1
|
Gutiérrez-Iñiguez C, Cervantes-Rodríguez P, González-Hernández LA, Andrade-Villanueva JF, Gutiérrez-Silerio GY, Peña Rodríguez M, Rubio-Sánchez AX, García-Castillo E, Marín-Contreras ME, Del Toro-Arreola S, Bueno-Topete MR, Vega-Magaña N. Unraveling the non-fitness status of NK cells: Examining the NKp30 receptor and its isoforms distribution in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Mol Immunol 2024; 172:9-16. [PMID: 38850777 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV/HCV coinfection is associated with a rapid progression to liver damage. Specifically, NK cell population dysregulation is of particular interest, as these cells have been shown to block HCV replication effectively and have an anti-fibrogenic activity. The NKp30 receptor is linked to tumor cell lysis and has a crucial role during viral infections. In the present study, we determined the subpopulations of NK cells based on CD56 and CD16 expression, NKp30 receptor expression, its isoforms A, B, and C, along with the cytotoxicity molecules in patients with HIV/HCV. RESULTS evidenced by the APRI and FIB-4 indices, the HCV-infected patients presented greater liver damage than the HIV and HIV/HCV groups. The HCV group presented a decreased expression of NKp30 isoform A, and NK cell frequency was not different between groups; however, CD56brigth subpopulation, NKp30 receptor, and CD247 adaptor chain were decreased in HIV/HCV patients; further, we described increased levels of soluble IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-23 in the serum of HIV/HCV patients. CONCLUSIONS HCV and HIV/HCV patients have multiple parameters of non-fitness status in NK cells; awareness of these dysfunctional immunological parameters in HIV/HCV and HCV patients can elucidate possible novel therapeutics directed towards the improvement of NK cell fitness status, in order to improve their function against liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gutiérrez-Iñiguez
- Maestría en Microbiología Médica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44340, Mexico
| | - Paulina Cervantes-Rodríguez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44430, Mexico
| | - Luz Alicia González-Hernández
- Unidad de VIH del Antiguo Hospital Civil "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44200, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH (InIVIH), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44200, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria Yareli Gutiérrez-Silerio
- Laboratorio de endocrinología y nutrición, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro CP.76140, Mexico
| | - Marcela Peña Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes (LaDEER), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44340, Mexico
| | - Alina Xcaret Rubio-Sánchez
- Maestría en Microbiología Médica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44340, Mexico
| | - Estefania García-Castillo
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44340, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Marín-Contreras
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44340, Mexico
| | - Susana Del Toro-Arreola
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas (IECD), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44340, Mexico
| | - Miriam Ruth Bueno-Topete
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas (IECD), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44340, Mexico
| | - Natali Vega-Magaña
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes (LaDEER), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP.44340, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Finnegan D, Mechoud MA, FitzGerald JA, Beresford T, Mathur H, Cotter PD, Loscher C. Novel Fermentates Can Enhance Key Immune Responses Associated with Viral Immunity. Nutrients 2024; 16:1212. [PMID: 38674902 PMCID: PMC11053696 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods have long been known to have immunomodulatory capabilities, and fermentates derived from the lactic acid bacteria of dairy products can modulate the immune system. We have used skimmed milk powder to generate novel fermentates using Lb. helveticus strains SC234 and SC232 and we demonstrate here that these fermentates can enhance key immune mechanisms that are critical to the immune response to viruses. We show that our novel fermentates, SC234 and SC232, can positively impact on cytokine and chemokine secretion, nitric oxide (NO) production, cell surface marker expression, and phagocytosis in macrophage models. We demonstrate that the fermentates SC234 and SC232 increase the secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-27, and IL-10; promote an M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype for viral immunity via NO induction; decrease chemokine expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP); increase cell surface marker expression; and enhance phagocytosis in comparison to their starting material. These data suggest that these novel fermentates have potential as novel functional food ingredients for the treatment, management, and control of viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dearbhla Finnegan
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.F.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (P.D.C.)
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Glasnevin Campus, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monica A. Mechoud
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.F.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (P.D.C.)
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Jamie A. FitzGerald
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.F.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (P.D.C.)
- College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom Beresford
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.F.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (P.D.C.)
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Harsh Mathur
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.F.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (P.D.C.)
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.F.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (P.D.C.)
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, Biosciences Research Institute, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk, Teagasc, Moorepark, Shanacloon, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine Loscher
- Food for Health Ireland, Science Centre South (S2.79), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.F.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.F.); (T.B.); (H.M.); (P.D.C.)
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Glasnevin Campus, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rauch E, Amendt T, Lopez Krol A, Lang FB, Linse V, Hohmann M, Keim AC, Kreutzer S, Kawengian K, Buchholz M, Duschner P, Grauer S, Schnierle B, Ruhl A, Burtscher I, Dehnert S, Kuria C, Kupke A, Paul S, Liehr T, Lechner M, Schnare M, Kaufmann A, Huber M, Winkler TH, Bauer S, Yu P. T-bet + B cells are activated by and control endogenous retroviruses through TLR-dependent mechanisms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1229. [PMID: 38336876 PMCID: PMC10858178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are an integral part of the mammalian genome. The role of immune control of ERVs in general is poorly defined as is their function as anti-cancer immune targets or drivers of autoimmune disease. Here, we generate mouse-strains where Moloney-Murine Leukemia Virus tagged with GFP (ERV-GFP) infected the mouse germline. This enables us to analyze the role of genetic, epigenetic and cell intrinsic restriction factors in ERV activation and control. We identify an autoreactive B cell response against the neo-self/ERV antigen GFP as a key mechanism of ERV control. Hallmarks of this response are spontaneous ERV-GFP+ germinal center formation, elevated serum IFN-γ levels and a dependency on Age-associated B cells (ABCs) a subclass of T-bet+ memory B cells. Impairment of IgM B cell receptor-signal in nucleic-acid sensing TLR-deficient mice contributes to defective ERV control. Although ERVs are a part of the genome they break immune tolerance, induce immune surveillance against ERV-derived self-antigens and shape the host immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Rauch
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Emil-von-Behring-Str. 76, 35041, Marburg, Germany
| | - Timm Amendt
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | | | - Fabian B Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Linse
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Hohmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Apollo Ventures Holding GmbH, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Keim
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kreutzer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kevin Kawengian
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Core Facility Small Animal Multispectral and Ultrasound Imaging, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Duschner
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Grauer
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schnierle
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ruhl
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Dehnert
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Chege Kuria
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kupke
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Paul
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus Lechner
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Schnare
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaufmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Sytems Immunology, Center for Tumor and Immunobiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hwang SY, Shin SH, Park SH, Lee MJ, Kim SM, Lee JS, Park JH. Serological Conversion through a Second Exposure to Inactivated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Expressing the JC Epitope on the Viral Surface. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1487. [PMID: 37766163 PMCID: PMC10537882 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a fatal contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic damage at the national level. There are seven serotypes of the causative foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and type O is responsible for serious outbreaks and shows a high incidence. Recently, the Cathay, Southeast Asia (SEA), and ME-SA (Middle East-South Asia) topotypes of type O have been found to frequently occur in Asia. Thus, it is necessary to develop candidate vaccines that afford protection against these three different topotypes. In this study, an experimental FMD vaccine was produced using a recombinant virus (TWN-JC) with the JC epitope (VP1 140-160 sequence of the O/SKR/Jincheon/2014) between amino acid 152 and 153 of VP1 in TWN-R. Immunization with this novel vaccine candidate was found to effectively protect mice against challenge with the three different topotype viruses. Neutralizing antibody titers were considerably higher after a second vaccination. The serological differences between the topotype strains were identified in guinea pigs and swine. In conclusion, a significant serological difference was observed at 56 days post-vaccination between animals that received the TWN-JC vaccine candidate and those that received the positive control virus (TWN-R). The TWN-JC vaccine candidate induced IFNγ and IL-12B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yun Hwang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Sung-Han Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carreto-Binaghi LE, Herrera MT, Guzmán-Beltrán S, Juárez E, Sarabia C, Salgado-Cantú MG, Juarez-Carmona D, Guadarrama-Pérez C, González Y. Reduced IL-8 Secretion by NOD-like and Toll-like Receptors in Blood Cells from COVID-19 Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041078. [PMID: 37189696 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe inflammatory responses are associated with the misbalance of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs, NLRs, and cytokine receptors play an important role in pathogen sensing and intracellular control, which remains unclear in COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate IL-8 production in blood cells from COVID-19 patients in a two-week follow-up evaluation. Blood samples were taken at admission (t1) and after 14 days of hospitalization (t2). The functionality of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7/8, TLR9, NOD1, and NOD2 innate receptors and IL-12 and IFN-γ cytokine receptors was evaluated by whole blood stimulation with specific synthetic receptor agonists through the quantification of IL-8, TNF-α, or IFN-γ. At admission, ligand-dependent IL-8 secretion was 6.4, 13, and 2.5 times lower for TLR2, TLR4, and endosomal TLR7/8 receptors, respectively, in patients than in healthy controls. Additionally, IL-12 receptor-induced IFN-γ secretion was lower in COVID-19 patients than in healthy subjects. We evaluated the same parameters after 14 days and observed significantly higher responses for TLR2, TLR4, TLR7/8, TLR9, and NOD1, NOD2, and IFN-γ receptors. In conclusion, the low secretion of IL-8 through stimulation with agonists of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7/8, TLR9, and NOD2 at t1 suggests their possible contribution to immunosuppression following hyperinflammation in COVID-19 disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Teresa Herrera
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Juárez
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Carmen Sarabia
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Manuel G. Salgado-Cantú
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Juarez-Carmona
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal Guadarrama-Pérez
- Servicio de Urgencias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Yolanda González
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Preston SP, Allison CC, Schaefer J, Clow W, Bader SM, Collard S, Forsyth WO, Clark MP, Garnham AL, Li-Wai-Suen CSN, Peiris T, Teale J, Mackiewicz L, Davidson S, Doerflinger M, Pellegrini M. A necroptosis-independent function of RIPK3 promotes immune dysfunction and prevents control of chronic LCMV infection. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:123. [PMID: 36792599 PMCID: PMC9931694 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a lytic and inflammatory form of cell death that is highly constrained to mitigate detrimental collateral tissue damage and impaired immunity. These constraints make it difficult to define the relevance of necroptosis in diseases such as chronic and persistent viral infections and within individual organ systems. The role of necroptotic signalling is further complicated because proteins essential to this pathway, such as receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), have been implicated in roles outside of necroptotic signalling. We sought to address this issue by individually defining the role of RIPK3 and MLKL in chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. We investigated if necroptosis contributes to the death of LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells or virally infected target cells during infection. We provide evidence showing that necroptosis was redundant in the pathogenesis of acute forms of LCMV (Armstrong strain) and the early stages of chronic (Docile strain) LCMV infection in vivo. The number of immune cells, their specificity and reactivity towards viral antigens and viral loads are not altered in the absence of either MLKL or RIPK3 during acute and during the early stages of chronic LCMV infection. However, we identified that RIPK3 promotes immune dysfunction and prevents control of infection at later stages of chronic LCMV disease. This was not phenocopied by the loss of MLKL indicating that the phenotype was driven by a necroptosis-independent function of RIPK3. We provide evidence that RIPK3 signaling evoked a dysregulated type 1 interferone response which we linked to an impaired antiviral immune response and abrogated clearance of chronic LCMV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Preston
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,SYNthesis Research, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Cody C. Allison
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Jan Schaefer
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - William Clow
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Stefanie M. Bader
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Sophie Collard
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Wasan O. Forsyth
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Michelle P. Clark
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Alexandra L. Garnham
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Connie S. N. Li-Wai-Suen
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Thanushi Peiris
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Jack Teale
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Liana Mackiewicz
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Sophia Davidson
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Since the identification of sickle cell trait as a heritable form of resistance to malaria, candidate gene studies, linkage analysis paired with sequencing, and genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revealed many examples of genetic resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases. GWA studies enabled the identification of many common variants associated with small shifts in susceptibility to infectious diseases. This is exemplified by multiple loci associated with leprosy, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which illuminate genetic architecture and implicate pathways underlying pathophysiology. Despite these successes, most of the heritability of infectious diseases remains to be explained. As the field advances, current limitations may be overcome by applying methodological innovations such as cellular GWA studies and phenome-wide association (PheWA) studies as well as by improving methodological rigor with more precise case definitions, deeper phenotyping, increased cohort diversity, and functional validation of candidate loci in the laboratory or human challenge studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Benjamin H Schott
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; .,Duke University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dennis C Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; .,Duke University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang F, Hu M, Li N, Sun X, Xing G, Zheng G, Jin Q, Liu Y, Cui C, Zhang G. Precise Assembly of Multiple Antigens on Nanoparticles with Specially Designed Affinity Peptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39843-39857. [PMID: 35998372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antigen proteins, assembled on nanoparticles, can be recognized by antigen-presenting cells effectively to enhance antigen immunogenicity. The ability to simultaneously display multiantigens on the same nanoparticle could have numerous applications but remained technical challenges. Here, we described a method for precise assembly of multiple antigens on nanoparticles with specially designed affinity peptides. First, we designed and screened affinity peptides with high affinity and specificity, which could respectively target the key amino acid residues of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 protein or porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein (PCV2 Cap) accurately. Then, we conjugated the antigen proteins to poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) and Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) nanoparticles through the peptides and perfectly assembled two kinds of multiantigen display nanoparticles with different particle sizes. Subsequently, the immunological properties of the assembled nanoparticles were tested. The results showed that the antigen display nanoparticles could promote the maturation, phagocytosis, and proinflammatory effects of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Besides, compared with the antigen proteins, multiantigen display nanoparticles could induce much higher levels of antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in mice. This strategy may provide a technical support for the study of protein structure and the research and development of polyvalent vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Man Hu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Guanmin Zheng
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Qianyue Jin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Chenxu Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salem ML, Salman S, Barnawi IO. Brief in vitro IL-12 conditioning of CD8 + T Cells for anticancer adoptive T cell therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2751-2759. [PMID: 33966093 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents a potential treatment approach through non-specific and specific enhancement of the immune responses. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a potential modality of immunotherapy that depends on harvesting T cells from the tumor-bearing host, activating them in vitro and infusing them back to the same host. Several cytokines, in particular IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, have been used to enhance survival T cells in vitro. Although effective, conditioning of T cells in vitro with these cytokines requires long-term culture which results in the loss of expression of their trafficking receptors mainly CD62L. It also results in exhaustion of the activated T cells and reduction in their functions upon adoptive transfer in vivo. Our recent studies and those of other groups showed that brief (3 days) conditioning of CD8+ T cells by IL-12 in vitro can result in enhancing function of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of these IL-12-conditioned CD8+ T cells into tumor-bearing mice, preconditioned with cyclophosphamide, 1 day before ACT, induced tumor eradication that was associated with generation of tumor-specific memory response. In this review, we summarize studies that indicated to the superiority of IL-12 as a potential cytokine for conditioning T cells for ACT. In addition, we discuss some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern how IL-12 programs CD8+ T cells to enhance their functionality especially in vitro and its implication in combination with other ACT modalities, opening a avenue for the clinical application of this cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Labib Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research (CECR), Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Samar Salman
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyFaculty of MedicineTanta University Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim O Barnawi
- Animal Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ku C, Chen I, Lai M. Infection-induced inflammation from specific inborn errors of immunity to COVID-19. FEBS J 2021; 288:5021-5041. [PMID: 33971084 PMCID: PMC8236961 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a group of genetically defined disorders leading to defective immunity. Some IEIs have been linked to mutations of immune receptors or signaling molecules, resulting in defective signaling of respective cascades essential for combating specific pathogens. However, it remains incompletely understood why in selected IEIs, such as X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2 (XLP-2), hypo-immune response to specific pathogens results in persistent inflammation. Moreover, mechanisms underlying the generation of anticytokine autoantibodies are mostly unknown. Recently, IEIs have been associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a small proportion of patients that contract severe COVID-19 displaying loss-of-function mutations in genes associated with type I interferons (IFNs). Moreover, approximately 10% of patients with severe COVID-19 possess anti-type I IFN-neutralizing autoantibodies. Apart from IEIs that impair immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV-2 encodes several proteins that suppress early type I IFN production. One primary consequence of the lack of type I IFNs during early SARS-CoV-2 infection is the increased inflammation associated with COVID-19. In XLP-2, resolution of inflammation rescued experimental subjects from infection-induced mortality. Recent studies also indicate that targeting inflammation could alleviate COVID-19. In this review, we discuss infection-induced inflammation in IEIs, using XLP-2 and COVID-19 as examples. We suggest that resolving inflammation may represent an effective therapeutic approach to these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Lung Ku
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious DiseasesGraduate Institute of Clinical Medical SciencesChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan,Department of NephrologyLinkou Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - I‐Ting Chen
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Zong Lai
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Andreev-Andrievskiy AA, Zinovkin RA, Mashkin MA, Frolova OY, Kazaishvili YG, Scherbakova VS, Rudoy BA, Nesterenko VG. Gene Expression Pattern of Peyer's Patch Lymphocytes Exposed to Kagocel Suggests Pattern-Recognition Receptors Mediate Its Action. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679511. [PMID: 34413772 PMCID: PMC8369352 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kagocel is a synthetic carboxymethylcellulose derivative copolymerized with gossypol. Clinical data evidence its safety and efficiency for the treatment of flu and other viral infections via enhancement of interferon production. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue seems a likely site of kagocel action. The study was aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of its action using murine Peyer’s patches lymphocytes as a test system and the cytokines production and gene expression patterns as the primary outcomes. The Peyer’s patches lymphocytes isolated from BALB/c mice were stimulated with concanavalin A, or, to mimic viral infection, with a combination of concanavalin A and TLR3 ligand poly I:C. After 24 h of stimulation the cells were treated with saline, 30, 100, or 300 μg/ml of kagocel, or, as positive controls, 300 μg/ml oats b-D-glucan or 300 μg/ml lentinan. After 24 and 72 h of incubation with these drugs cytokines production was analyzed with ELISA and gene expression pattern was investigated using nCounter Inflammation panel chips followed by bioinformatics analysis. Expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response, antiviral defense, lymphocytes survival and proliferation (C1qa, C2, C3, Ccl21a, Il11, Il1b, Il23a, Il5, Ltb4r2, Alox15, Pla2g4a, Ptger1, Mapkapk5, Hras, Ifna1, Tlr2, Mrc1, Mx2) was upregulated in kagocel-treated Peyer’s patches lymphocytes. A list of plausible transcription factors (CEBPs, IRF, NFκB, RXR, Stat, Tead4, and ZSCAN) and master-regulators has been identified (cIAP, CIKS, dock9, MEKK1, FXR, IKK, IRAK, TRAF, dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF). The changes in gene expression pattern and the outcomes of bioinformatics analysis suggest that pattern recognition receptors, TLRs and dectin-1, are the key mediators of kagocel immunomodulatory action, with the possible involvement of interferon autocrine loop. The genes upregulated with kagocel include diverse components of the innate immune defense system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Andreev-Andrievskiy
- Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Zinovkin
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Mashkin
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yuriy G Kazaishvili
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Boris A Rudoy
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Nesterenko
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) regulate inflammation in the tissues; however, their role in anti-viral immunity remains largely unknown. In this issue of Immunity, Shannon et al. report that ILC1s invoke an anti-viral effect by producing interferon (IFN)γ at homeostasis, thereby limiting viral replication in the oral mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nabekura
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chandrasekar SS, Phanse Y, Hildebrand RE, Hanafy M, Wu CW, Hansen CH, Osorio JE, Suresh M, Talaat AM. Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:132. [PMID: 33562141 PMCID: PMC7914464 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the USA and worldwide necessitates the development of multiple vaccines to combat the COVID-19 global pandemic. Previously, we showed that a particulate adjuvant system, quil-A-loaded chitosan (QAC) nanoparticles, can elicit robust immunity combined with plasmid vaccines when used against avian coronavirus. Here, we report on the immune responses elicited by mucosal homologous plasmid and a heterologous immunization strategy using a plasmid vaccine and a Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens. Only the heterologous intranasal immunization strategy elicited neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage of mice, suggesting a protective vaccine. The same prime/boost strategy led to the induction of type 1 and type 17 T-cell responses and polyfunctional T-cells expressing multiple type 1 cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-2) in the lungs and spleens of vaccinated mice. In contrast, the plasmid homologous vaccine strategy led to the induction of local mono and polyfunctional T-cells secreting IFN-γ. Outcomes of this study support the potential of QAC-nano vaccines to elicit significant mucosal immune responses against respiratory coronaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaswath S. Chandrasekar
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.S.C.); (R.E.H.); (M.H.); (C.-W.W.); (C.H.H.); (J.E.O.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Rachel E. Hildebrand
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.S.C.); (R.E.H.); (M.H.); (C.-W.W.); (C.H.H.); (J.E.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Mostafa Hanafy
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.S.C.); (R.E.H.); (M.H.); (C.-W.W.); (C.H.H.); (J.E.O.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Chia-Wei Wu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.S.C.); (R.E.H.); (M.H.); (C.-W.W.); (C.H.H.); (J.E.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Chungyi H. Hansen
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.S.C.); (R.E.H.); (M.H.); (C.-W.W.); (C.H.H.); (J.E.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Jorge E. Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.S.C.); (R.E.H.); (M.H.); (C.-W.W.); (C.H.H.); (J.E.O.); (M.S.)
- Colombia Wisconsin One Health Consortium, Universidad Nacional Medellín, Calle 75#79a 5, Colombia
| | - M. Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.S.C.); (R.E.H.); (M.H.); (C.-W.W.); (C.H.H.); (J.E.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Adel M. Talaat
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.S.C.); (R.E.H.); (M.H.); (C.-W.W.); (C.H.H.); (J.E.O.); (M.S.)
- Pan Genome Systems, Madison, WI 53719, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aghbash PS, Hemmat N, Nahand JS, Shamekh A, Memar MY, Babaei A, Baghi HB. The role of Th17 cells in viral infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107331. [PMID: 33418239 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present review provides an overview of recent advances regarding the function of Th17 cells and their produced cytokines in the progression of viral diseases. Viral infections alone do not lead to virus-induced malignancies, as both genetic and host safety factors are also involved in the occurrence of malignancies. Acquired immune responses, through the differentiation of Th17 cells, form the novel components of the Th17 cell pathway when reacting with viral infections all the way from the beginning to its final stages. As a result, instead of inducing the right immune responses, these events lead to the suppression of the immune system. In fact, the responses from Th17 cells during persistent viral infections causes chronic inflammation through the production of IL-17 and other cytokines which provide a favorable environment for tumor growth and its development. Additionally, during the past decade, these cells have been understood to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis. However, further research is required to understand Th17 cells' immune mechanisms in the vast variety of viral diseases. This review aims to determine the roles and effects of the immune system, especially Th17 cells, in the progression of viral diseases; which can be highly beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shiri Aghbash
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 14155 Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 14155 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abouzar Babaei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, ZIP Code 14155 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chan W, He B, Wang X, He ML. Pandemic COVID-19: Current status and challenges of antiviral therapies. Genes Dis 2020; 7:502-519. [PMID: 32837984 PMCID: PMC7340039 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic COVID-19, caused by a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection, has infected over 12 million individuals and caused more than 55,200 death worldwide. Currently, there is no specific drug to treating this disease. Here we summarized the mechanisms of antiviral therapies and the clinic findings from different countries. Antiviral chemotherapies have been conducted by in multiple cohorts in different counties. Although FDA has fast approved remdesivir for treating COVID-19, it only speeds up recovery from COVID-19 with mildly reduced mortality. The chloroquine was suggested a potential drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its in vitro antiviral effects, it is imperative high-quality data from worldwide clinical trials are necessitated for an approved therapy. In terms of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy, although WHO has stopped all the clinic trials due to its strong side-effects in COVID patients, large scale clinical trials with a long-term outcome follow-up may warrant HCQ and azithromycin combination in combating the virus. Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy suggested its safety use in SARS-CoV-2 infection; but both CP immunotherapy and NK cellular therapy must be manufactured and utilized according to scrupulous ethical and controlled conditions to guarantee a possible role of these products of human origin. Further research should be conducted to define the exact mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, suitable animal models or ex vivo human lung tissues aid in studying replication, transmission and spread of the novel viruses, thereby facilitating highly effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winglam Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Betsy He
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang F, Hao J, Li N, Xing G, Hu M, Zhang G. Integrated System for Purification and Assembly of PCV Cap Nano Vaccine Based on Targeting Peptide Ligand. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8507-8517. [PMID: 33154640 PMCID: PMC7608655 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s274427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The vaccine design has shifted from attenuated or inactivated whole pathogen vaccines to more pure and defined subunit vaccines. The purification of antigen proteins, especially the precise display of antigen regions, has become a key step affecting the effectiveness of subunit vaccines. Materials and Methods This work presents the application of molecular docking for a peptide ligand designed for PCV2 Cap purification and assembly in one step. Based on the PCV2 Cap protein affinity peptide (L11-DYWWQSWE), the amino terminal of PCV2 Cap was covalently coupled with the polylactic acid–glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) carboxyl terminal through the EDC/NHS method. Results The PLGA had an average diameter of 106 nm. The average diameter increased to 122 nm after the PCV2 Cap protein conjugation, and the Zeta potential shifted from −13.7 mV to −9.6 mV, indicating that the PCV2 Cap protein stably binds to the PLGA. Compared with the free PCV2 Cap protein group, the neutralizing antibody titer was significantly increased on the 14th day after the PLGA-Cap immunization (P < 0.05). The neutralizing antibody level was extremely significant on the 28th day (P < 0.001). The CCK-8 analysis showed that PLGA-Cap had an obvious cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 cells at the PLGA nanoparticle concentration up to 200 μg/mL but had no obvious cytotoxic effect on DC2.4 cells. Compared with the Cap protein group, the antigen-presenting cells had a stronger antigen uptake capacity and a higher fluorescence in the PLGA-Cap group. The immune effect showed that the level of the neutralizing antibody produced by this structure is much better than that of purified protein and helps improve the immune system response. Conclusion This technology provides a potential new perspective for the rapid enrichment of the antigen protein with the affinity peptide ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfang Hao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China.,College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxu Xing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Hu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Harada M, Furuhashi K, Karayama M, Suzuki Y, Hozumi H, Enomoto N, Fujisawa T, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Suda T. Subcutaneous injection of interferon gamma therapy could be useful for anti-IFN-γ autoantibody associated disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. J Infect Chemother 2020; 27:373-378. [PMID: 33071037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the human natural defense systems protects against nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection by IFN-γ producing T lymphocyte cells. Most disseminated NTM infections usually occur in severe immune-compromised patients, such as HIV infection or after organ transplant patients. However, there have been several reports of non-compromised patients with disseminated NTM infection, including antibiotic resistance cases and the presence of a neutralizing antibody against IFN-γ. We elucidated the anti-IFN-γ neutralizing antibody in a 65 year-old Japanese man whose legs were paralyzed because of multiple abscesses in vertebral bodies. Although his vertebral bodies were released due to an operation and antibiotics were administered, this treatment efficacy was poor. Patient's plasma demanded not only IFN-γ expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from healthy controls, but also recombinant human IFN-γ expression. Furthermore, IFN-γ receptor expression was increased, compared to the healthy control. Finally, anti-IFN-γ antibody was detected in his plasma. These results suggested that anti-IFN-γ antibody induced an incurable NTM infection. IFN-γ was subcutaneously administrated with antibiotics, and then the abscesses diminished and his general condition was successfully improved. This therapy might be useful against severe NTM infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Harada
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, Fujieda, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Furuhashi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Masato Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Yuzo Suzuki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Hironao Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Enomoto
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chan SSW, Christopher D, Tan GB, Chong VCL, Fan BE, Lin CY, Ong KH. Peripheral lymphocyte subset alterations in COVID-19 patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 42:e199-e203. [PMID: 32608572 PMCID: PMC7361415 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephrene S W Chan
- Department of Haematology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Dheepa Christopher
- Department of Haematology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Guat B Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Bingwen E Fan
- Department of Haematology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Clement Y Lin
- Department of Haematology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kiat H Ong
- Department of Haematology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Selective reconstitution of IFN‑γ gene function in Ncr1+ NK cells is sufficient to control systemic vaccinia virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008279. [PMID: 32023327 PMCID: PMC7028289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ is an enigmatic cytokine that shows direct anti-viral effects, confers upregulation of MHC-II and other components relevant for antigen presentation, and that adjusts the composition and balance of complex cytokine responses. It is produced during immune responses by innate as well as adaptive immune cells and can critically affect the course and outcome of infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer. To selectively analyze the function of innate immune cell-derived IFN-γ, we generated conditional IFN-γOFF mice, in which endogenous IFN-γ expression is disrupted by a loxP flanked gene trap cassette inserted into the first intron of the IFN-γ gene. IFN-γOFF mice were intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre or CD4-Cre mice that express Cre mainly in NK cells (IFN-γNcr1-ON mice) or T cells (IFN-γCD4-ON mice), respectively. Rosa26RFP reporter mice intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre mice showed selective RFP expression in more than 80% of the NK cells, while upon intercrossing with CD4-Cre mice abundant RFP expression was detected in T cells, but also to a minor extent in other immune cell subsets. Previous studies showed that IFN-γ expression is needed to promote survival of vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. Interestingly, during VACV infection of wild type and IFN-γCD4-ON mice two waves of serum IFN-γ were induced that peaked on day 1 and day 3/4 after infection. Similarly, VACV infected IFN-γNcr1-ON mice mounted two waves of IFN-γ responses, of which the first one was moderately and the second one profoundly reduced when compared with WT mice. Furthermore, IFN-γNcr1-ON as well as IFN-γCD4-ON mice survived VACV infection, whereas IFN-γOFF mice did not. As expected, ex vivo analysis of splenocytes derived from VACV infected IFN-γNcr1-ON mice showed IFN-γ expression in NK cells, but not T cells, whereas IFN-γOFF mice showed IFN-γ expression neither in NK cells nor T cells. VACV infected IFN-γNcr1-ON mice mounted normal cytokine responses, restored neutrophil accumulation, and showed normal myeloid cell distribution in blood and spleen. Additionally, in these mice normal MHC-II expression was detected on peripheral macrophages, whereas IFN-γOFF mice did not show MHC-II expression on such cells. In conclusion, upon VACV infection Ncr1 positive cells including NK cells mount two waves of early IFN-γ responses that are sufficient to promote the induction of protective anti-viral immunity. Viral infections induce interferon (IFN) responses that constitute a first line of defense. Type II IFN (IFN-γ) is required for protection against lethal vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. To address the cellular origin of protective IFN-γ responses during VACV infection, we generated IFN-γOFF mice, in which the endogenous IFN-γ gene function can be reconstituted in a Cre-dependent manner. IFN-γOFF mice were intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre mice that express Cre selectively in Ncr1+ innate cell subsests such as NK cells. Surprisingly, VACV infected IFN-γNcr1-ON mice mounted two waves of IFN-γ responses. Reconstitution of innate IFN-γ was sufficient to restore cytokine responses that supported normal myeloid cell distribution and survival upon VACV infection. In conclusion, IFN-γ derived from Ncr1+ innate immune cells is sufficient to elicit fully effective immune responses upon VACV infection. Our new mouse model is suitable to further address the role of Ncr1+ cell-derived IFN-γ also in other models of infection, as well as of autoimmunity and cancer.
Collapse
|
20
|
Afshari A, Yaghobi R, Karimi MH, Azarpira N, Geramizadeh B, Darbouy M, Malek-Hosseini SA. Association between Interleukin-21, 23 and 27 Expression and Protein Level with Cytomegalovirus Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2020; 11:27-34. [PMID: 33324475 PMCID: PMC7724771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines have regulatory crosstalk with CMV infection leading to manage of post-liver transplantation virus-related outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the link between IL-21, IL-23 and IL-27 mRNA and protein level with active CMV infection, which was evaluated in reactivated and non-reactivated liver transplant recipients. METHODS Two groups of liver transplant recipients were enrolled in this study-54 without and 15 with active CMV infection. 3 EDTA-treated blood samples were taken on day 1, 4, and 7 post-liver transplantation. Plasma and buffy coats of all samples were separated. All samples were analyzed for CMV reactivation using antigenemia technique. The separated plasma of positive samples was used for viral DNA extraction and protein evaluation. For evaluating the mRNA expression level by real-time PCR, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were done for all samples. Also, the protein level of studied genes was estimated by ELISA. RESULTS The expression level of IL-21, IL-23A and IL-27A cytokine genes was increased in CMV reactivated liver transplant recipients in comparison with CMV non-reactivated ones; IL-27A expression pattern was significant (p=0.001) at all sampling times. IL-21 significantly increased on the 2nd and 3rd (p=0.028 and 0.01, respectively) sampling days in CMV reactivated compared with non-reactivated patients. The expression level of IL-23A cytokine significantly increased on the 3rd (p=0.017) sampling day in CMV reactivated compared with non-reactivated liver transplant recipients. CONCLUSION Elevation in the expression level of IL-21, IL-23A and IL-27A mRNA and protein level in CMV reactivated patients emphasized on the antiviral role of these cytokines in CMV reactivated liver transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Afshari
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Nephro-urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - R Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M H Karimi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Azarpira
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - B Geramizadeh
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Darbouy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - S A Malek-Hosseini
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Interferon regulatory factor-1 reverses chemoresistance by downregulating the expression of P-glycoprotein in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 457:28-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
22
|
Ahmed F, Ibrahim A, Cooper CL, Kumar A, Crawley AM. Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Impairs M1 Macrophage Differentiation and Contributes to CD8 + T-Cell Dysfunction. Cells 2019; 8:E374. [PMID: 31027182 PMCID: PMC6523920 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes generalized CD8+ T cell impairment, not limited to HCV-specific CD8+ T-cells. Liver-infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) contribute to the local micro-environment and can interact with and influence cells routinely trafficking through the liver, including CD8+ T-cells. MDMs can be polarized into M1 (classically activated) and M2a, M2b, and M2c (alternatively activated) phenotypes that perform pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, respectively. The impact of chronic HCV infection on MDM subset functions is not known. Our results show that M1 cells generated from chronic HCV patients acquire M2 characteristics, such as increased CD86 expression and IL-10 secretion, compared to uninfected controls. In contrast, M2 subsets from HCV-infected individuals acquired M1-like features by secreting more IL-12 and IFN-γ. The severity of liver disease was also associated with altered macrophage subset differentiation. In co-cultures with autologous CD8+ T-cells from controls, M1 macrophages alone significantly increased CD8+ T cell IFN-γ expression in a cytokine-independent and cell-contact-dependent manner. However, M1 macrophages from HCV-infected individuals significantly decreased IFN-γ expression in CD8+ T-cells. Therefore, altered M1 macrophage differentiation in chronic HCV infection may contribute to observed CD8+ T-cell dysfunction. Understanding the immunological perturbations in chronic HCV infection will lead to the identification of therapeutic targets to restore immune function in HCV+ individuals, and aid in the mitigation of associated negative clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faria Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Andrea Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Curtis L Cooper
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Public Health and Preventative Medicine, School of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Angela M Crawley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Song X, He J, Xu H, Hu XP, Wu XL, Wu HQ, Liu LZ, Liao CH, Zeng Y, Li Y, Hao Y, Xu CS, Fan L, Zhang J, Zhang HJ, He ZD. The antiviral effects of acteoside and the underlying IFN-γ-inducing action. Food Funct 2018; 7:3017-30. [PMID: 27326537 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00335d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There are many herbal teas that are found in nature that may be effective at treating the symptoms and also shortening the duration of viral infections. When combating viral infections, T lymphocytes are an indispensable part of human acquired immunity. However, studies on the use of natural products in stimulating lymphocyte-mediated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production are very limited. In this study, we found that acteoside, a natural phenylpropanoid glycoside from Kuding Tea, enhanced IFN-γ production in mouse lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner, particularly in the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets of T lymphocytes. To this end, we suggest that the antiviral activity of acteoside was highly correlated to its inducing ability of IFN-γ production. Mechanistically, the activation of T-bet enhanced the promoter of IFN-γ and subsequently resulted in an increased IFN-γ production in T cells. Collectively, we have found a natural product with the capacity to selectively enhance mouse T cell IFN-γ production. Given the role of IFN-γ in the immune system, further studies to clarify the role of acteoside in inducing IFN-γ and prevention of viral infection are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China. and School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Peng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Xu-Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Qiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Zhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng-Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Chen-Shu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen-Dan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Torelli F, Zander S, Ellerbrok H, Kochs G, Ulrich RG, Klotz C, Seeber F. Recombinant IFN-γ from the bank vole Myodes glareolus: a novel tool for research on rodent reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2797. [PMID: 29434310 PMCID: PMC5809609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent species like Myodes glareolus and Microtus spp. are natural reservoirs for many zoonotic pathogens causing human diseases and are gaining increasing interest in the field of eco-immunology as candidate animal models. Despite their importance the lack of immunological reagents has hampered research in these animal species. Here we report the recombinant production and functional characterization of IFN-γ, a central mediator of host’s innate and adaptive immune responses, from the bank vole M. glareolus. Soluble dimeric recMgIFN-γ was purified in high yield from Escherichia coli. Its activity on M. glareolus and Microtus arvalis kidney cell lines was assessed by immunofluorescent detection of nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT1. RecMgIFN-γ also induced expression of an IFN-γ-regulated innate immunity gene. Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication in vole cells upon recMgIFN-γ treatment provided further evidence of its biological activity. Finally, we established a recMgIFN-γ-responsive bank vole reporter cell line that allows the sensitive titration of the cytokine activity via a bioluminescence reporter assay. Taken together, we report valuable tools for future investigations on the immune response against zoonotic pathogens in their natural animal hosts, which might foster the development of novel animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Torelli
- Department of Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Zander
- Department of Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Ellerbrok
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christian Klotz
- Department of Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Seeber
- Department of Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ding P, Zhang T, Li Y, Teng M, Sun Y, Liu X, Chai S, Zhou E, Jin Q, Zhang G. Nanoparticle orientationally displayed antigen epitopes improve neutralizing antibody level in a model of porcine circovirus type 2. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5239-5254. [PMID: 28769561 PMCID: PMC5533572 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in biotechnology have enabled the rapid identification and subsequent expression of pathogenic microbial major antigens that induce protective immune responses. However, subunit vaccines have not been successfully commercialized mainly due to the lack of sufficient levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAs). High levels of NA rely on the efficient recognition and cross-linking of multiple neutralizing epitopes with B-cell receptors (BCRs). Nanoparticles are able to display coupled antigenic arrays at high density and provide multiple binding molecular scenarios with BCRs. The high-resolution antigenic structure makes it possible to accurately display stable neutralizing epitopes. Therefore, the development of a nanovaccine that orientationally displays neutralizing epitopes is a feasible strategy. To address this hypothesis, the capsid (Cap) protein of porcine circovirus type 2 as model antigen was conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through direct reaction of the mercapto group of the unique cysteines with AuNPs, rendering Cap-AuNPs to have neutralizing epitopes on outer surface and an immunodominant epitope buried within the inner surface. In vitro studies showed that AuNPs promoted the phagocytosis of Cap protein and NA levels were significantly improved, meanwhile antibody levels against the immunodominant epitope was significantly reduced. In mouse studies, Cap-AuNP-immunized mice displayed a high production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and interferon-γ, suggesting that Cap-AuNPs can effectively activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and balance Th1 and Th2 cellular responses. This study presents a new vaccine design strategy based on antigen structure, where nanoparticles are coupled to antigens in well-ordered arrays and orientationally display neutralizing epitopes to enhance NA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Teng Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.,College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University
| | - Yafei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Man Teng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Yaning Sun
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Xiao Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou
| | - Shujun Chai
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Enmin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling
| | - Qianyue Jin
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ohs I, van den Broek M, Nussbaum K, Münz C, Arnold SJ, Quezada SA, Tugues S, Becher B. Interleukin-12 bypasses common gamma-chain signalling in emergency natural killer cell lymphopoiesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13708. [PMID: 27982126 PMCID: PMC5172358 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation and homeostasis of natural killer (NK) cells relies on common gamma-chain (γc)-dependent cytokines, in particular IL-15. Consequently, NK cells do not develop in mice with targeted γc deletion. Herein we identify an alternative pathway of NK-cell development driven by the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12, which can occur independently of γc-signalling. In response to viral infection or upon exogenous administration, IL-12 is sufficient to elicit the emergence of a population of CD122+CD49b+ cells by targeting NK-cell precursors (NKPs) in the bone marrow (BM). We confirm the NK-cell identity of these cells by transcriptome-wide analyses and their ability to eliminate tumour cells. Rather than using the conventional pathway of NK-cell development, IL-12-driven CD122+CD49b+ cells remain confined to a NK1.1lowNKp46low stage, but differentiate into NK1.1+NKp46+ cells in the presence of γc-cytokines. Our data reveal an IL-12-driven hard-wired pathway of emergency NK-cell lymphopoiesis bypassing steady-state γc-signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ohs
- Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maries van den Broek
- Tumor Immunology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Nussbaum
- Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian J. Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, and BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergio A. Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bagley K, Xu R, Ota-Setlik A, Egan M, Schwartz J, Fouts T. The catalytic A1 domains of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin are potent DNA adjuvants that evoke mixed Th1/Th17 cellular immune responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:2228-40. [PMID: 26042527 PMCID: PMC4635876 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1026498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA encoded adjuvants are well known for increasing the magnitude of cellular and/or humoral immune responses directed against vaccine antigens. DNA adjuvants can also tune immune responses directed against vaccine antigens to better protect against infection of the target organism. Two potent DNA adjuvants that have unique abilities to tune immune responses are the catalytic A1 domains of Cholera Toxin (CTA1) and Heat-Labile Enterotoxin (LTA1). Here, we have characterized the adjuvant activities of CTA1 and LTA1 using HIV and SIV genes as model antigens. Both of these adjuvants enhanced the magnitude of antigen-specific cellular immune responses on par with those induced by the well-characterized cytokine adjuvants IL-12 and GM-CSF. CTA1 and LTA1 preferentially enhanced cellular responses to the intracellular antigen SIVmac239-gag over those for the secreted HIVBaL-gp120 antigen. IL-12, GM-CSF and electroporation did the opposite suggesting differences in the mechanisms of actions of these diverse adjuvants. Combinations of CTA1 or LTA1 with IL-12 or GM-CSF generated additive and better balanced cellular responses to both of these antigens. Consistent with observations made with the holotoxin and the CTA1-DD adjuvant, CTA1 and LTA1 evoked mixed Th1/Th17 cellular immune responses. Together, these results show that CTA1 and LTA1 are potent DNA vaccine adjuvants that favor the intracellular antigen gag over the secreted antigen gp120 and evoke mixed Th1/Th17 responses against both of these antigens. The results also indicate that achieving a balanced immune response to multiple intracellular and extracellular antigens delivered via DNA vaccination may require combining adjuvants that have different and complementary mechanisms of action.
Collapse
|
28
|
New Insights into the Function of the Immunoproteasome in Immune and Nonimmune Cells. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:541984. [PMID: 26636107 PMCID: PMC4617869 DOI: 10.1155/2015/541984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoproteasome is a highly efficient proteolytic machinery derived from the constitutive proteasome and is abundantly expressed in immune cells. The immunoproteasome plays a critical role in the immune system because it degrades intracellular proteins, for example, those of viral origin, into small proteins. They are further digested into short peptides to be presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In addition, the immunoproteasome influences inflammatory disease pathogenesis through its ability to regulate T cell polarization. The immunoproteasome is also expressed in nonimmune cell types during inflammation or neoplastic transformation, supporting a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and neoplasms. Following the success of inhibitors of the constitutive proteasome, which is now an established treatment modality for multiple myeloma, compounds that selectively inhibit the immunoproteasome are currently under active investigation. This paper will review the functions of the immunoproteasome, highlighting areas where novel pharmacological treatments that regulate immunoproteasome activity could be developed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Paolini R, Bernardini G, Molfetta R, Santoni A. NK cells and interferons. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:113-20. [PMID: 25443799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of Natural Killer cells in host defense against infections as well as in tumour surveillance has been widely appreciated for a number of years. Upon recognition of "altered" cells, NK cells release the content of cytolytic granules, leading to the death of target cells. Moreover, NK cells are powerful producers of chemokines and cytokines, particularly Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), of which they are the earliest source upon a variety of infections. Despite being armed to fight against pathogens, NK cells become fully functional upon an initial phase of activation that requires the action of several cytokines, including type I IFNs. Type I IFNs are now recognized as key players in antiviral defense and immune regulation, and evidences from both mouse models of disease and in vitro studies support the existence of an alliance between type I IFNs and NK cells to ensure effective protection against viral infections. This review will focus on the role of type I IFNs in regulating NK cell functions to elicit antiviral response and on NK cell-produced IFN-γ beneficial and pathological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bustamante J, Boisson-Dupuis S, Abel L, Casanova JL. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease: genetic, immunological, and clinical features of inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:454-70. [PMID: 25453225 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare condition characterized by predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as BCG vaccines and environmental mycobacteria, in otherwise healthy individuals with no overt abnormalities in routine hematological and immunological tests. MSMD designation does not recapitulate all the clinical features, as patients are also prone to salmonellosis, candidiasis and tuberculosis, and more rarely to infections with other intramacrophagic bacteria, fungi, or parasites, and even, perhaps, a few viruses. Since 1996, nine MSMD-causing genes, including seven autosomal (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IL12B, IL12RB1, ISG15, and IRF8) and two X-linked (NEMO, and CYBB) genes have been discovered. The high level of allelic heterogeneity has already led to the definition of 18 different disorders. The nine gene products are physiologically related, as all are involved in IFN-γ-dependent immunity. These disorders impair the production of (IL12B, IL12RB1, IRF8, ISG15, NEMO) or the response to (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IRF8, CYBB) IFN-γ. These defects account for only about half the known MSMD cases. Patients with MSMD-causing genetic defects may display other infectious diseases, or even remain asymptomatic. Most of these inborn errors do not show complete clinical penetrance for the case-definition phenotype of MSMD. We review here the genetic, immunological, and clinical features of patients with inborn errors of IFN-γ-dependent immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France, EU.
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NY, USA; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Deng Y, Chu J, Ren Y, Fan Z, Ji X, Mundy-Bosse B, Yuan S, Hughes T, Zhang J, Cheema B, Camardo AT, Xia Y, Wu LC, Wang LS, He X, Kinghorn AD, Li X, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. The natural product phyllanthusmin C enhances IFN-γ production by human NK cells through upregulation of TLR-mediated NF-κB signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2994-3002. [PMID: 25122922 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are a major source for cancer drug development. NK cells are a critical component of innate immunity with the capacity to destroy cancer cells, cancer-initiating cells, and clear viral infections. However, few reports describe a natural product that stimulates NK cell IFN-γ production and unravel a mechanism of action. In this study, through screening, we found that a natural product, phyllanthusmin C (PL-C), alone enhanced IFN-γ production by human NK cells. PL-C also synergized with IL-12, even at the low cytokine concentration of 0.1 ng/ml, and stimulated IFN-γ production in both human CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cell subsets. Mechanistically, TLR1 and/or TLR6 mediated PL-C's activation of the NF-κB p65 subunit that in turn bound to the proximal promoter of IFNG and subsequently resulted in increased IFN-γ production in NK cells. However, IL-12 and IL-15Rs and their related STAT signaling pathways were not responsible for the enhanced IFN-γ secretion by PL-C. PL-C induced little or no T cell IFN-γ production or NK cell cytotoxicity. Collectively, we identify a natural product with the capacity to selectively enhance human NK cell IFN-γ production. Given the role of IFN-γ in immune surveillance, additional studies to understand the role of this natural product in prevention of cancer or infection in select populations are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Deng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianhong Chu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Zhijin Fan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210; State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaotian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Shunzong Yuan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210; Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tiffany Hughes
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Baljash Cheema
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Andrew T Camardo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China;
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
He D, Li M, Guo S, Zhu P, Huang H, Yan G, Wu Q, Tao S, Tan Z, Wang Y. Expression pattern of serum cytokines in hepatitis B virus infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:1240-9. [PMID: 23954997 PMCID: PMC3782639 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose About 60–80 % of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers are characterized with persistently normal alanine transaminase (ALT). Differences of cytokine expression are associated with the prognosis of HBV infection. We investigated the expression pattern of 30 cytokines associated with anti-HBV immunity in patients with normal ALT. Methods Four patient groups (immune tolerance, inactive hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, resolved hepatitis B, and control; 10 subjects per group) were assigned. Thirty cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23p19, IL-28A, IL-29, CCL5, CCL16, CCL20, CCL22, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, TNFRSF8, TNFRSF18, IL-6R, gp130, and TGF-β1, were measured using a human cytokine antibody array. Signal intensities were obtained by laser scanner. Protein-protein interactions were analyzed by STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins). Results Significant differences of signal intensities were observed for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23p19, IL-28A, and IL-29. The lowest intensity was in controls. Among three HBV infection groups, significant differences were observed in IL-2, IL-4, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23p19, and IL-29. The highest intensity was in the inactive group. All cytokines with significant differences were involved JAK-STAT signaling that up-regulate FOXP3, SOCS3 and MX1. Conclusion Differential expression of cytokines in JAK-STAT signaling is an important factor associated with prognosis of HBV infection. The elevation of γC cytokines, IL-12p70, IL-23p19, and IL-29 may promote spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion and HBV clearance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10875-013-9931-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengming He
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Busbee PB, Rouse M, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Use of natural AhR ligands as potential therapeutic modalities against inflammatory disorders. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:353-69. [PMID: 23731446 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to discuss research involving ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and their role in immunomodulation. While activation of the AhR is well known for its ability to regulate the biochemical and toxic effects of environmental chemicals, more recently an exciting discovery has been made indicating that AhR ligation can also regulate T-cell differentiation, specifically through activation of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and downregulation of the proinflammatory Th17 cells. Such findings have opened new avenues of research on the possibility of targeting the AhR to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Specifically, this review will discuss the current research involving natural and dietary AhR ligands. In addition, evidence indicating the potential use of these ligands in regulating inflammation in various diseases will be highlighted. The importance of the AhR in immunological processes can be illustrated by expression of this receptor on a majority of immune cell types. In addition, AhR signaling pathways have been reported to influence a number of genes responsible for mediating inflammation and other immune responses. As interest in the AhR and its ligands increases, it seems prudent to consolidate current research on the contributions of these ligands to immune regulation during the course of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Busbee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mangalam AK, Taneja V, David CS. HLA class II molecules influence susceptibility versus protection in inflammatory diseases by determining the cytokine profile. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:513-8. [PMID: 23293357 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The MHC in humans encodes the most polymorphic genes, the HLA genes, which are critical for the immune system to clear infection. This can be attributed to strong selection pressure as populations moved to different parts of the world and encountered new kinds of infections, leading to new HLA class II alleles. HLA genes also have the highest relative risk for autoimmune diseases. Three haplotypes, that is, HLA-DR2DQ6, DR4DQ8, and DR3DQ2, account for HLA association with most autoimmune diseases. We hypothesize that these haplotypes, along with their multiple subtypes, have survived bottlenecks of infectious episodes in human history because of their ability to present pathogenic peptides to activate T cells that secrete cytokines to clear infections. Unfortunately, they also present self-peptides/mimics to activate autoreactive T cells secreting proinflammatory cytokines that cause autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Crane DD, Scott DP, Bosio CM. Generation of a convalescent model of virulent Francisella tularensis infection for assessment of host requirements for survival of tularemia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33349. [PMID: 22428026 PMCID: PMC3299770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of tularemia. Development of novel vaccines and therapeutics for tularemia has been hampered by the lack of understanding of which immune components are required to survive infection. Defining these requirements for protection against virulent F. tularensis, such as strain SchuS4, has been difficult since experimentally infected animals typically die within 5 days after exposure to as few as 10 bacteria. Such a short mean time to death typically precludes development, and therefore assessment, of immune responses directed against virulent F. tularensis. To enable identification of the components of the immune system that are required for survival of virulent F. tularensis, we developed a convalescent model of tularemia in C57Bl/6 mice using low dose antibiotic therapy in which the host immune response is ultimately responsible for clearance of the bacterium. Using this model we demonstrate αβTCR+ cells, γδTCR+ cells, and B cells are necessary to survive primary SchuS4 infection. Analysis of mice deficient in specific soluble mediators shows that IL-12p40 and IL-12p35 are essential for survival of SchuS4 infection. We also show that IFN-γ is required for survival of SchuS4 infection since mice lacking IFN-γR succumb to disease during the course of antibiotic therapy. Finally, we found that both CD4+ and CD8+ cells are the primary producers of IFN-γand that γδTCR+ cells and NK cells make a minimal contribution toward production of this cytokine throughout infection. Together these data provide a novel model that identifies key cells and cytokines required for survival or exacerbation of infection with virulent F. tularensis and provides evidence that this model will be a useful tool for better understanding the dynamics of tularemia infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah D. Crane
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Dana P. Scott
- Veterinary Pathology Section, Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Benson JM, Sachs CW, Treacy G, Zhou H, Pendley CE, Brodmerkel CM, Shankar G, Mascelli MA. Therapeutic targeting of the IL-12/23 pathways: generation and characterization of ustekinumab. Nat Biotechnol 2012; 29:615-24. [PMID: 21747388 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the mid-1990s reported strong association and causality between the T-cell helper (T(H)) 1 inductor cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 and numerous immune-mediated disorders, which spurred the development of therapeutic agents targeting IL-12 function. One of the first to enter the clinic, ustekinumab, is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to the p40 subunit of IL-12. Subsequent to the generation of ustekinumab, it was discovered that IL-23 also contains the p40 subunit. Thus, although ustekinumab was designed to target IL-12, it also modulates IL-23, a cytokine important to the development and/or maintenance of T(H)17 cells. Clinical observations established that IL-12/23p40 is integral to the pathologies of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and Crohn's disease. The molecular and cellular evaluations conducted in ustekinumab clinical programs have provided numerous insights into the pathologic processes of these disorders, illustrating how a novel molecular entity can contribute to our understanding of disease. The individual contributions of these cytokines to specific pathologies require investigation and clinical evaluation of the role of IL-12- and IL-23-specific inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Benson
- Centocor Research & Development, Inc., Division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
He D, Yan G, Wang Y. Serum levels of interleukin-12 in various clinical states with hepatitis B virus infection. Cell Immunol 2012; 272:162-5. [PMID: 22112982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
38
|
Lee WI, Huang JL, Yeh KW, Jaing TH, Lin TY, Huang YC, Chiu CH. Immune defects in active mycobacterial diseases in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). J Formos Med Assoc 2011; 110:750-8. [PMID: 22248828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural human immunity to the mycobacteria group, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and/or Salmonella species, relies on the functional IL-12/23-IFN-γ integrity of macrophages (monocyte/dendritic cell) connecting to T lymphocyte/NK cells. Patients with severe forms of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) have more profound immune defects involving this impaired circuit in patients with severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID) including complete DiGeorge syndrome, X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (HIGM) (CD40L mutation), CD40 deficiency, immunodeficiency with or without anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (NEMO and IKBA mutations), chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and hyper IgE recurrent infection syndromes (HIES). The patients with severe PIDs have broader diverse infections rather than mycobacterial infections. In contrast, patients with an isolated inborn error of the IL-12/23-IFN-γ pathway are exclusively prone to low-virulence mycobacterial infections and nontyphoid salmonella infections, known as Mendelian susceptibility to the mycobacterial disease (MSMD) phenotype. Restricted defective molecules in the circuit, including IFN-γR1, IFN-γR2, IL-12p40, IL-12R-β1, STAT-1, NEMO, IKBA and the recently discovered CYBB responsible for autophagocytic vacuole and proteolysis, and interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) for dendritic cell immunodeficiency, have been identified in around 60% of patients with the MSMD phenotype. Among all of the patients with PIDs referred for investigation since 1985, we have identified four cases with the specific defect (IFNRG1 for three and IL12RB for one), presenting as both BCG-induced diseases and NTM infections, in addition to some patients with SCID, HIGM, CGD and HIES. Furthermore, manifestations in patients with autoantibodies to IFN-γ (autoAbs-IFN-γ), which is categorized as an anticytokine autoantibody syndrome, can resemble the relatively persistent MSMD phenotype lacking BCG-induced diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-I Lee
- Primary Immunodeficiency Care And Research (PICAR) Institute, Chang Gung Medical Hospital and Children's Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vallejo AN, Hamel DL, Mueller RG, Ives DG, Michel JJ, Boudreau RM, Newman AB. NK-like T cells and plasma cytokines, but not anti-viral serology, define immune fingerprints of resilience and mild disability in exceptional aging. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26558. [PMID: 22028907 PMCID: PMC3197651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exceptional aging has been defined as maintenance of physical and cognitive function beyond the median lifespan despite a history of diseases and/or concurrent subclinical conditions. Since immunity is vital to individual fitness, we examined immunologic fingerprint(s) of highly functional elders. Therefore, survivors of the Cardiovascular Health Study in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA were recruited (n = 140; mean age = 86 years) and underwent performance testing. Blood samples were collected and examined blindly for humoral factors and T cell phenotypes. Based on results of physical and cognitive performance testing, elders were classified as "impaired" or "unimpaired", accuracy of group assignment was verified by discriminant function analysis. The two groups showed distinct immune profiles as determined by factor analysis. The dominant immune signature of impaired elders consisted of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and T cells expressing inhibitory natural killer-related receptors (NKR) CD158a, CD158e, and NKG2A. In contrast, the dominant signature of unimpaired elders consisted of IL-5, IL-12p70, and IL-13 with co-expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, and T cells expressing stimulatory NKRs CD56, CD16, and NKG2D. In logistic regression models, unimpaired phenotype was predicted independently by IL-5 and by CD4(+)CD28(null)CD56(+)CD57(+) T cells. All elders had high antibody titers to common viruses including cytomegalovirus. In cellular bioassays, T cell receptor (TCR)-independent ligation of either CD56 or NKG2D elicited activation of T cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate the importance of immunological parameters in distinguishing between health phenotypes of older adults. NKR(+) T cells and cytokine upregulation indicate a unique physiologic environment in old age. Correlation of particular NKR(+) T cell subsets and IL-5 with unimpaired performance, and NKR-driven TCR-independent activation of T cells suggest novel immunopathway(s) that could be exploited to improve immunity in old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbe N Vallejo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gordon KB, Papp KA, Langley RG, Ho V, Kimball AB, Guzzo C, Yeilding N, Szapary PO, Fakharzadeh S, Li S, Hsu MC, Reich K. Long-term safety experience of ustekinumab in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis (Part II of II): results from analyses of infections and malignancy from pooled phase II and III clinical trials. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 66:742-51. [PMID: 21978572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ustekinumab targets interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the impact of ustekinumab on infections and malignancies, both theoretical risks of blocking IL-12 and IL-23, in patients exposed up to 3 years. METHODS Rates of infections and malignancies were evaluated in cumulative safety data from 3117 ustekinumab-treated patients across 4 studies. RESULTS During the placebo-controlled periods, rates of overall infections per 100 patient-years were similar among placebo (121.0), ustekinumab 45-mg (145.7), and ustekinumab 90-mg (132.2) groups, with overlapping confidence intervals, and remained stable through 3 years in ustekinumab groups. Rates of serious infections during the placebo-controlled periods were similar between placebo (1.70) and 90-mg (1.97) groups, yet lower in the 45-mg group (0.49). Rates remained stable (90 mg) or decreased (45 mg) over time, and were comparable with those for the US psoriasis population based on a managed care database. Rates of malignancies during the placebo-controlled periods were comparable among groups (placebo: 1.70; 45 mg: 0.99; 90 mg: 0.98) and remained stable over time in ustekinumab groups. Rates of malignancies, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, were comparable with rates expected in the general US population based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. LIMITATIONS Controlled periods do not extend beyond 12 to 20 weeks. Only 1247 patients were treated for at least 2 years, to date. Comparator database populations may not fully represent the clinical trial population. CONCLUSIONS The emerging safety profile of ustekinumab remains favorable and does not suggest increased rates of infection or malignancy through 3 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B Gordon
- NorthShore University Health System and University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yeilding N, Szapary P, Brodmerkel C, Benson J, Plotnick M, Zhou H, Goyal K, Schenkel B, Giles-Komar J, Mascelli MA, Guzzo C. Development of the IL-12/23 antagonist ustekinumab in psoriasis: past, present, and future perspectives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1222:30-9. [PMID: 21434940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of ustekinumab as a first-in-class anti-interleukin (IL) 12/23p40 therapeutic agent for psoriasis represents an important example of modern and rational drug design and development. Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic, immune-mediated skin disorder with considerable clinical, psychosocial, and economic burden. Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds the p40 subunit common to IL-12 and IL-23, key cytokines in psoriasis pathogenesis. The therapeutic mAb was developed using human gamma-1 immunoglobulin (IgG)-expressing transgenic mice, which created a molecule with endogenous IgG(1) biologic properties and low immunogenicity. Ustekinumab was well tolerated in clinical studies and yielded rapid, significant, and sustained efficacy plus improved quality of life/work performance and reduced depression/anxiety. Its pharmacologic properties afford the most convenient dosing regimen among approved biologics, representing a significant advancement in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Ustekinumab also holds promise for other immune-mediated disorders with significant unmet need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Newman Yeilding
- Centocor Research and Development, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19087, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011; 24:210-29. [PMID: 21233513 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00014-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium acts as a frontline defense against respiratory viruses, not only as a physical barrier and through the mucociliary apparatus but also through its immunological functions. It initiates multiple innate and adaptive immune mechanisms which are crucial for efficient antiviral responses. The interaction between respiratory viruses and airway epithelial cells results in production of antiviral substances, including type I and III interferons, lactoferrin, β-defensins, and nitric oxide, and also in production of cytokines and chemokines, which recruit inflammatory cells and influence adaptive immunity. These defense mechanisms usually result in rapid virus clearance. However, respiratory viruses elaborate strategies to evade antiviral mechanisms and immune responses. They may disrupt epithelial integrity through cytotoxic effects, increasing paracellular permeability and damaging epithelial repair mechanisms. In addition, they can interfere with immune responses by blocking interferon pathways and by subverting protective inflammatory responses toward detrimental ones. Finally, by inducing overt mucus secretion and mucostasis and by paving the way for bacterial infections, they favor lung damage and further impair host antiviral mechanisms.
Collapse
|
43
|
Brandstadter JD, Yang Y. Natural killer cell responses to viral infection. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:274-9. [PMID: 21411975 DOI: 10.1159/000324176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, as part of the innate immune system, play a key role in host defense against viral infections. Recent advances have indicated that NK cell activation and function are regulated by the interplay between inhibitory and activating signals. Thus, a better understanding of mechanisms responsible for NK cell activation and function in the control of viral infections will help develop NK cell-based therapies. In this review, we will first discuss how NK cells are activated in response to viral infections. We will then focus on the recruitment of activated NK cells to the site of infection as well as on NK cell effector mechanisms against virally infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Brandstadter
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Donnelly RP, Kotenko SV. Interferon-lambda: a new addition to an old family. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 30:555-64. [PMID: 20712453 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and initial description of the interferon-lambda (IFN-lambda) family in early 2003 opened an exciting new chapter in the field of IFN research. There are 3 IFN-lambda genes that encode 3 distinct but highly related proteins denoted IFN-lambda1, -lambda2, and -lambda3. These proteins are also known as interleukin-29 (IL-29), IL-28A, and IL-28B, respectively. Collectively, these 3 cytokines comprise the type III subset of IFNs. They are distinct from both type I and type II IFNs for a number of reasons, including the fact that they signal through a heterodimeric receptor complex that is different from the receptors used by type I or type II IFNs. Although type I IFNs (IFN-alpha/beta) and type III IFNs (IFN-lambda) signal via distinct receptor complexes, they activate the same intracellular signaling pathway and many of the same biological activities, including antiviral activity, in a wide variety of target cells. Consistent with their antiviral activity, expression of the IFN-lambda genes and their corresponding proteins is inducible by infection with many types of viruses. Therefore, expression of the type III IFNs (IFN-lambdas) and their primary biological activity are very similar to the type I IFNs. However, unlike IFN-alpha receptors which are broadly expressed on most cell types, including leukocytes, IFN-lambda receptors are largely restricted to cells of epithelial origin. The potential clinical importance of IFN-lambda as a novel antiviral therapeutic agent is already apparent. In addition, preclinical studies by several groups indicate that IFN-lambda may also be useful as a potential therapeutic agent for other clinical indications, including certain types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Donnelly
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
T cell-, interleukin-12-, and gamma interferon-driven viral clearance in measles virus-infected brain tissue. J Virol 2011; 85:3664-76. [PMID: 21270150 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01496-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies with immunocompetent mice show the importance of both T cells and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) for survival of a measles virus (MV) challenge; however, the direct role of T cells and IFN-γ within the MV-infected brain has not been addressed. Organotypic brain explants represent a successful ex vivo system to define central nervous system (CNS)-specific mechanisms of leukocyte migration, activation, and MV clearance. Within the heterogeneous, brain-derived, primed leukocyte population which reduced MV RNA levels in brain explants by 60%, CD3 T cells are the active antiviral cells, as purified CD3-positive cells are highly antiviral and CD3-negative leukocytes are unable to reduce the viral load. Neutralization of CCL5 and CXCL10 decreases leukocyte migration to areas of infection by 70%. However, despite chemokines directing the migration of T cells to infected neurons, chemokine neutralization revealed that migration is not required for viral clearance, suggesting a cytokine-mediated antiviral mechanism. In accordance with our hypothesis, the ability of leukocytes to clear the virus is abrogated when explants are treated with anti-IFN-γ neutralizing antibodies. IFN-γ applied to infected slices in the absence of primed leukocytes reduces the viral load by more than 80%; therefore, in brain tissue, IFN-γ is both necessary and sufficient to clear MV. Secretion of IFN-γ is stimulated by interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the brain, as neutralization of IL-12 results in loss of antiviral activity and stimulation of leukocytes with IL-12/IL-18 enhances their immune effector function of viral clearance. MV-primed leukocytes can reduce both West Nile and mouse hepatitis viral RNAs, indicating that cytokine-mediated viral clearance occurs in an antigen-independent manner. The IFN-γ signal is transduced within the brain explant by the Jak/STAT signaling pathway, as inhibition of Jak kinases results in a loss of antiviral activity driven by either brain-derived leukocytes or recombinant IFN-γ. These results reveal that primed T cells directly act to clear MV infection of the brain by using a noncytolytic IL-12- and IFN-γ-dependent mechanism in the CNS and that this mechanism relies upon Jak/STAT signaling.
Collapse
|
46
|
Xu X, Huang L, Weng S, Wang J, Lin T, Tang J, Li Z, Lu Q, Xia Q, Yu X, He J. Tetraodon nigroviridis as a nonlethal model of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection. Virology 2010; 406:167-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
47
|
Lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus exacerbates respiratory disease in porcine respiratory coronavirus-infected pigs. Vet J 2010; 188:210-5. [PMID: 20409735 PMCID: PMC2932768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess if lipoteichoic acid (LTA), produced by Staphylococcus aureus, exacerbates respiratory disease in porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV)-infected pigs, as has previously been shown with lipopolysaccharide. Piglets were inoculated with PRCV and 24 h later with S. aureus LTA. Clinical signs, lung virus titres, inflammatory cells and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were compared with those of animals in PRCV- and LTA-inoculated control groups. All PRCV–LTA-inoculated pigs except one developed severe respiratory disease, whereas clinical signs in the control groups were minimal or absent. Virus titres and grossly visible pulmonary lesions were similar in the PRCV–LTA- and PRCV-inoculated groups and were not detected in the LTA group. Neutrophil percentages in BALF were higher in the PRCV–LTA than in the PRCV group. There was no significant difference in interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12/IL-23 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in BALF between the PRCV–LTA and PRCV groups, but levels of IL-6, IL-12/IL-23 and IFN-γ were higher in the PRCV–LTA-inoculated than in the LTA-inoculated controls. The findings suggest that the experimentally-induced respiratory disease was not mediated by cytokine over-production, but rather reflected the concerted action of particular cytokine interactions and/or as yet unidentified mediators. This is the first in vivo study to report the synergistic interaction between a virus and LTA in enhancing the severity of respiratory disease in the pig. Given that Gram-positive bacteria, capable of producing LTA, are commonly found in pig accommodation, the role of this compound in the development of the porcine respiratory disease complex requires further investigation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Atanasova K, Van Gucht S, Van Reeth K. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy does not ameliorate disease in a model of acute virus-endotoxin mediated respiratory disease in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 137:12-9. [PMID: 20466438 PMCID: PMC2922464 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been shown to play a role in many inflammatory conditions. Currently anti-TNF-α drugs (e.g. etanercept) are used in humans for treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study we aimed to elucidate the role of TNF-α in the development of virus-endotoxin-induced respiratory disease. Twenty-two caesarean derived colostrum deprived pigs were used. Initially, the availability in the lungs and circulation, and possible clinical and inflammatory effects of etanercept alone were assessed in 4 pigs after intratracheal and intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 mg/per route/per pig. High anti-TNF-α activity was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, peritoneal lavage fluids and serum of all animals for at least 8 h post-inoculation (HPI). No clinical symptoms, lung lesions, lung cell infiltration or induction of IFN-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in BAL were detected. Subsequently, the ability of etanercept to block porcine TNF-α and its effect on the above mentioned parameters and on lung virus titres were assessed in 8 pigs. They were inoculated intratracheally with porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 24 h later. Etanercept was administered at the time of LPS inoculation via the same routes and dose as in the initial experiment. The parameters were compared with a control group (n = 8), receiving only PRCV-LPS. Half of the animals from each group were euthanized at 4 and the rest at 8 h after LPS inoculation. TNF-α was completely neutralized in 3 of the 4 animals euthanized at 4 HPI and significantly lower than in the PRCV-LPS group at all times. No significant differences in disease severity, lung lesions, virus replication, lung cell infiltration or levels of IFN-α, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12/IL-23 were observed between the two groups. Blocking of TNF-α alone was not sufficient to ameliorate disease in the PRCV-LPS model of respiratory disease, possibly due to the redundancy in the proinflammatory cytokine cascade, or the involvement of other unidentified disease mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Atanasova
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hamza T, Barnett JB, Li B. Interleukin 12 a key immunoregulatory cytokine in infection applications. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:789-806. [PMID: 20479986 PMCID: PMC2869233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11030789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (termed IL-12p70 and commonly designated IL-12) is an important immunoregulatory cytokine that is produced mainly by antigen-presenting cells. The expression of IL-12 during infection regulates innate responses and determines the type of adaptive immune responses. IL-12 induces interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and triggers CD4+ T cells to differentiate into type 1 T helper (Th1) cells. Studies have suggested that IL-12 could play a vital role in treating many diseases, such as viral and bacterial infections and cancers. The unique heterodimeric structure, which IL-12 shares with its family members including IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35, has recently brought more attention to understanding the mechanisms that regulate the functions of IL-12. This article describes the structure and biological activities of IL-12 in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and discusses the applications of IL-12 in treating and preventing infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therwa Hamza
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mail:
(T.H.)
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - John B. Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mail:
(J.B.B.)
| | - Bingyun Li
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mail:
(T.H.)
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- WVNano Initiative, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +1-304-293-1075; Fax: +1-304-293-7070
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Elliott M, Benson J, Blank M, Brodmerkel C, Baker D, Sharples KR, Szapary P. Ustekinumab: lessons learned from targeting interleukin-12/23p40 in immune-mediated diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1182:97-110. [PMID: 20074279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 are related cytokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated disorders. IL-12 and IL-23 are heterodimers made up of a common p40 subunit complexed to unique p35 (IL-12) or p19 (IL-23) subunits. Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that specifically binds the p40 subunit of IL-12/23. Ustekinumab prevents IL-12 and IL-23 from binding their cell surface receptor complexes, thereby blocking the T helper (Th) 1 (IL-12) and Th17 (IL-23) inflammatory pathways. Here, we discuss the preclinical and human translational data supporting a role for IL-12/23 in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated disorders, and how that rationale was challenged in the clinic during the course of the ustekinumab development program in several indications including psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, and multiple sclerosis. We review the key efficacy and safety data in each of these immune-mediated diseases and compare and contrast the safety lessons learned from IL-12/23 genetically-deficient mice and humans in context of the overall clinical trial experience with ustekinumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Elliott
- TransForm Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|