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Lu M, Yuan Y, Liu S. A Bayesian pharmacokinetics integrated phase I-II design to optimize dose-schedule regimes. Biostatistics 2024:kxae034. [PMID: 39275895 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The schedule of administering a drug has profound impact on the toxicity and efficacy profiles of the drug through changing its pharmacokinetics (PK). PK is an innate and indispensable component of the dose-schedule optimization. Motivated by this, we propose a Bayesian PK integrated dose-schedule finding (PKIDS) design to identify the optimal dose-schedule regime by integrating PK, toxicity, and efficacy data. Based on the causal pathway that dose and schedule affect PK, which in turn affects efficacy and toxicity, we jointly model the three endpoints by first specifying a Bayesian hierarchical model for the marginal distribution of the longitudinal dose-concentration process. Conditional on the drug concentration in plasma, we jointly model toxicity and efficacy as a function of the concentration. We quantify the risk-benefit of regimes using utility-continuously updating the estimates of PK, toxicity, and efficacy based on interim data-and make adaptive decisions to assign new patients to appropriate dose-schedule regimes via adaptive randomization. The simulation study shows that the PKIDS design has desirable operating characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Suyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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2
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Govorova IA, Nikitochkina SY, Vorotelyak EA. Influence of intersignaling crosstalk on the intracellular localization of YAP/TAZ in lung cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:289. [PMID: 38802925 PMCID: PMC11129370 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A cell is a dynamic system in which various processes occur simultaneously. In particular, intra- and intercellular signaling pathway crosstalk has a significant impact on a cell's life cycle, differentiation, proliferation, growth, regeneration, and, consequently, on the normal functioning of an entire organ. Hippo signaling and YAP/TAZ nucleocytoplasmic shuttling play a pivotal role in normal development, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration, particularly in lung cells. Intersignaling communication has a significant impact on the core components of the Hippo pathway and on YAP/TAZ localization. This review describes the crosstalk between Hippo signaling and key lung signaling pathways (WNT, SHH, TGFβ, Notch, Rho, and mTOR) using lung cells as an example and highlights the remaining unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Govorova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str, 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - S Y Nikitochkina
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str, 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - E A Vorotelyak
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str, 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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3
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Scepanovic G, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Should I shrink or should I grow: cell size changes in tissue morphogenesis. Genome 2024; 67:125-138. [PMID: 38198661 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cells change shape, move, divide, and die to sculpt tissues. Common to all these cell behaviours are cell size changes, which have recently emerged as key contributors to tissue morphogenesis. Cells can change their mass-the number of macromolecules they contain-or their volume-the space they encompass. Changes in cell mass and volume occur through different molecular mechanisms and at different timescales, slow for changes in mass and rapid for changes in volume. Therefore, changes in cell mass and cell volume, which are often linked, contribute to the development and shaping of tissues in different ways. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which cells can control and alter their size, and we discuss how changes in cell mass and volume contribute to tissue morphogenesis. The role that cell size control plays in developing embryos is only starting to be elucidated. Research on the signals that control cell size will illuminate our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Scepanovic
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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4
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Claude-Taupin A, Dupont N. To squeeze or not: Regulation of cell size by mechanical forces in development and human diseases. Biol Cell 2024; 116:e2200101. [PMID: 38059665 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Physical constraints, such as compression, shear stress, stretching and tension play major roles during development and tissue homeostasis. Mechanics directly impact physiology, and their alteration is also recognized as having an active role in driving human diseases. Recently, growing evidence has accumulated on how mechanical forces are translated into a wide panel of biological responses, including metabolism and changes in cell morphology. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss our knowledge on the impact of mechanical forces on cell size regulation. Other biological consequences of mechanical forces will not be covered by this review. Moreover, wherever possible, we also discuss mechanosensors and molecular and cellular signaling pathways upstream of cell size regulation. We finally highlight the relevance of mechanical forces acting on cell size in physiology and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Claude-Taupin
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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5
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Janati-Idrissi S, de Abreu MR, Guyomar C, de Mello F, Nguyen T, Mechkouri N, Gay S, Montfort J, Gonzalez A, Abbasi M, Bugeon J, Thermes V, Seitz H, Bobe J. Looking for a needle in a haystack: de novo phenotypic target identification reveals Hippo pathway-mediated miR-202 regulation of egg production. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:738-754. [PMID: 38059397 PMCID: PMC10810276 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding microRNA (miRNA) functions has been hampered by major difficulties in identifying their biological target(s). Currently, the main limitation is the lack of a suitable strategy to identify biologically relevant targets among a high number of putative targets. Here we provide a proof of concept of successful de novo (i.e. without prior knowledge of its identity) miRNA phenotypic target (i.e. target whose de-repression contributes to the phenotypic outcomes) identification from RNA-seq data. Using the medaka mir-202 knock-out (KO) model in which inactivation leads to a major organism-level reproductive phenotype, including reduced egg production, we introduced novel criteria including limited fold-change in KO and low interindividual variability in gene expression to reduce the list of 2853 putative targets to a short list of 5. We selected tead3b, a member of the evolutionarily-conserved Hippo pathway, known to regulate ovarian functions, due to its remarkably strong and evolutionarily conserved binding affinity for miR-202-5p. Deleting the miR-202-5p binding site in the 3' UTR of tead3b, but not of other Hippo pathway members sav1 and vgll4b, triggered a reduced egg production phenotype. This is one of the few successful examples of de novo functional assignment of a miRNA phenotypic target in vivo in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cervin Guyomar
- Sigenae, GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | | | - Nazim Mechkouri
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Anne Alicia Gonzalez
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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6
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Foltman M, Sanchez-Diaz A. TOR Complex 1: Orchestrating Nutrient Signaling and Cell Cycle Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15745. [PMID: 37958727 PMCID: PMC10647266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved TOR signaling pathway is crucial for coordinating cellular growth with the cell cycle machinery in eukaryotes. One of the two TOR complexes in budding yeast, TORC1, integrates environmental cues and promotes cell growth. While cells grow, they need to copy their chromosomes, segregate them in mitosis, divide all their components during cytokinesis, and finally physically separate mother and daughter cells to start a new cell cycle apart from each other. To maintain cell size homeostasis and chromosome stability, it is crucial that mechanisms that control growth are connected and coordinated with the cell cycle. Successive periods of high and low TORC1 activity would participate in the adequate cell cycle progression. Here, we review the known molecular mechanisms through which TORC1 regulates the cell cycle in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that have been extensively used as a model organism to understand the role of its mammalian ortholog, mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Foltman
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Cell Division Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Diaz
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Cell Division Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
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7
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Lee J, Belal SA, Lin X, Park J, Shim K. Insect Peptide CopA3 Mitigates the Effects of Heat Stress on Porcine Muscle Satellite Cells. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3209. [PMID: 37893933 PMCID: PMC10603636 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress inhibits cell proliferation as well as animal production. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that 9-mer disulfide dimer peptide (CopA3) supplementation stabilizes porcine muscle satellite cell (PMSC) proliferation and heat shock protein (HSP) expression at different temperatures. Therefore, we investigated the beneficial effects of CopA3 on PMSCs at three different temperatures (37, 39, and 41 °C). Based on temperature and CopA3 treatment, PMSCs were divided into six different groups including treatment and control groups for each temperature. Cell viability was highest with 10 µg/mL CopA3 and decreased as the concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner. CopA3 significantly increased the cell viability at all temperatures at 24 and 48 h. It significantly decreased apoptosis compared to that in the untreated groups. In addition, it decreased the apoptosis-related protein, Bcl-2-associated X (BAX), expression at 41 °C. Notably, temperature and CopA3 had no effects on the apoptosis-related protein, caspase 3. Expression levels of HSP40, HSP70, and HSP90 were significantly upregulated, whereas those of HSP47 and HSP60 were not affected by temperature changes. Except HSP90, CopA3 did not cause temperature-dependent changes in protein expression. Therefore, CopA3 promotes cell proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and maintains stable HSP expression, thereby enhancing the heat-stress-tolerance capacity of PMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shah Ahmed Belal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Jinryong Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- 3D Tissue Culture Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
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8
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Park GT, Moon JK, Park S, Park SK, Baek J, Seo MS. Genome-wide analysis of KIX gene family for organ size regulation in soybean ( Glycine max L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1252016. [PMID: 37828927 PMCID: PMC10565003 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1252016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The KIX domain, conserved among various nuclear and co-activator factors, acts as a binding site that interacts with other transcriptional activators and co-activators, playing a crucial role in gene expression regulation. In plants, the KIX domain is involved in plant hormone signaling, stress response regulation, cell cycle control, and differentiation, indicating its potential relevance to crop productivity. This study aims to identify and characterize KIX domains within the soybean (Glycine max L.) genome to predict their potential role in improving crop productivity. The conservation and evolutionary history of the KIX domains were explored in 59 plant species, confirming the presence of the KIX domains in diverse plants. Specifically, 13 KIX domains were identified within the soybean genome and classified into four main groups, namely GmKIX8/9, GmMED15, GmHAC, and GmRECQL, through sequence alignment, structural analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. Association analysis was performed between KIX domain haplotypes and soybean seed-related agronomic traits using re-sequencing data from a core collection of 422 accessions. The results revealed correlations between SNP variations observed in GmKIX8-3 and GmMED15-4 and soybean seed phenotypic traits. Additionally, transcriptome analysis confirmed significant expression of the KIX domains during the early stages of soybean seed development. This study provides the first characterization of the structural, expression, genomic haplotype, and molecular features of the KIX domain in soybean, offering a foundation for functional analysis of the KIX domain in soybean and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Tae Park
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyung Moon
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Park
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kwon Park
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongHo Baek
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Suk Seo
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
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9
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Foltman M, Mendez I, Bech-Serra JJ, de la Torre C, Brace JL, Weiss EL, Lucas M, Queralt E, Sanchez-Diaz A. TOR complex 1 negatively regulates NDR kinase Cbk1 to control cell separation in budding yeast. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002263. [PMID: 37647291 PMCID: PMC10468069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway plays a key role in the coordination between cellular growth and the cell cycle machinery in eukaryotes. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which TOR might regulate events after anaphase remain unknown. We show for the first time that one of the 2 TOR complexes in budding yeast, TORC1, blocks the separation of cells following cytokinesis by phosphorylation of a member of the NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) protein-kinase family, the protein Cbk1. We observe that TORC1 alters the phosphorylation pattern of Cbk1 and we identify a residue within Cbk1 activation loop, T574, for which a phosphomimetic substitution makes Cbk1 catalytically inactive and, indeed, reproduces TORC1 control over cell separation. In addition, we identify the exocyst component Sec3 as a key substrate of Cbk1, since Sec3 activates the SNARE complex to promote membrane fusion. TORC1 activity ultimately compromises the interaction between Sec3 and a t-SNARE component. Our data indicate that TORC1 negatively regulates cell separation in budding yeast by participating in Cbk1 phosphorylation, which in turn controls the fusion of secretory vesicles transporting hydrolase at the site of division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Foltman
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Cell Division Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Iván Mendez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Structural Biology of Macromolecular Complexes Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Joan J. Bech-Serra
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer L. Brace
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric L. Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - María Lucas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Structural Biology of Macromolecular Complexes Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Ethel Queralt
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Diaz
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Cell Division Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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10
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Park J, Lee J, Shim K. Effects of heat stress exposure on porcine muscle satellite cells. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103569. [PMID: 37344027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) affects cell culture as well as animal production. Although there have been many reports on the disparate effects of heat stress, its effects on mammalian muscle stem cells are still unclear. In this study, we isolated porcine muscle satellite cells (PMSCs) from the femurs of 1-day-old piglets, and cultured them under three temperature conditions: 37 °C, 39 °C, and 41 °C. Exposure to HS not only decreased the viability and proliferation rates of PMSCs, but also regulated the cell cycle and induced apoptosis. High-temperature culture conditions decreased both protein and gene expression of Pax7, a proliferation and maintenance marker of muscle satellite cells, whereas it increased both protein and gene expression of MyoG, a differentiation marker, and promoted myotube formation in the early stage of differentiation induction. In addition, the protein and gene expression of several heat shock proteins (HSPs) in PMSCs increased due to heat treatment. In conclusion, HS induced the cell cycle arrest of PMSCs, thereby reducing the proliferation rate. In addition, high-temperature culture conditions promoted the formation of myotubes at the early stage of differentiation of PMSCs without additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinryong Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; 3D Tissue Culture Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
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11
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Ostalé CM, Vega-Cuesta P, González T, López-Varea A, de Celis JF. RNAi screen in the Drosophila wing of genes encoding proteins related to cytoskeleton organization and cell division. Dev Biol 2023; 498:61-76. [PMID: 37015290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell division and cytoskeleton organization are fundamental processes participating in the development of Drosophila imaginal discs. In this manuscript we describe the phenotypes in the adult fly wing generated by knockdowns of 85% of Drosophila genes encoding proteins likely related to the regulation of cell division and cytoskeleton organization. We also compile a molecular classification of these proteins into classes that describe their expected or known main biochemical characteristics, as well as mRNA expression in the wing disc and likely protein subcellular localization for a subset of these genes. Finally, we analyze in more detail one protein family of cytoskeleton genes (Arp2/3 complex), and define the consequences of interfering with cell division for wing growth and patterning.
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12
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Zhao J, Han Z, Xu C, Li L, Pei H, Song Y, Wang Z, Tang B. Separation and single-cell analysis for free gastric cancer cells in ascites and peritoneal lavages based on microfluidic chips. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104522. [PMID: 36933411 PMCID: PMC10034419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Detecting free cancer cells from ascites and peritoneal lavages is crucial for diagnosing gastric cancer (GC). However, traditional methods are limited for early-stage diagnosis due to their low sensitivity. METHODS A label-free, rapid, and high-throughput technique was developed for separating cancer cells from ascites and peritoneal lavages using an integrated microfluidic device, taking advantage of dean flow fractionation and deterministic lateral displacement. Afterward, separated cells were analyzed using a microfluidic single-cell trapping array chip (SCTA-chip). In situ immunofluorescence for EpCAM, YAP-1, HER-2, CD45 molecular expressions, and Wright-Giemsa staining were performed for cells in SCTA-chips. At last, YAP1 and HER-2 expression in tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. FINDINGS Through integrated microfluidic device, cancer cells were successfully separated from simulated peritoneal lavages containing 1/10,000 cancer cells with recovery rate of 84.8% and purity of 72.4%. Afterward, cancer cells were isolated from 12 patients' ascites samples. Cytological examinations showed cancer cells were efficiently enriched with background cells excluded. Afterwards, separated cells from ascites were analyzed by SCTA-chips, and recognized as cancer cells through EpCAM+/CD45- expression and Wright-Giemsa staining. Interestingly, 8 out of 12 ascites samples showed HER-2+ cancer cells. At last, the results through a serial expression analysis showed that YAP1 and HER-2 have discordant expression during metastasis. INTERPRETATION Microfluidic Chips developed in our study could not only rapidly detect label-free free GC cells in ascites and peritoneal lavages with high-throughput, they could also analyze ascites cancer cells at the single-cell level, improving peritoneal metastasis diagnosis and investigation of therapeutic targets. FUNDING This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (22134004, U1908207, 91859111); Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (ZR2019JQ06); Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province tsqn (201909077); Local Science and Technology Development Fund Guided by the Central Government (YDZX20203700002568); Applied Basic Research Program of Liaoning Province (2022020284-JH2/1013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Zhaojun Han
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Chang Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Haimeng Pei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China.
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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13
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Feng H, Liu X, Zhou C, Gu Q, Li Y, Chen J, Teng J, Zheng P. CCDC115 inhibits autophagy-mediated degradation of YAP to promote cell proliferation. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:618-630. [PMID: 36650560 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and Hippo signalling pathways both play important roles in cell homeostasis and are often involved in tumourigenesis. However, the crosstalk between these two signal pathways in response to stress conditions, such as nutrient deficiency, is incompletely understood. Here, we show that vesicular localised coiled-coil domain containing 115 (CCDC115) inhibits autophagy as well as Hippo signalling pathway under starvation. Moreover, we show that CCDC115 interacts with the HOPS complex. This interaction competes with STX17, thus inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Hence, CCDC115 inhibits the autophagic degradation of yes-associated protein (YAP), thereby promoting cell proliferation in nutrient-restricted situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Polytechnic, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenqian Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuchen Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Polytechnic, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junlin Teng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengli Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
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14
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Wen X, Wu Y, Lou Y, Xia Y, Yu X. The roles of Linc-ROR in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Transl Oncol 2022; 28:101602. [PMID: 36535192 PMCID: PMC9791587 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be a kind of tumor cell population characterized by self-renewal, easy to metastasize and drug resistance, which play an indispensable role in the occurrence, development, metastasis and drug resistance of tumors, and their existence is an important reason for high metastasis and recurrence of tumors. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), which are more than 200 nucleotides in length, have a close relationship with the malignant progression of cancer.In recent years, abundant studies have reavling that LncRNAs are beneficial to the regulation of various cancer stem cells. Linc-ROR, as a newly discovered intergenic non-protein-coding RNA in recent years, is considered to be a key regulator affecting the development of human tumors. Dysregulation of Linc-ROR is related to stemness phenotype and functional regulation of cancer stem cells. For that, Linc-ROR has the potential to be used as a diagnostic biomarker for cancer patients and can serve as a clinically meaningful potential therapeutic target. In this review, we generalize the existing research results on the important role of Linc-ROR in regulation of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wen
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003,China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003,China
| | - Yanhui Lou
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003,China..
| | - Yufang Xia
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003,China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003,China
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15
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Clark KL, George JW, Przygrodzka E, Plewes MR, Hua G, Wang C, Davis JS. Hippo Signaling in the Ovary: Emerging Roles in Development, Fertility, and Disease. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:1074-1096. [PMID: 35596657 PMCID: PMC9695108 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging studies indicate that the Hippo pathway, a highly conserved pathway that regulates organ size control, plays an important role in governing ovarian physiology, fertility, and pathology. Specific to the ovary, the spatiotemporal expression of the major components of the Hippo signaling cascade are observed throughout the reproductive lifespan. Observations from multiple species begin to elucidate the functional diversity and molecular mechanisms of Hippo signaling in the ovary in addition to the identification of interactions with other signaling pathways and responses to various external stimuli. Hippo pathway components play important roles in follicle growth and activation, as well as steroidogenesis, by regulating several key biological processes through mechanisms of cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cell fate determination. Given the importance of these processes, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway contributes to loss of follicular homeostasis and reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian insufficiency, and ovarian cancers. This review highlights what is currently known about the Hippo pathway core components in ovarian physiology, including ovarian development, follicle development, and oocyte maturation, while identifying areas for future research to better understand Hippo signaling as a multifunctional pathway in reproductive health and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Clark
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Jitu W George
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Emilia Przygrodzka
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Michele R Plewes
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Guohua Hua
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John S Davis
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
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16
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Ptp61F integrates Hippo, TOR, and actomyosin pathways to control three-dimensional organ size. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Wu H, Zhu N, Liu J, Ma J, Jiao R. Shaggy regulates tissue growth through Hippo pathway in Drosophila. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2131-2144. [PMID: 36057002 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway coordinates cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis to regulate organ growth and tumorigenesis. Hippo signaling activity is tightly controlled by various upstream signals including growth factors and cell polarity, but the full extent to which the pathway is regulated during development remains to be resolved. Here, we report the identification of Shaggy, the homolog of mammalian Gsk3β, as a novel regulator of the Hippo pathway in Drosophila. Our results show that Shaggy promotes the expression of Hippo target genes in a manner that is dependent on its kinase activity. Loss of Shaggy leads to Yorkie inhibition and downregulation of Hippo pathway target genes. Mechanistically, Shaggy acts upstream of the Hippo pathway and negatively regulates the abundance of the FERM domain containing adaptor protein Expanded. Our results reveal that Shaggy is functionally required for Crumbs/Slmb-mediated downregulation of Expanded in vivo, providing a potential molecular link between cellular architecture and the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Wu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Nannan Zhu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Women's Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Renjie Jiao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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18
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Kambhampati S, Murphy S, Uosaki H, Kwon C. Cross-Organ Transcriptomic Comparison Reveals Universal Factors During Maturation. J Comput Biol 2022; 29:1031-1044. [PMID: 35802489 PMCID: PMC9499449 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2021.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various cell types can be derived from stem cells. However, these cells are immature and do not match their adult counterparts in functional capabilities, limiting their use in disease modeling and cell therapies. Thus, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of maturation in vivo. However, it is unknown if there are genes and pathways conserved across organs during maturation. To address this, we performed a time-series analysis of the transcriptome of the mouse heart, brain, liver, and kidney and analyzed their trajectories over time. In addition, gene regulatory networks were reconstructed to determine overlapping expression patterns. Based on these, we identified commonly upregulated and downregulated pathways across all four organs. Key upstream regulators were also predicted based on the temporal expression of downstream genes. These findings suggest the presence of universal regulators during organ maturation, which may help us develop a general strategy to mature stem cell-derived cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kambhampati
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Pregnane X receptor promotes liver enlargement in mice through the spatial induction of hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110133. [PMID: 36030841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) can induce significant liver enlargement through hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation. A previous report showed that during the process of PXR-induced liver enlargement, hepatocyte hypertrophy occurs around the central vein (CV) area while hepatocyte proliferation occurs around the portal vein (PV) area. However, the features of this spatial change remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the features of the spatial changes in hepatocytes in PXR-induced liver enlargement. PXR-induced spatial changes in hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation were confirmed in C57BL/6 mice. The liver was perfused with digitonin to destroy the hepatocytes around the CV or PV areas, and then the regional expression of proteins related to hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation was further measured. The results showed that the expression of PXR downstream proteins, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A11, CYP2B10, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and organ anion transporting polypeptide 2 (OATP2) was upregulated around the CV area, while the expression of proliferation-related proteins such as cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and serine/threonine NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2) was upregulated around the PV area. At the same time, the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as retinoblastoma-like protein 2 (RBL2), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) and CDKN1A was downregulated around the PV area. This study demonstrated that the spatial change in PXR-induced hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation is associated with the regional expression of PXR downstream targets and proliferation-related proteins and the regional distribution of triglycerides (TGs). These findings provide new insight into the understanding of PXR-induced hepatomegaly.
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20
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Qian X, Chen K, Chen L, Song H, Zhang Z. Presenilin is involved in larval-pupal metamorphosis development of Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 109:e21855. [PMID: 34811799 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the presenilin (ps) genes are the major genetic cause of familial Alzheimer's disease. The silkworm, Bombyx mori (B. mori), is an important model insect. The ps homologue gene in B. mori was identified and characterized. However, the role of ps in B. mori was poorly understood. Here, we found that Bmps was ubiquitously expressed in all the tested tissues during metamorphosis. In the current study, loss-of-function analysis of Bmps was performed by the binary transgenic CRISPR/cas9 system. Compared with the wild type, the developmental time of ∆Bmps animals were significantly delayed. In addition, ∆Bmps showed abnormal appendage including antenna, leg, wing and eye during pupal and adult stages. RNA-seq analysis indicated that apoptosis and proliferation related pathways were affected in ∆Bmps. Moreover, the Hippo pathway was affected by Bmps depletion in brain and wing disc. Our results suggest that PS is essential for maintaining the dynamic balance of apoptosis and proliferation during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsheng Song
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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21
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Laouari D, Vergnaud P, Hirose T, Zaidan M, Rabant M, Nguyen C, Burtin M, Legendre C, Codogno P, Friedlander G, Anglicheau D, Terzi F. The sexual dimorphism of kidney growth in mice and humans. Kidney Int 2022; 102:78-95. [PMID: 35337891 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Kidney mass and function are sexually determined, but the cellular events and the molecular mechanisms involved in this dimorphism are poorly characterized. By combining female and male mice with castration/replacement experiments, we showed that male mice exhibited kidney overgrowth from five weeks of age. This effect was organ specific, since liver and heart weight were comparable between males and females, regardless of age. Consistently, the androgen receptor was found to be expressed in the kidneys of males, but not in the liver. In growing mice, androgens led to kidney overgrowth by first inducing a burst of cell proliferation and then an increase of cell size. Remarkably, androgens were also required to maintain cell size in adults. In fact, orchiectomy resulted in smaller kidneys in a matter of few weeks. These changes paralleled the changes of the expression of ornithine decarboxylase and cyclin D1, two known mediators of kidney growth, whereas, unexpectedly, mTORC1 and Hippo pathways did not seem to be involved. Androgens also enhanced kidney autophagy, very likely by increasing transcription factor EB nuclear translocation. Functionally, the increase of tubular mass resulted in increased sodium/phosphate transport. These findings were relevant to humans. Remarkably, by studying living gender-paired kidney donors-recipients, we showed that tubular cell size increased three months after transplantation in men as compared to women, regardless of the donor gender. Thus, our results identify novel signaling pathways that may be involved in androgen-induced kidney growth and homeostasis, and suggest that androgens determine kidney size after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Laouari
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Paul Vergnaud
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France; Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique-Hémodialyse-Transplantation, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Takuo Hirose
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Zaidan
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France; Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Clément Nguyen
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Martine Burtin
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France; Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Gerard Friedlander
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France; Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département « Croissance et Signalisation », F-75006 Paris, France.
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22
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Gupta K, Mukherjee S, Sen S, Sonawane M. Coordinated activities of Myosin Vb isoforms and mTOR signaling regulate epithelial cell morphology during development. Development 2022; 149:274736. [PMID: 35299238 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of epithelial architecture necessitates tight regulation of cell size and shape. However, mechanisms underlying epithelial cell size regulation remain poorly understood. We show that the interaction of Myosin Vb with Rab11 prevents the accumulation of apically derived endosomes to maintain cell-size, whereas that with Rab10 regulates vesicular transport from the trans-Golgi. These interactions are required for the fine-tuning of the epithelial cell morphology during zebrafish development. Furthermore, the compensatory cell growth upon cell-proliferation inhibition involves a preferential expansion of the apical domain, leading to flatter epithelial cells, an efficient strategy to cover the surface with fewer cells. This apical domain growth requires post-trans-Golgi transport mediated by the Rab10-interacting Myosin Vb isoform, downstream of the mTOR-Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) axis. Changes in trans-Golgi morphology indicate that the Golgi synchronizes mTOR-FASN-regulated biosynthetic input and Myosin Vb-Rab10 dependent output. Our study unravels the mechanism of polarized growth in epithelial cells and delineates functions of Myosin Vb isoforms in cell size regulation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Sudipta Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Sumit Sen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Mahendra Sonawane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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23
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Pinker B, Barciszewska AM. mTOR Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Targeting in Meningioma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041978. [PMID: 35216092 PMCID: PMC8876623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most frequent primary tumors arising in the central nervous system. They typically follow a benign course, with an excellent prognosis for grade I lesions through surgical intervention. Although radiotherapy is a good option for recurrent, progressive, or inoperable tumors, alternative treatments are very limited. mTOR is a protein complex with increasing therapeutical potential as a target in cancer. The current understanding of the mTOR pathway heavily involves it in the development of meningioma. Its activation is strongly dependent on PI3K/Akt signaling and the merlin protein. Both factors are commonly defective in meningioma cells, which indicates their likely function in tumor growth. Furthermore, regarding molecular tumorigenesis, the kinase activity of the mTORC1 complex inhibits many components of the autophagosome, such as the ULK1 or Beclin complexes. mTOR contributes to redox homeostasis, a vital component of neoplasia. Recent clinical trials have investigated novel chemotherapeutic agents for mTOR inhibition, showing promising results in resistant or recurrent meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pinker
- Medical Faculty, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna-Maria Barciszewska
- Intraoperative Imaging Unit, Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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24
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Goodman MB, Savage-Dunn C. Reciprocal interactions between transforming growth factor beta signaling and collagens: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:47-60. [PMID: 34537996 PMCID: PMC8982858 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in genetically tractable organisms such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have led to pioneering insights into conserved developmental regulatory mechanisms. For example, Smad signal transducers for the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily were first identified in C. elegans and in the fruit fly Drosophila. Recent studies of TGF-β signaling and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in C. elegans have forged unexpected links between signaling and the ECM, yielding novel insights into the reciprocal interactions that occur across tissues and spatial scales, and potentially providing new opportunities for the study of biomechanical regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B. Goodman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA 94304
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College at the City University of New York, 11367,Correspondence to: >
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25
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Stainton H, Towers M. Retinoic acid influences the timing and scaling of avian wing development. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110288. [PMID: 35081337 PMCID: PMC8810399 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in biology is how embryonic development is timed between different species. To address this problem, we compared wing development in the quail and the larger chick. We reveal that pattern formation is faster in the quail as determined by the earlier activation of 5′Hox genes, termination of developmental organizers (Shh and Fgf8), and the laying down of the skeleton (Sox9). Using interspecies tissue grafts, we show that developmental timing can be reset during a critical window of retinoic acid signaling. Accordingly, extending the duration of retinoic acid signaling switches developmental timing between the quail and the chick and the chick and the larger turkey. However, the incremental growth rate is comparable between all three species, suggesting that the pace of development primarily governs differences in the expansion of the skeletal pattern. The widespread distribution of retinoic acid could coordinate developmental timing throughout the embryo. Quail wings develop faster than chick and turkey wings Retinoic acid can set the species timing of wing development Developmental timing is independent of growth and scales the skeletal pattern
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Stainton
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Matthew Towers
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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26
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Sohn EJ, Nam YK. The Transcription Factor TFCP2L1 is Associated with Myelination via miR708-5p Regulation in the Peripheral Nerve System. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:434-445. [PMID: 34581937 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in nerve injury and demyelination; however, their functions in peripheral nerves remain unclear. To determine the potential functions of miRNAs, an miRNA array was carried out. Here, miRNA array analysis of neuregulin-treated Schwann cells revealed 18 upregulated (> 2-fold) and 13 downregulated (> 2-fold) miRNAs. After sciatic nerve injury, miR708-5p was highly expressed in neuregulin-treated Schwann cells, whereas it was downregulated during postnatal development. A predicted functional interaction was found between miR708-5p and transcription factor CP2-like protein 1 (TFCP2L1) using a bioinformatics tool. This finding suggested that miR708-5p may regulate TFCP2L1. During sciatic nerve development, TFCP2L1 was upregulated on postnatal days 1 and 4, while it was downregulated after nerve axotomy and crush injury. Notably, TFCP2L1 was upregulated in cAMP-treated Schwann cells. We also found that activity of the myelin protein zero promoter was downregulated in TFCP2L1 siRNA-treated Schwann cells, whereas it was upregulated in TFCP2L1-overexpressing cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that TFCP2L1 was localized in Schwann cells. In addition, miR708-5p overexpression promoted migration of Schwann cells, while miR-708-5p inhibitor inhibited migration. miR708-5p inhibitor also blocked the migration of TFCP2L1 siRNA-treated Schwann cells. These findings indicate the functions of miR708-5p in TFCP2L1 regulation in the peripheral nervous system occur via regulation of Schwann cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
| | - Yun Kyung Nam
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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27
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Lin C, Ruan N, Li L, Chen Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhang Y. FGF8-mediated signaling regulates tooth developmental pace during odontogenesis. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:40-53. [PMID: 34500094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The developing human and mouse teeth constitute an ideal model system to study the regulatory mechanism underlying organ growth control since their teeth share highly conserved and well-characterized developmental processes and their developmental tempo varies notably. In the current study, we manipulated heterogenous recombination between human and mouse dental tissues and demonstrate that the dental mesenchyme dominates the tooth developmental tempo and FGF8 could be a critical player during this developmental process. Forced activation of FGF8 signaling in the dental mesenchyme of mice promoted cell proliferation, prevented cell apoptosis via p38 and perhaps PI3K-Akt intracellular signaling, and impelled the transition of the cell cycle from G1- to S-phase in the tooth germ, resulting in the slowdown of the tooth developmental pace. Our results provide compelling evidence that extrinsic signals can profoundly affect tooth developmental tempo and the dental mesenchymal FGF8 could be a pivotal factor in controlling the developmental pace in a non-cell-autonomous manner during mammalian odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Ningsheng Ruan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China.
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China.
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28
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Cai X, Fan Q, Kang GS, Grolig K, Shen X, Billings EM, Pacheco-Rodriguez G, Darling TN, Moss J. Long-Term Effects of Sirolimus on Human Skin TSC2-Null Fibroblast‒Like Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2291-2299.e2. [PMID: 33773987 PMCID: PMC9942268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by hamartomatous tumors of the skin, kidneys, brain, and lungs. TSC is caused by mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, which result in hyperactivation of the mTOR, leading to dysregulated cell growth and autophagy. Rapamycin (sirolimus) shrinks TSC tumors, but the clinical benefits of sirolimus are not sustained after its withdrawal. In this study, we studied the cellular processes critical for tumor formation and growth, including cell proliferation and cell size. TSC2-/- and TSC2+/- cells were isolated from TSC skin tumors and normal-appearing skin, respectively. Cells were incubated with sirolimus for 72 hours. Withdrawal of sirolimus from TSC2-/- cells resulted in a highly proliferative phenotype and caused cells to enter the S phase of the cell cycle, with persistent phosphorylation of mTOR, p70 S6 kinase, ribosomal protein S6, and 4EB-P1; decreased cyclin D kinase inhibitors; and transient hyperactivation of protein kinase B. Sirolimus modulated the estrogen- and autophagy-dependent volume of TSC2-/- cells. These results suggest that sirolimus may decrease the size of TSC tumors by reducing TSC2-/- cell volume, altering the cell cycle, and reprogramming TSC2-null cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Cai
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qingyuan Fan
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gi Soo Kang
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,BNH Investment, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kelsey Grolig
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Eric M. Billings
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-Rodriguez
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas N. Darling
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Microbiota Perturbation or Elimination Can Inhibit Normal Development and Elicit a Starvation-Like Response in an Omnivorous Model Invertebrate. mSystems 2021; 6:e0080221. [PMID: 34427529 PMCID: PMC8407121 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00802-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Omnivorous animals, including humans, harbor diverse, species-rich gut communities that impact their growth, development, and homeostasis. Model invertebrates are broadly accessible experimental platforms that enable linking specific species or species groups to host phenotypes, yet often their specialized diets and distinct gut microbiota make them less comparable to human and other mammalian and gut communities. The omnivorous cockroach Periplaneta americana harbors ∼4 × 102 bacterial genera within its digestive tract and is enriched with taxa commonly found in omnivorous mammals (i.e., Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes). These features make P. americana a valuable platform for identifying microbe-mediated host phenotypes with potential translations to mammals. Rearing P. americana insects under germfree conditions resulted in prolonging development time by ∼30% and an up to ∼8% reduction in body size along three dimensions. Germfree rearing resulted in downregulation of gene networks involved in growth, energy homeostasis, and nutrient availability. Reintroduction of a defined microbiota comprised of a subset of P. americana commensals to germfree insects did not recover normal growth and developmental phenotypes or transcriptional profiles observed in conventionally reared insects. These results are in contrast with specialist-feeding model insects (e.g., Drosophila), where introduction of a single endemic bacterial species to germfree condition-reared specimens recovered normal host phenotypes. These data suggest that understanding microbe-mediated host outcomes in animals with species-rich communities should include models that typically maintain similarly diverse microbiomes. The dramatic transcriptional, developmental, and morphological phenotypes linked to gut microbiome status in this study illustrates how microbes are key players in animal growth and evolution. IMPORTANCE Broadly accessible model organisms are essential for illustrating how microbes are engaged in the growth, development, and evolution of animals. We report that germfree rearing of omnivorous Periplaneta americana cockroaches resulted in growth defects and severely disrupted gene networks that regulate development, which highlights the importance of gut microbiota in these host processes. Absence of gut microbiota elicited a starvation-like transcriptional response in which growth and development were inhibited while nutrient scavenging was enhanced. Additionally, reintroduction of a subset of cockroach gut bacterial commensals did not broadly recover normal expression patterns, illustrating that a particular microbiome composition may be necessary for normal host development. Invertebrate microbiota model systems that enable disentangling complex, species-rich communities are essential for linking microbial taxa to specific host phenotypes.
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30
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Devos M, Grosbois J, Demeestere I. Interaction between PI3K/AKT and Hippo pathways during in vitro follicular activation and response to fragmentation and chemotherapy exposure using a mouse immature ovary model. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:717-729. [PMID: 31786608 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and control of the massive and accelerated follicular growth that occurs during in vitro culture of ovarian tissue is a crucial step toward the development of efficient culture systems that offer an attractive alternative to ovarian tissue transplantation for fertility restoration in cancer survivors. One outstanding question focuses on processes that occur prior to cryopreservation, such as tissue sectioning or chemotherapeutic treatment, might exacerbate this follicular activation. Although the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is well known as a major trigger of physiological and chemotherapy-induced follicular activation, studies have shown that disruption of Hippo pathway due to ovarian fragmentation acts as an additional stimulator. This study aimed to characterize the possible interactions between these pathways using post-natal day 3 mouse ovaries cultured for 4 or 48 h. Morphology, gene transcription, and protein levels were assessed to investigate the impact of sectioning or chemotherapy exposure (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide [4HC], 3 and 20 μM). The effect of an mTORC1 inhibitor, Everolimus, alone or as a 4HC co-treatment to prevent follicle activation was evaluated. The results showed that organ removal from its physiological environment was as effective as sectioning for disruption of Hippo pathway and induction of follicle activation. Both PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hippo pathways were involved in chemotherapy-induced follicular activation and responded to fragmentation. Surprisingly, Everolimus was able to prevent the activation of both pathways during chemotherapy exposure, suggesting cross-talk between them. This study underscores the major involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hippo pathways in in vitro follicle activation and provides evidence that both can be regulated using mTORC1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Devos
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johanne Grosbois
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Demeestere
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Fertility Clinic, CUB-Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Ouladan S, Gregorieff A. Taking a Step Back: Insights into the Mechanisms Regulating Gut Epithelial Dedifferentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137043. [PMID: 34208872 PMCID: PMC8268356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the environmental constraints imposed upon the intestinal epithelium, this tissue must perform essential functions such as nutrient absorption and hormonal regulation, while also acting as a critical barrier to the outside world. These functions depend on a variety of specialized cell types that are constantly renewed by a rapidly proliferating population of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing at the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn. The niche components and signals regulating crypt morphogenesis and maintenance of homeostatic ISCs have been intensely studied over the last decades. Increasingly, however, researchers are turning their attention to unraveling the mechanisms driving gut epithelial regeneration due to physical damage or infection. It is now well established that injury to the gut barrier triggers major cell fate changes, demonstrating the highly plastic nature of the gut epithelium. In particular, lineage tracing and transcriptional profiling experiments have uncovered several injury-induced stem-cell populations and molecular markers of the regenerative state. Despite the progress achieved in recent years, several questions remain unresolved, particularly regarding the mechanisms driving dedifferentiation of the gut epithelium. In this review, we summarize the latest studies, primarily from murine models, that define the regenerative processes governing the gut epithelium and discuss areas that will require more in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaida Ouladan
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alex Gregorieff
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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32
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Anwar S, Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Islam A, Hassan MI. Targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase signaling in the development of effective cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188568. [PMID: 34023419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate is irreversibly decarboxylated to acetyl coenzyme A by mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Decarboxylation of pyruvate is considered a crucial step in cell metabolism and energetics. The cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. This attribute of cancer cells allows them to sustain under indefinite proliferation and growth. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) play critical roles in many diseases because they regulate PDC activity. Recent findings suggest an altered metabolism of cancer cells is associated with impaired mitochondrial function due to PDC inhibition. PDKs inhibit the PDC activity via phosphorylation of the E1a subunit and subsequently cause a glycolytic shift. Thus, inhibition of PDK is an attractive strategy in anticancer therapy. This review highlights that PDC/PDK axis could be implicated in cancer's therapeutic management by developing potential small-molecule PDK inhibitors. In recent years, a dramatic increase in the targeting of the PDC/PDK axis for cancer treatment gained an attention from the scientific community. We further discuss breakthrough findings in the PDC-PDK axis. In addition, structural features, functional significance, mechanism of activation, involvement in various human pathologies, and expression of different forms of PDKs (PDK1-4) in different types of cancers are discussed in detail. We further emphasized the gene expression profiling of PDKs in cancer patients to prognosis and therapeutic manifestations. Additionally, inhibition of the PDK/PDC axis by small molecule inhibitors and natural compounds at different clinical evaluation stages has also been discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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33
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McDonald JMC, Nabili P, Thorsen L, Jeon S, Shingleton AW. Sex-specific plasticity and the nutritional geometry of insulin-signaling gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. EvoDevo 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 33990225 PMCID: PMC8120840 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual-size dimorphism (SSD) is replete among animals, but while the selective pressures that drive the evolution of SSD have been well studied, the developmental mechanisms upon which these pressures act are poorly understood. Ours and others' research has shown that SSD in D. melanogaster reflects elevated levels of nutritional plasticity in females versus males, such that SSD increases with dietary intake and body size, a phenomenon called sex-specific plasticity (SSP). Additional data indicate that while body size in both sexes responds to variation in protein level, only female body size is sensitive to variation in carbohydrate level. Here, we explore whether these difference in sensitivity at the morphological level are reflected by differences in how the insulin/IGF-signaling (IIS) and TOR-signaling pathways respond to changes in carbohydrates and proteins in females versus males, using a nutritional geometry approach. RESULTS The IIS-regulated transcripts of 4E-BP and InR most strongly correlated with body size in females and males, respectively, but neither responded to carbohydrate level and so could not explain the sex-specific response to body size to dietary carbohydrate. Transcripts regulated by TOR-signaling did, however, respond to dietary carbohydrate in a sex-specific manner. In females, expression of dILP5 positively correlated with body size, while expression of dILP2,3 and 8, was elevated on diets with a low concentration of both carbohydrate and protein. In contrast, we detected lower levels of dILP2 and 5 protein in the brains of females fed on low concentration diets. We could not detect any effect of diet on dILP expression in males. CONCLUSION Although females and males show sex-specific transcriptional responses to changes in protein and carbohydrate, the patterns of expression do not support a simple model of the regulation of body-size SSP by either insulin- or TOR-signaling. The data also indicate a complex relationship between carbohydrate and protein level, dILP expression and dILP peptide levels in the brain. In general, diet quality and sex both affect the transcriptional response to changes in diet quantity, and so should be considered in future studies that explore the effect of nutrition on body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M C McDonald
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, 555 North Sheridan Road, Lake Forest, IL, 60045, USA
| | - Pegah Nabili
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, 555 North Sheridan Road, Lake Forest, IL, 60045, USA
| | - Lily Thorsen
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, 555 North Sheridan Road, Lake Forest, IL, 60045, USA
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Alexander W Shingleton
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, 555 North Sheridan Road, Lake Forest, IL, 60045, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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Zhang H, Guo Z, Zhuang Y, Suo Y, Du J, Gao Z, Pan J, Li L, Wang T, Xiao L, Qin G, Jiao Y, Cai H, Li L. MicroRNA775 regulates intrinsic leaf size and reduces cell wall pectin levels by targeting a galactosyltransferase gene in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:581-602. [PMID: 33955485 PMCID: PMC8136896 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess unique primary cell walls made of complex polysaccharides that play critical roles in determining intrinsic cell and organ size. How genes responsible for synthesizing and modifying the polysaccharides in the cell wall are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) to control plant size remains largely unexplored. Here we identified 23 putative cell wall-related miRNAs, termed as CW-miRNAs, in Arabidopsis thaliana and characterized miR775 as an example. We showed that miR775 post-transcriptionally silences GALT9, which encodes an endomembrane-located galactosyltransferase belonging to the glycosyltransferase 31 family. Over-expression of miR775 and deletion of GALT9 led to significantly enlarged leaf-related organs, primarily due to increased cell size. Monosaccharide quantification, confocal Raman imaging, and immunolabeling combined with atomic force microscopy revealed that the MIR775A-GALT9 circuit modulates pectin levels and the elastic modulus of the cell wall. We also showed that MIR775A is directly repressed by the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). Genetic analysis confirmed that HY5 is a negative regulator of leaf size that acts through the HY5-MIR775A-GALT9 repression cascade to control pectin levels. These findings demonstrate that miR775-regulated cell wall remodeling is an integral determinant of intrinsic leaf size in A. thaliana. Studying other CW-miRNAs would provide more insights into cell wall biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhonglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanzhen Suo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianmei Du
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaoxu Gao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiawei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Huaqing Cai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Author for correspondence:
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35
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Nomura S, Fujisawa T, Sota T. Role of sex-concordant gene expression in the coevolution of exaggerated male and female genitalia in a beetle group. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3593-3605. [PMID: 33905498 PMCID: PMC8382896 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Some sexual traits, including genitalia, have undergone coevolutionary diversification
toward exaggerated states in both sexes among closely related species, but the underlying
genetic mechanisms that allow correlated character evolution between the sexes are poorly
understood. Here, we studied interspecific differences in gene expression timing profiles
involved in the correlated evolution of corresponding male and female genital parts in
three species of ground beetle in Carabus (Ohomopterus).
The male and female genital parts maintain morphological matching, whereas large
interspecific variation in genital part size has occurred in the genital coevolution
between the sexes toward exaggeration. We analyzed differences in gene expression involved
in the interspecific differences in genital morphology using whole transcriptome data from
genital tissues during genital morphogenesis. We found that the gene expression variance
attributed to sex was negligible for the majority of differentially expressed genes, thus
exhibiting sex-concordant expression, although large variances were attributed to stage
and species differences. For each sex, we obtained co-expression gene networks and hub
genes from differentially expressed genes between species that might be involved in
interspecific differences in genital morphology. These gene networks were common to both
sexes, and both sex-discordant and sex-concordant gene expression were likely involved in
species-specific genital morphology. In particular, the gene expression related to
exaggerated genital size showed no significant intersexual differences, implying that the
genital sizes in both sexes are controlled by the same gene network with sex-concordant
expression patterns, thereby facilitating the coevolution of exaggerated genitalia between
the sexes while maintaining intersexual matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nomura
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomochika Fujisawa
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,The Center for Data Science Education and Research, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8522, Japan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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36
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Lee HC, Ou CH, Huang YC, Hou PC, Creighton CJ, Lin YS, Hu CY, Lin SC. YAP1 overexpression contributes to the development of enzalutamide resistance by induction of cancer stemness and lipid metabolism in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:2407-2421. [PMID: 33664454 PMCID: PMC8016667 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a malignant and lethal disease caused by relapse after androgen-deprivation (ADT) therapy. Since enzalutamide is innovated and approved by US FDA as a new treatment option for mCRPC patients, drug resistance for enzalutamide is a critical issue during clinical usage. Although several underlying mechanisms causing enzalutamide resistance were previously identified, most of them revealed that drug resistant cells are still highly addicted to androgen and AR functions. Due to the numerous physical functions of AR in men, innovated AR-independent therapy might alleviate enzalutamide resistance and prevent production of adverse side effects. Here, we have identified that yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is overexpressed in enzalutamide-resistant (EnzaR) cells. Furthermore, enzalutamide-induced YAP1 expression is mediated through the function of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 2 (COUP-TFII) at the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels. Functional analyses reveal that YAP1 positively regulates numerous genes related to cancer stemness and lipid metabolism and interacts with COUP-TFII to form a transcriptional complex. More importantly, YAP1 inhibitor attenuates the growth and cancer stemness of EnzaR cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, YAP1, COUP-TFII, and miR-21 are detected in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from EnzaR cells and sera of patients. In addition, treatment with EnzaR-EVs induces the abilities of cancer stemness, lipid metabolism and enzalutamide resistance in its parental cells. Taken together, these results suggest that YAP1 might be a crucial factor involved in the development of enzalutamide resistance and can be an alternative therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chi Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Ou
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Hou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Syuan Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yuan Hu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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37
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Das PK, Islam F, Smith RA, Lam AK. Therapeutic Strategies Against Cancer Stem Cells in Esophageal Carcinomas. Front Oncol 2021; 10:598957. [PMID: 33665161 PMCID: PMC7921694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.598957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in esophageal cancer have a key role in tumor initiation, progression and therapy resistance. Novel therapeutic strategies to target CSCs are being tested, however, more in-depth research is necessary. Eradication of CSCs can result in successful therapeutic approaches against esophageal cancer. Recent evidence suggests that targeting signaling pathways, miRNA expression profiles and other properties of CSCs are important strategies for cancer therapy. Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, Hippo and other pathways play crucial roles in proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of stem cells as well as of CSCs. All of these pathways have been implicated in the regulation of esophageal CSCs and are potential therapeutic targets. Interference with these pathways or their components using small molecules could have therapeutic benefits. Similarly, miRNAs are able to regulate gene expression in esophageal CSCs, so targeting self-renewal pathways with miRNA could be utilized to as a potential therapeutic option. Moreover, hypoxia plays critical roles in esophageal cancer metabolism, stem cell proliferation, maintaining aggressiveness and in regulating the metastatic potential of cancer cells, therefore, targeting hypoxia factors could also provide effective therapeutic modalities against esophageal CSCs. To conclude, additional study of CSCs in esophageal carcinoma could open promising therapeutic options in esophageal carcinomas by targeting hyper-activated signaling pathways, manipulating miRNA expression and hypoxia mechanisms in esophageal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert A Smith
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Gogia N, Chimata AV, Deshpande P, Singh A, Singh A. Hippo signaling: bridging the gap between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:643-652. [PMID: 33063715 PMCID: PMC8067938 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, regulation of organ size requires a balance between cell proliferation, growth and cell death. Dysregulation of these fundamental processes can cause a variety of diseases. Excessive cell proliferation results in cancer whereas excessive cell death results in neurodegenerative disorders. Many signaling pathways known-to-date have a role in growth regulation. Among them, evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway is unique as it controls both cell proliferation and cell death by a variety of mechanisms during organ sculpture and development. Neurodegeneration, a complex process of progressive death of neuronal population, results in fatal disorders with no available cure to date. During normal development, cell death is required for sculpting of an organ. However, aberrant cell death in neuronal cell population can result in neurodegenerative disorders. Hippo pathway has gathered major attention for its role in growth regulation and cancer, however, other functions like its role in neurodegeneration are also emerging rapidly. This review highlights the role of Hippo signaling in cell death and neurodegenerative diseases and provide the information on the chemical inhibitors employed to block Hippo pathway. Understanding Hippo mediated cell death mechanisms will aid in development of reliable and effective therapeutic strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gogia
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Aditi Singh
- Medical Candidate, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology; Premedical Program; Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND); The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH; Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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39
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Ajani JA, Xu Y, Huo L, Wang R, Li Y, Wang Y, Pizzi MP, Scott AW, Harada K, Ma L, Yao X, Jin J, Zhao W, Dong X, Badgwell BD, Shanbhag ND, Tatlonghari G, Estrella JS, Roy Chowdhuri S, Kobayashi M, Vykouka JV, Hanash S, Calin GA, Peng G, Lee JS, Johnson RL, Wang Z, Wang L, Song S. YAP1 mediates gastric adenocarcinoma peritoneal metastases that are attenuated by YAP1 inhibition. Gut 2021; 70:55-66. [PMID: 32345613 PMCID: PMC9832914 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC; malignant ascites or implants) occurs in approximately 45% of advanced gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) patients and associated with a poor survival. The molecular events leading to PC are unknown. The yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) oncogene has emerged in many tumour types, but its clinical significance in PC is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of YAP1 in PC and its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS Patient-derived PC cells, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and patient-derived orthotopic (PDO) models were used to study the function of YAP1 in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and single-cell RNA-Seq (sc-RNA-Seq) were used to elucidate the expression of YAP1 and PC cell heterogeneity. LentiCRISPR/Cas9 knockout of YAP1 and a YAP1 inhibitor were used to dissect its role in PC metastases. RESULTS YAP1 was highly upregulated in PC tumour cells, conferred cancer stem cell (CSC) properties and appeared to be a metastatic driver. Dual staining of YAP1/EpCAM and sc-RNA-Seq revealed that PC tumour cells were highly heterogeneous, YAP1high PC cells had CSC-like properties and easily formed PDX/PDO tumours but also formed PC in mice, while genetic knockout YAP1 significantly slowed tumour growth and eliminated PC in PDO model. Additionally, pharmacologic inhibition of YAP1 specifically reduced CSC-like properties and suppressed tumour growth in YAP1high PC cells especially in combination with cytotoxics in vivo PDX model. CONCLUSIONS YAP1 is essential for PC that is attenuated by YAP1 inhibition. Our data provide a strong rationale to target YAP1 in clinic for GAC patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Shumei Song, PhD, tel.: 713-834-6144, ,; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA. Jaffer A. Ajani, MD, Tel: 713-792-2828, ; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Detartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ailing W. Scott
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodan Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian D. Badgwell
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Namita D. Shanbhag
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ghia Tatlonghari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeannelyn S. Estrella
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sinchita Roy Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jody V. Vykouka
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Randy L. Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Detartment of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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40
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Qian X, He L, Hao M, Li Y, Li X, Liu Y, Jiang H, Xu L, Li C, Wu W, Du L, Yin X, Lu Q. YAP mediates the interaction between the Hippo and PI3K/Akt pathways in mesangial cell proliferation in diabetic nephropathy. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:47-62. [PMID: 32816106 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glomerular mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is one of the main pathological changes in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but its mechanism needs further elaboration. The Hippo and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways are involved in the regulation of MC proliferation, but their relationship in hyperglycaemia-induced MC proliferation has not been reported. METHODS We used db/db mice and high-glucose-cultured mesangial cells to generate a diabetic nephropathy model. An MST1-knockdown plasmid was used to identify whether the PI3K/Akt pathway is linked to the Hippo pathway through MST1. LY294002 and SC79 were used to verify the role of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in MC cells. RNA silencing and overexpression were performed by using YAP and PTEN-expression/knockdown plasmids to investigate the function of YAP and PTEN, respectively, in the Hippo and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. RESULTS By examining a potential feedback loop, we found decreased phosphorylation of MST1 and Lats1 and increased PI3K/Akt activation in db/db mice and high glucose-treated MCs, along with increased MC proliferation. The results of our gene silencing experiment proved PI3K/Akt-mediated intervention in the Hippo pathway and the regulatory effect of YAP on PI3K/Akt through PTEN. CONCLUSIONS The Hippo pathway is inhibited under diabetic conditions, leading to YAP activation and promoting MC proliferation. The PI3K/Akt pathway is activated through the inhibitory effect of YAP on its repressor, PTEN. Finally, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits the Hippo pathway, resulting in nuclear YAP accumulation and accelerating MC proliferation and DN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xizhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenya Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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41
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Dynamic optima in cell sizes during early development enable normal gastrulation in zebrafish embryos. Dev Biol 2020; 468:26-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Tang Z, Su KH, Xu M, Dai C. HSF1 physically neutralizes amyloid oligomers to empower overgrowth and bestow neuroprotection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/46/eabc6871. [PMID: 33177089 PMCID: PMC7673739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of proteomic instability in cancer, particularly amyloidogenesis, remains obscure. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) transcriptionally governs the proteotoxic stress response to suppress proteomic instability and enhance survival. Paradoxically, HSF1 promotes oncogenesis. Here, we report that AKT activates HSF1 via Ser230 phosphorylation. In vivo, HSF1 enables megalencephaly and hepatomegaly, which are driven by hyperactive phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling. Hsf1 deficiency exacerbates amyloidogenesis and elicits apoptosis, thereby countering tissue overgrowth. Unexpectedly, HSF1 physically neutralizes soluble amyloid oligomers (AOs). Beyond impeding amyloidogenesis, HSF1 shields HSP60 from direct assault by AOs, averting HSP60 destabilization, collapse of the mitochondrial proteome, and, ultimately, mitophagy and apoptosis. The very same mechanism occurs in Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that amyloidogenesis may be a checkpoint mechanism that constrains uncontrolled growth and safeguards tissue homeostasis, congruent with its emerging tumor-suppressive function. HSF1, by acting as an anti-amyloid factor, promotes overgrowth syndromes and cancer but may suppress neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Tang
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Graduate Programs, Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Kuo-Hui Su
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Chengkai Dai
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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43
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Li Y, Konstantopoulos K, Zhao R, Mori Y, Sun SX. The importance of water and hydraulic pressure in cell dynamics. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/20/jcs240341. [PMID: 33087485 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All mammalian cells live in the aqueous medium, yet for many cell biologists, water is a passive arena in which proteins are the leading players that carry out essential biological functions. Recent studies, as well as decades of previous work, have accumulated evidence to show that this is not the complete picture. Active fluxes of water and solutes of water can play essential roles during cell shape changes, cell motility and tissue function, and can generate significant mechanical forces. Moreover, the extracellular resistance to water flow, known as the hydraulic resistance, and external hydraulic pressures are important mechanical modulators of cell polarization and motility. For the cell to maintain a consistent chemical environment in the cytoplasm, there must exist an intricate molecular system that actively controls the cell water content as well as the cytoplasmic ionic content. This system is difficult to study and poorly understood, but ramifications of which may impact all aspects of cell biology from growth to metabolism to development. In this Review, we describe how mammalian cells maintain the cytoplasmic water content and how water flows across the cell surface to drive cell movement. The roles of mechanical forces and hydraulic pressure during water movement are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University. Marietta, GA 30060, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Runchen Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yoichiro Mori
- Department of Mathematics and Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sean X Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA .,Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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44
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Tang F, Christofori G. The cross-talk between the Hippo signaling pathway and autophagy:implications on physiology and cancer. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2563-2572. [PMID: 32809908 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1806450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development is precisely guided by spatiotemporal cross-talks between a variety of signaling pathways regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, growth arrest and physiological cell death. Aberrant signaling inputs invariably lead to tissue dysfunction and to certain conditions, even malignant transformation. In this review, we focus on the functional interplay between the Hippo signaling pathway and autophagy in normal tissue homeostasis and in malignant tumor progression. Mounting experimental evidence for the regulation of cancer cell malignancy and therapy resistance by the functional cross-talk between Hippo signaling and autophagy highlights this signaling axis as a suitable therapeutic target to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Gil-Ranedo J, Gonzaga E, Jaworek KJ, Berger C, Bossing T, Barros CS. STRIPAK Members Orchestrate Hippo and Insulin Receptor Signaling to Promote Neural Stem Cell Reactivation. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2921-2933.e5. [PMID: 31167138 PMCID: PMC6581792 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells reactivate from quiescence to maintain tissue homeostasis and in response to injury. How the underlying regulatory signals are integrated is largely unknown. Drosophila neural stem cells (NSCs) also leave quiescence to generate adult neurons and glia, a process that is dependent on Hippo signaling inhibition and activation of the insulin-like receptor (InR)/PI3K/Akt cascade. We performed a transcriptome analysis of individual quiescent and reactivating NSCs harvested directly from Drosophila brains and identified the conserved STRIPAK complex members mob4, cka, and PP2A (microtubule star, mts). We show that PP2A/Mts phosphatase, with its regulatory subunit Widerborst, maintains NSC quiescence, preventing premature activation of InR/PI3K/Akt signaling. Conversely, an increase in Mob4 and Cka levels promotes NSC reactivation. Mob4 and Cka are essential to recruit PP2A/Mts into a complex with Hippo kinase, resulting in Hippo pathway inhibition. We propose that Mob4/Cka/Mts functions as an intrinsic molecular switch coordinating Hippo and InR/PI3K/Akt pathways and enabling NSC reactivation. Transcriptional profiling of reactivating versus quiescent NSCs identifies STRIPAK members PP2A/Mts phosphatase inhibits Akt activation, maintaining NSC quiescence Mob4 and Cka target Mts to Hippo to inhibit its activity and promote NSC reactivation Mob4/Cka/Mts coordinate Hippo and InR/PI3K/Akt signaling in NSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Gil-Ranedo
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Eleanor Gonzaga
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Karolina J Jaworek
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Christian Berger
- Institute of Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Torsten Bossing
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Claudia S Barros
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK.
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Zitoun OA, Farhat AM, Mohamed MA, Hamad MR, Aramini B, Haider KH. Management of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) by combinatorial approach using alpha-1-adrenergic antagonists and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173301. [PMID: 32592768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the main available treatments for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) are alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists (ARAs), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-αRI), anticholinergics, and Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Recent studies support the combined therapy approach using ARAs with 5-αRI for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in BPH patients at risk of clinical progression. We aimed to review BPH management in select group of randomized controlled trials by combination therapy with ARAs and 5-αRIs compared to monotherapy with either drug with respect to the safety and efficacy. A total of 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving comparison of combination therapy with monotherapy using ARAs and 5-αRIs were retrieved from PubMed Central and reviewed for international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), post-residual urinary flow rate (PUF), and clinical progression. The results significantly favour the treatment group that received the combination therapy in comparison with the groups receiving monotherapy. However, outcome with regard to prostate volume showed insignificant improvement when the combination therapy is compared with 5- αRIs alone, rather than ARAs. In conclusion, combination therapy using ARAs and 5-αRI is better than monotherapy in the patients of BPH. Fixed dose combination (FDC), a type of combination, is also cost-effective and its side-effects profile resembles to that of monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Zitoun
- Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Mohamed A Mohamed
- Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad R Hamad
- Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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47
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Liu D, Shoag JE, Poliak D, Goueli RS, Ravikumar V, Redmond D, Vosoughi A, Fontugne J, Pan H, Lee D, Thomas D, Salari K, Wang Z, Romanel A, Te A, Lee R, Chughtai B, Olumi AF, Mosquera JM, Demichelis F, Elemento O, Rubin MA, Sboner A, Barbieri CE. Integrative multiplatform molecular profiling of benign prostatic hyperplasia identifies distinct subtypes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1987. [PMID: 32332823 PMCID: PMC7181734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate, is among the most common diseases affecting aging men, but the underlying molecular features remain poorly understood, and therapeutic options are limited. Here we employ a comprehensive molecular investigation of BPH, including genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling. We find no evidence of neoplastic features in BPH: no evidence of driver genomic alterations, including low coding mutation rates, mutational signatures consistent with aging tissues, minimal copy number alterations, and no genomic rearrangements. At the epigenetic level, global hypermethylation is the dominant process. Integrating transcriptional and methylation signatures identifies two BPH subgroups with distinct clinical features and signaling pathways, validated in two independent cohorts. Finally, mTOR inhibitors emerge as a potential subtype-specific therapeutic option, and men exposed to mTOR inhibitors show a significant decrease in prostate size. We conclude that BPH consists of distinct molecular subgroups, with potential for subtype-specific precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Liu
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan E Shoag
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Poliak
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramy S Goueli
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David Redmond
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aram Vosoughi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Fontugne
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heng Pan
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Domonique Thomas
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keyan Salari
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Romanel
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Alexis Te
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bilal Chughtai
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aria F Olumi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Miguel Mosquera
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Olivier Elemento
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher E Barbieri
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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48
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Song S, Li Y, Xu Y, Ma L, Pool Pizzi M, Jin J, Scott AW, Huo L, Wang Y, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Weston B, Shanbhag ND, Johnson RL, Ajani JA. Targeting Hippo coactivator YAP1 through BET bromodomain inhibition in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1410-1426. [PMID: 32175692 PMCID: PMC7266288 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo/YAP1 signaling is a major regulator of organ size, cancer stemness, and aggressive phenotype. Thus, targeting YAP1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for tumors with high YAP1 expression in esophageal cancer (EC). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) and quantitative ChiP‐PCR were used to determine the regulation of the chromatin remodeling protein bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) on YAP1. The role of the bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) inhibitor JQ1, an established BRD4 inhibitor, on inhibition of YAP1 in EC cells was dissected using western blot, immunofluorescence, qPCR, and transient transfection. The antitumor activities of BET inhibitor were further examined by variety of functional assays, cell proliferation (MTS), tumorsphere, and ALDH1+ labeling in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that BRD4 regulates YAP1 expression and transcription. ChiP assays revealed that BRD4 directly occupies YAP1 promoter and that JQ1 robustly blocks BRD4 binding to the YAP1 promoter. Consequently, JQ1 strongly suppresses constitutive or induced YAP1 expression and transcription in EC cells and YAP1/Tead downstream transcriptional activity. Intriguingly, radiation‐resistant cells that acquire strong cancer stem cell traits and an aggressive phenotype can be effectively suppressed by JQ1 as assessed by cell proliferation, tumorsphere formation, and reduction in the ALDH1+ cells. Moreover, effects of JQ1 are synergistically amplified by the addition of docetaxel in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that BRD4 is a critical regulator of Hippo/YAP1 signaling and that BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 represents a new class of inhibitor of Hippo/YAP1 signaling, primarily targeting YAP1 high and therapy‐resistant cancer cells enriched with cancer stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ailing W Scott
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manoop S Bhutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Weston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Namita D Shanbhag
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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49
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Kakanj P, Eming SA, Partridge L, Leptin M. Long-term in vivo imaging of Drosophila larvae. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1158-1187. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Gan W, Dai X, Dai X, Xie J, Yin S, Zhu J, Wang C, Liu Y, Guo J, Wang M, Liu J, Hu J, Quinton RJ, Ganem NJ, Liu P, Asara JM, Pandolfi PP, Yang Y, He Z, Gao G, Wei W. LATS suppresses mTORC1 activity to directly coordinate Hippo and mTORC1 pathways in growth control. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:246-256. [PMID: 32015438 PMCID: PMC7076906 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo and mTORC1 pathways are the two predominant growth-control pathways that dictate proper organ development. We therefore explored a possible crosstalk between these two functional relevant pathways to coordinate their growth-control functions. We found that the LATS1/2 kinases, the core component of the Hippo pathway, phosphorylate Ser606 of Raptor, an essential component of mTORC1, to attenuate mTORC1 activation through impairing Raptor interaction with Rheb. The phosphomimetic Raptor-S606D knock-in mutant leads to a reduction in cell size and cell proliferation. Compared to Raptor+/+ mice, RaptorD/D knock-in mice exhibit smaller liver and heart, and a significant inhibition of Nf2 or Lats1/2 loss-induced elevation of mTORC1 signaling and liver size. Thus, our study reveals a direct link between the Hippo and mTORC1 pathways to fine-tune organ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Gan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research and Horae Gene Therapy Center and Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shasha Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Urology, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ryan J Quinton
- The Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil J Ganem
- The Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research and Horae Gene Therapy Center and Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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