1
|
Beers BG, Corbee RJ, Veraa S, Hartmann A, Geiger C, Schauerte N, Sonsbeek LGRBV. CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF THE FREQUENCY AND ETIOLOGY OF ATAXIA IN ASIATIC LIONS ( PANTHERA LEO PERSICA) BETWEEN 2002 AND 2020. J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 55:653-664. [PMID: 39255206 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) is an endangered species with a slowly increasing captive and wild population. Several zoos from within the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria Ex Situ Program reported Asiatic lions with neurological signs such as (progressive) ataxia, and stargazing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency (prevalence and incidence) and etiology of these clinical signs within the captive Asiatic lion population. The medical history of 74 Asiatic lions (36 healthy and 38 affected) was retrieved and reviewed for blood tests (biochemical, hematological, and retinol), diagnostic imaging (MRI and CT scans) and postmortem examinations. The data of the affected lions was compared with those of healthy lions. Between 2002 and 2020, the prevalence of ataxia ranged from 0.6% in 2004 to 13.0% in 2020. The incidence of ataxia was variable per year between 2002 and 2020 and ranged between 0 and 40%. Besides ataxia, stiffness and lameness were the most described signs in this study. Blood results showed lower total protein, ALT and creatinine, and higher phosphate in lions with neurological signs. Moreover, neurologically affected lions showed a significant lower blood retinol than the control lions (0.59-0.81 µmol/L). The most important finding in diagnostic imaging and necropsy included caudal fossa hyperostosis and cerebellar herniation. These abnormalities are similar as found in African lions (Panthera leo) with calvarial hyperostosis syndrome associated with vitamin A deficiency. Leucomyelopathy, syringomyelia (in one case combined with cerebellar herniation) and incidental mineralization of the dura mater were also described. A possible congenital/hereditary component should not be excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baukje G Beers
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Rotterdam Zoo, 3041 JG, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Corbee
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Veraa
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akter J, Nath C, Hossain MS, Ahaduzzaman M. The coding complete genomic sequence of a feline panleukopenia virus detected from a domestic cat ( Felis catus) in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0020924. [PMID: 38980044 PMCID: PMC11320944 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00209-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The coding complete genome sequence of the feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV), detected from an indigenous cat in Bangladesh, has been determined. The genome spans 4,842 bp and contains four protein-coding genes. The genome will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the genetic traits and evolutionary trends of FPLV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesmin Akter
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Nath
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hossain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahaduzzaman
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma H, Hao J, Li W, Yu K, Zhu K, Yang M, Cao S, Xue H, Liu D, Song Y, Zhang S, Zhang X, Sun Z, Gao X. Evaluation of feline mesenchymal stem cell susceptibility to feline viruses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18598. [PMID: 39127765 PMCID: PMC11316800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline mesenchymal stem cells (fMSCs) are well known for their robust differentiation capabilities and are commonly used in studying immune-related diseases in cats. Despite their importance, the susceptibility of fMSCs to viral infections remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the susceptibility of feline adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (fAD-MSCs) and feline umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (fUC-MSCs) to common feline viruses, including feline coronavirus (FCoV), feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). The results demonstrated that both FCoV and FHV-1 were able to infect both types of cells, while FPV did not exhibit cytopathic effects on fUC-MSCs. Furthermore, all three viruses were successfully isolated from fAD-MSCs. These findings suggest that certain feline viruses can replicate in fMSCs, indicating potential limitations in using fMSCs for treating viral diseases caused by these specific viruses. This study has important clinical implications for veterinarians, particularly in the management of viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Ma
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Jingrui Hao
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Kunru Zhu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Shuoning Cao
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Haowen Xue
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yanhao Song
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xifeng Zhang
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mira F, Schirò G, Giudice E, Purpari G, Origgi F, Vicari D, Di Pietro S, Antoci F, Gucciardi F, Geraci F, Talarico V, Guercio A. Viral pathogens in domestic cats in southern Italy: A retrospective analysis in Sicily, 2020-2022. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 111:102209. [PMID: 38880052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A retrospective study was carried out on selected feline viral pathogens detected in domestic cat in Sicily, southern Italy. Samples from 64 cats, collected from 2020 to 2022, were analysed for the presence of feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), feline coronavirus (FCoV), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus type 1, norovirus (NoV), and rotavirus (RoV). Single (45 %) or mixed (38 %) viral infections were detected. FPV, related with other Italian FPV strains, remains the main viral cause of infection (66 %). CPV-2c Asian lineage strains (3 %) were detected for the first time in domestic cats in Europe. FCoV (29.6 %), either enteric or systemic, and systemic FCV (18.7 %) infections were detected in positive cats. Less commonly reported viruses (GIV.2/GVI.2 NoVs, RoV), potentially related to the animal/human interface, were detected at lower rates as well (5 %). The present epidemiological data suggest the need to improve disease prevention, immunization, and biosecurity strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy; Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy; Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Francesco Origgi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Simona Di Pietro
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Francesco Geraci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Virginia Talarico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu Z, Wang W, Yu C, He L, Ding K, Shang K, Chen S. Molecular Characterization of Feline Parvovirus from Domestic Cats in Henan Province, China from 2020 to 2022. Vet Sci 2024; 11:292. [PMID: 39057976 PMCID: PMC11281718 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11070292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus-1, feline parvovirus (FPV), and canine parvovirus (CPV) continue to spread in companion animals all over the world. As a result, FPV and CPV underwent host-to-host transfer in carnivorous wild-animal hosts. Here, a total of 82 fecal samples of suspected cat FPV infections were collected from Henan Province from 2020 to 2022. The previously published full-length sequence primers of VP2 and NS1 genes were used to amplify the targeted genes of these samples, and the complete gene sequences of 11 VP2 and 21 NS1 samples were obtained and analyzed. Analysis showed that the amino acid homology of the VP2 and NS1 genes of these isolates was 96.1-100% and 97.6-100%, respectively. The phylogenetic results showed that the VP2 and NS1 genes of the local isolates were mainly concentrated in the G1 subgroup, while the vaccine strains were distributed in the G3 subgroup. Finally, F81 cells were inoculated with the local endemic isolate Luoyang-01 (FPV-LY strain for short) for virus amplification, purification, and titer determination, and the pathogenesis of FPV-LY was detected. After five generations of blind transmission in F81 cells, cells infected with FPV-LY displayed characteristic morphological changes, including a round, threadlike, and wrinkled appearance, indicative of viral infection. The virus titer associated with this cytopathic effect (CPE) was measured at 1.5 × 106 TCID50/mL. Subsequent animal regression tests confirmed that the virus titer of the PFV-LY isolate remained at 1.5 × 106 TCID50/mL, indicating its highly pathogenic nature. Cats exposed to the virus exhibited typical clinical symptoms and pathological changes, ultimately succumbing to the infection. These results suggest that the gene mutation rate of FPV is increasing, resulting in a complex pattern of gene evolution in terms of host preference, geographical selection, and novel genetic variants. The data also indicate that continuous molecular epidemiological surveillance is required to understand the genetic diversity of FPV isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhua Yu
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (Z.Y.)
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (Z.Y.)
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Pet & Human Health Engineering Technology Center, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang 471900, China
| | - Lei He
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (Z.Y.)
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (Z.Y.)
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (Z.Y.)
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Songbiao Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (Z.Y.)
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chanachaivirada R, Chuammitri P, Lampa KN, Prachasilchai W, Sodarat C. Therapeutic Effects of Propionibacterium acnes and Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli in Cats with Feline Panleukopenia. Vet Sci 2024; 11:253. [PMID: 38922001 PMCID: PMC11209590 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of inactivated Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide derived from Escherichia coli cells in cats affected by feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). A retrospective study of 80 FPV-positive cats was divided into two groups: a treatment group receiving inactivated Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide derived from Escherichia coli cells along with supportive treatment and a no-treatment group receiving only supportive treatment. There was no significant difference in the total white blood cell counts between the two groups. However, the total white blood cell counts of both groups were low on day 0 and increased significantly on days 3 and 6 of treatment. Additionally, the white blood cell counts in the treatment group significantly increased during days 3 to 6 compared with those of the no-treatment group (p < 0.01). The mortality rate was not significantly different between the two groups. In a prospective study, the serum and fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were measured in both groups. There were no significant differences in IgA levels between the two groups in either the serum or feces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rattanakhon Chanachaivirada
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (R.C.); (K.N.L.); (W.P.)
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Kannika Na Lampa
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (R.C.); (K.N.L.); (W.P.)
| | - Worapat Prachasilchai
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (R.C.); (K.N.L.); (W.P.)
| | - Chollada Sodarat
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (R.C.); (K.N.L.); (W.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Citarová A, Mojžišová J, Petroušková P, Pelegrinová A, Kostičák M, Korytár L, Prokeš M, Vojtek B, Ondrejková A, Drážovská M. Investigation of canine parvovirus occurrence in cats with clinical signs of feline panleukopenia in Slovakia - pilot study. J Vet Res 2024; 68:199-205. [PMID: 38947159 PMCID: PMC11210359 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feline panleukopenia is a contagious viral disease caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). A closely related pathogen is canine parvovirus (CPV), and amino acid substitutions in this virus allow it to acquire a feline host range. In feline hosts, the disease induced by CPV manifests with similar symptoms to those caused by FPV or milder ones, leading to its underdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of CPV type 2 (CPV-2) in cats with clinical symptoms of panleukopenia and to assess the use of commercial CPV antigen tests for the clinical diagnosis of FPV. Material and Methods Samples from 59 cats from central Slovakia were included in the study. Rectal swabs were collected and clinically tested for parvovirus infection using a commercial antigen test. Antigen-positive samples were confirmed by PCR targeting the viral VP2 gene. The sequences of the PCR products were established with the Sanger method. Results Of 59 samples, 23 were revealed to be positive for parvovirus infection by both antigen and PCR test (38.9%). Analysis with the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLASTn application showed 99.78-100% pairwise identity with FPV. The mortality rate of parvovirus-infected cats included in this study was 8.69% (2/23). Conclusion Although feline disease with CPV-2 was not confirmed, the CPV antigen test was able to detect FPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Citarová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Mojžišová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrícia Petroušková
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Pelegrinová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Maroš Kostičák
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - L’uboš Korytár
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Marián Prokeš
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Boris Vojtek
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Ondrejková
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Drážovská
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li L, Liu Z, Liang R, Yang M, Yan Y, Jiao Y, Jiao Z, Hu X, Li M, Shen Z, Peng G. Novel mutation N588 residue in the NS1 protein of feline parvovirus greatly augments viral replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0009324. [PMID: 38591899 PMCID: PMC11092363 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00093-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline parvovirus (FPV) infection is highly fatal in felines. NS1, which is a key nonstructural protein of FPV, can inhibit host innate immunity and promote viral replication, which is the main reason for the severe pathogenicity of FPV. However, the mechanism by which the NS1 protein disrupts host immunity and regulates viral replication is still unclear. Here, we identified an FPV M1 strain that is regulated by the NS1 protein and has more pronounced suppression of innate immunity, resulting in robust replication. We found that the neutralization titer of the FPV M1 strain was significantly lower than that of the other strains. Moreover, FPV M1 had powerful replication ability, and the FPV M1-NS1 protein had heightened efficacy in repressing interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression. Subsequently, we constructed an FPV reverse genetic system, which confirmed that the N588 residue of FPV M1-NS1 protein is a key amino acid that bolsters viral proliferation. Recombinant virus containing N588 also had stronger ability to inhibit ISGs, and lower ISGs levels promoted viral replication and reduced the neutralization titer of the positive control serum. Finally, we confirmed that the difference in viral replication was abolished in type I IFN receptor knockout cell lines. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the N588 residue of the NS1 protein is a critical amino acid that promotes viral proliferation by increasing the inhibition of ISGs expression. These insights provide a reference for studying the relationship between parvovirus-mediated inhibition of host innate immunity and viral replication while facilitating improved FPV vaccine production.IMPORTANCEFPV infection is a viral infectious disease with the highest mortality rate in felines. A universal feature of parvovirus is its ability to inhibit host innate immunity, and its ability to suppress innate immunity is mainly accomplished by the NS1 protein. In the present study, FPV was used as a viral model to explore the mechanism by which the NS1 protein inhibits innate immunity and regulates viral replication. Studies have shown that the FPV-NS1 protein containing the N588 residue strongly inhibits the expression of host ISGs, thereby increasing the viral proliferation titer. In addition, the presence of the N588 residue can increase the proliferation titer of the strain 5- to 10-fold without affecting its virulence and immunogenicity. In conclusion, our findings provide new insights and guidance for studying the mechanisms by which parvoviruses suppress innate immunity and for developing high-yielding FPV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhou Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He M, Feng S, Shi K, Shi Y, Long F, Yin Y, Li Z. One-step triplex TaqMan quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of feline coronavirus, feline panleukopenia virus, and feline leukemia virus. Vet World 2024; 17:946-955. [PMID: 38911097 PMCID: PMC11188903 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.946-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Feline coronavirus (FCoV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are prevalent throughout China and significantly threaten cat health. These viruses cause similar manifestations and pathological damage. Rapid and accurate diagnosis depends on detection in the laboratory. This study aimed to establish a reliable and rapid method for accurate detection of FCoV, FPV, and FeLV so that a definite diagnosis can be made and effective measures can be taken to prevent and control viral infection. Materials and Methods We designed three pairs of specific primers and probes for the detection of FCoV 5' untranslated region, FPV viral protein 2, and FeLV pol genes. Recombinant plasmid constructs were generated for use as standard plasmid constructs. Optimal reaction conditions, including primer and probe concentrations, reaction cycles, and annealing temperatures, were obtained on the basis of optimization tests. One-step triplex real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was successfully established to simultaneously detect FCoV, FPV, and FeLV. The specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability of the assay were analyzed, and its applicability was validated by testing 1175 clinical samples. Results One-step triplex RT-qPCR had a high degree of specificity only for the detection of FCoV, FPV, and FeLV; it had high sensitivity with limits of detection of 139.904, 143.099, and 152.079 copies/reaction for p-FCoV, p-FPV, and p-FeLV standard plasmid constructs, respectively, and it had reliable repeatability with 0.06%-0.87% intra-assay coefficients of variations. A total of 1175 clinical samples were examined for FCoV, FPV, and FeLV using triplex RT-qPCR, and the FCoV, FPV, and FeLV positivity rates were 18.47%, 19.91%, and 47.57%, respectively. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of one-step triplex RT-qPCR were 93.07% and 97.99%, respectively. Conclusion We developed a rapid and reliable one-step triplex RT-qPCR method for the detection of FCoV, FPV, and FeLV, which could be used as a diagnostic tool for clinical monitoring and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi He
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Shuping Feng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yandi Shi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Feng Long
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yanwen Yin
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zongqiang Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chukwudozie KI, Wang H, Wang X, Lu C, Xue J, Zhang W, Shan T. Viral metagenomic analysis reveals diverse viruses and a novel bocaparvovirus in the enteric virome of snow leopard ( Panthera uncia). Heliyon 2024; 10:e29799. [PMID: 38681641 PMCID: PMC11053277 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The enteric virome, comprising a complex community of viruses inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, plays a significant role in health and disease dynamics. In this study, the fecal sample of a wild snow leopard was subjected to viral metagenomic analysis using a double barcode Illumina MiSeq platform. The resulting reads were de novo assembled into contigs with SOAPdenovo2 version r240. Additional bioinformatic analysis of the assembled genome and genome annotation was done using the Geneious prime software (version 2022.0.2). Following viral metagenomic analysis and bioinformatic analysis, a total of 7 viral families and a novel specie of bocaparvovirus tentatively named Panthera uncia bocaparvovirus (PuBOV) with GenBank accession number OQ627713 were identified. The complete genome of PuBOV was predicted to contain 3 open reading frames (ORFs), contains 5433 nucleotides and has a G + C content of 47.40 %. BLASTx analysis and pairwise sequence comparison indicated the novel virus genome was a new species in the genus Bocaparvovirus based on the species demarcation criteria of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses. This study provides valuable insights into the diversity and composition of the enteric virome in wild endangered snow leopards. The identification and characterization of viruses in wildlife is crucial for developing effective strategies to manage and mitigate potential zoonotic and other viral disease threats to human and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Ikechukwu Chukwudozie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang. Zip code: 212300, PR China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Zip code: 410001, PR China
| | - Haoning Wang
- Heilongjiang cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research key laboratory, school of geography and tourism, Harbin university, 109 zhongxing Road, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang province, PR China
- School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang province, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Wildlife Diseases and Biosecurity Management of Heilongjiang Province. Zip code: 154100, PR China
| | - Chunying Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang. Zip code: 212300, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Xue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang. Zip code: 212300, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang. Zip code: 212300, PR China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Department of Swine Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Domingues CF, de Castro TX, do Lago BV, Garcia RDCNC. Genetic characterization of the parvovirus full-length VP2 gene in domestic cats in Brazil. Res Vet Sci 2024; 170:105186. [PMID: 38368749 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Feline parvovirus (FPV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) are over 98% identical in their DNA sequences, and the new variants of CPV (2a/2b/2c) have gained the ability to infect and replicate in cats. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity in the VP2 gene of parvovirus strains circulating in domestic cats in Brazil during a 10-year period (2008-2017). For parvovirus screening, specific PCR was performed, and 25 (34.7%) of 72 cats tested positive. The PCR-positive samples were further subjected to full-length VP2 sequencing (1755 bp), and eight sequences (36%) were characterized as FPV, seven (28%) as CPV-2a and (32%) nine (36%) as CPV-2b. One sequence (RJ1085/11) showing typical CPV amino acid (aa) at residues 80 R, 93 N, 103 A, 232 I, and 323 N could not be characterized at this time. The sequences in this study displayed aa changes previously described for FPV (A14T, A91S, I101T, N564S, and A568G) from cats and CPV-2a/2b (S297N and Y324L) from dogs. However, the Y324L mutation has not yet been reported in any CPV-2a/2b strains from cats. Phylogenetic analysis supported the division of these sequences into two well-defined clades, clade 1 for FPV and clade 2 for CPV2a/2b. Unusually, the sequence RJ1085/11 was grouped separately. Two recombination breakpoints were detected by Bootscan and 3Seq methods implemented in the RDP4. This study is the first report of CPV-2a/2b in cats in Brazil. The detection of FPV strains with mutations characteristic of CPV indicates that Brazilian FPV strains have undergone genetic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Fonseca Domingues
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Alameda Barros Terra S/N, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Xavier de Castro
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Alameda Barros Terra S/N, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Vieira do Lago
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Nasser Cubel Garcia
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Alameda Barros Terra S/N, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Milićević V, Glišić D, Veljović L, Vasić A, Milovanović B, Kureljušić B, Paunović M. Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 infection of golden jackals Canis aureus in Serbia. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1203-1209. [PMID: 37932576 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Parvoviruses are among the major animal pathogens that can cause considerable health disorders ranging from subclinical to lethal in domestic and wild animals. Golden jackal (Canis aureus), an expanding European species, is a reservoir of many pathogens, including vector-borne diseases and zoonoses. Given the importance of parvovirus infections in dogs and cats, this study aimed to unfold the virus prevalence and molecular characterisation in the golden jackal population in Serbia. The spleen samples from 68 hunted jackals during 2022/2023 were tested for the VP2-specific genome region of Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 by PCR. BLAST analysis of partial VP2 sequences obtained from three animals (4.4%) revealed the highest similarity to Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1, genogroup Feline panleukopenia virus, which is the second report on FPV infection in jackals. Based on specific amino acid residues within partial VP2, the jackals' Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 was also classified as FPV. One jackal's strain showed two synonymous mutations at positions 699 and 1167. Although species cross-transmission could not be established, jackals' health should be maintained by preventing the transmission of viruses to native species and vice versa. Although jackals are considered pests, their role as natural cleaners is of greater importance. Therefore, further monitoring of their health is needed to understand the influence of infectious diseases on population dynamics and to determine the relationship between domestic predators and jackals and the direction of cross-species transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Milićević
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, Belgrade, 11000, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Dimitrije Glišić
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, Belgrade, 11000, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Veljović
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, Belgrade, 11000, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ana Vasić
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, Belgrade, 11000, Republic of Serbia
| | - Bojan Milovanović
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, Belgrade, 11000, Republic of Serbia
| | - Branislav Kureljušić
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, Belgrade, 11000, Republic of Serbia
| | - Milan Paunović
- Natural History Museum, Njegoševa 51, Belgrade, 11111, Republic of Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li S, Huo X, Mu Y, Liu X, Wu J, Chen Y, Wang Y. TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of feline chaphamaparvovirus. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:61. [PMID: 38344284 PMCID: PMC10850043 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline chaphamaparvovirus (FeChPV) is a new viral strain detected in Chinese Mainland in recent years. The symptoms mainly include diarrhea and bloody stool in young cats, which can lead to death in severe cases. In this study, a TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) with specific primers and TaqMan probes based on the VP1 gene sequence of FeChPV was performed to detect the virus. The established qPCR indicated that there is no cross-reaction of FeChPV with other common feline viruses. The minimum detection limit of the established qPCR method is 3.75 × 10 copies/µL, while conventional PCR is 3.75 × 103 copies/µL. The result that the proposed qPCR protocol was shown to be 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. The correlation coefficients exceeded 0.995, and the amplification efficiency was 98%. The difference within and between groups is less than 5%, indicating that the established method has good repeatability. The results of clinical sample detection shown that 16 positive samples were detected from 45 stool samples by the established qPCR method. The conventional PCR method only detected 3 positive samples. In conclusion, the established qPCR method is fast and effective in identifying FeChPV, with higher specificity and sensitivity. It could be used as a diagnostic tool to quantitatively detect the virus content, which is conducive to disease monitoring and epidemiological investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xie Q, Sun Z, Xue X, Pan Y, Zhen S, Liu Y, Zhan J, Jiang L, Zhang J, Zhu H, Yu X, Zhang X. China-origin G1 group isolate FPV072 exhibits higher infectivity and pathogenicity than G2 group isolate FPV027. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1328244. [PMID: 38288138 PMCID: PMC10822907 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1328244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feline parvovirus (FPV), a single-stranded DNA virus, is accountable for causing feline panleukopenia, a highly contagious and often lethal disease that primarily affects cats. The epidemiology prevalence and pathogenicity of FPV in certain regions of China, however, remains unclear. The aim of this research was to investigate the epidemiology of FPV in different regions of China in 2021 and compare its infectivity and pathogenicity. Methods In this research, a total of 36 FPV strains were obtained from diverse regions across China. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the VP2 and NS1 sequences, and two representative strains, FPV027 and FPV072, which belonged to different branches, were selected for comparative assessment of infectivity and pathogenicity. Results and discussion The results revealed that all strains were phylogenetically classified into two groups, G1 and G2, with a higher prevalence of G1 strains in China. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that FPV072 (G1 group) exhibited enhanced infectivity and pathogenicity compared to FPV027 (G2 Group). The structural alignment of the VP2 protein between the two viruses revealed mutations in residues 91, 232, and 300 that may contribute to differences in infectivity and pathogenicity. The findings from these observations will contribute significantly to the overall understanding of the molecular epidemiology of FPV in China and facilitate the development of an effective FPV vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Xiu Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Yajie Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Shuye Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Jiuyu Zhan
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dall’Ara P, Lauzi S, Turin L, Servida F, Barbieri L, Zambarbieri J, Mazzotti G, Granatiero F, Scarparo E, Mirabile A, Bo S, Filipe J. Prevalence of Serum Antibody Titers against Core Vaccine Antigens in Italian Cats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2249. [PMID: 38137850 PMCID: PMC10744740 DOI: 10.3390/life13122249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline core vaccines strongly recommended for all cats are against Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), Felid herpesvirus type 1 (FeHV-1), and Feline calicivirus (FCV), but cats can be classified as low- and high-risk based on their lifestyle. The aim of this study was to determine the actual seroprotection against FPV, FeHV-1, and FCV in a large cohort of Italian cats by using the VacciCheck test. A total of 740 cats (567 owned and 173 stray cats; 435 vaccinated and 305 unvaccinated) were analyzed for Protective Antibody Titers (PATs). Differences related to origin, sex, age, breed, FIV/FeLV status, health status, and time elapsed since last vaccination were evaluated. Less than half of the entire cohort (36.4%) had PATs for all three diseases simultaneously, increasing to 48.6% if weak positive values were also considered and 50.3% when considering only the 435 vaccinated cats. Particularly, antibodies were detected against FCV, FPV, and FeHV-1 at protective titers (PATs) in 78.6%, 68.1, and 49.1% of the cats, respectively. In general, owned, neutered, and adult FIV- and/or FeLV-negative cats were the most protected categories, even if not always for the three viruses. Most cats maintained high PATs for 3 years or longer after vaccination against FPV and FCV but not FeHV-1. Long-lasting protective immunity persisted for many years after the last vaccination (more than 18 years in the oldest cats). Nevertheless, since not all cats were protected after so many years and for all pathogens, checking protection via antibody titration could be the best choice to prevent immunity breakdowns. The discussion also focuses on the reliability of antibody titration for the two URTD (upper respiratory tract disease) viruses which, unlike for FPV, is not widely accepted as a valid index of protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dall’Ara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy (J.F.)
| | - Stefania Lauzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy (J.F.)
| | - Lauretta Turin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy (J.F.)
| | - Francesco Servida
- Clinica Veterinaria Pegaso, Via Dante Alighieri 169, 22070 Rovello Porro, CO, Italy
| | - Laura Barbieri
- Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Via Gerolamo Rovetta 8, 20127 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Jari Zambarbieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy (J.F.)
| | - Giulia Mazzotti
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Mazzotti, Via Papa Giovanni XXIII 93, 24054 Calcio, BG, Italy
| | | | - Elena Scarparo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy (J.F.)
| | - Aurora Mirabile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy (J.F.)
| | - Stefano Bo
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Bo-Ferro, Via Fratelli Calandra 3, 10123 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy (J.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vojtkovská V, Lobová D, Voslářová E, Večerek V. Impact of the Application of Gaseous Ozone on Selected Pathogens Found in Animal Shelters and Other Facilities. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3230. [PMID: 37893954 PMCID: PMC10603661 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Correctly selecting disinfection procedures is crucial in facilities housing a high number of animals as it directly affects their health. The aim of this study was to verify the virucidal effect of gaseous ozone delivered by commercially available generators under controlled experimental conditions on a selection of viral pathogens (feline coronavirus, canine coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline parvovirus) commonly found in shelters and other facilities. Two ozone generators with outputs of 3.5 g/h and 20 g/h were used to produce ozone. Virus viability after the application of ozone was evaluated by examining for typical pathogen-specific cytopathic effects on the CRFK (Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney) cell line post-incubation. No cytopathic effect was observed in feline coronavirus after the 2-h application of ozone; in canine coronavirus, the absence of a cytopathic effect was observed after the 4-h application of ozone. The absence of a cytopathic effect in feline calicivirus was observed after the 6-h application of ozone; the viability of feline parvovirus was not impaired even by the 6-h application of ozone. The results of the study confirm lower resistance to the application of gaseous ozone in enveloped viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vojtkovská
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Dana Lobová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Eva Voslářová
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Vladimír Večerek
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.V.); (V.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao S, Hu H, Lan J, Yang Z, Peng Q, Yan L, Luo L, Wu L, Lang Y, Yan Q. Characterization of a fatal feline panleukopenia virus derived from giant panda with broad cell tropism and zoonotic potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1237630. [PMID: 37662912 PMCID: PMC10469695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Represented by feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus (CPV), the species carnivore protoparvovirus 1 has a worldwide distribution through continuous ci13rculation in companion animals such as cats and dogs. Subsequently, both FPV and CPV had engaged in host-to-host transfer to other wild animal hosts of the order Carnivora. In the present study, we emphasized the significance of cross-species transmission of parvoviruses with the isolation and characterization of an FPV from giant panda displaying severe and fatal symptoms. The isolated virus, designated pFPV-sc, displayed similar morphology as FPV, while phylogenetic analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence of pFPV-sc clades with Chinese FPV isolates. Despite pFPV-sc is seemingly an outcome of a spillover infection event from domestic cats to giant pandas, our study also provided serological evidence that FPV or other parvoviruses closely related to FPV could be already prevalent in giant pandas in 2011. Initiation of host transfer of pFPV-sc is likely with association to giant panda transferrin receptor (TfR), as TfR of giant panda shares high homology with feline TfR. Strikingly, our data also indicate that pFPV-sc can infect cell lines of other mammal species, including humans. To sum up, observations from this study shall promote future research of cross-host transmission and antiviral intervention of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, and necessitate surveillance studies in thus far unacknowledged potential reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanyuan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingchao Lan
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Qianling Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liheng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Luo
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Lang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pan S, Jiao R, Xu X, Ji J, Guo G, Yao L, Kan Y, Xie Q, Bi Y. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of parvoviruses prevalent in cats in Central and Eastern China from 2018 to 2022. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1218810. [PMID: 37601752 PMCID: PMC10434225 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1218810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cats are a potential source of genetic diversity for parvoviruses. Herein, 134 samples were collected from cats with clinical gastroenteritis and analyzed for the presence of viral DNA via polymerase chain reaction, which revealed 48 positive samples. Identity analysis of VP2 nucleotide sequences indicated that these 48 strains, belonging to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2; including new CPV-2a and CPV-2c genotypes), shared 94.59-99.94% nucleotide identity with the reference strains. The FPV strain F8 (isolated from Vietnam) appeared to be a recombinant of strains HB2003 and JS1901, whereas the Chinese CPV-2b strain BM-(11) isolated in 2011 was believed to be a recombinant of strains AH2008 and JS1901. In phylogenetic tree analysis based on VP2 nucleotide sequences, all obtained FPV strains and most reference FPV strains were clustered together, except strain BJ-22, which originated from monkeys. Further, two new CPV-2a strains (AH2005 and AH2008) were close to the newly reported Chinese CPV-2a strains but were distant from the other CPV-2a strains, namely CPV-339 (from the United States) and K022 (from South Korea). Additionally, the FPV and CPV-2 strains had high mutation rates in the antigenic regions of the VP2 protein. According to model prediction of the CPV-VP2 protein, these mutations may cause changes in the tertiary structure of VP2. The findings of this study can be used to improve the pre-evaluation of vaccination efficacy against diseases caused by FPV and CPV-2 in domestic cats and understand their genotypic transmission and mutation trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Pan
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Ruiqi Jiao
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Ge Guo
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Peng Q, Yang Z, Wu L, Yu P, Li Q, Lan J, Luo L, Zhao S, Yan Q. Evaluation of the Inactivation Efficacy of Four Disinfectants for Feline Parvovirus Derived from Giant Panda. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1844. [PMID: 37513017 PMCID: PMC10386643 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia (FPL) is a highly contagious acute infectious disease caused by feline parvovirus (FPV). FPV has also been found in giant pandas with clinical signs of vomiting and mild diarrhea, posing a threat to this vulnerable species. Cleaning and disinfection may be one of the most efficacious ways to prevent FPV spread in the habitat of giant pandas. This study evaluated the inactivation effect of peracetic acid (PAA), povidone-iodine (PVP-I), glutaral and deciquam solution (JM) and Virkon S. The tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) assay indicated that the virus may be totally inactivated by JM, PAA and Virkon S. Meanwhile, the hemagglutination (HA) assay showed a high inactivation efficiency of PAA and Virkon S. The analysis of Western blot revealed that PAA, Virkon S and JM can inhibit the structural protein synthesis. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that PAA could rapidly and efficiently inactivate FPV, representing an efficacious disinfectant for FPV control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhisong Yang
- Institute of Giant Panda Science of Sichuan, Chengdu 610084, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Institute of Giant Panda Science of Sichuan, Chengdu 610084, China
| | - Peilun Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingchao Lan
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Li Luo
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pacini MI, Forzan M, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Fornai M, Bertelloni F, Sgorbini M, Cantile C, Mazzei M. Feline Parvovirus Lethal Outbreak in a Group of Adult Cohabiting Domestic Cats. Pathogens 2023; 12:822. [PMID: 37375512 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious and often fatal disease in cats. The virus, known as feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), primarily affects kittens and unvaccinated cats. It is transmitted through contact with infected cats or their bodily fluids, as well as contaminated objects and environments. The diagnosis of FPV infection can be confirmed through a combination of clinical signs, blood tests, and fecal testing. Prevention through vaccination is recommended for all cats. This case report describes an outbreak of feline panleukopenia in a group of unvaccinated domestic cats that resulted in acute mortality. The lesions were evaluated using histopathology, and the specific viral strain was characterized using molecular techniques. The clinical course of the outbreak was peracute, with a hemorrhagic pattern and 100% of lethality. The observed clinical-pathological pattern was unusual; nevertheless, molecular studies did not highlight peculiar genomic features of the parvovirus isolate. The outbreak affected 3 out of 12 cats in a very short time. However, the prompt application of biosecurity measures and vaccination resulted in an effective interruption of virus spread. In conclusion, we could assume that the virus found the ideal conditions to infect and replicate at high titers, resulting in a particularly aggressive outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Irene Pacini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Milena Fornai
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Piombinese, Via Torino 38, 57025 Piombino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Di Profio F, Sarchese V, Fruci P, Aste G, Martella V, Palombieri A, Di Martino B. Exploring the Enteric Virome of Cats with Acute Gastroenteritis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050362. [PMID: 37235445 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in cats, chiefly in younger animals. Enteric specimens collected from 29 cats with acute enteritis and 33 non-diarrhoeic cats were screened in PCRs and reverse transcription (RT) PCR for a large panel of enteric viruses, including also orphan viruses of recent identification. At least one viral species, including feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV), feline chaphamaparvovirus, calicivirus (vesivirus and novovirus), feline kobuvirus, feline sakobuvirus A and Lyon IARC polyomaviruses, was detected in 66.1% of the samples.. Co-infections were mainly accounted for by FPV and FCoV and were detected in 24.2% of the samples. The virome composition was further assessed in eight diarrhoeic samples, through the construction of sequencing libraries using a sequence-independent single-primer amplification (SISPA) protocol. The libraries were sequenced on Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing platform. A total of 41 contigs (>100 nt) were detected from seven viral families infecting mammals, included Parvoviridae, Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Anelloviridae, Papillomaviridae and Paramyxoviridae, revealing a broad variety in the composition of the feline enteric virome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Profio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sarchese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Fruci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aste
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Palombieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu C, Si F, Li H, Gao J, Sun F, Liu H, Yi J. Identification and Genome Characterization of Novel Feline Parvovirus Strains Isolated in Shanghai, China. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3628-3639. [PMID: 37185760 PMCID: PMC10136790 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is the causative agent of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in feline animals. FPV has been evolving over time, and there have been several different strains of the virus identified. Some of these strains may be more virulent or more resistant to current vaccines than others, which highlights the importance of ongoing research and monitoring of FPV evolution. For FPV genetic evolution analysis, many studies focus on the main capsid protein (VP2), but limited information is available on the nonstructural gene NS1 and structural gene VP1. In the present study, we firstly isolated two novel FPV strains circulating in Shanghai, China, and performed full-length genome sequencing for the desired strains. Subsequently, we focused on analyzing the NS1, VP1 gene, and the encoding protein, and conducted a comparative analysis among the worldwide circulating FPV and Canine parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2) strains, which included the strains isolated in this study. We found that the 2 structural viral proteins, VP1 and VP2, are splice variants, and VP1 has a 143 amino-acid-long N-terminal compared to VP2. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that divergent evolution between FPV and CPV-2 virus strains were clustered mostly by country and year of detection. In addition, much more continuous antigenic type changes happened in the process of CPV-2 circulating and evolution compared to FPV. These results stress the importance of the continuous study of viral evolution and provide a comprehensive perspective of the association between viral epidemiology and genetic evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Fusheng Si
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Fengping Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jianzhong Yi
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gilbert M, Dvornicky-Raymond Z, Bodgener J. Disease threats to tigers and their prey. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1135935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The contraction of the global tiger population over the last 100 years into small, often isolated subpopulations has made them increasingly vulnerable to the impact of disease. Despite this, the health of wild tigers continues to be insufficiently funded and explored. For example, canine distemper virus (CDV), has been associated with localized declines and increased risk of extinction, and yet has received little research attention in most tiger range countries. The emergence of new pathogenic threats has posed fresh challenges, including African swine fever virus (ASFV), which has the potential to devastate wild boar populations, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) with implications for tiger conservation that remain unknown. The objective of this review is to synthesize current research on the health of tigers and their prey that impacts the conservation of tigers in the wild. Published sources are interpreted based on three mechanisms through which disease can affect the viability of tiger populations: (1) by reducing the survival of adult tigers, (2) by reducing breeding productivity, and (3) by reducing the carrying capacity of tiger habitat through decreased prey abundance. Examples of CDV, SARS-CoV2, carnivore protoparvovirus 1 and ASFV are used to illustrate these processes and inform discussion of research and mitigation priorities.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rehme T, Hartmann K, Bergmann M. [Parvovirus infections in cats in animal shelters]. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2023; 51:107-115. [PMID: 37230115 DOI: 10.1055/a-2065-8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to widespread vaccination programs against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), the disease associated with this virus infection, feline panleukopenia, is rarely seen in privately owned cats in Germany. In contrast, the situation in animal shelters differs due to the constant intake of new cats that are often unprotected. In such facilities, panleukopenia outbreaks are common and often accompanied by a high number of fatalities. Due to the high contagiosity of the virus, some shelters do not accept cats with clinical signs suspicious for panleukopenia, since these animals can pose a risk to the shelter population. However, not only cats with panleukopenia shed parvovirus, but also healthy, asymptomatic cats can and thus contribute to risk of infection. Nevertheless, the risk for panleukopenia outbreaks in animal shelters can be reduced by rigorous outbreak management. This includes hygiene measures using correctly applied cleaning and disinfection protocols, quarantine measures, separate isolation units, as well as specific prophylactic measures, such as identification of infected animals and immunization of susceptible groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rehme
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Michèle Bergmann
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abdel-Baky MMM, El-Khabaz KAS, Abdelbaset AE, Hamed MI. Clinico-epidemiological survey of feline parvovirus circulating in three Egyptian provinces from 2020 to 2021. Arch Virol 2023; 168:126. [PMID: 36991232 PMCID: PMC10060273 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Feline parvovirus infection, caused by feline parvovirus and canine parvovirus 2, is a highly contagious, life-threatening disease affecting cats. The available epidemiological data on parvovirus infection in cats in Egypt is limited. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide data concerning the epidemiological profile of cats infected with parvovirus, including the prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats in three Egyptian provinces (Sohag, Assiut, and Cairo) and the associated risk factors. Using rapid antigen tests of fecal samples and conventional PCR, the overall prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats was found to be 35% (35/100) and 43% (43/100), respectively. Anorexia, bloody diarrhea, severe dehydration, hypothermia, and vomiting were the most common clinical findings significantly associated with parvovirus-infected cats. The geographical location (Sohag) and the season (winter) were both statistically significant risk factors for parvovirus infection. These findings indicate that parvoviruses are circulating in different regions of Egypt. Our study provides baseline epidemiological data for future preventive and control measures against parvovirus infection, as well as highlighting the need for future genomic surveillance studies involving a large study population from various parts of Egypt in order to better shape the epidemiological picture of parvovirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maha I Hamed
- Assiut University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mazzotta E, De Zan G, Cocchi M, Boniotti MB, Bertasio C, Furlanello T, Lucchese L, Ceglie L, Bellinati L, Natale A. Feline Susceptibility to Leptospirosis and Presence of Immunosuppressive Co-Morbidities: First European Report of L. interrogans Serogroup Australis Sequence Type 24 in a Cat and Survey of Leptospira Exposure in Outdoor Cats. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010054. [PMID: 36668961 PMCID: PMC9865706 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases and can infect both humans and animals worldwide. The role of the cat as a susceptible host and potential environmental reservoir of Leptospira is still not well understood, due to the lack of obvious clinical signs associated with Leptospira spp. infection in this species. This study aims to describe the first European detection of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Australis ST 24 in a young outdoor cat with a severe comorbidity (feline panleukopenia virus). In addition, the results of a preliminary study conducted in 2014-2016 are presented (RC IZSVE 16/12), which reports an investigation of Leptospira exposure of outdoor cats in Northeast Italy by means of serological investigation and molecular evaluation of urine. The animals included in the survey are part of samples collected during active and passive surveillance (diagnostic samples). The study reported a seroprevalence of 10.5% among outdoor cats and the serogroups identified were Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Bratislava, Canicola and Ballum. Symptomatic cats reported high MAT titres (ranging from 1:800 to 1:1600) towards antigens belonging to the serovars Grippotyphosa (1:800), Bratislava (1:1600), Icterohaemorrhagiae (1:200) and Copenhageni (1:200-1:800). In one subject, urine tested positive for Leptospira PCR. Cats with high antibody titres for Leptospira and/or positivity on molecular test suffered from immunosuppressive comorbidities (feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus; feline herpesvirus and lymphoma; hyperthyroidism). The overall prevalence of serum antibodies against Leptospira found in free-ranging cats (10.53%, 95% CI: 4.35-16.70%) and the identification of L. interrogans ST 24 in a young cat with immunosuppressive disease (feline panleukopenia virus) suggest the possibility of natural resistance to clinical leptospirosis in healthy cats. In a One Health perspective, further studies are needed to better define the pathogenesis of leptospirosis in cats and their epidemiological role as environmental sentinels or possible carriers of pathogenic Leptospira.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mazzotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (G.D.Z.); Tel.: +39-0498084461 (E.M.)
| | - Gabrita De Zan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (G.D.Z.); Tel.: +39-0498084461 (E.M.)
| | - Monia Cocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- National Reference Centre for Animal Leptospirosis (NRCL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Bertasio
- National Reference Centre for Animal Leptospirosis (NRCL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Furlanello
- Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory San Marco, Viale dell’Industria, 35030 Veggiano, Italy
| | - Laura Lucchese
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Letizia Ceglie
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura Bellinati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alda Natale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Glanemann B, Humm K, Pegram C, Chan DL. An investigation into an outbreak of pancytopenia in cats in the United Kingdom. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:117-125. [PMID: 36610017 PMCID: PMC9889669 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spring 2021 increasing numbers of cats presenting with severe pancytopenia were noted in United Kingdom (UK). OBJECTIVE To describe process and outcome of the investigation performed into the outbreak of pancytopenia in cats. ANIMALS Five hundred and eighty client owned cats that presented with severe bi- or pancytopenia of unknown cause. METHODS Real-time data collection was performed by an online registration forum available to all veterinary surgeons in UK. Data collected included demographics, clinicopathological findings, diagnostic testing, dietary and drug history, outcome and COVID household status. Mycotoxicological feed analysis was performed on feed samples of 3 diets frequently mentioned in the database and 3 control diets. RESULTS Five hundred and eighty cats presented to 378 veterinary practices were included for analysis. Case fatality rate was 63.3%. Dietary history was available for 544 (93.8%) cats, of which 500 (86%) were fed 1 of 3 diets (which were recalled midinvestigation). 54 (9.3%) cats were not fed a recalled product, with diet information unknown in 26 (4.5%) cats. Analysis of feed samples revealed concentrations of hematotoxic trichothecene T-2/HT-2 mycotoxins greater than recommended by the European Commission in 5/7 recalled diet samples but in none of control diet samples. The trichothecene mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) was detectable in all recalled diet samples but not in any of control samples. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Contaminated-feed induced trichothecene mycotoxicosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pancytopenia in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Glanemann
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Karen Humm
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Camilla Pegram
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Daniel L. Chan
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Glanemann B, Humm K, Abreu M, Aspinall S, Buckeridge D, Carveth H, Darcy H, Florey J, Frowde P, Gajanayake I, Green K, Holmes E, Hrovat A, Jasensky A, Jones BA, Lantzaki V, Lo EJY, MacDonald K, O'Brien K, Suárez‐Bonnet A, Van den Steen N, Szladovits B, Willems A, Wilson H. Clinical and clinicopathological features and outcomes of cats with suspected dietary induced pancytopenia. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:126-132. [PMID: 36609843 PMCID: PMC9889603 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After a strong epidemiological link to diet was established in an outbreak of pancytopenia in cats in spring 2021 in the United Kingdom, 3 dry diets were recalled. Concentrations of the hemato- and myelotoxic mycotoxins T-2, HT-2 and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) greater than the European Commission guidance for dry cat foods were detected in the recalled diets. OBJECTIVES To describe clinical and clinicopathological findings in cats diagnosed with suspected diet induced pancytopenia. ANIMALS Fifty cats presenting with pancytopenia after exposure to a recalled diet. METHODS Multicenter retrospective case series study. Cats with known exposure to 1 of the recalled diets were included if presented with bi- or pancytopenia and underwent bone marrow examination. RESULTS Case fatality rate was 78%. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsy examination results were available in 23 cats; 19 cats had a bone marrow aspirate, and 8 cats had a biopsy core, available for examination. Bone marrow hypo to aplasia-often affecting all cell lines-was the main feature in all 31 available core specimens. A disproportionately pronounced effect on myeloid and megakaryocytic cells was observed in 19 cats. Myelofibrosis or bone marrow necrosis was not a feature. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Mycotoxin induced pancytopenia should be considered as differential diagnosis in otherwise healthy cats presenting with bi- or pancytopenia and bone marrow hypo- to aplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Glanemann
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Karen Humm
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma Holmes
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | | | | | - Bryn A Jones
- Anderson Moores Veterinary SpecialistsWinchesterUK
| | - Vasiliki Lantzaki
- School of Veterinary MedicineSmall Animal Hospital, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - Kevin O'Brien
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | | | | | - Balazs Szladovits
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vojtkovská V, Kaluža M, Voslářová E, Večerek V, Tomečková L. The morbidity and the spectrum of applied drugs in shelter cats in the Czech Republic. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1025197. [PMID: 36544553 PMCID: PMC9760937 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1025197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining appropriate living conditions and good health of the animals should be one of the main priorities of cat shelters. The aim of this study was to assess the morbidity of shelter cats on the basis of analysis of the shelter health records in terms of the nature and quantity of medicaments and other supportive products administered in two no-kill shelters in the Czech Republic. The subject of the study were the health records of 1,884 cats, which were admitted to the selected shelters from 1.1.2013 to 31.12.2021 and their stay in the shelter was terminated in the monitored period. More than half of all cats whose records were analyzed had at least one health record made during their stay in the shelter. The overall length of stay of cats in the shelter (regardless of the outcome) in which one or more health records were found was significantly longer compared to the length of stay of cats without any health records. The highest number of health records was found in kittens <6 months old. Antibiotics, antiparasitics, and complementary/protective substances were the most used among all administered drugs. Broad-spectrum antibiotics have been administered to cats most often. In terms of classification of antibiotics according to the active substance, the most used antibiotics were penicillins, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Antibiotics were mostly used to treat diseases related to the upper and lower respiratory tract and their symptoms and gastrointestinal problems. The findings of the study contribute to understanding health problems and approaches to treating the shelter cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vojtkovská
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Veronika Vojtkovská
| | - Michal Kaluža
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Voslářová
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Večerek
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Tomečková
- Department of Public Veterinary Medicine and Animal Welfare, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A Retrospective Study of Viral Molecular Prevalences in Cats in Southern Italy (Campania Region). Viruses 2022; 14:v14112583. [PMID: 36423192 PMCID: PMC9699332 DOI: 10.3390/v14112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2019 to 2021, a retrospective molecular study was conducted in the Campania region (southern Italy) to determine the prevalence of viral diseases in domestic cats. A total of 328 dead animals were analyzed by Real-Time PCR for the presence of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV), rotavirus (RVA), feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), and feline calicivirus (FCV). The possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 was also investigated by Real-Time PCR. The cats included in this study were specifically sourced and referred by local veterinarians and local authorities to the Zooprofilactic Experimental Institute of Southern Italy (IZSM) for pathological evaluation. The samples consisted of owners, catteries, and stray cats. Results revealed: 73.5% positive cats for FPV (189/257), 23.6% for FeLV (21/89), 21.5% for FCoV (56/266), 11.4% for RVA (16/140), 9.05% for FeHV-1 (21/232), and 7.04 for FCV (15/213). In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 was never detected. FPV was more prevalent in winter (p = 0.0027). FCoV FHV-1, FCV, and RVA predominated in autumn, whereas FeLV predominated in summer. As expected, viral infections were found more frequently in outdoor and shelter cats than in indoor ones, although no statistical association was found between animal lifestyle and viral presence. The study showed a high prevalence of FPV, FeLV, and FCoV and a moderate prevalence of RVA, FHV-1, and FCV. Moreover, the prevalence of these pathogens varied among the cat populations investigated.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zou J, Yu J, Mu Y, Xie X, Wang R, Wu H, Liu X, Xu F, Wang J, Wang Y. Development of a TaqMan-based multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of four feline diarrhea-associated viruses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1005759. [PMID: 36406081 PMCID: PMC9669448 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1005759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their recent discovery, the prevalence of novel feline enteric viruses, including feline bocavirus 1 (FBoV-1), feline astrovirus (FeAstV), and feline kobuvirus (FeKoV), has been reported in China. Co-infections of these viruses with feline parvovirus (FPV) are common causes of diarrhea in cats. Viral co-infections are difficult to identify because of their non-specific clinical signs. To detect and identify these viruses, a quick and specific pathogen-testing approach is required. Here, we establish a real-time PCR (qPCR) based on multiple TaqMan probes for the simultaneous detection of FBoV-1, FeAstV, FeKoV, and FPV. Specific primers and TaqMan fluorescent probes were designed to ensure specificity. The results showed that the detection limit of single qPCR was up to 10 copies, and the detection limit of multiplex qPCR was up to 100 copies, with correlation coefficients >0.995 in all cases. Clinical sample detection revealed a 25.19% (34/135) total rate of co-infection among the viruses and a 1.48% (2/135) quadruple infection rate. Thus, this multiplex qPCR approach can serve as a quick, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tool for FBoV-1, FeAstV, FeKoV, and FPV identification, and it may be utilized for routine surveillance of these emerging and reemerging feline enteric viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ye J, Li Z, Sun FY, Guo L, Feng E, Bai X, Cheng Y. Development of a triple NanoPCR method for feline calicivirus, feline panleukopenia syndrome virus, and feline herpesvirus type I virus. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:379. [PMID: 36303189 PMCID: PMC9608924 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feline calicivirus (FCV), Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), and Feline herpesvirus type I (FHV-1) are the three most common pathogens in cats, and also are the main pathogens leading to the death of kittens. Here, by a combination of gold nanoparticles and conventional PCR, we established a novel triple NanoPCR molecular detection method for clinical detection. Results The triple NanoPCR molecular detection is able to detect 2.97 × 101copies/μL FCV recombinant copies plasmid per reaction, 2.64 × 104copies/μL FPV recombinant copies plasmid per reaction, and 2.85copies/μL FHV-1 recombinant copies plasmid per reaction at the same time. The sensitivity of each plasmid is 100 times, 10 times, and 100 times higher than conventional PCR, respectively. The clinical results showed that among the 38 samples, the positive rates of FCV, FPV, and FHV-1 in a NanoPCR test were 63.16, 31.58, and 60.53%, while in a conventional PCR were 39.47, 18.42, and 34.21%. Conclusions In this report, it is the first time that NanoPCR assays are applied in the detection of FCV, FPV, and FHV-1 as well. This sensitive and specific NanoPCR assay can be widely used in clinical diagnosis and field monitoring of FCV, FPV, and FHV-1 infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Ye
- grid.464373.1Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112 China
| | - Zhijie Li
- grid.464373.1Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112 China
| | - Fei Yan Sun
- grid.464373.1Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112 China
| | - Li Guo
- grid.507914.eJilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132109 China
| | - Erkai Feng
- grid.464373.1Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112 China
| | - Xue Bai
- grid.464373.1Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112 China
| | - Yuening Cheng
- grid.464373.1Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bubeníkova J, Futas J, Oppelt J, Plasil M, Vodicka R, Burger PA, Horin P. The natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) genes in the family Felidae. HLA 2022; 100:597-609. [PMID: 36056773 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system. The germline-encoded natural killer cell receptors represent activating and inhibitory receptors regulating multiple NK cell activities. The natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) are activating natural cytotoxicity triggering receptors 1, 2 and 3 (NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30), encoded by the genes NCR1, NCR2, and NCR3, respectively. NCRs may be expressed in different cell types engaged in mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity. The family Felidae, comprising the domestic cat and a wide variety of free-ranging species represents a well-suited model for biomedical and evolutionary studies. We characterized the NCR1, NCR2 and NCR3 genes in a panel of felid species. We confirmed the presence of potentially functional genes NCR1, NCR2 and NCR3 in all species. All three genes are conserved within the family and are similar to other phylogenetically related mammalian families. The NCR1 and NCR2 phylogenetic trees based on both nucleotide and protein sequences corresponded to the current zoological taxonomy, with some exceptions suggesting effects of different selection pressures in some species. Highly conserved NCR3 sequences did not allow a robust phylogenetic analysis. Most interspecific differences both at the nucleotide and protein level were found in NCR2. Within species, the most polymorphic CDS was detected in NCR1. Selection analyses indicated the effects of purifying selection on individual amino acid sites in all three genes. In stray cats, a rather high intraspecific diversity was observed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Bubeníkova
- Dept. of Animal Genetics, VETUNI Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Group Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC - VETUNI Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Futas
- Dept. of Animal Genetics, VETUNI Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Group Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC - VETUNI Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Oppelt
- Research Group Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC - VETUNI Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Plasil
- Research Group Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC - VETUNI Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pamela A Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, VETMEDUNI Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Horin
- Dept. of Animal Genetics, VETUNI Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Group Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC - VETUNI Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Van Brussel K, Wang X, Shi M, Carrai M, Feng S, Li J, Holmes EC, Beatty JA, Barrs VR. The enteric virome of cats with feline panleukopenia differs in abundance and diversity from healthy cats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2952-e2966. [PMID: 35765950 PMCID: PMC9796298 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia (FPL) is a severe, often fatal disease caused by feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). How infection with FPV might impact the composition of the entire eukaryotic enteric virome in cats has not been characterized. We used meta-transcriptomic and viral particle enrichment metagenomic approaches to characterize the enteric viromes of 23 cats naturally infected with FPV (FPV-cases) and 36 age-matched healthy shelter cats (healthy controls). Sequencing reads from mammalian infecting viral families largely belonged to the Coronaviridae, Parvoviridae and Astroviridae. The most abundant viruses among the healthy control cats were feline coronavirus, Mamastrovirus 2 and Carnivore bocaparvovirus 3 (feline bocavirus), with frequent coinfections of all three. Feline chaphamaparvovirus was only detected in healthy controls (6 out of 36, 16.7%). Among the FPV-cases, in addition to FPV, the most abundant viruses were Mamastrovirus 2, feline coronavirus and C. bocaparvovirus 4 (feline bocaparvovirus 2). The latter and feline bocaparvovirus 3 were detected significantly more frequently in FPV-cases than in healthy controls. Feline calicivirus was present in a higher proportion of FPV-cases (11 out of 23, 47.8%) compared to healthy controls (5 out of 36, 13.9%, p = 0.0067). Feline kobuvirus infections were also common among FPV-cases (9 out of 23, 39.1%) and were not detected in any healthy controls (p < .0001). While abundant in both groups, astroviruses were more frequently present in FPV-cases (19 out of 23, 82.6%) than in healthy controls (18 out of 36, p = .0142). The differences in eukaryotic virome composition revealed here indicate that further investigations are warranted to determine associations between enteric viral co-infections on clinical disease severity in cats with FPL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Van Brussel
- School of Veterinary ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Sydney Institute for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Xiuwan Wang
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina
| | - Mang Shi
- Sydney Institute for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Maura Carrai
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina
| | - Shuo Feng
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina
| | - Jun Li
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina,School of Data ScienceCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Julia A. Beatty
- School of Veterinary ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina,Centre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Vanessa R. Barrs
- School of Veterinary ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina,Centre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang J, Chen X, Zhou Y, Yue H, Zhou N, Gong H, Tang C. Prevalence and characteristics of a feline parvovirus-like virus in dogs in China. Vet Microbiol 2022; 270:109473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
36
|
Wang X, Carrai M, Van Brussel K, Feng S, Beatty JA, Shi M, Holmes EC, Li J, Barrs VR. Low Intrahost and Interhost Genetic Diversity of Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 in Domestic Cats during a Feline Panleukopenia Outbreak. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071412. [PMID: 35891392 PMCID: PMC9325248 DOI: 10.3390/v14071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia (FPL), a highly contagious and frequently fatal disease of cats, is caused by Feline parvovirus (FPV) and Canine parvovirus (CPV). We characterised the diversity of these Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 variants in 18 faecal samples collected from domestic cats with FPL during an outbreak, using targeted parvoviral DNA metagenomics to a mean depth of >10,000 × coverage per site. All samples comprised FPV alone. Compared with the reference FPV genome, isolated in 1967, 44 mutations were detected. Ten of these were nonsynonymous, including 9 in nonstructural genes and one in VP1/VP2 (Val232Ile), which was the only one to exhibit interhost diversity, being present in five sequences. There were five other polymorphic nucleotide positions, all with synonymous mutations. Intrahost diversity at all polymorphic positions was low, with subconsensus variant frequencies (SVF) of <1% except for two positions (2108 and 3208) in two samples with SVF of 1.1−1.3%. Intrahost nucleotide diversity was measured across the whole genome (0.7−1.5%) and for each gene and was highest in the NS2 gene of four samples (1.2−1.9%). Overall, intrahost viral genetic diversity was limited and most mutations observed were synonymous, indicative of a low background mutation rate and strong selective constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwan Wang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; (X.W.); (S.F.); (J.L.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maura Carrai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.C.); (J.A.B.)
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kate Van Brussel
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Shuo Feng
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; (X.W.); (S.F.); (J.L.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Julia A. Beatty
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.C.); (J.A.B.)
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Mang Shi
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Jun Li
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; (X.W.); (S.F.); (J.L.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vanessa R. Barrs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.C.); (J.A.B.)
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wilkes RP. Parvoviridae. Vet Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119650836.ch47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
38
|
Chen X, Wang J, Zhou Y, Yue H, Zhou N, Tang C. Circulation of heterogeneous Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 in diarrheal cats and prevalence of an A91S feline panleukopenia virus variant in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2913-e2925. [PMID: 35737580 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cats are susceptible to panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) infection. FPV has been recognized as relatively conservative in genetic evolution compared to CPV-2, but information regarding FPV variations in cats are still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular prevalence of FPV and CPV-2 variants among cats in China. From April 2019 to December 2021, 193 diarrheal fecal samples of cats were collected from Southwest China and 127 (65.80 %) samples tested positive to Carnivore protoparvovirus 1. FPV, CPV-2 and some their genomic variants were identified from positive samples, indicating a heterogeneous Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 circulation in the cat population in China. Among FPV strains, an A91S FPV mutant reached the detection rate of 39.37 %, which showed that this FPV genomic variant has been prevalent in the tested cats. Moreover, 7 strains of A91S FPV variants were isolated and purified successfully using F81 cells, and the genomes were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees based on the nearly complete genomic sequences, VP2 and NS1 nucleotide sequences showed that the A91S FPV variants were located in the FPV clade, but all clustered into a separate branch. Structural prediction showed that A91S mutation in VP2 protein extended the random coil of aa residues from 92-95 to 91-95. Moreover, the analysis of all complete VP2 sequences of FPV and CPV-2 available in the GenBank database revealed that the A91S FPV variant has been prevalent in China since 2017 and has reported in four other countries in cats. Thus, our study revealed that heterogeneous Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 are circulating in the cat population in China, and first reported the prevalence and genomic characteristics of the A91S FPV variant, which contributed to a better understanding of the molecular prevalence and genetic evolution of FPV in cats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxing Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Feline Panleukopenia Outbreaks and Risk Factors in Cats in Animal Shelters. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061248. [PMID: 35746719 PMCID: PMC9227120 DOI: 10.3390/v14061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for outbreaks of feline panleukopenia in shelters. (2) Methods: Four shelters (A−D) with 150 cats were included. Fecal samples were analyzed by parvovirus real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), including culture and sequencing of qPCR-positive samples. Information on cats, husbandry, hygiene, and infection management was evaluated to determine risk factors for feline panleukopenia and parvovirus shedding by logistic regression. (3) Results: Feline panleukopenia occurred in 28.0% (42/150) of cats (0 in shelter D). Shedding was found in 48.7% (73/150) (A: 21/73; B: 29/73; C: 7/73; D: 16/73). Of 73 qPCR-positive fecal samples, 65.8% (48/73) were culture-positive; sequencing revealed feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) isolates in 34/48 samples and vaccine virus isolate in 14/48; canine parvovirus was not detected. Presence of feline panleukopenia was significantly more likely in cats from shelter A (p < 0.05), unvaccinated cats (p < 0.001), and young cats (4 weeks to 2 years; p = 0.008). Parvovirus shedding was significantly more common in young cats (p < 0.001), cats with feline panleukopenia (p = 0.033), and group-housed cats (p = 0.025). (4) Conclusions: Vaccination is the most important measure to reduce the risk of feline panleukopenia in shelters. Risk of parvovirus shedding is especially high in young, group-housed cats.
Collapse
|
40
|
Janke KJ, Jacobson LS, Giacinti JA, Weese JS. Fecal viral DNA shedding following clinical panleukopenia virus infection in shelter kittens: a prospective, observational study. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:337-343. [PMID: 34170191 PMCID: PMC8961250 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211023056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine the magnitude and duration of fecal viral DNA shedding after diagnosis of feline panleukopenia (FP) in a group of shelter cats using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR); to assess the utility of a negative point-of-care test or the resolution of diarrhea and systemic signs as proxy measures for qPCR positivity; and to investigate patterns of additional enteric pathogens in relation to feline panleukopenia viral shedding duration. METHODS Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) infection in clinically affected shelter cats was confirmed by a commercial qPCR test. Observations were made on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 post-diagnosis. Fecal flotation, FPV qPCR and the canine parvovirus IDEXX SNAP Parvo ELISA (SNAP) test were performed on fecal samples. RESULTS Forty cats and kittens with confirmed panleukopenia were initially enrolled. Sixteen kittens were sampled until day 14, and 12 were followed to day 21. Median DNA viral copy numbers fell below the diagnostic cut-off by day 7, with 13/16, 6/16, 1/16 and 0/12 testing PCR-positive on days 3, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. The SNAP test was positive in 12/16 kittens on day 0 and only 3/16 on day 3. SNAP test results, diarrhea and systemic signs were inconsistent in relation to qPCR positivity post-diagnosis. Additional enteric pathogens were common. The presence of additional pathogen types was suggestive of a longer PCR shedding duration, but this was not tested statistically owing to the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that cats should be isolated for at least 14 days after a diagnosis of FP, but that release from isolation after this point is reasonable, in association with a multifaceted infection control strategy. The study findings did not support using SNAP test results, diarrhea or systemic signs as proxy measures for virus shedding.
Collapse
|
41
|
Palombieri A, Di Profio F, Fruci P, Sarchese V, Martella V, Marsilio F, Di Martino B. Emerging Respiratory Viruses of Cats. Viruses 2022; 14:663. [PMID: 35458393 PMCID: PMC9030917 DOI: 10.3390/v14040663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, advances in diagnostics and deep sequencing technologies have led to the identification and characterization of novel viruses in cats as protoparviruses and chaphamaparvoviruses, unveiling the diversity of the feline virome in the respiratory tract. Observational, epidemiological and experimental data are necessary to demonstrate firmly if some viruses are able to cause disease, as this information may be confounded by virus- or host-related factors. Also, in recent years, researchers were able to monitor multiple examples of transmission to felids of viruses with high pathogenic potential, such as the influenza virus strains H5N1, H1N1, H7N2, H5N6 and H3N2, and in the late 2019, the human hypervirulent coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. These findings suggest that the study of viral infections always requires a multi-disciplinary approach inspired by the One Health vision. By reviewing the literature, we provide herewith an update on the emerging viruses identified in cats and their potential association with respiratory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palombieri
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.D.P.); (P.F.); (V.S.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.D.P.); (P.F.); (V.S.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Paola Fruci
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.D.P.); (P.F.); (V.S.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Vittorio Sarchese
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.D.P.); (P.F.); (V.S.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Vito Martella
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.D.P.); (P.F.); (V.S.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.D.P.); (P.F.); (V.S.); (B.D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cao N, Tang Z, Zhang X, Li W, Li B, Tian Y, Xu D. Development and Application of a Triplex TaqMan Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Feline Calicivirus, Feline Parvovirus, and Feline Herpesvirus 1. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:792322. [PMID: 35211534 PMCID: PMC8861203 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.792322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As companion animals, felines play an important role in human's family life, and their healthcare has attracted great attention. Viruses such as feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), and feline parvovirus virus (FPV) are the most common pathogens that cause severe infectious disease in baby cats. Thus, preclinical detection and intervention of these three viruses is an effective means to prevent diseases and minimize their danger condition. In this study, a triplex TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was developed to detect these three viruses simultaneously. The detection limit of FPV, FCV, and FHV-1 was 5 × 101 copies/assay, which exhibited higher sensitivity (about 10- to100-fold) than conventional PCR. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of the intra-assay variability were lower than 1.86%, and that of inter-assay variability were lower than 3.19%, indicating the excellent repeatability and reproducibility of the triplex assay. Additionally, the assay showed good specificity. Finally, samples from 48 cats were analyzed using the established assay and commercial kits. As a result, the total positive rates for these viruses were 70.83 or 62.5%, respectively, which demonstrated that the developed qRT-PCR assay was more accurate than the commercial kits and could be used in clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanyan Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danning Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Danning Xu
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yi S, Liu S, Meng X, Huang P, Cao Z, Jin H, Wang J, Hu G, Lan J, Zhang D, Gao Y, Wang H, Li N, Feng N, Hou R, Yang S, Xia X. Feline Panleukopenia Virus With G299E Substitution in the VP2 Protein First Identified From a Captive Giant Panda in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:820144. [PMID: 35198456 PMCID: PMC8859993 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.820144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), Giant panda/CD/2018, was isolated from a captive giant panda with mild diarrhea in 2018 in Chengdu, China, and further identified via indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, and genetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete VP2 nucleotide sequences showed that it shared high homology with Chinese FPV isolates and grouped within FPV cluster 1. One unique substitution Gly(G)299Glu(E) in the capsid protein VP2 was first identified with Giant panda/CD/2018. The presence of the G299E substitution is notable as it is located on the top region of the interconnecting surface loop 3, which may be involved in controlling the host range and antigenicity of FPV. These findings first demonstrate that FPV with natural point mutation G299E in the VP2 gene is prevalent in giant panda and suggest that etiological surveillance and vaccination among all giant pandas are urgently needed to protect this endangered species against FPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shushuai Yi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Songrui Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianyong Meng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zengguo Cao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixue Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingchao Lan
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Songtao Yang, ; Na Feng, ; Rong Hou,
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Songtao Yang, ; Na Feng, ; Rong Hou,
| | - Songtao Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Songtao Yang, ; Na Feng, ; Rong Hou,
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jacobson LS, Janke KJ, Ha K, Giacinti JA, Weese JS. Feline panleukopenia virus DNA shedding following modified live virus vaccination in a shelter setting. Vet J 2021; 279:105783. [PMID: 34861370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the frequency and timing of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) shedding in feces following administration of a modified live FPV vaccine. Feces were collected from 37 shelter cats that did not meet clinical criteria for panleukopenia on the day of vaccination or on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-vaccination (NCL group). A commercial quantitative PCR (qPCR) fecal pathogen panel and a canine parvovirus point-of-care antigen test were performed. FPV DNA copy numbers from a concurrent study of 39 cats with panleukopenia (CL group) were compared with the NCL group. Of the 165 samples from the NCL group, one had a weak positive antigen test result on day 7, while nine samples (5.5%) from eight cats (21.6%) produced positive FPV qPCR test results, one on day 3 and eight on day 7. There were no day 21-positive qPCR results in the 11 cats that were revaccinated on day 14. There was no association between the number of additional fecal pathogens identified and a positive FPV qPCR result. Of the cats with positive results, FPV DNA copy numbers differed between NCL group and CL group (median 1.13 × 107 and 5.01 × 10⁸ copies/g feces, respectively; P < 0.001). The FPV qPCR cannot differentiate subclinical infection from vaccine virus shedding. To avoid unnecessary isolation and euthanasia, shelters should therefore limit FPV PCR testing to cats with a high index of suspicion of panleukopenia. The timing of recent vaccination should also be considered when interpreting test results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Jacobson
- Toronto Humane Society, 11 River Street, Toronto, ON M5A 4C2, Canada.
| | - K J Janke
- Toronto Humane Society, 11 River Street, Toronto, ON M5A 4C2, Canada
| | - K Ha
- Toronto Humane Society, 11 River Street, Toronto, ON M5A 4C2, Canada
| | - J A Giacinti
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J S Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rakib TM, Nath BK, Das T, Yadav SK, Raidal SR, Das S. Retrospective Genotyping and Whole Genome Sequencing of a Canine Parvovirus Outbreak in Bangladesh. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111373. [PMID: 34832529 PMCID: PMC8619975 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) outbreaks in close quarters such as kennels or shelters can cause substantial case fatality. Thirteen dead Labradors from a secluded kennel of security dogs presented with typical clinical signs and gross pathology of parvovirus infection. Whole genome shotgun sequencing from tissue-extracted genomic DNA detected new CPV-2a as the contributing antigenic variant. Further genotyping using polymerase chain reaction coupled with high-resolution melt assays (PCR-HRM) confirmed new CPV-2a infection in all deceased dogs. PCR-HRM of additional thirty-four clinically suspected dogs suggested that this variant is in wider community circulation, at least in the southeastern part of Bangladesh. We present complete genome sequence of the new CPV-2a variant circulating in the domestic canine population of Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tofazzal Md Rakib
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh;
| | - Babu Kanti Nath
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (B.K.N.); (T.D.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Tridip Das
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (B.K.N.); (T.D.); (S.R.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Saroj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh;
| | - Shane R. Raidal
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (B.K.N.); (T.D.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (B.K.N.); (T.D.); (S.R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +02-6933-4353
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu J, Zhang Z, Bai A, Sha Y, Ma L, Qin S, Chen F, Qin S, Wu J. Prophylactic Efficacy of Equine Immunoglobulin F(ab') 2 Fragments Against Feline Parvovirus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3151-3162. [PMID: 34086256 PMCID: PMC8175436 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Feline parvovirus (FPV), a type of parvovirus prevalent worldwide, can cause foetal death and acute enteritis in adult cats with severe leukopenia, and yet there are no effective drugs to prevent or treat FPV. Here, the immune effects of two FPV vaccines on horses were compared. IgG was extracted from FPV-immunized horse sera. Equine F(ab')2 fragments were obtained from pepsin-digested IgG and then purified by protein-G column chromatography. The results showed that the inactivated FPV oil vaccine was more effective than the inactivated FPV propolis vaccine in helping healthy horses to produce hyper-immune serum. Four methods were tested, among which the optimized octanoic acid-ammonium sulphate precipitation method was proved to be the best process for extracting IgG. The optimal condition for preparing F(ab')2 by pepsin digestion was 30 °C for 3.5 h, and the content, purity and recovery of F(ab')2 were 8.64 mg/mL, 90.36% and 93.24%, respectively. Our equine immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragments effectively neutralized activity in vitro against FPV, alleviated the clinical symptoms of FPV-infected cats, reduced the viral loads in the intestine and had prophylactic effects in FPV-infected cats. These results indicate that the F(ab')2 fragment prepared from inactivated FPV-immunized horses may be used as a prophylactic agent for diseases caused by FPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Anbin Bai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Yiyu Sha
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Shaomin Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Fenglian Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Shuying Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun L, Xu Z, Wu J, Cui Y, Guo X, Xu F, Li Y, Wang Y. A duplex SYBR green I-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for concurrent detection of feline parvovirus and feline coronavirus. J Virol Methods 2021; 298:114294. [PMID: 34547343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) contains two serotypes, feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). FECV and feline parvovirus (FPV) can cause similar clinical symptoms in cats, such as diarrhea. The objective of this study was to establish a duplex SYBR Green I-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of FPV and FCoV. Two pairs of specific PCR primers were designed to target fragments of the VP2 gene of FPV and of the 5' UTR gene of FCoV, respectively. The assay distinguished between the two viruses based on the melting curves (melting temperatures 77.0 ± 0.5 °C [FPV] and 80.5 ± 0.5 °C [FCoV]). The minimum limits of FPV and FCoV detection were 4.74 × 101 copies/μL and 7.77 × 101 copies/μL, respectively. The assay showed excellent reproducibility and reliability, based on the mean coefficient of variation. In conclusion, this novel duplex SYBR Green I-based qPCR assay is sensitive and can specifically, reliably, and rapidly detect FPV and FCoV (co-)infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Junhuang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Xu Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Fazhi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningb, 315010, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Simultaneous detection of feline parvovirus and feline bocavirus using SYBR Green I-based duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:400. [PMID: 34377624 PMCID: PMC8343365 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since both feline parvovirus (FPV) and feline bocavirus (FBoV) can cause diarrhea in cats, it is difficult to distinguish them clinically. This study aimed to develop a SYBR Green I-based duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for distinguishing FPV and FBoV-1 on the basis of the melting temperature of the PCR product. A total of 132 fecal samples from different domestic and feral cats were collected, and the results of SYBR Green I-based duplex real-time PCR assay were compared with those of the traditional PCR assay for a comprehensive evaluation. The melting temperatures were found to be 86 °C and 77.5 °C for FBoV-1 and FPV, respectively, and no specific melting peaks for other non-targeted feline viruses were observed. The data obtained from this assay had a good linear relationship; the detection limits of FPV and FBoV-1 were 2.907 × 101 copies/μL and 3.836 × 101 copies/μL, respectively. In addition, the experiment exhibited high reproducibility. The positive detection rates of the SYBR Green I-based duplex real-time PCR assay for FPV and FBoV-1 were 16.67% (22/132) and 6.82% (9/132), respectively, and the positive detection rate for co-infection with FPV and FBoV-1 was 3.03% (4/132). This result was much more sensitive than that of the traditional PCR method. Thus, the developed SYBR Green I-based assay is a sensitive, rapid, specific, and reliable method for the clinical diagnosis of FPV and FBoV-1 and can provide technical support for the simultaneous detection of co-infection with these viruses in the future.
Collapse
|
49
|
Carrai M, Decaro N, Van Brussel K, Dall'Ara P, Desario C, Fracasso M, Šlapeta J, Colombo E, Bo S, Beatty JA, Meers J, Barrs VR. Canine parvovirus is shed infrequently by cats without diarrhoea in multi-cat environments. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109204. [PMID: 34399298 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Whether subclinical shedding of canine parvovirus (CPV) by cats might contribute to the epidemiology of canine CPV infections, particularly in facilities housing both cats and dogs, requires clarification. Conflicting results are reported to date. Using conventional PCR (cPCR) to amplify the VP2 gene, shedding of the CPV variants (CPV-2a, 2b, 2c) by healthy cats in multi-cat environments was reportedly common in Europe but rare in Australia. The aim of this study was to determine whether low-level faecal CPV shedding occurs in multi-cat environments in Australia and Italy using a TaqMan real-time PCR to detect Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPV and feline parvovirus, FPV) DNA, and minor-groove binder probe real-time PCR assay to differentiate FPV and CPV types and to characterize CPV variants. In total, 741 non-diarrhoeic faecal samples from shelters in Australia (n = 263) and from shelters or cat colonies in Italy (n = 478) were tested. Overall, Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA was detected in 49 of 741 (6.61 %) samples. Differentiation was possible for 31 positive samples. FPV was most common among positive samples (28/31, 90.3 %). CPV was detected in 4/31 samples (12.9 %) including CPV-2a in one sample, CPV-2b in another and co-infections of FPV/CPV-2b and CPV-2a/CPV-2b in the remaining two samples. A high rate of subclinical FPV infection was detected in one shelter during an outbreak of feline panleukopenia, during which 21 of 22 asymptomatic cats (95.5 %) sampled were shedding FPV. Faecal shedding of CPV by cats in multi-cat environments is uncommon suggesting that domestic cats are not significant reservoirs of CPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maura Carrai
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Kate Van Brussel
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Paola Dall'Ara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Marco Fracasso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Elena Colombo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bo
- Ambulatorio Vetarinario Associato, Via Fratelli Calandra, 2, 10123 Torino, Italy.
| | - Julia A Beatty
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Joanne Meers
- University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Emerging Parvoviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061077. [PMID: 34200079 PMCID: PMC8229815 DOI: 10.3390/v13061077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus infections in cats have been well known for around 100 years. Recently, the use of molecular assays and metagenomic approaches for virus discovery and characterization has led to the detection of novel parvovirus lineages and/or species infecting the feline host. However, the involvement of emerging parvoviruses in the onset of gastroenteritis or other feline diseases is still uncertain.
Collapse
|