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Dawid M, Kurowska P, Pawlicki P, Kotula-Balak M, Milewicz T, Dupont J, Rak A. Visfatin (NAMPT) expression in human placenta cells in normal and pathological conditions and its hormonal regulation in trophoblast JEG-3 cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310389. [PMID: 39292698 PMCID: PMC11410215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Visfatin is an adipokine involved in energy metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, and female reproduction. Due to limited data about its action in the human placenta, the aims of our studies included the analysis of visfatin expression and immunolocalization in trophoblast cell lines JEG-3 and BeWo as well as in human placentas from normal and pathological pregnancies. Moreover, we also checked the hormonal regulation of visfatin levels and the molecular mechanism of observed changes in JEG-3 cells. Cell culture and placental fragments collection along with statistical analysis were performed using standard laboratory procedures also described in our previous papers. We demonstrated an increased gene and protein expression of visfatin in JEG-3, BeWo cells, while variable expression in maternal and fetal parts of normal/ pathological pregnancy placentas. In addition, the immunolocalization of visfatin was observed in the cytoplasm of both cell lines, the capillary epithelium of the maternal part and syncytiotrophoblasts of the placental fetal part; in all tested pathologies, the signal was also detected in decidual cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hormones: progesterone, estradiol, human chorionic gonadotropin, and insulin increased the visfatin levels in JEG-3 cells with the involvement of specific signaling pathways. Taken together, differences in the expression and localization of visfatin between normal and pathological placentas suggested that visfatin may be a potential marker for the diagnosis of pregnancy disorders. In addition, we found that placental levels of visfatin can be regulated by hormones known to modulate the function of placental cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dawid
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawlicki
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Milewicz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joelle Dupont
- INRAE, UMR0085, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
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Dawid M, Pich K, Mlyczyńska E, Respekta-Długosz N, Wachowska D, Greggio A, Szkraba O, Kurowska P, Rak A. Adipokines in pregnancy. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:172-269. [PMID: 38797542 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive success consists of a sequential events chronology, starting with the ovum fertilization, implantation of the embryo, placentation, and cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, endocrinology, or metabolic changes, which taken together finally conduct the birth of healthy offspring. Currently, many factors are known that affect the regulation and proper maintenance of pregnancy in humans, domestic animals, or rodents. Among the determinants of reproductive success should be distinguished: the maternal microenvironment, genes, and proteins as well as numerous pregnancy hormones that regulate the most important processes and ensure organism homeostasis. It is well known that white adipose tissue, as the largest endocrine gland in our body, participates in the synthesis and secretion of numerous hormones belonging to the adipokine family, which also may regulate the course of pregnancy. Unfortunately, overweight and obesity lead to the expansion of adipose tissue in the body, and its excess in both women and animals contributes to changes in the synthesis and release of adipokines, which in turn translates into dramatic changes during pregnancy, including those taking place in the organ that is crucial for the proper progress of pregnancy, i.e. the placenta. In this chapter, we are summarizing the current knowledge about levels of adipokines and their role in the placenta, taking into account the physiological and pathological conditions of pregnancy, e.g. gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction in humans, domestic animals, and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dawid
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pich
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Respekta-Długosz
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominka Wachowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Greggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Oliwia Szkraba
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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Radzicka-Mularczyk S, Zaborowski MP, Brązert J, Pietryga M. Serum visfatin as a metabolic biomarker in obese patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2022; 46:396-405. [PMID: 35078309 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visfatin is an adipokine produced and secreted by the adipose tissue. It exerts an insulin-like effect by the insulin receptor-1 and has a hypoglycemic effect. We aimed to investigate how serum visfatin changes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and whether it is predictive of neonatal outcomes. METHODS Visfatin levels were prospectively measured in peripheral blood serum by enzyme immunoassay in 210 pregnant women, 156 of which were diagnosed with GDM, 18 of which suffered from pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and 36 healthy controls. RESULTS Patients with obesity class II (median=2.562 ng/mL) and class III (median=6.2940 ng/mL) had higher serum visfatin than overweight patients (median=0.735 ng/mL); (Mann-Whitney U test, P=0.037 and P=0.023, respectively). In GDM patients with BMI above 30, serum visfatin was associated to glycosylated hemoglobin (Spearman correlation test, R=0.26, P=0.045). Women with BMI above 25 treated with insulin had lower serum visfatin levels than those treated with diet only (Mann-Whitney U test, P=0.045). No correlation was found between visfatin and parameters of lipid profile such as HDL, LDL, or triglycerides (Spearman correlation tests, R=-0.051, -0.1, 0.0019; P=0.54, 0.29, 0.98, respectively). We observed that visfatin was not associated with birth weight (Spearman correlation test, R=-0.014, P=0.86) or adverse neonatal outcome as measured by umbilical artery pH below 7.25 (Mann-Whitney U test, P=0.55) or Apgar score below 10 (Mann-Whitney U test, P=0.21). CONCLUSIONS In GDM patients with higher BMI, serum visfatin was elevated, correlated positively with glycosylated hemoglobin, and decreased upon treatment with insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Radzicka-Mularczyk
- Division of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland -
| | - Mikołaj P Zaborowski
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Brązert
- Division of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Pietryga
- Division of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Jiang YK, Deng HY, Qiao ZY, Gong FX. Visfatin level and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:468-478. [PMID: 33476191 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1874997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It is reported that elevated visfatin level is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the relationship between visfatin level and GDM remains controversial. The aim of our study was to systematically review available literature linking visfatin to GDM for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between circulating visfatin level and GDM in human. PubMed, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for studies published up to July 2020. Standard mean difference with 95% confidence interval was calculated to evaluate the relationship between visfatin level and GDM using the Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0. The evidence indicated that no significant difference was observed in the level of circulating visfatin between the women with GDM and normal glucose tolerance, suggesting circulating visfatin level is not independently related to GDM. Nevertheless, visfatin is involved in the development of GDM in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kuan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Hai-Yan Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Xiao Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Šimják P, Anderlová K, Cinkajzlová A, Pařízek A, Kršek M, Haluzík M. The possible role of endocrine dysfunction of adipose tissue in gestational diabetes mellitus. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2021; 45:228-242. [PMID: 33000620 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.20.03192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diabetes that is first diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy in patients who did not have a history of diabetes before pregnancy. Consequences of GDM include increased risk of macrosomia and birth complications in the infant and an increased risk of maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after pregnancy. There is also a longer-term risk of obesity, T2DM, and cardiovascular diseases in the child. GDM is the result of impaired glucose tolerance due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction on a background of insulin resistance that physiologically increases during pregnancy. The strongest clinical predictors of GDM are overweight and obesity. The fact that women with GDM are more likely to be overweight or obese suggests that adipose tissue dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM, similarly to T2DM. Adipose tissue is not only involved in energy storage but also functions as an active endocrine organ secreting adipokines (specific hormones and cytokines) with the ability to alter insulin sensitivity. Recent evidence points to a crucial role of numerous adipokines produced by fat in the development of GDM. The following text summarizes the current knowledge about a possible role of selected adipokines in the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Šimják
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Anderlová
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Cinkajzlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Pařízek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kršek
- Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic -
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Wnuk A, Stangret A, Wątroba M, Płatek AE, Skoda M, Cendrowski K, Sawicki W, Szukiewicz D. Can adipokine visfatin be a novel marker of pregnancy-related disorders in women with obesity? Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13022. [PMID: 32220005 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become a dangerous disease requiring multiple interventions, treatment and preventions. In women of reproductive age, obesity is one of the most common medical conditions. Among others, obese state is characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation and enhanced oxidative stress. Increased maternal body mass index might amplify inflammation and reactive oxygen species production, which is associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes that affect both mother and child. Intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes mellitus are examples of the hampered maternal and foetoplacental unit interactions. Visfatin is the obesity-related adipokine produced mainly by the visceral adipose tissue. Visfatin affects glucose homeostasis, as well as the regulation of genes related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Here, we review visfatin interactions in pregnancy-related disorders linked to obesity. We highlight the possible predictive and prognostic value of visfatin in diagnostic strategies on gravidas with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wnuk
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stangret
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wątroba
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna E Płatek
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Skoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Cendrowski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Lu D, Yang M, Yao Y, Xie Y. A clinical research study on the respective relationships between visfatin and human fetuin A and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 58:808-813. [PMID: 31759533 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the role of visfatin (VF) and human fetuin A (AHSG) in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to explore the association between these variables and adverse outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out our study on 68 cases of GDM pregnant women and 42 cases of healthy pregnant women, including 56 cases with diet control and 12 cases with insulin treatment. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to test the expression levels of VF and AHSG in maternal and umbilical cord serum. Immunohistochemistry (ICH) was used to test the expression level of the VF protein in placental tissue. RESULTS The expression levels of VF and AHSG in maternal and umbilical cord serum and the expression level of VF in placental tissue in GDM pregnant women were higher than those in healthy pregnant women. The incidence of adverse outcomes in the GDM pregnant women was higher than that in healthy pregnant women, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Those who had higher expression levels of VF or AHSG had a higher incidence of adverse outcomes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of VF and AHSG may participate in the development of GDM. A test of VF and AHSG in GDM pregnant women may have some predictive value for the occurrence of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of North Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianmen People's Hospital, Tianmen, 431700, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjiao Yao
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanyan Xie
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
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Bawah AT, Seini MM, Abaka-Yawason A, Alidu H, Nanga S. Leptin, resistin and visfatin as useful predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:221. [PMID: 31836012 PMCID: PMC6909521 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipids and adipokines including leptin, resistin and visfatin play various roles in the pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). This study was aimed at determining whether serum leptin, resistin and visfatin are significantly altered during the first trimester of pregnancies that subsequently develop GDM and whether such changes are useful in predicting the disease. Methods This was a case-case control study which compared first trimester biochemical and anthropometric parameters in 70 pregnant women who subsequently developed GDM and 70 pregnant women without GDM at the Volta Regional Hospital, Ho, Ghana. Lipid profile and some selected adipokines were analyzed and first trimester body mass index (BMI) was determined. Results There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in leptin, resistin, and visfatin as well as significant dyslipidemia among those with GDM compared to those without GDM. Furthermore, the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves (AUCs) for leptin, resistin and visfatin were; 0.812, 0.836 and 0.799 respectively. Increased first trimester leptin (OR = 1.166; CI = 1.104–1.233; p < 0.0001), resistin (p < 0.0001) and visfatin (p < 0.0001) were associated with GDM. Conclusion Hyperleptinemia, hyperesistinemia and hypervisfatinemia precede GDM and can serve as good predictive indices for gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tijani Bawah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana.
| | | | - Albert Abaka-Yawason
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Huseini Alidu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Salifu Nanga
- School of Basic and Biomedical Science, University of Health and Allied Science, Ho, Ghana
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Souvannavong-Vilivong X, Sitticharoon C, Klinjampa R, Keadkraichaiwat I, Sripong C, Chatree S, Sririwichitchai R, Lertbunnaphong T. Placental expressions and serum levels of adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin in GDM. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:1121-1131. [PMID: 31076892 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin have been shown to be associated with insulin sensitivity and might have a role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to (1) compare adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin mRNA expressions in placenta and their serum levels between normal pregnancy (NP) and GDM class A1 (GDMA1) pregnancy and (2) determine correlations between placental gene expressions as well as serum levels with maternal and neonatal clinical parameters in all, NP, and GDM subjects. METHODS NP subjects (n = 37), who had normal medical history during their pregnancies without diagnosis of any abnormalities and GDMA1 subjects (n = 37), who were diagnosed since they had antenatal care, were recruited when they were in labor with a gestational age of at least 34 weeks. Clinical parameters and serum adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin levels were measured in the delivery room. RESULTS GDMA1 subjects had higher serum visfatin and plasma glucose levels, but lower serum omentin levels (p < 0.05 all) compared to controls, with comparable levels of placental adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin expressions, plasma insulin, and indices of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance. Serum visfatin was negatively correlated with neonatal weight and length in the GDM group (p < 0.05 all). Serum omentin was negatively correlated with pre-pregnancy body mass index and waist circumference only in the NP group (p < 0.05 all). Serum adiponectin was negatively correlated with maternal age and HOMA-IR in the NP group (p < 0.05 all) and with placental weight and serum omentin in the GDM group (p < 0.05 all). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in GDMA1, increased serum visfatin, which has insulin-mimetic effect, might be associated with a compensatory mechanism that improves the impaired insulin function. Decreased serum omentin in GDMA1, which is normally found in visceral obesity, might lead to insulin resistance and contribute to the pathophysiology of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaynaly Souvannavong-Vilivong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Rd, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chantacha Sitticharoon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Rd, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Roongrit Klinjampa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Rd, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Issarawan Keadkraichaiwat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Rd, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanakarn Sripong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Rd, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Saimai Chatree
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Rd, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Sririwichitchai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Rd, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Tripop Lertbunnaphong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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de Gennaro G, Palla G, Battini L, Simoncini T, Del Prato S, Bertolotto A, Bianchi C. The role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:737-751. [PMID: 30990092 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1597346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex condition whose physiopathology to date has not been completely clarified. Two major metabolic disorders, insulin resistance and β-cells dysfunction, play currently major role in pathogenesis of GDM. These elements are influenced by the amount of adipose tissue present before and/or during the pregnancy. Consequently, adipokines (adiponectin (APN), leptin (LPT), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, resistin, visfatin, omentin, vaspin, apelin, chemerin) secreted by adipose tissue, may contribute directly and/or indirectly, through the enhancement of chronic inflammation, aggravating insulin resistance and promoting GDM onset. This review aims to outline the potential physiopathological and prognostic role in GDM of adipokines, mainly APN and LPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de Gennaro
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - G Palla
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - L Battini
- b Maternal-Infant Department, University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - T Simoncini
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - S Del Prato
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - A Bertolotto
- c Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - C Bianchi
- c Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Pace NP, Bonello A, Roshan MH, Vassallo J. Circulating visfatin levels in the second and third trimester of pregnancies with gestational diabetes: a systematic review. MINERVA GINECOLOGICA 2019; 71:329-343. [PMID: 31274262 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.18.04293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are multiple published conflicting associations of the adipocytokine visfatin with gestational diabetes. In this study, we attempted to investigate this relationship via a systematic review of the published literature. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Literature retrieval using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Hydi databases followed by article selection and data extraction were conducted. Relevant studies published up to June 2018 were included. In total, 29 cohorts that were published in 27 articles were analyzed. Three studies carried out in early pregnancy were excluded. A total of 2365 individuals, with 1069 gestational diabetes (GDM) cases and 1296 controls from studies describing visfatin in the second or third trimester of gestation were included. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The difference in visfatin levels between women with GDM and the controls in the second and third trimester was measured by weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was inspected by using both subgroup and meta-regression analysis. Analysis was restricted to studies describing singleton pregnancies. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. CONCLUSIONS No significant difference in circulating visfatin levels in GDM during the second trimester of pregnancy (WMD -0.30 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.06, 1.45, SE=0.895, P=0.733) was detected. Meta-analysis of the studies in the third trimester revealed a significant negative effect, that was however driven by only one study. This finding limits the meaningful interpretation of the pooled analysis. Significant heterogeneity was identified between studies, and meta-regression analysis showed that homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance contributes significantly to heterogeneity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that peripheral blood visfatin concentration cannot be robustly associated with gestational diabetes status in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai P Pace
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta -
| | - Antonia Bonello
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Mohsin H Roshan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Josanne Vassallo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Bellos I, Fitrou G, Pergialiotis V, Perrea DN, Daskalakis G. Serum levels of adipokines in gestational diabetes: a systematic review. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:621-631. [PMID: 30392100 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the difference of serum levels of 10 adipokines (apelin, chemerin, fatty acid-binding protein-4, fibroblast growth factor-21, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, nesfatin-1, omentin-1, resistin, vaspin, and visfatin) among women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted using the Medline (1966-2018), Scopus (2004-2018), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (1999-2018), Clinicaltrials.gov (2008-2018) and Google Scholar (2004-2018) databases, along with the reference list of the included studies. RESULTS Ninety-one studies were included in the present review, with a total number of 11,074 pregnant women. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to the high inter-study heterogeneity. Current evidence suggests that fatty acid-binding protein-4 levels are significantly increased in pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes, while no association of serum apelin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 with the disease can be supported. Data regarding the rest adipokines are conflicting, since the available studies did not unanimously indicate a significant change of their levels in gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present systematic review suggest the promising role of fatty acid-binding protein-4 in the prediction of gestational diabetes, while inconsistent evidence exists regarding the rest novel adipokines. Future cohorts are needed to assess their predictive efficacy and fully elucidate their contribution in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bellos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15Β, Ag. Thoma str., 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| | - G Fitrou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15Β, Ag. Thoma str., 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - V Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15Β, Ag. Thoma str., 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - D N Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15Β, Ag. Thoma str., 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - G Daskalakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Zhang J, Ma S, Guo C, Long S, Wu S, Tan H. Research progress on etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s2414-6447(19)30179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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14
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Zhang Y, Huo Y, He W, Liu S, Li H, Li L. Visfatin is regulated by interleukin‑6 and affected by the PPAR‑γ pathway in BeWo cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:400-406. [PMID: 30483779 PMCID: PMC6297763 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Visfatin, an adipocytokine and cytosolic enzyme with nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) activity, is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous metabolic disorders. In addition, the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) serves important roles in anti-inflammatory reactions and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the expression and secretion of visfatin in BeWo cells, and to determine whether the PPAR-γ pathway is involved in the regulation of visfatin by IL-6. Therefore, BeWo cells were stimulated with serial concentrations of IL-6 or pioglitazone, and the expression levels of visfatin and PPAR-γ were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results of the present study demonstrated that IL-6 downregulated the mRNA levels of visfatin and PPAR-γ, which were strongly associated. Activation of PPAR-γ by pioglitazone resulted in significantly increased expression of visfatin, which abrogated the inhibitory effect of IL-6 on visfatin in BeWo cells. Furthermore, treatment using pioglitazone alone increased the expression and secretion of the visfatin protein, compared with the control or IL-6 alone group. In summary, the findings of the present study suggested that IL-6 inhibited the expression of visfatin and PPAR-γ at the transcriptional level; in addition, activation of PPAR-γ upregulated visfatin at the mRNA and protein expression levels. Therefore, the PPAR-γ signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of visfatin by IL-6 in BeWo cells. These results may provide novel insight into the roles of visfatin in trophoblastic cells. Furthermore, thiazolidinedione pioglitazone, by upregulating visfatin expression, may promote the energy metabolism of trophoblastic cells, maintain the function of the placenta and improve the outcome of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huo
- Department of Obstetrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui He
- Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Suxin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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ŠIMJÁK P, CINKAJZLOVÁ A, ANDERLOVÁ K, KLOUČKOVÁ J, KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ H, LACINOVÁ Z, KAVÁLKOVÁ P, KREJČÍ H, MRÁZ M, PAŘÍZEK A, KRŠEK M, HALUZÍK M. Changes in Plasma Concentrations and mRNA Expression of Hepatokines Fetuin A, Fetuin B and FGF21 in Physiological Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S531-S542. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured plasma concentrations, adipose tissue and placental mRNA expression of hepatokines fetuin A, fetuin B and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in 12 healthy pregnant women (P group), 12 pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and 10 healthy non-pregnant women (N group) to explore their potential role in the etiopathogenesis of GDM. GDM and P group had comparable BMI, C-reactive protein (CRP) and glycated hemoglobin levels while IL-10 and TNF-α levels were higher in GDM group. Fetuin A and fetuin B levels were higher in pregnancy as compared to N group and decreased after delivery with no apparent influence of GDM. In contrast, the pattern of changes of circulating FGF21 levels differed between GDM and P group. Fetuin A concentrations positively correlated with CRP, TNF-α mRNA expression in adipose tissue and IL-6 mRNA expression in placenta. Fetuin B positively correlated with CRP. FGF21 levels correlated positively with IFN-γ mRNA in adipose tissue and inversely with IL-8 mRNA in the placenta. Taken together, fetuin A and fetuin B levels were increased during pregnancy regardless of the presence of GDM. In contrast, FGF21 patterns differed between healthy pregnant women and GDM patients suggesting a possible role of this hepatokine in the etiopathogenesis of GDM.
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Zhang W, Zhao D, Meng Z, Wang H, Zhao K, Feng X, Li Y, Dun A, Jin X, Hou H. Association between circulating visfatin and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:1113-1120. [PMID: 29992461 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a medical complication of any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Although visfatin is commonly considered to be related to GDM, studies revealed inconsistent results. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between visfatin and GDM. METHODS The protocol for this study was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42018086204) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). PubMed and Embase databases were used to search for relevant studies published up to September 30, 2017. The difference of visfatin levels between women with GDM and the controls was measured by standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Twenty-six studies that were published in 24 articles met the inclusion criteria, in which 2305 participants (1033 with GDM, mean age 31.39 years and 1272 controls, and mean age 29.99 years) were included. The quantitative meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in circulating visfatin levels between women with GDM and the controls (SMD = 0.249, 95% CI = - 0.079 to 0.576, P = 0.137). Subgroup analyses were performed referring to body mass index (BMI) where inconsistent results have been observed between cases and controls groups. For the ten studies, in which the level of BMI in women with GDM was higher than that in the control group, the pooled result showed that circulating visfatin was significantly higher among women with GDM than the controls (SMD = 0.367, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.728, P = 0.046). Of other 16 studies BMI-matched, the pooled SMD illustrated no difference of visfatin. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates that visfatin is not independently associated with GDM. Visfatin is linked to GDM through maternal overweight/obesity, which is one of the major factors leading to the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Taishan Medical University, 2 Yingsheng East Road, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Taishan Medical University, 2 Yingsheng East Road, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiu Meng
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, 2 Yingsheng East Road, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huachen Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunsheng Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Feng
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, 2 Yingsheng East Road, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Li
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, 2 Yingsheng East Road, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Aishe Dun
- School of Basic Medical Science, Taishan Medical University, 2 Yingsheng East Road, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Jin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Taishan Medical University, 2 Yingsheng East Road, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, 2 Yingsheng East Road, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, 6027, Australia.
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Šimják P, Cinkajzlová A, Anderlová K, Pařízek A, Mráz M, Kršek M, Haluzík M. The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:R63-R77. [PMID: 29743342 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy in patients with no history of diabetes prior to gestation. It is the most common complication of pregnancy. The underlying pathophysiology shares some common features with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combining relatively insufficient insulin secretion with increased peripheral insulin resistance. While a certain degree of insulin resistance is the physiological characteristics of the second half of pregnancy, it is significantly more pronounced in patients with gestational diabetes. Adipose tissue dysfunction and subclinical inflammation in obesity are well-described causes of increased insulin resistance in non-pregnant subjects and are often observed in individuals with T2DM. Emerging evidence of altered adipokine expression and local inflammation in adipose tissue in patients with gestational diabetes suggests an important involvement of adipose tissue in its etiopathogenesis. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of adipose tissue dysfunction and its role in the development of gestational diabetes. We specifically focus on the significance of alterations of adipokines and immunocompetent cells number and phenotype in fat. Detailed understanding of the role of adipose tissue in gestational diabetes may provide new insights into its pathophysiology and open new possibilities of its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Šimják
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Cinkajzlová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Anderlová
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- 3rd Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Pařízek
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kršek
- 3rd Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- 2nd Internal Department, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tsiotra PC, Halvatsiotis P, Patsouras K, Maratou E, Salamalekis G, Raptis SA, Dimitriadis G, Boutati E. Circulating adipokines and mRNA expression in adipose tissue and the placenta in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Peptides 2018; 101:157-166. [PMID: 29337272 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal adipose tissue and the placenta secrete various molecules commonly called adipokines such as chemerin, omentin-1, visfatin, adiponectin, and leptin that are important players in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as a state of glucose intolerance characterized by β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. To examine whether circulating adipokines and their mRNA expression in the adipose tissue and the placenta are altered in GDM pregnancy, we compared 15 GDM women [obese (BMI > 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30)] to 23 NGT (normal glucose tolerance) women [obese and non-obese], at the time of the Cesarean section. Circulating chemerin and leptin were higher (p = 0.009 and p = 0.005, respectively) and circulating omentin-1, visfatin, as well as the adiponectin/leptin ratio were lower (p = 0.039, p = 0.007 and p = 0.011, respectively) in GDM-obese compared to NGT-non-obese women. Chemerin and leptin correlated positively with BMI and HOMA-IR and omentin-1 correlated negatively with BMI. Serum TNF-α was significantly elevated in all obese compared to non-obese pregnant women and correlated positively with BMI. Adiponectin levels were reduced -although not significantly- in GDM- and NGT-obese women compared to their non-obese counterparts. Resistin, RPB4 and IL-6 levels did not differ significantly between groups. Chemerin mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was significantly higher compared to placenta in all women (6-to 24-times, p < 0.05). Chemerin-VAT mRNA expression in GDM-obese tended to be significantly higher compared to NGT-non-obese women (3-times, p = 0.005). Omentin-1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in VAT compared to SAT (50- to 100-times, p < 0.01) and its expression in placenta was negligible in all women. Although, leptin was expressed significantly higher in SAT compared to VAT and the placenta in all women (5- to 46-times, p < 0.05), only its mRNA expression in VAT of obese (GDM and NGT) differed significantly when compared to NGT-non-obese women (3-times higher, p < 0.02). Visfatin mRNA expression was comparable in all tissues. In conclusion, chemerin and leptin are elevated and omentin-1 and visfatin levels are decreased in GDM women complicated by obesity. This finding together with the positive association of chemerin and leptin with markers of insulin resistance, suggests that these adipokines and more especially chemerin and leptin accompanied by their adipose tissue expression could contribute to the increased insulin resistance and low grade inflammation that characterizes GDM-obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayoula C Tsiotra
- Hellenic National Center for the Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications (H.N.D.C), Ploutarchou 3, 10675 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Patsouras
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Maratou
- Hellenic National Center for the Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications (H.N.D.C), Ploutarchou 3, 10675 Athens, Greece
| | - George Salamalekis
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios A Raptis
- Hellenic National Center for the Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications (H.N.D.C), Ploutarchou 3, 10675 Athens, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Boutati
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece
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VEJRAZKOVA D, VANKOVA M, LUKASOVA P, VCELAK J, CIRMANOVA V, HALUZIK M, BENDLOVA B. Specific Metabolic Characteristics of Women With Former Gestational Diabetes: the Importance of Adipose Tissue. Physiol Res 2017; 66:S349-S356. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with a positive history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) face a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome later in life. The higher risk of these metabolic complications is closely associated with adipose tissue. In this review, the importance of adipose tissue is discussed in relation to GDM, focusing on both the quantity of fat deposits and the metabolic activity of adipose tissue in particular periods of life: neonatal age, childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy followed by nursing. Preventive measures based on body composition and lifestyle habits with special attention to the beneficial effects of breastfeeding are also discussed.
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Soori R, Rezaeian N, Khosravi N, Ahmadizad S, Taleghani H, Jourkesh M, Stannard S. Effects of water-based endurance training, resistance training, and combined water and resistance training programs on visfatin and ICAM-1 levels in sedentary obese women. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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El Shemi MS, Mohamed MH, AbdelRahman AO, Abdel Al H, Ramadan NM. Effect of intrauterine growth pattern on serum visfatin concentrations in full-term infants at birth and at 6 months of life. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2017; 9:73-82. [PMID: 27002258 DOI: 10.3233/npm-16915029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visfatin is a hormone discovered in fat cells and is directly related to diabetes. We aimed to investigate the relationship between intrauterine growth pattern and serum visfatin concentrations in full-term infants at birth and at 6 months of life. METHODS Cord blood visfatin concentrations were assessed in 90 full-term neonates enrolled into; Group I: 30 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates to healthy mothers, Group II: 30 intra-uterine growth restricted (IUGR) neonates, 19 were born to mothers with pre-eclampsia, Group III: 30 large for gestational age (LGA) neonates, 16 were infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). Neonates were followed up at six months of age for visfatin concentrations. RESULTS Cord blood visfatin concentrations were increased in IUGR compared to AGA group (p = 0.002). Cord blood visfatin concentrations were increased in LGA compared to AGA and IUGR groups (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Cord blood visfatin concentrations were positively correlated to birth weight in AGA, LGA groups (r = 0.39, p = 0.045, r = 0.449, p = 0.013 respectively). Visfatin concentrations in neonates born to mothers with pre-eclampsia and IDMs were higher than in those born to mothers without pre-eclampsia and to non-diabetic mothers (p = 0.040, p = 0.002 respectively). At six months, serum visfatin concentrations decreased compared to cord blood visfatin concentrations in IUGR and LGA groups (p < 0.001). Levels in LGA were still higher than IUGR (p = 0.004). Serum visfatin concentrations were positively correlated to cord visfatin in IUGR neonates (r = 0.497, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Cord blood visfatin concentrations were increased in LGA and IUGR neonates. At six months, serum visfatin concentrations decreased compared to cord blood visfatin concentrations in LGA and IUGR groups, still higher in the former than the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S El Shemi
- Departments of Pediatric and Neonatology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M H Mohamed
- Departments of Pediatric and Neonatology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A O AbdelRahman
- Department of Pediatric, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H Abdel Al
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N M Ramadan
- Department of Pediatric, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Universal oral glucose tolerance-based screening is employed to identify pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as treatment of this condition decreases the risk of associated complications. A simple and accurate blood test which identifies women at low or high risk for GDM in the first trimester would have the potential to decrease costs and improve outcomes through prevention or treatment. This review summarizes published data on early pregnancy biomarkers which have been tested as predictors of GDM. RECENT FINDINGS A large number of first-trimester biochemical predictors of GDM have been reported, mostly in small case-control studies. These include glycemic markers (fasting glucose, post-load glucose, hemoglobin A1C), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), insulin resistance markers (fasting insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin), adipocyte-derived markers (adiponectin, leptin), placenta-derived markers (follistatin-like-3, placental growth factor, placental exosomes), and others (e.g., glycosylated fibronectin, soluble (pro)renin receptor, alanine aminotransferase, ferritin). A few large studies suggest that first-trimester fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1C may be useful for identifying women who would benefit from early GDM treatment. To translate the findings from observational studies of first-trimester biomarkers for GDM to clinical practice, trials or cost-effectiveness analyses of screening and treatment strategies based on these novel biomarkers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E Powe
- Diabetes Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 340, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Mazaki-Tovi S, Tarca AL, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP, Than NG, Chaiworapongsa T, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Romero R. Characterization of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptome in pregnant women with and without spontaneous labor at term: implication of alternative splicing in the metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue to parturition. J Perinat Med 2016; 44:813-835. [PMID: 26994472 PMCID: PMC5987212 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2015-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine gene expression and splicing changes associated with parturition and regions (visceral vs. subcutaneous) of the adipose tissue of pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN The transcriptome of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from pregnant women at term with (n=15) and without (n=25) spontaneous labor was profiled with the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Overall gene expression changes and the differential exon usage rate were compared between patient groups (unpaired analyses) and adipose tissue regions (paired analyses). Selected genes were tested by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-two genes were differentially expressed between visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women with spontaneous labor at term (q-value <0.1; fold change >1.5). Biological processes enriched in this comparison included tissue and vasculature development as well as inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Differential splicing was found for 42 genes [q-value <0.1; differences in Finding Isoforms using Robust Multichip Analysis scores >2] between adipose tissue regions of women not in labor. Differential exon usage associated with parturition was found for three genes (LIMS1, HSPA5, and GSTK1) in subcutaneous tissues. CONCLUSION We show for the first time evidence of implication of mRNA splicing and processing machinery in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of women in labor compared to those without labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF). Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk: Variations in Visfatin Gene Can Modify the Obesity Associated Cardiovascular Risk. Results from the Segovia Population Based-Study. Spain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153976. [PMID: 27166797 PMCID: PMC4864316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our aim was to investigate if genetic variations in the visfatin gene (SNPs rs7789066/ rs11977021/rs4730153) could modify the cardiovascular-risk (CV-risk) despite the metabolic phenotype (obesity and glucose tolerance). In addition, we investigated the relationship between insulin sensitivity and variations in visfatin gene. Material and Methods A population-based study in rural and urban areas of the Province of Segovia, Spain, was carried out in the period of 2001–2003 years. A total of 587 individuals were included, 25.4% subjects were defined as obese (BMI ≥30 Kg/m2). Results Plasma visfatin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects with DM2 than in other categories of glucose tolerance. The genotype AA of the rs4730153 SNP was significantly associated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance) after adjustment for gender, age, BMI and waist circumference. The obese individuals carrying the CC genotype of the rs11977021 SNP showed higher circulating levels of fasting proinsulin after adjustment for the same variables. The genotype AA of the rs4730153 SNP seems to be protective from CV-risk either estimated by Framingham or SCORE charts in general population; and in obese and non-obese individuals. No associations with CV-risk were observed for other studied SNPs (rs11977021/rs7789066). Conclusions In summary, this is the first study which concludes that the genotype AA of the rs4730153 SNP appear to protect against CV-risk in obese and non–obese individuals, estimated by Framingham and SCORE charts. Our results confirm that the different polymorphisms in the visfatin gene might be influencing the glucose homeostasis in obese individuals.
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Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Tarca AL, Kusanovic JP, Than NG, Chaiworapongsa T, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Romero R. Characterization of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Transcriptome and Biological Pathways in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women: Evidence for Pregnancy-Related Regional-Specific Differences in Adipose Tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143779. [PMID: 26636677 PMCID: PMC4670118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the transcriptome of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Study Design The transcriptome of paired visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissues from pregnant women at term and matched non-pregnant women (n = 11) was profiled with the Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Differential expression of selected genes was validated with the use of quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results Six hundred forty-four transcripts from 633 known genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.1; fold-change >1.5), while 42 exons from 36 genes showed differential usage (difference in FIRMA scores >2 and FDR<0.1) between the visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women. Fifty-six known genes were differentially expressed between pregnant and non-pregnant subcutaneous fat and three genes in the visceral fat. Enriched biological processes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant women were mostly related to inflammation. Conclusion The transcriptome of visceral and subcutaneous fat depots reveals pregnancy-related gene expression and splicing differences in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, for the first time, alternative splicing in adipose tissue has been associated with regional differences and human parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (SMT); (RR)
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMT); (RR)
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Huo Y, Liu SX, Song GY, Ren LP, Wang C, Zhang DH. Plasma levels and placental expression of vaspin in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:273-9. [PMID: 25608237 PMCID: PMC4381949 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate visceral adipose tissue-specific serpin
(vaspin) concentrations in serum and term placentas and relate these values to
insulin resistance and lipid parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
(GDM). A total of 30 GDM subjects and 27 age-matched pregnant women with normal
glucose tolerance (NGT, control) were included. Serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1c), lipid profile, insulin, and vaspin were measured at the end of pregnancy,
and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were
calculated. Vaspin mRNA and protein levels in placentas were measured by real-time
fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)
and Western blotting, respectively. Serum vaspin levels were significantly lower in
the GDM group than in controls (0.49±0.24 vs 0.83±0.27 ng/mL,
respectively; P<0.01). Three days after delivery, serum vaspin levels were
significantly decreased in subjects with GDM (0.36±0.13 vs 0.49±0.24
ng/mL, P<0.01). However, in the GDM group, serum vaspin levels were not correlated
with the parameters evaluated. In contrast, in the control group, serum vaspin levels
were positively correlated with triglycerides (TG; r=0.45, P=0.02) and very
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C; r=0.42, P=0.03). Placental mRNA vaspin
(0.60±0.32 vs 0.68±0.32, P=0.46) and protein (0.30±0.08
vs 0.39±0.26; P=0.33) levels in the GDM group did not differ
significantly from those in the control group, but were negatively correlated with
neonatal birth weight in the GDM group (r=-0.48, P=0.03; r=-0.88; P<0.01). Our
findings indicated that vaspin may be an important adipokine involved in carbohydrate
and lipid metabolism and may also play a role in fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huo
- Internal Medicine Teaching and Research Room, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S X Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, China
| | - G Y Song
- Internal Medicine Teaching and Research Room, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - L P Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, China
| | - D H Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, China
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Ozias MK, Li S, Hull HR, Brooks WM, Carlson SE. Relationship of circulating adipokines to body composition in pregnant women. Adipocyte 2015; 4:44-9. [PMID: 26167401 DOI: 10.4161/adip.29805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating adipokines are associated with physiological and pathophysiological processes in both obesity and pregnancy. Obesity in pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications and the majority of research uses body mass index (BMI) to assess fatness. Specific fat compartments are associated with obesity-induced health risks yet it is not known how abdominal fat mass in pregnancy is related to circulating adipokines. Plasma leptin, resistin, visfatin, and adiponectin were measured by immunoassay in healthy pregnant women of normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9; n = 17) and overweight/obese pregnant women (BMI 25.0-40, n = 21) in the third trimester. Total body and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat mass were measured at 1-3 weeks postpartum. Overweight/obese women had greater total body fat (t = -6.210, P < 0.001) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (t = -5.072, P < 0.001) than normal-weight women while there was no difference in abdominal visceral fat. Overweight/obese women had higher leptin (66.3 ± 34.2 vs. 35.7 ± 19.3 ng/mL, P < 0.001) compared to normal-weight women. Leptin was associated with total body fat (r = 0.782, P < 0.001) and resistin was associated with abdominal visceral fat (r = 0.452, P = 0.045). No significant correlations were observed between adiponectin or visfatin and any measure of body composition. In pregnant women, resistin has the potential to be a circulating biomarker for visceral fat, an ectopic fat compartment. These observational data may provide insight for the pathophysiological roles of adipokines and the impact of visceral fat in pregnant women.
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Abstract
Gestational diabetes is characterised by glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The disease shows facets of the metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia. Adipokines are a group of proteins secreted from adipocytes, which are dysregulated in obesity and contribute to metabolic and vascular complications. Recent studies have assessed the role of various adipokines including leptin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), resistin, NAMPT, SERPINA12, chemerin, progranulin, FGF-21, TIMP1, LCN2, AZGP1, apelin (APLN), and omentin in gestational diabetes. This Review provides an overview of these key adipokines, their regulation in, and potential contribution to gestational diabetes. Based on the evidence so far, the adipokines adiponectin, leptin, TNFα, and AFABP seem to be the most probable candidates involved in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fasshauer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Karatas A, Tunçay Işikkent N, Ozlü T, Demirin H. Relationship of maternal serum resistin and visfatin levels with gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:355-8. [PMID: 24512558 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.887670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adiponectin, resistin and visfatin are thought to play role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes (GDM). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of maternal second trimester serum resistin and visfatin levels with GDM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Screening and diagnosis for GDM was performed between the 24-28th gestational weeks. About 40 women diagnosed with GDM and 40 non-diabetic women constituted the study and control groups, respectively. Groups were compared for second trimester maternal serum resistin, visfatin and HbA1c levels, HOMA-IR and postpartum 75 g OGTT results. RESULTS Mean serum resistin (p = 0.071) and visfatin (p = 0.194) levels were similar between the groups. However, mean BMI (p = 0.013), HOMA-IR (p = 0.019), HbA1c (p < 0.0001) and birth weight (p = 0.037) were significantly higher in GDM group compared to controls. Type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance were detected in 2 (5%) and 7 (20%) women in the GDM group, respectively, with 75 g OGTT performed at the postpartum 6th week. Resistin levels of patients with GDM and postpartum glucose intolerance were higher than those with GDM but no postpartum glucose intolerance (p = 0.012). Visfatin levels in the GDM group showed a positive correlation with biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Maternal serum resistin and visfatin levels are unchanged in GDM. In patients with GDM, second trimester resistin levels may be predictive for postpartum glucose intolerance and second trimester visfatin levels may be related with fetal biometric measurements. Further larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Karatas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
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Noureldeen AFH, Qusti SY, Al-Seeni MN, Bagais MH. Maternal leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and gestational diabetes. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 29:462-70. [PMID: 25298627 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication associated with pregnancy. The present study evaluates the changes in maternal adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-α) in pregnancy complicated with GDM compared to normal pregnancy at 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The study included total number of 142 pregnant women classified into 4 groups: normal pregnancy (n = 33) and pregnancy with GDM (n = 24) both at 2nd trimester and normal pregnancy (n = 38) and GDM (n = 47) at 3rd trimester. Both GDM groups were significantly presented with elevated body mass index, fasting blood sugar and abnormal oral glucose tolerance test compared to their matched control. Results indicated reduction in maternal serum leptin and adiponectin in GDM compared to normal pregnancy at 3rd trimester. Elevated resistin and TNF-α were evident among pregnancy complicated with GDM at both tested trimesters. On the other hand, significant elevation in maternal visfatin was noted between GDM and matched control at 2nd trimester only. Significant increase in maternal leptin and visfatin and resistin was noted by advances in gestational period in healthy pregnancy. On the other hand, reduced adiponectin and elevated visfatin mean values were noticed in GDM at 3rd compared to 2nd trimester. It could be concluded that increased insulin resistance accompanies GDM is associated with suppressed leptin and adiponectin and increased resistin and TNF-α which might suggest their involvement in the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani F H Noureldeen
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa Y Qusti
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madeha N Al-Seeni
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram H Bagais
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Golbidi S, Laher I. Potential mechanisms of exercise in gestational diabetes. J Nutr Metab 2013; 2013:285948. [PMID: 23691290 PMCID: PMC3649306 DOI: 10.1155/2013/285948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy. This condition shares same array of underlying abnormalities as occurs in diabetes outside of pregnancy, for example, genetic and environmental causes. However, the role of a sedentary lifestyle and/or excess energy intake is more prominent in GDM. Physically active women are less likely to develop GDM and other pregnancy-related diseases. Weight gain in pregnancy causes increased release of adipokines from adipose tissue; many adipokines increase oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Increased intramyocellular lipids also increase cellular oxidative stress with subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species. A well-planned program of exercise is an important component of a healthy lifestyle and, in spite of old myths, is also recommended during pregnancy. This paper briefly reviews the role of adipokines in gestational diabetes and attempts to shed some light on the mechanisms by which exercise can be beneficial as an adjuvant therapy in GDM. In this regard, we discuss the mechanisms by which exercise increases insulin sensitivity, changes adipokine profile levels, and boosts antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Golbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Vrachnis N, Belitsos P, Sifakis S, Dafopoulos K, Siristatidis C, Pappa KI, Iliodromiti Z. Role of adipokines and other inflammatory mediators in gestational diabetes mellitus and previous gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:549748. [PMID: 22550485 PMCID: PMC3328961 DOI: 10.1155/2012/549748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (pGDM) is a common condition and has been associated with future development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in women affected. The pathogenesis and risk factors implicated in the development of these conditions later in the lives of women with pGDM are not as yet fully understood. Research has recently focused on a group of substances produced mainly by adipose tissue called adipokines, this group including, among others, adiponectin, leptin, Retinol-Binding Protein-4 (RBP-4), and resistin. These substances as well as other inflammatory mediators (CRP, IL-6, PAI-1, TNF-α) seem to play an important role in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity dysregulation in women with pGDM. We summarize the data available on the role of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Vrachnis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
- *Nikolaos Vrachnis:
| | - Panagiotis Belitsos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, General Hospital of Chalkida, Evia, Chalkida 34100, Greece
| | - Stavros Sifakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklio, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dafopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Kalliopi I. Pappa
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoe Iliodromiti
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Rezvan N, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Masoudkabir F, Moini A, Janani L, Mazaherioun M. Serum visfatin concentrations in gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 285:1257-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-2156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ferreira AFA, Rezende JC, Vaikousi E, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Maternal serum visfatin at 11-13 weeks of gestation in gestational diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem 2011; 57:609-13. [PMID: 21325104 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.159806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visfatin and adiponectin are produced by adipose tissue and have opposite effects on insulin resistance. Circulating concentrations of these biomarkers are altered in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We sought to examine the potential value of maternal serum visfatin and adiponectin concentrations in early pregnancy as potential biomarkers in the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This work was a case-control study of 100 women who developed GDM and 300 nondiabetic controls. Maternal serum visfatin and adiponectin were measured between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation. Regression analysis in the nondiabetic group was performed to examine the maternal characteristics affecting the serum concentrations of visfatin and adiponectin. Likelihood ratios for GDM were calculated for visfatin and adiponectin, and performance of screening was assessed by using ROC curve analysis. RESULTS In the GDM group compared with the nondiabetic group, the median maternal serum visfatin concentration was increased (1.34 multiples of the median [MoM], interquartile range [IQR] 0.70-2.87, vs 1.00 MoM, IQR: 0.53-1.92; P = 0.004) and serum adiponectin was decreased (0.66 MoM, IQR 0.50-0.92, vs 1.01, IQR 0.70-1.29; P < 0.0001). In screening for GDM by a combination of maternal factors and serum adiponectin and visfatin, the estimated detection rate was 68.0% (95% CI 58.3-76.3%), at a false-positive rate of 10%. CONCLUSIONS At 11-13 weeks in pregnancies that develop GDM, the serum concentration of adiponectin is decreased and visfatin is increased, and these biomarkers can be combined with maternal factors to provide effective early screening for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fatima A Ferreira
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Garten A, Petzold S, Schuster S, Körner A, Kratzsch J, Kiess W. Nampt and its potential role in inflammation and type 2 diabetes. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011:147-164. [PMID: 21484571 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-17214-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt Nampt ) is a key nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) NAD biosynthetic enzyme in mammals, converting nicotinamide nicotinamide into nicotinamide mononucleotide nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN NMN ), an NAD intermediate. First identified in humans as a cytokine cytokine pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF PBEF ) and subsequently described as an insulin-mimetic hormone visfatin visfatin , Nampt has recently excited the scientific interest of researchers from diverse fields, including NAD biology, metabolic regulation, and inflammation. As an NAD biosynthetic enzyme, Nampt regulates the activity of NAD-consuming enzymes such as sirtuins sirtuins and influences a variety of metabolic and stress responses. Nampt plays an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Nampt also functions as an immunomodulatory cytokine cytokine and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. This chapter summarizes the various functional aspects of Nampt and discusses its potential roles in diseases, with special focus on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Garten
- University of Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Ma Y, Cheng Y, Wang J, Cheng H, Zhou S, Li X. The changes of visfatin in serum and its expression in fat and placental tissue in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 90:60-5. [PMID: 20621376 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the main source of circulating visfatin and its potential roles in pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS We examined serum concentrations of visfatin with ELISA and its expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue and placenta with RT-PCR and western blot both in women with GDM and normal pregnant controls at term. Moreover, BeWo cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and then the intra- and extra-cellular changes of visfatin expression were measured. RESULTS Serum visfatin concentrations were significantly higher in women with GDM than controls, which reduced obviously three days after delivery compared with antepartum. Visfatin expressions in placenta were significantly higher in GDM women than controls but there was no difference in its expressions in adipose tissue between the two groups. Moreover, serum visfatin concentrations correlated positively with its expressions in placenta, rather than adipose tissue. We demonstrated that visfatin secretion from BeWo cells was significantly increased but the intracellular expression was decreased at 48h incubation with TNF-alpha in a dose-depended way. CONCLUSIONS The oversecretion of visfatin from placenta, probably induced by the elevated TNF-alpha level, contributes to the increased serum visfatin concentrations in women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ma
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Denison FC, Roberts KA, Barr SM, Norman JE. Obesity, pregnancy, inflammation, and vascular function. Reproduction 2010; 140:373-85. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for both mother and offspring. The mechanisms underlying the increased risk associated with maternal obesity are not well understood. In non-pregnant populations, many of the complications of obesity are thought to be mediated in part by inflammation and its sequelae. Recent studies suggest that a heightened inflammatory response may also be involved in mediating adverse clinical outcomes during pregnancy. This review summarizes our current knowledge about adipose tissue biology, and its role as an endocrine and inflammatory organ. The evidence for inflammation as a key mediator of adverse pregnancy outcome is also presented, focusing on the role of inflammation in adipose tissue, systemic inflammation, the placenta, and vascular endothelium.
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Adipocinas y síndrome metabólico: múltiples facetas de un proceso fisiopatológico complejo. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-5633(10)70236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Telejko B, Kuzmicki M, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Szamatowicz J, Nikolajuk A, Zonenberg A, Zwierz-Gugala D, Jelski W, Laudański P, Wilczynski J, Kretowski A, Gorska M. Plasma apelin levels and apelin/APJ mRNA expression in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 87:176-83. [PMID: 19926159 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND METHODS Apelin is a novel adipokine identified as an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. In this study we compared plasma apelin concentrations in 101 patients with gestational diabetes (GDM) and 101 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation (Group 1), as well as in 20 women with GDM and 16 subjects with NGT at term (Group 2). Apelin and APJ mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and placental tissue were also measured in Group 2, using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS There were no significant differences in plasma apelin levels between the women with GDM and NGT (Group 1: 1555.6 [1281.2-1804.2]pg/ml vs 1656.5 [1430.2-1852.1]pg/ml, Group 2: 1607.9 [1453.4-1768.7]pg/ml vs 1493.8 [1316.8-1956.7]pg/ml) nor in apelin and APJ mRNA expression in SAT, VAT and placental tissue. Apelin mRNA expression was approximately 10 fold higher in placental than in adipose tissue (p<0.0001). Apelin and APJ mRNA expression correlated significantly in SAT (R=0.45, p=0.03), VAT (R=0.69, p=0.003) and placental tissue (R=0.37, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS No associations between circulating apelin or apelin/APJ mRNA expression and GDM or the indices of insulin resistance were noted in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Telejko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
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Coskun A, Ozkaya M, Kiran G, Kilinc M, Arikan DC. Plasma visfatin levels in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 23:1014-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14767050903551426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Briana DD, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Reviews: adipocytokines in normal and complicated pregnancies. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:921-37. [PMID: 19474287 DOI: 10.1177/1933719109336614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human pregnancy is characterized by insulin resistance, traditionally attributed to the effects of placental hormones. Normal pregnancy-induced insulin resistance is further enhanced in pregnancy complications, associated with disturbed placental function, such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Compelling evidence suggests that these pregnancy disorders are associated with future development of maternal metabolic syndrome. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the association between abnormal placental development, insulin resistance, and maternal metabolic syndrome are not fully understood. A large body of evidence has recently supported the role of adipose tissue in the regulation of insulin resistance in both nonpregnant and pregnant participants. In this respect, adipocytokines, which are adipocyte-derived hormones, have been implicated in the regulation of maternal metabolism and gestational insulin resistance. Adipocytokines, including leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, as well as the newly discovered resistin, visfatin, and apelin, are also known to be produced within the intrauterine environment. However, data concerning the pattern of adipocytokines secretion in normal and complicated pregnancies are still limited and partially contradictory. Given the importance of adipose tissue and its hormones in terms of adequate metabolic control and energy homeostasis, we present a review of published data related to the role of adipocytokines in pregnancy, especially in relation to pregnancy complications. Focus will be placed on the functions and other potential roles of the novel adipocytokines resistin, visfatin, and apelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina D Briana
- Neonatal Division, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
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