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Zheng S, Liu Y, Yao J, Zhu R, Yu X, Cao Z. Mucus Mimic Hydrogel Coating for Lubricous, Antibiofouling, and Anti-Inflammatory Urinary Catheters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39169797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Silicone is a common elastomer used in indwelling urinary catheters, and catheters are widely used in various medical applications due to their exceptional biocompatibility, hypoallergenic properties, and flexibility. However, silicones exhibit hydrophobic characteristics, lack inherent biolubrication, and are susceptible to nonspecific biosubstance adsorption, resulting in complications including but not limited to tissue trauma, postoperative pain, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). The development of effective surface designs for biomedical catheters to mitigate invasive damage and UITs has been a longstanding challenge. Herein, we present a novel approach to prepare a mucus mimic hydrogel coating. A thin layer of hydrogel containing xylitol is fabricated via photopolymerization. The surface modification technique and the interface-initiated hydrogel polymerization method ensure robust interfacial coherence. The resultant coating exhibits a low friction coefficient (CoF ≈ 0.1) for urinary catheter applications. Benefiting from the hydration layer and the antifouling of the xylitol unit, the xylitol hydrogel-coated surfaces (pAAAMXA) demonstrate outstanding antibiofouling properties against proteins (98.9% reduction relative to pristine polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)). Furthermore, the pAAAMXA shows general adhesion resistance against bacteria primarily responsible for UITs (Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis)) without compromising biotoxicity (cell viability 98%). In vivo, catheters coated with the mucus mimic hydrogel displayed excellent biocompatibility, resistance to adhesion of bio substance, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. This work describes a promising alternative to conventional silicone catheters, offering potential for clinical interventional procedures with minimized complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ruiying Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhihai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Feng G, Wang G, Li T, Han C, Han K, Guo J, Wan Z, Yang X. Phosphatidylcholine Surface Hydration-Dependent Adsorption to Mucin Enhances Intestinal Mucus Barrier Function. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39169607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The crucial role of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholines (PC) within mucus gel is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Herein, we compared the dynamic interfacial adsorption behavior of saturated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and unsaturated dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) to intestinal mucin and their impact on the intestinal mucus barrier function. Results of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation showed that the highly surface-hydrated DPPC vesicles exhibited significantly faster and more extensive adsorption to purified intestinal mucin than the slightly surface-hydrated DOPC vesicles. Utilizing an intestinal Caco-2/HT29-MTX coculture model, we observed that DPPC vesicles adsorbed much more to the mucus gel compared to DOPC vesicles. Additionally, DPPC vesicle adsorption displayed increased wetting, and converse for DOPC vesicles. Interestingly, both of them exhibited nearly the same protective effects against cell injury induced by peptic-tryptic digests of gliadin (PTG). The partial mechanism involved the binding of PTG to DPPC and DOPC within the mucus gel, thereby restricting PTG contact with the underlying epithelial cells. These findings shed light on the intricate interfacial dynamics of PC adsorption to mucin and their implications for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Feng
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gaoshang Wang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tanghao Li
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuanwu Han
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kaining Han
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhili Wan
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Rulff H, Schmidt RF, Wei LF, Fentker K, Kerkhoff Y, Mertins P, Mall MA, Lauster D, Gradzielski M. Comprehensive Characterization of the Viscoelastic Properties of Bovine Submaxillary Mucin (BSM) Hydrogels and the Effect of Additives. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4014-4029. [PMID: 38832927 PMCID: PMC11238336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the viscoelastic and structural properties of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM), which is widely used as a commercial source to conduct mucus-related research. We conducted concentration studies of BSM and examined the effects of various additives, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, lysozyme, and DNA, on its rheological behavior. A notable connection between BSM concentration and viscoelastic properties was observed, particularly under varying ionic conditions. The rheological spectra could be well described by a fractional Kelvin-Voigt model with a minimum of model parameters. A detailed proteomics analysis provided insight into the protein, especially mucin composition within BSM, showing MUC19 as the main component. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy enabled the visualization of the porous BSM network structure. These investigations give us a more profound comprehension of the BSM properties, especially those pertaining to viscoelasticity, and how they are influenced by concentration and environmental conditions, aspects relevant to the field of mucus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rulff
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert F Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ling-Fang Wei
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fentker
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yannic Kerkhoff
- Research Center of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Jaramillo AM, Vladar EK, Holguin F, Dickey BF, Evans CM. Emerging cell and molecular targets for treating mucus hypersecretion in asthma. Allergol Int 2024; 73:375-381. [PMID: 38692992 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucus provides a protective barrier that is crucial for host defense in the lungs. However, excessive or abnormal mucus can have pathophysiological consequences in many pulmonary diseases, including asthma. Patients with asthma are treated with agents that relax airway smooth muscle and reduce airway inflammation, but responses are often inadequate. In part, this is due to the inability of existing therapeutic agents to directly target mucus. Accordingly, there is a critical need to better understand how mucus hypersecretion and airway plugging are affected by the epithelial cells that synthesize, secrete, and transport mucus components. This review highlights recent advances in the biology of mucin glycoproteins with a specific focus on MUC5AC and MUC5B, the chief macromolecular components of airway mucus. An improved mechanistic understanding of key steps in mucin production and secretion will help reveal novel potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Jaramillo
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eszter K Vladar
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Burton F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas M.D., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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5
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Greenwald MA, Meinig SL, Plott LM, Roca C, Higgs MG, Vitko NP, Markovetz MR, Rouillard KR, Carpenter J, Kesimer M, Hill DB, Schisler JC, Wolfgang MC. Mucus polymer concentration and in vivo adaptation converge to define the antibiotic response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic lung infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0345123. [PMID: 38651896 PMCID: PMC11237767 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03451-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The airway milieu of individuals with muco-obstructive airway diseases (MADs) is defined by the accumulation of dehydrated mucus due to hyperabsorption of airway surface liquid and defective mucociliary clearance. Pathological mucus becomes progressively more viscous with age and disease severity due to the concentration and overproduction of mucin and accumulation of host-derived extracellular DNA (eDNA). Respiratory mucus of MADs provides a niche for recurrent and persistent colonization by respiratory pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is responsible for the majority of morbidity and mortality in MADs. Despite high concentration inhaled antibiotic therapies and the absence of antibiotic resistance, antipseudomonal treatment failure in MADs remains a significant clinical challenge. Understanding the drivers of antibiotic tolerance is essential for developing more effective treatments that eradicate persistent infections. The complex and dynamic environment of diseased airways makes it difficult to model antibiotic efficacy in vitro. We aimed to understand how mucin and eDNA concentrations, the two dominant polymers in respiratory mucus, alter the antibiotic tolerance of P. aeruginosa. Our results demonstrate that polymer concentration and molecular weight affect P. aeruginosa survival post antibiotic challenge. Polymer-driven antibiotic tolerance was not explicitly associated with reduced antibiotic diffusion. Lastly, we established a robust and standardized in vitro model for recapitulating the ex vivo antibiotic tolerance of P. aeruginosa observed in expectorated sputum across age, underlying MAD etiology, and disease severity, which revealed the inherent variability in intrinsic antibiotic tolerance of host-evolved P. aeruginosa populations. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic treatment failure in Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic lung infections is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, illustrating the clinical challenge of bacterial infection control. Understanding the underlying infection environment, as well as the host and bacterial factors driving antibiotic tolerance and the ability to accurately recapitulate these factors in vitro, is crucial for improving antibiotic treatment outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that increasing concentration and molecular weight of mucin and host eDNA drive increased antibiotic tolerance to tobramycin. Through systematic testing and modeling, we identified a biologically relevant in vitro condition that recapitulates antibiotic tolerance observed in ex vivo treated sputum. Ultimately, this study revealed a dominant effect of in vivo evolved bacterial populations in defining inter-subject ex vivo antibiotic tolerance and establishes a robust and translatable in vitro model for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Greenwald
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne L Meinig
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucas M Plott
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cristian Roca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew G Higgs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas P Vitko
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew R Markovetz
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R Rouillard
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jerome Carpenter
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew C Wolfgang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Ai T, Wan J, Yu X, Liu J, Yin C, Yang L, Liu H, Qin R. The Non-Denatured Processing of Brasenia schreberi Mucilage-Characteristics of Hydrodynamic Properties and the Effect on In Vivo Functions. Foods 2024; 13:1824. [PMID: 38928766 PMCID: PMC11203210 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Food non-denatured processes, such as freeze-drying and grinding, are commonly applied to raw materials with good bioactive functions. Although the functional components are maintained, whether structural and physical changes impact the in vivo function is often ignored in practical situations. Brasenia schreberi mucilage (BSM) has a significant alleviation effect on DSS-induced colitis. This work focused on the influence of non-denatured manufacture on the colonic benefits of BSM-based products. First, three forms of products including fresh mucilage (FM), freeze-dried products (FS), and freeze-dried powder (FP) were prepared. Then, their in vitro physiochemical properties were compared, analyzing their influence on the gut inflammation degree, microbial composition, and SCFA production in mice. The results suggested that the water retention rate of FS and FP was decreased to 34.59 ± 3.85%, and 9.93 ± 1.76%. The viscosity of FM, FS, and FP was 20.14 Pa∙s, 4.92 Pa∙s, and 0.41 Pa∙s, respectively. The freeze-drying and grinding process also damaged the lamellar microstructure of BSM. Then, animal tests showed that colitis mice intervened with FM, FS, and FP had disease activity scores of 2.03, 3.95, and 4.62. Meanwhile, FM notably changed the gut microbial composition and significantly increased propionate and butyrate levels. It seemed that the distinct colitis alleviation efficacy of BSM-based products is attributed to different hydrodynamic properties in the gut. FM had relatively higher viscosity and correspondingly high nutritional density in the gut lumen, which stimulates Firmicutes growth and promotes butyrate production, and thereby exhibited the best efficiency on protecting from colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyang Ai
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (T.A.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiawei Wan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (T.A.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiujuan Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (T.A.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (T.A.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Cong Yin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (T.A.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Lindong Yang
- Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization Engineering Center of Biological Resources in Southern Minority Areas, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Hong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (T.A.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Rui Qin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (T.A.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (H.L.)
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7
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Sang X, Zhang S. Mucus provisioning as milk in an amphibian. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38798139 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Two examples of vertebrates that feed young with mucus. Left: A female cichlid fish Symphysodon aequifasciatus; Right: A female caecilian Siphonops annulatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Sang
- Centre for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shichang Zhang
- Centre for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Zhao L, Arias SL, Zipfel W, Brito IL, Yeo J. Coarse-grained modeling and dynamics tracking of nanoparticles diffusion in human gut mucus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131434. [PMID: 38614182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract's mucus layer serves as a critical barrier and a mediator in drug nanoparticle delivery. The mucus layer's diverse molecular structures and spatial complexity complicates the mechanistic study of the diffusion dynamics of particulate materials. In response, we developed a bi-component coarse-grained mucus model, specifically tailored for the colorectal cancer environment, that contained the two most abundant glycoproteins in GI mucus: Muc2 and Muc5AC. This model demonstrated the effects of molecular composition and concentration on mucus pore size, a key determinant in the permeability of nanoparticles. Using this computational model, we investigated the diffusion rate of polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated nanoparticles, a widely used muco-penetrating nanoparticle. We validated our model with experimentally characterized mucus pore sizes and the diffusional coefficients of PEG-coated nanoparticles in the mucus collected from cultured human colorectal goblet cells. Machine learning fingerprints were then employed to provide a mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle diffusional behavior. We found that larger nanoparticles tended to be trapped in mucus over longer durations but exhibited more ballistic diffusion over shorter time spans. Through these discoveries, our model provides a promising platform to study pharmacokinetics in the GI mucus layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhao
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sandra L Arias
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Warren Zipfel
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ilana L Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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La Corte SG, Stevens CA, Cárcamo-Oyarce G, Ribbeck K, Wingreen NS, Datta SS. Morphogenesis of bacterial colonies in polymeric environments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.590088. [PMID: 38712130 PMCID: PMC11071276 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Many bacteria live in polymeric fluids, such as mucus, environmental polysaccharides, and extracellular polymers in biofilms. However, lab studies typically focus on cells in polymer-free fluids. Here, we show that interactions with polymers shape a fundamental feature of bacterial life-how they proliferate in space in multicellular colonies. Using experiments, we find that when polymer is sufficiently concentrated, cells generically and reversibly form large serpentine "cables" as they proliferate. By combining experiments with biophysical theory and simulations, we demonstrate that this distinctive form of colony morphogenesis arises from an interplay between polymer-induced entropic attraction between neighboring cells and their hindered ability to diffusely separate from each other in a viscous polymer solution. Our work thus reveals a pivotal role of polymers in sculpting proliferating bacterial colonies, with implications for how they interact with hosts and with the natural environment, and uncovers quantitative principles governing colony morphogenesis in such complex environments.
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Hua T, Li S, Han B. Nanomedicines for intranasal delivery: understanding the nano-bio interactions at the nasal mucus-mucosal barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:553-572. [PMID: 38720439 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2339335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intranasal administration is an effective drug delivery routes in modern pharmaceutics. However, unlike other in vivo biological barriers, the nasal mucosal barrier is characterized by high turnover and selective permeability, hindering the diffusion of both particulate drug delivery systems and drug molecules. The in vivo fate of administrated nanomedicines is often significantly affected by nano-biointeractions. AREAS COVERED The biological barriers that nanomedicines encounter when administered intranasally are introduced, with a discussion on the factors influencing the interaction between nanomedicines and the mucus layer/mucosal barriers. General design strategies for nanomedicines administered via the nasal route are further proposed. Furthermore, the most common methods to investigate the characteristics and the interactions of nanomedicines when in presence of the mucus layer/mucosal barrier are briefly summarized. EXPERT OPINION Detailed investigation of nanomedicine-mucus/mucosal interactions and exploration of their mechanisms provide solutions for designing better intranasal nanomedicines. Designing and applying nanomedicines with mucus interaction properties or non-mucosal interactions should be customized according to the therapeutic need, considering the target of the drug, i.e. brain, lung or nose. Then how to improve the precise targeting efficiency of nanomedicines becomes a difficult task for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangsiyuan Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou Univesity, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Shuling Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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11
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Fancy N, Nitin, Kniffen D, Melvin M, Kazemian N, Sadeghi J, Letef CA, D'Aloisio L, Copp AG, Inaba R, Hans G, Jafaripour S, Haskey N, Raman M, Daneshgar P, Chadee K, Ghosh S, Gibson DL, Pakpour S, Zandberg W, Bergstrom KSB. Fecal-adherent mucus is a non-invasive source of primary human MUC2 for structural and functional characterization in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105675. [PMID: 38272223 PMCID: PMC10891339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The O-glycoprotein Mucin-2 (MUC2) forms the protective colon mucus layer. While animal models have demonstrated the importance of Muc2, few studies have explored human MUC2 in similar depth. Recent studies have revealed that secreted MUC2 is bound to human feces. We hypothesized human fecal MUC2 (HF-MUC2) was accessible for purification and downstream structural and functional characterization. We tested this via histologic and quantitative imaging on human fecal sections; extraction from feces for proteomic and O-glycomic characterization; and functional studies via growth and metabolic assays in vitro. Quantitative imaging of solid fecal sections showed a continuous mucus layer of varying thickness along human fecal sections with barrier functions intact. Lectin profiling showed HF-MUC2 bound several lectins but was weak to absent for Ulex europaeus 1 (α1,2 fucose-binding) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (α2,6 sialic acid-binding), and did not have obvious b1/b2 barrier layers. HF-MUC2 separated by electrophoresis showed high molecular weight glycoprotein bands (∼1-2 MDa). Proteomics and Western analysis confirmed the enrichment of MUC2 and potential MUC2-associated proteins in HF-MUC2 extracts. MUC2 O-glycomics revealed diverse fucosylation, moderate sialylation, and little sulfation versus porcine colonic MUC2 and murine fecal Muc2. O-glycans were functional and supported the growth of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in vitro. MUC2 could be similarly analyzed from inflammatory bowel disease stools, which displayed an altered glycomic profile and differential growth and SCFA production by B. theta versus healthy samples. These studies describe a new non-invasive platform for human MUC2 characterization in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Fancy
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Nitin
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Darrek Kniffen
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Melvin
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Negin Kazemian
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Javad Sadeghi
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Clara A Letef
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Leah D'Aloisio
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Amanda G Copp
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Rain Inaba
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Geetkamal Hans
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Simin Jafaripour
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Natasha Haskey
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Kris Chadee
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Biology, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Sepideh Pakpour
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Wesley Zandberg
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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12
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Lu D, Wu Y, Fu M, Wu Y, Wang Z, Lin J, Yang Q. CALB1: Anovel antiviral factor in chicken ileal mucus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127007. [PMID: 37734520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucus is the first line of defense against pathogens and has several active components. Poultry have a short intestine, the mucus of which may contain antiviral components. We hence investigated the antiviral components of mucus and explored their mechanisms of action. Initially, we isolated chicken intestinal mucus proteins that significantly inhibited the replication of avian viruses. The ileum 10-30 kDa protein fraction showed the greatest inhibition of viral replication. Moreover, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 12 high-abundance proteins in the ileum 10-30 kDa protein fraction. Among them, we investigated the antiviral activity of calcium binding protein 1 (CALB1). Furthermore, eukaryotically and prokaryotically expressed CALB1 significantly suppressed the replication of avian viruses, possibly by binding calcium ions and/or inducing autophagy. In conclusion, we isolated and identified CALB1 from chicken intestinal mucus, which suppressed replication of avian viruses by regulating cellular calcium-ion homeostasis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, SanYa Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, SanYa Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Mei Fu
- College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yaotang Wu
- College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Life Sciences, SanYa Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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13
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Gambirasi M, Safa A, Vruzhaj I, Giacomin A, Sartor F, Toffoli G. Oral Administration of Cancer Vaccines: Challenges and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:26. [PMID: 38250839 PMCID: PMC10821404 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, a burgeoning strategy in cancer treatment, are exploring innovative administration routes to enhance patient and medical staff experiences, as well as immunological outcomes. Among these, oral administration has surfaced as a particularly noteworthy approach, which is attributed to its capacity to ignite both humoral and cellular immune responses at systemic and mucosal tiers, thereby potentially bolstering vaccine efficacy comprehensively and durably. Notwithstanding this, the deployment of vaccines through the oral route in a clinical context is impeded by multifaceted challenges, predominantly stemming from the intricacy of orchestrating effective oral immunogenicity and necessitating strategic navigation through gastrointestinal barriers. Based on the immunogenicity of the gastrointestinal tract, this review critically analyses the challenges and recent advances and provides insights into the future development of oral cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gambirasi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Amin Safa
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
- Doctoral School in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Idris Vruzhaj
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
- Doctoral School in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Aurora Giacomin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Franca Sartor
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.G.); (I.V.); (F.S.)
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14
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Greenwald MA, Meinig SL, Plott LM, Roca C, Higgs MG, Vitko NP, Markovetz MR, Rouillard KR, Carpenter J, Kesimer M, Hill DB, Schisler JC, Wolfgang MC. Mucus polymer concentration and in vivo adaptation converge to define the antibiotic response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic lung infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572620. [PMID: 38187602 PMCID: PMC10769284 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The airway milieu of individuals with muco-obstructive airway diseases (MADs) is defined by the accumulation of dehydrated mucus due to hyperabsorption of airway surface liquid and defective mucociliary clearance. Pathological mucus becomes progressively more viscous with age and disease severity due to the concentration and overproduction of mucin and accumulation of host-derived extracellular DNA (eDNA). Respiratory mucus of MADs provides a niche for recurrent and persistent colonization by respiratory pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which is responsible for the majority of morbidity and mortality in MADs. Despite high concentration inhaled antibiotic therapies and the absence of antibiotic resistance, antipseudomonal treatment failure in MADs remains a significant clinical challenge. Understanding the drivers of antibiotic recalcitrance is essential for developing more effective treatments that eradicate persistent infections. The complex and dynamic environment of diseased airways makes it difficult to model antibiotic efficacy in vitro . We aimed to understand how mucin and eDNA concentrations, the two dominant polymers in respiratory mucus, alter the antibiotic tolerance of P. aeruginosa . Our results demonstrate that polymer concentration and molecular weight affect P. aeruginosa survival post antibiotic challenge. Polymer-driven antibiotic tolerance was not explicitly associated with reduced antibiotic diffusion. Lastly, we established a robust and standardized in vitro model for recapitulating the ex vivo antibiotic tolerance of P. aeruginosa observed in expectorated sputum across age, underlying MAD etiology, and disease severity, which revealed the inherent variability in intrinsic antibiotic tolerance of host-evolved P. aeruginosa populations. Importance Antibiotic treatment failure in Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic lung infections is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, illustrating the clinical challenge of bacterial infection control. Understanding the underlying infection environment, as well as the host and bacterial factors driving antibiotic tolerance and the ability to accurately recapitulate these factors in vitro , is crucial for improving antibiotic treatment outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that increasing concentration and molecular weight of mucin and host eDNA drive increased antibiotic tolerance to tobramycin. Through systematic testing and modeling, we identified a biologically relevant in vitro condition that recapitulates antibiotic tolerance observed in ex vivo treated sputum. Ultimately, this study revealed a dominant effect of in vivo evolved bacterial populations in defining inter-subject ex vivo antibiotic tolerance and establishes a robust and translatable in vitro model for therapeutic development.
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15
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Manzer HS, Brunetti T, Doran KS. Identification of a DNA-cytosine methyltransferase that impacts global transcription to promote group B streptococcal vaginal colonization. mBio 2023; 14:e0230623. [PMID: 37905908 PMCID: PMC10746215 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02306-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonizes the female reproductive tract (FRT) in one-third of women, and carriage leads to numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes including the preterm premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, and stillbirth. The presence of GBS in the FRT during pregnancy is also the largest predisposing factor for the transmission of GBS and invasive neonatal diseases, including pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. The factors contributing to GBS colonization are still being elucidated. Here, we show for the first time that GBS transcription is regulated by an orphan DNA cytosine methyltransferase (Dcm). Many GBS factors are regulated by Dcm, especially those involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism. We show that GBS persistence in the FRT is dependent on the catabolism of sugars found on the vaginal mucin MUC5B. Collectively, this work highlights the regulatory importance of a DNA methyltransferase and identifies both host and bacterial factors required for GBS colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider S. Manzer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tonya Brunetti
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly S. Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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16
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Vasquez PA, Walker B, Bloom K, Kolbin D, Caughman N, Freeman R, Lysy M, Hult C, Newhall KA, Papanikolas M, Edelmaier C, Forest MG. The power of weak, transient interactions across biology: A paradigm of emergent behavior. PHYSICA D. NONLINEAR PHENOMENA 2023; 454:133866. [PMID: 38274029 PMCID: PMC10806540 DOI: 10.1016/j.physd.2023.133866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A growing list of diverse biological systems and their equally diverse functionalities provides realizations of a paradigm of emergent behavior. In each of these biological systems, pervasive ensembles of weak, short-lived, spatially local interactions act autonomously to convey functionalities at larger spatial and temporal scales. In this article, a range of diverse systems and functionalities are presented in a cursory manner with literature citations for further details. Then two systems and their properties are discussed in more detail: yeast chromosome biology and human respiratory mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Vasquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ben Walker
- Department of Mathematics, University of California at Irvine, United States of America
| | - Kerry Bloom
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Daniel Kolbin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Neall Caughman
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Ronit Freeman
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Martin Lysy
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Caitlin Hult
- Department of Mathematics, Gettysburg College, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Newhall
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Micah Papanikolas
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Christopher Edelmaier
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, United States of America
| | - M. Gregory Forest
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
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17
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Khmelnitsky L, Milo A, Dym O, Fass D. Diversity of CysD domains in gel-forming mucins. FEBS J 2023; 290:5196-5203. [PMID: 37526947 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
CysD domains are disulfide-rich modules embedded within long O-glycosylated regions of mucin glycoproteins. CysD domains are thought to mediate intermolecular adhesion during the intracellular bioassembly of mucin polymers and perhaps also after secretion in extracellular mucus hydrogels. The human genome encodes 18 CysD domains distributed across three different mucins. To date, experimental structural information is available only for the first CysD domain (CysD1) of the intestinal mucin MUC2, which is one of the most divergent of the CysDs. To provide experimental data on a CysD that is representative of a larger branch of the fold family, we determined the crystal structure of the seventh CysD domain (CysD7) from MUC5AC, a mucin found in the respiratory tract and stomach. The MUC5AC CysD7 structure revealed a single calcium-binding site, contrasting with the two sites in MUC2 CysD1. The MUC5AC CysD7 structure also contained an additional α-helix absent from MUC2 CysD1, with potential functional implications for intermolecular interactions. Lastly, the experimental structure emphasized the flexibility of the loop analogous to the main adhesion loop of MUC2 CysD1, suggesting that both sequence divergence and physical plasticity in this region may contribute to the adaptation of mucin CysD domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Khmelnitsky
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayala Milo
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orly Dym
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Deborah Fass
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Maher S, Geoghegan C, Brayden DJ. Safety of surfactant excipients in oral drug formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 202:115086. [PMID: 37739041 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are a diverse group of compounds that share the capacity to adsorb at the boundary between distinct phases of matter. They are used as pharmaceutical excipients, food additives, emulsifiers in cosmetics, and as household/industrial detergents. This review outlines the interaction of surfactant-type excipients present in oral pharmaceutical dosage forms with the intestinal epithelium of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Many surfactants permitted for human consumption in oral products reduce intestinal epithelial cell viability in vitro and alter barrier integrity in epithelial cell monolayers, isolated GI tissue mucosae, and in animal models. This suggests a degree of mis-match for predicting safety issues in humans from such models. Recent controversial preclinical research also infers that some widely used emulsifiers used in oral products may be linked to ulcerative colitis, some metabolic disorders, and cancers. We review a wide range of surfactant excipients in oral dosage forms regarding their interactions with the GI tract. Safety data is reviewed across in vitro, ex vivo, pre-clinical animal, and human studies. The factors that may mitigate against some of the potentially abrasive effects of surfactants on GI epithelia observed in pre-clinical studies are summarised. We conclude with a perspective on the overall safety of surfactants in oral pharmaceutical dosage forms, which has relevance for delivery system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Maher
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Caroline Geoghegan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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19
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Aristide L, Fernández R. Genomic Insights into Mollusk Terrestrialization: Parallel and Convergent Gene Family Expansions as Key Facilitators in Out-of-the-Sea Transitions. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad176. [PMID: 37793176 PMCID: PMC10581543 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals abandoned their marine niche and successfully adapted to life on land multiple times throughout evolution, providing a rare opportunity to study the mechanisms driving large scale macroevolutionary convergence. However, the genomic factors underlying this process remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate the macroevolutionary dynamics of gene repertoire evolution during repeated transitions out of the sea in mollusks, a lineage that has transitioned to freshwater and terrestrial environments multiple independent times. Through phylogenomics and phylogenetic comparative methods, we examine ∼100 genomic data sets encompassing all major molluskan lineages. We introduce a conceptual framework for identifying and analyzing parallel and convergent evolution at the orthogroup level (groups of genes derived from a single ancestral gene in the species in question) and explore the extent of these mechanisms. Despite deep temporal divergences, we found that parallel expansions of ancient gene families played a major role in facilitating adaptation to nonmarine habitats, highlighting the relevance of the preexisting genomic toolkit in facilitating adaptation to new environments. The expanded functions primarily involve metabolic, osmoregulatory, and defense-related systems. We further found functionally convergent lineage-exclusive gene gains, while family contractions appear to be driven by neutral processes. Also, genomic innovations likely contributed to fuel independent habitat transitions. Overall, our study reveals that various mechanisms of gene repertoire evolution-parallelism, convergence, and innovation-can simultaneously contribute to major evolutionary transitions. Our results provide a genome-wide gene repertoire atlas of molluskan terrestrialization that paves the way toward further understanding the functional and evolutionary bases of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Aristide
- Metazoa Phylogenomics Laboratory Biodiversity Program, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (Spanish Research Council-University Pompeu Fabra), BarcelonaSpain
| | - Rosa Fernández
- Metazoa Phylogenomics Laboratory Biodiversity Program, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (Spanish Research Council-University Pompeu Fabra), BarcelonaSpain
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20
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Donahue R, Sahoo JK, Rudolph S, Chen Y, Kaplan DL. Mucosa-Mimetic Materials for the Study of Intestinal Homeostasis and Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300301. [PMID: 37329337 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic hydrogel that lines and protects the epithelial surfaces of the body that houses commensal microbiota and functions in host defense against pathogen invasion. As a first-line physical and biochemical barrier, intestinal mucus is involved in immune surveillance and spatial organization of the microbiome, while dysfunction of the gut mucus barrier is implicated in several diseases. Mucus can be collected from a variety of mammalian sources for study, however, established methods are challenging in terms of scale and efficiency, as well as with regard to rheological similarity to native human mucus. Therefore, there is a need for mucus-mimetic hydrogels that more accurately reflect the physical and chemical profile of the in vivo human epithelial environment to enable the investigation of the role of mucus in human disease and interactions with the intestinal microbiome. This review will evaluate the material properties of synthetic mucus mimics to date designed to address the above need, with a focus toward an improved understanding of the biochemical and immunological functions of these biopolymers related to utility for research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sara Rudolph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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21
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Cerullo AR, McDermott MB, Pepi LE, Liu ZL, Barry D, Zhang S, Yang X, Chen X, Azadi P, Holford M, Braunschweig AB. Comparative mucomic analysis of three functionally distinct Cornu aspersum Secretions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5361. [PMID: 37660066 PMCID: PMC10475054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Every animal secretes mucus, placing them among the most diverse biological materials. Mucus hydrogels are complex mixtures of water, ions, carbohydrates, and proteins. Uncertainty surrounding their composition and how interactions between components contribute to mucus function complicates efforts to exploit their properties. There is substantial interest in commercializing mucus from the garden snail, Cornu aspersum, for skincare, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and composite materials. C. aspersum secretes three mucus-one shielding the animal from environmental threats, one adhesive mucus from the pedal surface of the foot, and another pedal mucus that is lubricating. It remains a mystery how compositional differences account for their substantially different properties. Here, we characterize mucus proteins, glycosylation, ion content, and mechanical properties that could be used to provide insight into structure-function relationships through an integrative "mucomics" approach. We identify macromolecular components of these hydrogels, including a previously unreported protein class termed Conserved Anterior Mollusk Proteins (CAMPs). Revealing differences between C. aspersum mucus shows how considering structure at all levels can inform the design of mucus-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R Cerullo
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maxwell B McDermott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lauren E Pepi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zhi-Lun Liu
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Diariou Barry
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The PhD Program in Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Mande Holford
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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22
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Bustos NA, Ribbeck K, Wagner CE. The role of mucosal barriers in disease progression and transmission. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115008. [PMID: 37442240 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a biological hydrogel that coats and protects all non-keratinized wet epithelial surfaces. Mucins, the primary structural components of mucus, are critical components of the gel layer that protect against invading pathogens. For communicable diseases, pathogen-mucin interactions contribute to the pathogen's fate and the potential for disease progression in-host, as well as the potential for onward transmission. We begin by reviewing in-host mucus filtering mechanisms, including size filtering and interaction filtering, which regulate the permeability of mucus barriers to all molecules including pathogens. Next, we discuss the role of mucins in communicable diseases at the point of transmission (i.e. how the encapsulation of pathogens in emitted mucosal droplets externally to hosts may modulate pathogen infectivity and viability). Overall, mucosal barriers modulate both host susceptibility as well as the dynamics of population-level disease transmission. The study of mucins and their use in models and experimental systems are therefore crucial for understanding the mechanistic biophysical principles underlying disease transmission and the early stages of host infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Bustos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline E Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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23
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Inaba R, Vujakovic S, Bergstrom K. The gut mucus network: A dynamic liaison between microbes and the immune system. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101807. [PMID: 37478802 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A complex mucus network made up of large polymers of the mucin-family glycoprotein MUC2 exists between the large intestinal microbial mass and epithelial and immune cells. This has long been understood as an innate immune defense barrier against the microbiota and other luminal threats that reinforces the barrier function of the epithelium and limits microbiota contact with the tissues. However, past and recent studies have provided new evidence of how critical the mucus network is to act as a 'liaison' between host and microbe to mediate anti-inflammatory, mutualistic interactions with the microbiota and protection from pathogens. This review summarizes historical and recent insights into the formation of the gut mucus network, how the microbes and immune system influence mucus, and in turn, how the mucus influences immune responses to the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rain Inaba
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara Vujakovic
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirk Bergstrom
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada.
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24
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Martinez-Carrasco R, Rachagani S, Batra SK, Argüeso P, Fini ME. Roles unveiled for membrane-associated mucins at the ocular surface using a Muc4 knockout mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13558. [PMID: 37604830 PMCID: PMC10442421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) are proposed to play critical roles at the ocular surface; however, in vivo evidence has been lacking. Here we investigate these roles by phenotyping of a Muc4 KO mouse. Histochemical analysis for expression of the beta-galactosidase transgene replacing Muc4 revealed a spiraling ribbon pattern across the corneal epithelium, consistent with centripetal cell migration from the limbus. Depletion of Muc4 compromised transcellular barrier function, as evidenced by an increase in rose bengal staining. In addition, the corneal surface was less smooth, consistent with disruption of tear film stability. While surface cells presented with well-developed microprojections, an increase in the number of cells with fewer microprojections was observed. Moreover, an increase in skin-type keratin K10 and a decrease in transcription factor Pax6 was observed, suggesting an incipient transdifferentiation. Despite this, no evidence of inflammatory dry eye disease was apparent. In addition, Muc4 had no effect on signaling by toll-like receptor Tlr4, unlike reports for MUC1 and MUC16. Results of this study provide the first in vivo evidence for the role of MAMs in transcellular barrier function, tear film stability, apical epithelial cell architecture, and epithelial mucosal differentiation at the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martinez-Carrasco
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Satyanarayan Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetics, Molecular & Cellular Biology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Pharmacology & Drug Development, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Fini
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Program in Genetics, Molecular & Cellular Biology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Pharmacology & Drug Development, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Wang C, Wu D, Shi G. Extract of Sophorae flavescentis radix-Cnidii fructus couplet medicines treats vulvovaginal candidiasis by affecting the vaginal mucosal barrier. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:809-824. [PMID: 37668465 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the inhibition of extract of Sophorae flavescentis radix-Cnidii fructus couplet medicines (ESCC) on Candida albicans (C. albicans) in vitro and the effect of ESCC on the vaginal mucosal barrier in vivo. Materials & methods: Susceptibility testing was performed with C. albicans SC5314. A vulvovaginal candidiasis mouse model was successfully established. The plate method, Gram staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining and ELISA were used to detect relevant inflammatory indexes: IFN-γ, IL-1 and TNF-α. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect mucosal immune-related factors: MUC1, MUC4, DEFB1 and DEFB2. Results: ESCC was able to inhibit the proliferative activity of C. albicans, and it affected inflammation-related factors and indicators of vaginal mucosal immunity. Conclusion: ESCC showed potential value in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology & Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology & Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology & Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China
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26
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Graham DB, Xavier RJ. Conditioning of the immune system by the microbiome. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:499-511. [PMID: 37236891 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome has coevolved with its host to establish a stable homeostatic relationship with hallmark features of mutualistic symbioses, yet the mechanistic underpinnings of host-microbiome interactions are incompletely understood. Thus, it is an opportune time to conceive a common framework for microbiome-mediated regulation of immune function. We propose the term conditioned immunity to describe the multifaceted mechanisms by which the microbiome modulates immunity. In this regard, microbial colonization is a conditioning exposure that has durable effects on immune function through the action of secondary metabolites, foreign molecular patterns, and antigens. Here, we discuss how spatial niches impact host exposure to microbial products at the level of dose and timing, which elicit diverse conditioned responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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27
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Liu S, Wen X, Zhang X, Mao S. Oral delivery of biomacromolecules by overcoming biological barriers in the gastrointestinal tract: an update. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1333-1347. [PMID: 37439101 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2231343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biomacromolecules have proven to be an attractive choice for treating diseases due to their properties of strong specificity, high efficiency, and low toxicity. Besides greatly improving the patient's complaint, oral delivery of macromolecules also complies with hormone physiological secretion, which has become one of the most innovative fields of research in recent years. AREAS COVERED Oral delivery biological barriers for biomacromolecule, transport mechanisms, and various administration strategies were discussed in this review, including absorption enhancers, targeting nanoparticles, mucoadhesion nanoparticles, mucus penetration nanoparticles, and intelligent bionic drug delivery systems. EXPERT OPINION The oral delivery of biomacromolecules has important clinical implications; however, these are still facing the challenges of low bioavailability due to certain barriers. Various promising technologies have been developed to overcome the barriers and improve the therapeutic effect of oral biomacromolecules. By considering safety and efficacy comprehensively, the development of intelligent nanoparticles based on the GIT environment has demonstrated some promise in overcoming these barriers; however, a more comprehensive understanding of the oral fate of oral biomacromolecules is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangce Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shirui Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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28
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Fass D, Thornton DJ. Mucin networks: Dynamic structural assemblies controlling mucus function. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 79:102524. [PMID: 36753925 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to first appearances, mucus structural biology is not an oxymoron. Though mucus hydrogels derive their characteristics largely from intrinsically disordered, heavily glycosylated polypeptide segments, the secreted mucin glycoproteins that constitute mucus undergo an orderly assembly process controlled by folded domains at their termini. Recent structural studies revealed how mucin complexes promote disulphide-mediated polymerization to produce the mucus gel scaffold. Additional protein-protein and protein-glycan interactions likely tune the mesoscale properties, stability, and activities of mucins. Evidence is emerging that even intrinsically disordered glycosylated segments have specific structural roles in the production and properties of mucus. Though soft-matter biophysical approaches to understanding mucus remain highly relevant, high-resolution structural studies of mucins and other mucus components are providing new perspectives on these vital, protective hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fass
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David J Thornton
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and the Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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29
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Herrera JA, Dingle LA, Monetero MA, Venkateswaran RV, Blaikley JF, Granato F, Pearson S, Lawless C, Thornton DJ. Morphologically intact airways in lung fibrosis have an abnormal proteome. Respir Res 2023; 24:99. [PMID: 37005656 PMCID: PMC10066954 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeycombing is a histological pattern consistent with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP). Honeycombing refers to cystic airways located at sites of dense fibrosis with marked mucus accumulation. Utilizing laser capture microdissection coupled mass spectrometry (LCM-MS), we interrogated the fibrotic honeycomb airway cells and fibrotic uninvolved airway cells (distant from honeycomb airways and morphologically intact) in specimens from 10 patients with UIP. Non-fibrotic airway cell specimens from 6 patients served as controls. Furthermore, we performed LCM-MS on the mucus plugs found in 6 patients with UIP and 6 patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma. The mass spectrometry data were subject to both qualitative and quantitative analysis and validated by immunohistochemistry. Surprisingly, fibrotic uninvolved airway cells share a similar protein profile to honeycomb airway cells, showing deregulation of the slit and roundabout receptor (Slit and Robo) pathway as the strongest category. We find that (BPI) fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1) is the most significantly increased secretome-associated protein in UIP, whereas Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) is the most significantly increased in mucinous adenocarcinoma. We conclude that fibrotic uninvolved airway cells share pathological features with fibrotic honeycomb airway cells. In addition, fibrotic honeycomb airway cells are enriched in mucin biogenesis proteins with a marked derangement in proteins essential for ciliogenesis. This unbiased spatial proteomic approach generates novel and testable hypotheses to decipher fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Herrera
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Lewis A Dingle
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
| | - M Angeles Monetero
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Rajamiyer V Venkateswaran
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - John F Blaikley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Felice Granato
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Stella Pearson
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
| | - David J Thornton
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Great Manchester, UK
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30
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Sullivan MR, McGowen K, Liu Q, Akusobi C, Young DC, Mayfield JA, Raman S, Wolf ID, Moody DB, Aldrich CC, Muir A, Rubin EJ. Biotin-dependent cell envelope remodelling is required for Mycobacterium abscessus survival in lung infection. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:481-497. [PMID: 36658396 PMCID: PMC9992005 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen causing lung infection predominantly in patients with underlying structural abnormalities or lung disease and is resistant to most frontline antibiotics. As the pathogenic mechanisms of M. abscessus in the context of the lung are not well-understood, we developed an infection model using air-liquid interface culture and performed a transposon mutagenesis and sequencing screen to identify genes differentially required for bacterial survival in the lung. Biotin cofactor synthesis was required for M. abscessus growth due to increased intracellular biotin demand, while pharmacological inhibition of biotin synthesis prevented bacterial proliferation. Biotin was required for fatty acid remodelling, which increased cell envelope fluidity and promoted M. abscessus survival in the alkaline lung environment. Together, these results indicate that biotin-dependent fatty acid remodelling plays a critical role in pathogenic adaptation to the lung niche, suggesting that biotin synthesis and fatty acid metabolism might provide therapeutic targets for treatment of M. abscessus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sullivan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry McGowen
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chidiebere Akusobi
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Young
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob A Mayfield
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sahadevan Raman
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian D Wolf
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric J Rubin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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31
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Wu D, Xiang Y. Role of mucociliary clearance system in respiratory diseases. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:275-284. [PMID: 36999475 PMCID: PMC10930340 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance system is the primary innate defense mechanism of the lung. It plays a vital role in protecting airways from microbes and irritants infection. Mucociliary clearance system, which is mediated by the actions of airway and submucosal gland epithelial cells, plays a critical role in a multilayered defense system via secreting fluids, electrolytes, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory proteins, and mucus onto airway surfaces. Changes in environment, drugs or diseases can lead to mucus overproduction and cilia dysfunction, which in turn decrease the rate of mucociliary clearance and enhance mucus gathering. The dysfunction of mucociliary clearance system often occurs in several respiratory diseases, such as primary ciliary dysfunction, cystic fibrosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which are characterized by goblet cell metaplasia, submucosal gland cell hypertrophy, mucus hypersecretion, cilia adhesion, lodging and loss, and airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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32
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Elsayed A, Al-Remawi M, Jaber N, Abu-Salah KM. Advances in buccal and oral delivery of insulin. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122623. [PMID: 36681204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic endocrine disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in metabolic processes, such as those related to carbohydrates, fat, and protein. There are two main types of this disease: type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin therapy is pivotal to the management of diabetes. Over the last two decades, many routes of administration, including nasal, pulmonary, rectal, transdermal, buccal, and ocular, have been investigated. Nevertheless, subcutaneous parenteral administration is still the most common route for insulin therapy. To overcome poor bioavailability and the barriers to oral insulin absorption, novel approaches in the field of oral drug delivery and administration have been brought about by the coalescence of different branches of nanoscience and nanotechnology, such as nanomedicine, nano-biochemistry, and nano-pharmacy. Novel drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, nano-platforms, and nanocarriers, have been suggested. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the various promising approaches that have been explored and evaluated for the safe and efficient oral and buccal administration of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Elsayed
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayyas Al-Remawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Nisrein Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Khalid M Abu-Salah
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/ King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Department of Nanomedicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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33
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View from the Biological Property: Insight into the Functional Diversity and Complexity of the Gut Mucus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044227. [PMID: 36835646 PMCID: PMC9960128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to mucin's important protective effect on epithelial tissue, it has garnered extensive attention. The role played by mucus in the digestive tract is undeniable. On the one hand, mucus forms "biofilm" structures that insulate harmful substances from direct contact with epithelial cells. On the other hand, a variety of immune molecules in mucus play a crucial role in the immune regulation of the digestive tract. Due to the enormous number of microorganisms in the gut, the biological properties of mucus and its protective actions are more complicated. Numerous pieces of research have hinted that the aberrant expression of intestinal mucus is closely related to impaired intestinal function. Therefore, this purposeful review aims to provide the highlights of the biological characteristics and functional categorization of mucus synthesis and secretion. In addition, we highlight a variety of the regulatory factors for mucus. Most importantly, we also summarize some of the changes and possible molecular mechanisms of mucus during certain disease processes. All these are beneficial to clinical practice, diagnosis, and treatment and can provide some potential theoretical bases. Admittedly, there are still some deficiencies or contradictory results in the current research on mucus, but none of this diminishes the importance of mucus in protective impacts.
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34
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Cooley A, Madhukaran S, Stroebele E, Colon Caraballo M, Wang L, Akgul Y, Hon GC, Mahendroo M. Dynamic states of cervical epithelia during pregnancy and epithelial barrier disruption. iScience 2023; 26:105953. [PMID: 36718364 PMCID: PMC9883190 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cervical epithelium undergoes changes in proliferation, differentiation, and function that are critical to ensure fertility and maintain pregnancy. Here, we identify cervical epithelial subtypes in non-pregnant, pregnant, and in labor mice using single-cell transcriptome and spatial analysis. We identify heterogeneous subpopulations of epithelia displaying spatial and temporal specificity. Notably in pregnancy, two goblet cell subtypes are present in the most luminal layers with one goblet population expanding earlier in pregnancy than the other goblet population. The goblet populations express novel protective factors and distinct mucosal networks. Single-cell analysis in a model of cervical epithelial barrier disruption indicates untimely basal cell proliferation precedes the expansion of goblet cells with diminished mucosal integrity. These data demonstrate how the cervical epithelium undergoes continuous remodeling to maintain dynamic states of homeostasis in pregnancy and labor, and provide a framework to understand perturbations in epithelial health that increase the risk of premature birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cooley
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - ShanmugaPriyaa Madhukaran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stroebele
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mariano Colon Caraballo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yucel Akgul
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gary C. Hon
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mala Mahendroo
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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35
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Kato T, Asakura T, Edwards CE, Dang H, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Chen G, Sun L, Gilmore RC, Hawkins P, De la Cruz G, Cooley MR, Bailey AB, Hewitt SM, Chertow DS, Borczuk AC, Salvatore S, Martinez FJ, Thorne LB, Askin FB, Ehre C, Randell SH, O’Neal WK, Baric RS, Boucher RC. Prevalence and Mechanisms of Mucus Accumulation in COVID-19 Lung Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1336-1352. [PMID: 35816430 PMCID: PMC9746856 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202111-2606oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The incidence and sites of mucus accumulation and molecular regulation of mucin gene expression in coronavirus (COVID-19) lung disease have not been reported. Objectives: To characterize the incidence of mucus accumulation and the mechanisms mediating mucin hypersecretion in COVID-19 lung disease. Methods: Airway mucus and mucins were evaluated in COVID-19 autopsy lungs by Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining, immunohistochemical staining, RNA in situ hybridization, and spatial transcriptional profiling. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cultures were used to investigate mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced mucin expression and synthesis and test candidate countermeasures. Measurements and Main Results: MUC5B and variably MUC5AC RNA concentrations were increased throughout all airway regions of COVID-19 autopsy lungs, notably in the subacute/chronic disease phase after SARS-CoV-2 clearance. In the distal lung, MUC5B-dominated mucus plugging was observed in 90% of subjects with COVID-19 in both morphologically identified bronchioles and microcysts, and MUC5B accumulated in damaged alveolar spaces. SARS-CoV-2-infected HBE cultures exhibited peak titers 3 days after inoculation, whereas induction of MUC5B/MUC5AC peaked 7-14 days after inoculation. SARS-CoV-2 infection of HBE cultures induced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1α/β) associated with mucin gene regulation. Inhibiting EGFR/IL-1R pathways or administration of dexamethasone reduced SARS-CoV-2-induced mucin expression. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a high prevalence of distal airspace mucus accumulation and increased MUC5B expression in COVID-19 autopsy lungs. HBE culture studies identified roles for EGFR and IL-1R signaling in mucin gene regulation after SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data suggest that time-sensitive mucolytic agents, specific pathway inhibitors, or corticosteroid administration may be therapeutic for COVID-19 lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel S. Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | | | | | | | - Leigh B. Thorne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Frederic B. Askin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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36
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Hill DB, Button B, Rubinstein M, Boucher RC. Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1757-1836. [PMID: 35001665 PMCID: PMC9665957 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid pumping and cough-dependent mechanisms, and mucus transport rates are heavily dependent on mucus concentration. Importantly, mucus transport rates are accurately predicted by the gel-on-brush model of the mucociliary apparatus from the relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary-glycocalyceal (PCL-G) layers. The fluid available to hydrate mucus is generated by transepithelial fluid transport. Feedback interactions between mucus concentrations and cilia beating, via purinergic signaling, coordinate Na+ absorptive vs Cl- secretory rates to maintain mucus hydration in health. In disease, mucus becomes hyperconcentrated (dehydrated). Multiple mechanisms derange the ion transport pathways that normally hydrate mucus in muco-obstructive lung diseases, e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). A key step in muco-obstructive disease pathogenesis is the osmotic compression of the mucus layer onto the airway surface with the formation of adherent mucus plaques and plugs, particularly in distal airways. Mucus plaques create locally hypoxic conditions and produce airflow obstruction, inflammation, infection, and, ultimately, airway wall damage. Therapies to clear adherent mucus with hydrating and mucolytic agents are rational, and strategies to develop these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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37
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Pajic P, Shen S, Qu J, May AJ, Knox S, Ruhl S, Gokcumen O. A mechanism of gene evolution generating mucin function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8757. [PMID: 36026444 PMCID: PMC9417175 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
How novel gene functions evolve is a fundamental question in biology. Mucin proteins, a functionally but not evolutionarily defined group of proteins, allow the study of convergent evolution of gene function. By analyzing the genomic variation of mucins across a wide range of mammalian genomes, we propose that exonic repeats and their copy number variation contribute substantially to the de novo evolution of new gene functions. By integrating bioinformatic, phylogenetic, proteomic, and immunohistochemical approaches, we identified 15 undescribed instances of evolutionary convergence, where novel mucins originated by gaining densely O-glycosylated exonic repeat domains. Our results suggest that secreted proteins rich in proline are natural precursors for acquiring mucin function. Our findings have broad implications for understanding the role of exonic repeats in the parallel evolution of new gene functions, especially those involving protein glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Pajic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Science, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Science, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Alison J. May
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sarah Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stefan Ruhl
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Omer Gokcumen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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38
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Greenwald MA, Wolfgang MC. The changing landscape of the cystic fibrosis lung environment: From the perspective of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 65:102262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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39
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Marczynski M, Rickert CA, Fuhrmann T, Lieleg O. An improved, filtration-based process to purify functional mucins from mucosal tissues with high yields. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Pednekar DD, Liguori MA, Marques CNH, Zhang T, Zhang N, Zhou Z, Amoako K, Gu H. From Static to Dynamic: A Review on the Role of Mucus Heterogeneity in Particle and Microbial Transport. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2825-2848. [PMID: 35696291 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucus layers (McLs) are on the front line of the human defense system that protect us from foreign abiotic/biotic particles (e.g., airborne virus SARS-CoV-2) and lubricates our organs. Recently, the impact of McLs on human health (e.g., nutrient absorption and drug delivery) and diseases (e.g., infections and cancers) has been studied extensively, yet their mechanisms are still not fully understood due to their high variety among organs and individuals. We characterize these variances as the heterogeneity of McLs, which lies in the thickness, composition, and physiology, making the systematic research on the roles of McLs in human health and diseases very challenging. To advance mucosal organoids and develop effective drug delivery systems, a comprehensive understanding of McLs' heterogeneity and how it impacts mucus physiology is urgently needed. When the role of airway mucus in the penetration and transmission of coronavirus (CoV) is considered, this understanding may also enable a better explanation and prediction of the CoV's behavior. Hence, in this Review, we summarize the variances of McLs among organs, health conditions, and experimental settings as well as recent advances in experimental measurements, data analysis, and model development for simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dinanath Pednekar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Madison A Liguori
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | | | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zejian Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Kagya Amoako
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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41
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Sokolovskaya OM, Tan MW, Wolan DW. Sialic acid diversity in the human gut: Molecular impacts and tools for future discovery. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102397. [PMID: 35653953 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of structurally related sugars that are prevalent in mucosal surfaces, including the human intestine. In the gut, sialic acids have diverse biological roles at the interface of the host epithelium and the microbiota. N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), the best studied sialic acid, is a nutrient source for bacteria and, when displayed on the cell surface, a binding site for host immune factors, viruses, and bacterial toxins. Neu5Ac is extensively modified by host and microbial enzymes, and the impacts of Neu5Ac derivatives on host-microbe interactions, and generally on human and microbial biology, remain underexplored. In this mini-review, we highlight recent reports describing how host and microbial proteins differentiate Neu5Ac and its derivatives, draw attention to gaps in knowledge related to sialic acid biology, and suggest cutting-edge methodologies that may expand our appreciation and understanding of Neu5Ac in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Sokolovskaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States.
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42
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Nutritional Interactions between Bacterial Species Colonising the Human Nasal Cavity: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060489. [PMID: 35736422 PMCID: PMC9229137 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The human nasal microbiome can be a reservoir for several pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus. However, certain harmless nasal commensals can interfere with pathogen colonisation, an ability that could be exploited to prevent infection. Although attractive as a prophylactic strategy, manipulation of nasal microbiomes to prevent pathogen colonisation requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interaction that occur between nasal commensals as well as between commensals and pathogens. Our knowledge concerning the mechanisms of pathogen exclusion and how stable community structures are established is patchy and incomplete. Nutrients are scarce in nasal cavities, which makes competitive or mutualistic traits in nutrient acquisition very likely. In this review, we focus on nutritional interactions that have been shown to or might occur between nasal microbiome members. We summarise concepts of nutrient release from complex host molecules and host cells as well as of intracommunity exchange of energy-rich fermentation products and siderophores. Finally, we discuss the potential of genome-based metabolic models to predict complex nutritional interactions between members of the nasal microbiome.
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43
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Kato T, Radicioni G, Papanikolas MJ, Stoychev GV, Markovetz MR, Aoki K, Porterfield M, Okuda K, Barbosa Cardenas SM, Gilmore RC, Morrison CB, Ehre C, Burns KA, White KK, Brennan TA, Goodell HP, Thacker H, Loznev HT, Forsberg LJ, Nagase T, Rubinstein M, Randell SH, Tiemeyer M, Hill DB, Kesimer M, O’Neal WK, Ballard ST, Freeman R, Button B, Boucher RC. Mucus concentration-dependent biophysical abnormalities unify submucosal gland and superficial airway dysfunction in cystic fibrosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9718. [PMID: 35363522 PMCID: PMC10938572 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by abnormal transepithelial ion transport. However, a description of CF lung disease pathophysiology unifying superficial epithelial and submucosal gland (SMG) dysfunctions has remained elusive. We hypothesized that biophysical abnormalities associated with CF mucus hyperconcentration provide a unifying mechanism. Studies of the anion secretion-inhibited pig airway model of CF revealed elevated SMG mucus concentrations, osmotic pressures, and SMG mucus accumulation. Human airway studies revealed hyperconcentrated CF SMG mucus with raised osmotic pressures and cohesive forces predicted to limit SMG mucus secretion/release. Using proline-rich protein 4 (PRR4) as a biomarker of SMG secretion, CF sputum proteomics analyses revealed markedly lower PRR4 levels compared to healthy and bronchiectasis controls, consistent with a failure of CF SMGs to secrete mucus onto airway surfaces. Raised mucus osmotic/cohesive forces, reflecting mucus hyperconcentration, provide a unifying mechanism that describes disease-initiating mucus accumulation on airway surfaces and in SMGs of the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giorgia Radicioni
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Micah J. Papanikolas
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Georgi V. Stoychev
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R. Markovetz
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Melody Porterfield
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cameron B. Morrison
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimberlie A. Burns
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen K. White
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tara A. Brennan
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henry P. Goodell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Holly Thacker
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henry T. Loznev
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Forsberg
- Protein Expression and Purification Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott H. Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David B. Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen T. Ballard
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ronit Freeman
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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44
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Bain CC, MacDonald AS. The impact of the lung environment on macrophage development, activation and function: diversity in the face of adversity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:223-234. [PMID: 35017701 PMCID: PMC8749355 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has been somewhat of a renaissance period for the field of macrophage biology. This renewed interest, combined with the advent of new technologies and development of novel model systems to assess different facets of macrophage biology, has led to major advances in our understanding of the diverse roles macrophages play in health, inflammation, infection and repair, and the dominance of tissue environments in influencing all of these areas. Here, we discuss recent developments in our understanding of lung macrophage heterogeneity, ontogeny, metabolism and function in the context of health and disease, and highlight core conceptual advances and key unanswered questions that we believe should be focus of work in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum C Bain
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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45
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Kishimoto H, Miyazaki K, Tedzuka H, Ozawa R, Kobayashi H, Shirasaka Y, Inoue K. Utilization of Sodium Nitroprusside as an Intestinal Permeation Enhancer for Lipophilic Drug Absorption Improvement in the Rat Proximal Intestine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216396. [PMID: 34770805 PMCID: PMC8587071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As advanced synthetic technology has enabled drug candidate development with complex structure, resulting in low solubility and membrane permeability, the strategies to improve poorly absorbed drug bioavailability have attracted the attention of pharmaceutical companies. It has been demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO), a vital signaling molecule that plays an important role in various physiological systems, affects intestinal drug absorption. However, NO and its oxidants are directly toxic to the gastrointestinal tract, thereby limiting their potential clinical application as absorption enhancers. In this study, we show that sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an FDA-approved vasodilator, enhances the intestinal absorption of lipophilic drugs in the proximal parts of the small intestine in rats. The SNP pretreatment of the rat gastrointestinal sacs significantly increased griseofulvin and flurbiprofen permeation in the duodenum and jejunum but not in the ileum and colon. These SNP-related enhancement effects were attenuated by the co-pretreatment with dithiothreitol or c-PTIO, an NO scavenger. The permeation-enhancing effects were not observed in the case of antipyrine, theophylline, and propranolol in the duodenum and jejunum. Furthermore, the SNP treatment significantly increased acidic glycoprotein release from the mucosal layers specifically in the duodenum and jejunum but not in the ileum and colon. These results suggest that SNP increases lipophilic drug membrane permeability specifically in the proximal region of the small intestine through disruption of the mucosal layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanao Kishimoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Kaori Miyazaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Tedzuka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Ryosuke Ozawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Hanai Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Katsuhisa Inoue
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-676-3126
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