1
|
Chouhan S, Sridaran D, Weimholt C, Luo J, Li T, Hodgson MC, Santos LN, Le Sommer S, Fang B, Koomen JM, Seeliger M, Qu CK, Yart A, Kontaridis MI, Mahajan K, Mahajan NP. SHP2 as a primordial epigenetic enzyme expunges histone H3 pTyr-54 to amend androgen receptor homeostasis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5629. [PMID: 38965223 PMCID: PMC11224269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations that decrease or increase the activity of the tyrosine phosphatase, SHP2 (encoded by PTPN11), promotes developmental disorders and several malignancies by varying phosphatase activity. We uncovered that SHP2 is a distinct class of an epigenetic enzyme; upon phosphorylation by the kinase ACK1/TNK2, pSHP2 was escorted by androgen receptor (AR) to chromatin, erasing hitherto unidentified pY54-H3 (phosphorylation of histones H3 at Tyr54) epigenetic marks to trigger a transcriptional program of AR. Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML) patients, SHP2 knock-in mice, and ACK1 knockout mice presented dramatic increase in pY54-H3, leading to loss of AR transcriptome. In contrast, prostate tumors with high pSHP2 and pACK1 activity exhibited progressive downregulation of pY54-H3 levels and higher AR expression that correlated with disease severity. Overall, pSHP2/pY54-H3 signaling acts as a sentinel of AR homeostasis, explaining not only growth retardation, genital abnormalities and infertility among NSML patients, but also significant AR upregulation in prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Chouhan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- 6601, Cancer Research Building, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dhivya Sridaran
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- 6601, Cancer Research Building, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- Bioinformatics Research Core, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Myles C Hodgson
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
| | - Luana N Santos
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
| | - Samantha Le Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Moffitt Cancer Center, SRB3, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Moffitt Cancer Center, SRB3, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Markus Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University Medical School, BST 7-120, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8651, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Armelle Yart
- UMR 1301-Inserm 5070-CNRS EFS Univ. P. Sabatier, 4bis Ave Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria I Kontaridis
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- 6601, Cancer Research Building, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- 6601, Cancer Research Building, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evergren E, Mills IG, Kennedy G. Adaptations of membrane trafficking in cancer and tumorigenesis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260943. [PMID: 38770683 PMCID: PMC11166456 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking, a fundamental cellular process encompassing the transport of molecules to specific organelles, endocytosis at the plasma membrane and protein secretion, is crucial for cellular homeostasis and signalling. Cancer cells adapt membrane trafficking to enhance their survival and metabolism, and understanding these adaptations is vital for improving patient responses to therapy and identifying therapeutic targets. In this Review, we provide a concise overview of major membrane trafficking pathways and detail adaptations in these pathways, including COPII-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi vesicle trafficking, COPI-dependent retrograde Golgi-to-ER trafficking and endocytosis, that have been found in cancer. We explore how these adaptations confer growth advantages or resistance to cell death and conclude by discussing the potential for utilising this knowledge in developing new treatment strategies and overcoming drug resistance for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Evergren
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ian G. Mills
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Grace Kennedy
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Atwell B, Chalasani P, Schroeder J. Nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor as a therapeutic target. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:616-629. [PMID: 37720348 PMCID: PMC10501894 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most well-studied oncogenes with roles in proliferation, growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. This intense study has led to the development of a range of targeted therapeutics including small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), monoclonal antibodies, and nanobodies. These drugs are excellent at blocking the activation and kinase function of wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR) and several common EGFR mutants. These drugs have significantly improved outcomes for patients with cancers including head and neck, glioblastoma, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, therapeutic resistance is often seen, resulting from acquired mutations or activation of compensatory signaling pathways. Additionally, these therapies are ineffective in tumors where EGFR is found predominantly in the nucleus, as can be found in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In TNBC, EGFR is subjected to alternative trafficking which drives the nuclear localization of the receptor. In the nucleus, EGFR interacts with several proteins to activate transcription, DNA repair, migration, and chemoresistance. Nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) correlates with metastatic disease and worse patient prognosis yet targeting its nuclear localization has proved difficult. This review provides an overview of current EGFR-targeted therapies and novel peptide-based therapies that block nEGFR, as well as their clinical applications and potential for use in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Atwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Pavani Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Joyce Schroeder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xi X, Lei F, Gao K, Li J, Liu R, Karpf AR, Bronich TK. Ligand-installed polymeric nanocarriers for combination chemotherapy of EGFR-positive ovarian cancer. J Control Release 2023; 360:872-887. [PMID: 37478915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapeutic drugs administered via a single nanocarrier for cancer treatment provides benefits in reducing dose-limiting toxicities, improving the pharmacokinetic properties of the cargo and achieving spatial-temporal synchronization of drug exposure for maximized synergistic therapeutic effects. In an attempt to develop such a multi-drug carrier, our work focuses on functional multimodal polypeptide-based polymeric nanogels (NGs). Diblock copolymers poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PGlu) modified with phenylalanine (Phe) were successfully synthesized and characterized. Self-assembly behavior of the resulting polymers was utilized for the synthesis of NGs with hydrophobic domains in cross-linked polyion cores coated with inert PEG chains. The resulting NGs were small (ca. 70 nm in diameter) and were able to encapsulate the combination of drugs with different physicochemical properties such as cisplatin and neratinib. Drug combination-loaded NGs exerted a selective synergistic cytotoxicity towards EGFR overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, we developed ligand-installed EGFR-targeted NGs and tested them as an EGFR-overexpressing tumor-specific delivery system. Both in vitro and in vivo, ligand-installed NGs displayed preferential associations with EGFR (+) tumor cells. Ligand-installed NGs carrying cisplatin and neratinib significantly improved the treatment response of ovarian cancer xenografts. We also confirmed the importance of simultaneous administration of the dual drug combination via a single NG system which provides more therapeutic benefit than individual drug-loaded NGs administered at equivalent doses. This work illustrates the potential of our carrier system to mediate efficient delivery of a drug combination to treat EGFR overexpressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Fan Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Keliang Gao
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA
| | - Rihe Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shteinman ER, Vergara IA, Rawson RV, Lo SN, Maeda N, Koyama K, da Silva IP, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Wilmott JS, Menzies AM. Molecular and clinical correlates of HER3 expression highlights its potential role as a therapeutic target in melanoma. Pathology 2023:S0031-3025(23)00121-6. [PMID: 37286471 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor family member HER3 (erbB3) has been implicated in several types of cancer and recently drugs targeting HER3 have shown promising clinical activity. In melanoma, HER3 overexpression has been linked to both metastasis formation and resistance to drug therapy in cell culture models. Here, we sought to characterise the expression of HER3 in 187 melanoma biopsies (149 cutaneous, 38 mucosal) using immunohistochemistry, as well as to analyse the association between HER3 expression and molecular, clinical and pathological variables. A subset of the cutaneous melanoma specimens was taken prior to treatment with immune checkpoint blockade therapy (pre-ICB) (n=79). HER3 expression (≥1+) was observed in 136 of 187 samples (∼73%). HER3 expression was found to be markedly lower in the mucosal melanomas, with 17 of the 38 tumours (∼45%) demonstrating no HER3 expression. In cutaneous melanomas, there was a negative association between HER3 expression and mutational load, a positive association with NRAS mutational status, and a trend of negative association with PD-L1 expression. In the pre-ICB cohort, an association was found between high HER3 expression (≥2+) and overall survival after anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy. Overall, our results indicate that HER3 is a promising therapeutic avenue in cutaneous melanoma worthy of further clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva R Shteinman
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ismael A Vergara
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert V Rawson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Serigne N Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Inês Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Wang X, Hamdan FH, Likhobabina A, Patil S, Aperdannier L, Sen M, Traub J, Neesse A, Fischer A, Papantonis A, Singh SK, Ellenrieder V, Johnsen SA, Hessmann E. NFATc1 Is a Central Mediator of EGFR-Induced ARID1A Chromatin Dissociation During Acinar Cell Reprogramming. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1219-1246. [PMID: 36758798 PMCID: PMC10064440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Loss of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) fosters acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic carcinogenesis by down-regulating transcription programs controlling acinar cell identity. However, how ARID1A reacts to metaplasia-triggering environmental cues remains elusive. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of ARID1A in controlling ductal pancreatic gene signatures and deciphering hierarchical signaling cues determining ARID1A-dependent chromatin regulation during acinar cell reprogramming. METHODS Acinar cell explants with differential ARID1A status were subjected to genome-wide expression analyses. The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, NFATc1 activity, and ARID1A status on acinar reprogramming processes were characterized by ex vivo ADM assays and transgenic mouse models. EGFR-dependent ARID1A chromatin binding was studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis and cellular fractionation. RESULTS EGFR signaling interferes with ARID1A-dependent transcription by inducing genome-wide ARID1A displacement, thereby phenocopying ARID1A loss-of-function mutations and inducing a shift toward ADM permissive ductal transcription programs. Moreover, we show that EGFR signaling is required to push ARID1A-deficient acinar cells toward a metaplastic phenotype. Mechanistically, we identified the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) as the central regulatory hub mediating both EGFR signaling-induced genomic ARID1A displacement and the induction of ADM-promoting gene signatures in the absence of ARID1A. Consequently, pharmacologic inhibition of NFATc1 or its depletion in transgenic mice not only preserves genome-wide ARID1A occupancy, but also attenuates acinar metaplasia led by ARID1A loss. CONCLUSIONS Our data describe an intimate relationship between environmental signaling and chromatin remodeling in orchestrating cell fate decisions in the pancreas, and illustrate how ARID1A loss influences transcriptional regulation in acinar cell reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Feda H Hamdan
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anna Likhobabina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shilpa Patil
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Aperdannier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Madhobi Sen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jacobe Traub
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Lower Saxony, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Lower Saxony, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pyrazole derivatives as potent EGFR inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico and biodistribution study. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1755-1769. [PMID: 36524436 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Synthesis of pyrazole derivatives as EGFR inhibitors. Materials & methods: Cytotoxicity and EGFR inhibitory effect were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and EGFR kits, respectively. The biodistribution of radioiodinated compound nanoparticles in tumor-bearing mice was studied. Results: The IC50 values of compound 4a against HepG2 cells and EGFR were 0.15 ± 0.03 and 0.31 ± 0.008 μM, respectively, while those of erlotinib were 0.73 ± 0.04 and 0.11 ± 0.008 μM, respectively. The binding scores of compound 4a and erlotinib to EGFR were -9.52 and -10.23 Kcal/mol, respectively. The maximum tumor uptake of radioiodinated compound after intravenous nanoparticle injection was 6.7 ± 0.3% radioactivity/g. Conclusion: Compound 4a is a promising antitumor agent with a potential EGFR inhibitory effect.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao Z, Cai Z, Jiang T, Han J, Zhang B. Histone Chaperones and Digestive Cancer: A Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225584. [PMID: 36428674 PMCID: PMC9688693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of digestive cancer is expected to increase. Therefore, crucial for the prognosis of patients with these tumors is to identify early diagnostic markers or novel therapeutic targets. There is accumulating evidence connecting histone chaperones to the pathogenesis of digestive cancer. Histone chaperones are now broadly defined as a class of proteins that bind histones and regulate nucleosome assembly. Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple histone chaperones are aberrantly expressed and have distinct roles in digestive cancers. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to present the current evidence regarding the role of histone chaperones in digestive cancer, particularly their mechanism in the development and progression of esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. In addition, the prognostic significance of particular histone chaperones in patients with digestive cancer is discussed. METHODS According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched the PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE databases to identify studies on histone chaperones and digestive cancer from inception until June 2022. RESULTS A total of 104 studies involving 21 histone chaperones were retrieved. CONCLUSIONS This review confirms the roles and mechanisms of selected histone chaperones in digestive cancer and suggests their significance as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, due to their non-specificity, more research on histone chaperones should be conducted in the future to elucidate novel strategies of histone chaperones for prognosis and treatment of digestive cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaolun Cai
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianxiang Jiang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-28-854-228-72
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Levatić J, Salvadores M, Fuster-Tormo F, Supek F. Mutational signatures are markers of drug sensitivity of cancer cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2926. [PMID: 35614096 PMCID: PMC9132939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analyses have revealed mutational footprints associated with DNA maintenance gone awry, or with mutagen exposures. Because cancer therapeutics often target DNA synthesis or repair, we asked if mutational signatures make useful markers of drug sensitivity. We detect mutational signatures in cancer cell line exomes (where matched healthy tissues are not available) by adjusting for the confounding germline mutation spectra across ancestries. We identify robust associations between various mutational signatures and drug activity across cancer cell lines; these are as numerous as associations with established genetic markers such as driver gene alterations. Signatures of prior exposures to DNA damaging agents - including chemotherapy - tend to associate with drug resistance, while signatures of deficiencies in DNA repair tend to predict sensitivity towards particular therapeutics. Replication analyses across independent drug and CRISPR genetic screening data sets reveal hundreds of robust associations, which are provided as a resource for drug repurposing guided by mutational signature markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurica Levatić
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Salvadores
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Fuster-Tormo
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- MDS Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Fran Supek
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gabellini D, Pedrotti S. The SUV4-20H Histone Methyltransferases in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094736. [PMID: 35563127 PMCID: PMC9102147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-translational modification of histone tails is a dynamic process that provides chromatin with high plasticity. Histone modifications occur through the recruitment of nonhistone proteins to chromatin and have the potential to influence fundamental biological processes. Many recent studies have been directed at understanding the role of methylated lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20) in physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we will focus on the function and regulation of the histone methyltransferases SUV4-20H1 and SUV4-20H2, which catalyze the di- and tri-methylation of H4K20 at H4K20me2 and H4K20me3, respectively. We will highlight recent studies that have elucidated the functions of these enzymes in various biological processes, including DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and DNA replication. We will also provide an overview of the pathological conditions associated with H4K20me2/3 misregulation as a result of mutations or the aberrant expression of SUV4-20H1 or SUV4-20H2. Finally, we will critically analyze the data supporting these functions and outline questions for future research.
Collapse
|
11
|
Deng J, Kang Y, Cheng CC, Li X, Dai B, Katz MH, Men T, Kim MP, Koay E, Huang H, Brekken RA, Fleming JB. Ddr1-induced neutrophil extracellular traps drive pancreatic cancer metastasis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e146133. [PMID: 34237033 PMCID: PMC8492346 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors are characterized by a desmoplastic reaction resulting in dense deposition of collagen that is known to promote cancer progression. A central mediator of pro-tumorigenic collagen signaling is the receptor tyrosine kinase discoid domain receptor 1 (DDR1). DDR1 is a critical driver of a mesenchymal and invasive cancer cell PDAC phenotype. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of DDR1 reduces PDAC tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we investigated whether DDR1 signaling has cancer cell non-autonomous effects that promote PDAC progression and metastasis. We demonstrate that collagen-induced DDR1 activation in cancer cells is a major stimulus for CXCL5 production, resulting in the recruitment of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and subsequent cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Moreover, we have identified that collagen-induced CXCL5 production was mediated by a DDR1-PKCθ-SYK-NFkB signaling cascade. Together, these results highlight the critical contribution of collagen I-DDR1 interaction in the formation of an immune microenvironment that promotes PDAC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenying Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Chien-Chia Cheng
- Functional Genomics Core, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Xinqun Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Bingbing Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Taoyan Men
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Eugene Koay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Huocong Huang
- Department of Surgery and Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Department of Surgery and Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Role of Histone Methylation in Maintenance of Genome Integrity. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071000. [PMID: 34209979 PMCID: PMC8307007 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Packaging of the eukaryotic genome with histone and other proteins forms a chromatin structure that regulates the outcome of all DNA mediated processes. The cellular pathways that ensure genomic stability detect and repair DNA damage through mechanisms that are critically dependent upon chromatin structures established by histones and, particularly upon transient histone post-translational modifications. Though subjected to a range of modifications, histone methylation is especially crucial for DNA damage repair, as the methylated histones often form platforms for subsequent repair protein binding at damaged sites. In this review, we highlight and discuss how histone methylation impacts the maintenance of genome integrity through effects related to DNA repair and repair pathway choice.
Collapse
|
13
|
Fan XJ, Wang YL, Zhao WW, Bai SM, Ma Y, Yin XK, Feng LL, Feng WX, Wang YN, Liu Q, Hung MC, Wan XB. NONO phase separation enhances DNA damage repair by accelerating nuclear EGFR-induced DNA-PK activation. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2838-2852. [PMID: 34249431 PMCID: PMC8263645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is one of the main causes of cancer treatment failure, which leads to relapse and inferior survival outcome of cancer patients. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins is known to be involved in various biological processes, whereas its role in the regulation of radiosensitivity remains largely unknown. In this study, we characterized NONO, an RNA/DNA binding protein with LLPS capacity, as an essential regulator of tumor radioresistance. In vitro assay showed that NONO involved in DNA repair via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) manner. NONO knockout significantly reduced DNA damage repair and sensitized tumor cells to irradiation in vitro and in vivo. NONO overexpression was correlated with an inferior survival outcome in cancer patients. Mechanically, NONO was associated with nuclear EGFR (nEGFR). Both irradiation and EGF treatment induced nEGFR accumulation, thereby increased the association between NONO and nEGFR. However, NONO was not a substrate of EGFR kinase. Furthermore, NONO promoted DNA damage-induced DNA-PK phosphorylation at T2609 by enhancing the interaction between EGFR and DNA-PK. Importantly, NONO protein formed high concentration LLPS droplets in vitro, and recruited EGFR and DNA-PK. Disruption of NONO droplets with LLPS inhibitor significantly reduced the interaction between EGFR and DNA-PK, and suppressed DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of T2609-DNA-PK. Taken together, LLPS of NONO recruits nuclear EGFR and DNA-PK and enhances their interaction, further increases DNA damage-activated pT2609-DNA-PK and promotes NHEJ-mediated DNA repair, finally leads to tumor radioresistance. NONO phase separation-mediated radioresistance may serve as a novel molecular target to sensitize tumor cell to radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Juan Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Long Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Wen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Mei Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ke Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Xing Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston 77030, Texas, USA
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044, Liaoning, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston 77030, Texas, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Centers for Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Xiang-Bo Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Engineering, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bahl S, Ling H, Acharige NPN, Santos-Barriopedro I, Pflum MKH, Seto E. EGFR phosphorylates HDAC1 to regulate its expression and anti-apoptotic function. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:469. [PMID: 33976119 PMCID: PMC8113371 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
HDAC1 is the prototypical human histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme responsible for catalyzing the removal of acetyl group from lysine residues on many substrate proteins. By deacetylating histones and non-histone proteins, HDAC1 has a profound effect on the regulation of gene transcription and many processes related to cell growth and cell death, including cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Early studies reveal that, like most eukaryotic proteins, the functions and activities of HDAC1 are regulated by post-translational modifications. For example, serine phosphorylation of HDAC1 by protein kinase CK2 promotes HDAC1 deacetylase enzymatic activity and alters its interactions with proteins in corepressor complexes. Here, we describe an alternative signaling pathway by which HDAC1 activities are regulated. Specifically, we discover that EGFR activity promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of HDAC1, which is necessary for its protein stability. A key EGFR phosphorylation site on HDAC1, Tyr72, mediates HDAC1's anti-apoptotic function. Given that HDAC1 overexpression and EGFR activity are strongly related with tumor progression and cancer cell survival, HDAC1 tyrosine phosphorylation may present a possible target to manipulate HDAC1 protein levels in future potential cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Bahl
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hongbo Ling
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Irene Santos-Barriopedro
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary Kay H Pflum
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Casein kinase TbCK1.2 regulates division of kinetoplast DNA, and movement of basal bodies in the African trypanosome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249908. [PMID: 33861760 PMCID: PMC8051774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The single mitochondrial nucleoid (kinetoplast) of Trypanosoma brucei is found proximal to a basal body (mature (mBB)/probasal body (pBB) pair). Kinetoplast inheritance requires synthesis of, and scission of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) generating two kinetoplasts that segregate with basal bodies into daughter cells. Molecular details of kinetoplast scission and the extent to which basal body separation influences the process are unavailable. To address this topic, we followed basal body movements in bloodstream trypanosomes following depletion of protein kinase TbCK1.2 which promotes kinetoplast division. In control cells we found that pBBs are positioned 0.4 um from mBBs in G1, and they mature after separating from mBBs by at least 0.8 um: mBB separation reaches ~2.2 um. These data indicate that current models of basal body biogenesis in which pBBs mature in close proximity to mBBs may need to be revisited. Knockdown of TbCK1.2 produced trypanosomes containing one kinetoplast and two nuclei (1K2N), increased the percentage of cells with uncleaved kDNA 400%, decreased mBB spacing by 15%, and inhibited cytokinesis 300%. We conclude that (a) separation of mBBs beyond a threshold of 1.8 um correlates with division of kDNA, and (b) TbCK1.2 regulates kDNA scission. We propose a Kinetoplast Division Factor hypothesis that integrates these data into a pathway for biogenesis of two daughter mitochondrial nucleoids.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim MP, Li X, Deng J, Zhang Y, Dai B, Allton KL, Hughes TG, Siangco C, Augustine JJ, Kang Y, McDaniel JM, Xiong S, Koay EJ, McAllister F, Bristow CA, Heffernan TP, Maitra A, Liu B, Barton MC, Wasylishen AR, Fleming JB, Lozano G. Oncogenic KRAS Recruits an Expansive Transcriptional Network through Mutant p53 to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2094-2111. [PMID: 33839689 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is almost uniformly fatal and characterized by early metastasis. Oncogenic KRAS mutations prevail in 95% of PDAC tumors and co-occur with genetic alterations in the TP53 tumor suppressor in nearly 70% of patients. Most TP53 alterations are missense mutations that exhibit gain-of-function phenotypes that include increased invasiveness and metastasis, yet the extent of direct cooperation between KRAS effectors and mutant p53 remains largely undefined. We show that oncogenic KRAS effectors activate CREB1 to allow physical interactions with mutant p53 that hyperactivate multiple prometastatic transcriptional networks. Specifically, mutant p53 and CREB1 upregulate the prometastatic, pioneer transcription factor FOXA1, activating its transcriptional network while promoting WNT/β-catenin signaling, together driving PDAC metastasis. Pharmacologic CREB1 inhibition dramatically reduced FOXA1 and β-catenin expression and dampened PDAC metastasis, identifying a new therapeutic strategy to disrupt cooperation between oncogenic KRAS and mutant p53 to mitigate metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Oncogenic KRAS and mutant p53 are the most commonly mutated oncogene and tumor suppressor gene in human cancers, yet direct interactions between these genetic drivers remain undefined. We identified a cooperative node between oncogenic KRAS effectors and mutant p53 that can be therapeutically targeted to undermine cooperation and mitigate metastasis.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1861.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinqun Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jenying Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Bingbing Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kendra L Allton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tara G Hughes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christian Siangco
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jithesh J Augustine
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joy M McDaniel
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eugene J Koay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors protect the salivary gland from radiation damage by increasing DNA double-strand break repair. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100401. [PMID: 33571522 PMCID: PMC7973138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dasatinib and imatinib can protect salivary glands from irradiation (IR) damage without impacting tumor therapy. However, how they induce this protection is unknown. Here we show that TKIs mediate radioprotection by increasing the repair of DNA double-stranded breaks. DNA repair in IR-treated parotid cells, but not oral cancer cells, occurs more rapidly following pretreatment with imatinib or dasatinib and is accompanied by faster formation of DNA damage-induced foci. Similar results were observed in the parotid glands of mice pretreated with imatinib prior to IR, suggesting that TKIs "prime" cells for DNA repair. Mechanistically, we observed that TKIs increased IR-induced activation of DNA-PK, but not ATM. Pretreatment of parotid cells with the DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441 reversed the increase in DNA repair induced by TKIs. Reporter assays specific for homologous recombination (HR) or nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) verified regulatation of both DNA repair pathways by imatinib. Moreover, TKIs also increased basal and IR-induced expression of genes associated with NHEJ (DNA ligase 4, Artemis, XLF) and HR (Rad50, Rad51 and BRCA1); depletion of DNA ligase 4 or BRCA1 reversed the increase in DNA repair mediated by TKIs. In addition, TKIs increased activation of the ERK survival pathway in parotid cells, and ERK was required for the increased survival of TKI-treated cells. Our studies demonstrate a dual mechanism by which TKIs provide radioprotection of the salivary gland tissues and support exploration of TKIs clinically in head and neck cancer patients undergoing IR therapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Suzuki S, Yuan H, Hirata-Tsuchiya S, Yoshida K, Sato A, Nemoto E, Shiba H, Yamada S. DMP-1 promoter-associated antisense strand non-coding RNA, panRNA-DMP-1, physically associates with EGFR to repress EGF-induced squamous cell carcinoma migration. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1673-1690. [PMID: 33420898 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that specific non-coding RNAs exist in many types of malignant tissues, and are involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. However, little is known about the precise roles of non-coding RNAs in squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) invasion and migration. Recently, the dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) gene locus was identified as a transcriptionally active site in squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) tissue and cells. However, it is unclear whether RNA associated with cell migration exist at the DMP-1 gene locus in SQCC cells. We identified a novel promoter-associated non-coding RNA in the antisense strand of DMP-1 gene locus, promoter-associated non-coding RNA (panRNA)-DMP-1, by the RACE method in SQCC cells and tissues, and characterized the functions of panRNA-DMP-1 in EGF-driven SQCC cell migration. The inhibition of endogenous panRNA-DMP-1 expression by specific siRNAs and exogenous over-expression of panRNA-DMP-1 resulted in increased and suppressed cellular migration toward EGF in SQCC cells, respectively, and nuclear expression of panRNA-DMP-1 was induced by EGF stimulation. Mechanistically, suppression of panRNA-DMP-1 expression increased EGFR nuclear localization upon EGF treatment and nuclear panRNA-DMP-1 physically interacted with EGFR, which was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation assay using a bacteriophage-delivered PP7 RNA labeling system. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that suppression of panRNA-DMP-1 stabilized EGFR interaction with STAT3, a known co-transcription factors of EGFR, to induce migratory properties in many cancer cells. Based on these findings, panRNA-DMP-1 is an EGFR-associating RNA that inhibits the EGF-induced migratory properties of SQCC possibly by regulating EGFR nuclear localization and EGFR binding to STAT3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shizu Hirata-Tsuchiya
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yoshida
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cetuximab-induced natural killer cell cytotoxicity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines: investigation of the role of cetuximab sensitivity and HPV status. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:752-761. [PMID: 32541873 PMCID: PMC7462851 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed by 80–90% of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC). In addition to inhibiting EGFR signal transduction, cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR can also bind to fragment crystallisable domain of immunoglobulins G1 present on natural killer (NK), causing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, presence of cetuximab resistance limits effective clinical management of HNSCC. Methods In this study, differences in induction of ADCC were investigated in a panel of ten HNSCC cell lines. Tumour cells were co-cultured with NK cells and monitored using the xCELLigence RTCA. Results While ADCC was not influenced by HPV status, hypoxia and cetuximab resistance did affect ADCC differentially. Intrinsic cetuximab-resistant cell lines showed an increased ADCC induction, whereas exposure to hypoxia reduced ADCC. Baseline EGFR expression was not correlated with ADCC. In contrast, EGFR internalisation following cetuximab treatment was positively correlated with ADCC. Conclusion These findings support the possibility that resistance against cetuximab can be overcome by NK cell-based immune reactions. As such, it provides an incentive to combine cetuximab with immunotherapeutic approaches, thereby possibly enhancing the anti-tumoural immune responses and achieving greater clinical effectiveness of EGFR-targeting agents.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen MK, Hsu JL, Hung MC. Nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase transport and functions in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:59-107. [PMID: 32593407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signaling functions of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been extensively studied after they were first described in the mid-1980s. Plasma membrane RTKs are activated by extracellular ligands and cellular stress stimuli, and regulate cellular responses by activating the downstream effector proteins to initiate a wide range of signaling cascades in the cells. However, increasing evidence indicates that RTKs can also be transported into the intracellular compartments where they phosphorylate traditional effector proteins and non-canonical substrate proteins. In general, internalization that retains the RTK's transmembrane domain begins with endocytosis, and endosomal RTK remains active before being recycled or degraded. Further RTK retrograde transport from endosome-Golgi-ER to the nucleus is primarily dependent on membranes vesicles and relies on the interaction with the COP-I vesicle complex, Sec61 translocon complex, and importin. Internalized RTKs have non-canonical substrates that include transcriptional co-factors and DNA damage response proteins, and many nuclear RTKs harbor oncogenic properties and can enhance cancer progression. Indeed, nuclear-localized RTKs have been shown to positively correlate with cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the functions of nuclear RTKs and the mechanisms of nuclear RTK transport will further improve our knowledge to evaluate the potential of targeting nuclear RTKs or the proteins involved in their transport as new cancer therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kaur J, Daoud A, Eblen ST. Targeting Chromatin Remodeling for Cancer Therapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 12:215-229. [PMID: 30767757 PMCID: PMC6875867 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190215112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic alterations comprise key regulatory events that dynamically alter gene expression and their deregulation is commonly linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. Unlike DNA mutations, epigenetic alterations involve modifications to proteins and nucleic acids that regulate chromatin structure without affecting the underlying DNA sequence, altering the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery to the DNA, thus modulating gene expression. In cancer cells, this often involves the silencing of tumor suppressor genes or the increased expression of genes involved in oncogenesis. Advances in laboratory medicine have made it possible to map critical epigenetic events, including histone modifications and DNA methylation, on a genome-wide scale. Like the identification of genetic mutations, mapping of changes to the epigenetic landscape has increased our understanding of cancer progression. However, in contrast to irreversible genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications are flexible and dynamic, thereby making them promising therapeutic targets. Ongoing studies are evaluating the use of epigenetic drugs in chemotherapy sensitization and immune system modulation. With the preclinical success of drugs that modify epigenetics, along with the FDA approval of epigenetic drugs including the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor 5-azacitidine and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat, there has been a rise in the number of drugs that target epigenetic modulators over recent years. Conclusion: We provide an overview of epigenetic modulations, particularly those involved in cancer, and discuss the recent advances in drug development that target these chromatin-modifying events, primarily focusing on novel strategies to regulate the epigenome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Kaur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Abdelkader Daoud
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Scott T Eblen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mehta M, Griffith J, Panneerselvam J, Babu A, Mani J, Herman T, Ramesh R, Munshi A. Regorafenib sensitizes human breast cancer cells to radiation by inhibiting multiple kinases and inducing DNA damage. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:1109-1120. [PMID: 32052681 PMCID: PMC7882427 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1730012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging and aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited treatment options because of tumor heterogeneity, lack of druggable targets and therapy resistance. TNBCs are characterized by overexpression of growth factor receptors such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) making them promising therapeutic targets. Regorafenib is an FDA approved oral multi-kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of multiple protein kinases including those involved in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis [VEGFR1-3, TIE2], tumor microenvironment [PDGFR-β, FGFR] and oncogenesis (KIT, RET, RAF-1, BRAF). In the current study, we examined the radiosensitizing effects of Regorafenib on TNBC cell lines and explored the mechanism by which Regorafenib enhances radiosensitivity. METHODS MDA-MB-231 and SUM159PT (human TNBC cell lines) and MCF 10a (human mammary epithelial cell line) were treated with Regorafenib, ionizing radiation or a combination of both. Following treatment with Regorafenib and radiation we conducted clonogenic assay to determine radiosensitivity, immunoblot analysis to assess the effect on key signaling targets, tube formation to evaluate effect on angiogenesis and comet assay as well as western blot for γH2AX to assess DNA damage response (DDR). RESULTS Regorafenib reduced cell proliferation and enhanced radiosensitivity of MDA-MB-231 and SUM159PT cell lines but had no effect on the MCF 10a cells. Clonogenic survival assays showed that the surviving fraction at 2 Gy for both MDA-MB-231 and SUM159PT was reduced from 66.4 ± 8.9 and 88.2 ± 1.7 in controls to 38.1 ± 4.9 and 75.1 ± 1.1 following a 24 hr pretreatment with 10 μM and 5 μM Regorafenib, respectively. A marked reduction in the expression of VEGFR, PDGFR, EGFR and the downstream target, ERK, was observed with Regorafenib treatment alone or in combination with radiation. We also observed a significant inhibition of VEGF-A production in the TNBC cell lines following treatment with Regorafenib. Further, the addition of conditioned medium from Regorafenib-treated tumor cells onto human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) suppressed tube formation, indicating an inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Regorafenib also decreased migration of TNBC cells and suppressed radiation-induced DNA damage repair in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that Regorafenib enhanced radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and DNA damage response in TNBC. Therefore, combining Regorafenib with radiation and antiangiogenic agents will be beneficial and effective in controlling TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - James Griffith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Janani Panneerselvam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anish Babu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan Mani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Terence Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Iida M, Harari PM, Wheeler DL, Toulany M. Targeting AKT/PKB to improve treatment outcomes for solid tumors. Mutat Res 2020; 819-820:111690. [PMID: 32120136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is the major substrate to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and consists of three paralogs: AKT1 (PKBα), AKT2 (PKBβ) and AKT3 (PKBγ). The PI3K/AKT pathway is normally activated by binding of ligands to membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as well as downstream to G-protein coupled receptors and integrin-linked kinase. Through multiple downstream substrates, activated AKT controls a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. In human cancers, the PI3K/AKT pathway is most frequently hyperactivated due to mutations and/or overexpression of upstream components. Aberrant expression of RTKs, gain of function mutations in PIK3CA, RAS, PDPK1, and AKT itself, as well as loss of function mutation in AKT phosphatases are genetic lesions that confer hyperactivation of AKT. Activated AKT stimulates DNA repair, e.g. double strand break repair after radiotherapy. Likewise, AKT attenuates chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. These observations suggest that a crucial link exists between AKT and DNA damage. Thus, AKT could be a major predictive marker of conventional cancer therapy, molecularly targeted therapy, and immunotherapy for solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding by which activated AKT mediates resistance to cancer treatment modalities, i.e. radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and RTK targeted therapy. Next, the effect of AKT on response of tumor cells to RTK targeted strategies will be discussed. Finally, we will provide a brief summary on the clinical trials of AKT inhibitors in combination with radiochemotherapy, RTK targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - P M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D L Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu Q, Hu C, Zhu Y, Wang K, Lal B, Li L, Tang J, Wei S, Huang G, Xia S, Lv S, Laterra J, Jiang Y, Li Y. ShRNA-based POLD2 expression knockdown sensitizes glioblastoma to DNA-Damaging therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:126-135. [PMID: 31954770 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) has limited therapeutic options. DNA repair mechanisms contribute GBM cells to escape therapies and re-establish tumor growth. Multiple studies have shown that POLD2 plays a critical role in DNA replication, DNA repair and genomic stability. We demonstrate for the first time that POLD2 is highly expressed in human glioma specimens and that expression correlates with poor patient survival. siRNA or shRNA POLD2 inhibited GBM cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasiveness, sensitized GBM cells to chemo/radiation-induced cell death and reversed the cytoprotective effects of EGFR signaling. Conversely, forced POLD2 expression was found to induce GBM cell proliferation, colony formation, invasiveness and chemo/radiation resistance. POLD2 expression associated with stem-like cell subsets (CD133+ and SSEA-1+ cells) and positively correlated with Sox2 expression in clinical specimens. Its expression was induced by Sox2 and inhibited by the forced differentiation of GBM neurospheres. shRNA-POLD2 modestly inhibited GBM neurosphere-derived orthotopic xenografts growth, when combined with radiation, dramatically inhibited xenograft growth in a cooperative fashion. These novel findings identify POLD2 as a new potential therapeutic target for enhancing GBM response to current standard of care therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chengchen Hu
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Kimberly Wang
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bachuchu Lal
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lichao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Junhai Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Guohao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Shengqing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - John Laterra
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sharifi Z, Abdulkarim B, Meehan B, Rak J, Daniel P, Schmitt J, Lauzon N, Eppert K, Duncan HM, Petrecca K, Guiot MC, Jean-Claude B, Sabri S. Mechanisms and Antitumor Activity of a Binary EGFR/DNA-Targeting Strategy Overcomes Resistance of Glioblastoma Stem Cells to Temozolomide. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:7594-7608. [PMID: 31540977 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal primary malignant brain tumor. GBM stem cells (GSC) contribute to resistance to the DNA-damaging chemotherapy, temozolomide. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) displays genomic alterations enabling DNA repair mechanisms in half of GBMs. We aimed to investigate EGFR/DNA combi-targeting in GBM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ZR2002 is a "combi-molecule" designed to inflict DNA damage through its chlorethyl moiety and induce irreversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition. We assessed its in vitro efficacy in temozolomide-resistant patient-derived GSCs, mesenchymal temozolomide-sensitive and resistant in vivo-derived GSC sublines, and U87/EGFR isogenic cell lines stably expressing EGFR/wild-type or variant III (EGFRvIII). We evaluated its antitumor activity in mice harboring orthotopic EGFRvIII or mesenchymal TMZ-resistant GSC tumors. RESULTS ZR2002 induced submicromolar antiproliferative effects and inhibited neurosphere formation of all GSCs with marginal effects on normal human astrocytes. ZR2002 inhibited EGF-induced autophosphorylation of EGFR, downstream Erk1/2 phosphorylation, increased DNA strand breaks, and induced activation of wild-type p53; the latter was required for its cytotoxicity through p53-dependent mechanism. ZR2002 induced similar effects on U87/EGFR cell lines and its oral administration significantly increased survival in an orthotopic EGFRvIII mouse model. ZR2002 improved survival of mice harboring intracranial mesenchymal temozolomide-resistant GSC line, decreased EGFR, Erk1/2, and AKT phosphorylation and was detected in tumor brain tissue by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the molecular basis of binary EGFR/DNA targeting and uncover the oral bioavailability, blood-brain barrier permeability, and antitumor activity of ZR2002 supporting potential evaluation of this first-in-class drug in recurrent GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Sharifi
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bassam Abdulkarim
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian Meehan
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Daniel
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Schmitt
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nidia Lauzon
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kolja Eppert
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heather M Duncan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Jean-Claude
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siham Sabri
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The NAE Pathway: Autobahn to the Nucleus for Cell Surface Receptors. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080915. [PMID: 31426451 PMCID: PMC6721735 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various growth factors and full-length cell surface receptors such as EGFR are translocated from the cell surface to the nucleoplasm, baffling cell biologists to the mechanisms and functions of this process. Elevated levels of nuclear EGFR correlate with poor prognosis in various cancers. In recent years, nuclear EGFR has been implicated in regulating gene transcription, cell proliferation and DNA damage repair. Different models have been proposed to explain how the receptors are transported into the nucleus. However, a clear consensus has yet to be reached. Recently, we described the nuclear envelope associated endosomes (NAE) pathway, which delivers EGFR from the cell surface to the nucleus. This pathway involves transport, docking and fusion of NAEs with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. EGFR is then presumed to be transported through the nuclear pore complex, extracted from membranes and solubilised. The SUN1/2 nuclear envelope proteins, Importin-beta, nuclear pore complex proteins and the Sec61 translocon have been implicated in the process. While this framework can explain the cell surface to nucleus traffic of EGFR and other cell surface receptors, it raises several questions that we consider in this review, together with implications for health and disease.
Collapse
|
27
|
Qiu F, Wang Y, Chu X, Wang J. ASF1A regulates H4Y72 phosphorylation and promotes autophagy in colon cancer cells via a kinase activity. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2754-2763. [PMID: 31286799 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1617725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
- Affiliated Jining No.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Xianqun Chu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Garnham R, Scott E, Livermore KE, Munkley J. ST6GAL1: A key player in cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:983-989. [PMID: 31423157 PMCID: PMC6607188 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a universal feature of cancer cells and there is now overwhelming evidence that glycans can modulate pathways intrinsic to tumour cell biology. Glycans are important in all of the cancer hallmarks and there is a renewed interest in the glycomic profiling of tumours to improve early diagnosis, determine patient prognosis and identify targets for therapeutic intervention. One of the most widely occurring cancer associated changes in glycosylation is abnormal sialylation which is often accompanied by changes in sialyltransferase activity. Several sialyltransferases are implicated in cancer, but in recent years ST6 β-galactoside α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1) has become increasingly dominant in the literature. ST6GAL1 catalyses the addition of α2,6-linked sialic acids to terminal N-glycans and can modify glycoproteins and/or glycolipids. ST6GAL1 is upregulated in numerous types of cancer (including pancreatic, prostate, breast and ovarian cancer) and can promote growth, survival and metastasis. The present review discusses ST6GAL in relation to the hallmarks of cancer, and highlights its key role in multiple mechanisms intrinsic to tumour cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Garnham
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Emma Scott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Karen E Livermore
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Noncanonical IFN Signaling, Steroids, and STATs: A Probable Role of V-ATPase. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4143604. [PMID: 31275057 PMCID: PMC6558600 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4143604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A small group of only seven transcription factors known as STATs (signal transducer and activator of transcription) are considered to be canonical determinants of specific gene activation for a plethora of ligand/receptor systems. The activation of STATs involves a family of four tyrosine kinases called JAK kinases. JAK1 and JAK2 activate STAT1 in the cytoplasm at the heterodimeric gamma interferon (IFNγ) receptor, while JAK1 and TYK2 activate STAT1 and STAT2 at the type I IFN heterodimeric receptor. The same STATs and JAKs are also involved in signaling by functionally different cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. Related to this, IFNγ-activated STAT1 binds to the IFNγ-activated sequence (GAS) element, but so do other STATs that are not involved in IFNγ signaling. Activated JAKs such as JAK2 and TYK2 are also involved in the epigenetics of nucleosome unwrapping for exposure of DNA to transcription. Furthermore, activated JAKs and STATs appear to function coordinately for specific gene activation. These complex events have not been addressed in canonical STAT signaling. Additionally, the function of noncoding enhancer RNAs, including their role in enhancer/promoter interaction is not addressed in the canonical STAT signaling model. In this perspective, we show that JAK/STAT signaling, involving membrane receptors, is essentially a variation of cytoplasmic nuclear receptor signaling. Focusing on IFN signaling, we showed that ligand, IFN receptor, the JAKs, and the STATs all undergo endocytosis and ATP-dependent nuclear translocation to promoters of genes specifically activated by IFNs. We argue here that the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump probably plays a key role in endosomal membrane crossing by IFNs for receptor cytoplasmic binding. Signaling of nuclear receptors such as those of estrogen and dihydrotestosterone provides templates for making sense of the specificity of gene activation by closely related cytokines, which has implications for lymphocyte phenotypes.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wen HJ, Gao S, Wang Y, Ray M, Magnuson MA, Wright CV, Di Magliano MP, Frankel TL, Crawford HC. Myeloid Cell-Derived HB-EGF Drives Tissue Recovery After Pancreatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:173-192. [PMID: 31125624 PMCID: PMC6661420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is a risk factor for pancreatic tumorigenesis. Upon tissue damage, an inflammatory response, made up largely of macrophages, provides multiple growth factors that promote repair. Here, we examine the molecular pathways initiated by macrophages to promote pancreas recovery from pancreatitis. METHODS To induce organ damage, mice were subjected to cerulein-induced experimental pancreatitis and analyzed at various times of recovery. CD11b-DTR mice were used to deplete myeloid cells. Hbegff/f;LysM-Cre mice were used to ablate myeloid cell-derived heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF). To ablate EGFR specifically during recovery, pancreatitis was induced in Egfrf/f;Ptf1aFlpO/+;FSF-Rosa26CAG-CreERT2 mice followed by tamoxifen treatment. RESULTS Macrophages infiltrating the pancreas in experimental pancreatitis make high levels of HB-EGF. Both depletion of myeloid cells and ablation of myeloid cell HB-EGF delayed recovery from experimental pancreatitis, resulting from a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. Mechanistically, ablation of myeloid cell HB-EGF impaired epithelial cell DNA repair, ultimately leading to cell death. Soluble HB-EGF induced EGFR nuclear translocation and methylation of histone H4, facilitating resolution of DNA damage in pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. Consistent with its role as the primary receptor of HB-EGF, in vivo ablation of EGFR from pancreatic epithelium during recovery from pancreatitis resulted in accumulation of DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS By using novel conditional knockout mouse models, we determined that HB-EGF derived exclusively from myeloid cells induces epithelial cell proliferation and EGFR-dependent DNA repair, facilitating pancreas healing after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Wen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Ray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Marina Pasca Di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Howard C. Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Howard Crawford, PhD, University of Michigan, 4304 Rogel Cancer Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5936, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5936. fax: (734) 647–9654.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bencheikh L, Diop MK, Rivière J, Imanci A, Pierron G, Souquere S, Naimo A, Morabito M, Dussiot M, De Leeuw F, Lobry C, Solary E, Droin N. Dynamic gene regulation by nuclear colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor in human monocytes and macrophages. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1935. [PMID: 31028249 PMCID: PMC6486619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their location at the cell surface, several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are also found in the nucleus, as either intracellular domains or full length proteins. However, their potential nuclear functions remain poorly understood. Here we find that a fraction of full length Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R), an RTK involved in monocyte/macrophage generation, migrates to the nucleus upon CSF-1 stimulation in human primary monocytes. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation identifies the preferential recruitment of CSF-1R to intergenic regions, where it co-localizes with H3K4me1 and interacts with the transcription factor EGR1. When monocytes are differentiated into macrophages with CSF-1, CSF-1R is redirected to transcription starting sites, colocalizes with H3K4me3, and interacts with ELK and YY1 transcription factors. CSF-1R expression and chromatin recruitment is modulated by small molecule CSF-1R inhibitors and altered in monocytes from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia patients. Unraveling this dynamic non-canonical CSF-1R function suggests new avenues to explore the poorly understood functions of this receptor and its ligands. Receptor tyrosine kinases localize to the cell surface and have been suggested to also have nuclear function. Here the authors provide evidence that Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) migrates to the nucleus upon CSF-1 stimulation in monocytes and that upon differentiation into macrophages, CSF-1R localizes to TSS, co-localizes with H3K4me3, and interacts with ELK and YY1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bencheikh
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Julie Rivière
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Aygun Imanci
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Gerard Pierron
- CNRS UMR9196, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvie Souquere
- CNRS UMR9196, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Audrey Naimo
- INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, AMMICa, Genomic platform, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Margot Morabito
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Michaël Dussiot
- INSERM U1163, CNRS UMR8254, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France.,Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, 75015, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'excellence GR-Ex, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric De Leeuw
- INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, AMMICa, Imaging and Cytometry Platform, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Camille Lobry
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France. .,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France. .,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,INSERM US23, CNRS UMS 3655, AMMICa, Genomic platform, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee HH, Wang YN, Hung MC. Functional roles of the human ribonuclease A superfamily in RNA metabolism and membrane receptor biology. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 70:106-116. [PMID: 30902663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human ribonuclease A (hRNase A) superfamily is comprised of 13 members of secretory RNases, most of which are recognized as catabolic enzymes for their ribonucleolytic activity to degrade ribonucleic acids (RNAs) in the extracellular space, where they play a role in innate host defense and physiological homeostasis. Interestingly, human RNases 9-13, which belong to a non-canonical subgroup of the hRNase A superfamily, are ribonucleolytic activity-deficient proteins with unclear biological functions. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that secretory RNases, such as human RNase 5, can be internalized into cells facilitated by membrane receptors like the epidermal growth factor receptor to regulate intracellular RNA species, in particular non-coding RNAs, and signaling pathways by either a ribonucleolytic activity-dependent or -independent manner. In this review, we summarize the classical role of hRNase A superfamily in the metabolism of extracellular and intracellular RNAs and update its non-classical function as a cognate ligand of membrane receptors. We further discuss the biological significance and translational potential of using secretory RNases as predictive biomarkers or therapeutic agents in certain human diseases and the pathological settings for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ohm AM, Affandi T, Reyland ME. EGF receptor and PKCδ kinase activate DNA damage-induced pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signaling via biphasic activation of ERK and MSK1 kinases. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4488-4497. [PMID: 30679314 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) can regulate both cell survival and cell death. We show here that ERK activation in this context is biphasic and that early and late activation events are mediated by distinct upstream signals that drive cell survival and apoptosis, respectively. We identified the nuclear kinase mitogen-sensitive kinase 1 (MSK1) as a downstream target of both early and late ERK activation. We also observed that activation of ERK→MSK1 up to 4 h after DNA damage depends on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as EGFR or mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK inhibitors or short hairpin RNA-mediated MSK1 depletion enhanced cell death. This prosurvival response was partially mediated through enhanced DNA repair, as EGFR or MEK/ERK inhibitors delayed DNA damage resolution. In contrast, the second phase of ERK→MSK1 activation drove apoptosis and required protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) but not EGFR. Genetic disruption of PKCδ reduced ERK activation in an in vivo irradiation model, as did short hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of PKCδ in vitro In both models, PKCδ inhibition preferentially suppressed late activation of ERK. We have shown previously that nuclear localization of PKCδ is necessary and sufficient for apoptosis. Here we identified a nuclear PKCδ→ERK→MSK1 signaling module that regulates apoptosis. We also show that expression of nuclear PKCδ activates ERK and MSK1, that ERK activation is required for MSK1 activation, and that both ERK and MSK1 activation are required for apoptosis. Our findings suggest that location-specific activation by distinct upstream regulators may enable distinct functional outputs from common signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Ohm
- From the Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Trisiani Affandi
- From the Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Mary E Reyland
- From the Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fueyo J, Alonso MM, Parker Kerrigan BC, Gomez-Manzano C. Linking inflammation and cancer: the unexpected SYK world. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:582-583. [PMID: 29635349 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Toulany M. Targeting DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways to Improve Radiotherapy Response. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010025. [PMID: 30621219 PMCID: PMC6356315 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of cancer patients receive radiotherapy as a part of their cancer treatment. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered as the most lethal form of DNA damage and a primary cause of cell death and are induced by ionizing radiation (IR) during radiotherapy. Many malignant cells carry multiple genetic and epigenetic aberrations that may interfere with essential DSB repair pathways. Additionally, exposure to IR induces the activation of a multicomponent signal transduction network known as DNA damage response (DDR). DDR initiates cell cycle checkpoints and induces DSB repair in the nucleus by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). The canonical DSB repair pathways function in both normal and tumor cells. Thus, normal-tissue toxicity may limit the targeting of the components of these two pathways as a therapeutic approach in combination with radiotherapy. The DSB repair pathways are also stimulated through cytoplasmic signaling pathways. These signaling cascades are often upregulated in tumor cells harboring mutations or the overexpression of certain cellular oncogenes, e.g., receptor tyrosine kinases, PIK3CA and RAS. Targeting such cytoplasmic signaling pathways seems to be a more specific approach to blocking DSB repair in tumor cells. In this review, a brief overview of cytoplasmic signaling pathways that have been reported to stimulate DSB repair is provided. The state of the art of targeting these pathways will be discussed. A greater understanding of the underlying signaling pathways involved in DSB repair may provide valuable insights that will help to design new strategies to improve treatment outcomes in combination with radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 11, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang YN, Lee HH, Hung MC. A novel ligand-receptor relationship between families of ribonucleases and receptor tyrosine kinases. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:83. [PMID: 30449278 PMCID: PMC6241042 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ribonuclease is known to participate in host defense system against pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, and virus, which results in innate immune response. Nevertheless, its potential impact to host cells remains unclear. Of interest, several ribonucleases do not act as catalytically competent enzymes, suggesting that ribonucleases may be associated with certain intrinsic functions other than their ribonucleolytic activities. Most recently, human pancreatic ribonuclease 5 (hRNase5; also named angiogenin; hereinafter referred to as hRNase5/ANG), which belongs to the human ribonuclease A superfamily, has been demonstrated to function as a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. As a newly identified EGFR ligand, hRNase5/ANG associates with EGFR and stimulates EGFR and the downstream signaling in a catalytic-independent manner. Notably, hRNase5/ANG, whose level in sera of pancreatic cancer patients, serves as a non-invasive serum biomarker to stratify patients for predicting the sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy. Here, we describe the hRNase5/ANG-EGFR pair as an example to highlight a ligand-receptor relationship between families of ribonucleases and receptor tyrosine kinases, which are thought as two unrelated protein families associated with distinct biological functions. The notion of serum biomarker-guided EGFR-targeted therapies will also be discussed. Furthering our understanding of this novel ligand-receptor interaction will shed new light on the search of ligands for their cognate receptors, especially those orphan receptors without known ligands, and deepen our knowledge of the fundamental research in membrane receptor biology and the translational application toward the development of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tulchinsky E, Demidov O, Kriajevska M, Barlev NA, Imyanitov E. EMT: A mechanism for escape from EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:29-39. [PMID: 30419315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible developmental genetic programme of transdifferentiation of polarised epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells. In cancer, EMT is an important factor of tumour cell plasticity and has received increasing attention for its role in the resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. In this paper we provide an overview of EMT in human malignancies, and discuss contribution of EMT to the development of the resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with the tumours bearing specific mutations in EGFR have a good clinical response to selective EGFR inhibitors, but the resistance inevitably develops. Several mechanisms responsible for the resistance include secondary mutations in the EGFR gene, genetic or non-mutational activation of alternative survival pathways, transdifferentiation of NSCLC to the small cell lung cancer histotype, or formation of resistant tumours with mesenchymal characteristics. Mechanistically, application of an EGFR inhibitor does not kill all cancer cells; some cells survive the exposure to a drug, and undergo genetic evolution towards resistance. Here, we present a theory that these quiescent or slow-proliferating drug-tolerant cell populations, or so-called "persisters", are generated via EMT pathways. We review the EMT-activated mechanisms of cell survival in NSCLC, which include activation of ABC transporters and EMT-associated receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, immune evasion, and epigenetic reprogramming. We propose that therapeutic inhibition of these pathways would eliminate pools of persister cells and prevent or delay cancer recurrence when applied in combination with the agents targeting EGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Tulchinsky
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester University, UK; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, region, 117303, Russia.
| | - Oleg Demidov
- Instutute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | | | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, region, 117303, Russia; Instutute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Courgeon M, He DQ, Liu HH, Legent K, Treisman JE. The Drosophila Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor does not act in the nucleus. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.220251. [PMID: 30158176 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.220251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian members of the ErbB family, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), can regulate transcription, DNA replication and repair through nuclear entry of either the full-length proteins or their cleaved cytoplasmic domains. In cancer cells, these nuclear functions contribute to tumor progression and drug resistance. Here, we examined whether the single Drosophila EGFR can also localize to the nucleus. A chimeric EGFR protein fused at its cytoplasmic C-terminus to DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains strongly activated transcriptional reporters when overexpressed in cultured cells or in vivo However, this activity was independent of cleavage and endocytosis. Without an exogenous activation domain, EGFR fused to a DNA-binding domain did not activate or repress transcription. Addition of the same DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains to the endogenous Egfr locus through genome editing led to no detectable reporter expression in wild-type or oncogenic contexts. These results show that, when expressed at physiological levels, the cytoplasmic domain of the Drosophila EGFR does not have access to the nucleus. Therefore, nuclear EGFR functions are likely to have evolved after vertebrates and invertebrates diverged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Courgeon
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan Qing He
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hui Hua Liu
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kevin Legent
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jessica E Treisman
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bhattacharya P, Shetake NG, Pandey BN, Kumar A. Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in cancer radiotherapy and its targeting for tumor radiosensitization. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:628-644. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1478160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poushali Bhattacharya
- Radiation Signaling and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Neena G. Shetake
- Radiation Signaling and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Badri N. Pandey
- Radiation Signaling and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Radiation Signaling and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
An Z, Aksoy O, Zheng T, Fan QW, Weiss WA. Epidermal growth factor receptor and EGFRvIII in glioblastoma: signaling pathways and targeted therapies. Oncogene 2018; 37:1561-1575. [PMID: 29321659 PMCID: PMC5860944 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its active mutant EGFRvIII occurs frequently in glioblastoma (GBM). While EGFR and EGFRvIII play critical roles in pathogenesis, targeted therapy with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or antibodies has only shown limited efficacy in patients. Here we discuss signaling pathways mediated by EGFR/EGFRvIII, current therapeutics, and novel strategies to target EGFR/EGFRvIII-amplified GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi An
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ozlem Aksoy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tina Zheng
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qi-Wen Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hai B, Zhao Q, Deveau MA, Liu F. Delivery of Sonic Hedgehog Gene Repressed Irradiation-induced Cellular Senescence in Salivary Glands by Promoting DNA Repair and Reducing Oxidative Stress. Theranostics 2018; 8:1159-1167. [PMID: 29464006 PMCID: PMC5817117 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Irreversible hypofunction of salivary glands or xerostomia is common in head and neck cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy even when various new techniques are applied to minimize the irradiation (IR) damage. This condition severely impairs the quality of life of patients and can only be temporarily relieved with current treatments. We found recently that transient expression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) in salivary glands after IR rescued salivary function, but the underlying mechanisms are not totally clear. Methods: We generated a mouse model of IR-induced hyposalivation, and delivered adenoviral vectors carrying Shh or control GFP gene into submandibular glands (SMGs) via retrograde ductal instillation 3 days after IR. The cellular senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase assay and the expression of senescence markers. The underlying mechanisms were explored by examining DNA damage, oxidative stress, and the expression of related genes by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Results: Shh gene transfer repressed IR-induced cellular senescence by promoting DNA repair and decreasing oxidative stress, which is mediated through upregulating expression of genes related to DNA repair such as survivin and miR-21 and repressing expression of pro-senescence gene Gdf15 likely downstream of miR-21. Conclusion: Repressing cellular senescence contributes to the rescue of IR-induced hyposalivation by transient activation of Hh signaling, which is related to enhanced DNA repair and decreased oxidative stress in SMGs.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wong VCL. Nuclear EGFR and Integrator/Super Elongation Complex concurrently binds to Immediate Early Genes for gene transactivation. J Cancer 2018; 9:108-116. [PMID: 29290775 PMCID: PMC5743717 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene transactivation function of nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) has been studied by investigating the genomic co-occupancies of nEGFR and RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII). However, due to RNAPII pausing, the co-recruitment of RNAPII and nEGFR does not necessarily represent productive transactivation. In this study, we integrated gatekeepers of productive transcriptional elongation such as Integrator and Super Elongation Complex (SEC) to interrogate the function of nEGFR. By analyzing publicly available ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data, we aims to 1) explore the function of nEGFR, 2) unravel nEGFR target genes, and 3) discuss potential mechanisms of nEGFR chromatin recruitment. EGF treatment in HeLa cells instigated chromatin recruitment of nEGFR, ERK, RNAPII, Integrator, and SEC in a cluster of 61 EGF-responsive genes. The function of nEGFR was identified as gene-activating rather than gene-repressing. Within the cluster of EGF-responsive genes, nEGFR targeted eleven Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) — JUN, EGR1, JUNB, IER2, KLF2, FOS, FOSL1, RHOB, CCNL1, DUSP2, and DUSP5, which up-regulated >2-fold after EGF stimulation. The promoter of these target genes commonly harbors AT-rich minimal consensus sequences for nEGFR binding. In addition, TCGA data analysis demonstrated positive correlations between EGFR and JUN/FOSL1/RHOB expressions, as well as clinical correlations in specific cancer types. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the genome-wide distribution of nEGFR versus Integrator and SEC, providing novel insight into supporting the gene-activating function of nEGFR. We revealed a panel of eleven nEGFR target genes, which concurrently recruited nEGFR, RNAPII, Integrator, and SEC for productive transcriptional elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chun-Lam Wong
- OncoSeek Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
WEE1 epigenetically modulates 5-hmC levels by pY37-H2B dependent regulation of IDH2 gene expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106352-106368. [PMID: 29290954 PMCID: PMC5739739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic signaling networks dynamically regulate gene expression to maintain cellular homeostasis. Previously, we uncovered that WEE1 phosphorylates histone H2B at tyrosine 37 (pY37-H2B) to negatively regulate global histone transcriptional output. Although pY37-H2B is readily detected in cancer cells, its functional role in pathogenesis is not known. Herein, we show that WEE1 deposits the pY37-H2B marks within the tumor suppressor gene, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), to repress transcription in multiple cancer cells, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs), melanoma and prostate cancer. Consistently, GBMs and primary melanoma tumors that display elevated WEE1 mRNA expression exhibit significant down regulation of the IDH2 gene transcription. IDH2 catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an essential cofactor for the TET family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases that convert 5-mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). Significantly, the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 not only abrogated the suppressive H2B Y37-phosphorylation and upregulated IDH2 mRNA levels but also effectively reversed the ‘loss of 5-hmC’ phenotype in melanomas, GBMs and prostate cancer cells, as well as melanoma xenograft tumors. These data indicate that the epigenetic repression of IDH2 by WEE1/pY37-H2B circuit may be a hitherto unknown mechanism of global 5-hmC loss observed in human malignancies.
Collapse
|
44
|
TIE2 Associates with Caveolae and Regulates Caveolin-1 To Promote Their Nuclear Translocation. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00142-17. [PMID: 28760776 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00142-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair pathways are aberrant in cancer, enabling tumor cells to survive standard therapies-chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Our group previously reported that, upon irradiation, the membrane-bound tyrosine kinase receptor TIE2 translocates into the nucleus and phosphorylates histone H4 at Tyr51, recruiting ABL1 to the DNA repair complexes that participate in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway. However, no specific molecular mechanisms of TIE2 endocytosis have been reported. Here, we show that irradiation or ligand-induced TIE2 trafficking is dependent on caveolin-1, the main component of caveolae. Subcellular fractionation and confocal microscopy demonstrated TIE2/caveolin-1 complexes in the nucleus, and using inhibitor or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against caveolin-1 or Tie2 inhibited their trafficking. TIE2 was found in caveolae and directly phosphorylated caveolin-1 at Tyr14 in vitro and in vivo This modification regulated the generation of TIE2/caveolin-1 complexes and was essential for TIE2/caveolin-1 nuclear translocation. Our data further demonstrate that the combination of TIE2 and caveolin-1 inhibitors resulted in significant radiosensitization of malignant glioma cells, which will guide the development of combinatorial treatment with radiotherapy for patients with glioblastoma.
Collapse
|
45
|
Li C, Park S, Zhang X, Eisenberg LM, Zhao H, Darzynkiewicz Z, Xu D. Nuclear Gene 33/Mig6 regulates the DNA damage response through an ATM serine/threonine kinase-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16746-16759. [PMID: 28842482 PMCID: PMC5633135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene 33 (Mig6, ERRFI1) is an adaptor protein with multiple cellular functions. We recently linked Gene 33 to the DNA damage response (DDR) induced by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that ectopic expression of Gene 33 triggers DDR in an ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM)-dependent fashion and through pathways dependent or not dependent on ABL proto-oncogene 1 non-receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Abl). We observed the clear presence of Gene 33 in the nucleus and chromatin fractions of the cell. We also found that the nuclear localization of Gene 33 is regulated by its 14-3-3-binding domain and that the chromatin localization of Gene 33 is partially dependent on its ErbB-binding domain. Our data further indicated that Gene 33 may regulate the targeting of c-Abl to chromatin. Moreover, we observed a clear association of Gene 33 with histone H2AX and that ectopic expression of Gene 33 promotes the interaction between ATM and histone H2AX without triggering DNA damage. In summary, our results reveal nuclear functions of Gene 33 that regulate DDR. The nuclear localization of Gene 33 also provides a spatial explanation of the previously reported regulation of apoptosis by Gene 33 via the c-Abl/p73 pathway. On the basis of these findings and our previous studies, we propose that Gene 33 is a proximal regulator of DDR that promotes DNA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cen Li
- From the Department of Pathology
| | | | | | | | - Hong Zhao
- From the Department of Pathology
- the Brander Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- From the Department of Pathology
- the Brander Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang J, Song F, Zhao X, Jiang H, Wu X, Wang B, Zhou M, Tian M, Shi B, Wang H, Jia Y, Wang H, Pan X, Li Z. EGFR modulates monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis through phosphorylation of SCD1 in lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:127. [PMID: 28724430 PMCID: PMC5518108 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a well-known oncogenic driver, contributes to the initiation and progression of a wide range of cancer types. Aberrant lipid metabolism including highly produced monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. However, how EGFR regulates MUFA synthesis in cancer remains elusive. This is the focus of our study. Methods The interaction between EGFR and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) was detected byco-immunoprecipitation. SCD1 protein expression, stability and phosphorylation were tested by western blot. The synthesis of MUFA was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The growth of lung cancer was detected by CCK-8 assay, Annexin V/PI staining, colony formation assay and subcutaneous xenograft assay. The expression of activated EGFR, phosphorylated and total SCD1 was tested by immunohistochemistry in 90 non-small cell lung cancersamples. The clinical correlations were analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and Cox regression. Results EGFR binds to and phosphorylates SCD1 at Y55. Phosphorylation of Y55 is required for maintaining SCD1 protein stability and thus increases MUFA level to facilitate lung cancer growth. Moreover, EGFR-stimulated cancer growth depends on SCD1 activity. Evaluation of non-small cell lung cancersamples reveals a positive correlation among EGFR activation, SCD1 Y55 phosphorylation and SCD1 protein expression. Furthermore, phospho-SCD1 Y55 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for poor patient survival. Conclusions Ourstudy demonstrates that EGFR stabilizes SCD1 through Y55 phosphorylation, thereby up-regulating MUFA synthesis to promote lung cancer growth. Thus, we provide the first evidence that SCD1 can be subtly controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation and uncover a previously unknown direct linkage between oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase and lipid metabolism in lung cancer. We also propose SCD1 Y55 phosphorylation as a potential diagnostic marker for lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0704-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huamao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College ofMedicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kumar R, Deivendran S, Santhoshkumar TR, Pillai MR. Signaling coupled epigenomic regulation of gene expression. Oncogene 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
48
|
Koustas E, Karamouzis MV, Mihailidou C, Schizas D, Papavassiliou AG. Co-targeting of EGFR and autophagy signaling is an emerging treatment strategy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:94-102. [PMID: 28323034 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its associated pathway is a critical key regulator of CRC development and progression. The monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) cetuximab and panitumumab, directed against EGFR, represent a major step forward in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival in several clinical trials. However, the activity of anti-EGFR MoAbs appears to be limited to a subset of patients with mCRC. Studies have highlighted that acquired-resistance to anti-EGFR MoAbs biochemically converge into Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Recent data also suggest that acquired-resistance to anti-EGFR MoAbs is accompanied by inhibition of EGFR internalization, ubiqutinization, degradation and prolonged downregulation. It is well established that autophagy, a self-cannibalization process, is considered to be associated with resistance to the anti-EGFR MoAbs therapy. Additionally, autophagy induced by anti-EGFR MoAbs acts as a protective response in cancer cells. Thus, inhibition of autophagy after treatment with EGFR MoAbs can result in autophagic cell death. A combination therapy comprising of anti-EGFR MoAbs and autophagy inhibitors would represent a multi-pronged approach that could be evolved into an active therapeutic strategy in mCRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Chrysovalantou Mihailidou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Localisation Microscopy of Breast Epithelial ErbB-2 Receptors and Gap Junctions: Trafficking after γ-Irradiation, Neuregulin-1β, and Trastuzumab Application. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020362. [PMID: 28208769 PMCID: PMC5343897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, vulnerable breast epithelium malignance tendency correlates with number and activation of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases. In the presented work, we observe ErbB receptors activated by irradiation-induced DNA injury or neuregulin-1β application, or alternatively, attenuated by a therapeutic antibody using high resolution fluorescence localization microscopy. The gap junction turnover coinciding with ErbB receptor activation and co-transport is simultaneously recorded. DNA injury caused by 4 Gray of 6 MeV photon γ-irradiation or alternatively neuregulin-1β application mobilized ErbB receptors in a nucleograde fashion—a process attenuated by trastuzumab antibody application. This was accompanied by increased receptor density, indicating packing into transport units. Factors mobilizing ErbB receptors also mobilized plasma membrane resident gap junction channels. The time course of ErbB receptor activation and gap junction mobilization recapitulates the time course of non-homologous end-joining DNA repair. We explain our findings under terms of DNA injury-induced membrane receptor tyrosine kinase activation and retrograde trafficking. In addition, we interpret the phenomenon of retrograde co-trafficking of gap junction connexons stimulated by ErbB receptor activation.
Collapse
|
50
|
Gene 33/Mig6 inhibits hexavalent chromium-induced DNA damage and cell transformation in human lung epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:8916-30. [PMID: 26760771 PMCID: PMC4891014 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are human lung carcinogens and environmental/occupational hazards. The molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis appear to be complex and are poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the potential role of Gene 33 (ERRFI1, Mig6), a multifunctional adaptor protein, in Cr(VI)-mediated lung carcinogenesis. We show that the level of Gene 33 protein is suppressed by both acute and chronic Cr(VI) treatments in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells. The inhibition also occurs in A549 lung bronchial carcinoma cells. Cr(VI) suppresses Gene 33 expression mainly through post-transcriptional mechanisms, although the mRNA level of gene 33 also tends to be lower upon Cr(VI) treatments. Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage appears primarily in the S phases of the cell cycle despite the high basal DNA damage signals at the G2M phase. Knockdown of Gene 33 with siRNA significantly elevates Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage in both BEAS-2B and A549 cells. Depletion of Gene 33 also promotes Cr(VI)-induced micronucleus (MN) formation and cell transformation in BEAS-2B cells. Our results reveal a novel function of Gene 33 in Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage and lung epithelial cell transformation. We propose that in addition to its role in the canonical EGFR signaling pathway and other signaling pathways, Gene 33 may also inhibit Cr(VI)-induced lung carcinogenesis by reducing DNA damage triggered by Cr(VI).
Collapse
|