developmental Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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13
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Mora P, Chapouly C. Astrogliosis in multiple sclerosis and neuro-inflammation: what role for the notch pathway? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254586. [PMID: 37936690 PMCID: PMC10627009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system leading to neurodegeneration. It affects 2.3 million people worldwide, generally younger than 50. There is no known cure for the disease, and current treatment options - mainly immunotherapies to limit disease progression - are few and associated with serious side effects. In multiple sclerosis, disruption of the blood-brain barrier is an early event in the pathogenesis of lesions, predisposing to edema, excito-toxicity and inflammatory infiltration into the central nervous system. Recently, the vision of the blood brain barrier structure and integrity has changed and include contributions from all components of the neurovascular unit, among which astrocytes. During neuro-inflammation, astrocytes become reactive. They undergo morphological and molecular changes named "astrogliosis" driving the conversion from acute inflammatory injury to a chronic neurodegenerative state. Astrogliosis mechanisms are minimally explored despite their significance in regulating the autoimmune response during multiple sclerosis. Therefore, in this review, we take stock of the state of knowledge regarding astrogliosis in neuro-inflammation and highlight the central role of NOTCH signaling in the process of astrocyte reactivity. Indeed, a very detailed nomenclature published in nature neurosciences in 2021, listing all the reactive astrocyte markers fully identified in the literature, doesn't cover the NOTCH signaling. Hence, we discuss evidence supporting NOTCH1 receptor as a central regulator of astrogliosis in the pathophysiology of neuro-inflammation, notably multiple sclerosis, in human and experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mora
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
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14
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Brisset M, Mehlen P, Meurette O, Hollande F. Notch receptor/ligand diversity: contribution to colorectal cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231416. [PMID: 37860822 PMCID: PMC10582728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a key contributor to therapeutic failure and post-treatment recurrence. Targeting cell subpopulations responsible for chemoresistance and recurrence seems to be an attractive approach to improve treatment outcome in cancer patients. However, this remains challenging due to the complexity and incomplete characterization of tumor cell subpopulations. The heterogeneity of cells exhibiting stemness-related features, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance, fuels this complexity. Notch signaling is a known regulator of cancer stem cell (CSC) features in colorectal cancer (CRC), though the effects of its heterogenous signaling on CRC cell stemness are only just emerging. In this review, we discuss how Notch ligand-receptor specificity contributes to regulating stemness, self-renewal, chemoresistance and cancer stem cells heterogeneity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisset
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Tajiri R, Hirano A, Kaibara YY, Tezuka D, Chen Z, Kojima T. Notch signaling generates the "cut here line" on the cuticle of the puparium in Drosophila melanogaster. iScience 2023; 26:107279. [PMID: 37529108 PMCID: PMC10387574 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During a molt or eclosion, insects shed their cuticle, an extracellular matrix made by underlying epidermal cells, by cleavage along a defined line. This means that the "cut here line" is pre-formed on the cuticle, and its formation is indispensable for insect life. Here, we show that the proper formation of the operculum ridge (OR), which is the "cut here line" on the puparium (pupal case) of Drosophila melanogaster, involves Notch signaling activation in the epidermal cells just beneath the future OR region (OR-forming cells). The inhibition of Notch signaling causes defects in eclosion due to failure in OR cleavage, the chitin organization and several cuticular proteins localization, glucose dehydrogenase (Gld) activity, and OR-forming cell shape. Our findings provide the first insight into the molecular basis of the structure and formation of the "cut here line" on the cuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Tajiri
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Biosciences Building 501, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hirano
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Biosciences Building 501, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yu-ya Kaibara
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Biosciences Building 501, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Daiki Tezuka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Biosciences Building 501, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Zhengyang Chen
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Biosciences Building 501, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kojima
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Biosciences Building 501, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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16
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Kuebler CA, Paré AC. Striped Expression of Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins Coordinates Cell Intercalation and Compartment Boundary Formation in the Early Drosophila Embryo. Symmetry (Basel) 2023; 15:1490. [PMID: 38650964 PMCID: PMC11034934 DOI: 10.3390/sym15081490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Planar polarity is a commonly observed phenomenon in which proteins display a consistent asymmetry in their subcellular localization or activity across the plane of a tissue. During animal development, planar polarity is a fundamental mechanism for coordinating the behaviors of groups of cells to achieve anisotropic tissue remodeling, growth, and organization. Therefore, a primary focus of developmental biology research has been to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying planar polarity in a variety of systems to identify conserved principles of tissue organization. In the early Drosophila embryo, the germband neuroectoderm epithelium rapidly doubles in length along the anterior-posterior axis through a process known as convergent extension (CE); it also becomes subdivided into tandem tissue compartments through the formation of compartment boundaries (CBs). Both processes are dependent on the planar polarity of proteins involved in cellular tension and adhesion. The enrichment of actomyosin-based tension and adherens junction-based adhesion at specific cell-cell contacts is required for coordinated cell intercalation, which drives CE, and the creation of highly stable cell-cell contacts at CBs. Recent studies have revealed a system for rapid cellular polarization triggered by the expression of leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) cell-surface proteins in striped patterns. In particular, the non-uniform expression of Toll-2, Toll-6, Toll-8, and Tartan generates local cellular asymmetries that allow cells to distinguish between cell-cell contacts oriented parallel or perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis. In this review, we discuss (1) the biomechanical underpinnings of CE and CB formation, (2) how the initial symmetry-breaking events of anterior-posterior patterning culminate in planar polarity, and (3) recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms downstream of LRR receptors that lead to planar polarized tension and junctional adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A. Kuebler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Adam C. Paré
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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17
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Troost T, Binshtok U, Sprinzak D, Klein T. Cis-inhibition suppresses basal Notch signaling during sensory organ precursor selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214535120. [PMID: 37252950 PMCID: PMC10266033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214535120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the sensory organ precursor (SOP) from an equivalence group in Drosophila is a paradigm for studying single-cell fate specification through Notch-mediated lateral inhibition. Yet, it remains unclear how only a single SOP is selected from a relatively large group of cells. We show here that a critical aspect of SOP selection is controlled by cis-inhibition (CI), whereby the Notch ligands, Delta (Dl), cis-inhibit Notch receptors in the same cell. Based on the observation that the mammalian ligand Dl-like 1 cannot cis-inhibit Notch in Drosophila, we probe the role of CI in vivo. We develop a mathematical model for SOP selection where Dl activity is independently regulated by the ubiquitin ligases Neuralized and Mindbomb1. We show theoretically and experimentally that Mindbomb1 induces basal Notch activity, which is suppressed by CI. Our results highlight the trade-off between basal Notch activity and CI as a mechanism for singling out a SOP from a large equivalence group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Troost
- Institut fuer Genetik, Heinrich-Heine-Universtitaet Duesseldorf40225Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Udi Binshtok
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - David Sprinzak
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institut fuer Genetik, Heinrich-Heine-Universtitaet Duesseldorf40225Duesseldorf, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Notch signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that coordinates cellular differentiation during the development and homeostasis in numerous organs and tissues across metazoans. Activation of Notch signaling relies on direct contact between neighboring cells and mechanical pulling of the Notch receptors by the Notch ligands. Notch signaling is commonly used in developmental processes to coordinate the differentiation into distinct cell fates of neighboring cells. In this Development at a Glance article, we describe the current understanding of the Notch pathway activation and the different regulatory levels that control the pathway. We then describe several developmental processes where Notch is crucial for coordinating differentiation. These examples include processes that are largely based on lateral inhibition mechanisms giving rise to alternating patterns (e.g. SOP selection, hair cell in the inner ear and neural stem cell maintenance), as well as processes where Notch activity is oscillatory (e.g. somitogenesis and neurogenesis in mammals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Gozlan
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David Sprinzak
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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19
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Chen D, Forghany Z, Liu X, Wang H, Merks RMH, Baker DA. A new model of Notch signalling: Control of Notch receptor cis-inhibition via Notch ligand dimers. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010169. [PMID: 36668673 PMCID: PMC9891537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
All tissue development and replenishment relies upon the breaking of symmetries leading to the morphological and operational differentiation of progenitor cells into more specialized cells. One of the main engines driving this process is the Notch signal transduction pathway, a ubiquitous signalling system found in the vast majority of metazoan cell types characterized to date. Broadly speaking, Notch receptor activity is governed by a balance between two processes: 1) intercellular Notch transactivation triggered via interactions between receptors and ligands expressed in neighbouring cells; 2) intracellular cis inhibition caused by ligands binding to receptors within the same cell. Additionally, recent reports have also unveiled evidence of cis activation. Whilst context-dependent Notch receptor clustering has been hypothesized, to date, Notch signalling has been assumed to involve an interplay between receptor and ligand monomers. In this study, we demonstrate biochemically, through a mutational analysis of DLL4, both in vitro and in tissue culture cells, that Notch ligands can efficiently self-associate. We found that the membrane proximal EGF-like repeat of DLL4 was necessary and sufficient to promote oligomerization/dimerization. Mechanistically, our experimental evidence supports the view that DLL4 ligand dimerization is specifically required for cis-inhibition of Notch receptor activity. To further substantiate these findings, we have adapted and extended existing ordinary differential equation-based models of Notch signalling to take account of the ligand dimerization-dependent cis-inhibition reported here. Our new model faithfully recapitulates our experimental data and improves predictions based upon published data. Collectively, our work favours a model in which net output following Notch receptor/ligand binding results from ligand monomer-driven Notch receptor transactivation (and cis activation) counterposed by ligand dimer-mediated cis-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daipeng Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zary Forghany
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Roeland M. H. Merks
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (RMHM); (DAB)
| | - David A. Baker
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (RMHM); (DAB)
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20
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Zamfirescu AM, Yatsenko AS, Shcherbata HR. Notch signaling sculpts the stem cell niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1027222. [PMID: 36605720 PMCID: PMC9810114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1027222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells depend on their niches for regulatory signaling that controls their maintenance, division, and their progeny differentiation. While communication between various types of stem cells and their niches is becoming clearer, the process of stem cell niche establishment is still not very well understood. Model genetic organisms provide simplified systems to address various complex questions, for example, how is a stem cell niche formed? What signaling cascades induce the stem cell niche formation? Are the mechanisms of stem cell niche formation conserved? Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway first identified in fruit flies, crucial in fate acquisition and spatiotemporal patterning. While the core logic behind its activity is fairly simple and requires direct cell-cell interaction, it reaches an astonishing complexity and versatility by combining its different modes of action. Subtleties such as equivalency between communicating cells, their physical distance, receptor and ligand processing, and endocytosis can have an effect on the way the events unfold, and this review explores some important general mechanisms of action, later on focusing on its involvement in stem cell niche formation. First, looking at invertebrates, we will examine how Notch signaling induces the formation of germline stem cell niche in male and female Drosophila. In the developing testis, a group of somatic gonadal precursor cells receive Delta signals from the gut, activating Notch signaling and sealing their fate as niche cells even before larval hatching. Meanwhile, the ovarian germline stem cell niche is built later during late larval stages and requires a two-step process that involves terminal filament formation and cap cell specification. Intriguingly, double security mechanisms of Notch signaling activation coordinated by the soma or the germline control both steps to ensure the robustness of niche assembly. Second, in the vast domains of mammalian cellular signaling, there is an emerging picture of Notch being an active player in a variety of tissues in health and disease. Notch involvement has been shown in stem cell niche establishment in multiple organs, including the brain, muscle, and intestine, where the stem cell niches are essential for the maintenance of adult stem cells. But adult stem cells are not the only cells looking for a home. Cancer stem cells use Notch signaling at specific stages to gain an advantage over endogenous tissue and overpower it, at the same time acquiring migratory and invasive abilities to claim new tissues (e.g., bone) as their territory. Moreover, in vitro models such as organoids reveal similar Notch employment when it comes to the developing stem cell niches. Therefore, a better understanding of the processes regulating stem cell niche assembly is key for the fields of stem cell biology and regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Halyna R. Shcherbata
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States,*Correspondence: Halyna R. Shcherbata,
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21
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Odell ID, Steach H, Gauld SB, Reinke-Breen L, Karman J, Carr TL, Wetter JB, Phillips L, Hinchcliff M, Flavell RA. Epiregulin is a dendritic cell-derived EGFR ligand that maintains skin and lung fibrosis. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabq6691. [PMID: 36490328 PMCID: PMC9840167 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq6691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are fundamental regulators of extracellular matrix (ECM) production by fibroblasts and have important roles in determining extent of fibrosis in response to inflammation. Although much is known about fibroblast signaling in fibrosis, the molecular signals between immune cells and fibroblasts that drive its persistence are poorly understood. We therefore analyzed skin and lung samples of patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, an autoimmune disease that causes debilitating fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Here, we define a critical role of epiregulin-EGFR signaling between dendritic cells and fibroblasts to maintain elevated ECM production and accumulation in fibrotic tissue. We found that epiregulin expression marks an inducible state of DC3 dendritic cells triggered by type I interferon and that DC3-derived epiregulin activates EGFR on fibroblasts, driving a positive feedback loop through NOTCH signaling. In mouse models of skin and lung fibrosis, epiregulin was essential for persistence of fibrosis in both tissues, which could be abrogated by epiregulin genetic deficiency or a neutralizing antibody. Therapeutic administration of epiregulin antibody reversed fibrosis in patient skin and lung explants, identifying it as a previously unexplored biologic drug target. Our findings reveal epiregulin as a crucial immune signal that maintains skin and lung fibrosis in multiple diseases and represents a promising antifibrotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D. Odell
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Holly Steach
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Monique Hinchcliff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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22
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Jain I, Berg IC, Acharya A, Blaauw M, Gosstola N, Perez-Pinera P, Underhill GH. Delineating cooperative effects of Notch and biomechanical signals on patterned liver differentiation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1073. [PMID: 36207581 PMCID: PMC9546876 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled in vitro multicellular culture systems with defined biophysical microenvironment have been used to elucidate the role of Notch signaling in the spatiotemporal regulation of stem and progenitor cell differentiation. In addition, computational models incorporating features of Notch ligand-receptor interactions have provided important insights into Notch pathway signaling dynamics. However, the mechanistic relationship between Notch-mediated intercellular signaling and cooperative microenvironmental cues is less clear. Here, liver progenitor cell differentiation patterning was used as a model to systematically evaluate the complex interplay of cellular mechanics and Notch signaling along with identifying combinatorial mechanisms guiding progenitor fate. We present an integrated approach that pairs a computational intercellular signaling model with defined microscale culture configurations provided within a cell microarray platform. Specifically, the cell microarray-based experiments were used to validate and optimize parameters of the intercellular Notch signaling model. This model incorporated the experimentally established multicellular dimensions of the cellular microarray domains, mechanical stress-related activation parameters, and distinct Notch receptor-ligand interactions based on the roles of the Notch ligands Jagged-1 and Delta-like-1. Overall, these studies demonstrate the spatial control of mechanotransduction-associated components, key growth factor and Notch signaling interactions, and point towards a possible role of E-Cadherin in translating intercellular mechanical gradients to downstream Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Jain
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Ian C Berg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Ayusha Acharya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Maddie Blaauw
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Nicholas Gosstola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Pablo Perez-Pinera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Gregory H Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA.
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23
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Delta/Notch signaling in glia maintains motor nerve barrier function and synaptic transmission by controlling matrix metalloproteinase expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110097119. [PMID: 35969789 PMCID: PMC9407389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110097119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have made a surprising discovery linking Delta/Notch signaling in subperineurial glia (SPG) to the regulation of nerve ensheathment and neurotransmitter release at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ). SPG, the counterpart of the endothelial layer in the vertebrate blood–brain barrier, form the key cellular layer that is critical for axonal ensheathment and the blood–brain barrier in Drosophila. Our findings demonstrate that Delta/Notch signaling exerts a constitutive negative inhibition on JNK signaling in SPG, thereby limiting the expression of Mmp1, a matrix metalloproteinase. SPG-specific and temporally regulated knockdown of Delta leads to breakdown of barrier function and compromises neurotransmitter release at the NMJ. Our results provide a mechanistic insight into the biology of barrier function and glia–neuron interactions. While the role of barrier function in establishing a protective, nutrient-rich, and ionically balanced environment for neurons has been appreciated for some time, little is known about how signaling cues originating in barrier-forming cells participate in maintaining barrier function and influence synaptic activity. We have identified Delta/Notch signaling in subperineurial glia (SPG), a crucial glial type for Drosophila motor axon ensheathment and the blood–brain barrier, to be essential for controlling the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Mmp1), a major regulator of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Our genetic analysis indicates that Delta/Notch signaling in SPG exerts an inhibitory control on Mmp1 expression. In the absence of this inhibition, abnormally enhanced Mmp1 activity disrupts septate junctions and glial ensheathment of peripheral motor nerves, compromising neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Temporally controlled and cell type–specific transgenic analysis shows that Delta/Notch signaling inhibits transcription of Mmp1 by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in SPG. Our results provide a mechanistic insight into the regulation of neuronal health and function via glial-initiated signaling and open a framework for understanding the complex relationship between ECM regulation and the maintenance of barrier function.
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Furman DP, Bukharina TA. Genetic Regulation of Morphogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster Mechanoreceptors. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Vázquez-Ulloa E, Lin KL, Lizano M, Sahlgren C. Reversible and bidirectional signaling of notch ligands. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:377-398. [PMID: 36048510 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a direct cell-cell communication system involved in a wide variety of biological processes, and its disruption is observed in several pathologies. The pathway is comprised of a ligand-expressing (sender) cell and a receptor-expressing (receiver) cell. The canonical ligands are members of the Delta/Serrate/Lag-1 (DSL) family of proteins. Their binding to a Notch receptor in a neighboring cell induces a conformational change in the receptor, which will undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), liberating the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). The NICD is translocated to the nucleus and promotes gene transcription. It has been demonstrated that the ligands can also undergo RIP and nuclear translocation, suggesting a function for the ligands in the sender cell and possible bidirectionality of the Notch pathway. Although the complete mechanism of ligand processing is not entirely understood, and its dependence on Notch receptors has not been ruled out. Also, ligands have autonomous functions beyond Notch activation. Here we review the concepts of reverse and bidirectional signalization of DSL proteins and discuss the characteristics that make them more than just ligands of the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenaé Vázquez-Ulloa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kai-Lan Lin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Galbraith M, Bocci F, Onuchic JN. Stochastic fluctuations promote ordered pattern formation of cells in the Notch-Delta signaling pathway. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010306. [PMID: 35862460 PMCID: PMC9345490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch-Delta signaling pathway mediates cell differentiation implicated in many regulatory processes including spatiotemporal patterning in tissues by promoting alternate cell fates between neighboring cells. At the multicellular level, this "lateral inhibition” principle leads to checkerboard patterns with alternation of Sender and Receiver cells. While it is well known that stochasticity modulates cell fate specification, little is known about how stochastic fluctuations at the cellular level propagate during multicell pattern formation. Here, we model stochastic fluctuations in the Notch-Delta pathway in the presence of two different noise types–shot and white–for a multicell system. Our results show that intermediate fluctuations reduce disorder and guide the multicell lattice toward checkerboard-like patterns. By further analyzing cell fate transition events, we demonstrate that intermediate noise amplitudes provide enough perturbation to facilitate “proofreading” of disordered patterns and cause cells to switch to the correct ordered state (Sender surrounded by Receivers, and vice versa). Conversely, high noise can override environmental signals coming from neighboring cells and lead to switching between ordered and disordered patterns. Therefore, in analogy with spin glass systems, intermediate noise levels allow the multicell Notch system to escape frustrated patterns and relax towards the lower energy checkerboard pattern while at large noise levels the system is unable to find this ordered base of attraction. The Notch pathway is involved in many biological processes and is known to form precise spatial patterns alternating Sender and Receiver cell states. Quantifying the implications of stochastic fluctuations provided insight that patterns formed in Notch-mediated pathways must follow a predetermined path towards checkerboard or exist in a noisy environment which promotes order through error correction. We model Notch pattern formation stochastically and analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics. Our results show multicellular systems equilibrate towards ordered systems, but mistakes in the initial lattice propagate causing the systems to relax into frustrated systems. Only through existing in a noisy environment are the systems able to relax into the checkerboard pattern. Analyzing the temporal dynamics confirms, in environments with intermediate noise, the “incorrect” cells (Sender in a Sender environment, and vice versa) can be flipped to the correct state (Sender in a Receiver environment, and vice versa). Comparing with the spin glass energy landscape, we suggest the multicellular model follows a rugged landscape to form patterns with stochastic fluctuations required to enforce order throughout the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Galbraith
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Federico Bocci
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate research, University of California Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FB); (JNO)
| | - José N. Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FB); (JNO)
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27
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Multiple Mechanisms of NOTCH1 Activation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: NOTCH1 Mutations and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122997. [PMID: 35740661 PMCID: PMC9221163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mutations of the NOTCH1 gene are a validated prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a potential predictive marker for anti-CD20-based therapies. At present, the most frequent pathological alteration of the NOTCH1 gene is due to somatic genetic mutations, which have a multifaceted functional impact. However, beside NOTCH1 mutations, other factors may lead to activation of the NOTCH1 pathway, and these include mutations of FBXW7, MED12, SPEN, SF3B1 as well as other B-cell pathways. Understanding the preferential strategies though which CLL cells hijack NOTCH1 signaling may present important clues for designing targeted treatment strategies for the management of CLL. Abstract The Notch signaling pathway plays a fundamental role for the terminal differentiation of multiple cell types, including B and T lymphocytes. The Notch receptors are transmembrane proteins that, upon ligand engagement, undergo multiple processing steps that ultimately release their intracytoplasmic portion. The activated protein ultimately operates as a nuclear transcriptional co-factor, whose stability is finely regulated. The Notch pathway has gained growing attention in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) because of the high rate of somatic mutations of the NOTCH1 gene. In CLL, NOTCH1 mutations represent a validated prognostic marker and a potential predictive marker for anti-CD20-based therapies, as pathological alterations of the Notch pathway can provide significant growth and survival advantage to neoplastic clone. However, beside NOTCH1 mutation, other events have been demonstrated to perturb the Notch pathway, namely somatic mutations of upstream, or even apparently unrelated, proteins such as FBXW7, MED12, SPEN, SF3B1, as well as physiological signals from other pathways such as the B-cell receptor. Here we review these mechanisms of activation of the NOTCH1 pathway in the context of CLL; the resulting picture highlights how multiple different mechanisms, that might occur under specific genomic, phenotypic and microenvironmental contexts, ultimately result in the same search for proliferative and survival advantages (through activation of MYC), as well as immune escape and therapy evasion (from anti-CD20 biological therapies). Understanding the preferential strategies through which CLL cells hijack NOTCH1 signaling may present important clues for designing targeted treatment strategies for the management of CLL.
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Sánchez-Iranzo H, Halavatyi A, Diz-Muñoz A. Strength of interactions in the Notch gene regulatory network determines patterning and fate in the notochord. eLife 2022; 11:75429. [PMID: 35658971 PMCID: PMC9170247 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of multicellular organisms requires the generation of gene expression patterns that determines cell fate and organ shape. Groups of genetic interactions known as Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) play a key role in the generation of such patterns. However, how the topology and parameters of GRNs determine patterning in vivo remains unclear due to the complexity of most experimental systems. To address this, we use the zebrafish notochord, an organ where coin-shaped precursor cells are initially arranged in a simple unidimensional geometry. These cells then differentiate into vacuolated and sheath cells. Using newly developed transgenic tools together with in vivo imaging, we identify jag1a and her6/her9 as the main components of a Notch GRN that generates a lateral inhibition pattern and determines cell fate. Making use of this experimental system and mathematical modeling we show that lateral inhibition patterning is promoted when ligand-receptor interactions are stronger within the same cell than in neighboring cells. Altogether, we establish the zebrafish notochord as an experimental system to study pattern generation, and identify and characterize how the properties of GRNs determine self-organization of gene patterning and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Sánchez-Iranzo
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr Halavatyi
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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29
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Meltzer H, Schuldiner O. Spatiotemporal Control of Neuronal Remodeling by Cell Adhesion Molecules: Insights From Drosophila. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:897706. [PMID: 35645712 PMCID: PMC9135462 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.897706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental neuronal remodeling is required for shaping the precise connectivity of the mature nervous system. Remodeling involves pruning of exuberant neural connections, often followed by regrowth of adult-specific ones, as a strategy to refine neural circuits. Errors in remodeling are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Despite its fundamental nature, our understanding of the mechanisms governing neuronal remodeling is far from complete. Specifically, how precise spatiotemporal control of remodeling and rewiring is achieved is largely unknown. In recent years, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and other cell surface and secreted proteins of various families, have been implicated in processes of neurite pruning and wiring specificity during circuit reassembly. Here, we review some of the known as well as speculated roles of CAMs in these processes, highlighting recent advances in uncovering spatiotemporal aspects of regulation. Our focus is on the fruit fly Drosophila, which is emerging as a powerful model in the field, due to the extensive, well-characterized and stereotypic remodeling events occurring throughout its nervous system during metamorphosis, combined with the wide and constantly growing toolkit to identify CAM binding and resulting cellular interactions in vivo. We believe that its many advantages pose Drosophila as a leading candidate for future breakthroughs in the field of neuronal remodeling in general, and spatiotemporal control by CAMs specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Meltzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Hagar Meltzer,
| | - Oren Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Oren Schuldiner,
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30
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O'Hare M, Arboleda-Velasquez JF. Notch Signaling in Vascular Endothelial and Mural Cell Communications. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a041159. [PMID: 35534207 PMCID: PMC9435572 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a highly versatile and evolutionarily conserved mechanism with an important role in cell fate determination. Notch signaling plays a vital role in vascular development, regulating several fundamental processes such as angiogenesis, arterial/venous differentiation, and mural cell investment. Aberrant Notch signaling can result in severe vascular phenotypes as observed in cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and Alagille syndrome. It is known that vascular endothelial cells and mural cells interact to regulate vessel formation, cell maturation, and stability of the vascular network. Defective endothelial-mural cell interactions are a common phenotype in diseases characterized by impaired vascular integrity. Further refinement of the role of Notch signaling in the vascular junctions will be critical to attempts to modulate Notch in the context of human vascular disease. In this review, we aim to consolidate and summarize our current understanding of Notch signaling in the vascular endothelial and mural cells during development and in the adult vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O'Hare
- Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Joseph F Arboleda-Velasquez
- Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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31
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Zhang Y, Hernandez M, Gower J, Winicki N, Morataya X, Alvarez S, Yuan JXJ, Shyy J, Thistlethwaite PA. JAGGED-NOTCH3 signaling in vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl5471. [PMID: 35507674 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl5471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Within the pulmonary arterial tree, the NOTCH3 pathway is crucial in controlling vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and maintaining smooth muscle cells in an undifferentiated state. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease without cure, characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance due to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in precapillary arteries, perivascular inflammation, and asymmetric neointimal hyperplasia. Here, we show that human PAH is characterized by overexpression of the NOTCH ligand JAGGED-1 (JAG-1) in small pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and that JAG-1 selectively controls NOTCH3 signaling and cellular proliferation in an autocrine fashion. In contrast, the NOTCH ligand DELTA-LIKE 4 is minimally expressed in small pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from individuals with PAH, inhibits NOTCH3 cleavage and signaling, and retards vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. A new monoclonal antibody for the treatment of PAH, which blocks JAG-1 cis- and trans-induced cleavage of the NOTCH3 receptor in the pulmonary vasculature, was developed. Inhibition of JAG-1-induced NOTCH3 signaling in the lung reverses clinical and pathologic pulmonary hypertension in two rodent models of disease, without toxic side effects associated with nonspecific NOTCH inhibitors. Our data suggest opposing roles of NOTCH ligands in the pulmonary vasculature in pulmonary hypertension. We propose that selectively targeting JAG-1 activation of NOTCH3 may be an effective, safe strategy to treat PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Moises Hernandez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan Gower
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nolan Winicki
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xena Morataya
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sebastian Alvarez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John Shyy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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32
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Gioftsidi S, Relaix F, Mourikis P. The Notch signaling network in muscle stem cells during development, homeostasis, and disease. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:9. [PMID: 35459219 PMCID: PMC9027478 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells have a central role in muscle growth and regeneration. They reside as quiescent cells in resting muscle and in response to damage they transiently amplify and fuse to produce new myofibers or self-renew to replenish the stem cell pool. A signaling pathway that is critical in the regulation of all these processes is Notch. Despite the major differences in the anatomical and cellular niches between the embryonic myotome, the adult sarcolemma/basement-membrane interphase, and the regenerating muscle, Notch signaling has evolved to support the context-specific requirements of the muscle cells. In this review, we discuss the diverse ways by which Notch signaling factors and other modifying partners are operating during the lifetime of muscle stem cells to establish an adaptive dynamic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Gioftsidi
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB), F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Frederic Relaix
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB), F-94010, Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hopital Mondor, Service d'Histologie, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Philippos Mourikis
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB), F-94010, Créteil, France.
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Alhashem Z, Feldner-Busztin D, Revell C, Alvarez-Garcillan Portillo M, Camargo-Sosa K, Richardson J, Rocha M, Gauert A, Corbeaux T, Milanetto M, Argenton F, Tiso N, Kelsh RN, Prince VE, Bentley K, Linker C. Notch controls the cell cycle to define leader versus follower identities during collective cell migration. eLife 2022; 11:e73550. [PMID: 35438077 PMCID: PMC9129880 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of cell proliferation and migration is fundamental for life, and its dysregulation has catastrophic consequences, such as cancer. How cell cycle progression affects migration, and vice versa, remains largely unknown. We address these questions by combining in silico modelling and in vivo experimentation in the zebrafish trunk neural crest (TNC). TNC migrate collectively, forming chains with a leader cell directing the movement of trailing followers. We show that the acquisition of migratory identity is autonomously controlled by Notch signalling in TNC. High Notch activity defines leaders, while low Notch determines followers. Moreover, cell cycle progression is required for TNC migration and is regulated by Notch. Cells with low Notch activity stay longer in G1 and become followers, while leaders with high Notch activity quickly undergo G1/S transition and remain in S-phase longer. In conclusion, TNC migratory identities are defined through the interaction of Notch signalling and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Alhashem
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher Revell
- Cellular Adaptive Behaviour Lab, Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Karen Camargo-Sosa
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Joanna Richardson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Manuel Rocha
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Anton Gauert
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tatianna Corbeaux
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Robert N Kelsh
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Victoria E Prince
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Katie Bentley
- Cellular Adaptive Behaviour Lab, Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Informatics, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claudia Linker
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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34
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Nian FS, Hou PS. Evolving Roles of Notch Signaling in Cortical Development. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:844410. [PMID: 35422684 PMCID: PMC9001970 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.844410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of the neocortex is thought to pave the way toward acquisition of higher cognitive functions in mammals. The highly conserved Notch signaling pathway plays a crucial role in this process by regulating the size of the cortical progenitor pool, in part by controlling the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we introduce the components of Notch signaling pathway as well as the different mode of molecular mechanisms, including trans- and cis-regulatory processes. We focused on the recent findings with regard to the expression pattern and levels in regulating neocortical formation in mammals and its interactions with other known signaling pathways, including Slit–Robo signaling and Shh signaling. Finally, we review the functions of Notch signaling pathway in different species as well as other developmental process, mainly somitogenesis, to discuss how modifications to the Notch signaling pathway can drive the evolution of the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Shin Nian
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Hou
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Pei-Shan Hou,
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35
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Dhamodaran K, Baidouri H, Nartey A, Staverosky J, Keller K, Acott T, Vranka J, Raghunathan V. Endogenous expression of Notch pathway molecules in human trabecular meshwork cells. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108935. [PMID: 35033558 PMCID: PMC8885976 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cells in the trabecular meshwork sense and respond to a myriad of physical forces through a process known as mechanotransduction. Whilst the effect of substratum stiffness or stretch on TM cells have been investigated in the context of transforming growth factor (TGF-β), Wnt and YAP/TAZ pathways, the role of Notch signaling, an evolutionarily conserved pathway, recently implicated in mechanotransduction, has not been investigated in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. Here, we compare the endogenous expression of Notch pathway molecules in TM cells from glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous donors, segmental flow regions, and when subjected to cyclical strain, or grown on hydrogels of varying rigidity. METHODS Primary TM from glaucomatous (GTM), non-glaucomatous (NTM) donors, and from segmental flow regions [high flow (HF), low flow (LF)], were utilized between passages 2-6. Cells were (i) plated on tissue culture plastic, (ii) subjected to cyclical strain (6 h and 24 h), or (iii) cultured on 3 kPa and 80 kPa hydrogels. mRNA levels of Notch receptors/ligands/effectors in the TM cells was determined by qRT-PCR. Phagocytosis was determined as a function of substratum stiffness in NTM-HF/LF cells in the presence or absence of 100 nM Dexamethasone treatment. RESULTS Innate expression of Notch pathway genes were significantly overexpressed in GTM cells with no discernible differences observed between HF/LF cells in either NTM or GTM cells cultured on plastic substrates. With 6 h of cyclical strain, a subset of Notch pathway genes presented with altered expression. Expression of Notch receptors/ligands/receptors/inhibitors progressively declined with increasing stiffness and this correlated with phagocytic ability of NTM cells. Dexamethasone treatment decreased phagocytosis regardless of stiffness or cells isolated from segmental outflow regions. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate here that the Notch expression in cultured TM cells differ intrinsically between GTM vs NTM, and by substratum cues (cyclical strain and stiffness). Of import, the most apparent differences in gene expression were observed as a function of substratum stiffness which closely followed phagocytic ability of cells. Interestingly, on soft substrates (mimicking normal TM stiffness) Notch expression and phagocytosis was highest, while both expression and phagocytosis was significantly lower on stiffer substrates (mimicking glaucomatous stiffness) regardless of DEX treatment. Such context dependent changes suggest Notch pathway may play differing roles in disease vs homeostasis. Studies focused on understanding the mechanistic role of Notch (if any) in outflow homeostasis are thus warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh Dhamodaran
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hasna Baidouri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrews Nartey
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julia Staverosky
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kate Keller
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ted Acott
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Janice Vranka
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - VijayKrishna Raghunathan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Correspondence should be sent to: VijayKrishna Raghunathan, Ph.D., University of Houston, College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, Phone: (713)-743-8331,
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36
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Thambyrajah R, Bigas A. Notch Signaling in HSC Emergence: When, Why and How. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030358. [PMID: 35159166 PMCID: PMC8833884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) sustains blood homeostasis throughout life in vertebrates. During embryonic development, HSCs emerge from the aorta-gonads and mesonephros (AGM) region along with hematopoietic progenitors within hematopoietic clusters which are found in the dorsal aorta, the main arterial vessel. Notch signaling, which is essential for arterial specification of the aorta, is also crucial in hematopoietic development and HSC activity. In this review, we will present and discuss the evidence that we have for Notch activity in hematopoietic cell fate specification and the crosstalk with the endothelial and arterial lineage. The core hematopoietic program is conserved across vertebrates and here we review studies conducted using different models of vertebrate hematopoiesis, including zebrafish, mouse and in vitro differentiated Embryonic stem cells. To fulfill the goal of engineering HSCs in vitro, we need to understand the molecular processes that modulate Notch signaling during HSC emergence in a temporal and spatial context. Here, we review relevant contributions from different model systems that are required to specify precursors of HSC and HSC activity through Notch interactions at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
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Hadjivasiliou Z, Hunter G. Talking to your neighbors across scales: Long-distance Notch signaling during patterning. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 150:299-334. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ungricht R, Guibbal L, Lasbennes MC, Orsini V, Beibel M, Waldt A, Cuttat R, Carbone W, Basler A, Roma G, Nigsch F, Tchorz JS, Hoepfner D, Hoppe PS. Genome-wide screening in human kidney organoids identifies developmental and disease-related aspects of nephrogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 29:160-175.e7. [PMID: 34847364 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human organoids allow the study of proliferation, lineage specification, and 3D tissue development. Here we present a genome-wide CRISPR screen in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived kidney organoids. The combination of inducible genome editing, longitudinal sampling, and endpoint sorting of tubular and stromal cells generated a complex, high-quality dataset uncovering a broad spectrum of insightful biology from early development to "adult" epithelial morphogenesis. Our functional dataset allows improving mesoderm induction by ROCK inhibition, contains monogenetic and complex trait kidney disease genes, confirms two additional congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) genes (CCDC170 and MYH7B), and provides a large candidate list of ciliopathy-related genes. Finally, identification of a cis-inhibitory effect of Jagged1 controlling epithelial proliferation shows how mosaic knockouts in pooled CRISPR screening can reveal ways of communication between heterogeneous cell populations in complex tissues. These data serve as a rich resource for the kidney research community and as a benchmark for future iPSC-derived organoid CRISPR screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Ungricht
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guibbal
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Vanessa Orsini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beibel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Waldt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Cuttat
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Carbone
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Basler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Nigsch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Hoppe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Bonnet C, González S, Roberts JS, Robertson SYT, Ruiz M, Zheng J, Deng SX. Human limbal epithelial stem cell regulation, bioengineering and function. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 85:100956. [PMID: 33676006 PMCID: PMC8428188 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is continuously renewed by limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs), a cell population harbored in a highly regulated niche located at the limbus. Dysfunction and/or loss of LSCs and their niche cause limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), a disease that is marked by invasion of conjunctival epithelium into the cornea and results in failure of epithelial wound healing. Corneal opacity, pain, loss of vision, and blindness are the consequences of LSCD. Successful treatment of LSCD depends on accurate diagnosis and staging of the disease and requires restoration of functional LSCs and their niche. This review highlights the major advances in the identification of potential LSC biomarkers and components of the LSC niche, understanding of LSC regulation, methods and regulatory standards in bioengineering of LSCs, and diagnosis and staging of LSCD. Overall, this review presents key points for researchers and clinicians alike to consider in deepening the understanding of LSC biology and improving LSCD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnet
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cornea Department, Paris University, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Sheyla González
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - JoAnn S Roberts
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah Y T Robertson
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maxime Ruiz
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Basic Science Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Martinez Lyons A, Boulter L. The developmental origins of Notch-driven intrahepatic bile duct disorders. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048413. [PMID: 34549776 PMCID: PMC8480193 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell-cell communication that mediates cellular proliferation, cell fate specification, and maintenance of stem and progenitor cell populations. In the vertebrate liver, an absence of Notch signaling results in failure to form bile ducts, a complex tubular network that radiates throughout the liver, which, in healthy individuals, transports bile from the liver into the bowel. Loss of a functional biliary network through congenital malformations during development results in cholestasis and necessitates liver transplantation. Here, we examine to what extent Notch signaling is necessary throughout embryonic life to initiate the proliferation and specification of biliary cells and concentrate on the animal and human models that have been used to define how perturbations in this signaling pathway result in developmental liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Wang YP, Liu IJ, Chen KC, Wu HC. NOTCH1 signaling promotes protein stability of HER3 through the AKT pathway in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:59. [PMID: 34465724 PMCID: PMC8408252 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) remains the sole druggable molecular target other than the PD1/PD-L1 pathway with meaningful clinical benefit in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) confers the resistance to EGFR-targeted treatment in SCCHN. Thus, it is essential to determine the distribution and regulatory mechanisms of HER3 in SCCHN. We explored the prevalence of HER3 expression and its distribution within SCCHN by immunohistochemical staining and clinicopathological correlations were analyzed. The regulatory mechanism of HER3 expression was then dissected in vitro, using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation in a set of SCCHN cell lines. Subsequent in vivo validation in the murine model was also performed. We found that concomitant high expression of HER3 and its ligand NRG1 in SCCHN is associated with the increased presence of regional lymphatic metastasis and the majority of HER3 is located on the differentiated tumor cells. Further investigation revealed that HER3 is under positive control of NOTCH1 through transcriptional activation and inhibition of protein degradation through the polyubiquitination machinery via AKT pathway and USP8 deubiquitinating enzyme. In addition, loss of function of NOTCH1 suppresses HER3 expression through increased phosphorylation of serine 473 of AKT in SCCHN cells, and promotes the aggressiveness of the tumor cells. These data indicated that the level of HER3 is regulated by NOTCH1 in SCCHN both transcriptionally and post-translationally, and NOTCH1 is in a higher hierarchy in the regulatory system of the AKT pathway. Since NOTCH1 is inactivated in approximately 10% of SCCHN cases and this aberration strongly impacts the AKT pathway and diminishes HER3, exclusion of patients with NOTCH1-inactivated SCCHN may be beneficial for future clinical trials of HER3-targeting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chi Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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42
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Feedback regulation of Notch signaling and myogenesis connected by MyoD-Dll1 axis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009729. [PMID: 34370738 PMCID: PMC8376015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle precursor cells known as myoblasts are essential for muscle development and regeneration. Notch signaling is an ancient intercellular communication mechanism that plays prominent roles in controlling the myogenic program of myoblasts. Currently whether and how the myogenic cues feedback to refine Notch activities in these cells are largely unknown. Here, by mouse and human gene gain/loss-of-function studies, we report that MyoD directly turns on the expression of Notch-ligand gene Dll1 which activates Notch pathway to prevent precautious differentiation in neighboring myoblasts, while autonomously inhibits Notch to facilitate a myogenic program in Dll1 expressing cells. Mechanistically, we studied cis-regulatory DNA motifs underlying the MyoD-Dll1-Notch axis in vivo by characterizing myogenesis of a novel E-box deficient mouse model, as well as in human cells through CRISPR-mediated interference. These results uncovered the crucial transcriptional mechanism that mediates the reciprocal controls of Notch and myogenesis.
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43
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Interaction between Ras and Src clones causes interdependent tumor malignancy via Notch signaling in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2223-2236.e5. [PMID: 34324859 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer tissue often comprises multiple tumor clones with distinct oncogenic alterations such as Ras or Src activation, yet the mechanism by which tumor heterogeneity drives cancer progression remains elusive. Here, we show in Drosophila imaginal epithelium that clones of Ras- or Src-activated benign tumors interact with each other to mutually promote tumor malignancy. Mechanistically, Ras-activated cells upregulate the cell-surface ligand Delta while Src-activated cells upregulate its receptor Notch, leading to Notch activation in Src cells. Elevated Notch signaling induces the transcriptional repressor Zfh1/ZEB1, which downregulates E-cadherin and cell death gene hid, leading to Src-activated invasive tumors. Simultaneously, Notch activation in Src cells upregulates the cytokine Unpaired/IL-6, which activates JAK-STAT signaling in neighboring Ras cells. Elevated JAK-STAT signaling upregulates the BTB-zinc-finger protein Chinmo, which downregulates E-cadherin and thus generates Ras-activated invasive tumors. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for how tumor heterogeneity triggers tumor progression via cell-cell interactions.
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44
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Zeronian MR, Klykov O, Portell I de Montserrat J, Konijnenberg MJ, Gaur A, Scheltema RA, Janssen BJC. Notch-Jagged signaling complex defined by an interaction mosaic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102502118. [PMID: 34301900 PMCID: PMC8325348 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102502118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling system links cellular fate to that of its neighbors, driving proliferation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation in metazoans, whereas dysfunction leads to debilitating developmental disorders and cancers. Other than a five-by-five domain complex, it is unclear how the 40 extracellular domains of the Notch1 receptor collectively engage the 19 domains of its canonical ligand, Jagged1, to activate Notch1 signaling. Here, using cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), biophysical, and structural techniques on the full extracellular complex and targeted sites, we identify five distinct regions, two on Notch1 and three on Jagged1, that form an interaction network. The Notch1 membrane-proximal regulatory region individually binds to the established Notch1 epidermal growth factor (EGF) 8-EGF13 and Jagged1 C2-EGF3 activation sites as well as to two additional Jagged1 regions, EGF8-EGF11 and cysteine-rich domain. XL-MS and quantitative interaction experiments show that the three Notch1-binding sites on Jagged1 also engage intramolecularly. These interactions, together with Notch1 and Jagged1 ectodomain dimensions and flexibility, determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, support the formation of nonlinear architectures. Combined, the data suggest that critical Notch1 and Jagged1 regions are not distal but engage directly to control Notch1 signaling, thereby redefining the Notch1-Jagged1 activation mechanism and indicating routes for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu R Zeronian
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg Klykov
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Júlia Portell I de Montserrat
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Konijnenberg
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anamika Gaur
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Scheltema
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert J C Janssen
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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45
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Xue B, Chuang CH, Prosser HM, Fuziwara CS, Chan C, Sahasrabudhe N, Kühn M, Wu Y, Chen J, Biton A, Chen C, Wilkinson JE, McManus MT, Bradley A, Winslow MM, Su B, He L. miR-200 deficiency promotes lung cancer metastasis by activating Notch signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1109-1122. [PMID: 34301766 PMCID: PMC8336896 DOI: 10.1101/gad.347344.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Xue et al. identified miR-200 miRNAs as potent suppressors for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. They show that miR-200 regulates the functional interaction between cancer cells and CAFs at least in part by targeting Notch ligand Jagged1 and Jagged2 in cancer cells and inducing Notch activation in adjacent CAFs, providing new insight into the interaction between cancer cells and CAFs as a mechanism to promote metastatic potential. Lung adenocarcinoma, the most prevalent lung cancer subtype, is characterized by its high propensity to metastasize. Despite the importance of metastasis in lung cancer mortality, its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we identified miR-200 miRNAs as potent suppressors for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. miR-200 expression is specifically repressed in mouse metastatic lung adenocarcinomas, and miR-200 decrease strongly correlates with poor patient survival. Consistently, deletion of mir-200c/141 in the KrasLSL-G12D/+; Trp53flox/flox lung adenocarcinoma mouse model significantly promoted metastasis, generating a desmoplastic tumor stroma highly reminiscent of metastatic human lung cancer. miR-200 deficiency in lung cancer cells promotes the proliferation and activation of adjacent cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which in turn elevates the metastatic potential of cancer cells. miR-200 regulates the functional interaction between cancer cells and CAFs, at least in part, by targeting Notch ligand Jagged1 and Jagged2 in cancer cells and inducing Notch activation in adjacent CAFs. Hence, the interaction between cancer cells and CAFs constitutes an essential mechanism to promote metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Haydn M Prosser
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Chan
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
| | - Neil Sahasrabudhe
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
| | - Maximilian Kühn
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
| | - Yalei Wu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
| | - Anne Biton
- Department of Statistics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Computational Biology, USR 3756, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris 01 45 68 80 00, France
| | - Caifu Chen
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - John Erby Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco Diabetes Center, W.M. Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Bo Su
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin He
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, USA
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Ng HL, Quail E, Cruickshank MN, Ulgiati D. To Be, or Notch to Be: Mediating Cell Fate from Embryogenesis to Lymphopoiesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060849. [PMID: 34200313 PMCID: PMC8227657 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling forms an evolutionarily conserved juxtacrine pathway crucial for cellular development. Initially identified in Drosophila wing morphogenesis, Notch signaling has since been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in governing mammalian cellular development in a large variety of cell types. Indeed, abolishing Notch constituents in mouse models result in embryonic lethality, demonstrating that Notch signaling is critical for development and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the crucial role of Notch signaling in governing embryogenesis and differentiation of multiple progenitor cell types. Using hematopoiesis as a diverse cellular model, we highlight the role of Notch in regulating the cell fate of common lymphoid progenitors. Additionally, the influence of Notch through microenvironment interplay with lymphoid cells and how dysregulation influences disease processes is explored. Furthermore, bi-directional and lateral Notch signaling between ligand expressing source cells and target cells are investigated, indicating potentially novel therapeutic options for treatment of Notch-mediated diseases. Finally, we discuss the role of cis-inhibition in regulating Notch signaling in mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Leng Ng
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (E.Q.); (M.N.C.)
| | - Elizabeth Quail
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (E.Q.); (M.N.C.)
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mark N. Cruickshank
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (E.Q.); (M.N.C.)
| | - Daniela Ulgiati
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (E.Q.); (M.N.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-6457-1076
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47
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Seib E, Klein T. The role of ligand endocytosis in notch signalling. Biol Cell 2021; 113:401-418. [PMID: 34038572 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signalling receptor is a mechanoreceptor that is activated by force. This force elicits a conformational change in Notch that results in the release of its intracellular domain into the cytosol by two consecutive proteolytic cleavages. In most cases, the force is generated by pulling of the ligands on the receptor upon their endocytosis. In this review, we summarise recent work that shed a more detailed light on the role of endocytosis during ligand-dependent Notch activation and discuss the role of ubiquitylation of the ligands during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Seib
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
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48
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Xiao YT, Qu JY, Xie HT, Zhang MC, Zhao XY. A Comparison of Methods for Isolation of Limbal Niche Cells: Maintenance of Limbal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:16. [PMID: 33320169 PMCID: PMC7745628 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limbal niche cells (LNCs) play a vital role in the maintenance of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LESCs). Four methods have been reported to isolate and expand LNCs: digestion by collagenase alone (C-LNC), collagenase following dispase removal of the limbal epithelium (DC-LNC), dissection of dispase-isolated limbal epithelial sheets (D-LNC), and explant cultures of limbal stromal tissues (Ex-LNC). This study aimed to isolate LNCs using those four methods and to compare their capacity to maintain LESCs. Methods LNCs were isolated from the rat corneal limbus by the following methods: C-LNC, DC-LNC, D-LNC, and Ex-LNC. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the expression of embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers. The ability to maintain LESCs was assessed on the basis of colony-forming capacity and the expression of progenitor, proliferation, and differentiation markers in three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel and Transwell systems. Notch signaling of LESCs supported by different LNCs in Transwell inserts was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results DC-LNCs exhibited lower expression of CK12 during isolation and expansion. Among P4-expanded LNCs, DC-LNCs expressed significantly higher levels of Sox2, Oct4, Nanog, and N-cadherin than C-LNCs, D-LNCs, and Ex-LNCs. Compared with other LNCs, DC-LNCs were more effective in maintaining LESCs with higher holoclone-forming efficiency, greater expression of ΔNp63α and Ki67, and lower expression of CK12. DC-LNCs were also more capable of downregulating Notch signaling of LESCs. Conclusions DC-LNCs were more effective in expressing ESC markers and maintaining LESCs compared to other LNCs. This study identifies an optimal method for the isolation of LNCs in tissue engineering and ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yu Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Tao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Christopoulos PF, Gjølberg TT, Krüger S, Haraldsen G, Andersen JT, Sundlisæter E. Targeting the Notch Signaling Pathway in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668207. [PMID: 33912195 PMCID: PMC8071949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates developmental cell-fate decisions and has recently also been linked to inflammatory diseases. Although therapies targeting Notch signaling in inflammation in theory are attractive, their design and implementation have proven difficult, at least partly due to the broad involvement of Notch signaling in regenerative and homeostatic processes. In this review, we summarize the supporting role of Notch signaling in various inflammation-driven diseases, and highlight efforts to intervene with this pathway by targeting Notch ligands and/or receptors with distinct therapeutic strategies, including antibody designs. We discuss this in light of lessons learned from Notch targeting in cancer treatment. Finally, we elaborate on the impact of individual Notch members in inflammation, which may lay the foundation for development of therapeutic strategies in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torleif T. Gjølberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Eye Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Krüger
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Sundlisæter
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Intracellular trafficking of Notch orchestrates temporal dynamics of Notch activity in the fly brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2083. [PMID: 33828096 PMCID: PMC8027629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While Delta non-autonomously activates Notch in neighboring cells, it autonomously inactivates Notch through cis-inhibition, the molecular mechanism and biological roles of which remain elusive. The wave of differentiation in the Drosophila brain, the ‘proneural wave’, is an excellent model for studying Notch signaling in vivo. Here, we show that strong nonlinearity in cis-inhibition reproduces the second peak of Notch activity behind the proneural wave in silico. Based on this, we demonstrate that Delta expression induces a quick degradation of Notch in late endosomes and the formation of the twin peaks of Notch activity in vivo. Indeed, the amount of Notch is upregulated and the twin peaks are fused forming a single peak when the function of Delta or late endosomes is compromised. Additionally, we show that the second Notch peak behind the wavefront controls neurogenesis. Thus, intracellular trafficking of Notch orchestrates the temporal dynamics of Notch activity and the temporal patterning of neurogenesis. During Drosophila development, two peaks of Notch activity propagate across the neuroepithelium to generate neuroblasts. Here, the authors show Notch cis-inhibition under the control of intracellular Notch trafficking establishes these two peaks, which temporally control neurogenesis in the brain.
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