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Hong C, Li X, Zhang K, Huang Q, Li B, Xin H, Hu B, Meng F, Zhu X, Tang D, Hu C, Tao C, Li J, Cao Y, Wang H, Deng B, Wang S. Novel perspectives on autophagy-oxidative stress-inflammation axis in the orchestration of adipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1404697. [PMID: 38982993 PMCID: PMC11232368 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1404697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an indispensable organ, fulfils the pivotal role of energy storage and metabolism and is instrumental in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of energy and health of the organism. Adipocyte hypertrophy and adipocyte hyperplasia (adipogenesis) are the two primary mechanisms of fat deposition. Mature adipocytes are obtained by differentiating mesenchymal stem cells into preadipocytes and redifferentiation. However, the mechanisms orchestrating adipogenesis remain unclear. Autophagy, an alternative cell death pathway that sustains intracellular energy homeostasis through the degradation of cellular components, is implicated in regulating adipogenesis. Furthermore, adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, producing various cytokines, and certain inflammatory factors, in turn, modulate autophagy and adipogenesis. Additionally, autophagy influences intracellular redox homeostasis by regulating reactive oxygen species, which play pivotal roles in adipogenesis. There is a growing interest in exploring the involvement of autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress in adipogenesis. The present manuscript reviews the impact of autophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammation on the regulation of adipogenesis and, for the first time, discusses their interactions during adipogenesis. An integrated analysis of the role of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress will contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of adipogenesis and expediting the exploration of molecular targets for treating obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chuanhuo Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chenyu Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health- Hong Kong University (GIBH-HKU) Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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Murdolo G, Bartolini D, Tortoioli C, Vermigli C, Piroddi M, Galli F. Accumulation of 4-Hydroxynonenal Characterizes Diabetic Fat and Modulates Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose Precursor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16645. [PMID: 38068967 PMCID: PMC10705911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance in fat tissue appears to be causative of impaired glucose homeostasis. This "proof-of-concept" study investigated whether the peroxidation by-product of polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acids, namely 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), is formed by, and accumulates in, the adipose tissue (AT) of obese patients with type 2 diabetes (OBT2D) as compared with lean, nondiabetic control subjects (CTRL). Moreover, we studied the effects of 4-HNE on the cell viability and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Protein-HNE adducts in subcutaneous abdominal AT (SCAAT) biopsies from seven OBT2D and seven CTRL subjects were assessed using Western blot. The effects of 4-HNE were then studied in primary cultures of ASCs, focusing on cell viability, adipogenic differentiation, and the "canonical" Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways. When compared with the controls, the OBT2D patients displayed increased HNE-protein adducts in the SCAAT. The exposure of ASCs to 4-HNE fostered ROS production and led to a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. Notably, at concentrations that did not affect cell viability (1 μM), 4-HNE hampered adipogenic ASCs' differentiation through a timely-regulated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin, p38MAPK, ERK1/2- and JNK-mediated pathways. These "hypothesis-generating" data suggest that the increased accumulation of 4-HNE in the SCAAT of obese patients with type 2 diabetes may detrimentally affect adipose precursor cell differentiation, possibly contributing to the obesity-associated derangement of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria Misericordia, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, I-06081 Perugia, Italy (C.V.)
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Perugia, I-06081 Perugia, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Cristina Tortoioli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria Misericordia, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, I-06081 Perugia, Italy (C.V.)
| | - Cristiana Vermigli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria Misericordia, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, I-06081 Perugia, Italy (C.V.)
| | | | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Perugia, I-06081 Perugia, Italy (F.G.)
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Montaldo L, Gallo A, Rocha G, Csernoch C, Marzi MD, Guerra LN. Anthocyanin-enriched extract from Ribes nigrum inhibits triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation in adipocytes. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:675-687. [PMID: 38018449 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Obesity is a chronic pathology of epidemic proportions. Mature adipocytes from a 3T3-L1 cell line were used as in vitro obesity model to test different bioactive compounds. We aim to evaluate cassis (Ribes nigrum) extract antioxidant activity and its antiadipogenic effect on mature adipocytes. Results: We produced an extract by using enzyme that combines cellulase and pectinase; we obtained high yield of the bioactive compound anthocyanin. Extract showed high antioxidant capacity. We conducted in vitro assays by adding the extract to adipocytes culture medium. Extract reduced intracellular levels of triglyceride by 62% and cholesterol by 32%. Conclusion: Enzymatic extract's high antioxidant activity was likely attributable to its high concentration of anthocyanin. This extract inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Alicia Gallo
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Tecnología, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Rocha
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Csernoch
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Tecnología, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Mauricio De Marzi
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Liliana N Guerra
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
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Liu M, Zheng X, Sun C, Zhou Q, Liu B, Xu P. Tea Tree Oil Mediates Antioxidant Factors Relish and Nrf2-Autophagy Axis Regulating the Lipid Metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2260. [PMID: 36421446 PMCID: PMC9686997 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Both oxidative stress and autophagy refer to regulating fat metabolism, and the former affects autophagy, but the role and mechanism of the antioxidant-autophagy axis in regulating lipid metabolism remains unclear. As an antioxidant, tea tree oil (TTO) has little research on the regulatory mechanism of lipid metabolism in crustaceans. This study investigated whether TTO could alter hepatopancreatic lipid metabolism by affecting the antioxidant-autophagy axis. Feed Macrobrachium rosenbergii with three different levels of TTO diets for 8 weeks: CT (0 mg/kg TTO), 100TTO (100 mg/kg TTO), and 1000TTO (1000 mg/kg TTO). The results showed that 100TTO treatment reduced the hemolymph lipids level and hepatopancreatic lipid deposition compared to CT. In contrast, 1000TTO treatment increased hepatopancreatic lipid deposition, damaging both morphology and function in the hepatopancreas. The 100TTO treatment promoted lipolysis and reduced liposynthesis at the transcriptional level compared to the CT group. Meanwhile, it improved the hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity and maintained mitochondrial structural and ROS homeostasis. In addition, it simultaneously activated the expression of transcription factors Keap1-Nrf2 and Imd-Relish. By contrast, the 1000TTO group significantly enhanced the ROS level, which considerably activated the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling expression but had no significant effects on the expression of Imd-Relish. The 100TTO group supplementation significantly enhanced lipid droplet breakdown and autophagy-related genes and protein expression. On the contrary, the 1000TTO group significantly inhibited the expression of genes and proteins related to autophagy. Pearson analysis revealed that Nrf2 has a positive correlation to lipid anabolism-related genes (Fasn, Srebp1, Pparγ) and autophagy regulators (mtor, akt, p62), and were negatively correlated with lipolysis-related genes (Cpt1, Hsl, Ampkα) and autophagy markers (Ulk1, Lc3). Relish was positively correlated with Atgl, Cpt1, Ampkα, Ulk1, and Lc3, and negatively correlated with Pparγ and p62. Moreover, Keap1 and Imd were negatively correlated with p62 and mtor, respectively. In sum, 100 mg/kg TTO enhanced antioxidant activity and increased autophagy intensity through the Relish-Imd pathway to enhance lipid droplet breakdown, while 1000 mg/kg TTO overexpressed Nrf2, thus inhibiting autophagy and ultimately causing excessive lipid deposition and peroxidation. Our study gives a fresh perspective for deciphering the bidirectional regulation mechanism of lipid metabolism by different doses of TTO based on the antioxidant-autophagy axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
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5
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Marasinghe CK, Je JY. Heme oxygenase-1 induction by gallic acid-g-chitosan is an important event in modulating adipocyte differentiation. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14179. [PMID: 35393708 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, one of the common worldwide chronic health diseases co-relates with adipogenesis. Adipogenesis is a complex biological action of the emergence of mature adipocytes from the differentiation of pre-adipocytes and the disfunction of this process leads to the development of metabolic issues in obesity. Recently, much attention has been paid to utilizing natural compounds to discover their biological activities. This study focused on investigating the probable anti-adipogenic effects of gallic acid-g-chitosan (GAC) and plain chitosan (PC) through regulating the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/Nrf2 pathway on mesenchymal stem cells. Gallic acid is grafted onto the PC backbone to improve its specific physical and biological properties. GAC showed promising anti-adipogenic effects by enhancing HO-1 expression and lipolysis and as well as suppressing lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, transcription factor expression compared to the PC treatment. On the contrary, zinc protoporphyrin ІX (ZnPP), a HO-1 inhibitor reversed these effects of GAC on adipogenesis. Taken all together, this study revealed that grafting GA onto the chitosan improved potential anti-adipogenic activity by induction of the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: GAC is a well-known copolymer with versatile bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activity. However, the anti-adipogenic effect of GAC has not been explored in MSCs. This study demonstrated that GAC inhibited adipocyte differentiation in MSCs through HO-1 activation. These findings suggest that GAC can be applied practically from different perspectives. GAC can be applied in the pharmacological industry to the development of anti-obesity drugs, medicinal perspectives for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and in the food industry as a functional food to promote health and decrease the risk of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathuri K Marasinghe
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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6
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Jung U, Kim M, Wang T, Lee JS, Seo S, Lee HG. Identification of candidate proteins regulated by long-term caloric
restriction and feed efficiency in Longissimus dorsi muscle in Korean native
steer. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:330-342. [PMID: 35530411 PMCID: PMC9039946 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Usuk Jung
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed
Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118,
China
| | - Jae-Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seongwon Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences,
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Corresponding author: Hong-Gu Lee, Department of
Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea. Tel: +82-2-450-0523, E-mail:
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7
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Zhong CC, Zhao T, Hogstrand C, Chen F, Song CC, Luo Z. Copper (Cu) induced changes of lipid metabolism through oxidative stress-mediated autophagy and Nrf2/PPARγ pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 100:108883. [PMID: 34653601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can induce occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nrf2 is a central regulator of cellular oxidative stress and also participates in the control of lipid deposition and metabolism. Here, we hypothesize that oxidative stress-mediated Nrf2 activation participates in the regulation of the Cu-induced lipid deposition. We found that Cu excess activated oxidative stress and autophagy, up-regulated lipogenesis and lipid metabolism, suppressed Keap1 expression and activated Nrf2 signaling. Moreover, Cu induced lipid deposition via oxidative stress and the mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative stress mediated Cu-induced activation of Nrf2 and autophagy. The activation of autophagy helps to alleviate Cu-induced lipid deposition and accordingly provided a protective role against Cu-induced NAFLD. Meantime, Cu-induced oxidative stress promoted Nrf2 recruitment to the PPARγ promoter, inducing target gene transcription, and subsequent lipogenesis. Our findings, for the first time, provide direct evidences for Nrf2 function in the modulation of lipogenic metabolism via the transcriptional activation of PPARγ, and elucidate the mechanisms by which Nrf2 functions as the central regulator of lipogenic genes and highlights the significance of Nrf2 as potential therapeutic targets for oxidative stress-associated obesity and NAFLD for fish and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei Province, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei Province, China
| | - Chang-Chun Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Health, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei Province, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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8
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Xu YH, Hogstrand C, Xu YC, Zhao T, Zheng H, Luo Z. Environmentally relevant concentrations of oxytetracycline and copper increased liver lipid deposition through inducing oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117079. [PMID: 33845287 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) and Cu are prevalent in aquatic ecosystems and their pollution are issues of serious concern. The present working hypothesis is that the toxicity of Cu and OTC mixture on physiological activity of fish was different from single OTC and Cu alone. The present study indicated that, compared to single OTC or Cu alone, Cu+OTC mixture reduced growth performance and feed utilization of grass carp, escalated the contents of Cu, OTC and TG, increased lipogenesis, induced oxidative stress, damaged the mitochondrial structure and functions and inhibited the lipolysis in the liver tissues and hepatocytes of grass carp. Cu+OTC co-treatment significantly increased the mRNA abundances and protein expression of Nrf2. Moreover, we found that Cu+OTC mixture-induced oxidative stress promoted Nrf2 recruitment to the SREBP-1 promoter and increased SREBP-1-mediated lipogenesis; Nrf2 sited at the crossroads of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism, and mediated the regulation of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Our findings clearly indicated that OTC and Cu mixture differed in environmental risks from single antibiotic or metal element itself, and thus posed different toxicological responses to aquatic animals. Moreover, our findings suggested that Nrf2 functioned as an important antioxidant regulator linking oxidative stress to lipogenic metabolism, and thus elucidated a novel regulatory mechanism for lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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9
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Woeller CF, Lim SA, Roztocil E, Yee M, Beier EE, Puzas JE, O'Reilly MA. Neonatal hyperoxia impairs adipogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fat accumulation in adult mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:287-298. [PMID: 33757863 PMCID: PMC8096722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a risk factor for growth failure and development of respiratory disease in children and young adults. Their early exposure to oxygen may contribute to lung disease because adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as neonates display reduced lung function, changes in the host response to respiratory viral infections, and develop pulmonary hypertension and heart failure that shortens their lifespan. Here, we provide new evidence that neonatal hyperoxia also impairs growth by inhibiting fat accumulation. Failure to accumulate fat may reflect a systemic defect in adipogenic potential of stem cells because bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) isolated from the mice grew slower and were more oxidized compared to controls. They also displayed reduced capacity to accumulate lipid and differentiate into adipocytes. BMSCs from adult mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia express lower levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor that drives adipocyte differentiation. The defect in adipogenesis was rescued by expressing PPARγ in these cells. These findings reveal early life exposure to high levels of oxygen may suppresses fat accumulation and impair adipogenic differentiation upstream of PPARγ signaling, thus potentially contributing to growth failure seen in people born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collynn F Woeller
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Sydney A Lim
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Elisa Roztocil
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Min Yee
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Eric E Beier
- Departments of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - J Edward Puzas
- Departments of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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10
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Samnamul (Shoots of Aruncus dioicus) Inhibit Adipogenesis by Downregulating Adipocyte-Specific Transcription Factors in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte-specific transcription factors and antioxidants are considered the best target of obesity. Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus (A. dioicus, Samnamul) is easily available owing to edible and inexpensive. However, the anti-adipogenic effects of the underlying mechanism of A. dioicus extract (ADE) have not yet been reported. In the present study, we evaluate anti-adipogenic pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, antioxidant activities and quantified phenolics using high-performance liquid chromatography of ADE. The results revealed ADE had reduced adipocyte differentiation (0.72-fold vs. MDI (media of differentiation) control), triglyceride (TG; 0.50-fold vs. MDI control, p < 0.001), and total cholesterol contents (0.77-fold vs. MDI control) by regulating adipocyte-specific transcription factors (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP1) and their downstream mRNA (AdipoQ, Ap2, SREBP1-c, and FAS) levels. Furthermore, ADE has higher total phenol and flavonoid contents and scavenging assay in the DPPH and ABTS+. In particularly, ADE contains chlorogenic acid (7.04 mg/kg), caffeic acid (20.14 mg/kg), ferulic acid (1.74 mg/kg), veratric acid (29.31 mg/kg), cinnamic acid (4.70 mg/kg), and quercetin (4.18 mg/kg). In conclusion, since these phenols, especially quercetin, in the ADE appear to reduce differentiation, TG and cholesterol content by regulating adipocyte-specific transcription factors in adipocytes, ADE has the potential to be developed into a new antioxidant and anti-obesity therapeutics.
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11
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Dufrénoy P, Charlet R, Hechelski M, Daïch A, Waterlot C, Jawhara S, Ghinet A. New Efficient Eco-Friendly Supported Catalysts for the Synthesis of Amides with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:459-467. [PMID: 32022481 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of idrocilamide (1), a marketed myorelaxant and anti-inflammatory agent, is reported herein. The synthetic strategy involves a solvent-free aminolysis reaction catalyzed by zinc-containing species (ZnCl2 , montmorillonite K10 (MK10) impregnated with ZnCl2 or eco-catalysts). The latter have been prepared from the aerial parts of Lolium perenne L. plants grown on contaminated soils from northern France without and with thermal activation at 120 °C and supported on MK10 (Ecocat1 and Ecocat2, respectively). The best aminolysis catalysts in the current study (ZnCl2 and Ecocat2) were selected for additional aminolyses. Compared to ZnCl2 , Ecocat2 had the advantage of being reusable over five test runs and constituted a sustainable catalyst allowing a green route to idrocilamide. Synthesized derivatives 1-4, 6 and 9 were first evaluated for their effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from macrophages and displayed antioxidant properties by preventing ROS production. Next, the analysis of the effect of molecules 1-4, 6 and 9 on macrophage migration between epithelial cells to human opportunistic fungus Candida albicans indicated that molecules 2-4, 6 and 9 exert anti-inflammatory properties via reducing macrophage migration while the parent idrocilamide (1) did not show any significant effect. This work opens the way for the discovery of new analogues of idrocilamide with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Dufrénoy
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLille, 13 rue de Toul, 56046, Lille, France
| | - Rogatien Charlet
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, Place Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Marie Hechelski
- Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, UCLille, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Adam Daïch
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université Le Havre Normandie, 25 rue Philipe Lebon, 76063, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, UCLille, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France.,Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, UCLille, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Samir Jawhara
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, Place Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLille, 13 rue de Toul, 56046, Lille, France.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
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12
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Sun X, Li X, Jia H, Wang H, Shui G, Qin Y, Shu X, Wang Y, Dong J, Liu G, Li X. Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 Mediates Oxidative Stress-Induced Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes by Increasing Adipogenesis and Decreasing Lipolysis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:173-192. [PMID: 31691574 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a regulator of cellular oxidative stress and is also involved in lipid metabolism in adipocytes. However, it remains unknown as to whether Nrf2 is the link between oxidative stress and the induction of lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Results: Here, we show that oxidative stress is markedly increased in white adipose tissue from mice with high-fat diet-induced or genetically (ob/ob)-induced obesity and from human subjects with obesity. Notably, in response to oxidative stress, Nrf2 expression and activity were induced, further promoting lipid accumulation in adipocytes and exacerbating the development of obesity. In contrast, Nrf2 ablation alleviated oxidative stress-induced lipid accumulation. Mechanistically, oxidative stress promoted Nrf2 recruitment to the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 promoter, inducing target gene transcription and subsequent lipogenesis. In addition, Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress-inhibited lipolysis in adipocytes via the protein kinase A pathway. Innovation and Conclusion: Our data provide a novel insight that Nrf2, as a critical signaling node, links oxidative stress to the induction of fat accumulation in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Heyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglei Qin
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yazhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jihong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Xue P, Hou Y, Zuo Z, Wang Z, Ren S, Dong J, Fu J, Wang H, Andersen ME, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Pi J. Long isoforms of NRF1 negatively regulate adipogenesis via suppression of PPARγ expression. Redox Biol 2019; 30:101414. [PMID: 31931283 PMCID: PMC6957832 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NRF1), a ubiquitously expressed CNC-bZIP transcription factor, plays a critical role in white adipocyte (WAC) biology, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The mouse Nrf1 gene is transcribed in a number of alternatively spliced forms, resulting in two long protein isoforms (L-NRF1) containing 741 and 742 amino acids (aa) and multiple short isoforms (S-NRF1). Our previous study found that adipocyte-specific knockout of Nrf1 [Nrf1(f)-KO] in mice disturbs the expression of lipolytic genes in adipocytes, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy followed by inflammation, pyroptosis and insulin resistance. In the present study, we found that the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells isolated from white adipose tissues (WAT) of Nrf1(f)-KO mice display augmented adipogenesis showing elevated mRNA and protein expression of adipogenic markers and lipid accumulation. In 3T3-L1 cells, stable knockdown (KD) of all or long isoforms of Nrf1 (termed as A-Nrf1-KD and L-Nrf1-KD, respectively) using lentiviral shRNAs resulted in enhanced and accelerated adipogenic differentiation. Conversely, overexpression of L-NRF1-741, but not any of the S-NRF1, substantially attenuated adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. These findings indicate that L-NRF1 might serve as a critical negative regulator of adipogenesis. Mechanistic investigation revealed that L-NRF1 may negatively regulates the transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), in particular the master regulator of adipogenesis PPARγ2. Taken all together, the findings in the present study provide further evidence for a novel role of NRF1 beyond its participation in cellular antioxidant response and suggest that L-NRF1 is a negative regulator of PPARγ2 expression and thereby can suppress adipogenesis. SVF cells isolated from WAT of Nrf1(f)-KO mice displayed augmented adipogenesis. Stable silencing of L-Nrf1 in 3T3-L1 cells resulted in enhanced and accelerated adipogenesis. Overexpression of L-NRF1-741, but not S-NRF1s, attenuated adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. L-NRF1 suppressed adipogenesis via downregulating PPARγ2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; ScitoVation LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yongyong Hou
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zuo
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Zhendi Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Suping Ren
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Jian Dong
- ScitoVation LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jingqi Fu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
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14
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Kompella P, Vasquez KM. Obesity and cancer: A mechanistic overview of metabolic changes in obesity that impact genetic instability. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1531-1550. [PMID: 31168912 PMCID: PMC6692207 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, defined as a state of positive energy balance with a body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m2 in adults and 95th percentile in children, is an increasing global concern. Approximately one-third of the world's population is overweight or obese, and in the United States alone, obesity affects one in six children. Meta-analysis studies suggest that obesity increases the likelihood of developing several types of cancer, and with poorer outcomes, especially in children. The contribution of obesity to cancer risk requires a better understanding of the association between obesity-induced metabolic changes and its impact on genomic instability, which is a major driving force of tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss how molecular changes during adipose tissue dysregulation can result in oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage. This represents one of the many critical steps connecting obesity and cancer since oxidative DNA lesions can result in cancer-associated genetic instability. In addition, the by-products of the oxidative degradation of lipids (e.g., malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and acrolein), and gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acid metabolites (e.g., deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid), can function as genotoxic agents and tumor promoters. We also discuss how obesity can impact DNA repair efficiency, potentially contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Finally, we outline obesity-related epigenetic changes and identify the gaps in knowledge to be addressed for the development of better therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kompella
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Karen M. Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX 78723, USA
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15
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The attenuating effects of pyridoxamine on adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation differ by adipocyte location. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 72:108173. [PMID: 31499381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is known that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands accumulate in the fat tissues of obese individuals, and RAGE ligands induce M1 macrophage polarization, which in turn induces inflammation. We evaluated the effect of pyridoxamine on RAGE ligand accumulation and M1 polarization in the visceral, subcutaneous, and perivascular fat tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). Pyridoxamine reduced HFD-induced weight gain, attenuated adipocyte size increases, RAGE ligand accumulations, RAGE-RAGE ligands binding, decreased macrophage M1 polarization and increased M2 polarization in visceral fat tissues, but not in subcutaneous tissues. Pyridoxamine induced glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) expression in visceral fat in the HFD group, whereas pyridoxamine induced Glo-1 expression in perivascular fat tissues was no higher than that observed in the normal fat diet (NFD) controls. In vitro, pyridoxamine suppressed the release of RAGE ligands from AGE treated macrophages, but non-significantly attenuated RAGE ligands release in AGE treated adipocytes. Pyridoxamine was found to suppress weight increases and M1 polarization, and to increase Glo-1 expression through the RAGE pathway in perivascular and visceral fat tissues of HFD-induced obese rats. These findings suggest pyridoxamine is a candidate for the treatment of obesity or complications related to obesity-induced inflammation.
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16
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Menneteau T, Fabre B, Garrigues L, Stella A, Zivkovic D, Roux-Dalvai F, Mouton-Barbosa E, Beau M, Renoud ML, Amalric F, Sensébé L, Gonzalez-de-Peredo A, Ader I, Burlet-Schiltz O, Bousquet MP. Mass Spectrometry-based Absolute Quantification of 20S Proteasome Status for Controlled Ex-vivo Expansion of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:744-759. [PMID: 30700495 PMCID: PMC6442357 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome controls a multitude of cellular processes through protein degradation and has been identified as a therapeutic target in oncology. However, our understanding of its function and the development of specific modulators are hampered by the lack of a straightforward method to determine the overall proteasome status in biological samples. Here, we present a method to determine the absolute quantity and stoichiometry of ubiquitous and tissue-specific human 20S proteasome subtypes based on a robust, absolute SILAC-based multiplexed LC-Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) quantitative mass spectrometry assay with high precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. The method was initially optimized and validated by comparison with a reference ELISA assay and by analyzing the dynamics of catalytic subunits in HeLa cells following IFNγ-treatment and in range of human tissues. It was then successfully applied to reveal IFNγ- and O2-dependent variations of proteasome status during primary culture of Adipose-derived-mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (ADSCs). The results show the critical importance of controlling the culture conditions during cell expansion for future therapeutic use in humans. We hypothesize that a shift from the standard proteasome to the immunoproteasome could serve as a predictor of immunosuppressive and differentiation capacities of ADSCs and, consequently, that quality control should include proteasomal quantification in addition to examining other essential cell parameters. The method presented also provides a new powerful tool to conduct more individualized protocols in cancer or inflammatory diseases where selective inhibition of the immunoproteasome has been shown to reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Menneteau
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France;; §STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1031, EFS, INP-ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Garrigues
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Stella
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Dusan Zivkovic
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Roux-Dalvai
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mouton-Barbosa
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Beau
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Laure Renoud
- §STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1031, EFS, INP-ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - François Amalric
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Sensébé
- §STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1031, EFS, INP-ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Gonzalez-de-Peredo
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Ader
- §STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1031, EFS, INP-ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France;.
| | - Marie-Pierre Bousquet
- From the ‡Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France;.
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17
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Martinez B, Khudyakov J, Rutherford K, Crocker DE, Gemmell N, Ortiz RM. Adipose transcriptome analysis provides novel insights into molecular regulation of prolonged fasting in northern elephant seal pups. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:495-503. [PMID: 29625017 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00002.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological and cellular adaptations to extreme fasting in northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris, NES) are remarkable and may help to elucidate endocrine mechanisms that regulate lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in mammals. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of thyroid hormones in the maintenance of a lipid-based metabolism during prolonged fasting in weaned NES pups. To identify additional molecular regulators of fasting, we used a transcriptomics approach to examine changes in global gene expression profiles before and after 6-8 wk of fasting in weaned NES pups. We produced a de novo assembly and identified 98 unique protein-coding genes that were differentially expressed between early and late fasting. Most of the downregulated genes were associated with lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. A number of downregulated genes were also associated with maintenance of the extracellular matrix, consistent with tissue remodeling during weight loss and the multifunctional nature of blubber tissue, which plays both metabolic and structural roles in marine mammals. Using this data set, we predict potential mechanisms by which NES pups sustain metabolism and regulate adipose stores throughout the fast, and provide a valuable resource for additional studies of extreme metabolic adaptations in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California.,Department of Medicine, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George, Grenada.,Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand.,Department of Physics and Engineering, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Jane Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific , Stockton, California
| | - Kim Rutherford
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park, California
| | - Neil Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
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18
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The polymethoxy flavonoid sudachitin suppresses inflammatory bone destruction by directly inhibiting osteoclastogenesis due to reduced ROS production and MAPK activation in osteoclast precursors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191192. [PMID: 29342179 PMCID: PMC5771597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bone diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis and peri-implantitis, are associated not only with the production of inflammatory cytokines but also with local oxidative status, which is defined by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Osteoclast differentiation has been reported to be related to increased intracellular ROS levels in osteoclast lineage cells. Sudachitin, which is a polymethoxyflavone derived from Citrus sudachi, possesses antioxidant properties and regulates various functions in mammalian cells. However, the effects of sudachitin on inflammatory bone destruction and osteoclastogenesis remain unknown. In calvaria inflamed by a local lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, inflammation-induced bone destruction and the accompanying elevated expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes were reduced by the co-administration of sudachitin and LPS. Moreover, sudachitin inhibited osteoclast formation in cultures of isolated osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors. However, sudachitin rather increased the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which is an important molecule triggering osteoclast differentiation, and the mRNA ratio of RANKL/osteoprotegerin that is a decoy receptor for RANKL, in the isolated osteoblasts, suggesting the presence of additional target cells. When osteoclast formation was induced from osteoclast precursors derived from bone marrow cells in the presence of soluble RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, sudachitin inhibited osteoclastogenesis without influencing cell viability. Consistently, the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related molecules including c-fos, NFATc1, cathepsin K and osteoclast fusion proteins such as DC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2 was reduced by sudachitin. In addition, sudachitin decreased activation of MAPKs such as Erk and JNK and the ROS production evoked by RANKL in osteoclast lineage cells. Our findings suggest that sudachitin is a useful agent for the treatment of anti-inflammatory bone destruction.
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19
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Epigenetic and microenvironmental alterations in bone marrow associated with ROS in experimental aplastic anemia. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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20
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Song Y, Oh GH, Kim MB, Hwang JK. Fucosterol inhibits adipogenesis through the activation of AMPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:489-494. [PMID: 30263569 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosterol is a sterol constituent primarily derived from brown algae. Recently, the antiadipogenic effect of fucosterol has been reported; however, its molecular mechanism remains to be studied. Fucosterol effectively upregulated the phosphorylations of both adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and downregulated the expression levels of lipogenesis-related factors. Moreover, fucosterol activated the major components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, including β-catenin, disheveled 2 (DVL2), and cyclin D1 (CCND1), whereas it inactivated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β) by stimulating its phosphorylation. In the presence or absence of fucosterol, the adipogenic transcriptional factors [peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)] were upregulated by the inhibition of AMPK by compound C or the knockdown of β-catenin by siRNA. Overall, these data demonstrate that fucosterol prevents adipogenesis by mediating both AMPK- and Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Song
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
| | - Ga Hui Oh
- 2Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea.,2Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
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Suppression of Nrf2 attenuates adipogenesis and decreases FGF21 expression through PPAR gamma in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 497:1149-1153. [PMID: 28131830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is the process of differentiation from preadipocytes to adipocytes and is orchestrated by various transcription factors, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). Oxidative stress is also a crucial factor in adipogenesis, and adipocyte differentiation is affected by the cellular redox status. The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, acts as a regulator of cellular oxidative stress. Although several previous studies examined the function of Nrf2 in adipogenesis, their results were controversial. In this study, we investigated whether the suppression of Nrf2 in 3T3-L1 cells affected adipogenesis. We found that adipogenesis master regulator genes, such as PPARγ and C/EBPα, were downregulated during the differentiation stage in Nrf2-knockdown 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were markedly downregulated in Nrf2-knockdown 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that the suppression of Nrf2 attenuates adipogenesis and decreases FGF21 expression through PPARγ in 3T3-L1 cells.
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Ahmed B, Liu S, Si H. Antiadipogenic Effects and Mechanisms of Combinations of Genistein, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, and/or Resveratrol in Preadipocytes. J Med Food 2016; 20:162-170. [PMID: 27976976 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds are considered an excellent alternative strategy for developing effective, safe, and cost-effective antiobesity agents. The aim of this study was to investigate if combinations of soy bean genistein (G), green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (E), and/or grape resveratrol (R) at low dosages synergistically inhibit preadipocyte differentiation both in 3T3-L1 cells and human primary preadipocytes (HPAs). Our results show that combinations of G, E, and/or R additively inhibited preadipocyte differentiation (39-56% of control) both in 3T3-L1 cells at 30 μM and HPAs at 15 μM, while the individual compounds have no antiadipogenic effect at the selected concentrations. We also observed similar patterns that combinations of G, E, and/or R additively reduced protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT binding proteins alpha (C/EBP-α), the two key preadipocyte differentiation regulators, both in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and HPAs. Moreover, combined G, E, and/or R attenuated protein expressions of fatty acid binding protein 4 and perilipin, two PPAR-γ/C/EBP-α downstream molecules in fat drop development in a very similar pattern, in inhibiting differentiation in preadipocytes. This combined antiadipogenic effect of G + E + R is additive, not synergistic according to our results and the Median-Effect Principle. In addition, we found that a lower concentration (15 μM) of G, E, and/or R is required in HPAs than the concentration (30 μM) needed in 3T3-L1 cells, to exert the combined antiadipogenic effect. These data suggest that combinations of G, E, and/or R intake or soy bean, green tea, and/or grape simultaneous consumption may prevent obesity in human being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulbul Ahmed
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Siqin Liu
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hongwei Si
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee
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Soto D, Gomez-Serrano M, Pieralisi A, Calvo JC, Peral B, Guerra LN. N-acetylcysteine inhibits kinase phosphorylation during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Redox Rep 2016; 22:265-271. [PMID: 27670786 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1223267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reports investigating the effects of antioxidants on obesity have provided contradictory results. We have previously demonstrated that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits cellular triglyceride (Tg) accumulation as well as total cellular monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes (Calzadilla et al., Redox Rep. 2013;210-218). Here we analyzed the role of NAC on adipogenic differentiation pathway. METHODS Assays were conducted using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (undifferentiated cells: CC), which are capable of differentiating into mature adipocytes (differentiated cells: DC). We studied the effects of different doses of NAC (0.01 or 1 mM) on DC, to evaluate cellular expression of phospho-JNK½ (pJNK½), phospho-ERK½ (pERK½) and, mitochondrial expression of citrate synthase, fumarate hydratase and MAOA. RESULTS Following the differentiation of preadipocytes, an increase in the expression levels of pJNK½ and pERK½ was observed, together with mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). We found that both doses of NAC decreased the expression of pJNK½ and pERK½. Consistent with these results, NAC significantly inhibited MCE and modified the expression of different mitochondrial proteins. DISCUSSION Our results suggested that NAC could inhibit Tg and mitochondrial protein expression by preventing both MCE and kinase phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Soto
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María Gomez-Serrano
- b Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, (CSIC, UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Azul Pieralisi
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Belén Peral
- b Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, (CSIC, UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Liliana N Guerra
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Azzarà A, Pirillo C, Giovannini C, Federico G, Scarpato R. Different repair kinetic of DSBs induced by mitomycin C in peripheral lymphocytes of obese and normal weight adolescents. Mutat Res 2016; 789:9-14. [PMID: 27174706 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In 2013, 42 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight or obese. In the context of obesity, we recently showed that (1) peripheral lymphocytes of obese children/adolescents had an 8-fold increase in double strand breaks (DSBs), expressed as g-H2AX foci, than normal weight adolescents, and (2) 30% of the damage was retained into chromosome mutations. Thus, we investigated DSBs repair efficiency in a group of obese adolescents assessing the kinetic of H2AX phosphorylation in mitomycin C (MMC)-treated lymphocytes harvested 2 h- or 4 h-post mutagen treatment. According to our previous studies, these harvesting times represent the peak of DSBs induction and the time in which an appreciable DSBs reduction was observed. In addition, we evaluated the expression of the high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), a chromatin remodelling protein involved in DSBs repair and obesity. Compared to normal weight adolescents, obese subjects 1) showed higher levels of g-H2AX foci at either 2 h- (0.239±0.041 vs. 0.473±0.048, P=0.0016) or 4 h- (0.150±0.026 vs. 0.255±0.030, P=0.0198) post mutagen treatment, and 2) have repaired a greater amount of the initial lesions (0.088±0.033 vs. 0.218±0.045, P=0.0408). Concordantly, 1) HMGB1 levels of obese individuals increased and decreased at 2h- or 4 h-post mutagen treatment, respectively, and 2) the opposite occurred for the normal weight adolescents where the protein was down-expressed at 2h and over-expressed at 4h. In conclusion, lymphocytes of obese and normal weight adolescents showed a distinct temporal kinetic of repairing MMC-induced DSBs, together with a different expression of HMGB1. The finding that obesity may modulate the repair of DNA damage induced in lymphocytes by genotoxic agents should be confirmed by further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Azzarà
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirillo
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Federico
- Unità di Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Diabete, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Scarpato
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Park JB. Bioavailability of Alfrutamide and Caffedymine and Their P-Selectin Suppression and Platelet-Leukocyte Aggregation Mechanisms in Mice. J Nutr 2016; 146:437S-443S. [PMID: 26764323 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.202473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfrutamide and caffedymine are phenolic amides found in plants, including garlic and cocoa. However, the bioavailability of alfrutamide and caffedymine and their effects on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly via effects on P-selectin expression(PSE) and platelet-leukocyte aggregation (PLA), are unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of alfrutamide and caffedymine and their effects on PSE and PLA, which are frequently involved in the progression of CVDs. METHODS Cyclooxygenase (COX) I and COX-II activities and cAMP were determined by using COX and cAMP kits. Bioavailability was determined by HPLC analysis of plasma samples from Swiss Webster mice orally administered alfrutamide and caffedymine (10 μg each). PSE and PLA were also measured by flow cytometry using blood samples from the same mice. RESULTS At 0.05 μmol/L, alfrutamide and caffedymine inhibited COX-I and COX-II by 20-40% (P < 0.05) and 16-33% (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with the control. At 0.1 μmol/L, the 2 compounds also inhibited platelet PSE by 28% (P < 0.05) and 35% (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with the control. The β2-adrenoceptor antagonists ICI118551 and butoxamine partially suppressed the inhibition of PSE by caffedymine, suggesting that β2 receptors are involved in inhibition by caffedymine but not by alfrutamide. At the same concentration (0.1 μmol/L), however, these 2 compounds inhibited PLA by 24-32% (P < 0.05) compared with the control. In addition, mice administered caffedymine and alfrutamide orally (10 μg/35 g body weight) exhibited maximum concentrations >0.6 μmol/L and significant inhibition of PSE by 23-34% (P < 0.05) and PLA by 20-27% (P < 0.05) compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS These data show the adequate bioavailability of alfrutamide and caffedymine and their different mechanisms of suppressing PSE and PLA: alfrutamide exerts its effects only via COX inhibition, whereas caffedymine works through both COX inhibition and cAMP amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae B Park
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
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Funakoshi-Tago M, Hattori T, Ueda F, Tago K, Ohe T, Mashino T, Tamura H. A proline-type fullerene derivative inhibits adipogenesis by preventing PPARγ activation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:259-265. [PMID: 28955832 PMCID: PMC5600428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases represent some of the most rapidly expanding health issues worldwide, and, thus, the development of a novel chemical compound to suppress adipogenesis is strongly expected. We herein investigated the effects of water-soluble fullerene derivatives: a bis-malonic acid derivative and three types of proline-type fullerene derivatives, on adipogenesis using NIH-3T3 cells overexpressing PPARγ. One of the proline-type fullerene derivatives (P3) harboring three carboxy groups significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and the expression of adipocyte-specific genes, such as aP2, induced by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. On the other hand, the bis-malonic acid derivative (M) and the 2 other proline-type fullerene derivatives (P1, P2), which have two carboxy groups, had no effect on PPARγ-mediated lipid accumulation or the expression of aP2. P3 fullerene also inhibited lipid accumulation induced by the combined stimulation with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone, and insulin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. During the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes, P3 fullerene did not affect the expression of C/EBPδ, C/EBPβ, or PPARγ, but markedly inhibited that of aP2 mRNA. These results suggest that P3 fullerene exhibits anti-obesity activity by preventing the activation of PPARγ. Fullerene derivative inhibits the rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis. Fullerene derivative inhibits the rosiglitazone-induced expression of aP2 mRNA. Fullerene derivative inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. Fullerene derivative inhibits the activation of PPARγ in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte.
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Key Words
- Adipogenesis
- C/EBPs, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fullerene
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- Obesity
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PPARγ
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
- aP2, adipocyte Protein 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Correspondence to: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University1-5-30 ShibakoenMinato-kuTokyo105-8512Japan
| | - Takahiro Hattori
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Fumihito Ueda
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenji Tago
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohe
- Department of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Mashino
- Department of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Tamura
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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Wu X, Ji P, Zhang L, Bu G, Gu H, Wang X, Xiong Y, Zuo B. The Expression of Porcine Prdx6 Gene Is Up-Regulated by C/EBPβ and CREB. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144851. [PMID: 26659441 PMCID: PMC4699452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin6 (Prdx6) is one of the peroxiredoxin (Prdxs) family members that play an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Our previous studies demonstrated that Prdx6 was significantly associated with pig meat quality, especially meat tenderness. However, the transcriptional regulation of porcine Prdx6 remains unclear. In this study, we determined the transcription start site (TSS) of porcine Prdx6 gene by 5' rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (5' RACE). Several regulatory elements including CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinβ (C/EBPβ), Myogenic Differentiation (MyoD), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), stimulating protein1 (Sp1) and heat shock factor (HSF) binding sites were found by computational analyses together with luciferase reporter system. Overexpression and RNA interference experiments showed that C/EBPβ or CREB could up-regulate the expression of porcine Prdx6 gene at both mRNA and protein level. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP) confirmed that C/EBPβ and CREB could interact with Prdx6 promoter. Immuoprecipitation results also showed that C/EBPβ could interact with Prdx6 in vivo. Taken together, our findings identified C/EBPβ and CREB as the important regulators of porcine Prdx6 gene expression, and offered clues for further investigation of Prdx6 gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Panlong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Bu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yuanzhu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Influence of dietary fatty acids on differentiation of human stromal vascular fraction preadipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1146-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kostyuk S, Smirnova T, Kameneva L, Porokhovnik L, Speranskij A, Ershova E, Stukalov S, Izevskaya V, Veiko N. GC-Rich Extracellular DNA Induces Oxidative Stress, Double-Strand DNA Breaks, and DNA Damage Response in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:782123. [PMID: 26273425 PMCID: PMC4529983 DOI: 10.1155/2015/782123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell free DNA (cfDNA) circulates throughout the bloodstream of both healthy people and patients with various diseases. CfDNA is substantially enriched in its GC-content as compared with human genomic DNA. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Exposure of haMSCs to GC-DNA induces short-term oxidative stress (determined with H2DCFH-DA) and results in both single- and double-strand DNA breaks (comet assay and γH2AX, foci). As a result in the cells significantly increases the expression of repair genes (BRCA1 (RT-PCR), PCNA (FACS)) and antiapoptotic genes (BCL2 (RT-PCR and FACS), BCL2A1, BCL2L1, BIRC3, and BIRC2 (RT-PCR)). Under the action of GC-DNA the potential of mitochondria was increased. Here we show that GC-rich extracellular DNA stimulates adipocyte differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (haMSCs). Exposure to GC-DNA leads to an increase in the level of RNAPPARG2 and LPL (RT-PCR), in the level of fatty acid binding protein FABP4 (FACS analysis) and in the level of fat (Oil Red O). CONCLUSIONS GC-rich fragments in the pool of cfDNA can potentially induce oxidative stress and DNA damage response and affect the direction of mesenchymal stem cells differentiation in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Such a response may be one of the causes of obesity or osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kostyuk
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Tatiana Smirnova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Larisa Kameneva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Lev Porokhovnik
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Anatolij Speranskij
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Ershova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Sergey Stukalov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Vera Izevskaya
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Natalia Veiko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mosskvorechie Street 1, Moscow 115478, Russia
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Kim H, Lee Y, Han T, Choi EM. The micosporine-like amino acids-rich aqueous methanol extract of laver (Porphyra yezoensis) inhibits adipogenesis and induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:592-8. [PMID: 26634047 PMCID: PMC4667199 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Increased mass of adipose tissue in obese persons is caused by excessive adipogenesis, which is elaborately controlled by an array of transcription factors. Inhibition of adipogenesis by diverse plant-derived substances has been explored. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of the aqueous methanol extract of laver (Porphyra yezoensis) on adipogenesis and apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and to investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of the laver extract. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were treated with various concentrations of laver extract in differentiation medium. Lipid accumulation, expression of adipogenic proteins, including CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid binding protein 4, and fatty acid synthase, cell viability, apoptosis, and the total content and the ratio of reduced to oxidized forms of glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were analyzed. RESULTS Treatment with laver extract resulted in a significant decrease in lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which showed correlation with a reduction in expression of adipogenic proteins. Treatment with laver extract also resulted in a decrease in the viability of preadipocytes and an increase in the apoptosis of mature adipocytes. Treatment with laver extract led to exacerbated depletion of cellular glutathione and abolished the transient increase in GSH/GSSG ratio during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CONCLUSION Results of our study demonstrated that treatment with the laver extract caused inhibition of adipogenesis, a decrease in proliferation of preadipocytes, and an increase in the apoptosis of mature adipocytes. It appears that these effects were caused by increasing oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the depletion and oxidation of the cellular glutathione pool in the extract-treated adipocytes. Our results suggest that a prooxidant role of laver extract is associated with its antiadipogenic and proapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - Yunjung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - Taejun Han
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-772, Korea
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Scioli MG, Cervelli V, Arcuri G, Gentile P, Doldo E, Bielli A, Bonanno E, Orlandi A. High Insulin-Induced Down-Regulation of Erk-1/IGF-1R/FGFR-1 Signaling Is Required for Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:2077-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention; Tor Vergata University; Rome Italy
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Plastic Surgery; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention; Tor Vergata University; Rome Italy
| | - Gaetano Arcuri
- Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention; Tor Vergata University; Rome Italy
| | - Pietro Gentile
- Plastic Surgery; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention; Tor Vergata University; Rome Italy
| | - Elena Doldo
- Anatomic Pathology; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention; Tor Vergata University; Rome Italy
| | - Alessandra Bielli
- Anatomic Pathology; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention; Tor Vergata University; Rome Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Anatomic Pathology; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention; Tor Vergata University; Rome Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention; Tor Vergata University; Rome Italy
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Ji S, Li W, Bao L, Han P, Yang W, Ma L, Meng F, Cao B. PU.1 promotes miR-191 to inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:329-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Calzadilla P, Gómez-Serrano M, García-Santos E, Schiappacasse A, Abalde Y, Calvo JC, Peral B, Guerra LN. N-Acetylcysteine affects obesity-related protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Redox Rep 2014; 18:210-8. [PMID: 24112955 DOI: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress plays critical roles in the pathogeneses of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, but its effect on fat accumulation is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the role of the well-known antioxidant and a glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in fat accumulation and the expression of obesity-associated proteins. METHODS We studied the effects of 10 µM NAC on obesity-related protein expression in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which are able to differentiate into mature adipocytes and accumulate lipids. RESULTS NAC treatment inhibited fat accumulation and reduced the expression of obesity-related proteins, including monoamine oxidase A, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), aminoacylase -1 (ACY-1), and transketolase. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the effects of NAC on triglycerides (Tgs) and protein expression are correlated. In support of this, we showed that NAC treatment affected both the Tg synthesis pathway and the expression levels of proteins implicated in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Calzadilla
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2 (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pallua N, Serin M, Wolter TP. Characterisation of angiogenetic growth factor production in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal cells. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2014; 48:412-6. [DOI: 10.3109/2000656x.2014.903196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Murdolo G, Bartolini D, Tortoioli C, Piroddi M, Iuliano L, Galli F. Lipokines and oxysterols: novel adipose-derived lipid hormones linking adipose dysfunction and insulin resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:811-820. [PMID: 23954331 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of adipose tissue (AT) is, by definition, a hallmark of obesity. However, not all increases in fat mass are associated with pathophysiological cues. Indeed, whereas a "healthy" fat mass accrual, mainly in the subcutaneous depots, preserves metabolic homeostasis, explaining the occurrence of the metabolically healthy obese phenotype, "unhealthy" AT expansion is importantly associated with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The development of a dysfunctional adipose organ may find mechanistic explanation in a reduced ability to recruit new and functional (pre)adipocytes from undifferentiated precursor cells. Such a failure of the adipogenic process underlies the "AT expandability" paradigm. The inability of AT to expand further to store excess nutrients, rather than obesity per se, induces a diabetogenic milieu by promoting the overflow and the ectopic deposition of fatty acids in insulin-dependent organs (i.e., lipotoxicity), the secretion of various metabolically detrimental adipose-derived hormones (i.e., adipokines and lipokines), and the occurrence of local and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Hitherto, fatty acids (i.e., lipokines) and the oxidation by-products of cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as nonenzymatic oxysterols and reactive aldehyde species, respectively, emerge as key modulators of (pre)adipocyte signaling through Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK pathways and potential regulators of glucose homeostasis. These and other mechanistic insights linking adipose dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impairment of glucose homeostasis are discussed in this review article, which focuses on adipose peroxidation as a potential instigator of, and a putative therapeutic target for, obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Assisi Hospital, I-06081 Assisi, Perugia, Italy; Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrine, and Metabolic Sciences, Italy.
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Marta Piroddi
- Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Unit of Vascular Medicine, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
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Sikkeland J, Saatcioglu F. Differential expression and function of stamp family proteins in adipocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68249. [PMID: 23874564 PMCID: PMC3707909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Six transmembrane protein of prostate (Stamp) proteins play an important role in prostate cancer cell growth. Recently, we found that Stamp2 has a critical role in the integration of inflammatory and metabolic signals in adipose tissue where it is highly expressed and regulated by nutritional and metabolic cues. In this study, we show that all Stamp family members are differentially regulated during adipogenesis: whereas Stamp1 expression is significantly decreased upon differentiation, Stamp2 expression is increased. In contrast, Stamp3 expression is modestly changed in adipocytes compared to preadipocytes, and has a biphasic expression pattern during the course of differentiation. Suppression of Stamp1 or Stamp2 expression both led to inhibition of 3T3-L1 differentiation in concert with diminished expression of the key regulators of adipogenesis - CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/ebpα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ). Upon Stamp1 knockdown, mitotic clonal expansion was also inhibited. In contrast, Stamp2 knockdown did not affect mitotic clonal expansion, but resulted in a marked decrease in superoxide production that is known to affect adipogenesis. These results suggest that Stamp1 and Stamp2 play critical roles in adipogenesis, but through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Sikkeland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Postboks, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Postboks, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Increased heme-oxygenase 1 expression in mesenchymal stem cell-derived adipocytes decreases differentiation and lipid accumulation via upregulation of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:28. [PMID: 23497794 PMCID: PMC3706794 DOI: 10.1186/scrt176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heme oxygenase (HO), a major cytoprotective enzyme, attenuates oxidative stress and obesity. The canonical Wnt signaling cascade plays a pivotal role in the regulation of adipogenesis. The present study examined the interplay between HO-1and the Wnt canonical pathway in the modulation of adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived adipocytes. Methods To verify the role of HO-1 in generating small healthy adipocytes, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), inducer of HO-1, was used during adipocyte differentiation. Lipid accumulation was measured by Oil red O staining and lipid droplet size was measured by BODIPY staining. Results During adipogenesis in vitro, differentiating pre-adipocytes display transient increases in the expression of genes involved in canonical Wnt signaling cascade. Increased levels of HO-1 expression and HO activity resulted in elevated levels of β-catenin, pGSK3β, Wnt10b, Pref-1, and shh along with increased levels of adiponectin (P < 0.05). In addition, induction of HO-1 resulted in a reduction in C/EBPα, PPARγ, Peg-1/Mest, aP2, CD36 expression and lipid accumulation (P < 0.05). Suppression of HO-1 gene by siRNA decreased Wnt10b, pGSK3β and β-catenin expression, and increased lipid accumulation. The canonical Wnt responsive genes, IL-8 and SFRP1, were upregulated by CoPP and their expression was decreased by the concurrent administration of tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), an inhibitor of HO activity. Furthermore, knockdown of Wnt10b gene expression by using siRNA showed increased lipid accumulation, and this effect was not decreased by concurrent treatment with CoPP. Also our results show that blocking the Wnt 10b antagonist, Dickkopf 1 (Dkk-1), by siRNA decreased lipid accumulation and this effect was further enhanced by concurrent administration of CoPP. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that HO-1 acts upstream of canonical Wnt signaling cascade and decreases lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation suggesting that the HO-1 mediated increase in Wnt10b can modulate the adipocyte phenotype by regulating the transcriptional factors that play a role in adipogenesis. This is evidenced by a decrease in lipid accumulation and inflammatory cytokine levels, increased adiponectin levels and elevation of the expression of genes of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade.
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Park JB. Isolation and quantification of major chlorogenic acids in three major instant coffee brands and their potential effects on H2O2-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Food Funct 2013; 4:1632-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Murdolo G, Piroddi M, Luchetti F, Tortoioli C, Canonico B, Zerbinati C, Galli F, Iuliano L. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by-products at the crossroad between adipose organ dysregulation and obesity-linked insulin resistance. Biochimie 2012; 95:585-94. [PMID: 23274128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been proposed as an energy balance disorder in which the expansion of adipose tissue (AT) leads to unfavorable health outcomes. Even though adiposity represents the most powerful driving force for the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes, mounting evidence points to "adipose dysregulation", rather than fat mass accrual per se, as a key pathophysiological trigger of the obesity-linked metabolic complications. The dysfunctional fat, besides hypertrophic adipose cells and inflammatory cues, displays a reduced ability to form new adipocytes from the undifferentiated precursor cells (ie, the preadipocytes). The failure of adipogenesis poses a "diabetogenic" milieu either by promoting the ectopic overflow/deposition of lipids in non-adipose targets (lipotoxicity) or by inducing a dysregulated secretion of different adipose-derived hormones (ie, adipokines and lipokines). This novel and provocative paradigm ("expandability hypothesis") further extends current "adipocentric view" implicating a reduced adipogenic capacity as a missing link between "unhealthy" fat expansion and impairment of metabolic homeostasis. Hitherto, reactive oxygen species have been implicated in multiple forms of IR. However, the effects of stress on adipogenesis remain controversial. Compelling circumstantial data indicate that lipid peroxidation by-products (ie, oxysterols and 4-hydrononenal) may detrimentally affect adipose homeostasis partly by impairing (pre)adipocyte differentiation. In this scenario, it is tempting to speculate that a fine tuning of the adipose redox status may provide new mechanistic insights at the interface between fat dysregulation and development of metabolic dysfunctions. Yet, in humans, the molecular "signatures" of oxidative stress in the dysregulated fat as well as the pathophysiological effects of adipose (per)oxidation on glucose homeostasis remain poorly investigated. In this review we will summarize the potential mechanisms by which increased oxidative stress in fat may impair (pre)adipocyte differentiation and promote the adipose dysfunction. We will also attempt to highlight the conundrum with the adipose redox changes and the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Finally, we will briefly discuss the scientific rationale for proposing the adipose redox state as a potential target for novel therapeutic strategies to curb/prevent adiposity-linked insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Assisi Hospital, Via Valentin Muller 1, Assisi, Perugia, Italy.
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Guo W, Li Y, Liang W, Wong S, Apovian C, Kirkland JL, Corkey BE. Beta-mecaptoethanol suppresses inflammation and induces adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-F442A murine preadipocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40958. [PMID: 22911724 PMCID: PMC3402440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preadipocytes are present in adipose tissues throughout adult life that can proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes in response to environmental cues. Abnormal increase in adipocyte number or size leads to fat tissue expansion. However, it is now recognized that adipocyte hypertrophy is a greater risk factor for metabolic syndrome whereas fat tissue that continues to produce newer and smaller fat cells through preadipocyte differentiation is “metabolically healthy”. Because adipocyte hypertrophy is often associated with increased oxidant stress and low grade inflammation, both are linked to disturbed cellular redox, we tested how preadipocyte differentiation may be regulated by beta-mercaptoethanol (BME), a pharmacological redox regulator and radical scavenger, using murine 3T3-F442A preadipocytes as the cell model. Effects of BME on adipogenesis were measured by microphotography, real-time PCR, and Western analysis. Our data demonstrated that preadipocyte differentiation could be regulated by extracellular BME. At an optimal concentration, BME enhanced expression of adipogenic gene markers and lipid accumulation. This effect was associated with BME-mediated down-regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression during early differentiation. BME also attenuated TNFalpha-induced activation of NFkappaB in differentiating preadipocytes and partially restored TNFalpha-mediated suppression on adipogenesis. Using a non-adipogenic HEK293 cell line transfected with luciferase reporter genes, we demonstrated that BME reduced basal and TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB activity and increased basal and ciglitazone-induced PPARgamma activity; both may contribute to the pro-adipogenic effect of BME in differentiating F442A preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Loseva P, Kostyuk S, Malinovskaya E, Clement N, Dechesne CA, Dani C, Smirnova T, Glebova K, Baidakova G, Baranova A, Izhevskaia V, Ginter E, Veiko N. Extracellular DNA oxidation stimulates activation of NRF2 and reduces the production of ROS in human mesenchymal stem cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12 Suppl 1:S85-97. [PMID: 22594577 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.688948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human blood normally contains circulating cell-free DNA (cirDNA). Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) present in cell culture medium is termed extracellular DNA (ecDNA). Its concentration, GC content and oxidation level depend on physiological state of the organism. cirDNA could probably be one of the aggressive factors encountered by therapeutic stem cells. The authors hypothesize that oxidized cirDNA could influence their survival rate. They aimed to uncover the effects of oxidized ecDNAs, including ecDNA of cultivated primary tumor cells and cirDNA from blood plasma of cancer patients on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). AREAS COVERED Increased concentrations of cfDNA stimulate a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and up-regulate antioxidant response genes (NRF2, KEAP1, SOD1, BRCA1, BCL2) in MSCs. This response is more prominent when cfDNA contains higher proportions of 8-oxo-dG. Within an hour, oxidized DNA induces a decrease in ROS production while NRF2 mRNA levels continue to augment and the NRF2 protein translocates into the nucleus. Additionally, oxidized DNA up-regulates PPRAG2 with no apparent induction of adipogenesis. This kind of response is specific for MSCs. EXPERT OPINION Oxidized cfDNA up-regulates NRF2 and PPARG2 and reduces ROS production in MSCs. These effects should be taken into account when considering therapeutic applications of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Loseva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Xiao L, Aoshima H, Saitoh Y, Miwa N. Highly hydroxylated fullerene localizes at the cytoskeleton and inhibits oxidative stress in adipocytes and a subcutaneous adipose-tissue equivalent. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1376-89. [PMID: 21684329 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial site for pathologic changes in obesity/metabolic syndrome-related diseases. Interaction between adipogenesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipose tissue involving chronic low-grade inflammation is postulated to be causal in the development of insulin resistance and other metabolic consequences. We used different culture systems to investigate the relationship between ROS and adipogenesis at three levels: within adipocytes, during adipocyte-monocyte interactions, and in a subcutaneous adipose tissue model. The effects of highly hydroxylated fullerene (HHF; C(60)(OH)(36)) on adipogenesis-accompanying oxidative stress and inflammatory changes were examined using these three systems. We demonstrated that H(2)O(2) stimulates lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and lipid uptake causes ROS generation in OP9 preadipocytes, both of which were then markedly suppressed with HHF treatment. HHF significantly inhibited the adipogenic stimulant insulin-rich serum replacement (SR)-induced triacylglycerol accumulation, ROS production, and macrophage activation in cultured OP9 cells and an OP9-U937 monocyte-like cell coculture system. H(2)O(2)-induced intracellular ROS production in OP9 adipocytes was also notably inhibited by HHF. We developed a three-dimensional subcutaneous adipose-tissue equivalent (SATE) consisting of air-exposed cultures of HaCaT keratinocytes on an OP9 adipocyte-populated collagen gel in a culture insert. With SR stimulation and under suitable conditions, fat accumulation, ROS generation, and macrophage infiltration were observed in the SATE and significantly inhibited by HHF. By western blotting, we demonstrated that HHF localized at the cytoskeleton, which controls the transport of lipids. In conclusion, HHF is able to inhibit oxidative stress in adipocytes and adipogenesis-related macrophage activation in adipose tissues through its antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Laboratory of Cell-Death Control BioTechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Lowe
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Vigilanza P, Aquilano K, Baldelli S, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. Modulation of intracellular glutathione affects adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2016-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ducluzeau PH, Priou M, Weitheimer M, Flamment M, Duluc L, Iacobazi F, Soleti R, Simard G, Durand A, Rieusset J, Andriantsitohaina R, Malthièry Y. Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial network and oxidative functions during 3T3-L1 fat cell differentiation. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 67:285-96. [PMID: 21267801 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have been shown to be impaired in insulin resistance-related diseases but have not been extensively studied during the first steps of adipose cell development. This study was designed to determine the sequence of changes of the mitochondrial network and function during the first days of adipogenesis. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes without using glitazone compounds. At days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12, mitochondrial network imaging, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, membrane potential, and oxidative phosphorylation efficiency were assessed in permeabilized cells. Gene and protein expressions related to fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial network were also determined. Compared to preadipocytes (day 0), new adipocytes (days 6 and 9) displayed profound changes of their mitochondrial network that underwent fragmentation and redistribution around lipid droplets. Drp1 and mitofusin 2 displayed a progressive increase in their gene expression and protein content during the first 9 days of differentiation. In parallel with the mitochondrial network redistribution, mitochondria switched to uncoupled respiration with a tendency towards decreased membrane potential, with no variation of mtTFA and NRF1 gene expression. The expression of PGC1α and NRF2 genes and genes involved in lipid oxidation (UCP2, CD36, and CPT1) was increased. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production displayed a nadir at day 6 with a concomitant increase in antioxidant enzyme gene expression. This 3T3-L1-based in vitro model of adipogenesis showed that mitochondria adapted to the increased number of lipid droplets by network redistribution and uncoupling respiration. The timing and regulation of lipid oxidation-associated ROS production appeared to play an important role in these changes.
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Differential redox potential profiles during adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2010; 16:149-61. [PMID: 21225471 PMCID: PMC6275997 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-010-0042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Development is an orderly process that requires the timely activation and/or deactivation of specific regulatory elements that control cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. While many studies have defined factors that control developmental signaling, the role of intracellular reduction/oxidation (redox) status as a means to control differentiation has not been fully studied. Redox states of intracellular couples may play a very important role in regulating redox-sensitive elements that are involved in differentiation signaling into specific phenotypes. In human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which are capable of differentiating into many different types of phenotypes, including osteoblasts and adipocytes, glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys) and thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) redox potentials were measured during adipogenesis and osteogenesis. GSH redox potentials (Eh) during both osteogenesis and adipogenesis became increasingly oxidized as differentiation ensued, but the rate at which this oxidation occurred was unique for each process. During adipogenesis, Cys Eh became oxidized as adipogenesis progressed but during osteogenesis, it became reduced. Interestingly, intracellular Trx1 concentrations appeared to increase in both adipogenesis and osteogenesis, but the Eh was unchanged when compared to undifferentiated hMSCs. These data show that hMSC differentiation into either adipocytes of osteoblasts corresponds to a unique redox state profile, suggesting that differentiation into specific phenotypes are likely regulated by redox states that are permissive to a specific developmental process.
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Zhang N, Andresen BT, Zhang C. Inflammation and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease. World J Cardiol 2010; 2:408-10. [PMID: 21191541 PMCID: PMC3011135 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v2.i12.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been proposed to be mediators of experimental cardiovascular pathology. There is also a wealth of data indicating that ROS are involved in clinical cardiovascular pathology. However, multiple clinical studies have shown little benefit from anti-oxidant treatments, whereas nearly all experimental studies have shown a marked effect of anti-oxidant therapy. One reason for this discrepancy is that ROS are produced through multiple different mechanisms of which some are clinically beneficial; thus, in a defined experimental system where predominately pathological ROS are generated does not mimic a clinical setting where there are likely to be multiple ROS generating systems producing beneficial and pathological ROS. Simple inhibition of ROS would not be expected to have the same result in these two situations; ergo, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the production of ROS so that clinical treatments can be tailored to target the pathological production of ROS. One such example of this in cardiovascular biology is tissue specific inflammation-mediated ROS generation. This and the following series of articles discuss the current understanding of the role of ROS in cardiovascular disease, specifically focusing on the molecular mechanisms of ROS generation and the actions of ROS within the cardiovascular system. Although there are still many areas with regard to the effects of ROS in the cardiovascular system that are not completely understood, there is a wealth of data suggesting that blocking pathological ROS production is likely to have beneficial clinical effects compared to traditional anti-oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- Nannan Zhang, Cuihua Zhang, Department of Internal Medicine1, Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652114, United States
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Pi J, Leung L, Xue P, Wang W, Hou Y, Liu D, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Lee C, Lau J, Kurtz TW, Chan JY. Deficiency in the nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 transcription factor results in impaired adipogenesis and protects against diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9292-300. [PMID: 20089859 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.093955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a cap-n-collar basic leucine zipper (CNC-bZIP) transcription factor that is well established as a master regulator of phase II detoxification and antioxidant gene expression and is strongly expressed in tissues involved in xenobiotic metabolism including liver and kidney. Nrf2 is also abundantly expressed in adipose tissue; however, the exact function of Nrf2 in adipocyte biology is unclear. In the current study we show that targeted knock-out of Nrf2 in mice decreases adipose tissue mass, promotes formation of small adipocytes, and protects against weight gain and obesity otherwise induced by a high fat diet. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, 3T3-L1 cells, and human subcutaneous preadipocytes, selective deficiency of Nrf2 impairs adipocyte differentiation. Deficiency of Nrf2 also leads to decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha), and their downstream targets during adipocyte differentiation. Conversely, activation of Nrf2 in 3T3-L1 cells by stable knockdown of its negative regulator Keap1 enhances and accelerates hormone-induced adipocyte differentiation. Transfection of Nrf2 stimulates Ppargamma promoter activity, and stable knockdown of Keap1 enhances PPARgamma expression in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation studies show that Nrf2 associates with consensus binding sites for Nrf2 in the Ppargamma promoter. These findings demonstrate a novel biologic role for Nrf2 beyond its participation in detoxification and antioxidant pathways and place Nrf2 within the limited network of transcription factors that control adipocyte differentiation by regulating expression of PPARgamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Pi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
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