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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhuang C, Qi J, Zhao RC, Wang J. Lipid droplets in the nervous system: involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:740-750. [PMID: 38886939 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons, glial cells, and other cells in the nervous system. Lipid droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum. Previously, lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis; however, recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous system. In addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism, lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress responses. Furthermore, lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial cells. Dysregulation of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, and nervous system diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system, covering topics such as biogenesis, cellular specificity, and functions. Additionally, it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxuan Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Ge J, Wang Z, Deng Y, Ding F, Wang J, Shen X, Zhang C, Wang C, Hu L, Wang H. Near-infrared lipid droplets polarity fluorescent probe for early diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 318:124479. [PMID: 38772178 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, it has been proven that lipid droplets (LDs) not only maintain the fundamental cellular functions, but also play an essential role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among these diseases. In this work, we designed two polarity sensitive fluorescent probes TST and TSO with D-π-A-D structure by introducing different electron acceptor groups according to the low polarity of LDs. The experimental discovered that probe TST exhibited the characteristics of near-infrared emission, high selectivity towards polarity, large Stokes shift, rapid targeting ability of LDs, and robust wash-free biological imaging capability. Confocal images illustrated that probe TST has been successfully applied in monitoring LDs polarity during ferroptosis, as well as visualizing changes in LDs polarity at both tissue and organ levels in fatty liver conditions. With these exceptional properties, probe TST was anticipated to make further contributions to the field of LDs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Ge
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Feiyang Ding
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xuebin Shen
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Cuifeng Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Lei Hu
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
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3
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Li K, Wang Y, Li Y, Shi W, Yan J. Development of BODIPY-based fluorescent probes for imaging Aβ aggregates and lipid droplet viscosity. Talanta 2024; 277:126362. [PMID: 38843773 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), gradually recognized as an untreatable neurodegenerative disorder, has been considered to be closely associated with Aβ plaques, which consist of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and is one of the crucial pathological features of AD. There are no obvious symptoms in the initial phase of AD, and thus the therapeutic interventions are important for early diagnosis of AD. Moreover, recent researches have indicated that lipid droplets might serve as a potential ancillary biomarker, and its viscosity changes are closely associated to the pathological process of AD. Herein, two newly fluorescent probes 5QSZ and BQSZ have been developed and synthesized for identifying Aβ aggregates and detecting the viscosity of lipid droplet. After selectively binding to Aβ aggregates, 5QSZ and BQSZ exhibited linear and obvious fluorescence enhancements (32.58 and 36.70 folds), moderate affinity (Kd = 268.0 and 148.6 nM) and low detection limits (30.11 and 65.37 nM) in aqueous solutions. Further fluorescence staining of 5QSZ on brain tissue sections of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse exhibited the higher selectivity of 5QSZ towards Aβ aggregates locating at the core of the plaques. Furthermore, 5QSZ and BQSZ displayed strong linear fluorescence emission enhancements towards viscosity changes and would be utilized to monitor variation in cellular viscosity induced by LPS or monensin. These two probes were non-cytotoxic and showed good localization in lipid droplets. Therefore, 5QSZ and BQSZ could serve as potential bi-functional fluorescent probes to image Aβ aggregates and monitor the viscosity of lipid droplets, which have significant implications for the early diagnosis and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Li
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jinwu Yan
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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4
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Li Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Shi W, Yan J. Construction and evaluation of near-infrared fluorescent probes for imaging lipid droplet and lysosomal viscosity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 316:124356. [PMID: 38678840 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Microenvironmental viscosity is a crucial parameter for biological systems, and its abnormal fluctuations are closely associated with various functional disorders and diseases. However, it is still important and urgent to develop improved near-infrared fluorescent probes for micro-viscosity with dual-organelle targeting properties, low background noise, and high sensitivity. Herein, two BODIPY-based small-molecule fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized, which were explored for their viscosity- and polarity-responsive properties, and were further applied to imaging sub-cellular viscosity in living cells. Interestingly, BSZ-Ph and BSZ-R displayed near-infrared fluorescence (more than 650 nm) and were sensitive to environmental viscosity and polarity due to the introduction of a benzothiazole at the 2-position and electron-rich aniline groups at the 5-position of the BODIPY core, respectively. The fluorescence intensity increased exponentially with the viscosity changes. Furthermore, the probe BSZ-Ph could successfully target lipid droplets and image cellular viscosity changes by treating lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and nystatin. Comparatively, the probe BSZ-R could successfully target the dual organelles of lipid droplets and lysosomes and image cellular viscosity changes by treating LPS and monensin. Therefore, in this work, we reported two new BODIPY-based near-infrared fluorescent probes, BSZ-Ph and BSZ-R, for cellular viscosity imaging, which could target lipid droplets and the dual organelles of lysosomes and lipid droplets, respectively. The study could provide a reference for the future development of fluorescent probes for viscosity in lipid droplets and lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Li
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory On Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory On Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, C/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jinwu Yan
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory On Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Wang S, Wang X, Li S, Sun X, Xue M, Di D, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Zhou T, Fan Z. Maize lipid droplet-associated protein 2 is recruited by a virus to enhance viral multiplication and infection through regulating cellular fatty acid metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39007841 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen infection induces massive reprogramming of host primary metabolism. Lipid and fatty acid (FA) metabolism is generally disrupted by pathogens and co-opted for their proliferation. Lipid droplets (LDs) that play important roles in regulating cellular lipid metabolism are utilized by a variety of pathogens in mammalian cells. However, the function of LDs during pathogenic infection in plants remains unknown. We show here that infection by rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) affects the lipid metabolism of maize, which causes elevated accumulation of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) leading to viral proliferation and symptom development. The overexpression of one of the two novel LD-associated proteins (LDAPs) of maize (ZmLDAP1 and ZmLDAP2) induces LD clustering. The core capsid protein P8 of RBSDV interacts with ZmLDAP2 and prevents its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediated by a UBX domain-containing protein, PUX10. In addition, silencing of ZmLDAP2 downregulates the expression of FA desaturase genes in maize, leading to a decrease in C18 PUFAs levels and suppression of RBSDV accumulation. Our findings reveal that plant virus may recruit LDAP to regulate cellular FA metabolism to promote viral multiplication and infection. These results expand the knowledge of LD functions and viral infection mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siqi Li
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Sun
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingshuo Xue
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dianping Di
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
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6
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Le BAM, Nguyen LBL, Lam DTP, Lam CT, Nguyen NT, Nguyen VT, Bui HT. Agarose-based 3D culture improved the developmental competence of oocyte-granulosa complex isolated from porcine preantral follicle. Theriogenology 2024; 223:11-21. [PMID: 38657435 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Various models have been established to culture whole follicles of the Preantral stage; however, the process remains inefficient and is an ongoing challenge formation. It is reported that oocyte-cumulus-granulosa complexes (OCGCs) isolated from Early Antral follicles (EAFs) undergo in vitro growth (IVG) and acquire meiotic competence in some animals. However, IVG for the oocyte-granulosa complexes (OGCs) from Preantral Follicles (PAFs) has not been firmly established. The present study indicated that the use of a modified medium with Ascorbic Acid (50 μM) facilitated granulosa cell proliferation, promoted cumulus cell differentiations, and increased antrum formation for the OGCs isolated from PAFs (0.3-0.4 mm). However, the two-dimensional 96-well plate system (2D) experienced smaller size follicles and could not prolong more than 10 days of IVG. Another method is to use an Agarose matrix 3D system to provide a soft, non-adhesive base that supports the IVG of OGCs isolated from PAFs and promotes cell proliferation, antrum formation, and maintenance for 14 days. OGCs that were grown using this method retained their spherical morphology, which in turn helped to attain healthy granulosa cells and maintain their connection with oocytes, in addition, these oocytes significantly increased diameter and lipid content, indicating developmental competence. Our result indicated that the OGCs from PAFs after IVG undergo a change in chromatin morphology and expression of acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (Ac-H3-K9) and methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (Me-H3-K4), similar to the in vivo oocytes isolated from the ovary. Likewise, IVG oocytes cultured for maturation showed full cumulus expansion and reached mature oocytes. Furthermore, after in vitro maturation, IVG oocytes underwent the first cleavage following parthenogenetic activation. In conclusion, while most studies used whole follicles from the Preantral stage for IVG, our research finding was the first to reveal that oocytes isolated from the final stage of PAFs can migrate out of the follicle and undergo IVG under suitable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Anh My Le
- Cellular Reprogramming Lab, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Lien Boi Linh Nguyen
- Cellular Reprogramming Lab, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Do Truc Phuong Lam
- Cellular Reprogramming Lab, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Chi Thien Lam
- Cellular Reprogramming Lab, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nhat-Thinh Nguyen
- Cellular Reprogramming Lab, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; School of Medicine-VNU, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Van Thuan Nguyen
- Cellular Reprogramming Lab, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Hong-Thuy Bui
- Cellular Reprogramming Lab, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Madsen S, Delgado AC, Cadilhac C, Maillard V, Battiston F, Igelbüscher CM, De Neck S, Magrinelli E, Jabaudon D, Telley L, Doetsch F, Knobloch M. A fluorescent perilipin 2 knock-in mouse model reveals a high abundance of lipid droplets in the developing and adult brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5489. [PMID: 38942786 PMCID: PMC11213871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic lipid storage organelles. They are tightly linked to metabolism and can exert protective functions, making them important players in health and disease. Most LD studies in vivo rely on staining methods, providing only a snapshot. We therefore developed a LD-reporter mouse by labelling the endogenous LD coat protein perilipin 2 (PLIN2) with tdTomato, enabling staining-free fluorescent LD visualisation in living and fixed tissues and cells. Here we validate this model under standard and high-fat diet conditions and demonstrate that LDs are highly abundant in various cell types in the healthy brain, including neurons, astrocytes, ependymal cells, neural stem/progenitor cells and microglia. Furthermore, we also show that LDs are abundant during brain development and can be visualized using live imaging of embryonic slices. Taken together, our tdTom-Plin2 mouse serves as a novel tool to study LDs and their dynamics under both physiological and diseased conditions in all tissues expressing Plin2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Madsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christelle Cadilhac
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanille Maillard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Battiston
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon De Neck
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elia Magrinelli
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denis Jabaudon
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Telley
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Guo Z, Zeng C, Shen Y, Hu L, Zhang H, Li Z, Dong W, Wang Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Jiang W. Helper Lipid-Enhanced mRNA Delivery for Treating Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6743-6752. [PMID: 38783628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the forefront of mRNA delivery platforms, yet achieving precise delivery to specific cells remains a challenge. The current targeting strategies complicate the formulation and impede the regulatory approval process. Here, through a straightforward regulation of helper lipids within LNPs, we introduce an engineered LNP designed for targeted delivery of mRNA into hepatocytes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) treatment. The optimized LNP, supplied with POPC as the helper lipid, exhibits a 2.49-fold increase in mRNA transfection efficiency in hepatocytes compared to that of FDA-approved LNPs. CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α mRNA is selected for delivery to hepatocytes through the optimized LNP system for self-calibration of phosphatidylcholine levels to prevent lipid droplet expansion in MAFLD. This strategy effectively regulates lipid homeostasis, while demonstrating proven biosafety. Our results present a mRNA therapy for MAFLD and open a new avenue for discovering potent lipids enabling mRNA delivery to specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Cici Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yanqiong Shen
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Core Facility Centre for Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wang Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yucai Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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9
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Xu S, Offermanns S. Endothelial lipid droplets drive atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:453-455. [PMID: 38431437 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are essential for cellular pathophysiology. In two recent reports, Kim et al. and Boutagy et al. show that accumulation of LDs in endothelial cells (ECs) elevates blood pressure and accelerates progression of atherosclerosis. These findings identify a novel mechanism of EC lipid metabolism which drives cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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Chao CF, Pesch YY, Yu H, Wang C, Aristizabal MJ, Huan T, Tanentzapf G, Rideout E. An important role for triglyceride in regulating spermatogenesis. eLife 2024; 12:RP87523. [PMID: 38805376 PMCID: PMC11132686 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Drosophila is a powerful model to study how lipids affect spermatogenesis. Yet, the contribution of neutral lipids, a major lipid group which resides in organelles called lipid droplets (LD), to sperm development is largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests LD are present in the testis and that loss of neutral lipid- and LD-associated genes causes subfertility; however, key regulators of testis neutral lipids and LD remain unclear. Here, we show LD are present in early-stage somatic and germline cells within the Drosophila testis. We identified a role for triglyceride lipase brummer (bmm) in regulating testis LD, and found that whole-body loss of bmm leads to defects in sperm development. Importantly, these represent cell-autonomous roles for bmm in regulating testis LD and spermatogenesis. Because lipidomic analysis of bmm mutants revealed excess triglyceride accumulation, and spermatogenic defects in bmm mutants were rescued by genetically blocking triglyceride synthesis, our data suggest that bmm-mediated regulation of triglyceride influences sperm development. This identifies triglyceride as an important neutral lipid that contributes to Drosophila sperm development, and reveals a key role for bmm in regulating testis triglyceride levels during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F Chao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Yanina-Yasmin Pesch
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Huaxu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Chenjingyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | | | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Elizabeth Rideout
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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11
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Gandhi SA, Parveen S, Alduhailan M, Tripathi R, Junedi N, Saqallah M, Sanders MA, Hoffmann PM, Truex K, Granneman JG, Kelly CV. Methods for making and observing model lipid droplets. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100774. [PMID: 38749444 PMCID: PMC11133809 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
We present methods for making and testing the membrane biophysics of model lipid droplets (LDs). Methods are described for imaging LDs ranging in size from 0.1 to 40 μm in diameter with high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy. With known LD compositions, membrane binding, sorting, diffusion, and tension were measured via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and imaging flow cytometry. Additionally, a custom, small-volume pendant droplet tensiometer is described and used to measure the association of phospholipids to the LD surface. These complementary, cross-validating methods of measuring LD membrane behavior reveal the interplay of biophysical processes on lipid droplet monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali A Gandhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Shahnaz Parveen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Munirah Alduhailan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ramesh Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nasser Junedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mohammad Saqallah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Matthew A Sanders
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 40201, USA; Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Peter M Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Physical Sciences Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
| | - Katherine Truex
- Department of Physics, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 40201, USA; Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Christopher V Kelly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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12
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Lou J, Ancajas CF, Zhou Y, Lane NS, Reynolds TB, Best MD. Probing Glycerolipid Metabolism using a Caged Clickable Glycerol-3-Phosphate Probe. Chembiochem 2024:e202300853. [PMID: 38705850 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present the probe SATE-G3P-N3 as a novel tool for metabolic labeling of glycerolipids (GLs) to investigate lipid metabolism in yeast cells. By introducing a clickable azide handle onto the glycerol backbone, this probe enables general labeling of glycerolipids. Additionally, this probe contains a caged phosphate moiety at the glycerol sn-3 position to not only facilitate probe uptake by masking negative charge but also to bypass the phosphorylation step crucial for initiating phospholipid synthesis, thereby enhancing phospholipid labeling. The metabolic labeling activity of the probe was thoroughly assessed through cellular fluorescence microscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) experiments. Fluorescence microscopy analysis demonstrated successful incorporation of the probe into yeast cells, with labeling predominantly localized at the plasma membrane. LCMS analysis confirmed metabolic labeling of various phospholipid species (PC, PS, PA, PI, and PG) and neutral lipids (MAG, DAG, and TAG), and GL labeling was corroborated by TLC. These results showcased the potential of the SATE-G3P-N3 probe in studying GL metabolism, offering a versatile and valuable approach to explore the intricate dynamics of lipids in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Christelle F Ancajas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1311 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 337996, USA
| | - Nicolas S Lane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Todd B Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1311 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 337996, USA
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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13
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Zhou Y, Sanchez VB, Xu P, Roule T, Flores-Mendez M, Ciesielski B, Yoo D, Teshome H, Jimenez T, Liu S, Henne M, O’Brien T, He Y, Mesaros C, Akizu N. Altered lipid homeostasis is associated with cerebellar neurodegeneration in SNX14 deficiency. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e168594. [PMID: 38625743 PMCID: PMC11141923 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid homeostasis is emerging as a potential cause of neurodegenerative disorders. However, evidence of errors in lipid homeostasis as a pathogenic mechanism of neurodegeneration remains limited. Here, we show that cerebellar neurodegeneration caused by Sorting Nexin 14 (SNX14) deficiency is associated with lipid homeostasis defects. Recent studies indicate that SNX14 is an interorganelle lipid transfer protein that regulates lipid transport, lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis, and fatty acid desaturation, suggesting that human SNX14 deficiency belongs to an expanding class of cerebellar neurodegenerative disorders caused by altered cellular lipid homeostasis. To test this hypothesis, we generated a mouse model that recapitulates human SNX14 deficiency at a genetic and phenotypic level. We demonstrate that cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) are selectively vulnerable to SNX14 deficiency while forebrain regions preserve their neuronal content. Ultrastructure and lipidomic studies reveal widespread lipid storage and metabolism defects in SNX14-deficient mice. However, predegenerating SNX14-deficient cerebella show a unique accumulation of acylcarnitines and depletion of triglycerides. Furthermore, defects in LD content and telolysosome enlargement in predegenerating PCs suggest lipotoxicity as a pathogenic mechanism of SNX14 deficiency. Our work shows a selective cerebellar vulnerability to altered lipid homeostasis and provides a mouse model for future therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhou
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Vanessa B. Sanchez
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Peining Xu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Roule
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Marco Flores-Mendez
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Brianna Ciesielski
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna Yoo
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Hiab Teshome
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Teresa Jimenez
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Shibo Liu
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tim O’Brien
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ye He
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
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14
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Yin J, Chen HL, Grigsby-Brown A, He Y, Cotten ML, Short J, Dermady A, Lei J, Gibbs M, Cheng ES, Zhang D, Long C, Xu L, Zhong T, Abzalimov R, Haider M, Sun R, He Y, Zhou Q, Tjandra N, Yuan Q. Glia-derived secretory fatty acid binding protein Obp44a regulates lipid storage and efflux in the developing Drosophila brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588417. [PMID: 38645138 PMCID: PMC11030299 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Glia derived secretory factors play diverse roles in supporting the development, physiology, and stress responses of the central nervous system (CNS). Through transcriptomics and imaging analyses, we have identified Obp44a as one of the most abundantly produced secretory proteins from Drosophila CNS glia. Protein structure homology modeling and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments reveal Obp44a as a fatty acid binding protein (FABP) with a high affinity towards long-chain fatty acids in both native and oxidized forms. Further analyses demonstrate that Obp44a effectively infiltrates the neuropil, traffics between neuron and glia, and is secreted into hemolymph, acting as a lipid chaperone and scavenger to regulate lipid and redox homeostasis in the developing brain. In agreement with this essential role, deficiency of Obp44a leads to anatomical and behavioral deficits in adult animals and elevated oxidized lipid levels. Collectively, our findings unveil the crucial involvement of a noncanonical lipid chaperone to shuttle fatty acids within and outside the brain, as needed to maintain a healthy brain lipid environment. These findings could inspire the design of novel approaches to restore lipid homeostasis that is dysregulated in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hsueh-Ling Chen
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anna Grigsby-Brown
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yi He
- Fermentation Facility, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Myriam L Cotten
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Jacob Short
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aidan Dermady
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jingce Lei
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mary Gibbs
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ethan S Cheng
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dean Zhang
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Caixia Long
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lele Xu
- Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Tiffany Zhong
- Neuroscience Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Rinat Abzalimov
- Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Mariam Haider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Rong Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ye He
- Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Qiangjun Zhou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Quan Yuan
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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15
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Dai C, Ge W, Li T, Kong X, Tian M, Niu J. Single Fluorescent Probe for Multiple Tasks: Illuminating Lipid Droplets and Lysosomes in Dual Channels and Distinguishing Autophagy and Apoptosis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4013-4022. [PMID: 38426215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) and lysosomes play key roles in autophagy and cell apoptosis, and the discriminative visualization of the two organelles and simultaneously of autophagy and apoptosis is very helpful to understand their internal relationships. However, fluorescent probes that can concurrently achieve these tasks are not available currently. Herein, we delicately fabricate a robust probe CAQ2 for multiple tasks: illumination of LDs and lysosomes in dual emission colors as well as discriminative visualization of cell apoptosis and autophagy. The probe exhibited both lipophilic and basic properties and displayed different emission colors in neutral and protonated forms; thus, LDs and lysosomes emitted blue and red fluorescence colors, respectively. Because of the lysosomal acidification during autophagy, CAQ2 detected autophagy with evidently enhanced red emission. Because of the lysosomal alkalization during apoptosis, CAQ2 imaged apoptosis with a drastically decreased red fluorescence intensity. With the robust probe, the autophagy under starvation and lipidless conditions was visualized, and the apoptosis induced by H2O2, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and rotenone treatment was successfully observed. The efficient detoxification of Na2S against rotenone treatment was successfully revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Wei Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Minggang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Jie Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
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16
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Alcober-Boquet L, Kraus N, Huber LS, Vutukuri R, Fuhrmann DC, Stross C, Schaefer L, Scholich K, Zeuzem S, Piiper A, Schulz MH, Trebicka J, Welsch C, Ortiz C. BI-3231, an enzymatic inhibitor of HSD17B13, reduces lipotoxic effects induced by palmitic acid in murine and human hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C880-C892. [PMID: 38223924 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00413.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), a lipid droplet-associated enzyme, is primarily expressed in the liver and plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Targeted inhibition of enzymatic function is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating steatotic liver disease (SLD). The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of the first selective HSD17B13 inhibitor, BI-3231, in a model of hepatocellular lipotoxicity using human cell lines and primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro. Lipotoxicity was induced with palmitic acid in HepG2 cells and freshly isolated mouse hepatocytes and the cells were coincubated with BI-3231 to assess the protective effects. Under lipotoxic stress, triglyceride (TG) accumulation was significantly decreased in the BI-3231-treated cells compared with that of the control untreated human and mouse hepatocytes. In addition, treatment with BI-3231 led to considerable improvement in hepatocyte proliferation, cell differentiation, and lipid homeostasis. Mechanistically, BI-3231 increased the mitochondrial respiratory function without affecting β-oxidation. BI-3231 inhibited the lipotoxic effects of palmitic acid in hepatocytes, highlighting the potential of targeting HSD17B13 as a specific therapeutic approach in steatotic liver disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY 17-β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) is a lipid droplet protein primarily expressed in the liver hepatocytes. HSD17B13 is associated with the clinical outcome of chronic liver diseases and is therefore a target for the development of drugs. Here, we demonstrate the promising therapeutic effect of BI-3231 as a potent inhibitor of HSD17B13 based on its ability to inhibit triglyceride accumulation in lipid droplets (LDs), restore lipid metabolism and homeostasis, and increase mitochondrial activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Alcober-Boquet
- Medical Clinic 1, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nico Kraus
- Medical Clinic 1, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Sophie Huber
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Vutukuri
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik C Fuhrmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Stross
- Medical Clinic 1, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Medical Clinic 1, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Albrecht Piiper
- Medical Clinic 1, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Welsch
- Medical Clinic 1, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cristina Ortiz
- Medical Clinic 1, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Li P, Mei C, Raza SHA, Cheng G, Ning Y, Zhang L, Zan L. Arginine (315) is required for the PLIN2-CGI-58 interface and plays a functional role in regulating nascent LDs formation in bovine adipocytes. Genomics 2024; 116:110817. [PMID: 38431031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Perilipin-2 (PLIN2) can anchor to lipid droplets (LDs) and play a crucial role in regulating nascent LDs formation. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and flow cytometry were examined to verify the PLIN2-CGI-58 interaction efficiency in bovine adipocytes. GST-Pulldown assay was used to detect the key site arginine315 function in PLIN2-CGI-58 interaction. Experiments were also examined to research these mutations function of PLIN2 in LDs formation during adipocytes differentiation, LDs were measured after staining by BODIPY, lipogenesis-related genes were also detected. Results showed that Leucine (L371A, L311A) and glycine (G369A, G376A) mutations reduced interaction efficiencies. Serine (S367A) mutations enhanced the interaction efficiency. Arginine (R315A) mutations resulted in loss of fluorescence in the cytoplasm and disrupted the interaction with CGI-58, as verified by pulldown assay. R315W mutations resulted in a significant increase in the number of LDs compared with wild-type (WT) PLIN2 or the R315A mutations. Lipogenesis-related genes were either up- or downregulated when mutated PLIN2 interacted with CGI-58. Arginine315 in PLIN2 is required for the PLIN2-CGI-58 interface and could regulate nascent LD formation and lipogenesis. This study is the first to study amino acids on the PLIN2 interface during interaction with CGI-58 in bovine and highlight the role played by PLIN2 in the regulation of bovine adipocyte lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Li
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chugang Mei
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Science &Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science &Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yue Ning
- College of Animal Science &Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science &Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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18
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Chen X, Zhao Z, Jiang X, Li J, Miao F, Yu H, Lin Z, Jiang P. The Complement Component 4 Binding Protein α Gene: A Versatile Immune Gene That Influences Lipid Metabolism in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2375. [PMID: 38397050 PMCID: PMC10889797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Complement component 4 binding protein α (C4BPA) is an immune gene which is responsible for the complement regulation function of C4BP by binding and inactivating the Complement component C4b (C4b) component of the classical Complement 3 (C3) invertase pathway. Our previous findings revealed that C4BPA was differentially expressed by comparing the transcriptome in high-fat and low-fat bovine mammary epithelial cell lines (BMECs) from Chinese Holstein dairy cows. In this study, a C4BPA gene knockout BMECs line model was constructed via using a CRISPR/Cas9 system to investigate the function of C4BPA in lipid metabolism. The results showed that levels of triglyceride (TG) were increased, while levels of cholesterol (CHOL) and free fatty acid (FFA) were decreased (p < 0.05) after knocking out C4BPA in BMECs. Additionally, most kinds of fatty acids were found to be mainly enriched in the pathway of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and regulation of lipolysis in adipocyte. Meanwhile, the RNA-seq showed that most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are related to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The expressions of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase 1 (HMGCS1), Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 (FADS1), and Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) significantly changed when the C4BPA gene was knocked out. Collectively, C4BPA gene, which is an immune gene, played an important role in lipid metabolism in BMECs. These findings provide a new avenue for animal breeders: this gene, with multiple functions, should be reasonably utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Fengshuai Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ziwei Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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19
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Kumar R, Islinger M, Worthy H, Carmichael R, Schrader M. The peroxisome: an update on mysteries 3.0. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:99-132. [PMID: 38244103 PMCID: PMC10822820 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are highly dynamic, oxidative organelles with key metabolic functions in cellular lipid metabolism, such as the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as the regulation of cellular redox balance. Loss of peroxisomal functions causes severe metabolic disorders in humans. Furthermore, peroxisomes also fulfil protective roles in pathogen and viral defence and immunity, highlighting their wider significance in human health and disease. This has sparked increasing interest in peroxisome biology and their physiological functions. This review presents an update and a continuation of three previous review articles addressing the unsolved mysteries of this remarkable organelle. We continue to highlight recent discoveries, advancements, and trends in peroxisome research, and address novel findings on the metabolic functions of peroxisomes, their biogenesis, protein import, membrane dynamics and division, as well as on peroxisome-organelle membrane contact sites and organelle cooperation. Furthermore, recent insights into peroxisome organisation through super-resolution microscopy are discussed. Finally, we address new roles for peroxisomes in immune and defence mechanisms and in human disorders, and for peroxisomal functions in different cell/tissue types, in particular their contribution to organ-specific pathologies.
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Grants
- BB/W015420/1, BB/V018167/1, BB/T002255/1, BB/R016844/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- BB/W015420/1, BB/V018167/1, BB/T002255/1, BB/R016844/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- BB/W015420/1, BB/V018167/1, BB/T002255/1, BB/R016844/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung
- German Research Foundation
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg
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Affiliation(s)
- Rechal Kumar
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Centre for Translational Neuroscience, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harley Worthy
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ruth Carmichael
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Michael Schrader
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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20
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Parra LG, Erjavec LC, Casali CI, Zerpa Velazquez A, Weber K, Setton-Avruj CP, Fernández Tome MDC. Cytosolic phospholipase A 2 regulates lipid homeostasis under osmotic stress through PPARγ. FEBS J 2024; 291:722-743. [PMID: 37947039 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically, renal medullary cells are surrounded by a hyperosmolar interstitium. However, different pathological situations can induce abrupt changes in environmental osmolality, causing cell stress. Therefore, renal cells must adapt to survive in this new condition. We previously demonstrated that, among the mechanisms involved in osmoprotection, renal cells upregulate triglyceride biosynthesis (which helps preserve glycerophospholipid synthesis and membrane homeostasis) and cyclooxygenase-2 (which generates prostaglandins from arachidonic acid) to maintain lipid metabolism in renal tissue. Herein, we evaluated whether hyperosmolality modulates phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) activity, leading to arachidonic acid release from membrane glycerophospholipid, and investigated its possible role in hyperosmolality-induced triglyceride synthesis and accumulation. We found that hyperosmolality induced PLA2 expression and activity in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) inhibition, but not secreted or calcium-independent PLA2 (sPLA2 or iPLA2 , respectively), prevented triglyceride synthesis and reduced cell survival. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin not only failed to prevent hyperosmolality-induced triglyceride synthesis but also exacerbated it. Similar results were observed with the peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone. Furthermore, hyperosmolality increased free intracellular arachidonic acid levels, which were even higher when prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited by indomethacin. Blocking PPARγ with GW-9662 prevented the effects of both indomethacin and rosiglitazone on triglyceride synthesis and even reduced hyperosmolality-induced triglyceride synthesis, suggesting that arachidonic acid may stimulate triglyceride synthesis through PPARγ activation. These results highlight the role of cPLA2 in osmoprotection, since it is essential to provide arachidonic acid, which is involved in PPARγ-regulated triglyceride synthesis, thus guaranteeing cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Gastón Parra
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Cecilia Erjavec
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Irene Casali
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Zerpa Velazquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen Weber
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Patricia Setton-Avruj
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departaemento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Fernández Tome
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Su B, Gao D, Xin N, Wu K, Yang M, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Ding J, Wu C, Sun J, Wei D, Fan H, Guo Z. Mild synthesis of ultra-bright carbon dots with solvatochromism for rapid lipid droplet monitoring in varied physiological processes. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbad109. [PMID: 38404618 PMCID: PMC10884737 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) participating in various cellular activities and are increasingly being emphasized. Fluorescence imaging provides powerful tool for dynamic tracking of LDs, however, most current LDs probes remain inconsistent performance such as low Photoluminescence Quantum Yield (PLQY), poor photostability and tedious washing procedures. Herein, a novel yellow-emissive carbon dot (OT-CD) has been synthesized conveniently with high PLQY up to 90%. Besides, OT-CD exhibits remarkable amphiphilicity and solvatochromic property with lipid-water partition coefficient higher than 2, which is much higher than most LDs probes. These characters enable OT-CD high brightness, stable and wash-free LDs probing, and feasible for in vivo imaging. Then, detailed observation of LDs morphological and polarity variation dynamically in different cellular states were recorded, including ferroptosis and other diseases processes. Furthermore, fast whole imaging of zebrafish and identified LD enrichment in injured liver indicate its further feasibility for in vivo application. In contrast to the reported studies to date, this approach provides a versatile conventional synthesis system for high-performance LDs targeting probes, combing the advantages of easy and high-yield production, as well as robust brightness and stability for long-term imaging, facilitating investigations into organelle interactions and LD-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Dong Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Nini Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Kai Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Mei Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Shichao Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jie Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
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22
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Speer NO, Braun RJ, Reynolds EG, Brudnicka A, Swanson JM, Henne WM. Tld1 is a regulator of triglyceride lipolysis that demarcates a lipid droplet subpopulation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202303026. [PMID: 37889293 PMCID: PMC10609110 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells store lipids in the form of triglyceride (TG) and sterol ester (SE) in lipid droplets (LDs). Distinct pools of LDs exist, but a pervasive question is how proteins localize to and convey functions to LD subsets. Here, we show that the yeast protein YDR275W/Tld1 (for TG-associated LD protein 1) localizes to a subset of TG-containing LDs and reveal it negatively regulates lipolysis. Mechanistically, Tld1 LD targeting requires TG, and it is mediated by two distinct hydrophobic regions (HRs). Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that Tld1's HRs interact with TG on LDs and adopt specific conformations on TG-rich LDs versus SE-rich LDs in yeast and human cells. Tld1-deficient yeast display no defect in LD biogenesis but exhibit elevated TG lipolysis dependent on lipase Tgl3. Remarkably, overexpression of Tld1, but not LD protein Pln1/Pet10, promotes TG accumulation without altering SE pools. Finally, we find that Tld1-deficient cells display altered LD mobilization during extended yeast starvation. We propose that Tld1 senses TG-rich LDs and regulates lipolysis on LD subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ortiz Speer
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R. Jay Braun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emma Grace Reynolds
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alicja Brudnicka
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - W. Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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23
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Kim B, Zhao W, Tang SY, Levin MG, Ibrahim A, Yang Y, Roberts E, Lai L, Li J, Assoian RK, FitzGerald GA, Arany Z. Endothelial lipid droplets suppress eNOS to link high fat consumption to blood pressure elevation. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e173160. [PMID: 37824206 PMCID: PMC10721151 DOI: 10.1172/jci173160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, today affecting more than 20% of the US population, is a group of 5 conditions that often coexist and that strongly predispose to cardiovascular disease. How these conditions are linked mechanistically remains unclear, especially two of these: obesity and elevated blood pressure. Here, we show that high fat consumption in mice leads to the accumulation of lipid droplets in endothelial cells throughout the organism and that lipid droplet accumulation in endothelium suppresses endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), reduces NO production, elevates blood pressure, and accelerates atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, the accumulation of lipid droplets destabilizes eNOS mRNA and activates an endothelial inflammatory signaling cascade that suppresses eNOS and NO production. Pharmacological prevention of lipid droplet formation reverses the suppression of NO production in cell culture and in vivo and blunts blood pressure elevation in response to a high-fat diet. These results highlight lipid droplets as a critical and unappreciated component of endothelial cell biology, explain how lipids increase blood pressure acutely, and provide a mechanistic account for the epidemiological link between obesity and elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boa Kim
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, and Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Wencao Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Soon Y. Tang
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Michael G. Levin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Ayon Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Emilia Roberts
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ling Lai
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Richard K. Assoian
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine
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24
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Krohn J, Domart F, Do TT, Dresbach T. The synaptic vesicle protein Mover/TPRG1L is associated with lipid droplets in astrocytes. Glia 2023; 71:2799-2814. [PMID: 37539560 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Crucial brain functions such as neurotransmission, myelination, and signaling pose a high demand for lipids. Lipid dysregulation is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Astrocytes protect neurons from lipid induced damage by accumulating and metabolizing toxic lipids in organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). LDs have long been considered as lipid storage compartments in adipocytes, but less is known about their biogenesis and composition in the brain. In particular, proteins covering the LD surface are not yet fully identified. Here, we report that the presynaptic protein Mover/TPRG1L, which regulates the probability of neurotransmitter release in neurons, is a component of the LD coat in astrocytes. Using conventional and super-resolution microscopy, we demonstrate that Mover surrounds naive and oleic acid induced astrocytic LDs. We confirm the identity of astrocytic LDs using the neutral lipid stains Bodipy and LipidTox, as well as immunofluorescence for perilipin-2, a known component of the LD coat. In astrocytes, recombinant Mover was sufficient to induce an accumulation of LDs. Furthermore, we identified point mutations that abolish targeting to LDs and show similarities in the required binding sequences for association to the presynapse and LDs. Our results show that Mover is not only a presynaptic protein but also a candidate for LD regulation. This highlights the dual role of Mover in synaptic transmission and regulation of astrocytic LDs, which may be particularly important in the context of lipid-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Krohn
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florelle Domart
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thanh Thao Do
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresbach
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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25
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Mari M, Voutyraki C, Zacharioudaki E, Delidakis C, Filippidis G. Lipid content evaluation of Drosophila tumour associated haemocytes through Third Harmonic Generation measurements. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300171. [PMID: 37643223 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Non-linear microscopy is a powerful imaging tool to examine structural properties and subcellular processes of various biological samples. The competence of Third Harmonic Generation (THG) includes the label free imaging with diffraction-limited resolution and three-dimensional visualization with negligible phototoxicity effects. In this study, THG records and quantifies the lipid content of Drosophila haemocytes, upon encountering normal or tumorigenic neural cells, in correlation with their shape or their state. We show that the lipid accumulations of adult haemocytes are similar before and after encountering normal cells. In contrast, adult haemocytes prior to their interaction with cancer cells have a low lipid index, which increases while they are actively engaged in phagocytosis only to decrease again when haemocytes become exhausted. This dynamic change in the lipid accrual of haemocytes upon encountering tumour cells could potentially be a useful tool to assess the phagocytic capacity or activation state of tumour-associated haemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meropi Mari
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Voutyraki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eva Zacharioudaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Delidakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Filippidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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26
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Cesar-Silva D, Pereira-Dutra FS, Giannini ALM, Maya-Monteiro CM, de Almeida CJG. Lipid compartments and lipid metabolism as therapeutic targets against coronavirus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1268854. [PMID: 38106410 PMCID: PMC10722172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids perform a series of cellular functions, establishing cell and organelles' boundaries, organizing signaling platforms, and creating compartments where specific reactions occur. Moreover, lipids store energy and act as secondary messengers whose distribution is tightly regulated. Disruption of lipid metabolism is associated with many diseases, including those caused by viruses. In this scenario, lipids can favor virus replication and are not solely used as pathogens' energy source. In contrast, cells can counteract viruses using lipids as weapons. In this review, we discuss the available data on how coronaviruses profit from cellular lipid compartments and why targeting lipid metabolism may be a powerful strategy to fight these cellular parasites. We also provide a formidable collection of data on the pharmacological approaches targeting lipid metabolism to impair and treat coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Cesar-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe S. Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Moraes Giannini
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Signal Transduction, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa M. Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cecília Jacques G. de Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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27
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Al Mamun MA, Reza MA, Islam MS. Identification of novel proteins regulating lipid droplet biogenesis in filamentous fungi. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:702-722. [PMID: 37748926 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are storage organelles for neutral lipids which are critical for lipid homeostasis. Current knowledge of fungal LD biogenesis is largely limited to budding yeast, while LD regulation in multinucleated filamentous fungi which exhibit considerable metabolic activity remains unexplored. In this study, 19 LD-associated proteins were identified in the multinucleated species Aspergillus oryzae using a colocalization screening of a previously established enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion library. Functional screening identified 12 lipid droplet-regulating (LDR) proteins whose loss of function resulted in irregular LD biogenesis, particularly in terms of LD number and size. Bioinformatics analysis, targeted mutagenesis, and microscopy revealed four LDR proteins that localize to LD via the putative amphipathic helices (AHs). Further analysis revealed that LdrA with an Opi1 domain is essential for cytoplasmic and nuclear LD biogenesis involving a novel AH. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the patterns of gene evolution were predominantly based on gene duplication. Our study identified a set of novel proteins involved in the regulation of LD biogenesis, providing unique molecular and evolutionary insights into fungal lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdulla Al Mamun
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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28
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Yang T, Qiao S, Zhu X. High-dose radiation-resistant lung cancer cells stored many functional lipid drops through JAK2/p-STAT3/FASN pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14169-14183. [PMID: 37553421 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of radiation resistance is still unclear. This study aims to explore the new mechanism of radiation resistance in lung cancer from the perspective of lipid metabolism. METHODS Oil red O was used to detect the amount of lipid droplets in high-dose radiation-resistant lung cancer cells (HDRR-LCCs) and the primary lung cancer cells. Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein expression levels of key molecules related to de novo fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid transport. Orlistat was used to inhibit the de novo fatty acid synthesis. The prediction of the transcriptional regulators of fatty acid synthetase (FASN) was analyzed by bioinformatics. AZD-1480 was used to inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to observe its effects on FASN and intracellular lipid droplets. The regulation of the transcription factor p-STAT3 on the FASN gene was verified by Chip-qPCR. Finally, we used the public data of lung cancer patients to analyze the correlation between FASN and LPL gene expression with the prognosis. RESULTS There were more lipid drops in the HDRR-LCCs than in the primary lung cancer cells. HDRR-LCCs preferred de novo synthesis of fatty acids, and high expression of LPL homodimers indicated a high intake of extracellular fatty acids. The expression of FASN was increased in HDRR-LCCs compared with the primary lung cancer cells in a radiation-dose-dependent way, while LPL homodimers did not show such a trend. The lipid droplets, cell proliferation, and radiation resistance were decreased in HDRR-LCCs after orlistat treatment. Lipid droplets were significantly reduced, and the protein expression of FASN also decreased when using AZD-1480 to inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. The Chip-qPCR showed that p-STAT3 was the upstream regulator which binds to the promoter region of FASN. Survival analysis showed that high expression of the FASN gene was associated with a poor prognosis in lung cancer patients who received radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Our studies discovered that lipids deposited in HDRR-LCCs were due to endogenous de novo fatty acids synthesis and exogenous lipids uptake. JAK2/p-TAT3/FASN could be used as promising targets for radiotherapy sensitization. Our study provided a new theoretical basis for studying the mechanism of radiation resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Simiao Qiao
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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29
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Kilwein MD, Johnson MR, Thomalla JM, Mahowald AP, Welte MA. Drosophila embryos spatially sort their nutrient stores to facilitate their utilization. Development 2023; 150:dev201423. [PMID: 36805634 PMCID: PMC10108605 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Animal embryos are provided by their mothers with a diverse nutrient supply that is crucial for development. In Drosophila, the three most abundant nutrients (triglycerides, proteins and glycogen) are sequestered in distinct storage structures: lipid droplets (LDs), yolk vesicles (YVs) and glycogen granules (GGs). Using transmission electron microscopy as well as live and fixed sample fluorescence imaging, we find that all three storage structures are dispersed throughout the egg but are then spatially allocated to distinct tissues by gastrulation: LDs largely to the peripheral epithelium, YVs and GGs to the central yolk cell. To confound the embryo's ability to sort its nutrients, we employ Jabba and mauve mutants to generate LD-GG and LD-YV compound structures. In these mutants, LDs are mis-sorted to the yolk cell and their turnover is delayed. Our observations demonstrate dramatic spatial nutrient sorting in early embryos and provide the first evidence for its functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D. Kilwein
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Matthew R. Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | | | | | - Michael A. Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
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30
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Brankiewicz W, Kalathiya U, Padariya M, Węgrzyn K, Prusinowski M, Zebrowska J, Zylicz-Stachula A, Skowron P, Drab M, Szajewski M, Ciesielski M, Gawrońska M, Kallingal A, Makowski M, Bagiński M. Modified Peptide Molecules As Potential Modulators of Shelterin Protein Functions; TRF1. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300970. [PMID: 37332024 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present studies on relatively new and still not well-explored potential anticancer targets which are shelterin proteins, in particular the TRF1 protein can be blocked by in silico designed "peptidomimetic" molecules. TRF1 interacts directly with the TIN2 protein, and this protein-protein interaction is crucial for the proper functioning of telomere, which could be blocked by our novel modified peptide molecules. Our chemotherapeutic approach is based on assumption that modulation of TRF1-TIN2 interaction may be more harmful for cancer cells as cancer telomeres are more fragile than in normal cells. We have shown in vitro within SPR experiments that our modified peptide PEP1 molecule interacts with TRF1, presumably at the site originally occupied by the TIN2 protein. Disturbance of the shelterin complex by studied molecule may not in short term lead to cytotoxic effects, however blocking TRF1-TIN2 resulted in cellular senescence in cellular breast cancer lines used as a cancer model. Thus, our compounds appeared useful as starting model compounds for precise blockage of TRF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Brankiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Umesh Kalathiya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monikaben Padariya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, ul. Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Węgrzyn
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Prusinowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Zebrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Skowron
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Drab
- Unit of Nanostructural Bio-Interactions, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla-Street, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szajewski
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Gdynia Oncology Centre, Gdynia, Poland
- Division of Propaedeutics of Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Ciesielski
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Gdynia Oncology Centre, Gdynia, Poland
- Division of Propaedeutics of Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gawrońska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anoop Kallingal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Bagiński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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31
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Zhang H, Fang J, Dai Y, Pan Y, Chu K, Smith ZJ. Rapid Intracellular Detection and Analysis of Lipid Droplets' Morpho-Chemical Composition by Phase-Guided Raman Sampling. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13555-13565. [PMID: 37650651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic, complex organelles involved in nearly all aspects of cellular metabolism. In situ characterization methods are primarily limited to fluorescence imaging, which yields limited chemical information, or Raman spectroscopy, which provides excellent chemical profiling but very low throughput. Here, we propose a new paradigm where locations of both large and small droplets are obtained automatically from high-resolution phase images and fed into a galvomirror-controlled Raman sampling arm to obtain the full spectrum of each LD efficiently. Using this phase-guided Raman sampling, we can characterize hundreds of LDs within a single cell in minutes and easily acquire more than 40,000 high-quality spectra. The data set revealed strong, cell line-dependent, cell-dependent, and individual droplet-dependent composition changes to various culture conditions. In particular, we revealed a strong competitive relationship between mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, where supplementation with one led to a relative decrease in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jingde Fang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yichuan Dai
- Department of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330027, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Speer NO, Braun RJ, Reynolds E, Brudnicka A, Swanson J, Henne WM. Tld1 is a novel regulator of triglyceride lipolysis that demarcates a lipid droplet subpopulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531595. [PMID: 36945645 PMCID: PMC10028886 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cells store lipids in the form of triglyceride (TG) and sterol-ester (SE) in lipid droplets (LDs). Distinct pools of LDs exist, but a pervasive question is how proteins localize to and convey functions to LD subsets. Here, we show the yeast protein YDR275W/Tld1 (for TG-associated LD protein 1) localizes to a subset of TG-containing LDs, and reveal it negatively regulates lipolysis. Mechanistically, Tld1 LD targeting requires TG, and is mediated by two distinct hydrophobic regions (HRs). Molecular dynamics simulations reveal Tld1 HRs interact with TG on LDs and adopt specific conformations on TG-rich LDs versus SE-rich LDs in yeast and human cells. Tld1-deficient yeast display no defect in LD biogenesis, but exhibit elevated TG lipolysis dependent on lipase Tgl3. Remarkably, over-expression of Tld1, but not LD protein Pln1/Pet10, promotes TG accumulation without altering SE pools. Finally, we find Tld1-deficient cells display altered LD mobilization during extended yeast starvation. We propose Tld1 senses TG-rich LDs and regulates lipolysis on LD subpopulations.
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Cheng JH, Wu HC, Yen CH, Hwang TL, Ko HH, Chang HS. Chemical Constituents with Anti-Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Anti-Inflammatory Activity from Elaeagnus glabra. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2943. [PMID: 37631155 PMCID: PMC10458971 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a type of steatosis caused by excess lipids accumulating in the liver. The prevalence of NAFLD has increased annually due to modern lifestyles and a lack of adequate medical treatment. Thus, we were motivated to investigate the bioactive components of Formosan plants that could attenuate lipid droplet (LD) accumulation. In a series of screenings of 3000 methanolic extracts from the Formosan plant extract bank for anti-LD accumulation activity, the methanolic extract of aerial parts of Elaeagnus glabra Thunb. showed excellent anti-LD accumulation activity. E. glabra is an evergreen shrub on which only a few phytochemical and biological studies have been conducted. Here, one new flavonoid (1), two new triterpenoids (2 and 3), and 35 known compounds (4-38) were isolated from the ethyl acetate layer of aerial parts of E. glabra via a bioassay-guided fractionation process. Their structures were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and MS data. Among the isolated compounds, methyl pheophorbide a (37) efficiently reduced the normalized LD content to 0.3% with a concentration of 20 μM in AML12 cell lines without significant cytotoxic effects. 3-O-(E)-Caffeoyloleanolic acid (13) and methyl pheophorbide a (37) showed inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation or elastase release in fMLP/CB-treated human neutrophils (IC50 < 3.0 μM); they displayed effects similar to those of the positive control, namely, LY294002. These findings indicate that E. glabra can be used for developing a new botanical drug for managing LD accumulation and against inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hsin Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (H.-C.W.); (H.-H.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (H.-C.W.); (H.-H.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (H.-C.W.); (H.-H.K.)
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (H.-C.W.); (H.-H.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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34
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Hüsler D, Stauffer P, Hilbi H. Tapping lipid droplets: A rich fat diet of intracellular bacterial pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:194-209. [PMID: 37429596 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and versatile organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. LDs consist of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, a phospholipid monolayer coat, and a variety of associated proteins. LDs are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum and have diverse roles in lipid storage, energy metabolism, membrane trafficking, and cellular signaling. In addition to their physiological cellular functions, LDs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and infections. A number of intracellular bacterial pathogens modulate and/or interact with LDs during host cell infection. Members of the genera Mycobacterium, Legionella, Coxiella, Chlamydia, and Salmonella exploit LDs as a source of intracellular nutrients and membrane components to establish their distinct intracellular replicative niches. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis, interactions, and functions of LDs, as well as on their role in lipid metabolism of intracellular bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Hüsler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pia Stauffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Kilwein MD, Dao TK, Welte MA. Drosophila embryos allocate lipid droplets to specific lineages to ensure punctual development and redox homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010875. [PMID: 37578970 PMCID: PMC10449164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that facilitate neutral lipid storage in cells, including energy-dense triglycerides. They are found in all investigated metazoan embryos where they are thought to provide energy for development. Intriguingly, early embryos of diverse metazoan species asymmetrically allocate LDs amongst cellular lineages, a process which can involve massive intracellular redistribution of LDs. However, the biological reason for asymmetric lineage allocation is unknown. To address this issue, we utilize the Drosophila embryo where the cytoskeletal mechanisms that drive allocation are well characterized. We disrupt allocation by two different means: Loss of the LD protein Jabba results in LDs adhering inappropriately to glycogen granules; loss of Klar alters the activities of the microtubule motors that move LDs. Both mutants cause the same dramatic change in LD tissue inheritance, shifting allocation of the majority of LDs to the yolk cell instead of the incipient epithelium. Embryos with such mislocalized LDs do not fully consume their LDs and are delayed in hatching. Through use of a dPLIN2 mutant, which appropriately localizes a smaller pool of LDs, we find that failed LD transport and a smaller LD pool affect embryogenesis in a similar manner. Embryos of all three mutants display overlapping changes in their transcriptome and proteome, suggesting that lipid deprivation results in a shared embryonic response and a widespread change in metabolism. Excitingly, we find abundant changes related to redox homeostasis, with many proteins related to glutathione metabolism upregulated. LD deprived embryos have an increase in peroxidized lipids and rely on increased utilization of glutathione-related proteins for survival. Thus, embryos are apparently able to mount a beneficial response upon lipid stress, rewiring their metabolism to survive. In summary, we demonstrate that early embryos allocate LDs into specific lineages for subsequent optimal utilization, thus protecting against oxidative stress and ensuring punctual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D. Kilwein
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - T. Kim Dao
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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36
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Herrera-Moro Huitron L, De Jesús-González LA, Martínez-Castillo M, Ulloa-Aguilar JM, Cabello-Gutierrez C, Helguera-Repetto C, Garcia-Cordero J, León Juárez M. Multifaceted Nature of Lipid Droplets in Viral Interactions and Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1851. [PMID: 37513023 PMCID: PMC10386712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Once regarded as inert organelles with limited and ill-defined roles, lipid droplets (LDs) have emerged as dynamic entities with multifaceted functions within the cell. Recent research has illuminated their pivotal role as primary energy reservoirs in the form of lipids, capable of being metabolized to meet cellular energy demands. Their high dynamism is underscored by their ability to interact with numerous cellular organelles, notably the endoplasmic reticulum (the site of LD genesis) and mitochondria, which utilize small LDs for energy production. Beyond their contribution to cellular bioenergetics, LDs have been associated with viral infections. Evidence suggests that viruses can co-opt LDs to facilitate their infection cycle. Furthermore, recent discoveries highlight the role of LDs in modulating the host's immune response. Observations of altered LD levels during viral infections suggest their involvement in disease pathophysiology, potentially through production of proinflammatory mediators using LD lipids as precursors. This review explores these intriguing aspects of LDs, shedding light on their multifaceted nature and implications in viral interactions and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Herrera-Moro Huitron
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | | | - Macario Martínez-Castillo
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Ulloa-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cabello-Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Departamento de Investigación en Virología y Micología, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Julio Garcia-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. IPN# 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Moisés León Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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37
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Gandhi SA, Parveen S, Alduhailan M, Tripathi R, Junedi N, Saqallah M, Sanders MA, Hoffmann PM, Truex K, Granneman JG, Kelly CV. Methods for making and observing model lipid droplets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.17.549385. [PMID: 37503132 PMCID: PMC10370146 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the lipid droplet (LD) membrane is remodeled in concert with the activation of lipolysis incorporate a complex interplay of proteins, phospholipids, and neutral lipids. Model LDs (mLDs) provide an isolated, purified system for testing the mechanisms by which the droplet composition, size, shape, and tension affects triglyceride metabolism. Described here are methods of making and testing mLDs ranging from 0.1 to 40 μm diameter with known composition. Methods are described for imaging mLDs with high-resolution microscopy during buffer exchanges for the measurement of membrane binding, diffusion, and tension via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), pendant droplet tensiometry, and imaging flow cytometry. These complementary, cross-validating methods of measuring LD membrane behavior reveal the interplay of biophysical processes in triglyceride metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali A. Gandhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Shahnaz Parveen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Munirah Alduhailan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Ramesh Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Nasser Junedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Mohammad Saqallah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Matthew A. Sanders
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 40201
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA 48201
| | - Peter M. Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
- Physical Sciences Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA 32114
| | - Katherine Truex
- Department of Physics, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA 21402
| | - James G. Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 40201
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA 48201
| | - Christopher V Kelly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA 48201
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38
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Qu Y, Wang W, Xiao MZX, Zheng Y, Liang Q. The interplay between lipid droplets and virus infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28967. [PMID: 37496184 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As an intracellular parasite, the virus usurps cellular machinery and modulates cellular metabolism pathways to replicate itself in cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) are universally conserved energy storage organelles that not only play vital roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis but are also involved in viral replication. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that viruses take advantage of cellular lipid metabolism by targeting the biogenesis, hydrolysis, and lipophagy of LD during viral infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the modulation of cellular LD by different viruses, with a special emphasis on the Hepatitis C virus, Dengue virus, and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Qu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maggie Z X Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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39
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Martinello C, Panza E, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegias proteome: common pathways and pathogenetic mechanisms. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:171-188. [PMID: 37788157 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2260952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. These conditions are caused by lesions in the neuronal pyramidal tract and exhibit clinical and genetic variability. Ongoing research focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of HSP onset, which ultimately lead to neuronal degeneration. Key molecular mechanisms involved include axonal transport, cytoskeleton dynamics, myelination abnormalities, membrane trafficking, organelle morphogenesis, ER homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy deregulation. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide an overview of the shared pathogenetic mechanisms in various forms of HSPs. By examining disease-causing gene products and their associated functional pathways, this understanding could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the development of treatments to modify the progression of the disease. EXPERT OPINION Investigating gene functionality is crucial for identifying shared pathogenetic pathways underlying different HSP subtypes. Categorizing protein function and identifying pathways aids in finding biomarkers, predicting early onset, and guiding treatment for a better quality of life. Targeting shared mechanisms enables efficient and cost-effective therapies. Prospects involve identifying new disease-causing genes, refining molecular processes, and implementing findings in diagnosis, key for advancing HSP understanding and developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Martinello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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40
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Hammoudeh N, Soukkarieh C, Murphy DJ, Hanano A. Mammalian lipid droplets: structural, pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological roles. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101233. [PMID: 37156444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized cytosolic organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a membrane made up of a phospholipid monolayer and a specific population of proteins that varies according to the location and function of each LD. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of LD biogenesis and functions. LDs are now recognized as dynamic organelles that participate in many aspects of cellular homeostasis plus other vital functions. LD biogenesis is a complex, highly-regulated process with assembly occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum although aspects of the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain elusive. For example, it is unclear how many enzymes participate in the biosynthesis of the neutral lipid components of LDs and how this process is coordinated in response to different metabolic cues to promote or suppress LD formation and turnover. In addition to enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of neutral lipids, various scaffolding proteins play roles in coordinating LD formation. Despite their lack of ultrastructural diversity, LDs in different mammalian cell types are involved in a wide range of biological functions. These include roles in membrane homeostasis, regulation of hypoxia, neoplastic inflammatory responses, cellular oxidative status, lipid peroxidation, and protection against potentially toxic intracellular fatty acids and lipophilic xenobiotics. Herein, the roles of mammalian LDs and their associated proteins are reviewed with a particular focus on their roles in pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hammoudeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, Wales, United Kingdom..
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria..
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Gerstner JR, Flores CC, Lefton M, Rogers B, Davis CJ. FABP7: a glial integrator of sleep, circadian rhythms, plasticity, and metabolic function. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1212213. [PMID: 37404868 PMCID: PMC10315501 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1212213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms are observed broadly throughout animal phyla and influence neural plasticity and cognitive function. However, the few phylogenetically conserved cellular and molecular pathways that are implicated in these processes are largely focused on neuronal cells. Research on these topics has traditionally segregated sleep homeostatic behavior from circadian rest-activity rhythms. Here we posit an alternative perspective, whereby mechanisms underlying the integration of sleep and circadian rhythms that affect behavioral state, plasticity, and cognition reside within glial cells. The brain-type fatty acid binding protein, FABP7, is part of a larger family of lipid chaperone proteins that regulate the subcellular trafficking of fatty acids for a wide range of cellular functions, including gene expression, growth, survival, inflammation, and metabolism. FABP7 is enriched in glial cells of the central nervous system and has been shown to be a clock-controlled gene implicated in sleep/wake regulation and cognitive processing. FABP7 is known to affect gene transcription, cellular outgrowth, and its subcellular localization in the fine perisynaptic astrocytic processes (PAPs) varies based on time-of-day. Future studies determining the effects of FABP7 on behavioral state- and circadian-dependent plasticity and cognitive processes, in addition to functional consequences on cellular and molecular mechanisms related to neural-glial interactions, lipid storage, and blood brain barrier integrity will be important for our knowledge of basic sleep function. Given the comorbidity of sleep disturbance with neurological disorders, these studies will also be important for our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of how these diseases affect or are affected by sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Gerstner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Carlos C. Flores
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Micah Lefton
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Brooke Rogers
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Davis
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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42
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Dai X, Wang B, Tian M, Wang J, Dong B, Kong X. Development of a high polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe for visualizing the lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum with dual colors in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 301:122973. [PMID: 37301028 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are unique organelles that control the lipid metabolism in cells. It has been identified that the generations of LDs derive from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and they have closely related with amount of cellular activities for maintaining homeostasis. To further explore the detail interactions between LDs and ER, we have developed a novel polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe LP with distinct D-π-A-π-D framework and applied it to imaging LDs and ER with dual colors at the same time. Probe LP showed well red-shifted emissions with the increase fraction of water in the 1,4- dioxane due to ICT process. In biological imaging, probe LP could visualize LDs and ER with green and red fluorescence separately. Besides, the dynamic behaviors of LDs and ER were achieved using LP during the oleic acids and starvation stimulations. Therefore, probe LP is a valuable molecular tool for investigating the relationships of LDs and ER in various cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Bingxin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Minggang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Baoli Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
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43
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Krämer-Albers EM, Werner HB. Mechanisms of axonal support by oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41583-023-00711-y. [PMID: 37258632 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as versatile elements of cell communication in the nervous system, mediating tissue homeostasis. EVs influence the physiology of their target cells via horizontal transfer of molecular cargo between cells and by triggering signalling pathways. In this Review, we discuss recent work revealing that EVs mediate interactions between oligodendrocytes and neurons, which are relevant for maintaining the structural integrity of axons. In response to neuronal activity, myelinating oligodendrocytes release EVs, which are internalized by neurons and provide axons with key factors that improve axonal transport, stress resistance and energy homeostasis. Glia-to-neuron transfer of EVs is thus a crucial facet of axonal preservation. When glial support is impaired, axonal integrity is progressively lost, as observed in myelin-related disorders, other neurodegenerative diseases and with normal ageing. We highlight the mechanisms that oligodendroglial EVs use to sustain axonal integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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Ng YS, Cheng CS, Ando M, Tseng YT, He ST, Li CY, Cheng SW, Chen YM, Kumar R, Liu CH, Takeyama H, Hirono I, Wang HC. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) modulates lipid metabolism in white shrimp. Commun Biol 2023; 6:546. [PMID: 37210461 PMCID: PMC10199447 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the Warburg effect, which increases the availability of energy and biosynthetic building blocks in WSSV-infected shrimp, WSSV also induces both lipolysis at the viral genome replication stage (12 hpi) to provide material and energy for the virus replication, and lipogenesis at the viral late stage (24 hpi) to complete virus morphogenesis by supplying particular species of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). Here, we further show that WSSV causes a reduction in lipid droplets (LDs) in hemocytes at the viral genome replication stage, and an increase in LDs in the nuclei of WSSV-infected hemocytes at the viral late stage. In the hepatopancreas, lipolysis is triggered by WSSV infection, and this leads to fatty acids being released into the hemolymph. β-oxidation inhibition experiment reveals that the fatty acids generated by WSSV-induced lipolysis can be diverted into β-oxidation for energy production. At the viral late stage, WSSV infection leads to lipogenesis in both the stomach and hepatopancreas, suggesting that fatty acids are in high demand at this stage for virion morphogenesis. Our results demonstrate that WSSV modulates lipid metabolism specifically at different stages to facilitate its replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Siong Ng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shun Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Masahiro Ando
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovations, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi-Ting Tseng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting He
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Li
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovations, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Imai N, Ohsaki Y, Cheng J, Zhang J, Mizuno F, Tanaka T, Yokoyama S, Yamamoto K, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Honda T, Ishigami M, Wake H, Kawashima H. Distinct features of two lipid droplets types in cell nuclei from patients with liver diseases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6851. [PMID: 37100813 PMCID: PMC10133345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) have been observed in the nuclei of hepatocytes; however, their significance in liver disease remains unresolved. Our purpose was to explore the pathophysiological features of intranuclear LDs in liver diseases. We included 80 patients who underwent liver biopsies; the specimens were dissected and fixed for electron microscopy analysis. Depending on the presence of adjacent cytoplasmic invagination of the nuclear membrane, LDs in the nuclei were classified into two types: nucleoplasmic LDs (nLDs) and cytoplasmic LD invagination with nucleoplasmic reticulum (cLDs in NR). nLDs were found in 69% liver samples and cLDs in NR were found in 32%; no correlation was observed between the frequencies of the two LD types. nLDs were frequently found in hepatocytes of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, whereas cLDs in NR were absent from the livers of such patients. Further, cLDs in NR were often found in hepatocytes of patients with lower plasma cholesterol level. This indicates that nLDs do not directly reflect cytoplasmic lipid accumulation and that formation of cLDs in NR is inversely correlated to the secretion of very low-density lipoproteins. Positive correlations were found between the frequencies of nLDs and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal expansion, suggesting that nLDs are formed in the nucleus upon ER stress. This study unveiled the presence of two distinct nuclear LDs in various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ohsaki
- Department of Anatomy (I), Sapporo Medical University, S1W17 Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Jinglei Cheng
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Taku Tanaka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinya Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoji Ishizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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46
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Castillo V, Díaz-Astudillo P, Corrales-Orovio R, San Martín S, Egaña JT. Comprehensive Characterization of Tissues Derived from Animals at Different Regenerative Stages: A Comparative Analysis between Fetal and Adult Mouse Skin. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091215. [PMID: 37174615 PMCID: PMC10177150 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration capabilities vary significantly throughout an organism's lifespan. For example, mammals can fully regenerate until they reach specific developmental stages, after which they can only repair the tissue without restoring its original architecture and function. The high regenerative potential of fetal stages has been attributed to various factors, such as stem cells, the immune system, specific growth factors, and the presence of extracellular matrix molecules upon damage. To better understand the local differences between regenerative and reparative tissues, we conducted a comparative analysis of skin derived from mice at regenerative and reparative stages. Our findings show that both types of skin differ in their molecular composition, structure, and functionality. We observed a significant increase in cellular density, nucleic acid content, neutral lipid density, Collagen III, and glycosaminoglycans in regenerative skin compared with reparative skin. Additionally, regenerative skin had significantly higher porosity, metabolic activity, water absorption capacity, and elasticity than reparative skin. Finally, our results also revealed significant differences in lipid distribution, extracellular matrix pore size, and proteoglycans between the two groups. This study provides comprehensive data on the molecular and structural clues that enable full tissue regeneration in fetal stages, which could aid in developing new biomaterials and strategies for tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Castillo
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biological Sciences, and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Pamela Díaz-Astudillo
- Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2540064, Chile
| | - Rocío Corrales-Orovio
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biological Sciences, and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2540064, Chile
| | - José Tomás Egaña
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biological Sciences, and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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47
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Jia H, Yue S. Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging Sheds New Light on Lipid Droplet Biology. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2381-2394. [PMID: 36897936 PMCID: PMC10042165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
A lipid droplet (LD) is a dynamic organelle closely associated with cellular functions and energy homeostasis. Dysregulated LD biology underlies an increasing number of human diseases, including metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorder. Commonly used lipid staining and analytical tools have difficulty providing the information regarding LD distribution and composition at the same time. To address this problem, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy uses the intrinsic chemical contrast of biomolecules to achieve both direct visualization of LD dynamics and quantitative analysis of LD composition with high molecular selectivity at the subcellular level. Recent developments of Raman tags have further enhanced sensitivity and specificity of SRS imaging without perturbing molecular activity. With these advantages, SRS microscopy has offered great promise for deciphering LD metabolism in single live cells. This article overviews and discusses the latest applications of SRS microscopy as an emerging platform to dissect LD biology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and
Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Institute
of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuhua Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and
Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Institute
of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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48
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Jung J, Park J, Kim M, Ha J, Cho H, Park SB. SB2301-mediated perturbation of membrane composition in lipid droplets induces lipophagy and lipid droplets ubiquitination. Commun Biol 2023; 6:300. [PMID: 36944894 PMCID: PMC10030462 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are involved in various biological events in cells along with their primary role as a storage center for neutral lipids. Excessive accumulation of LDs is highly correlated with various diseases, including metabolic diseases. Therefore, a basic understanding of the molecular mechanism of LD degradation would be beneficial in both academic and industrial research. Lipophagy, a selective autophagy mechanism/LD degradation process, has gained increased attention in the research community. Herein, we sought to elucidate a novel lipophagy mechanism by utilizing the LD-degrading small molecule, SB2301, which activates ubiquitin-mediated lipophagy. Using a label-free target identification method, we revealed that ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2 (PCYT2) is a potential target protein of SB2301. We also demonstrated that although SB2301 does not modulate PCYT2 function, it induces the cellular translocation of PCYT2 to the LD surface and spatially increases the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)/phosphatidylcholine (PC) ratio of the LD membrane, causing LD coalescence, leading to the activation of lipophagy process to maintain energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjoo Jung
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jongbeom Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mingi Kim
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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49
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A Turn-On Lipid Droplet-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift for Detection of Intracellular Carboxylesterases and Cell Viability Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052317. [PMID: 36903562 PMCID: PMC10005208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CEs) play important physiological roles in the human body and are involved in numerous cellular processes. Monitoring CEs activity has great potential for the rapid diagnosis of malignant tumors and multiple diseases. Herein, we developed a new phenazine-based "turn-on" fluorescent probe DBPpys by introducing 4-bromomethyl-phenyl acetate to DBPpy, which can selectively detect CEs with a low detection limit (9.38 × 10-5 U/mL) and a large Stokes shift (more than 250 nm) in vitro. In addition, DBPpys can also be converted into DBPpy by carboxylesterase in HeLa cells and localized in lipid droplets (LDs), emitting bright near-infrared fluorescence under the irradiation of white light. Moreover, we achieved the detection of cell health status by measuring the intensity of NIR fluorescence after co-incubation of DBPpys with H2O2-pretreated HeLa cells, indicating that DBPpys has great potential applications for assessing CEs activity and cellular health.
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50
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Lopes JA, Boeno CN, Paloschi MV, Silva MDS, Rego CMA, Pires WL, Santana HM, Chaves YO, Rodrigues MMDS, Lima AM, Setúbal SDS, Soares AM, Zuliani JP. Phenotypic, functional and plasticity features of human PBMCs induced by venom secreted PLA 2s. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:135-152. [PMID: 36812762 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Bothrops venom contains a high amount of secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2s) enzymes responsible for the inflammatory reaction and activation of leukocytes in cases of envenoming. PLA2s are proteins that have enzymatic activity and can hydrolyze phospholipids at the sn-2 position, thereby releasing fatty acids and lysophospholipids precursors of eicosanoids, which are significant mediators of inflammatory conditions. Whether these enzymes have a role in the activation and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is not known. Here we show for the first time how two secreted PLA2s (BthTX-I and BthTX-II) isolated from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu affect the function and polarization of PBMCs. Neither BthTX-I nor BthTX-II exhibited significant cytotoxicity to isolated PBMCs compared with the control at any of the time points studied. RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine changes in gene expression and the release of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β and IL-10) cytokines, respectively, during the cell differentiation process. Lipid droplets formation and phagocytosis were also investigated. Monocytes/macrophages were labeled with anti-CD14, -CD163, and -CD206 antibodies to assay cell polarization. Both toxins caused a heterogeneous morphology (M1 and M2) on days 1 and 7 based on immunofluorescence analysis, revealing the considerable flexibility of these cells even in the presence of typical polarization stimuli. Thus, these findings indicate that the two sPLA2s trigger both immune response profiles in PBMCs indicating a significant degree of cell plasticity, which may be crucial for understanding the consequences of snake envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Amaral Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Charles Nunes Boeno
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Mauro Valentino Paloschi
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Milena Daniela Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Cristina Matiele Alves Rego
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Weverson Luciano Pires
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Hallison Mota Santana
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Yury Oliveira Chaves
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Moreno Magalhães de Souza Rodrigues
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Laboratório de Análise e Visualização de Dados, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Anderson M Lima
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Sulamita da S Setúbal
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Zuliani
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Brazil.
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