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Crompton M, Ferguson JK, Ramnath RD, Onions KL, Ogier AS, Gamez M, Down CJ, Skinner L, Wong KH, Dixon LK, Sutak J, Harper SJ, Pontrelli P, Gesualdo L, Heerspink HL, Toto RD, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Satchell SC, Butler MJ. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in diabetes reduces albuminuria by preserving the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e154164. [PMID: 36749631 PMCID: PMC10077489 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerular endothelial glycocalyx (GEnGlx) forms the first part of the glomerular filtration barrier. Previously, we showed that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation caused GEnGlx damage and albuminuria. In this study, we investigated whether MR antagonism could limit albuminuria in diabetes and studied the site of action. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats developed albuminuria, increased glomerular albumin permeability (Ps'alb), and increased glomerular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity with corresponding GEnGlx loss. MR antagonism prevented albuminuria progression, restored Ps'alb, preserved GEnGlx, and reduced MMP activity. Enzymatic degradation of the GEnGlx negated the benefits of MR antagonism, confirming their dependence on GEnGlx integrity. Exposing human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) to diabetic conditions in vitro increased MMPs and caused glycocalyx damage. Amelioration of these effects confirmed a direct effect of MR antagonism on GEnC. To confirm relevance to human disease, we used a potentially novel confocal imaging method to show loss of GEnGlx in renal biopsy specimens from patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). In addition, patients with DN randomized to receive an MR antagonist had reduced urinary MMP2 activity and albuminuria compared with placebo and baseline levels. Taken together, our work suggests that MR antagonists reduce MMP activity and thereby preserve GEnGlx, resulting in reduced glomerular permeability and albuminuria in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Crompton
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne K. Ferguson
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Raina D. Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L. Onions
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anna S. Ogier
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Gamez
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Down
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Skinner
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kitty H. Wong
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren K. Dixon
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Sutak
- Pathology Department, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Harper
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Hiddo L. Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert D. Toto
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R. Foster
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C. Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Butler
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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2
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Cabral-Pacheco GA, Garza-Veloz I, Castruita-De la Rosa C, Ramirez-Acuña JM, Perez-Romero BA, Guerrero-Rodriguez JF, Martinez-Avila N, Martinez-Fierro ML. The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9739. [PMID: 33419373 PMCID: PMC7767220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling endopeptidases that have the capacity to degrade almost every component of the ECM. The degradation of the ECM is of great importance, since it is related to embryonic development and angiogenesis. It is also involved in cell repair and the remodeling of tissues. When the expression of MMPs is altered, it can generate the abnormal degradation of the ECM. This is the initial cause of the development of chronic degenerative diseases and vascular complications generated by diabetes. In addition, this process has an association with neurodegeneration and cancer progression. Within the ECM, the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMPs. TIMPs are important regulators of ECM turnover, tissue remodeling, and cellular behavior. Therefore, TIMPs (similar to MMPs) modulate angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. An interruption in the balance between MMPs and TIMPs has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of several diseases. This review focuses on the participation of both MMPs (e.g., MMP-2 and MMP-9) and TIMPs (e.g., TIMP-1 and TIMP-3) in physiological processes and on how their abnormal regulation is associated with human diseases. The inclusion of current strategies and mechanisms of MMP inhibition in the development of new therapies targeting MMPs was also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (G.AC.-P.); (C.C.-D.l.R.); (J.MR.-A.); (B.AP.-R.); (J.FG.-R.); (N.M.-A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (G.AC.-P.); (C.C.-D.l.R.); (J.MR.-A.); (B.AP.-R.); (J.FG.-R.); (N.M.-A.)
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3
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Ramnath RD, Butler MJ, Newman G, Desideri S, Russell A, Lay AC, Neal CR, Qiu Y, Fawaz S, Onions KL, Gamez M, Crompton M, Michie C, Finch N, Coward RJ, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Satchell SC. Blocking matrix metalloproteinase-mediated syndecan-4 shedding restores the endothelial glycocalyx and glomerular filtration barrier function in early diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 97:951-965. [PMID: 32037077 PMCID: PMC7184681 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier. We have shown that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated syndecan 4 shedding is a mechanism of glomerular endothelial glycocalyx damage in vitro, resulting in increased albumin permeability. Here we sought to determine whether this mechanism is important in early diabetic kidney disease, by studying streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in DBA2/J mice. Diabetic mice were albuminuric, had increased glomerular albumin permeability and endothelial glycocalyx damage. Syndecan 4 mRNA expression was found to be upregulated in isolated glomeruli and in flow cytometry-sorted glomerular endothelial cells. In contrast, glomerular endothelial luminal surface syndecan 4 and Marasmium oreades agglutinin lectin labelling measurements were reduced in the diabetic mice. Similarly, syndecan 4 protein expression was significantly decreased in isolated glomeruli but increased in plasma and urine, suggesting syndecan 4 shedding. Mmp-2, 9 and 14 mRNA expression were upregulated in isolated glomeruli, suggesting a possible mechanism of glycocalyx damage and albuminuria. We therefore characterised in detail the activity of MMP-2 and 9 and found significant increases in kidney cortex, plasma and urine. Treatment with MMP-2/9 inhibitor I for 21 days, started six weeks after diabetes induction, restored endothelial glycocalyx depth and coverage and attenuated diabetes-induced albuminuria and reduced glomerular albumin permeability. MMP inhibitor treatment significantly attenuated glomerular endothelial and plasma syndecan 4 shedding and inhibited plasma MMP activity. Thus, our studies confirm the importance of MMPs in endothelial glycocalyx damage and albuminuria in early diabetes and demonstrate that this pathway is amenable to therapeutic intervention. Hence, treatments targeted at glycocalyx protection by MMP inhibition may be of benefit in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Newman
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Desideri
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Russell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail C Lay
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R Neal
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Qiu
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fawaz
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Onions
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Gamez
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Crompton
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Michie
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Finch
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Coward
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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4
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Nishihama K, Yasuma T, Yano Y, D' Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Toda M, Hinneh JA, Baffour Tonto P, Takeshita A, Totoki T, Mifuji-Moroka R, Kobayashi T, Iwasa M, Takei Y, Morser J, Cann I, Gabazza EC. Anti-apoptotic activity of human matrix metalloproteinase-2 attenuates diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2018; 82:88-99. [PMID: 29366755 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic progression of diabetes is associated with decreased pancreatic islet mass due to apoptosis of β-cells. Patients with diabetes have increased circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2); however, the physiological significance has remained elusive. This study tested the hypothesis that MMP2 inhibits cell apoptosis, including islet β-cells. METHODS Samples from diabetic patients and newly developed transgenic mice overexpressing human MMP2 (hMMP2) were harnessed, and diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. RESULTS Circulating hMMP2 was significantly increased in diabetic patients compared to controls and significantly correlated with the serum C-peptide levels. The diabetic hMMP2 transgenic mice showed significant improvements in glycemia, glucose tolerance and insulin secretion compared to diabetic wild type mice. Importantly, the increased hMMP2 levels in mice correlated with significant reduction in islet β-cell apoptosis compared to wild-type counterparts, and an inhibitor of hMMP2 reversed this mitigating activity against diabetes. The increased activation of Akt and BAD induced by hMMP2 in β-cells compared to controls, links this signaling pathway to the anti-apoptotic activity of hMMP2, a property that was reversible by both an hMMP2 inhibitor and antibody against integrin-β3. CONCLUSION Overall, this study demonstrates that increased expression of hMMP2 may attenuate the severity of diabetes by protecting islet β-cells from apoptosis through an integrin-mediated activation of the Akt/BAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nishihama
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yano
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Corina N D' Alessandro-Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Biology Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Masaaki Toda
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Josephine A Hinneh
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Prince Baffour Tonto
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takeshita
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Totoki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Rumi Mifuji-Moroka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - John Morser
- Division of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 1155, Stanford, CA 94305-5156, United States
| | - Isaac Cann
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Biology Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Esteban C Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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5
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Cirrik S, Schmid-Schönbein GW. IGF-1 receptor cleavage in hypertension. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:406-413. [PMID: 29556095 PMCID: PMC8075889 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased protease activity causes receptor dysfunction due to extracellular cleavage of different membrane receptors in hypertension. The vasodilatory effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are decreased in hypertension. Therefore, in the present study the association of an enhanced protease activity and IGF-1 receptor cleavage was investigated using the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and their normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) controls (n = 4). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities were determined using gelatin zymography on plasma and different tissue samples. WKY aorta rings were incubated in WKY or SHR plasma with or without MMP inhibitors, and immunohistochemistry was used to quantify the densities of the alpha and beta IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) subunits and to determine receptor cleavage. The pAkt and peNOS levels in the aorta were investigated using immunoblotting as a measure of IGF-IR function. Increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were detected in plasma and peripheral tissues of SHRs. IGF-1R beta labeling was similar in both groups without plasma incubation, but the fraction of immunolabeled area for IGF-1R alpha was lower in the endothelial layer of the SHR aorta (p < 0.05). A 24-h incubation of WKY aorta with SHR plasma did not affect the IGF-1R beta labeling density, but reduced the IGF-1R alpha labeling density in the endothelium (p < 0.05). MMP inhibitors prevented this decrease (p < 0.01). Western blot analyses revealed that the pAkt and peNOS levels under IGF-1-stimulated and -unstimulated conditions were lower in SHRs (p < 0.05). A reduced IGF-1 cellular response in the aorta was associated with the decrease in the IGF-1R alpha subunit in the SHR hypertension model. Our results indicate that MMP-dependent receptor cleavage contributed to the reduced IGF-1 response in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Cirrik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
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6
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Peeters SA, Engelen L, Buijs J, Theilade S, Rossing P, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA. Associations between advanced glycation endproducts and matrix metalloproteinases and its inhibitor in individuals with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:325-329. [PMID: 29395841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and altered extracellular matrix remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) are associated with vascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Experimental studies have shown that AGEs regulate the production of MMPs and/or TIMP-1. Therefore, we investigated associations between specific AGEs and MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -10, and TIMP-1 in individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS In 670 type 1 diabetic individuals we determined serum levels of protein-bound AGEs Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), 5-hydro-5-methylimidazolone (MG-H1) and pentosidine, and MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -10, and TIMP-1. We performed linear regression analyses to investigate associations between AGEs and markers of the MMP-TIMP system. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, HbA1c and duration of diabetes, and additionally for other potential confounders and presence of vascular complication. RESULTS After full adjustment, levels of CML were positively associated with levels of MMP-2 and inversely with MMP-9. CEL was positively associated with MMP-3 and TIMP-1. MG-H1 was only associated with TIMP-1, whereas pentosidine was not associated with MMPs or TIMP-1. CONCLUSIONS We showed independent associations between several AGEs and markers of the MMP-TIMP system, which indicate specific AGE-MMP/TIMP-1 interactions potentially contributing to vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Zuyderland hospital, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
| | - L Engelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - J Buijs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zuyderland hospital, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
| | - S Theilade
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - P Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - C G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - C D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Abreu BJ, de Brito Vieira WH. Metalloproteinase Changes in Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 920:185-90. [PMID: 27535260 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a group of over 20 structurally-related proteins which include a Zn(++) ion binding site that is essential for their proteolytic activities. These enzymes play important role in extracellular matrix turnover in order to maintain a proper balance in its synthesis and degradation. MMPs are associated to several physiological and pathophysiological processes, including diabetes mellitus (DM). The mechanisms of DM and its complications is subject of intense research and evidence suggests that MMPs are implicated with the development and progression of diabetic microvascular complications such as nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Recent data has associated DM to changes in the tendon structure, including abnormalities in fiber structure and organization, increased tendon thickness, volume and disorganization obtained by image and a tendency of impairing biomechanical properties. Although not fully elucidated, it is believed that DM-induced MMP dysregulation may contribute to structural and biomechanical alterations and impaired process of tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bento João Abreu
- Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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8
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Garro A, Chodobski A, Szmydynger-Chodobska J, Shan R, Bialo SR, Bennett J, Quayle K, Rewers A, Schunk JE, Casper TC, Kuppermann N, Glaser N. Circulating matrix metalloproteinases in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:95-102. [PMID: 26843101 PMCID: PMC4974171 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate blood-brain barrier dysfunction in inflammatory disease states. Our objective was to compare circulating MMPs in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) to children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without DKA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective study performed at five tertiary-care pediatric hospitals. We measured plasma MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 early during DKA (time 1; within 2 h of beginning intravenous fluids) and during therapy (time 2; median 8 h; range: 4-16 h). The primary outcome was MMP levels in 34 children with DKA vs. 23 children with type 1 diabetes without DKA. Secondary outcomes included correlations between MMPs and measures of DKA severity. RESULTS In children with DKA compared with diabetes controls, circulating MMP-2 levels were lower (mean 77 vs. 244 ng/mL, p < 0.001), MMP-3 levels were similar (mean 5 vs. 4 ng/mL, p = 0.57), and MMP-9 levels were higher (mean 67 vs. 25 ng/mL, p = 0.002) early in DKA treatment. MMP-2 levels were correlated with pH at time 1 (r = 0.45, p = 0.018) and time 2 (r = 0.47, p = 0.015) and with initial serum bicarbonate at time 2 (r = 0.5, p = 0.008). MMP-9 levels correlated with hemoglobin A1c in DKA and diabetes controls, but remained significantly elevated in DKA after controlling for hemoglobin A1c (β = -31.3, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Circulating MMP-2 levels are lower and MMP-9 levels are higher in children during DKA compared with levels in children with diabetes without DKA. Alterations in MMP expression could mediate BBB dysfunction occurring during DKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Garro
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam Chodobski
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Rongzi Shan
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shara R Bialo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jonathan Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Kimberly Quayle
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arleta Rewers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Schunk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T Charles Casper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nathan Kuppermann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Glaser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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9
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Adly AAM, Ismail EA, Tawfik LM, Ebeid FSE, Hassan AAS. Endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Relation to micro-vascular complications. Cytokine 2015; 76:156-162. [PMID: 26142824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) is a multifunctional polypeptide with proinflammatory and antiangiogenic activity. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia appears to be significant factors contributing to increased EMAP-II levels. We determined serum EMAP II in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes as a potential marker for micro-vascular complications and assessed its relation to inflammation and glycemic control. METHODS Eighty children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of micro-vascular complications and compared with 40 healthy controls. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and EMAP II levels were assessed. RESULTS Serum EMAP II levels were significantly increased in patients with micro-vascular complications (1539 ± 321.5 pg/mL) and those without complications (843.6 ± 212.6 pg/mL) compared with healthy controls (153.3 ± 28.3 pg/mL; p<0.001). EMAP II was increased in patients with microalbuminuria than normoalbuminuric group (p<0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between EMAP II levels and body mass index, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and hs-CRP (p<0.05). A cutoff value of EMAP II at 1075 pg/mL could differentiate diabetic patients with and without micro-vascular complications with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 82%. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that EMAP II is elevated in type 1 diabetic patients, particularly those with micro-vascular complications. EMAP II levels are related to inflammation, glycemic control, albuminuria level of patients and the risk of micro-vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A M Adly
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Ismail
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Lamis M Tawfik
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Fatma S E Ebeid
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A S Hassan
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Toni M, Hermida J, Goñi MJ, Fernández P, Parks WC, Toledo E, Montes R, Díez N. Matrix metalloproteinase-10 plays an active role in microvascular complications in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2743-52. [PMID: 24078057 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The role of metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) in type 1 diabetes is not known. We hypothesise that it plays a role in the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. METHODS Serum MMP-10 levels from 269 patients with type 1 diabetes were measured, and their association with microvascular complications was analysed. We also studied whether knocking out the Mmp10 gene influenced the extent of renal injury and retinal damage in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. RESULTS The risk of nephropathy and proliferative retinopathy associated with the highest vs the lowest MMP-10 tertile was increased three to four times independently of the classical risk factors. Accordingly, renal function and morphology were better preserved in diabetic Mmp10 −⁄− mice than in their Mmp10 +/+ counterparts. There were more kidney-infiltrating macrophages in diabetic Mmp10+/+ mice, suggesting that MMP-10 contributes to the inflammatory response leading to microvascular complications. The loss of neuronal cells in the retinas of diabetic Mmp10 +/+ mice was higher than in Mmp10 −⁄− mice. Retinal inflammation was decreased in Mmp10 −⁄− mice, as indicated by their reduced retinal caspase-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION MMP-10 is involved in the development of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes and emerges as a potential therapeutic target for slowing down the evolution of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy.
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11
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Cicero AF, Derosa G, Parini A, Maffioli P, D’Addato S, Reggi A, Giovannini M, Borghi C. Red yeast rice improves lipid pattern, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and vascular remodeling parameters in moderately hypercholesterolemic Italian subjects. Nutr Res 2013; 33:622-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Symeonidis C, Papakonstantinou E, Galli A, Tsinopoulos I, Mataftsi A, Batzios S, Dimitrakos SA. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2, -9) and tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1, -2) activity in tear samples of pediatric type 1 diabetic patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 251:741-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-012-2221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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13
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Min LJ, Mogi M, Shudou M, Jing F, Tsukuda K, Ohshima K, Iwanami J, Horiuchi M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation with angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade is pivotal for the prevention of blood-brain barrier impairment and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetic mice. Hypertension 2012; 59:1079-88. [PMID: 22454480 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.192401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We reported previously that an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, telmisartan, improved cognitive decline with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation; however, the detailed mechanisms are unclear. Enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability with alteration of tight junctions is suggested to be related to diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we examined the possibility that telmisartan could attenuate BBB impairment with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation to improve diabetes mellitus-induced cognitive decline. Type 2 diabetic mice KKA(y) exhibited impairment of cognitive function, and telmisartan treatment attenuated this. Cotreatment with GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ antagonist, interfered with these protective effects of telmisartan against cognitive function. BBB permeability was increased in both the cortex and hippocampus in KKA(y) mice. Administration of telmisartan attenuated this increased BBB permeability. Coadministration of GW9662 reduced this effect of telmisartan. Significant decreases in expression of tight junction proteins and increases in matrix metalloproteinase expression, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokine production were observed in the brain, and treatment with telmisartan restored these changes. Swollen astroglial end-feet in BBB were observed in KKA(y) mice, and this change in BBB ultrastructure was decreased in telmisartan. These effects of telmisartan were weakened by cotreatment with GW9662. In contrast, administration of another angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, losartan, was less effective compared with telmisartan in terms of preventing BBB permeability and astroglial end-foot swelling, and coadministration of GW9662 did not affect the effects of losartan. These findings are consistent with the possibility that, in type 2 diabetic mice, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation by telmisartan may help with protection against cognitive decline by preserving the integrity of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Min
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
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14
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McKittrick IB, Bogaert Y, Nadeau K, Snell-Bergeon J, Hull A, Jiang T, Wang X, Levi M, Moulton KS. Urinary matrix metalloproteinase activities: biomarkers for plaque angiogenesis and nephropathy in diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 301:F1326-33. [PMID: 21921021 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00267.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications of nephropathy and accelerated atherosclerosis are associated with vascular remodeling and dysregulated angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) modify extracellular matrix during vascular remodeling and are excreted in urine of patients with vascular malformation or tumor angiogenesis. We hypothesized that urinary MMP activities would be sensitive biomarkers for vascular remodeling in diabetic complications. Activities of MMP-2, MMP-9, and its complex with neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL/MMP-9) were measured by substrate gel zymography in urine from nondiabetic (ND) and type 1 diabetic (T1D) rodents that were susceptible to both T1D-induced plaque angiogenesis and nephropathy, or nephropathy alone. Additionally, these urine activities were measured in ND and T1D adolescents. Urinary MMP-9, MMP-2, and NGAL/MMP-9 activities were increased and more prevalent in T1D compared with ND controls. Urinary MMP-2 activity was detected in mice with T1D-induced plaque neovascularization. In nephropathy models, urinary NGAL/MMP-9 and MMP-9 activities appeared before onset of albuminuria, whereas MMP-2 was absent or delayed. Finally, urinary MMP activities were increased in adolescents with early stages of T1D. Urinary MMP activities may be sensitive, noninvasive, and clinically useful biomarkers for predicting vascular remodeling in diabetic renal and vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B McKittrick
- Cardiology Division, Dept. of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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15
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Pradeepkumar Singh L, Vivek Sharma A, Swarnakar S. Upregulation of collagenase-1 and -3 in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in diabetic rats: role of melatonin. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:61-74. [PMID: 21342246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Collagenases are key proteases involved in inflammation and injury. We addressed whether collagenases have an association with the susceptibility of gastric injury under diabetes as well as the effect of melatonin on collagenases in ulcerated gastric tissues. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) followed by gastric ulceration using indomethacin, and melatonin's action was studied by its application prior to indomethacin exposure. Ulcer indices and damage were elevated significantly in gastric tissues of diabetic compared with nondiabetic rats. Melatonin reversed the effect of indomethacin during protection of gastric ulcers in diabetic rats. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 (i.e., collagenase-3) was upregulated in diabetic gastric mucosa and enhanced further upon ulceration while melatonin ameliorated their activity. In addition, gastric tissues showed enhanced expression of both MMP-1 (i.e., collagenases-1) and -13 significantly in diabetic rats compared with nondiabetic animals and more so during ulceration while tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) showed an opposite trend. MMP-2 activities exhibited a ∼50% downregulation during gastric ulceration which were rescued by melatonin. Moreover, increased expression of both MMP-1 and -13 was mediated by activator protein-1 activation via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 which were parallel to upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and heat shock protein-70 during ulceration. Melatonin arrested collagenase expression by downregulation of these signaling molecules thereby halting the progression of the disease. We conclude that diabetic gastric tissues are susceptible to ulceration and associated with MMP-1 and -13 upregulation in indomethacin-induced injury. Additionally, melatonin protects the gastric damage under diabetes via regulation of both MMP-1 and -13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laishram Pradeepkumar Singh
- Department of Physiology, Drug Development Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
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16
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Sesso R, Franco MCP. Abnormalities in metalloproteinase pathways and IGF-I axis: a link between birth weight, hypertension, and vascular damage in childhood. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:6-11. [PMID: 19893495 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous studies suggest an inverse relationship between birth weight and cardiovascular disease, the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon is not fully understood. Here, we postulate that alterations in plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and growth factors might show different associations between birth weight, blood pressure levels, and vascular function. METHODS Concentrations of MMP-2 and its tissue inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2), MMP-9, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its binding protein IGFBP-3 were measured in 64 children (34 boys, 30 girls). RESULTS Small-for-gestational-age children exhibited elevated amounts of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio, MMP-9/TIMP-2 ratio, as well as lower concentration of IGF-I (P < 0.01), a known regulator of elastin synthesis. Similar findings were observed after adjustment for current age, gender, and race. The changes in the circulating levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and IGF-I correlated significantly with birth weight, systolic blood pressure, and vascular function. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that MMP-2 was found to be an independent predictor of systolic blood pressure (R(2) = 0.08), whereas MMP-9 and birth weight were independent predictors of vascular dysfunction (R(2) = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS It is possible that the association of fetal programming with elevated risk for vascular and metabolic disease in later life is, at least in part, mediated by perturbations in the MMP pathways.
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17
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Wang Y, Su Y, Xu Y, Pan SH, Liu GD. Genetic polymorphism c.1562C>T of the MMP-9 is associated with macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:113-7. [PMID: 19909726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) c.1562C>T polymorphism has an effect on the plasma MMP-9 levels and the macroangiopathic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS The genotypes and allelic frequencies of the MMP-9 c.1562C>T were examined with polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in 320 patients with T2DM and 160 unrelated healthy subjects. The plasma concentrations of MMP-9 were determined in all subjects. RESULTS The mean plasma concentrations of MMP-9 of patients with T2DM were significantly higher than that of controls and the plasma levels of MMP-9 were higher in diabetic patients with macroangiopathy than in patients without macroangiopathy (P<0.05). The genotype (CC, CT, and TT) distribution of c.1562C>T polymorphism of the MMP-9 gene was 60.0%, 31.3%, and 8.8% in diabetic patients with macroangiopathy, 76.3%, 21.3%, and 2.5% in patients without macroangiopathy, and 77.5%, 21.3%, 1.3% in controls, respectively, a significant difference was found between diabetic patients with and without macroangiopathy (P<0.05). The frequency of the allele T was higher in patients with macroangiopathy than in patients without macroangiopathy (24.4% vs 13.1%; P<0.05). Moreover, the plasma MMP-9 levels were markedly higher in patients with TT genotype than those with CC or CT genotype in patients with macroangiopathy (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The MMP-9 c.1562C>T gene polymorphism associated with a predisposition to increased plasma MMP-9 levels could constitute a useful predictive marker for diabetic macroangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Post Rd Nangang Region, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150001, China
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18
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Gharagozlian S, Svennevig K, Bangstad HJ, Winberg JO, Kolset SO. Matrix metalloproteinases in subjects with type 1 diabetes. BMC Clin Pathol 2009; 9:7. [PMID: 19758433 PMCID: PMC2753592 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-9-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nephropathy is serious complication of diabetes. We have previously shown that level of the proteoglycan syndecan-1 in blood is associated with ultrastructural kidney changes in young persons with type 1 diabetes. Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may contribute to the development of nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate if the levels of MMPs in blood samples are potential markers of early nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. Methods Blood samples were collected from type 1 diabetes patients after 11 years of diabetes (n = 15) and healthy volunteers (n = 12) and stored at ÷80°C until measurement. Levels and activities of serum MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP- 2 were analyzed and compared to those of control individuals using ELISA, SDS-PAGE gelatin zymography, and Western blot analysis. Results The serum levels of both MMP-9 and MMP-2 were significantly higher in subjects with type 1 diabetes, compared to controls (p = 0.016 and p = 0.008 respectively). Western blotting revealed no differences between the two groups in the levels of TIMP-1 or TIMP-2, respectively. Conclusion Our MMP analysis of serum from a limited number of patients with type 1 diabetes suggest that such analysis is potentially useful as markers in studies of people at risk of progression to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedegheh Gharagozlian
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Box 1046, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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19
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Derosa G, Maffioli P, D'Angelo A, Salvadeo SAT, Ferrari I, Fogari E, Gravina A, Mereu R, Randazzo S, Cicero AFG. Effects of long chain omega-3 fatty acids on metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in combined dyslipidemia patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009; 10:1239-47. [PMID: 19397392 DOI: 10.1517/14656560902865601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the effect of a standardized dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on the level of some markers of vascular remodeling in patients with combined dyslipidemia. Three hundred and thirty-three patients received placebo or n-3 PUFAs for 6 months. We evaluated body mass index, glycemic profile, blood pressure, lipid profile, lipoprotein(a), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, homocysteine, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C reactive protein, ADP, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -2. A significant increase of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and a significant decrease of triglycerides were present after 3 and 6 months with n-3 PUFAs intake. A significant plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C reactive protein decrease was obtained after 3 and 6 months and a significant ADP increase was observed after 3 and 6 months of n-3 PUFAs. A significant MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 decrease was obtained after 6 months compared to the baseline value with n-3 PUFAs intake. n-3 PUFAs give a better lipid profile and a better improvement of coagulation, fibrinolytic and inflammatory parameters than placebo. Furthermore, lowers levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and their tissue inhibitors are obtained with n-3 PUFAs compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Derosa
- University of Pavia, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, P.le C. Golgi, 2 - 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Thrailkill KM, Clay Bunn R, Fowlkes JL. Matrix metalloproteinases: their potential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Endocrine 2009; 35:1-10. [PMID: 18972226 PMCID: PMC2629499 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of proteinases including collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, and membrane-type MMPs, affect the breakdown and turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, they are major physiologic determinants of ECM degradation and turnover in the glomerulus. Renal hypertrophy and abnormal ECM deposition are hallmarks of diabetic nephropathy (DN), suggesting that altered MMP expression or activation contributes to renal injury in DN. Herein, we review and summarize recent information supporting a role for MMPs in the pathogenesis of DN. Specifically, studies describing dysregulated activity of MMPs and/or their tissue inhibitors in various experimental models of diabetes, including animal models of type 1 or type 2 diabetes, clinical investigations of human type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and kidney cell culture studies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Thrailkill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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21
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Lercanidipine decreases vascular matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and protects against vascular dysfunction in diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 599:110-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Derosa G, Ferrari I, D'Angelo A, Tinelli C, Salvadeo SAT, Ciccarelli L, Piccinni MN, Gravina A, Ramondetti F, Maffioli P, Cicero AFG. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 levels in obese patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:219-24. [PMID: 18663625 DOI: 10.1080/10623320802228815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The data reported in literature revealed a novel function for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as modulators of adipogenesis. However, their expression profile and role in the cellular microenvironment during obesity-mediated adipose tissue development remain poorly defined. The authors hypothesized that MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels might be abnormal in obesity, reflecting alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. One hundred and sixty three obese patients and 165 controls were enrolled. The following were measured: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (Tg), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and plasma levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. A significant increase of BMI and WC (p< .0001) was observed in obese patients. No FPG change was present in obese group, whereas FPI and HOMA index increases (p< .0001) were obtained in obese patients compared to control subjects. No SBP and DBP variations were observed in obese group. Significant TC and LDL-C increases (p< .0001) were present in obese patients, whereas no HDL-C, Tg, and Lp(a) changes were obtained in both groups. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in obese group (p< .0001). Plasma levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are increased in obese patients which may reflect abnormal ECM metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
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Lu L, Zhang Q, Pu LJ, Peng WH, Yan XX, Wang LJ, Chen QJ, Zhu ZB, Michel JB, Shen WF. Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors is related to abnormality of left ventricular geometry and function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic minipigs. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:125-37. [PMID: 18336530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in relation to changes in left ventricle (LV) geometry and function in a porcine model with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In 15 Chinese Guizhou minipigs with STZ-induced diabetes (diabetic group) and 15 age-matched normal controls (control group), Doppler tissue imaging was performed at 6 months of diabetes. Serum MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, -4 and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were determined. Expression of MMPs, TIMPs, urokinase type-plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in aortic intima and LV myocardium was evaluated, with gelatinolytic activities of tissue MMP-2, -9 accessed by zymography. Left ventricle end-diastolic septum thickness (P < 0.05) and mass (P < 0.05) were increased, whereas peak systolic mitral annulus velocity (Sm, P < 0.001), LV systolic (P = 0.01) and diastolic strain (P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in diabetic group than in controls. Diabetic group showed higher expression of TIMP-1, -4 in aortic intima and LV myocardium (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), with increased collagen content and elevated serum BNP level (P = 0.004) and lower gelatinolytic activities of tissue MMP-2, -9 (all P < 0.05). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR of those diabetic tissues revealed elevated mRNA levels of major TIMPs, uPA, uPAR and PAI-1. Reduction of serum MMP-2 and -9 levels was observed in diabetic group vs. control group (both P < 0.05). This study features elevated levels of TIMP-1, -4, uPA, uPAR and PAI-1, and decreased activities of MMP-2, -9 in aorta and myocardium in STZ-induced diabetic minipigs, indicating that MMP-TIMP dysregulation is associated with LV hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction and increased cardiovascular fibrosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Thrailkill KM, Bunn RC, Moreau CS, Cockrell GE, Simpson PM, Coleman HN, Frindik JP, Kemp SF, Fowlkes JL. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 dysregulation in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:2321-6. [PMID: 17563344 PMCID: PMC2239013 DOI: 10.2337/dc07-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 may contribute pathologically to the development of diabetes complications, including diabetic retinopathy and coronary and peripheral arterial disease. Our objective was to explore whether systemic MMP-2 dysregulation could be demonstrated in type 1 diabetes and to determine how MMP-2 concentration relates to disease status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, MMP-2 concentrations and MMP-2 activity were measured in plasma and timed urine samples from 93 type 1 diabetic and 50 healthy control subjects, aged 14-40 years. Relationships between MMP-2 concentrations in these biological fluids and subject characteristics (sex, age, and duration of type 1 diabetes), indexes of glycemic control (A1C, fasting plasma glucose, and continuous glucose monitoring system average daily glucose), and measurements of renal function (urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate) were examined. RESULTS Urine and plasma MMP-2 concentrations and plasma MMP-2 activity were all significantly elevated in type 1 diabetic subjects compared with those in control subjects. Urine MMP-2 concentrations, in particular, were correlated with several clinical parameters that infer increased risk for diabetic comorbidity and specifically for diabetic nephropathy, including higher A1C, longer duration of disease, evidence of renal hyperfiltration, and the presence of microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Urine and plasma MMP-2 concentrations are dysregulated in type 1 diabetes; urinary excretion of MMP-2, in particular, might provide a unique biomarker of diabetes-induced intrarenal pathologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Thrailkill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA.
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Hawkins BT, Lundeen TF, Norwood KM, Brooks HL, Egleton RD. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability and altered tight junctions in experimental diabetes in the rat: contribution of hyperglycaemia and matrix metalloproteinases. Diabetologia 2007; 50:202-11. [PMID: 17143608 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Although diabetes mellitus is associated with peripheral microvascular complications and increased risk of neurological events, the mechanisms by which diabetes disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are not known. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is increased in diabetic patients, is associated with degradation of tight junction proteins, and is a known mediator of BBB compromise. We hypothesise that diabetes leads to compromise of BBB tight junctions via stimulation of MMP activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in the rat with streptozotocin. At 14 days after injection, BBB function was assessed by in situ brain perfusion. Tight junction proteins were assessed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Plasma MMP activity was quantified by fluorometric gelatinase assay and gel zymography. RESULTS In streptozotocin-treated animals, permeability to [(14)C]sucrose increased concurrently with decreased production of BBB tight junction proteins occludin (also known as OCLN) and zona occludens 1 (ZO-1, also known as tight junction protein 1 or TJP1). Insulin treatment, begun on day 7, normalised blood glucose levels and attenuated BBB hyperpermeability to [(14)C]sucrose. Neither acute hyperglycaemia in naive animals nor acute normalisation of blood glucose in streptozotocin-treated animals altered BBB permeability to [(14)C]sucrose. Plasma MMP activity was increased in streptozotocin-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data indicate that diabetes increases BBB permeability via a loss of tight junction proteins, and that increased BBB permeability in diabetes does not result from hyperglycaemia alone. Increased plasma MMP activity is implicated in degradation of BBB tight junction proteins and increased BBB permeability in diabetes. Peripheral MMP activity may present a novel target for protection of the BBB and prevention of neurological complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Hawkins
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ 85724-5050, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the proteoglycan metabolism of the intima of arteries belong to the initial lesions of atherosclerosis (AS). The accumulation of proteoglycans, alterations of pericellular glycoproteins and modulations of collagen turnover also play a fundamental role in the progression of AS. They influence lipid retention, cell behavior and calcinosis. The decisive role played by the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibiting factors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases [TIMPs]) in these processes is not yet fully understood and therefore the subject of this overview. The causes of the abrupt change of a long-term existing stabile AS to a vulnerable plaque as well as the participation of age-related vascular wall remodeling in the progression of AS also remain open questions. DISCUSSION Apart from the well-known risk factors for AS, less well-known influences like the disturbances of gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells affect an MMP/TIMP imbalance. The various consequences of this imbalance range from intima cell proliferation as an early change in AS as well as accelerated progression to the destabilization of fibrous plaques by increased collagenolysis as well as the formation of aneurysms. Infectious or toxic influences may trigger these mechanisms; an involvement of age-related vessel wall changes should also be considered. The prognostic significance of circulating MMP concentrations for the existence of instabile plaques are of great interest, as is the plaque stabilizing effect of statins by suppression of MMPs. CONCLUSIONS MMPs navigate the behavior of vascular wall cells in different AS stages, in adaptive remodeling, in normal aging and in non-atherosclerotic vessel disease. The clinical relevance of a disturbance in the MMP/TIMP balance is demonstrated firstly by the initiation of AS due to migration and proliferation of intima cells and secondly in the collagenolysis, necrotic transformation and apoptosis of existing fibrous lesions resulting in instabile rupture proned plaques. Investigations into the genetic typing of MMPs and the results of experimental gene deficiency models have significantly contributed to the clarification of these facts.
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