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Lawler T, Walts ZL, Giurini L, Steinwandel M, Lipworth L, Murff HJ, Zheng W, Warren Andersen S. Metformin's role in lowering colorectal cancer risk among individuals with diabetes from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 90:102566. [PMID: 38518387 PMCID: PMC11108092 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, utilized to manage hyperglycemia, has been linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among individuals with diabetes. However, evidence is lacking for non-Hispanic Black individuals and those with lower socioeconomic status (SES), who face elevated risk for both diabetes and CRC. In this study, we investigated the association between metformin use and incident CRC risk within the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), a racially- and SES-diverse prospective cohort. METHODS Participants reported their diabetes diagnosis and medications, including metformin, upon enrollment (2002-2009) and during follow-up surveys approximately every five years. Incident cases of CRC were identified through state cancer registries and the National Death Index. Proportional hazards models were employed to explore the relationship between metformin use and CRC risk, adjusted for cancer risk factors. RESULTS A total of 25,992 participants with diabetes were included in the analysis, among whom 10,095 were taking metformin. Of these participants, 76% identified as non-Hispanic Black, and 60% reported household incomes <$15,000/year. Metformin use was associated with a significantly lower CRC risk (HR [95% CI]: 0.71 [0.55-0.93]), with consistent results for both colon (0.80 [0.59-1.07]) and rectal cancers (0.49 [0.28-0.86]). The protective association appeared to be stronger among non-Hispanic White individuals (0.51 [0.31-0.85]) compared to non-Hispanic Black participants (0.80 [0.59-1.08], p-interaction =.13). Additionally, a protective association was observed among obese individuals (BMI ≥30 kg/m2, 0.59 [0.43-0.82] but not among non-obese participants (0.99 [0.65-1.51], p-interaction =.05) CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of CRC in individuals with diabetes, including among those from predominantly low SES backgrounds. These results support previous epidemiological findings, and demonstrate that the protective association for metformin in relation to incident CRC likely generalizes to populations with higher underlying risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lawler
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Zoe L Walts
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, WARF Office Building, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Lauren Giurini
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, WARF Office Building, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Mark Steinwandel
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, 1455 Research Blvd.; Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Loren Lipworth
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, 8th floor, Suite 800, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA
| | - Harvey J Murff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 6012 Medical Center East, 1215 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, 1455 Research Blvd.; Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, WARF Office Building, Madison, WI 53726, USA; International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, 1455 Research Blvd.; Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Alberghina C, Torrisi F, D'Aprile S, Longhitano L, Giallongo S, Scandura G, Mannino G, Mele S, Sabini MG, Cammarata FP, Russo G, Abdelhameed AS, Zappalà A, Lo Furno D, Giuffrida R, Li Volti G, Tibullo D, Vicario N, Parenti R. Microglia and glioblastoma heterocellular interplay sustains tumour growth and proliferation as an off-target effect of radiotherapy. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13606. [PMID: 38454614 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a WHO grade IV glioma, is a malignant primary brain tumour for which combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the first-line approach despite adverse effects. Tumour microenvironment (TME) is characterized by an interplay of cells and soluble factors holding a critical role in neoplastic development. Significant pathophysiological changes have been found in GBM TME, such as glia activation and oxidative stress. Microglia play a crucial role in favouring GBM growth, representing target cells of immune escape mechanisms. Our study aims at analysing radiation-induced effects in modulating intercellular communication and identifying the basis of protective mechanisms in radiation-naïve GBM cells. Tumour cells were treated with conditioned media (CM) derived from 0, 2 or 15 Gy irradiated GBM cells or 0, 2 or 15 Gy irradiated human microglia. We demonstrated that irradiated microglia promote an increase of GBM cell lines proliferation through paracrine signalling. On the contrary, irradiated GBM-derived CM affect viability, triggering cell death mechanisms. In addition, we investigated whether these processes involve mitochondrial mass, fitness and oxidative phosphorylation and how GBM cells respond at these induced alterations. Our study suggests that off-target radiotherapy modulates microglia to support GBM proliferation and induce metabolic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Alberghina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona D'Aprile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Longhitano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Giallongo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Scandura
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Mele
- Medical Physics Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Sabini
- Medical Physics Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco P Cammarata
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Ali S Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Shah S, Mansour HM, Aguilar TM, Lucke-Wold B. Advances in Anti-Cancer Drug Development: Metformin as Anti-Angiogenic Supplemental Treatment for Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5694. [PMID: 38891882 PMCID: PMC11171521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO 2016 classification, glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary tumor in the adult central nervous system (CNS) and is categorized as grade IV. With an average lifespan of about 15 months from diagnosis, glioblastoma has a poor prognosis and presents a significant treatment challenge. Aberrant angiogenesis, which promotes tumor neovascularization and is a prospective target for molecular target treatment, is one of its unique and aggressive characteristics. Recently, the existence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) within the tumor, which are tolerant to chemotherapy and radiation, has been linked to the highly aggressive form of glioblastoma. Anti-angiogenic medications have not significantly improved overall survival (OS), despite various preclinical investigations and clinical trials demonstrating encouraging results. This suggests the need to discover new treatment options. Glioblastoma is one of the numerous cancers for which metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic medication belonging to the Biguanides family, is used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it has shown both in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral activity. Based on these findings, the medication has been repurposed, which has shown the inhibition of many oncopromoter mechanisms and, as a result, identified the molecular pathways involved. Metformin inhibits cancer cell growth by blocking the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 pathway, leading to selective cell death in GSCs and inhibiting the proliferation of CD133+ cells. It has minimal impact on differentiated glioblastoma cells and normal human stem cells. The systematic retrieval of information was performed on PubMed. A total of 106 articles were found in a search on metformin for glioblastoma. Out of these six articles were Meta-analyses, Randomized Controlled Trials, clinical trials, and Systematic Reviews. The rest were Literature review articles. These articles were from the years 2011 to 2024. Appropriate studies were isolated, and important information from each of them was understood and entered into a database from which the information was used in this article. The clinical trials on metformin use in the treatment of glioblastoma were searched on clinicaltrials.gov. In this article, we examine and evaluate metformin's possible anti-tumoral effects on glioblastoma, determining whether or not it may appropriately function as an anti-angiogenic substance and be safely added to the treatment and management of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (S.S.)
| | - Hadeel M. Mansour
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (S.S.)
| | - Tania M. Aguilar
- College of Medicine at Chicago, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (S.S.)
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Kawakita E, Kanasaki K. Cancer biology in diabetes update: Focusing on antidiabetic drugs. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:525-540. [PMID: 38456597 PMCID: PMC11060166 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The association of type 2 diabetes with certain cancer risk has been of great interest for years. However, the effect of diabetic medications on cancer development is not fully understood. Prospective clinical trials have not elucidated the long-term influence of hypoglycemic drugs on cancer incidence and the safety for cancer-bearing patients with diabetes, whereas numerous preclinical studies have shown that antidiabetic drugs could have an impact on carcinogenesis processes beyond the glycemic control effect. Because there is no evidence of the safety profile of antidiabetic agents on cancer biology, careful consideration would be required when prescribing any medicines to patients with diabetes and existing tumor. In this review, we discuss the potential influence of each diabetes therapy in cancer 'initiation', 'promotion' and 'progression'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kawakita
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of MedicineShimane UniversityIzumoJapan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of MedicineShimane UniversityIzumoJapan
- The Center for Integrated Kidney Research and Advance, Faculty of MedicineShimane UniversityIzumoJapan
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Mesquita LA, Spiazzi BF, Piccoli GF, Nogara DA, da Natividade GR, Garbin HI, Wayerbacher LF, Wiercinski VM, Baggio VA, Zingano CP, Schwartsmann G, Lopes G, Petrie JR, Colpani V, Gerchman F. Does metformin reduce the risk of cancer in obesity and diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1929-1940. [PMID: 38389430 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of metformin on cancer incidence in subjects with overweight/obesity and/or prediabetes/diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with overweight/obesity and/or prediabetes/diabetes that compared metformin to other interventions for ≥24 weeks. Independent reviewers selected and extracted data including population and intervention characteristics and new diagnoses of cancer. We used the RoB 2.0 risk-of-bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework to assess risk of bias and certainty of evidence. RESULTS From 14 895 records after removal of duplicates, 27 trials were included, providing a total of 10 717 subjects in the metformin group and 10 003 in the control group, with 170 and 208 new cases of cancer, respectively. Using a random-effects model, the relative risk was 1.07 (95% confidence interval 0.87-1.31), with similar results in subgroup analyses by study duration or effect of control intervention on weight. Risk of bias in most studies was low, and no evidence of publication bias was found. Trial sequential analysis provided evidence that the cumulative sample size was large enough to exclude a significant effect of metformin on cancer incidence. CONCLUSIONS Metformin did not reduce cancer incidence in RCTs involving subjects with overweight/obesity and/or prediabetes/diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Mesquita
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bernardo F Spiazzi
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovana F Piccoli
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Nogara
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriella R da Natividade
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrique I Garbin
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura F Wayerbacher
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Wiercinski
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Viviane A Baggio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina P Zingano
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Schwartsmann
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Lopes
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - John R Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Verônica Colpani
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Oh S, Mai XL, Kim J, de Guzman ACV, Lee JY, Park S. Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenases (1 and 2) in cancer and other diseases. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1066-1079. [PMID: 38689091 PMCID: PMC11148179 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle (GPS) is composed of two different enzymes: cytosolic NAD+-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) and mitochondrial FAD-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2). These two enzymes work together to act as an NADH shuttle for mitochondrial bioenergetics and function as an important bridge between glucose and lipid metabolism. Since these genes were discovered in the 1960s, their abnormal expression has been described in various metabolic diseases and tumors. Nevertheless, it took a long time until scientists could investigate the causal relationship of these enzymes in those pathophysiological conditions. To date, numerous studies have explored the involvement and mechanisms of GPD1 and GPD2 in cancer and other diseases, encompassing reports of controversial and non-conventional mechanisms. In this review, we summarize and update current knowledge regarding the functions and effects of GPS to provide an overview of how the enzymes influence disease conditions. The potential and challenges of developing therapeutic strategies targeting these enzymes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xuan Linh Mai
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Arvie Camille V de Guzman
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Abbasi R, Nejati V, Rezaie J. Exosomes biogenesis was increased in metformin-treated human ovary cancer cells; possibly to mediate resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:137. [PMID: 38627767 PMCID: PMC11022479 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes derived from tumor cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cancers. Metformin, the most usually used drug for type 2 diabetes, has been frequently investigated for anticancer effects. Here, we examined whether metformin affects exosomes signaling in human ovary cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Human ovary cancer cells, including A2780 and Skov3 cells, were treated with metformin for either 24-48 h. Cell viability and caspase-3 activity were determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and colorimetric assays respectively. Oil-Red-O staining and in vitro, scratch assays were used to examine cellular toxicity and wound healing rate. After treatment with metformin, exosomes were isolated from cells and quantified by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and their markers. Genes related to exosomes signaling were analyzed by real-time PCR or western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that metformin decreased the viability of both cells dose/time-dependently (P < 0.05). Metformin increased the activity of caspase-3 (P < 0.05) as well as the number of Oil-Red-O positive cells in both cell lines. In vitro scratch assay showed that the cell migration rate of metformin-treated cells was decreased (P < 0.05), whereas AChE activity of exosomes from metformin-treated cells was increased (P < 0.05). Concurrent with an increase in CD63 protein levels, expression of Alix, CD63, CD81, Lamp-2, and Rab27b up-regulated in treated cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Results indicated that metformin had a cytotoxic effect on ovary cancer cells and enhanced exosome biogenesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Xiong H, Zhai Y, Meng Y, Wu Z, Qiu A, Cai Y, Wang G, Yang L. Acidosis activates breast cancer ferroptosis through ZFAND5/SLC3A2 signaling axis and elicits M1 macrophage polarization. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216732. [PMID: 38360142 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Acidosis is involved in multiple pathways in tumor cells and immune cells among the tumor microenvironment (TME). Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic and iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by accumulation of lipid peroxidation involved in various cancers. The role of ferroptosis in the breast cancer (BC) acidic microenvironment remains unrevealed. Here, we reported that short-term acidosis induced ferroptosis of BC cells in the zinc finger AN1-type domain 5 (ZFAND5)/solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) dependent manner to suppress tumor growth using in silico and multiple biological methods. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that short-term acidosis increased total/lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, decreased glutathione (GSH) level and induced the morphological changes of mitochondria. Specifically, acidosis restrained the protein stability of SLC3A2 by promoting its ubiquitination process. The prognostic analysis showed that higher expression of ZFAND5 and lower expression of SLC3A2 were correlated with longer overall survival of BC patients, respectively. Furthermore, in combination with ferroptosis agonist metformin, short-term acidosis could synergistically inhibit viability and enhance the ferroptosis of BC cells. Meanwhile, by the exploration of immune cells, short-term acidosis also induced M1 macrophage polarization, triggering processes of phagocytosis and ferroptosis in BC cells. This study demonstrated that short-term acidosis induced BC cell ferroptosis through ZFAND5/SLC3A2 signaling axis and promoted phagocytosis and ferroptosis of BC cells with M1 macrophage polarization, which might be a new mechanism for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchu Xiong
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Zhai
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimei Meng
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuazhua Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anchen Qiu
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Geyi Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Galal MA, Al-Rimawi M, Hajeer A, Dahman H, Alouch S, Aljada A. Metformin: A Dual-Role Player in Cancer Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4083. [PMID: 38612893 PMCID: PMC11012626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, as evidenced by the increasing incidence rates and high mortality rates, despite the advancements made in chemotherapy. The emergence of chemoresistance further complicates the effectiveness of treatment. However, there is growing interest in the potential of metformin, a commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as an adjuvant chemotherapy agent in cancer treatment. Although the precise mechanism of action of metformin in cancer therapy is not fully understood, it has been found to have pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of metabolic pathways, reduction in inflammation, and the regulation of cellular proliferation. This comprehensive review examines the anticancer properties of metformin, drawing insights from various studies conducted in vitro and in vivo, as well as from clinical trials and observational research. This review discusses the mechanisms of action involving both insulin-dependent and independent pathways, shedding light on the potential of metformin as a therapeutic agent for different types of cancer. Despite promising findings, there are challenges that need to be addressed, such as conflicting outcomes in clinical trials, considerations regarding dosing, and the development of resistance. These challenges highlight the importance of further research to fully harness the therapeutic potential of metformin in cancer treatment. The aims of this review are to provide a contemporary understanding of the role of metformin in cancer therapy and identify areas for future exploration in the pursuit of effective anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Mohammed Al-Rimawi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Samhar Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
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10
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Wang R, Zhao Y. Effects of Metformin on JNK Signaling Pathway and PD-L1 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:259-268. [PMID: 38585433 PMCID: PMC10998504 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s454960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Metformin has been shown to have the potential to inhibit the proliferation of malignant cells. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of metformin on the expression of programmed death protein ligand 1(PD-L1) and mechanisms in TNBC. Methods Mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1 was co-cultured with metformin, and the effect of metformin on cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The effect of metformin on the expression of JNK, RSK2 and CREB was detected by MAPK pathway protein chip. BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells with knockdown/overexpression of C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and administered with metformin. The weight of tumor tissue was observed at the end of the experiment. The expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining and the level of INF-γwas quantitatively determined by ELISA. Results Metformin inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells and increased the phosphorylation of JNK to reduce the phosphorylation of RSK2 and CREB. Metformin and JNK knockdown reduced the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, but there was no significant difference in the weight of tumor tissue. Metformin can reduce the level of INF-γ in tumor tissues, but JNK has no effect. Conclusion Metformin can inhibit the expression of PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer mice and improve the tumor microenvironment, but does not reduce the size of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Lai HC, Cheng JC, Yip HT, Jeng LB, Huang ST. Chinese herbal medicine decreases incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetes mellitus patients with regular insulin management. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:716-731. [PMID: 38577471 PMCID: PMC10989382 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while insulin is a potent mitogen. Identifying a new therapeutic modality for preventing insulin users from developing HCC is a critical goal for researchers. AIM To investigate whether regular herbal medicine use can decrease HCC risk in DM patients with regular insulin control. METHODS We used data acquired from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance research database between 2000 and 2017. We identified patients with DM who were prescribed insulin for > 3 months. The herb user group was further defined as patients prescribed herbal medication for DM for > 3 months per annum during follow-up. We matched the herb users to nonusers at a 1:3 ratio according to age, sex, comorbidities and index year by propensity score matching. We analyzed HCC incidence, HCC survival rates, and the herbal prescriptions involved. RESULTS We initially enrolled 657144 DM patients with regular insulin use from 2000 to 2017. Among these, 46849 patients had used a herbal treatment for DM, and 140547 patients were included as the matched control group. The baseline variables were similar between the herb users and nonusers. DM patients with regular herb use had a 12% decreased risk of HCC compared with the control group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.80-0.97]. The cumulative incidence of HCC in the herb users was significantly lower than that of the nonusers. Patients with a herb use of > 5 years cumulatively exhibited a protective effect against development of HCC (aHR = 0.82, P < 0.05). Of patients who developed HCC, herb users exhibited a longer survival time than nonusers (aHR = 0.78, P = 0.0001). Additionally, we report the top 10 herbs and formulas in prescriptions and summarize the potential pharmacological effects of the constituents. Our analysis indicated that Astragalus propinquus (Huang Qi) plus Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Dan Shen), and Astragalus propinquus (Huang Qi) plus Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (Tian Hua Fen) were the most frequent combination of single herbs. Meanwhile, Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan plus Dan Shen was the most frequent combination of herbs and formulas. CONCLUSION This large-scale retrospective cohort study reveals that herbal medicine may decrease HCC risk by 12% in DM patients with regular insulin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chien Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Tung Yip
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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12
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Papadakos SP, Argyrou A, Lekakis V, Arvanitakis K, Kalisperati P, Stergiou IE, Konstantinidis I, Schizas D, Koufakis T, Germanidis G, Theocharis S. Metformin in Esophageal Carcinoma: Exploring Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2978. [PMID: 38474224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a formidable malignancy with limited treatment options and high mortality rates, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic avenues. Through a systematic analysis of a multitude of studies, we synthesize the diverse findings related to metformin's influence on EC. This review comprehensively elucidates the intricate metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms through which metformin may exert its anti-cancer effects. Key focus areas include its impact on insulin signaling, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and the mTOR pathway, which collectively contribute to its role in mitigating esophageal cancer progression. This review critically examines the body of clinical and preclinical evidence surrounding the potential role of metformin, a widely prescribed anti-diabetic medication, in EC management. Our examination extends to the modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis, revealing metformin's potential as a metabolic intervention in esophageal cancer pathogenesis. By consolidating epidemiological and clinical data, we assess the evidence that supports metformin's candidacy as an adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer. By summarizing clinical and preclinical findings, our review aims to enhance our understanding of metformin's role in EC management, potentially improving patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Argyrou
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Lekakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Kalisperati
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna E Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital "Hippokration", Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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13
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Ellibishy F, Tarek M, Abd-Elsalam MM, Elgayar N, El Bakly W. Metformin improves d-galactose induced premature ovarian insufficiency through PI3K-Akt-FOXO3a pathway. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:70-80. [PMID: 38387407 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metformin (MET), a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, restores ovarian function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. MET has been shown to increase the rate of success for in vitro fertilization when utilized in assisted reproductive technologies. This study was designed to examine the impact of MET on ovarian function and fertility in a mouse model of galactose-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). We further investigated the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female mice were divided into 4 groups: saline, d-galactose, d-galactose + MET, and MET. Body weight, ovarian index, and fertility were assessed. The hormonal profile was done. Advanced glycation end products (AGEPs), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) expression were measured. Ovarian follicle counting and morphology were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry of cleaved caspase-3 expression was performed. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that MET reversed irregularities in the estrus cycle, enhanced the ovarian index, and improved the abnormal levels of hormones and AGEs induced by d-galactose. Furthermore, the expression levels of PI3K, Akt, FOXO3a, and RAGE were upregulated with d-galactose. However, MET attenuated their expression levels. The primordial follicles ratio was improved, whereas atretic follicles and apoptotic-related cleaved caspase-3 expression were decreased in the d-galactose + MET group compared to the d-galactose group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that MET partially rescued ovarian dysfunction and apoptosis induced by d-galactose via a mechanism involving PI3K-Akt-FOXO3a pathway. Our finding proposed that MET may be a promising alternative treatment for POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ellibishy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Maha Tarek
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abd-Elsalam
- Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Elgayar
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wesam El Bakly
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Buczyńska A, Sidorkiewicz I, Krętowski AJ, Adamska A. Examining the clinical relevance of metformin as an antioxidant intervention. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1330797. [PMID: 38362157 PMCID: PMC10867198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1330797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In physiological concentrations, reactive oxygen species play a vital role in regulating cell signaling and gene expression. Nevertheless, oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases and can inflict damage on diverse cell types and tissues. Thus, understanding the factors that mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress is imperative for identifying new therapeutic targets. In light of the absence of direct treatment recommendations for reducing oxidative stress, there is a continuing need for fundamental research that utilizes innovative therapeutic approaches. Metformin, known for its multifaceted beneficial properties, is acknowledged for its ability to counteract the adverse effects of increased oxidative stress at both molecular and cellular levels. In this review, we delve into recent insights regarding metformin's antioxidant attributes, aiming to expand its clinical applicability. Our review proposes that metformin holds promise as a potential adjunctive therapy for various diseases, given its modulation of oxidative stress characteristics and regulation of diverse metabolic pathways. These pathways include lipid metabolism, hormone synthesis, and immunological responses, all of which may experience dysregulation in disease states, contributing to increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, our review introduces potential novel metformin-based interventions that may merit consideration in future research. Nevertheless, the necessity for clinical trials involving this drug remains imperative, as they are essential for establishing therapeutic dosages and addressing challenges associated with dose-dependent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Clinical Research Support Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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15
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Bosso M, Haddad D, Al Madhoun A, Al-Mulla F. Targeting the Metabolic Paradigms in Cancer and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:211. [PMID: 38255314 PMCID: PMC10813379 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolic dynamics are evident in both cancer and diabetes, with metabolic alterations representing a facet of the myriad changes observed in these conditions. This review delves into the commonalities in metabolism between cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing specifically on the contrasting roles of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis as primary energy-generating pathways within cells. Building on earlier research, we explore how a shift towards one pathway over the other serves as a foundational aspect in the development of cancer and T2D. Unlike previous reviews, we posit that this shift may occur in seemingly opposing yet complementary directions, akin to the Yin and Yang concept. These metabolic fluctuations reveal an intricate network of underlying defective signaling pathways, orchestrating the pathogenesis and progression of each disease. The Warburg phenomenon, characterized by the prevalence of aerobic glycolysis over minimal to no OXPHOS, emerges as the predominant metabolic phenotype in cancer. Conversely, in T2D, the prevailing metabolic paradigm has traditionally been perceived in terms of discrete irregularities rather than an OXPHOS-to-glycolysis shift. Throughout T2D pathogenesis, OXPHOS remains consistently heightened due to chronic hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia. In advanced insulin resistance and T2D, the metabolic landscape becomes more complex, featuring differential tissue-specific alterations that affect OXPHOS. Recent findings suggest that addressing the metabolic imbalance in both cancer and diabetes could offer an effective treatment strategy. Numerous pharmaceutical and nutritional modalities exhibiting therapeutic effects in both conditions ultimately modulate the OXPHOS-glycolysis axis. Noteworthy nutritional adjuncts, such as alpha-lipoic acid, flavonoids, and glutamine, demonstrate the ability to reprogram metabolism, exerting anti-tumor and anti-diabetic effects. Similarly, pharmacological agents like metformin exhibit therapeutic efficacy in both T2D and cancer. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic shifts and explores promising therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing the metabolic imbalance in both disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Bosso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
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16
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Chen R, Chen J, Chen M, Zhou S, Jiang P. Metformin suppresses proliferation and glycolysis of gastric cancer by modulating ADAMTS12. Genes Environ 2024; 46:1. [PMID: 38167385 PMCID: PMC10763268 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy with its morbidity increasing worldwide. Hence, it is imperative to develop effective treatments. Studies have shown that metformin has potential antitumor effects. The objective of this study was to probe the antitumor mechanism of metformin in GC. METHODS The expression of ADAMTS12 in GC tissues and its enrichment pathways were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. ADAMTS12 expression in GC cells was assessed by qRT-PCR. Cell viability and proliferation were analyzed by CCK-8 and colony formation assays, respectively. Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of GC cells in different treatment groups were analyzed by Seahorse XP 96, and glycolysis metabolites were detected by corresponding kits. Western blot was employed to analyze the level of glycolysis pathway related protein HK-2, and cell functional assays were conducted to verify the functions of metformin on GC cells. A xenograft model was constructed to validate the inhibitory role of metformin in GC. RESULTS ADAMTS12 expression was elevated in GC tissues/cells and concentrated in glycolysis pathway. Cell functional assays found that ADAMTS12 promoted the proliferation and glycolysis of GC cells. Rescue experiments showed that metformin could reduce the promoting effect of ADAMTS12 overexpression on the proliferation and glycolysis of GC cells. In vivo studies confirmed that metformin suppressed the proliferation and glycolysis process via ADAMTS12 in GC cells. CONCLUSION Metformin can repress the proliferation and glycolysis of GC cells via ADAMTS12. The results suggest the potential of ADAMTS12 being a target for the metformin therapy of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 317000, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 317000, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Miaoliang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 317000, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shenkang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 317000, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Pinlu Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 150# Ximen Street, 317000, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Li Z, Li J, Liu X, Liu Y, Chen H, Sun X. β-eudesmol inhibits cell proliferation and induces ferroptosis via regulating MAPK signaling pathway in breast cancer. Toxicon 2024; 237:107529. [PMID: 38030095 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the influences and underlying mechanisms of β-eudesmol on breast cancer (BC). Different concentrations of β-eudesmol (0, 10, 20, and 40 μM) were taken to treat BC cells. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the influences of β-eudesmol on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis. To assess the influences of β-eudesmol on cell ferroptosis, the change of ROS, SOD, MDA, and intracellular iron and Fe2+ were determined. The protein changes of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and MAPK pathway (Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, SLC7A11, GPX4, SLC40A1, Transferrin, MEK1, and ERK1/2) were checked utilizing Western blot. In a concentration-dependent manner, β-eudesmol restrained cell viability and proliferation. β-eudesmol promoted cell apoptosis, as evidenced by the decline level of Bcl-2 and the raised level of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. β-eudesmol enhanced the level of ROS, MDA, iron, Fe2+, and Transferrin, and lessened SOD activity and the protein expression of SLC7A11, GPX4, SLC40A1, MEK1, and ERK1/2. Moreover, ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 and MEK1 overexpression both reversed the changes on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis induced by β-eudesmol. β-eudesmol inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis and ferroptosis via regulating MAPK pathway in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- Geriatrics (Health Care) Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, PR China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hanhan Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, PR China.
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Shu Y, Li W, Hu Q, Xiong D. Bibliometrics and visual analysis of metformin and gut microbiota from 2012 to 2022: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36478. [PMID: 38115325 PMCID: PMC10727597 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is an old drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and can play a variety of roles by regulating the gut microbiota. The number of research articles on metformin in the gut microbiota has increased annually; however, no bibliometric tools have been used to analyze the research status and hot trends in this field. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of publications on metformin and gut microbiota. METHODS We searched the Web of Science core collection database on June 8, 2023, for papers related to metformin and gut microbiota from 2012 to 2022. We used Microsoft Excel 2021, VOSviewer1.6.19, CiteSpace 6.2.4, and R software package "bibliometrix" 4.0.0 to analyze the countries, institutions, authors, journals, citations, and keywords of the included publications. RESULTS We included 517 papers, and the trend in publications increased over the last 11 years. The 517 articles were from 57 countries, including 991 institutions and 3316 authors, and were published in 259 journals. China led all countries (233 papers) and the most influential institution was the Chinese Academy of Sciences (16 papers). PLOS ONE (19 papers) was the most popular journal, and Nature (1598 citations) was the most cited journal. Li and Kim were the 2 most published authors (six papers each), and Cani (272 co-citations) was the most co-cited author. "Metabolites," "aging," and "intestinal barrier" were emerging topics in this field. CONCLUSIONS This bibliometric study comprehensively summarizes the research trends and progress of metformin and gut microbiota, and provides new research topics and trends for studying the effects of metformin on gut microbiota in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiongying Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Daqian Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chen Y, Bai B, Ye S, Gao X, Zheng X, Ying K, Pan H, Xie B. Genetic effect of metformin use on risk of cancers: evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:252. [PMID: 38057926 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing number of studies reported the positive effect of metformin on the prevention and treatment of cancers. However, the genetic causal effect of metformin utilization on the risk of common cancers was not completely demonstrated. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (two-sample MR) analysis was conducted to uncover the genetically predicted causal association between metformin use and 26 kinds of cancers. Besides, two-step Mendelian Randomization (two-step MR) assessment was applied to clarify the mediators which mediated the causal effect of metformin on certain cancer. We utilized five robust analytical methods, in which the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method served as the major one. Sensitivity, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity were assessed. The genetic statistics of exposure, outcomes, and mediators were downloaded from publicly available datasets, including the Open Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), FinnGen consortium (FinnGen), and UK Biobank (UKB). RESULTS Among 26 kinds of common cancers, HER-positive breast cancer was presented with a significant causal relationship with metformin use [Beta: - 4.0982; OR: 0.0166 (95% CI: 0.0008, 0.3376); P value: 0.0077], which indicated metformin could prevent people from HER-positive breast cancer. Other cancers only showed modest associations with metformin use. Potential mediators were included in two-step MR, among which total testosterone levels (mediating effect: 24.52%) displayed significant mediating roles. Leave-one-out, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO analyses produced consistent outcomes. CONCLUSION Metformin use exhibited a genetically protective effect on HER-positive breast cancer, which was partially mediated by total testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjun Bai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuchang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinnan Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Ying
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Qi X, Ge Y, Yang A, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wu G. Potential value of mitochondrial regulatory pathways in the clinical application of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a machine learning-based study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17015-17026. [PMID: 37749329 PMCID: PMC10657316 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common cancer in urinary system with increasing incidence. At present, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are the main therapeutic programs in clinical therapy. To develop novel drugs and provide new ideas for clinical therapy, the identification of potential ccRCC subtypes and potential target genes or pathways has become a current research focus. AIM The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial function in ccRCC. This regulatory pathway is closely related to tumor development and metastasis in ccRCC patients, and their abnormal changes may affect the prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, we decided to construct a prognostic model of ccRCC patients based on mitochondrial regulatory genes, aiming to provide new methods and ideas for clinical therapy. RESULT The 5-year survival prediction model based on iterative LASSO reached 0.746, and the cox model based on coxph reached C-index = 0.77, integrated c/D AUC = 0.61, and integrated brier score = 0.14. The rsf model based on randomForestSRC was built with C-index = 0.82, integrated c/D AUC = 0.69, and integrated brier score = 0.11. The results show that mitochondrial regulatory pathway is a potential target pathway for clinical therapy of ccRCC, which can provide guidelines for clinical targeted therapy, immunotherapy and other first-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Qi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yangyang Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Ao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yuanxin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Qifei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
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21
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Ruiz-Mitjana A, Vidal-Sabanés M, Navaridas R, Perramon-Güell A, Yeramian A, Nicholson-Sabaté N, Egea J, Encinas M, Matias-Guiu X, Dolcet X. Metformin exhibits antineoplastic effects on Pten-deficient endometrial cancer by interfering with TGF-β and p38/ERK MAPK signalling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115817. [PMID: 37925934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widespread antidiabetic agent that is commonly used as a treatment against type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Regarding its therapeutic potential, multiple studies have concluded that Metformin exhibits antineoplastic activity on several types of cancer, including endometrial carcinoma. Although Metformin's antineoplastic activity is well documented, its cellular and molecular anticancer mechanisms are still a matter of controversy because a plethora of anticancer mechanisms have been proposed for different cancer cell types. In this study, we addressed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Metformin's antineoplastic activity by using both in vitro and in vivo studies of Pten-loss driven carcinoma mouse models. In vivo, Metformin reduced endometrial neoplasia initiated by Pten-deficiency. Our in vitro studies using Pten-deficient endometrial organoids focused on both cellular and molecular levels in Metformin's tumor suppressive action. At cellular level, we showed that Metformin is involved in not only the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells but also their regulation via a variety of mechanisms of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as TGF-β-induced apoptosis. At the molecular level, Metformin was shown to affect the TGF-β signalling., a widely known signal that plays a pivotal role in endometrial carcinogenesis. In this respect, Metformin restored TGF-β-induced apoptosis of Pten-deficient endometrial organoids through a p38-dependent mechanism and inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT on no-polarized endometrial epithelial cells by inhibiting ERK/MAPK signalling. These results provide new insights into the link between the cellular and molecular mechanism for Metformin's antineoplastic activity in Pten-deficient endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ruiz-Mitjana
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques and Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Vidal-Sabanés
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques and Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Raúl Navaridas
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques and Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Aida Perramon-Güell
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques and Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Andree Yeramian
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques and Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Nathan Nicholson-Sabaté
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques and Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joaquim Egea
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques and Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mario Encinas
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques and Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques and Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.
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22
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Cordova R, Viallon V, Fontvieille E, Peruchet-Noray L, Jansana A, Wagner KH, Kyrø C, Tjønneland A, Katzke V, Bajracharya R, Schulze MB, Masala G, Sieri S, Panico S, Ricceri F, Tumino R, Boer JM, Verschuren W, van der Schouw YT, Jakszyn P, Redondo-Sánchez D, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Guevara M, Borné Y, Sonestedt E, Tsilidis KK, Millett C, Heath AK, Aglago EK, Aune D, Gunter MJ, Ferrari P, Huybrechts I, Freisling H. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 35:100771. [PMID: 38115963 PMCID: PMC10730313 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background It is currently unknown whether ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption is associated with a higher incidence of multimorbidity. We examined the relationship of total and subgroup consumption of UPFs with the risk of multimorbidity defined as the co-occurrence of at least two chronic diseases in an individual among first cancer at any site, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Methods This was a prospective cohort study including 266,666 participants (60% women) free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes at recruitment from seven European countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Foods and drinks consumed over the previous 12 months were assessed at baseline by food-frequency questionnaires and classified according to their degree of processing using Nova classification. We used multistate modelling based on Cox regression to estimate cause-specific hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of total and subgroups of UPFs with the risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. Findings After a median of 11.2 years of follow-up, 4461 participants (39% women) developed multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. Higher UPF consumption (per 1 standard deviation increment, ∼260 g/day without alcoholic drinks) was associated with an increased risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.12). Among UPF subgroups, associations were most notable for animal-based products (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.12), and artificially and sugar-sweetened beverages (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.12). Other subgroups such as ultra-processed breads and cereals (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.00) or plant-based alternatives (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.02) were not associated with risk. Interpretation Our findings suggest that higher consumption of UPFs increases the risk of cancer and cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Funding Austrian Academy of Sciences, Fondation de France, Cancer Research UK, World Cancer Research Fund International, and the Institut National du Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynalda Cordova
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vivian Viallon
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Emma Fontvieille
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | | | - Anna Jansana
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Institute Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Institute Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rashmita Bajracharya
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Centre for Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE ONLUS Ragusa, Italy
| | - Jolanda M.A. Boer
- Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - W.M.Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T. van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Redondo-Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada 18011, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, Granada 18012, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
- Bio Gipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, Pamplona 31003, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Yan Borné
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, The Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, The Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Millett
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alicia K. Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elom K. Aglago
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
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23
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Kuai Z, Chao X, He Y, Ren W. Metformin attenuates inflammation and boosts autophagy in the liver and intestine of chronologically aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112331. [PMID: 37967593 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies found that autophagy levels in liver and intestinal segments of naturally aging rats were downregulated, and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors was increased. The increased expression of pro-inflammatory factors might be related to the downregulation of autophagy. AMPK is the most critical upstream targeting and regulating molecule of autophagy, and Metformin, as an agonist of AMPK, has the effects of anti-inflammation and anti-aging. We pretreated 29-month-old naturally aging rats with Metformin for a short period and observed the changes in autophagy levels and pro-inflammatory factors in the liver, ileum, and colon after 31 days of intervention and preliminarily investigated the mechanism of its action. METHODS 29-month-old SPF male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: The control group, the Metformin 100 mg/kg intervention group, and the Metformin 250 mg/kg intervention group, with eight rats in each group. At 29 months, different concentrations of Metformin (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg) were given by gavage once a day until 30 months, and the control group was kept generally until 30 months. Western Blot was used to assess the expression levels of AMPK, P-AMPK, LC3, and P62 proteins in the liver and intestinal tissues. Intestinal and liver tissues were immunofluorescence labeled for LC3 and P62 proteins. Moreover, RT-qPCR was conducted to detect the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP-9 mRNA in liver and intestinal tissues. RESULTS Short-term Metformin pretreatment (31 days) in naturally aging rats (29 months old) increased autophagy levels and down-regulated the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-9, and IL-6) in various intestinal segments and the liver-the expression of LC3II protein enriched with the increase of Metformin concentration. The level of P62 protein decreased with the accumulation of Metformin concentration. And a higher concentration of Metformin was associated with increased expression of P-AMPK protein. CONCLUSIONS Metformin intervention can boost the autophagy level in the liver and intestine and reduce the expression of aging-related inflammatory factors in aged rats, and these effects may be related to the increase of the AMPK phosphorylation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Kuai
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Chao
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiying Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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24
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Ouyang J, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li S, Wang J, Tan L, Zou L. Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals metformin suppresses thyroid cancer progression via inhibiting glycolysis and restraining DNA replication. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115659. [PMID: 37864896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-tumoral effects of metformin have been widely studied in several types of cancer, including thyroid cancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. As an oral hypoglycemic drug, metformin facilitates glucose catabolism and disrupts metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic reprogramming, particularly cellular glucose metabolism, is an important characteristic of malignant tumors. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of metformin in thyroid cancer and the underlying metabolic mechanism. In the present study, it was shown that metformin reduced cell viability, invasion, migration, and EMT, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle G1 phase arrest in thyroid cancer. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes induced by metformin were involved in several signaling pathways including apoptosis singling pathways, TGF-β signaling, and cell cycle regulation in human thyroid cancer cell lines. In addition, the helicase activity of the CDC45-MCM2-7-GINS complex and DNA replication related genes such as RPA2, RAD51, and PCNA were downregulated in metformin-treated thyroid cancer cells. Moreover, metabolomics analysis showed that metformin-induced significant alterations in metabolic pathways such as glutathione metabolism and polyamine synthesis. Integrative analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomics revealed that metformin suppressed glycolysis by downregulating the key glycolytic enzymes LDHA and PKM2 and upregulating IDH1 expression in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, the anti-tumor role of metformin in thyroid cancer in vivo was shown. Together these results show that metformin plays an anti-tumor role by inhibiting glycolysis and restraining DNA replication in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Ouyang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Yang Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China
| | - Yarong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Shutong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China
| | - Lihong Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China.
| | - Lianhong Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China.
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25
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Chen M, Li Y, Liu Y, Jia B, Liu X, Ma T. Carbonized polymer dots derived from metformin and L-arginine for tumor cell membrane- and mitochondria-dual targeting therapy. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17922-17935. [PMID: 37902070 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has demonstrated antitumor potential in clinical studies; however, achieving optimal antitumor effects requires administering an extremely safe medication dose. To enhance the efficacy and reduce dosage requirements, we propose the creation of large-molecule drugs through the combination of small-molecule drugs. In this study, we developed novel polymer dots, referred to as MA-dots, with sizes of approximately 5 nm, featuring dual targeting capabilities for tumor cell membranes and mitochondria. MA-dots were synthesized using metformin and L-arginine via a rapid microwave-assisted method. Notably, the resulting MA-dots (with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 93.60 μg mL-1) exhibited more than a 12-fold increase in antitumor activity compared to the raw metformin material (IC50 = 1159.00 μg mL-1) over a 24-hour period. In addition, our MA-dots outperformed most metformin-derived nanodrugs in terms of antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, oral gavage treatment with MA-dots led to the suppression of A549 (lung cancer cell lines) tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MA-dots bound to the large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) proteins, which are overexpressed in malignant tumor cell membranes. Moreover, these MA-dots accumulated within the mitochondria, leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial damage, and disruption of energy metabolism by modulating the 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in tumor cells. This cascade of events triggers cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In summary, this study presented a rapid method for fabricating a novel nanoderivative, MA-dots, capable of both tumor targeting and exerting tumor-suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manling Chen
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yangcheng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Xue Liu
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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26
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Talati M, Brittain E, Agrawal V, Fortune N, Simon K, Shay S, Zeng X, Freeman ML, West J, Hemnes A. A potential adverse role for leptin and cardiac leptin receptor in the right ventricle in pulmonary arterial hypertension: effect of metformin is BMPR2 mutation-specific. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1276422. [PMID: 37869164 PMCID: PMC10586504 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1276422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal cardiopulmonary disease. Leptin, a neuroendocrine hormone released by adipose tissue, has a complex relationship with cardiovascular diseases, including PAH. Leptin is thought to be an important factor linking metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders. Given the published association between metabolic syndrome and RV dysfunction in PAH, we sought to determine the association between leptin and RV dysfunction. We hypothesized that in PAH-RV, leptin influences metabolic changes via leptin receptors, which can be manipulated by metformin. Methods Plasma leptin was measured in PAH patients and healthy controls from a published trial of metformin in PAH. Leptin receptor localization was detected in RV from PAH patients, healthy controls, animal models of PH with RV dysfunction before and after metformin treatment, and cultured cardiomyocytes with two different BMPR2 mutants by performing immunohistochemical and cell fractionation studies. Functional studies were conducted in cultured cardiomyocytes to examine the role of leptin and metformin in lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration. Results In human studies, we found that plasma leptin levels were higher in PAH patients and moderately correlated with higher BMI, but not in healthy controls. Circulating leptin levels were reduced by metformin treatment, and these findings were confirmed in an animal model of RV dysfunction. Leptin receptor expression was increased in PAH-RV cardiomyocytes. In animal models of RV dysfunction and cultured cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation, we found increased expression and membrane localization of the leptin receptor. In cultured cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation, leptin moderately influences palmitate uptake, possibly via CD36, in a mutation-specific manner. Furthermore, in cultured cardiomyocytes, the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer and gene expression data indicate that leptin may not directly influence lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes. However, metformin alone or when supplemented with leptin can improve lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes. The effect of metformin on lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyocytes is BMPR2 mutation-specific. Conclusion In PAH, increased circulating leptin can influence metabolic signaling in RV cardiomyocytes via the leptin receptor; in particular, it may alter lipid-dependent RV metabolism in combination with metformin in a mutation-specific manner and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Talati
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Evan Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vineet Agrawal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Niki Fortune
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katie Simon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sheila Shay
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anna Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Bouland C, Vanden Eynden X, Lalmand M, Buset T, Yanni A, Javadian R, Rodriguez A, Loeb I, Lechien JR, Journe F, Saussez S, Dequanter D. Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Metformin in Head and Neck Cancer: A Concise Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6195. [PMID: 37834839 PMCID: PMC10573641 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a complex affection. Nowadays, conventional treatments are associated with many side effects, reducing the patient's quality of life. Recent studies suggest that metformin, a first-line treatment for diabetes, could decrease cancer incidence and improve cancer-related survival rates. METHODS This systematic review summarizes important data from studies evaluating metformin's contribution to preventing and treating HNC. RESULTS The results suggest a protective effect of metformin in HNC. However, no consensus has been found on its therapeutic effects. Metformin seems to confer an improved cancer-related survival rate in a diabetic population, but compared to a non-diabetic population, the review could not identify any advantages. Nevertheless, no studies presented a negative impact. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of this systematic review suggest that HNC patients may benefit from metformin. Indeed, it would reduce the HNC incidence. However, more studies are required to evaluate the effect on cancer-related survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Bouland
- Department of Stomatology—Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (M.L.)
| | - Xavier Vanden Eynden
- Department of Stomatology—Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (M.L.)
| | - Martin Lalmand
- Department of Stomatology—Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (M.L.)
| | - Thibaut Buset
- Department of Stomatology—Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (M.L.)
| | - Antoine Yanni
- Department of Stomatology—Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (M.L.)
| | - Rokneddine Javadian
- Department of Stomatology—Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (M.L.)
| | - Alexandra Rodriguez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (S.S.)
| | - Isabelle Loeb
- Department of Stomatology—Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (M.L.)
| | - Jérôme R. Lechien
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Didier Dequanter
- Department of Stomatology—Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU-Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (M.L.)
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Kawakita E, Yang F, Shi S, Takagaki Y, Koya D, Kanasaki K. Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Activates Autophagy to Promote Survival of Breast Cancer Cells via the mTOR/HIF-1α Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4529. [PMID: 37760498 PMCID: PMC10526496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a complex role in breast cancer cell survival, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus, is also involved in autophagic flux. The potential influence of DPP-4 suppression on cancer biology remains unknown. Here, we report that DPP-4 deficiency promotes breast cancer cell survival via the induction of autophagy by the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)/C-X-C receptor 4 (CXCR4)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α axis. DPP-4 knockdown and DPP-4 inhibitor KR62436 (KR) treatment both increased the levels of LC3II and HIF-1α in cultured human breast and mouse mammary cancer cells. The KR-induced autophagic phenotype in cancer cells was inhibited by treatment with the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 and rapamycin. HIF-1α knockdown also suppressed breast cancer autophagy induced by KR. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine significantly blocked the KR-mediated suppression of cleaved caspase-3 levels and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. Finally, we found that the metformin-induced apoptosis of DPP-4-deficient 4T1 mammary cancer cells was associated with the suppression of autophagy. Our findings identify a novel role for DPP-4 inhibition in the promotion of breast cancer survival by inducing CXCL12/CXCR4/mTOR/HIF-1α axis-dependent autophagy. Metformin is a potential drug that counteracts the breast cancer cell survival system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kawakita
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Sen Shi
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuta Takagaki
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
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Wu J, Xia C, Liu C, Zhang Q, Xia C. The role of gut microbiota and drug interactions in the development of colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265136. [PMID: 37680706 PMCID: PMC10481531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem regulating the host's environmental interaction. The same functional food or drug may have varying bioavailability and distinct effects on different individuals. Drugs such as antibiotics can alter the intestinal flora, thus affecting health. However, the relationship between intestinal flora and non-antibiotic drugs is bidirectional: it is not only affected by drugs; nevertheless, it can alter the drug structure through enzymes and change the bioavailability, biological activity, or toxicity of drugs to improve their efficacy and safety. This review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of antibiotics, antihypertensive drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, virus-associated therapies, metabolites, and dietary in modulating the colorectal cancer gut microbiota. It provides a reference for future antitumor therapy targeting intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Can Liu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianshi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Salmani-Javan E, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Bonabi E, Zarghami N. Fabricating niosomal-PEG nanoparticles co-loaded with metformin and silibinin for effective treatment of human lung cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1193708. [PMID: 37664043 PMCID: PMC10471189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1193708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite current therapies, lung cancer remains a global issue and requires the creation of novel treatment methods. Recent research has shown that biguanides such as metformin (MET) and silibinin (SIL) have a potential anticancer effect. As a consequence, the effectiveness of MET and SIL in combination against lung cancer cells was investigated in this study to develop an effective and novel treatment method. Methods Niosomal nanoparticles were synthesized via the thin-film hydration method, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were used to evaluate their physico-chemical characteristics. The cytotoxic effects of free and drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs), as well as their combination, on A549 cells were assessed using the MTT assay. An apoptosis test was used while under the influence of medication to identify the molecular mechanisms behind programmed cell death. With the use of a cell cycle test, it was determined whether pharmaceutical effects caused the cell cycle to stop progressing. Additionally, the qRT-PCR technique was used to evaluate the levels of hTERT, BAX, and BCL-2 gene expression after 48-h medication treatment. Results In the cytotoxicity assay, the growth of A549 lung cancer cells was inhibited by both MET and SIL. Compared to the individual therapies, the combination of MET and SIL dramatically and synergistically decreased the IC50 values of MET and SIL in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, the combination of MET and SIL produced lower IC50 values and a better anti-proliferative effect on A549 lung cancer cells. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of hTERT and BCL-2 were significantly reduced in lung cancer cell lines treated with MET and SIL compared to single treatments (p< 0.001). Conclusion It is anticipated that the use of nano-niosomal-formed MET and SIL would improve lung cancer treatment outcomes and improve the therapeutic efficiency of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Salmani-Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esat Bonabi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Hu Z, Zhao Y, Li L, Jiang J, Li W, Mang Y, Gao Y, Dong Y, Zhu J, Yang C, Ran J, Li L, Zhang S. Metformin promotes ferroptosis and sensitivity to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ATF4/STAT3. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6399-6413. [PMID: 37326750 PMCID: PMC10374833 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer worldwide, and sorafenib is a first-line drug for the treatment of advanced liver cancer. Resistance to sorafenib has become a major challenge in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, however, studies have shown that metformin can promote ferroptosis and sorafenib sensitivity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the promotion of ferroptosis and sorafenib sensitivity by metformin via ATF4/STAT3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS Hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh7 and Hep3B and induced sorafenib resistance (SR) Huh7/SR and Hep3B/SR cells were used as in vitro cell models. Cells were injected subcutaneously to establish a drug-resistant mouse model. CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability and sorafenib IC50. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of relevant proteins. BODIPY staining was used to analyze the lipid peroxidation level in cells. A scratch assay was used to detect cell migration. Transwell assays were used to detect cell invasion. Immunofluorescence was used to localize the expression of ATF4 and STAT3. RESULTS Metformin promoted ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through ATF4/STAT3, decreased sorafenib IC50, increased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels, decreased cell migration and invasion, inhibited the expression of the drug-resistant proteins ABCG2 and P-GP in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and thus inhibited sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Downregulating ATF4 inhibited the phosphorylated nuclear translocation of STAT3, promoted ferroptosis, and increased the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib. Metformin was also shown in animal models to promote ferroptosis and sorafenib sensitivity in vivo via ATF4/STAT3. CONCLUSION Metformin promotes ferroptosis and sensitivity to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ATF4/STAT3, and it inhibits HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Hu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingpeng Zhao
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Laibang Li
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Wang Li
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyi Mang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiashun Zhu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Chaomin Yang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianghua Ran
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li Li
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Shengning Zhang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Hu M, Chen Y, Ma T, Jing L. Repurposing Metformin in hematologic tumor: State of art. Curr Probl Cancer 2023; 47:100972. [PMID: 37364455 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2023.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is an ancient drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and many studies now suggested that metformin can be used as an adjuvant drug in the treatment of many types of tumors. The mechanism of action of metformin for tumor treatment mainly involves: 1. activation of AMPK signaling pathway 2. inhibition of DNA damage repair in tumor cells 3. downregulation of IGF-1 expression 4. inhibition of chemoresistance and enhancement of chemotherapy sensitivity in tumor cells 5. enhancement of antitumor immunity 6. inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Metformin also plays an important role in the treatment of hematologic tumors, especially in leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (MM). The combination of metformin and chemotherapy enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy, and metformin reduces the progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to MM. The purpose of this review is to summarize the anticancer mechanism of metformin and the role and mechanism of action of metformin in hematologic tumors. We mainly summarize the studies related to metformin in hematologic tumors, including cellular experiments and animal experiments, as well as controlled clinical studies and clinical trials. In addition, we also focus on the possible side effects of metformin. Although a large number of preclinical and clinical studies have been performed and the role of metformin in preventing the progression of MGUS to MM has been demonstrated, metformin has not been approved for the treatment of hematologic tumors, which is related to the adverse effects of its high-dose application. Low-dose metformin reduces adverse effects and has been shown to alter the tumor microenvironment and enhance antitumor immune response, which is one of the main directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Drzał A, Dziurman G, Hoła P, Lechowski J, Delalande A, Swakoń J, Pichon C, Elas M. Murine Breast Cancer Radiosensitization Using Oxygen Microbubbles and Metformin: Vessels Are the Key. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12156. [PMID: 37569531 PMCID: PMC10418665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, but tumor hypoxia and resistance to radiation remain significant challenges. Vascular normalization has emerged as a strategy to improve oxygenation and enhance therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we examine the radiosensitization potential of vascular normalization using metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic drug, and oxygen microbubbles (OMBs). We investigated the synergistic action of metformin and OMBs and the impact of this therapeutic combination on the vasculature, oxygenation, invasiveness, and radiosensitivity of murine 4T1 breast cancer. We employed in vivo Doppler ultrasonographic imaging for vasculature analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry, and immunohistochemical assessment of microvessels, perfusion, and invasiveness markers. Our findings demonstrate that both two-week metformin therapy and oxygen microbubble treatment normalize abnormal cancer vasculature. The combination of metformin and OMB yielded more pronounced and sustained effects than either treatment alone. The investigated therapy protocols led to nearly twice the radiosensitivity of 4T1 tumors; however, no significant differences in radiosensitivity were observed between the various treatment groups. Despite these improvements, resistance to treatment inevitably emerged, leading to the recurrence of hypoxia and an increased incidence of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Drzał
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (G.D.); (P.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Gabriela Dziurman
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (G.D.); (P.H.); (J.L.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Hoła
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (G.D.); (P.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jakub Lechowski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (G.D.); (P.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Anthony Delalande
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.)
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Jan Swakoń
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Chantal Pichon
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.)
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Martyna Elas
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.D.); (G.D.); (P.H.); (J.L.)
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Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Malczewska-Herman A, Rosiek V, Kos-Kudła B. Assessment of the Role of Leptin and Adiponectinas Biomarkers in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3517. [PMID: 37444627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the possible connection between circulating adipokines and PanNENs are limited. This novel study aimed to assess the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin and their ratio in patients with PanNENs and to evaluate the possible relationship between them and PanNEN's grade or stage, including the presence of metastases. The study group consisted of PanNENs (n = 83), and healthy controls (n = 39). Leptin and adiponectin measurement by an ELISA assay was undertaken in the entire cohort. The serum concentration of adiponectin was significantly higher in the control group compared to the study group (p < 0.001). The concentration of leptin and adiponectin was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). Anincreased leptin-adiponectin ratio was observed in well-differentiated PanNENs (G1) vs. moderatelydifferentiated PanNENs (G2) (p < 0.05). An increased leptin-adiponectin ratio was found in PanNENs with Ki-67 < 3% vs. Ki-67 ≥ 3% (p < 0.05). PanNENs with distal disease presented lower leptin levels (p < 0.001) and a decreased leptin-adiponectin ratio (p < 0.01) compared with the localized disease group. Leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-adiponectin ratio may serve as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for PanNENs. Leptin levels and the leptin-adiponectin ratio may play an important role as predictors of malignancy and metastasis in PanNENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Malczewska-Herman
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Violetta Rosiek
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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Hua Y, Zheng Y, Yao Y, Jia R, Ge S, Zhuang A. Metformin and cancer hallmarks: shedding new lights on therapeutic repurposing. J Transl Med 2023; 21:403. [PMID: 37344841 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that has been repurposed for several emerging applications, including as an anti-cancer agent. It boasts the distinct advantages of an excellent safety and tolerability profile and high cost-effectiveness at less than one US dollar per daily dose. Epidemiological evidence reveals that metformin reduces the risk of cancer and decreases cancer-related mortality in patients with diabetes; however, the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Energy metabolism may be central to the mechanism of action. Based on altering whole-body energy metabolism or cellular state, metformin's modes of action can be divided into two broad, non-mutually exclusive categories: "direct effects", which induce a direct effect on cancer cells, independent of blood glucose and insulin levels, and "indirect effects" that arise from systemic metabolic changes depending on blood glucose and insulin levels. In this review, we summarize an updated account of the current knowledge on metformin antitumor action, elaborate on the underlying mechanisms in terms of the hallmarks of cancer, and propose potential applications for repurposing metformin for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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36
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Papadakos SP, Ferraro D, Carbone G, Frampton AE, Vennarecci G, Kykalos S, Schizas D, Theocharis S, Machairas N. The Emerging Role of Metformin in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Is There Any Value in Repurposing Metformin for HCC Immunotherapy? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3161. [PMID: 37370771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There has been significant progress in understanding the risk factors and epidemiology of HCC during the last few decades, resulting in efficient preventative, diagnostic and treatment strategies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for developing HCC. Metformin is a widely used hypoglycemic agent for patients with T2DM and has been shown to play a potentially beneficial role in improving the survival of patients with HCC. Experimental and clinical studies evaluating the outcomes of metformin as an antineoplastic drug in the setting of HCC were reviewed. Pre-clinical evidence suggests that metformin may enhance the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and reverse the effector T cells' exhaustion. However, there is still limited clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of metformin in combination with ICIs for the treatment of HCC. We appraised and analyzed in vitro and animal studies that aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of metformin, as well as clinical studies that assessed its impact on the survival of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Daniele Ferraro
- HPB Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, AORN A. Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carbone
- Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Adam Enver Frampton
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- Oncology Section, Surrey Cancer Research Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, FHMS, University of Surrey, The Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- HPB Surgical Unit, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Giovanni Vennarecci
- HPB Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, AORN A. Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stylianos Kykalos
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Machairas
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Chu Z, Tan Y, Xu C, Zhangsun D, Zhu X. Potential Mechanisms of Metformin-Induced Apoptosis in HeLa Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:950. [PMID: 37371530 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a traditional antidiabetic drug that also shows potential antitumor effects in cervical cancer. However, some of its apoptosis-related mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, flow cytometry, western blotting, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of metformin in HeLa cells. The results showed that metformin inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis, the protein expression level of Caspase-3 (CASP3) was increased and that of BCL-2 was decreased in HeLa cells treated with metformin. The RNA-seq results indicated a total of 239 differentially expressed genes between the metformin and control check (CK) groups, with 136 genes upregulated and 103 genes downregulated, and 14 of them were found to be associated with apoptosis signaling pathways. The DDIT3 and HRK genes were robustly upregulated in HeLa cells by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Metformin also affects the expression of PPP2R5C, PPP2R5A, and RRAGA, which participate in biological processes such as PI3K-AKT, mTOR, and AMPK signaling pathways. Metformin mediates the expression of related genes to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Chu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chenxing Xu
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Dong Y, Qi Y, Jiang H, Mi T, Zhang Y, Peng C, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zang Y, Li J. The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases. Front Med 2023; 17:388-431. [PMID: 37402952 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades due to its safety, low cost, and outstanding hypoglycemic effect clinically. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are complex and still not fully understood. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex I is the most described downstream mechanism of metformin, leading to reduced ATP production and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Meanwhile, many novel targets of metformin have been gradually discovered. In recent years, multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies are committed to extend the indications of metformin in addition to diabetes. Herein, we summarized the benefits of metformin in four types of diseases, including metabolic associated diseases, cancer, aging and age-related diseases, neurological disorders. We comprehensively discussed the pharmacokinetic properties and the mechanisms of action, treatment strategies, the clinical application, the potential risk of metformin in various diseases. This review provides a brief summary of the benefits and concerns of metformin, aiming to interest scientists to consider and explore the common and specific mechanisms and guiding for the further research. Although there have been countless studies of metformin, longitudinal research in each field is still much warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingbei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tian Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China.
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Aydın PK, Turkyılmaz IB, Gul IB, Bulan OK, Yanardag R. Drug repurposing: Metformin's effect against liver tissue damage in diabetes and prostate cancer model. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:225-236. [PMID: 37255805 PMCID: PMC10225428 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background There are evidences linking diabetes to the pathogenesis and progression of various cancers. Metformin is a well-known antidiabetic drug that reduces the levels of circulating glucose and insulin in patients with both insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of metformin on the liver of rats bearing prostate cancer, diabetes and prostate cancer + diabetes via histopathological and biochemical methods. Methods Male Copenhagen rats were divided into six groups. Control group, diabetic group, cancer group, diabetic + cancer group, diabetic + cancer + metformin group, cancer + metformin group. Diabetes was induced by injecting single dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) to Copenhagen rats, cancer induced 2 × 104 Mat-LyLu cells. Metformin treatment was administered daily by gavage following inocculation of the Mat- Lylu cells to fifth and sixth group. The experiment was terminated on the 14th day following Mat-LyLu cell injection. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed, and liver tissue was taken. Liver damage was scored. Biochemically, serum prostate-specific antigen level was determined by employing Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay method. In addition, the activities of different enzyme and biochemical parameters were determined spectrophotometrically inform the hepatic tissue specimens. Results The findings of this study reveal that histopathological and biochemical damage in cancer and diabetic + cancer groups decreased significantly in the metformin treated groups. Conclusion These highlights that the antidiabetic drug metformin can be repositioned for attenuating liver tissue damage associated with prostate cancer and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Koroglu Aydın
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyılmaz
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Bugan Gul
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omur Karabulut Bulan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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40
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Rosiek V, Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Kos-Kudła B. Selected Serum Biomarkers (Leptin, Chromogranin A, CA19-9, CEA) in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm and Associations with Metabolic Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082348. [PMID: 37190276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities are well-known risk factors for many cancers, even though no clearly established link with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) has yet been investigated. This research aimed to assess the serum levels of leptin, chromogranin A (CgA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with PanNENs and to search for associations between PanNENs, these selected serum biomarkers, and metabolic abnormalities in the form of metabolic syndrome (MS). Second, we aimed to investigate whether MS increases the risk of PanNENs. The serum concentrations of biomarkers, metabolic parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides), and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI) were assessed in 106 patients with PanNENs and 40 healthy volunteers. Patients with PanNENs showed higher serum concentrations of CA19-9, CEA, and CgA in comparison to controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.042, and p = 0.025, respectively). Statistically significant differences in CEA levels were found in PanNENs patients with MS (p = 0.043). PanNENs patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and who were female exhibited significantly higher leptin levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). Additionally, this study reflects the importance of determining markers. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of metabolic disturbances on PanNENs and accounting for the relationship between PanNENs and MS, such as other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Rosiek
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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Chen CJ, Huang JY, Huang JQ, Deng JY, Shangguan XH, Chen AZ, Chen LT, Wu WH. Metformin attenuates multiple myeloma cell proliferation and encourages apoptosis by suppressing METTL3-mediated m6A methylation of THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:986-1004. [PMID: 36762777 PMCID: PMC10054227 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2170521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the results of epidemiological and preclinical studies, metformin can improve the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors. Studies have confirmed that metformin inhibits multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. MM cells were intervened with different doses of metformin to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were employed to assess the expression of METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, FTO, and ALKBH5 after metformin intervention. The microarray dataset GSE29023 was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and calculated using the R language (limma package) to authenticate differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (David) was applied for GO annotation analysis of DEGs. Subsequently, the string database and Cytoscape software were applied to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) and DEM hub gene networks. Bioinformatics analysis and MeRIP were applied to predict and test METTL3-mediated m6A levels on mRNA of THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4 in METTL3 knocked-down cells. Then rescue experiments were performed to explore effects of METTL3 and THRAP3, RBM25, or USP4 on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The effect on MM cell xenograft tumor growth was observed by injection of metformin or/and overexpression of METTL3 in in vivo experiments. Metformin decreased cell proliferation and encouraged cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Global m6A modification was elevated in MM cells compared to normal cells, which was counteracted by metformin treatment. Furthermore, THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4 were identified as possible candidate genes for metformin treatment by GSE29023 data mining. METTL3 interference impaired m6A modification on mRNA of THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4 as well as expression levels. The mRNA stability and expression of THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4 was decreased after metformin treatment, which was reversed by METTL3 overexpression. THRAP3, RBM25 or USP4 knockdown reversed the assistance of METTL3 overexpression on the malignant behavior of MM cells. Finally, upregulation of METTL3 was shown to exert facilitative effects on xenograft tumor growth by blocking metformin injection. The present study demonstrates that metformin can repress the expression of THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4 by inhibiting METTL3-mediated m6A modification, which in turn hamper cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis.Abbreviations: multiple myeloma (MM), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), differentially expressed genes (DEGs), database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (David), protein-protein interaction (PPI), epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), methyltransferase like 14 (METTL14), wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), methyltransferase like 16 (METTL16), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-small lung cancer (NSCLC), glioma stem cells (GSCs), normal bone marrow-derived plasma cells (nPCs), false discovery rate (FDR), biological process (BP), optical density (OD), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), M6A RNA immunoprecipitation assay (MeRIP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Jie Chen
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jie-Yun Huang
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jian-Qing Huang
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Deng
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Shangguan
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ai-Zhen Chen
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Long-Tian Chen
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei-Hao Wu
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
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42
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Zhang Q, Xiong L, Wei T, Liu Q, Yan L, Chen J, Dai L, Shi L, Zhang W, Yang J, Roessler S, Liu L. Hypoxia-responsive PPARGC1A/BAMBI/ACSL5 axis promotes progression and resistance to lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2023; 42:1509-1523. [PMID: 36932115 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PPARGC1A) is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its detailed function and up- and downstream mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, we confirmed that PPAGC1A is lowly expressed in HCC and is associated with poor prognosis using large-scale public datasets and in-house cohorts. PPAGC1A was found to impair the progression and sensitivity of HCC to lenvatinib. Mechanistically, PPAGC1A repressed bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) by inhibiting WNT/β-catenin signaling. BAMBI mediated the function of PPARGC1A and regulated ACSL5 through TGF-β/SMAD signaling. PPARGC1A/BAMBI regulated ROS production and ferroptosis-related cell death by controlling ACSL5. PPARGC1A/BAMBI/ACSL5 axis was hypoxia-responsive. METTL3 and WTAP silenced PPARGC1A in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent way under normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. Metformin restored PPARGC1A expression by reducing its m6A modification via inhibiting METTL3. In animal models and patient-derived organoids, consistent functional data of PPARGC1A/BAMBI/ACSL5 were observed. Conclusions: These findings provide new insights into the role of the aberrant PPARGC1A/BAMBI/ACSL5 axis in HCC. And the mechanism of PPARGC1A dysregulation was explained by m6A modification. Metformin may benefit HCC patients with PPARGC1A dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangnu Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Xiong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Teng Wei
- Cytotherapy Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lesen Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaojuan Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Dai
- School of Medcine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lulin Shi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jilin Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liping Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 518020, Shenzhen, China.
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Duan S, Sun F, Qiao P, Zhu Z, Geng M, Gong X, Li Y, Yao H. Detachable Dual-Targeting Nanoparticles for Improving the Antitumor Effect by Extracellular Matrix Depletion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1437-1449. [PMID: 36795746 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) forms a dense barrier that prevents nanodrugs from penetrating into deep tumor sites, leading to unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. Recently, it has been found that ECM depletion and using small-sized nanoparticles are effective strategies. Herein, we reported a detachable dual-targeting nanoparticle (HA-DOX@GNPs-Met@HFn) based on reducing ECM for enhancing penetration. When these nanoparticles reached the tumor site, the nanoparticles were divided into two parts in response to matrix metalloproteinase-2 overexpressed in TME, causing a decrease in the nanoparticle size from about 124 to 36 nm. One part was Met@HFn, which was detached from the surface of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs), which effectively targeted tumor cells and released metformin (Met) under acidic conditions. Then, Met downregulated the expression of the transforming growth factor β by the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway to inhibit the activity of CAFs, thereby suppressing the production of ECM including α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I. The other was the small-sized hyaluronic acid-modified doxorubicin prodrug with autonomous targeting ability, which was gradually released from GNPs and internalized into deeper tumor cells. Intracellular hyaluronidases triggered the release of doxorubicin (DOX), which killed tumor cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis. The combination of size transformation and ECM depletion enhanced the penetration and accumulation of DOX in solid tumors. Therefore, the tumor chemotherapy effect was greatly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songchao Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pan Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meilin Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaobao Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Hanchun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Integrative analyses of biomarkers and pathways for metformin reversing cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 147:105637. [PMID: 36738487 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, transcriptome sequencing were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which metformin inhibits head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells progression and sensitizes HNSCC cells to chemotherapy. We aimed to propose a novel chemotherapeutic approach with high efficacy and few side effects and provide a new strategy for HNSCC treatment. DESIGN The effects of metformin on the biological behaviors of HNSCC cells were validated by CCK8 cell proliferation assays, would healing assays and flow cytometric apoptosis assays. The appropriate metformin concentrations for the experimental pretreatment of HNSCC cells were selected based on experimental results, and the treated cells were subjected to transcriptome sequencing. After bioinformatics analysis and intersection with a post-chemotherapy resistance dataset from the GEO database numbered GSE102787, the genes were identified and used to predict potential metformin targets after functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS Metformin significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration and induced the apoptosis of Cal27 and FaDu cells. A total of 284 genes that are potentially targeted by metformin during HNSCC cell sensitization were identified by bioinformatics, and ten hub genes with high connectivity were selected. In particular, Fen1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that Fen1 is overexpressed in HNSCC tissues compared with normal tissues and that Fen1 overexpression is a poor prognostic factor in HNSCC patients. Metformin enhances the ability of cisplatin to inhibit HNSCC progression. Further studies are needed to explore the therapeutic value of Fen1 in HNSCC.
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Metformin enhances neural precursor cells migration and functional recovery after ischemic stroke in mice. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:505-515. [PMID: 36611122 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Resident neural precursor cells (NPCs) activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for brain repair. This strategy involves stimulating multiple stages of NPCs development, including proliferation, self-renewal, migration, and differentiation. Metformin, an FDA-approved diabetes drug, has been shown to promote the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs. However, it is still unclear whether metformin promotes the migration of NPCs. EVOS living cell imaging system was used for observing the migration for primary NPCs dynamically in vitro after metformin treatment. For in vivo study, a mouse model of ischemic stroke was established through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To label the proliferating cell in subventricular zone, BrdU was injected intraperitoneally into the mice. After co-staining with BrdU and doublecortin (DCX), a marker for NPCs, the migration of Brdu and DCX double positive NPCs was detected along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and around the infarct area using frozen brain sections. Finally, the rotarod test, corner test and beam walking were performed to evaluate the motor functions of the mice after stroke in different groups. The results showed that metformin enhanced NPCs migration in vivo and in vitro by promoting F-actin assembly and lamellipodia formation. What's more, metformin treatment also significantly reduced the infarct volume and alleviated functional dysfunction after stroke. Mechanistically, metformin promoted NPCs migration via up-regulating the CDC42 expression. Taken together, metformin represents an optimal candidate agent for neural repair that is capable of not only expanding the adult NPC population but also subsequently driving them toward the destination for neuronal differentiation.
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Zhang Y, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhou L, Chen B. Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020250. [PMID: 36830619 PMCID: PMC9953052 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HMs) mainly include acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and other heterogeneous tumors that seriously threaten human life and health. The common effective treatments are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which have limited options and are prone to tumor recurrence and (or) drug resistance. Metformin is the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recently, studies identified the potential anti-cancer ability of metformin in both T2DM patients and patients that are non-diabetic. The latest epidemiological and preclinical studies suggested a potential benefit of metformin in the prevention and treatment of patients with HM. The mechanism may involve the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by metformin as well as other AMPK-independent pathways to exert anti-cancer properties. In addition, combining current conventional anti-cancer drugs with metformin may improve the efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, metformin can also be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for HM. This paper highlights the anti-hyperglycemic effects and potential anti-cancer effects of metformin, and also compiles the in vitro and clinical trials of metformin as an anti-cancer and chemosensitizing agent for the treatment of HM. The need for future research on the use of metformin in the treatment of HM is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoan Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8327-2006
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Chen PC, Hong CT, Chen WT, Chan L, Chien LN. Metformin Adherence Reduces the Risk of Dementia in Patients With Diabetes: A Population-based Cohort Study. Endocr Pract 2023; 29:247-253. [PMID: 36657564 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metformin is widely used as the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus and has numerous benefits apart from lowering blood glucose. However, metformin-retained regimen is challenged by newly launching, powerful glucose-lowering antiglycemic agents. This population-based cohort study examined the association between metformin adherence and the risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Diabetic patients with metformin-included combination antiglycemic therapy were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database and categorized into metformin-adherent and -nonadherent groups according to the medical record of the first year prescription. Patients contraindicated with metformin, severe diabetic complications, and poor drug compliance were excluded. The study outcome was the diagnosis of dementia or PD. RESULTS A total of 31 384 matched pairs were included after using propensity score matching and both groups were followed up for an average of 5 years. Metformin adherence was associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia (adjusted hazard risk ratio = 0.72, P < .001) but not PD (adjusted hazard risk ratio = 0.97, P = .825). Subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of dementia was significantly reduced in metformin-adherent patients, both male and female, aged >65 or ≤ 65 years, and with or without concurrent insulin treatment. This effect was not influenced by concurrent insulin treatment, which may eliminate the bias caused by the severity of diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION Despite the launching of numerous new oral antiglycemic agents, metformin may provide further benefit on lowering risk of dementia beyond conventional glycemic control according to the real-world evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Hong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chen
- Health Data Analytics and Statistics Center, Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Nien Chien
- Health Data Analytics and Statistics Center, Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Master of Public Health Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Liu Z, Hayashi H, Matsumura K, Uemura N, Shiraishi Y, Sato H, Baba H. Biological and Clinical Impacts of Glucose Metabolism in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020498. [PMID: 36672448 PMCID: PMC9856866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal cancer type as it is prone to metastases and is difficult to diagnose at an early stage. Despite advances in molecular detection, its clinical prognosis remains poor and it is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Approximately 85% of patients develop glucose metabolism disorders, most commonly diabetes mellitus, within three years prior to their pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Diabetes, or glucose metabolism disorders related to PDAC, are typically associated with insulin resistance, and beta cell damage, among other factors. From the perspective of molecular regulatory mechanisms, glucose metabolism disorders are closely related to PDAC initiation and development and to late invasion and metastasis. In particular, abnormal glucose metabolism impacts the nutritional status and prognosis of patients with PDAC. Meanwhile, preliminary research has shown that metformin and statins are effective for the prevention or treatment of malignancies; however, no such effect has been shown in clinical trials. Hence, the causes underlying these conflicting results require further exploration. This review focuses on the clinical significance of glucose metabolism disorders in PDAC and the mechanisms behind this relationship, while also summarizing therapeutic approaches that target glycolysis.
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Novel Anti-Cancer Products Targeting AMPK: Natural Herbal Medicine against Breast Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020740. [PMID: 36677797 PMCID: PMC9863744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer in women worldwide. The existing clinical treatment strategies have been able to limit the progression of breast cancer and cancer metastasis, but abnormal metabolism, immunosuppression, and multidrug resistance involving multiple regulators remain the major challenges for the treatment of breast cancer. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) can regulate metabolic reprogramming and reverse the "Warburg effect" via multiple metabolic signaling pathways in breast cancer. Previous studies suggest that the activation of AMPK suppresses the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, as well as stimulating the responses of immune cells. However, some other reports claim that the development and poor prognosis of breast cancer are related to the overexpression and aberrant activation of AMPK. Thus, the role of AMPK in the progression of breast cancer is still controversial. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of AMPK, particularly the comprehensive bidirectional functions of AMPK in cancer progression; discuss the pharmacological activators of AMPK and some specific molecules, including the natural products (including berberine, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ginsenosides, and paclitaxel) that influence the efficacy of these activators in cancer therapy; and elaborate the role of AMPK as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Mlicka A, Mlicki P, Niewiadomski P, Zielińska W, Hałas-Wiśniewska M, Izdebska M. Synergistic effect of metformin and doxorubicin on the metastatic potential of T24 cells. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:151975. [PMID: 36455340 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The motor ability of cancer cells to cross the basement membrane contributes to their implantation in a new location. Metastasis is a significant factor that worsens the prognosis of cancer patients. Thus, reducing cell invasiveness is an important aspect of anticancer therapy, also in bladder cancer treatment. MATERIAL The study material was the T24 cell line of human urinary bladder cancer. The migratory potential of the cells and the effect of the treatment with individually doses and synergistic combination of doxorubicin and metformin in the 500:1 ratio for 24 h were analyzed. RESULTS The results obtained show a compound-initiated decrease in the motor abilities of bladder cancer cells compared to controls. A decrease in the rate of colony formation was observed, as well as inhibition of migration through inserts. The visualized reorganization of the vimentin and actin networks confirms the drug-initiated limitation of the metastatic potential of T24 cells. CONCLUSION According to our knowledge, we are the first to show, that combination of doxorubicin and metformin also worth considering in the treatment of bladder cancer. We showed that simultaneous administration of these cytostatic enhances the antiproliferative effect of drugs, but also limits cells' migratory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mlicka
- Students Research Group of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure at Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Mlicki
- Students Research Group of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure at Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Niewiadomski
- Students Research Group of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure at Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wioletta Zielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Hałas-Wiśniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Izdebska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; Students Research Group of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure at Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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